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Dagah OMA, Silaa BB, Zhu M, Pan Q, Qi L, Liu X, Liu Y, Peng W, Ullah Z, Yudas AF, Muhammad A, Zhang X, Lu J. Exploring Immune Redox Modulation in Bacterial Infections: Insights into Thioredoxin-Mediated Interactions and Implications for Understanding Host-Pathogen Dynamics. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:545. [PMID: 38790650 PMCID: PMC11117976 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections trigger a multifaceted interplay between inflammatory mediators and redox regulation. Recently, accumulating evidence has shown that redox signaling plays a significant role in immune initiation and subsequent immune cell functions. This review addresses the crucial role of the thioredoxin (Trx) system in the initiation of immune reactions and regulation of inflammatory responses during bacterial infections. Downstream signaling pathways in various immune cells involve thiol-dependent redox regulation, highlighting the pivotal roles of thiol redox systems in defense mechanisms. Conversely, the survival and virulence of pathogenic bacteria are enhanced by their ability to counteract oxidative stress and immune attacks. This is achieved through the reduction of oxidized proteins and the modulation of redox-sensitive signaling pathways, which are functions of the Trx system, thereby fortifying bacterial resistance. Moreover, some selenium/sulfur-containing compounds could potentially be developed into targeted therapeutic interventions for pathogenic bacteria. Taken together, the Trx system is a key player in redox regulation during bacterial infection, and contributes to host-pathogen interactions, offering valuable insights for future research and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer M. A. Dagah
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (O.M.A.D.); (B.B.S.); (M.Z.); (Q.P.); (L.Q.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (W.P.); (Z.U.); (A.F.Y.); (A.M.)
| | - Billton Bryson Silaa
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (O.M.A.D.); (B.B.S.); (M.Z.); (Q.P.); (L.Q.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (W.P.); (Z.U.); (A.F.Y.); (A.M.)
| | - Minghui Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (O.M.A.D.); (B.B.S.); (M.Z.); (Q.P.); (L.Q.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (W.P.); (Z.U.); (A.F.Y.); (A.M.)
| | - Qiu Pan
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (O.M.A.D.); (B.B.S.); (M.Z.); (Q.P.); (L.Q.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (W.P.); (Z.U.); (A.F.Y.); (A.M.)
| | - Linlin Qi
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (O.M.A.D.); (B.B.S.); (M.Z.); (Q.P.); (L.Q.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (W.P.); (Z.U.); (A.F.Y.); (A.M.)
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (O.M.A.D.); (B.B.S.); (M.Z.); (Q.P.); (L.Q.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (W.P.); (Z.U.); (A.F.Y.); (A.M.)
| | - Yuqi Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (O.M.A.D.); (B.B.S.); (M.Z.); (Q.P.); (L.Q.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (W.P.); (Z.U.); (A.F.Y.); (A.M.)
| | - Wenjing Peng
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (O.M.A.D.); (B.B.S.); (M.Z.); (Q.P.); (L.Q.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (W.P.); (Z.U.); (A.F.Y.); (A.M.)
| | - Zakir Ullah
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (O.M.A.D.); (B.B.S.); (M.Z.); (Q.P.); (L.Q.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (W.P.); (Z.U.); (A.F.Y.); (A.M.)
| | - Appolonia F. Yudas
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (O.M.A.D.); (B.B.S.); (M.Z.); (Q.P.); (L.Q.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (W.P.); (Z.U.); (A.F.Y.); (A.M.)
| | - Amir Muhammad
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (O.M.A.D.); (B.B.S.); (M.Z.); (Q.P.); (L.Q.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (W.P.); (Z.U.); (A.F.Y.); (A.M.)
| | | | - Jun Lu
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (O.M.A.D.); (B.B.S.); (M.Z.); (Q.P.); (L.Q.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (W.P.); (Z.U.); (A.F.Y.); (A.M.)
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Ting KK, Yu P, Dow R, Floro E, Ibrahim H, Scipione CA, Hyduk SJ, Polenz CK, Zaslaver O, Karmaus PW, Fessler MB, Rӧst HL, Ohh M, Tsai S, Winer DA, Woo M, Rocheleau J, Jongstra-Bilen J, Cybulsky MI. Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Accumulation Suppresses Glycolysis and Attenuates the Macrophage Inflammatory Response by Diverting Transcription from the HIF-1α to the Nrf2 Pathway. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:1561-1577. [PMID: 37756544 PMCID: PMC10873122 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Lipid accumulation in macrophages (Mφs) is a hallmark of atherosclerosis, yet how lipid accumulation affects inflammatory responses through rewiring of Mφ metabolism is poorly understood. We modeled lipid accumulation in cultured wild-type mouse thioglycolate-elicited peritoneal Mφs and bone marrow-derived Mφs with conditional (Lyz2-Cre) or complete genetic deficiency of Vhl, Hif1a, Nos2, and Nfe2l2. Transfection studies employed RAW264.7 cells. Mφs were cultured for 24 h with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) or cholesterol and then were stimulated with LPS. Transcriptomics revealed that oxLDL accumulation in Mφs downregulated inflammatory, hypoxia, and cholesterol metabolism pathways, whereas the antioxidant pathway, fatty acid oxidation, and ABC family proteins were upregulated. Metabolomics and extracellular metabolic flux assays showed that oxLDL accumulation suppressed LPS-induced glycolysis. Intracellular lipid accumulation in Mφs impaired LPS-induced inflammation by reducing both hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α (HIF-1α) stability and transactivation capacity; thus, the phenotype was not rescued in Vhl-/- Mφs. Intracellular lipid accumulation in Mφs also enhanced LPS-induced NF erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated antioxidative defense that destabilizes HIF-1α, and Nrf2-deficient Mφs resisted the inhibitory effects of lipid accumulation on glycolysis and inflammatory gene expression. Furthermore, oxLDL shifted NADPH consumption from HIF-1α- to Nrf2-regulated apoenzymes. Thus, we postulate that repurposing NADPH consumption from HIF-1α to Nrf2 transcriptional pathways is critical in modulating inflammatory responses in Mφs with accumulated intracellular lipid. The relevance of our in vitro models was established by comparative transcriptomic analyses, which revealed that Mφs cultured with oxLDL and stimulated with LPS shared similar inflammatory and metabolic profiles with foamy Mφs derived from the atherosclerotic mouse and human aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth K.Y. Ting
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Pei Yu
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Riley Dow
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Eric Floro
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hisham Ibrahim
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Corey A. Scipione
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Sharon J. Hyduk
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Chanele K. Polenz
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Olga Zaslaver
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1
| | - Peer W.F. Karmaus
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Michael B. Fessler
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Hannes L. Rӧst
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1
| | - Michael Ohh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Sue Tsai
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2RS, Canada
| | - Daniel A. Winer
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Minna Woo
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Jonathan Rocheleau
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Jenny Jongstra-Bilen
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Myron I. Cybulsky
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada
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Pérez S, Rius-Pérez S. Macrophage Polarization and Reprogramming in Acute Inflammation: A Redox Perspective. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071394. [PMID: 35883885 PMCID: PMC9311967 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage polarization refers to the process by which macrophages can produce two distinct functional phenotypes: M1 or M2. The balance between both strongly affects the progression of inflammatory disorders. Here, we review how redox signals regulate macrophage polarization and reprogramming during acute inflammation. In M1, macrophages augment NADPH oxidase isoform 2 (NOX2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), synaptotagmin-binding cytoplasmic RNA interacting protein (SYNCRIP), and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 increase oxygen and nitrogen reactive species, which triggers inflammatory response, phagocytosis, and cytotoxicity. In M2, macrophages down-regulate NOX2, iNOS, SYNCRIP, and/or up-regulate arginase and superoxide dismutase type 1, counteract oxidative and nitrosative stress, and favor anti-inflammatory and tissue repair responses. M1 and M2 macrophages exhibit different metabolic profiles, which are tightly regulated by redox mechanisms. Oxidative and nitrosative stress sustain the M1 phenotype by activating glycolysis and lipid biosynthesis, but by inhibiting tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. This metabolic profile is reversed in M2 macrophages because of changes in the redox state. Therefore, new therapies based on redox mechanisms have emerged to treat acute inflammation with positive results, which highlights the relevance of redox signaling as a master regulator of macrophage reprogramming.
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Zhou X, Afzal S, Wohlmuth H, Münch G, Leach D, Low M, Li CG. Synergistic Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Ginger and Turmeric Extracts in Inhibiting Lipopolysaccharide and Interferon-γ-Induced Proinflammatory Mediators. Molecules 2022; 27:3877. [PMID: 35745000 PMCID: PMC9229778 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the combined anti-inflammatory activity of ginger and turmeric extracts. By comparing the activities of individual and combined extracts in lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ-induced murine RAW 264.7 cells, we demonstrated that ginger-turmeric combination was optimal at a specific ratio (5:2, w/w) in inhibiting nitric oxide, tumour necrosis factor and interleukin 6 with synergistic interaction (combination index < 1). The synergistic inhibitory effect on TNF was confirmed in human monocyte THP-1 cells. Ginger-turmeric combination (5:2, w/w) also upregulated nuclear factor erythroid 2−related factor 2 activity and heme oxygenase-1 protein expression. Additionally, 6-shogaol, 8-shogaol, 10-shogaol and curcumin were the leading compounds in reducing major proinflammatory mediators and cytokines, and a simplified compound combination of 6-s, 10-s and curcumin showed the greatest potency in reducing LPS-induced NO production. Our study provides scientific evidence in support of the combined use of ginger and turmeric to alleviate inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhou
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; (H.W.); (M.L.)
| | - Sualiha Afzal
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Narellan Road & Gilchrist Drive, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia; (S.A.); (G.M.)
| | - Hans Wohlmuth
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; (H.W.); (M.L.)
