1
|
Wu J, Deng X, Sun Y, Li J, Dai H, Qi S, Huang Y, Sun W. Aged oolong tea alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice by modulating the gut microbiota and its metabolites. Food Chem X 2024; 21:101102. [PMID: 38268839 PMCID: PMC10805651 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.101102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, the mechanism of aged oolong tea (AOT) to alleviate colitis was investigated in terms of microbiome, metabolome, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). AOT storage period could alleviate colitis in mice and there were some differences in AOT between storage periods, especially AOT-10. AOT improves UC by modulating oxidative stress and inflammatory factors and upregulating intestinal tight junction protein expression (Occludin, Claudin-1, ZO-1 and MUC2), which is associated with the recovery of gut microbiota. FMT and targeted metabolomics further demonstrate that the anti-inflammatory effects of AOT can reshape the gut microbiota through faecal bacterial transfer. Anti-inflammatory effects are exerted through the stimulation of metabolic pathways associated with amino acid, fatty acid and bile acid metabolites. Importantly, the study identified key bacteria (e.g., Sutterella, Clostridiaceae_Clostridium, Mucispirillum, Oscillospira and Ruminococcus) for the development and remission of inflammation. Conclusively, AOT may have great potential in the future adjuvant treatment of colitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xuming Deng
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yue Sun
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Haomin Dai
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Siyu Qi
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Anxi College of Tea Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Weijiang Sun
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Aydemir ME, Takım K, Yılmaz MA. Characterization of phenolic components of black teas of different origins and the effect of brewing duration on quality properties. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:494-507. [PMID: 38268896 PMCID: PMC10804100 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This research aims to identify the phytochemical constituents of 79 different samples of black tea, including varieties from India, Iran (IrT), Turkey (TT), and Sri Lanka. In addition, this study investigates the effect of varying brewing times on the quality characteristics of tea. Therefore, we analyzed the phytochemical content of tea using a novel LC-MS/MS method that we developed, which identifies 53 different phenolic compounds. Furthermore, objective evaluations were conducted on the total phenolic compound, total flavonoid compound, antioxidant activity, and color values at 15, 30, and 60-min brewing intervals. The prevailing phenolic compounds discovered in the corresponding tea classifications were quantitatively analyzed to be quinic acid, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin gallate, epicatechin, epigallocatechin, gallic acid, nicotiflorine, and isoquercitrin. The study found that the TT and IrT groups had the richest phytochemical content and the highest antioxidant activity. The Turkish tea group had the highest measurement for the desired red color, which is considered a sensory property. Infusion color, antioxidant activity, and total phenolic and flavonoid contents showed significant increases with prolonged brewing time. It was important to note that the chemical composition of tea varies according to its origin and brewing conditions. Extending the brewing time improved the quality of the tea. It should be noted, however, that longer brewing times result in a more intense release of flavonoids, and this increase may have a pro-oxidant effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Emin Aydemir
- Department of Basic Sciences of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineHarran UniversityŞanlıurfaTurkey
| | - Kasım Takım
- Department of Veterinary Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineHarran UniversityŞanlıurfaTurkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhou J, He C, Qin M, Luo Q, Jiang X, Zhu J, Qiu L, Yu Z, Zhang D, Chen Y, Ni D. Characterizing and Decoding the Effects of Different Fermentation Levels on Key Aroma Substances of Congou Black Tea by Sensomics. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:14706-14719. [PMID: 37752697 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Fermentation is the key technology for black tea aroma formation. The key aroma substances of black tea at different fermentation stages (unfermented (WDY), underfermented (F1H), fully fermented (F4H), and overfermented (F8H)) were characterized by the methodology of Sensomics. Aroma extract dilution analysis was performed on volatile fractions extracted by using solvent-assisted flavor evaporation and solid-phase microextraction, yielding 93 odor-active areas. Internal standard method plus stable isotope dilution analysis was used for quantitative analysis. The omission experiment identified 23 aroma substances. Further reduction and addition experiments revealed phenylacetaldehyde, (E,E)-2,4-heptadienal, geraniol, linalool, β-damascenone, 2-methylbutyraldehyde, dimethyl sulfide, and isovaleraldehyde with odor activity values (OAV) > 100 as the characteristic aroma components of F4H and also as the main contributors to aroma differences between different fermentation degrees. The green odor of (E,E)-2,4-heptadienal was highlighted in WDY and F1H relative to that in F4H due to the lower contribution of phenylacetaldehyde and β-damascenone in the former two samples. Additionally, excessive OAV increase of fatty aldehydes in F8H masked its similar floral and fruity aroma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingtao Zhou
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Fruit and Vegetable Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Chang He
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Fruit and Vegetable Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Muxue Qin
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Fruit and Vegetable Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Qianqian Luo
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Fruit and Vegetable Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xinfeng Jiang
- Jiangxi Sericulture and Tea Research Institute, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330202, China
| | - Junyu Zhu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Fruit and Vegetable Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Li Qiu
- Lichuan Xingdoushan Black Tea Co., Ltd, Lichuan, Hubei 445000, China