- Integria Healthcare, 2728 Logan Road, Brisbane, QLD 4113, Australia;
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Gerald Münch
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Narellan Road & Gilchrist Drive, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia; (S.A.); (G.M.)
| | - David Leach
- Integria Healthcare, 2728 Logan Road, Brisbane, QLD 4113, Australia;
| | - Mitchell Low
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; (H.W.); (M.L.)
| | - Chun Guang Li
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; (H.W.); (M.L.)
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Zhou T, Li Z, Chen H. Melatonin alleviates lipopolysaccharide (LPS) / adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-induced pyroptosis in rat alveolar Type II cells (RLE-6TN) through nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-driven reactive oxygen species (ROS) downregulation. Bioengineered 2022; 13:1880-1892. [PMID: 35109747 PMCID: PMC8973817 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2018981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis has pivotal parts within disease development, rendering this attractive mechanism for novel therapeutics. This investigation aimed at analyzing melatonin roles within pyroptosis together with related mechanistics. RLE-6TN cultures were exposed to varying LPS doses for 4.5 h followed by concomitant culturing in the presence of ATP (5 mM) for 0.5 h to induce injury, and the roles of melatonin, N-Acety-L-cysteine (NAC - a ROS scavenger), ML385 (specific Nrf2 inhibitor) were examined. Apoptosis analysis was performed through lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity assays, together with propidium iodide (PI) stain-assay. Intracellular ROS were quantified through 2, 7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). Pyrolysis-associated proteins, such as nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), cysteine aspartate-specific protease-1 P20 (Caspase-1 P20), gasdermin D-N (GSDMD-N), and mature interleukin-1β (IL-1β), were identified through Western blotting. Dataset outcomes demonstrated LPS/ATP induce RLE-6TN cell pyroptosis, while melatonin alleviated this phenomenon, visualized through increased cell survival rate, reduction of LDH discharge and PI+ cellular count. Moreover, melatonin effectively reduced NLRP3 inflammasome triggering in RLE-6TN cells. Meanwhile, this study demonstrated melatonin thwarting over NLRP3 inflammasome triggering was depending on ROS. In addition, this study found that melatonin activated Nrf2/Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway, with pyroptotic-inhibiting function of melatonin was reverted through a bespoke Nrf2-inhibitor and siNrf2. In summary, this study concluded that melatonin prevents RLE-6TN cellular pyroptosis through Nrf2-triggered ROS downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhaodong Li
- Basic Medicine College, Chongqing Medical University,1# Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Astaxanthin as a Modulator of Nrf2, NF-κB, and Their Crosstalk: Molecular Mechanisms and Possible Clinical Applications. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27020502. [PMID: 35056816 PMCID: PMC8779084 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AST) is a dietary xanthophyll predominantly found in marine organisms and seafood. Due to its unique molecular features, AST has an excellent antioxidant activity with a wide range of applications in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries. In the past decade, mounting evidence has suggested a protective role for AST against a wide range of diseases where oxidative stress and inflammation participate in a self-perpetuating cycle. Here, we review the underlying molecular mechanisms by which AST regulates two relevant redox-sensitive transcription factors, such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Nrf2 is a cellular sensor of electrophilic stress that coordinates the expression of a battery of defensive genes encoding antioxidant proteins and detoxifying enzymes. Likewise, NF-κB acts as a mediator of cellular stress and induces the expression of various pro-inflammatory genes, including those encoding cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules. The effects of AST on the crosstalk between these transcription factors have also been discussed. Besides this, we summarize the current clinical studies elucidating how AST may alleviate the etiopathogenesis of oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Li N, Wang Y, Wang X, Sun N, Gong YH. Pathway network of pyroptosis and its potential inhibitors in acute kidney injury. Pharmacol Res 2021; 175:106033. [PMID: 34915124 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.106033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a worldwide problem, and there is no effective drug to eliminate AKI. The death of renal cells is an important pathological basis of intrinsic AKI. At present, targeted therapy for TEC death is a research hotspot in AKI therapy. There are many ways of cell death involved in the occurrence and development of AKI, such as apoptosis, necrosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis. This article mainly focuses on the role of pyroptosis in AKI. The assembly and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is a key event in the occurrence of pyroptosis, which is affected by many factors, such as the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, mitochondrial instability and excessive endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The activation of NLRP3 inflammasome can trigger its downstream inflammatory cytokines, which will lead to pyroptosis and eventually induce AKI. In this paper, we reviewed the possible mechanism of pyroptosis in AKI and the potential effective inhibitors of various key targets in this process. It may provide potential therapeutic targets for novel intrinsic AKI therapies based on pyroptosis, so as to develop better therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China; Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute, Tianjin University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yuru Wang
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China; Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute, Tianjin University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China; Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute, Tianjin University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Na Sun
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China; Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute, Tianjin University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yan-Hua Gong
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China; Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute, Tianjin University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
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Liu Y, Zhou J, Luo Y, Li J, Shang L, Zhou F, Yang S. Honokiol alleviates LPS-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis via Nrf2 activation in vitro and in vivo. Chin Med 2021; 16:127. [PMID: 34844623 PMCID: PMC8628413 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00541-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Honokiol (HKL) has been reported to ameliorate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI). However, its potential mechanism of its protective effects remains unclear. In this study, the protective mechanism of HKL on LPS-induced ALI was explored in vivo and in vitro. Methods In vivo, the SD rats were intratracheally instilled with LPS (5 mg/kg) to establish an acute lung injury model and then treated with HKL (1.25/2.5/5 mg/kg) or ML385 (30 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. In vitro, the human bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B) was stimulated with LPS and ATP to induce pyroptosis and treated with HKL (12.5/25/50 μM). Small interfering RNA (siRNA) technique was used to knockdown Nrf2 in BEAS-2B cells. The protein and mRNA expression levels of Nrf2, HO-1, NLRP3, ASC, CASP1, and GSDMD in cells and lung tissues were detected by western blot and real time-PCR. The expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, MPO, MDA, and SOD in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and supernatant were determined by ELISA. The degree of pathological injury of lung tissue was evaluated by H&E staining. Results The results showed that HKL could alleviate oxidative stress and inflammatory responses by regulating the levels of MPO, MDA, SOD, IL-1β, IL-18 in supernatant. And it could also inhibit the expression levels of NLRP3, ASC, CASP1, GSDMD via activation of Nrf2 in BEAS-2B cells. Further studies revealed that HKL could attenuate the pathological injury in LPS-induced ALI rats, and the molecular mechanism was consistent with the results in vitro. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that HKL could alleviate LPS-induced ALI by reducing the oxidative stress and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis, which was partly dependent on the Nrf2 activation. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jiabin Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yingying Luo
- School of Clinical Medical, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jinxiao Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Luorui Shang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Fangyuan Zhou
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shenglan Yang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Zhang H, Zhang Y, Liu X, Elsabagh M, Yu Y, Peng A, Dai S, Wang H. L-Arginine inhibits hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage and inflammatory response by regulating antioxidant capacity in ovine intestinal epithelial cells. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1973916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Mabrouk Elsabagh
- Department of Animal Production and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Turkey
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Yin Yu
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Along Peng
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Sifa Dai
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Hongrong Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Hambali A, Kumar J, Hashim NFM, Maniam S, Mehat MZ, Cheema MS, Mustapha M, Adenan MI, Stanslas J, Hamid HA. Hypoxia-Induced Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease: Potential Neuroprotective Effects of Centella asiatica. Front Physiol 2021; 12:712317. [PMID: 34721056 PMCID: PMC8551388 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.712317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is characterised by the presence of extracellular beta-amyloid fibrillary plaques and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tau tangles in the brain. Recurring failures of drug candidates targeting these pathways have prompted research in AD multifactorial pathogenesis, including the role of neuroinflammation. Triggered by various factors, such as hypoxia, neuroinflammation is strongly linked to AD susceptibility and/or progression to dementia. Chronic hypoxia induces neuroinflammation by activating microglia, the resident immune cells in the brain, along with an increased in reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory cytokines, features that are common to many degenerative central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Hence, interests are emerging on therapeutic agents and plant derivatives for AD that target the hypoxia-neuroinflammation pathway. Centella asiatica is one of the natural products reported to show neuroprotective effects in various models of CNS diseases. Here, we review the complex hypoxia-induced neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of AD and the potential application of Centella asiatica as a therapeutic agent in AD or dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqilah Hambali
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Jaya Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Nur Fariesha Md Hashim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Sandra Maniam
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Zulfadli Mehat
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Manraj Singh Cheema
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Muzaimi Mustapha
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | | | - Johnson Stanslas
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Hafizah Abdul Hamid
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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Garcia C, Blesso CN. Antioxidant properties of anthocyanins and their mechanism of action in atherosclerosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172:152-166. [PMID: 34087429 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis develops due to lipid accumulation in the arterial wall and sclerosis as result of increased hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, lipid oxidation, and protein oxidation. However, improving antioxidant status through diet may prevent the progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. It is believed that polyphenol-rich plants contribute to the inverse relationship between fruit and vegetable intake and chronic disease. Anthocyanins are flavonoid polyphenols with antioxidant properties that have been associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. The consumption of anthocyanins increases total antioxidant capacity, antioxidant defense enzymes, and HDL antioxidant properties by several measures in preclinical and clinical populations. Anthocyanins appear to impart antioxidant actions via direct antioxidant properties, as well as indirectly via inducing intracellular Nrf2 activation and antioxidant gene expression. These actions counter oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling in cells present in atherosclerotic plaques, including macrophages and endothelial cells. Overall, anthocyanins may protect against atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease through their effects on cellular antioxidant status, oxidative stress, and inflammation; however, their underlying mechanisms of action appear to be complex and require further elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Garcia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, United States
| | - Christopher N Blesso
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, United States.
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12
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Schmid T, Brüne B. Prostanoids and Resolution of Inflammation - Beyond the Lipid-Mediator Class Switch. Front Immunol 2021; 12:714042. [PMID: 34322137 PMCID: PMC8312722 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.714042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive lipid mediators play a major role in regulating inflammatory processes. Herein, early pro-inflammatory phases are characterized and regulated by prostanoids and leukotrienes, whereas specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM), including lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and maresins, dominate during the resolution phase. While pro-inflammatory properties of prostanoids have been studied extensively, their impact on later phases of the inflammatory process has been attributed mainly to their ability to initiate the lipid-mediator class switch towards SPM. Yet, there is accumulating evidence that prostanoids directly contribute to the resolution of inflammation and return to homeostasis. In this mini review, we summarize the current knowledge of the resolution-regulatory properties of prostanoids and discuss potential implications for anti-inflammatory, prostanoid-targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Schmid
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt, Germany
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13
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Zou Y, Luo X, Feng Y, Fang S, Tian J, Yu B, Li J. Luteolin prevents THP-1 macrophage pyroptosis by suppressing ROS production via Nrf2 activation. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 345:109573. [PMID: 34217685 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pyroptosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of numerous infectious, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases, which makes it a promising target for intervention. In this study, the effect of luteolin on pyroptosis and the underlying mechanism were investigated using the canonical NLRP3 inflammasome in THP-1 macrophages induced by LPS/ATP. The results showed that luteolin exhibited a potent preventive effect on THP-1 macrophage pyroptosis, as evidenced by the increase in cell viability and the decrease in LDH release. Moreover, luteolin was found to significantly reduce the expression of NLRP3, pro-CASP-1 and CASP-1, which are the key components of NLRP3 inflammasome, as well as the expression of N-GSDMD and IL-1β, and we proved that the inhibition of luteolin on NLRP3 inflammasome activation is ROS-dependent. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that luteolin promoted Nrf2 nuclear translocation, thereby increasing the expression of HO-1 that reduces ROS production, while the anti-pyroptotic effect of luteolin was reversed by a specific Nrf2 inhibitor. Additionally, luteolin inhibited NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. In summary, we conclude that luteolin prevents THP-1 macrophage pyroptosis by suppressing ROS production via Nrf2 activation as well as NF-κB inactivation. These results support luteolin as a potential bioactive chemical against pyroptosis-related inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongpeng Zou
- Department of Cardiology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Xing Luo
- Department of Cardiology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Yi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Shaohong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Jiangtian Tian
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Cardiology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Cardiology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China.
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14
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Wu PS, Jeng J, Yang JJ, Kao V, Yen JH, Wu MJ. Vernonia patula (Dryand.) Merr. and Leucas chinensis (Retz.) R. Brown exert anti-inflammatory activities and relieve oxidative stress via Nrf2 activation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 262:113155. [PMID: 32736054 PMCID: PMC7385944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Vernonia patula (Dryand.) Merr. and Leucas chinensis (Retz.) R. Brown have anti-inflammatory properties and are popularly used as complementary and alternative medicine in Asia. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the underlying molecular mechanism and active chemicals in the ethanol extracts of V. patula (VP) and L. chinensis (LC). MATERIALS AND METHODS The inhibitory activities of VP and LC on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production were investigated in RAW264.7 macrophages and BV2 microglia. Downregulation of pro-inflammatory genes and upregulation of Nrf2 (NF-E2 p45-related factor 2)-ARE (antioxidant response element) pathway were investigated using RT-Q-PCR and Western blotting. Direct antioxidant capacities were measured using free radical scavenging and Folin-Ciocalteu assays. The flavonoids and triterpenes in VP and LC were identified by HPLC-ESI-MS. RESULTS VP and LC inhibited NO and IL-6 production and suppressed iNOS, IL-6, IL-1β and CCL2 gene expression. VP and LC were potent direct antioxidants and effective indirect antioxidants assayed by Nrf2 activation and induction of heme oxygenase (HO)-1, glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM) and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). Three flavonoids including apigenin (1), luteolin (2) and chryseriol (3), and one triterpene betulinic acid (4) were found in VP; while compounds 1-4 and oleanolic acid (5) were in LC. CONCLUSION Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of VP and LC may be in great part attributed to the identified Nrf2 activating compounds, which induce expression of Phase II enzymes and attenuate the upregulation of pro-inflammatory genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Shan Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, 717, Taiwan
| | - Jingyueh Jeng
- Bachelor Program in Cosmeceutical and Biotech Industry, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, 717, Taiwan; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, 717, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Jer Yang
- Bachelor Program in Pharmaceutical Botanicals & Health Applications, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, 717, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, 717, Taiwan
| | - Vivia Kao
- Bachelor Program in Cosmeceutical and Biotech Industry, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, 717, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, 717, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hung Yen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 970, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jiuan Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, 717, Taiwan.
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Gui Y, Yang Y, Xu D, Tao S, Li J. Schisantherin A attenuates sepsis-induced acute kidney injury by suppressing inflammation via regulating the NRF2 pathway. Life Sci 2020; 258:118161. [PMID: 32730835 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Tubulointerstitial inflammation is recognized as a key determinant of progressive sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). Schisantherin A (SchA) has been shown to be capable of regulating inflammatory processes. In the present study, we explored the possibility of SchA in preventing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced kidney inflammation and injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS AKI was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of LPS in CD1 mice, administration of SchA was used for treatment. The protective effect of SchA on renal function and inflammation were analyzed respectively; the NRK-52E cell line was employed for the in vitro study and relative molecular mechanism was explored. KEY FINDINGS Administration with SchA markedly attenuated LPS-induced damage on renal function and histopathological changes of the kidney. Additionally, pretreatment with SchA could inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors in the kidneys. In NRK-52E cells, SchA treatment significantly inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Moreover, SchA could promote NRF2 pathway activation, and further blockade of NRF2 activation reversed the SchA-induced inhibition of NF-κB activation. SIGNIFICANCE These presented results indicated that SchA may have great potential for protecting against sepsis-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gui
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States of America
| | - Youjing Yang
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Deyu Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Shasha Tao
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China.
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Zhang W, Dong X, Dou S, Yang L. Neuroprotective role of Nrf2 on hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal mice. Synapse 2020; 74:e22174. [PMID: 32491225 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress play a key role in mediating the pathophysiology of hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury. Nrf2 is a transcriptional factor that contributes to the innate defense of the body against oxidative stress and inflammation. The current study investigated the effect of Nrf2 in neonatal HI brain injury using Nrf2-/- mice. Nrf2-/- and wild-type Nrf2+/+ mice on a C57BL/6J background at postnatal day 9 underwent unilateral common carotid artery ligation, followed by hypoxia. Brain damage was determined by infarct size measurement. Apoptosis was evaluated by measuring the expression of Bax and Bcl-2. The levels of inflammatory cytokines and mediators involved in oxidative stress were measured. Nrf2 knockout exacerbated HI injury-induced brain infarct and cell apoptosis in the brain. Nrf2-/- mice showed increased inflammatory cytokines and MDA, and reduced activities of antioxidant enzymes including CAT, GSH-Px, and SOD. Nrf2-/- mice showed reduced HO-1 expression after HI injury compared with wild-type mice. This study supported a protective effect of Nrf2 in neonatal HI brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Brain Academy District, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Xiujuan Dong
- Department of Two Obstetrics, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Sumian Dou
- Department of Emergency, Brain Academy District, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Long Yang
- Department of Emergency, Brain Academy District, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
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Effects and Mechanisms of Five Psoralea Prenylflavonoids on Aging-Related Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:2128513. [PMID: 32655760 PMCID: PMC7320294 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2128513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
During the aging process, senescent cells gradually accumulate in the organs; they secrete proinflammatory cytokines and other factors, collectively known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). SASP secretions contribute to “inflammaging,” which is a state of chronic, systemic, sterility, low-grade inflammatory microenvironment and a key risk factor in the development of aging-related diseases. Fructus psoraleae is a traditional Chinese medical herb best known for delaying aging and treating osteoporosis. Prenylflavonoids from fructus psoraleae are the main bioactive compounds responsible for its pharmacological applications, such as beaching, bavachinin, bavachalcone, isobavachalcone, and neobavaisoflavone. In previous decades, there have been some promising studies on the pharmacology of fructus psoraleae. Here, we focus on the anti-inflammatory and antiaging diseases of five psoralea prenylflavonoids, such as cardiovascular protection, diabetes and obesity intervention, neuroprotection, and osteoporosis, and discuss the mechanism of these active ingredients for better understanding the material basis and drug application of fructus psoraleae in Chinese medicine.
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18
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Circadian Clock and OxInflammation: Functional Crosstalk in Cutaneous Homeostasis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:2309437. [PMID: 32377292 PMCID: PMC7195654 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2309437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are biological oscillations that occur with an approximately 24 h period and optimize cellular homeostasis and responses to environmental stimuli. A growing collection of data suggests that chronic circadian disruption caused by novel lifestyle risk factors such as shift work, travel across time zones, or irregular sleep-wake cycles has long-term consequences for human health. Among the multiplicity of physiological systems hypothesized to have a role in the onset of pathologies in case of circadian disruption, there are redox-sensitive defensive pathways and inflammatory machinery. Due to its location and barrier physiological role, the skin is a prototypical tissue to study the influence of environmental insults induced OxInflammation disturbance and circadian system alteration. To better investigate the link among outdoor stressors, OxInflammation, and circadian system, we tested the differential responses of keratinocytes clock synchronized or desynchronized, in an in vitro inflammatory model exposed to O3. Being both NRF2 and NF-κB two key redox-sensitive transcription factors involved in cellular redox homeostasis and inflammation, we analyzed their activation and expression in challenged keratinocytes by O3. Our results suggest that a synchronized circadian clock not only facilitates the protective role of NRF2 in terms of a faster and more efficient defensive response against environmental insults but also moderates the cellular damage resulting from a condition of chronic inflammation. Our results bring new insights on the role of circadian clock in regulating the redox-inflammatory crosstalk influenced by O3 and possibly can be extrapolated to other pollutants able to affect the oxinflammatory cellular processes.