| | - Zhi Yu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Fruit and Vegetable Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - De Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Fruit and Vegetable Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yuqiong Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Fruit and Vegetable Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Dejiang Ni
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Fruit and Vegetable Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Datta S, Bishayee A, Sinha D. Black tea bioactive phytoconstituents realign NRF2 for anticancer activity in lung adenocarcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1176819. [PMID: 37305533 PMCID: PMC10247968 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1176819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Constitutive activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is pivotal in bestowing therapy resistance in cancer cells. Several phytochemicals have been reported with the potential of modulating NRF2. Therefore, it was hypothesized that NRF2-deregulated chemoresistance in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) may be counteracted by theaflavin-rich black tea (BT). A non-responsive LUAD cell line, A549, was the best sensitized towards cisplatin upon pre-treatment with BT. BT-mediated NRF2 reorientation was observed to be dependent on concentration and duration of treatment as well as on the mutational profile of NRF2 in A549 cells. Transient exposure of low-concentration BT hormetically downregulated NRF2, its downstream antioxidants, and drug transporter. BT also influenced the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein (KEAP1)-dependent cullin 3 (Cul3) and KEAP-1-independent signaling through epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) - rat sarcoma virus (RAS) - rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (RAF) - extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK) - matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9. The realignment of NRF2 in KEAP1-suppressed A549 cells enhanced the chemotherapeutic outcome. But a higher concentration of the same BT surprisingly upregulated NRF2 and its transcriptional targets with a subsequent decrease in the NRF2-regulatory machinery in NCI-H23 cells (a KEAP1-overexpressed LUAD cell line), ultimately resulting in a better anticancer response. The BT-mediated bidirectional NRF2 modulation was reconfirmed upon comparison with the action of a pharmacological NRF2 inhibitor, ML-385, in A549 and a known NRF2 activator, tertiary-butylhydroquinone, in NCI-H23 respectively. BT-mediated regulation of NRF2-KEAP1 and their upstream networks (EGFR/RAS/RAF/ERK) sufficed as a better anticancer agent than synthetic NRF2 modulators. Therefore, BT may be indicated as a potent multi-modal small molecule for increasing drug responsiveness in LUAD cells by maintaining NRF2/KEAP1 axis at an optimum level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suchisnigdha Datta
- Department of Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, United States
| | - Dona Sinha
- Department of Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yao H, Su H, Ma J, Zheng J, He W, Wu C, Hou Z, Zhao R, Zhou Q. Widely targeted volatileomics analysis reveals the typical aroma formation of Xinyang black tea during fermentation. Food Res Int 2023; 164:112387. [PMID: 36737972 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Xinyang black tea (XYBT) is characterized by the honey sugar-like aroma which is produced during the fermentation process. However, the formation of this typical aroma is still unclear. We here performed widely targeted volatileomics analysis combined with GC-MS and detected 116 aroma active compounds (AACs) with OAV > 1. These AACs were mainly divided into terpenoids, pyrazine, volatile sulfur compounds, esters, and aldehydes. Among them, 25 significant differences AACs (SDAACs) with significant differences in fermentation processes were identified, comprising phenylacetaldehyde, dihydroactinidiolide, α-damascenone, β-ionone, methyl salicylate, and so forth. In addition, sensory descriptions and partial least squares discriminant analysis demonstrated that phenylacetaldehyde was identified as the key volatile for the honey sugar-like aroma. We further speculated that phenylacetaldehyde responsible for the aroma of XYBT was probably produced from the degradation of L-phenylalanine and styrene. In conclusion, this study helps us better understand the components and formation mechanism of the honey sugar-like aroma of XYBT, providing new insight into improving the processing techniques for black tea quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hengbin Yao
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Hui Su
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jingyi Ma
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Xinyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Wei He
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Chunlai Wu
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ziyan Hou
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Renliang Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Qiongqiong Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Effects of different acetic acid bacteria strains on the bioactive compounds, volatile compounds and antioxidant activity of black tea vinegar. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
7
|
Relationship between the Grade and the Characteristic Flavor of PCT (Panyong Congou Black Tea). Foods 2022; 11:foods11182815. [PMID: 36140943 PMCID: PMC9497606 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Panyong Congou black tea (PCT) is one of the most representative and historically famous Congou black teas in China and has been gaining more and more attention for its beneficial health properties. Currently, four grades of PCT are available, based on the raw leaf materials and consumer palatability. The chemical profiles distinguishing different grades of PCT are yet to be defined, nor has the relationship with grade been evaluated. In the present study, chemometric analysis showed that epigallocatechin (EGC), catechin (C), polyphenols, gallic acid (GA), and free amino acids are grade related bio-markers of PCT. These compounds are associated with the sweet and mellow aftertaste of PCT. A total of 34 volatile components were identified, of which the three component types with the highest relative percentages were alcohols (51.34–52.51%), ketones (27.31–30.28%), and aldehydes (12.70–13.18%). Additionally, our results revealed that sweet floral and fruity aromas were positively correlated with six volatile organic compounds (VOCs), 1-pentanol, propyl hexanoate, linalool, cyclohexanone, hexanal, and 2,5-dimethylpyrazine. Clear discrimination was achieved using orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The findings provide vital information on the characteristic flavor of each grade of PCT.