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Allicin alleviates inflammation of diabetic macroangiopathy via the Nrf2 and NF-kB pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 876:173052. [PMID: 32135124 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
As diabetic macroangiopathy is becoming increasingly prevalent, it is urgent to explore preventive and therapeutic drugs and study the mechanism. Diabetic mice were induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ)for five consecutive days. Diabetic mice were divided into diabetic and allicin groups. After sacrifice, frozen aortic root sections were immunohistochemically stained for nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and inflammation cytokine-tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and the remaining aortic tissues were analyzed by Western blot for the expression of proinflammation genes. In vitro, Nrf2 and inflammatory relative protein expression levels in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) were examined. HUVECs proliferation and apoptosis were measured. TNF-α expression was increased in diabetic group compared to that in control group; this effect was alleviated in allicin-treated mice. Inflammation relative protein expression of Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1(VCAM-1), Matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS), and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) was higher in the diabetic group than in the control group; however, allicin treatment inhibited these diabetes-induced increase. In vitro, allicin treatment reversed the hyperglycemia-induced reduction in proliferation, and decreased the apoptosis induced by high glucose. Inflammation relative protein expression was consistent with that in vivo. Additionally, the expression of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB)and Nrf2 was increased in both DM mice and HUVECs; allicin treatment induced a significant reduction in NF-κB level and improvement in Nrf2 level. Allicin alleviates inflammation caused by diabetic macroangiopathy, and the mechanism may occur via increasing Nrf2 and decreasing NF-κB.
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20
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Rusetskaya NY, Fedotov IV, Koftina VA, Borodulin VB. Selenium Compounds in Redox Regulation of Inflammation and Apoptosis. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW), SUPPLEMENT SERIES B: BIOMEDICAL CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990750819040085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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21
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Rusetskaya NY, Fedotov IV, Koftina VA, Borodulin VB. [Selenium compounds in redox regulation of inflammation and apoptosis]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2019; 65:165-179. [PMID: 31258141 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20196503165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages play a key role in the development of inflammation: under the action of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), absorbed from the intestine, monocytes and macrophages form reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytokines, this leads to the development of oxidative stress, inflammation and/or apoptosis in all types of tissues. In the cells LPS induce an "internal" TLR4-mediated MAP-kinase inflammatory signaling pathway and cytokines through the superfamily of tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) and the "death domain" (DD) initiate an "external" caspase apoptosis cascade or necrosis activation that causes necroptosis. Many of the proteins involved in intracellular signaling cascades (MYD88, ASK1, IKKa/b, NF-kB, AP-1) are redox-sensitive and their activity is regulated by antioxidants thioredoxin, glutaredoxin, nitroredoxin, and glutathione. Oxidation of these signaling proteins induced by ROS enhances the development of inflammation and apoptosis, and their reduction with antioxidants, on the contrary, stabilizes the signaling cascades speed, preventing the vicious circle of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis that follows it. Antioxidant (AO) enzymes thioredoxin reductase (TRXR), glutaredoxin reductase (GLRXR), glutathione reductase (GR) are required for reduction of non-enzymatic antioxidants (thioredoxin, glutaredoxin, nitroredoxin, glutathione), and AO enzymes (SOD, catalase, GPX) are required for ROS deactivation. The key AO enzymes (TRXR and GPX) are selenium-dependent; therefore selenium deficiency leads to a decrease in the body's antioxidant defense, the development of oxidative stress, inflammation, and/or apoptosis in various cell types. Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway activated by selenium deficiency and/or oxidative stress is necessary to restore redox homeostasis in the cell. In addition, expression of some genes is changed with selenium deficiency. Consequently, growth and proliferation of cells, their movement, development, death, and survival, as well as the interaction between cells, the redox regulation of intracellular signaling cascades of inflammation and apoptosis, depend on the selenium status of the body. Prophylactic administration of selenium-containing preparations (natural and synthetic (organic and inorganic)) is able to normalize the activity of AO enzymes and the general status of the body. Organic selenium compounds have a high bioavailability and, depending on their concentration, can act both as selenium donors to prevent selenium deficiency and as antitumor drugs due to their toxicity and participation in the regulation of signaling pathways of apoptosis. Known selenorganic compounds diphenyldiselenide and ethaselen share similarity with the Russian organo selenium compound, diacetophenonylselenide (DAPS-25), which serves as a source of bioavailable selenium, exhibits a wide range of biological activity, including antioxidant activity, that governs cell redox balance, inflammation and apoptosis regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Y Rusetskaya
- Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia
| | - I V Fedotov
- Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia
| | - V A Koftina
- Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia
| | - V B Borodulin
- Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia
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Basta-Kaim A, Ślusarczyk J, Szczepanowicz K, Warszyński P, Leśkiewicz M, Regulska M, Trojan E, Lasoń W. Protective effects of polydatin in free and nanocapsulated form on changes caused by lipopolysaccharide in hippocampal organotypic cultures. Pharmacol Rep 2019; 71:603-613. [PMID: 31176102 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polydatin (PD) is a compound, originally isolated from the root and rhizome of the Chinese herb Polygonum cuspidatum. To date, various biological properties of this compound, such as analgesic, anti-pyretic or diuretic effects, have been shown. Recently, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties have been widely postulated, yet PD instability and low bioavailability limit its beneficial actions. Therefore, it has been suggested that an encapsulation process may be a promising strategy for overcoming these limitations and increasing the therapeutic efficacy of PD. METHODS We examined the effects of PD in two forms, including free and in PD-loaded polymeric nanocapsules, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced changes in hippocampal organotypic cultures. RESULTS Our results indicated that free and encapsulated PD diminished cell death processes and attenuated the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by LPS administration. Additionally, PD in both forms strongly inhibited the production of nitric oxide and down-regulated the level of iNOS enzyme in LPS-stimulated hippocampal cultures. CONCLUSION Taken together, our study showed that PD exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties in LPS-treated hippocampal organotypic cultures. Furthermore, we show that the encapsulation procedure preserved the features of the free form of this compound, and therefore, the polymeric nanocapsules containing PD may be used as a novel and promising delivery system in therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Basta-Kaim
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Joanna Ślusarczyk
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Szczepanowicz
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Warszyński
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Leśkiewicz
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Regulska
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Trojan
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Władysław Lasoń
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
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Zhang H, Peng A, Yu Y, Guo S, Wang M, Wang H. l-Arginine Protects Ovine Intestinal Epithelial Cells from Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Apoptosis through Alleviating Oxidative Stress. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:1683-1690. [PMID: 30685970 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This research aims to explore the effect of l-arginine (Arg) upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced induction of the oxidative stress as well as subsequent apoptosis within ovine intestinal epithelial cells (IOECs). Through a 16 h incubation, cells were divided into four groups and the medium was replaced with different medium as follows: (1) control (Con), Arg-free Dulbecco's modified Eagle's F12 Ham medium (DMEM); (2) Arg treatment, Arg-free DMEM supplemented with 100 μM Arg; (3) LPS treatment, Arg-free DMEM supplemented with 10 μg/mL LPS; (4) LPS with Arg treatment, Arg-free DMEM supplemented with both 10 μg/mL LPS and 100 μM Arg. After culturing for 24 h in different mediums, some characteristics of cells in the four groups were measured. Addition of Arg increased cell viability induced with LPS compared with the LPS group ( p < 0.05). Arg significantly decreased the release of dehydrogenase (LDH) and the production of malonaldehyde (MDA) ( p < 0.05) within IOECs challenged by the LPS. Compared with the LPS group, cells treated with Arg and Arg + LPS increased ( p < 0.05) mRNA as well as protein expression of glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2), quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), heme oxygenase (HO-1), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). IOEC treatment with Arg reduced significantly ( p < 0.05) apoptosis induced by the LPS (12.58 ± 0.79%). The results showed that Arg promoted the protein expression of Nrf2, up-regulated expression of the phase II metabolizing enzymes (NQO1 and HO-1), as well as antioxidative enzymes (GPx1, CAT, and SOD2) for alleviating oxidative injury and protected IOECs from LPS-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , P. R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , P. R. China
| | - Along Peng
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , P. R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , P. R. China
| | - Yin Yu
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , P. R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , P. R. China
| | - Shuang Guo
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , P. R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , P. R. China
| | - Mengzhi Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , P. R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , P. R. China
| | - Hongrong Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , P. R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , P. R. China
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Xie XL, Zhou WT, Zhang KK, Chen LJ, Wang Q. METH-Induced Neurotoxicity Is Alleviated by Lactulose Pretreatment Through Suppressing Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation in Rat Striatum. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:802. [PMID: 30450033 PMCID: PMC6224488 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abuse of methamphetamine (METH) results in neurological and psychiatric abnormalities. Lactulose is a poorly absorbed derivative of lactose and can effectively alleviate METH-induced neurotoxicity in rats. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of lactulose on METH-induced neurotoxicity. Rats received METH (15 mg/kg, 8 intraperitoneal injections, 12-h interval) or saline and received lactulose (5.3 g/kg, oral gavage, 12-h interval) or vehicle 2 days prior to the METH administration. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. Protein levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6), nuclear factor κB (NFκB), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, cleaved caspase 3, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) were determined by western blotting. mRNA expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-relatted factor-2 (Nrf2), p62, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were assessed by RT-qPCR. The lactulose pretreatment decreased METH-induced cytoplasmic damage in rat livers according to histopathological observation. Compared to the control group, overproduction of ROS and MDA were observed in rat striatums in the METH alone-treated group, while the lactulose pretreatment significantly attenuated the METH-induced up-regulation of oxidative stress. The lactulose pretreatment significantly repressed over-expressions of proteins of TLR4, MyD88, TRAF6, NFκB, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, cleaved caspase 3, PARP-1. The lactulose pretreatment increased mRNA expressions of Nrf2, p62, and HO-1. These findings suggest that lactulose pretreatment can alleviate METH-induced neurotoxicity through suppressing neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, which might be attributed to the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Xie
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Tao Zhou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai-Kai Zhang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Jian Chen
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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25
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Schweikl H, Gallorini M, Pöschl G, Urmann V, Petzel C, Bolay C, Hiller KA, Cataldi A, Buchalla W. Functions of transcription factors NF-κB and Nrf2 in the inhibition of LPS-stimulated cytokine release by the resin monomer HEMA. Dent Mater 2018; 34:1661-1678. [PMID: 30196988 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.08.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Resin monomers like 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) interfere with effects induced by stressors such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) released from cariogenic microorganisms. In this study, mechanisms underlying monomer-induced inhibition of the LPS-stimulated secretion of inflammatory cytokines from immunocompetent cells were investigated. METHODS Secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and the anti-inflammatory IL-10 from RAW264.7 mouse macrophages exposed to LPS and HEMA (0-6-8mM) was determined by ELISA. The formation of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS) was determined by flow cytometry (FACS) after staining of cells with specific fluorescent dyes. Cell viability was analyzed by FACS, and protein expression was detected by Western blotting. RESULTS Secretion of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 from LPS-stimulated cells increased after a 24h exposure. A HEMA-induced decrease in cytokine secretion resulted from the inhibition of LPS-stimulated NF-κB activation. Nuclear translocation of NF-κB was inhibited possibly as a result of enhanced levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) in HEMA-exposed cells. Oxidative stress caused by HEMA-induced formation of H2O2 and LPS-stimulated peroxynitrite (ONOO) also enhanced nuclear expression of Nrf2 as the major regulator of redox homeostasis, as well as Nrf2-controlled stress protein HO-1 to inhibit NF-κB activity. HEMA inhibited the LPS-stimulated expression of NOS (nitric oxide synthase) to produce NO but counteracted the expression of Nox2, which forms superoxide anions that combine with NO to peroxynitrite. CONCLUSIONS Resin monomers like HEMA inhibit LPS-stimulated NF-κB activation essential for cytokine release as a crucial response of immunocompetent cells of the dental pulp to invading cariogenic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Schweikl
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Marialucia Gallorini
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Gerd Pöschl
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Vera Urmann
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christine Petzel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Carola Bolay
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karl-Anton Hiller
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Amelia Cataldi
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Buchalla
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany
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Epidermal Growth Factor, through Alleviating Oxidative Stress, Protect IPEC-J2 Cells from Lipopolysaccharides-Induced Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2018. [PMID: 29538305 PMCID: PMC5877709 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been widely used for protection of stress-induced intestinal mucosa dysfunction. However, whether EGF would alleviate oxidative injury and reduce apoptosis in porcine intestine is not yet known. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of EGF on lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced induction of oxidative stress and ensuing apoptosis in the porcine intestinal epithelial cell line, IPEC-J2. The present study showed that EGF significantly increased cell viability and decreased the LPS-induced induction of apoptosis, dehydrogenase (LDH) release and malonaldehyde (MDA) production. EGF also (i) decreased expression of the pro-apoptotic genes Fas, Bax, Cascase-3, Cascase-8, Cascase-9, and proteins such as P53, Fas, Bax, Caspase3; (ii) increased antiapoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) expression; (iii) increased mRNA levels of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) related genes Nrf2, manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), heme oxygenase (HO-1) and quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1); (iv) protein level of Nrf2-realeted proteins Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1; and (v) total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), CAT, SOD, GSH-Px concentrations. Collectively, our results indicated that EGF enhanced Nrf2 protein expression, and upregulated the expression of phase II metabolizing enzymes (such as HO-1 and NQO1) and antioxidative enzymes (SOD, CAT and GSH-Px) to alleviate oxidative injury, and then protect IPEC-J2 cells from apoptosis induced by LPS.
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27
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Hu Q, Zhang T, Yi L, Zhou X, Mi M. Dihydromyricetin inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent pyroptosis by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway in vascular endothelial cells. Biofactors 2018; 44:123-136. [PMID: 29193391 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence demonstrates that pyroptosis, pro-inflammatory programmed cell death, is linked to atherosclerosis; however, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Dihydromyricetin (DHM), a natural flavonoid, was reported to exert anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory bioactivities. However, the effect of DHM on atherosclerosis-related pyroptosis has not been studied. In the present study, palmitic acid (PA) treatment led to pyroptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), as evidenced by caspase-1 activation, LDH release, and propidium iodide-positive staining; enhanced the maturation and release of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome; and markedly increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) levels. Moreover, NLRP3 siRNA transfection or treatment with inhibitors efficiently suppressed PA-induced pyroptosis, and pretreatment with total ROS scavenger or mtROS scavenger attenuated PA-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and subsequent pyroptosis. However, DHM pretreatment inhibited PA-induced pyroptotic cell death by increasing cell viability, decreasing LDH and IL-1β release, improving cell membrane integrity, and abolishing caspase-1 cleavage and subsequent IL-1β maturation. We also found that DHM pre-treatment remarkably reduced the levels of intracellular ROS and mtROS and activated the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Moreover, knockdown of Nrf2 by siRNA abrogated the inhibitory effects of DHM on ROS generation and subsequent PA-induced pyroptosis. Together, these results indicate that the Nrf2 signaling pathway plays a role, as least in part, in the DHM-mediated improvement in PA-induced pyroptosis in vascular endothelial cells, which implies the underlying medicinal value of DHM targeting immune/inflammatory-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis. © 2017 BioFactors, 44(2):123-136, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Hu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Research Center of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Research Center of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Yi
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Research Center of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Research Center of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Mantian Mi
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Research Center of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
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28
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Protective roles and mechanisms of Dendrobium officinal polysaccharides on secondary liver injury in acute colitis. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 107:2201-2210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Vomund S, Schäfer A, Parnham MJ, Brüne B, von Knethen A. Nrf2, the Master Regulator of Anti-Oxidative Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122772. [PMID: 29261130 PMCID: PMC5751370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 438] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight regulation of inflammation is very important to guarantee a balanced immune response without developing chronic inflammation. One of the major mediators of the resolution of inflammation is the transcription factor: the nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (Nrf2). Stabilized following oxidative stress, Nrf2 induces the expression of antioxidants as well as cytoprotective genes, which provoke an anti-inflammatory expression profile, and is crucial for the initiation of healing. In view of this fundamental modulatory role, it is clear that both hyper- or hypoactivation of Nrf2 contribute to the onset of chronic diseases. Understanding the tight regulation of Nrf2 expression/activation and its interaction with signaling pathways, known to affect inflammatory processes, will facilitate development of therapeutic approaches to prevent Nrf2 dysregulation and ameliorate chronic inflammatory diseases. We discuss in this review the principle mechanisms of Nrf2 regulation with a focus on inflammation and autophagy, extending the role of dysregulated Nrf2 to chronic diseases and tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Vomund
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Project Group Translational Medicine & Pharmacology TMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Anne Schäfer
- Institute of Biochemistry I-Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Michael J Parnham
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Project Group Translational Medicine & Pharmacology TMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Project Group Translational Medicine & Pharmacology TMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
- Institute of Biochemistry I-Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Andreas von Knethen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Project Group Translational Medicine & Pharmacology TMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
- Institute of Biochemistry I-Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
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Paeoniflorin inhibits VSMCs proliferation and migration by arresting cell cycle and activating HO-1 through MAPKs and NF-κB pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 54:103-111. [PMID: 29121532 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The proliferation, migration and inflammation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of atherosclerosis. Paeoniflorin (PF) as active compound in the Rhizoma Atractylodes macrocephala has been used for various diseases like cancer, splenic asthenia, anaphylaxis and anorexia. This study aimed to explore whether and how PF regulated the inflammation, proliferation and migration of VSMCs under ox-LDL stimulation. Here, we found that PF dose-dependently inhibited ox-LDL-induced VSMCs proliferation and migration, and decreased inflammatory cytokines and chemokine overexpression. Mechanistically, PF prevented p38, ERK1/2 and NF-κB phosphorylation, and arrested cell cycle in S phase. Meanwhile, PF regulated the HO-1 and PCNA expression. Furthermore, PF blocked the foam cell formation in macrophages induced by ox-LDL. These results indicate that PF antagonizes the ox-LDL-induced VSMCs proliferation, migration and inflammation through activation of HO-1, cell cycle arrest and then suppression of p38, ERK1/2/MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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31
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Ooi BK, Goh BH, Yap WH. Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Diseases: Involvement of Nrf2 Antioxidant Redox Signaling in Macrophage Foam Cells Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112336. [PMID: 29113088 PMCID: PMC5713305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an important risk factor contributing to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Oxidative stress that results from excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production accounts for impaired endothelial function, a process which promotes atherosclerotic lesion or fatty streaks formation (foam cells). Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor involved in cellular redox homeostasis. Upon exposure to oxidative stress, Nrf2 is dissociated from its inhibitor Keap-1 and translocated into the nucleus, where it results in the transcriptional activation of cell defense genes. Nrf2 has been demonstrated to be involved in the protection against foam cells formation by regulating the expression of antioxidant proteins (HO-1, Prxs, and GPx1), ATP-binding cassette (ABC) efflux transporters (ABCA1 and ABCG1) and scavenger receptors (scavenger receptor class B (CD36), scavenger receptor class A (SR-A) and lectin-type oxidized LDL receptor (LOX-1)). However, Nrf2 has also been reported to exhibit pro-atherogenic effects. A better understanding on the mechanism of Nrf2 in oxidative stress-induced cardiac injury, as well as the regulation of cholesterol uptake and efflux, are required before it can serve as a novel therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bee Kee Ooi
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Bey Hing Goh
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Wei Hsum Yap
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia.
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Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Diseases: Involvement of Nrf2 Antioxidant Redox Signaling in Macrophage Foam Cells Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2017. [PMID: 29113088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112336.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an important risk factor contributing to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Oxidative stress that results from excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production accounts for impaired endothelial function, a process which promotes atherosclerotic lesion or fatty streaks formation (foam cells). Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor involved in cellular redox homeostasis. Upon exposure to oxidative stress, Nrf2 is dissociated from its inhibitor Keap-1 and translocated into the nucleus, where it results in the transcriptional activation of cell defense genes. Nrf2 has been demonstrated to be involved in the protection against foam cells formation by regulating the expression of antioxidant proteins (HO-1, Prxs, and GPx1), ATP-binding cassette (ABC) efflux transporters (ABCA1 and ABCG1) and scavenger receptors (scavenger receptor class B (CD36), scavenger receptor class A (SR-A) and lectin-type oxidized LDL receptor (LOX-1)). However, Nrf2 has also been reported to exhibit pro-atherogenic effects. A better understanding on the mechanism of Nrf2 in oxidative stress-induced cardiac injury, as well as the regulation of cholesterol uptake and efflux, are required before it can serve as a novel therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases prevention and treatment.
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Mildenberger J, Johansson I, Sergin I, Kjøbli E, Damås JK, Razani B, Flo TH, Bjørkøy G. N-3 PUFAs induce inflammatory tolerance by formation of KEAP1-containing SQSTM1/p62-bodies and activation of NFE2L2. Autophagy 2017; 13:1664-1678. [PMID: 28820283 PMCID: PMC5640206 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1345411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is crucial in the defense against infections but must be tightly controlled to limit detrimental hyperactivation. Our diet influences inflammatory processes and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) have known anti-inflammatory effects. The balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory processes is coordinated by macrophages and macroautophagy/autophagy has recently emerged as a cellular process that dampens inflammation. Here we report that the n-3 PUFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) transiently induces cytosolic speckles of the autophagic receptor SQSTM1/p62 (sequestosome 1) (described as SQSTM1/p62-bodies) in macrophages. We suggest that the formation of SQSTM1/p62-bodies represents a fast mechanism of NFE2L2/Nrf2 (nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2) activation by recruitment of KEAP1 (kelch like ECH associated protein 1). Further, the autophagy receptor TAX1BP1 (Tax1 binding protein 1) and ubiquitin-editing enzyme TNFAIP3/A20 (TNF α induced protein 3) could be identified in DHA-induced SQSTM1/p62-bodies. Simultaneously, DHA strongly dampened the induction of pro-inflammatory genes including CXCL10 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10) and we suggest that formation of SQSTM1/p62-bodies and activation of NFE2L2 leads to tolerance towards selective inflammatory stimuli. Finally, reduced CXCL10 levels were related to the improved clinical outcome in n-3 PUFA-supplemented heart-transplant patients and we propose CXCL10 as a robust marker for the clinical benefits mobilized by n-3 PUFA supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Mildenberger
- a Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim , Norway.,b Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences , Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim , Norway
| | - Ida Johansson
- a Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim , Norway
| | - Ismail Sergin
- d Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - Eli Kjøbli
- b Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences , Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim , Norway
| | - Jan Kristian Damås
- a Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim , Norway.,c Department of Infectious Diseases , St Olav University Hospital , Trondheim , Norway
| | - Babak Razani
- d Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA.,e Department of Pathology & Immunology , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - Trude Helen Flo
- a Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim , Norway
| | - Geir Bjørkøy
- a Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim , Norway.,b Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences , Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim , Norway
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Jongstra-Bilen J, Zhang CX, Wisnicki T, Li MK, White-Alfred S, Ilaalagan R, Ferri DM, Deonarain A, Wan MH, Hyduk SJ, Cummins CL, Cybulsky MI. Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Loading of Macrophages Downregulates TLR-Induced Proinflammatory Responses in a Gene-Specific and Temporal Manner through Transcriptional Control. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:2149-2157. [PMID: 28784845 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a key risk factor for atherosclerosis and leads to the uptake of native and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) by macrophages (Mϕs) and foam cell formation. Inflammatory processes accompany Mϕ foam cell formation in the artery wall, yet the relationship between Mϕ lipid loading and their response to inflammatory stimuli remains elusive. We investigated proinflammatory gene expression in thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal Mϕs, bone marrow-derived Mϕs and dendritic cells, and RAW264.7 cells. Loading with oxLDL did not induce peritoneal Mϕ apoptosis or modulate basal-level expression of proinflammatory genes. Upon stimulation of TLR4, the rapid induction of IFN-β was inhibited in cells loaded with oxLDL, whereas the induction of other proinflammatory genes by TLR4 (LPS), TLR3 (polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid), TLR2 (Pam3CSK4), and TLR9 (CpG) remained comparable within the first 2 h. Subsequently, the expression of a subset of proinflammatory genes (e.g., IL-1β, IL-6, CCL5) was reduced in oxLDL-loaded cells at the level of transcription. This phenomenon was partially dependent on NF erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) but not on nuclear liver X receptors α and β (LXRα,β), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), and activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3). LPS-induced NF-κB reporter activity and intracellular signaling by NF-κB and MAPK pathways were comparable in oxLDL-loaded Mϕs, yet the binding of p65/RelA (the prototypic NF-κB family member) was reduced at IL-6 and CCL5 promoters. This study revealed that oxLDL loading of Mϕs negatively regulates transcription at late stages of TLR-induced proinflammatory gene expression and implicates epigenetic mechanisms such as histone deacetylase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Jongstra-Bilen
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada; .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; and
| | - Cindy X Zhang
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; and
| | - Timothy Wisnicki
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; and
| | - Mengyi K Li
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Samantha White-Alfred
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Ragave Ilaalagan
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Dario M Ferri
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; and
| | - Ashley Deonarain
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; and
| | - Mark H Wan
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Sharon J Hyduk
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Carolyn L Cummins
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Myron I Cybulsky
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; and
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Cell responses to cariogenic microorganisms and dental resin materials—Crosstalk at the dentin-pulp interface? Dent Mater 2017; 33:514-524. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Yang J, Zhao X, Tang M, Li L, Lei Y, Cheng P, Guo W, Zheng Y, Wang W, Luo N, Peng Y, Tong A, Wei Y, Nie C, Yuan Z. The role of ROS and subsequent DNA-damage response in PUMA-induced apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:23492-23506. [PMID: 28423586 PMCID: PMC5410321 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PUMA is a member of the "BH3-only" branch of the BCL-2 family. Our previous study suggests a therapeutic potential of PUMA in treating ovarian cancer, however, the action mechanism of PUMA remains elusive. In this work, we found that in PUMA adenovirus-infected A2780s ovarian cancer cells, exogenous PUMA was partially accumulated in the cytosol and mainly located to the mitochondria. We further showed that PUMA induces mitochondrial dysfunction-mediated apoptosis and ROS generation through functional BAX in a ROS generating enzyme- and caspase-independent manner irrespective of their p53 status, and results in activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Furthermore, PUMA induces DNA breaks in γ-H2AX staining, and causes activation of DNA damage-related kinases including ATM, ATR, DNA-PKcs, Chk1 and Chk2, which are correlated with the apoptosis. PUMA also results in ROS-triggered JNK activation. Intriguingly, JNK plays a dual role in both DNA damage response and apoptosis, and has an additional contribution to apoptosis. Taken together, we have provided new insight into the action mechanism by which elevated PUMA first induces ROS generation then results in DNA damage response and JNK activation, ultimately contributing to apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mei Tang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lei Li
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Lei
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ping Cheng
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wenhao Guo
- 2 Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Wang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Na Luo
- 3 Nankai University, School of Medicine/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yong Peng
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Aiping Tong
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chunlai Nie
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhu Yuan
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Tian Y, Li Z, Shen B, Wu L, Han L, Zhang Q, Feng H. The protective effects of Shikonin on lipopolysaccharide/d-galactosamine-induced acute liver injury via inhibiting MAPK and NF-κB and activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra03291a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Shikonin (SHK) has various biological and pharmacological activities, including anticancer, antibacterial and anti-inflammation activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis
- Ministry of Education
- College of Veterinary Medicine
- Jilin University
- Changchun
| | - Zheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis
- Ministry of Education
- College of Veterinary Medicine
- Jilin University
- Changchun
| | - Bingyu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis
- Ministry of Education
- College of Veterinary Medicine
- Jilin University
- Changchun
| | - Lin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis
- Ministry of Education
- College of Veterinary Medicine
- Jilin University
- Changchun
| | - Lu Han
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis
- Ministry of Education
- College of Veterinary Medicine
- Jilin University
- Changchun
| | - Qiaoling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis
- Ministry of Education
- College of Veterinary Medicine
- Jilin University
- Changchun
| | - Haihua Feng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis
- Ministry of Education
- College of Veterinary Medicine
- Jilin University
- Changchun
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Ahmed SMU, Luo L, Namani A, Wang XJ, Tang X. Nrf2 signaling pathway: Pivotal roles in inflammation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1863:585-597. [PMID: 27825853 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1135] [Impact Index Per Article: 141.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is the most common feature of many chronic diseases and complications, while playing critical roles in carcinogenesis. Several studies have demonstrated that Nrf2 contributes to the anti-inflammatory process by orchestrating the recruitment of inflammatory cells and regulating gene expression through the antioxidant response element (ARE). The Keap1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein)/Nrf2 (NF-E2 p45-related factor 2)/ARE signaling pathway mainly regulates anti-inflammatory gene expression and inhibits the progression of inflammation. Therefore, the identification of new Nrf2-dependent anti-inflammatory phytochemicals has become a key point in drug discovery. In this review, we discuss the members of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signal pathway and its downstream genes, the effects of this pathway on animal models of inflammatory diseases, and crosstalk with the NF-κB pathway. In addition we also discuss about the regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome by Nrf2. Besides this, we summarize the current scenario of the development of anti-inflammatory phytochemicals and others that mediate the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Minhaj Uddin Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Lin Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Akhileshwar Namani
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Xiu Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Xiuwen Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
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Myeloperoxidase-Oxidized LDLs Enhance an Anti-Inflammatory M2 and Antioxidant Phenotype in Murine Macrophages. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:8249476. [PMID: 27656049 PMCID: PMC5021486 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8249476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages and oxidized LDLs play a key role in atherogenesis but their heterogeneity has been neglected up to now. Macrophages are prone to polarization and subsets of polarized macrophages have been described in atheromas. LDLs can be oxidized not only chemically by copper (Ox-LDLs) but also enzymatically by myeloperoxidase (MpOx-LDLs) resulting in oxidized LDLs poor in lipid peroxides. The effects of physiologically relevant myeloperoxidase-oxidized LDLs on macrophage polarization or on polarized macrophages remain largely unknown. In this study, the effects of LDLs on macrophage polarization were investigated by monitoring the expression of M1 and M2 genes following stimulation with native LDLs, Ox-LDLs, or MpOx-LDLs in RAW 264.7 cells. Except for MRC1, which is induced only by Ox-LDLs, MpOx-LDLs induced an overexpression of most of the selected marker genes at the mRNA level. MpOx-LDLs also modulate marker gene expression in polarized macrophages favoring notably anti-inflammatory Arg1 expression in M2 cells and also in the other phenotypes. Noteworthy, MpOx-LDLs were the most efficient to accumulate lipids intracellularly in (un)polarized macrophages whatever the phenotype. These data were largely confirmed in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages. Our data suggest that MpOx-LDLs were the most efficient to accumulate within cells and to enhance an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant phenotype in M2 cells and also in the other macrophage phenotypes.
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Abstract
Atherosclerosis is responsible for most cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is caused by several factors including hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and chronic inflammation. Oxidants and electrophiles have roles in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and the concentrations of these reactive molecules are an important factor in disease initiation and progression. Overactive NADPH oxidase (Nox) produces excess superoxide resulting in oxidized macromolecules, which is an important factor in atherogenesis. Although superoxide and reactive oxygen species (ROS) have obvious toxic properties, they also have fundamental roles in signaling pathways that enable cells to adapt to stress. In addition to inflammation and ROS, the endocannabinoid system (eCB) is also important in atherogenesis. Linkages have been postulated between the eCB system, Nox, oxidative stress, and atherosclerosis. For instance, CB2 receptor-evoked signaling has been shown to upregulate anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative pathways, whereas CB1 signaling appears to induce opposite effects. The second messenger lipid molecule diacylglycerol is implicated in the regulation of Nox activity and diacylglycerol lipase β (DAGLβ) is a key biosynthetic enzyme in the biosynthesis eCB ligand 2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG). Furthermore, Nrf2 is a vital transcription factor that protects against the cytotoxic effects of both oxidant and electrophile stress. This review will highlight the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in intracellular signaling and the impact of deregulated ROS-mediated signaling in atherogenesis. In addition, there is also emerging knowledge that the eCB system has an important role in atherogenesis. We will attempt to integrate oxidative stress and the eCB system into a conceptual framework that provides insights into this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew K. Ross
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-662-325-5482; Fax: +1-662-325-1031
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Mimura J, Itoh K. Role of Nrf2 in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 88:221-232. [PMID: 26117321 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the vascular arterial walls. A number of studies have revealed the biological and genetic bases of atherosclerosis, and over 100 genes influence atherosclerosis development. Nrf2 plays an important role in oxidative stress response and drug metabolism, but the Nrf2 signaling pathway is closely associated with atherosclerosis development. During atherosclerosis progression, Nrf2 signaling modulates many physiological and pathophysiological processes, such as lipid homeostasis regulation, foam cell formation, macrophage polarization, redox regulation and inflammation. Interestingly, Nrf2 exhibits both pro- and anti-atherogenic effects in experimental animal models. These observations make the Nrf2 pathway a promising target to prevent atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsei Mimura
- Department of Stress Response Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Ken Itoh
- Department of Stress Response Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
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Song MG, Ryoo IG, Choi HY, Choi BH, Kim ST, Heo TH, Lee JY, Park PH, Kwak MK. NRF2 Signaling Negatively Regulates Phorbol-12-Myristate-13-Acetate (PMA)-Induced Differentiation of Human Monocytic U937 Cells into Pro-Inflammatory Macrophages. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26222138 PMCID: PMC4519053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood monocytes are recruited to injured tissue sites and differentiate into macrophages, which protect against pathogens and repair damaged tissues. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to be an important contributor to monocytes’ differentiation and macrophages’ function. NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2), a transcription factor regulating cellular redox homeostasis, is known to be a critical modulator of inflammatory responses. We herein investigated the role of NRF2 in macrophage differentiation using the human monocytic U937 cell line and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA). In U937 cells with NRF2 silencing, PMA-stimulated cell adherence was significantly facilitated when compared to control U937 cells. Both transcript and protein levels for pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukine-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) were highly elevated in PMA-stimulated NRF2-silenced U937 compared to the control. In addition, PMA-inducible secretion of monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) was significantly high in NRF2-silenced U937. As an underlying mechanism, we showed that NRF2-knockdown U937 retained high levels of cellular ROS and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers expression; and subsequently, PMA-stimulated levels of Ca2+ and PKCα were greater in NRF2-knockdown U937 cells, which caused enhanced nuclear accumulation of nuclear factor-ҡB (NFҡB) p50 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-1/2 phosphorylation. Whereas the treatment of NRF2-silenced U937 cells with pharmacological inhibitors of NFҡB or ERK1/2 largely blocked PMA-induced IL-1β and IL-6 expression, indicating that these pathways are associated with cell differentiation. Taken together, our results suggest that the NRF2 system functions to suppress PMA-stimulated U937 cell differentiation into pro-inflammatory macrophages and provide evidence that the ROS-PKCα-ERK-NFҡB axis is involved in PMA-facilitated differentiation of NRF2-silenced U937 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-gu Song
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 712–749, Republic of Korea
| | - In-geun Ryoo
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 420–743, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-young Choi
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 420–743, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-hyun Choi
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 420–743, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Tae Kim
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Sungnam, Gyeonggi-do 463–707, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hwe Heo
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 420–743, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 420–743, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil-Hoon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 712–749, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyoung Kwak
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 420–743, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Lee SJ, Seo KW, Kim CD. LPS Increases 5-LO Expression on Monocytes via an Activation of Akt-Sp1/NF-κB Pathways. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 19:263-8. [PMID: 25954132 PMCID: PMC4422967 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2015.19.3.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) plays a pivotal role in the progression of atherosclerosis. Therefore, this study investigated the molecular mechanisms involved in 5-LO expression on monocytes induced by LPS. Stimulation of THP-1 monocytes with LPS (0~3 µg/ml) increased 5-LO promoter activity and 5-LO protein expression in a concentration-dependent manner. LPS-induced 5-LO expression was blocked by pharmacological inhibition of the Akt pathway, but not by inhibitors of MAPK pathways including the ERK, JNK, and p38 MAPK pathways. In line with these results, LPS increased the phosphorylation of Akt, suggesting a role for the Akt pathway in LPS-induced 5-LO expression. In a promoter activity assay conducted to identify transcription factors, both Sp1 and NF-κB were found to play central roles in 5-LO expression in LPS-treated monocytes. The LPS-enhanced activities of Sp1 and NF-κB were attenuated by an Akt inhibitor. Moreover, the LPS-enhanced phosphorylation of Akt was significantly attenuated in cells pretreated with an anti-TLR4 antibody. Taken together, 5-LO expression in LPS-stimulated monocytes is regulated at the transcriptional level via TLR4/Akt-mediated activations of Sp1 and NF-κB pathways in monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Jin Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and BK21 Medical Science Education Center, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Kyo Won Seo
- Department of Pharmacology and BK21 Medical Science Education Center, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Chi Dae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and BK21 Medical Science Education Center, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
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RETRACTED: Macrophage phenotypic plasticity in atherosclerosis: The associated features and the peculiarities of the expression of inflammatory genes. Int J Cardiol 2015; 184:436-445. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Park JM, Han YM, Lee JS, Ko KH, Hong SP, Kim EH, Hahm KB. Nrf2-mediated mucoprotective and anti-inflammatory actions of Artemisia extracts led to attenuate stress related mucosal damages. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2014; 56:132-42. [PMID: 25759519 PMCID: PMC4345182 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.14-76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare biological actions between isopropanol and ethanol extracts of Artemisia including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective actions. Antioxidant activities were evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and confocal microscopy on lipopolysaccharide-induced RGM1 cells, cytoprotection effects evaluated by detecting heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), Nf-E2 related factor2 (Nrf2) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and anti-inflammatory effects investigated by measuring inflammatory mediators. Water immersion restraint stress was imposed to provoke stress related mucosal damages (SRMD) in rats. Isopropanol extracts of Artemisia showed the higher DPPH radical scavenging activity and lesser LPS-induced reactive oxygen species productions and increased HO-1 expression through increased nuclear translocation of Nrf2 transcription factor compared to ethanol extracts. The increased expression of HSP70 and decreased expression of endothelin-1 were only increased with isopropanol extracts. A concentration-dependent inhibition of LPS-induced COX-2 and iNOS even at a rather lower concentration than ethanol extract was achieved with isopropanol extracts. Cytokine protein array revealed Artemisia extracts significantly attenuated the levels of CXCL-1, CXCL-16, and MCP-1. These orchestrated actions led to significant rescue from SRMD. Conclusively, Artemisia extracts imposed significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity against SRMD and isopropanol extracts were superior to ethanol extracts in these beneficiary actions of Artemisia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Min Park
- CHA Cancer Prevention Research Center, CHA University, 605 Yeoksam 1-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-081, Korea
| | - Young-Min Han
- CHA Cancer Prevention Research Center, CHA University, 605 Yeoksam 1-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-081, Korea
| | - Jin-Seok Lee
- Jeil pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Seoul 137-041, Korea
| | - Kwang Hyun Ko
- Digestive Disease Center, CHA University Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam 463-838, Korea
| | - Sung-Pyo Hong
- Digestive Disease Center, CHA University Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam 463-838, Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Kim
- CHA Cancer Prevention Research Center, CHA University, 605 Yeoksam 1-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-081, Korea
| | - Ki-Baik Hahm
- CHA Cancer Prevention Research Center, CHA University, 605 Yeoksam 1-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-081, Korea ; Digestive Disease Center, CHA University Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam 463-838, Korea
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Uitz E, Bahadori B, McCarty MF, Moghadasian MH. Practical strategies for modulating foam cell formation and behavior. World J Clin Cases 2014; 2:497-506. [PMID: 25325059 PMCID: PMC4198401 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v2.i10.497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although high density lipoprotein (HDL)-mediated reverse cholesterol transport is crucial to the prevention and reversal of atheroma, a recent meta-analysis makes evident that current pharmaceutical strategies for modulating HDL cholesterol levels lower cardiovascular risk only to the extent that they concurrently decrease low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. This corresponds well with findings of a recent Mendelian randomization analysis, in which genetic polymorphisms associated with HDL cholesterol but no other known cardiovascular risk factors failed to predict risk for myocardial infarction. Although it is still seems appropriate to search for therapies that could improve the efficiency with which HDL particles induce reverse cholesterol transport, targeting HDL cholesterol levels per se with current measures appears to be futile. It may therefore be more promising to promote reverse cholesterol transport with agents that directly target foam cells. Macrophage expression of the cholesterol transport proteins adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter A1, adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter G1, and scavenger receptor class B member 1 is transcriptionally up-regulated by activated liver X receptors (LXR), whereas nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB antagonizes their expression. Taurine, which inhibits atherogenesis in rodent studies, has just been discovered to act as a weak agonist for LXRalpha. Conversely, it may be possible to oppose NF-kappaB activation in macrophages with a range of measures. Induction of heme oxygenase-1, which can be attained with phase 2 inducer phytochemicals such as lipoic acid and green tea catechins, promotes reverse cholesterol transport in macrophages and inhibits atherogenesis in rodents, likely due to, in large part, NF-kappaB antagonism. Inhibition of macrophage nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity with the spirulina-derived bilirubin-mimetic phycocyanobilin may also oppose NF-kappaB activation, and salicylic acid similarly should be useful for this purpose. The 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activator berberine promotes macrophage reverse cholesterol transport in cell culture; metformin probably shares this property. Many of these measures could also be expected to promote plaque stability by suppressing foam cell production of inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases, and to reduce intimal monocyte infiltration by anti-inflammatory effects on vascular endothelium. Direct targeting of foam cells with agents such as phase 2 inducers, spirulina, salicylate, taurine, and berberine or metformin, may hence have considerable potential for preventing and reversing atheroma, and for preventing the plaque rupture that triggers vascular thrombosis.
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Duan X, Liu D, Xing X, Li J, Zhao S, Nie H, Zhang Y, Sun G, Li B. Tert-butylhydroquinone as a phenolic activator of Nrf2 antagonizes arsenic-induced oxidative cytotoxicity but promotes arsenic methylation and detoxication in human hepatocyte cell line. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 160:294-302. [PMID: 24970285 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays crucial roles in exerting a variety of damages upon arsenic exposure. Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is a master transcriptional regulator protecting cells and tissues from oxidative injuries. The objective of this study was to test whether tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), a well-known synthetic Nrf2 inducer, could protect human hepatocytes against arsenic-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative injuries. Our results showed that 5 and 25 μmol/l tBHQ pretreatment suppressed the arsenic-induced hepatocellular cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species generation, and hepatic lipid peroxidation, while relieved the arsenic-induced disturbances of intracellular glutathione balance. In addition, we also observed that tBHQ treatment promoted the arsenic biomethylation process and upregulated Nrf2-regulated downstream heme oxygenase-1 and NADPH: quinine oxidoreductase 1 mRNA expressions. Collectively, we suspected that Nrf2 signaling pathway may be involved in the protective effects of tBHQ against arsenic invasion in hepatocytes. These data suggest that phenolic Nrf2 inducers, such as tBHQ, represent novel therapeutic or dietary candidates for the population at high risk of arsenic poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Duan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Arsenic-Related Biological Effects and Prevention and Treatment in Liaoning Province, School of Public Health, China Medical University, 92 North 2nd Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
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Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are deadly weapons used by phagocytes and other cell types, such as lung epithelial cells, against pathogens. ROS can kill pathogens directly by causing oxidative damage to biocompounds or indirectly by stimulating pathogen elimination by various nonoxidative mechanisms, including pattern recognition receptors signaling, autophagy, neutrophil extracellular trap formation, and T-lymphocyte responses. Thus, one should expect that the inhibition of ROS production promote infection. Increasing evidences support that in certain particular infections, antioxidants decrease and prooxidants increase pathogen burden. In this study, we review the classic infections that are controlled by ROS and the cases in which ROS appear as promoters of infection, challenging the paradigm. We discuss the possible mechanisms by which ROS could promote particular infections. These mechanisms are still not completely clear but include the metabolic effects of ROS on pathogen physiology, ROS-induced damage to the immune system, and ROS-induced activation of immune defense mechanisms that are subsequently hijacked by particular pathogens to act against more effective microbicidal mechanisms of the immune system. The effective use of antioxidants as therapeutic agents against certain infections is a realistic possibility that is beginning to be applied against viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia N Paiva
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Microbiologia , CCS Bloco D, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Hošek J, Toniolo A, Neuwirth O, Bolego C. Prenylated and geranylated flavonoids increase production of reactive oxygen species in mouse macrophages but inhibit the inflammatory response. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2013; 76:1586-91. [PMID: 23947936 DOI: 10.1021/np400242e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, four prenylated and geranylated flavonoids, cudraflavone B (1), pomiferin (2), osajin (3), and diplacone (4), were tested for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and to identify any potential relationships between chemical structure and antioxidant or anti-inflammatory properties. The selected flavonoids were examined in cell-free models to prove their ability to scavenge superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and hypochlorous acid. Further, the ability of the flavonoids to influence the formation of reactive oxygen species in the murine macrophage cell line J774.A1 was tested in the presence and absence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The ability of flavonoids to inhibit LPS-induced IκB-α degradation and COX-2 expression was used as a model for the inflammatory response. The present results indicated that the antioxidant activity was dependent on the chemical structure, where the catechol moiety is especially crucial for this effect. The most potent antioxidant activities in cell-free models were observed for diplacone (4), whereas cudraflavone B (1) and osajin (3) showed a pro-oxidant effect in J774.A1 cells. All flavonoids tested were able to inhibit IκB-α degradation, but only diplacone (4) also down-regulated COX-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hošek
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno , Palackého tř. 1/3, CZ 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
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Ma L, Liu X, Zhao Y, Chen B, Li X, Qi R. Ginkgolide B reduces LOX-1 expression by inhibiting Akt phosphorylation and increasing Sirt1 expression in oxidized LDL-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74769. [PMID: 24069345 PMCID: PMC3775799 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) is an important risk factor in the development of atherosclerosis. LOX-1, a lectin-like receptor for ox-LDL, is present primarily on endothelial cells and upregulated by ox-LDL, tumor necrosis factor a, shear stress, and cytokines in atherosclerosis. Recent studies demonstrated that ginkgolide B, a platelet-activating factor receptor antagonist, has antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects on endothelial and nerve cells. The present study investigated the effects of ginkgolide B on LOX-1 expression and the possible mechanism of action. Our results showed that ginkgolide B inhibited LOX-1 and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in ox-LDL-stimulated endothelial cells through a mechanism associated with the attenuation of Akt activation. Similar data were obtained by silencing Akt and LY294002. We also evaluated Sirt1 and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression. These molecules play a protective role in endothelial cell injury. The results showed that ginkgolide B increased Sirt1 expression in ox-LDL-treated cells. The inhibitory effects of ginkgolide B on LOX-1 and ICAM-1 expression were reduced in Sirt1 siRNA-transfected cells. Nrf2 expression was increased in ox-LDL-treated cells, and ginkgolide B downregulated Nrf2 expression. These results suggest that ginkgolide B reduces Nrf2 expression by inhibiting LOX-1 expression, consequently reducing oxidative stress injury in ox-LDL-stimulated cells. Altogether, these results indicate that the protective effect of ginkgolide B on endothelial cells may be attributable to a decrease in LOX-1 expression and an increase in Sirt1 expression in ox-LDL-stimulated endothelial cells, the mechanism of which is linked to the inhibition of Akt activation. Ginkgolide B may be a multiple-target drug that exerts protective effects in ox-LDL-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xueqing Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yanyang Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Beidong Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xingguang Li
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ruomei Qi
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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