Collapse
|
8
|
|
9
|
Datta S, Ghosh S, Bishayee A, Sinha D. Flexion of Nrf2 by tea phytochemicals: A review on the chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic implications. Pharmacol Res 2022; 182:106319. [PMID: 35732198 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2 [NF-E2]-related factor 2 (Nrf2), the redox-sensitive transcription factor, plays a key role in stress-defense and detoxification. Nrf2 is tightly controlled by its negative regulator cum sensor Kelch-[ECH]-associated protein 1 (Keap1). Nrf2 is well known for its dual nature owing to its cancer preventive and cancer promoting abilities. Modulation of this biphasic nature of Nrf2 signaling by phytochemicals may be a potential cancer preventive and anticancer therapeutic strategy. Phytocompounds may either act as Nrf2-activator or Nrf2-inhibitor depending on their differential concentration and varied cellular environment. Tea is not just the most popular global beverage with innumerable health-benefits but has well-established chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effects. Various types of tea infusions contain a wide range of bioactive compounds, such as polyphenolic catechins and flavonols, which are endowed with potent antioxidant properties. Despite of their rapid biotransformation and poor bioavailability, regular tea consumption is risk-reductive for several cancer forms. Tea catechins show their dual Nrf2-modulatory effect by directly acting on Nrf2-Keap1 or their upstream regulators and downstream effectors in a highly case-specific manner. In this review, we have tried to present a comprehensive evaluation of the Nrf2-mediated chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic applications of tea in various preclinical cancer models, the Nrf2-modulatory mechanisms, and the limitations which need to be addressed in future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suchisnigdha Datta
- Department of Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata - 700 026, West Bengal, India
| | - Sukanya Ghosh
- Department of Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata - 700 026, West Bengal, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA.
| | - Dona Sinha
- Department of Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata - 700 026, West Bengal, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li J, Ma J, Zhang Y, Zheng L. Determination of 19 polyphenolic compounds in tea by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
11
|
Yuan D, Lin L, Peng Y, Zhou Y, Li L, Xiao W, Gong Z. Effects of black tea and black brick tea with fungal growth on lowering uric acid levels in hyperuricemic mice. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14140. [PMID: 35352364 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Black tea, a traditional drink, can induce urination and quench thirst. Black brick tea with fungal growth, prepared by steaming, pressing, inducing fungal growth, and drying the black tea, is a new type of black tea with different sensory qualities and is suitable for storage. However, the effects of black brick tea with fungal growth on lowering uric acid are still unexplored. Therefore, the potassium oxonate was administered for 7 consecutive days to establish the hyperuricemic mice. Then allopurinol, black tea, and black brick tea with fungal growth were orally administered with hyperuricemic mice for 14 days. Serum uric acid levels, liver xanthine oxidase (XOD) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activities, and expression of renal urate transporters and inflammatory response were detected. Compared to the model group, both types of black tea lowered serum uric acid by decreasing the uric acid production with inhibiting the activities of XOD and ADA, and increasing uric acid excretion because of downregulating urate transporter 1 (URAT1) and glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9) expressions, and upregulating organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1), organic anion transporter 3 (OAT3), and organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1) expressions. They could also improve renal injury by suppressing the activation of the NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling, thereby reducing renal proinflammatory cytokine levels. Compared with black tea, black brick tea with fungal growth with a higher content of theabrownins had a better effect on lowering serum uric acid. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Black tea accounts for approximately 78% of the total consumed tea in the world. Black brick tea with fungal growth is a new kind of black tea product with different sensory qualities and is suitable for storage. The study found that black brick tea with fungal growth is superior to black tea in reducing serum uric acid levels, which make a significant contribution to promote people's health and stimulate the production and consumption of black brick tea with fungal growth. In addition, it provides a clue for future research to identify the effective components of black brick tea with fungal growth lowering uric acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongyin Yuan
- Key Lab of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Nanning, China.,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Key Lab of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingqi Peng
- Key Lab of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Lab of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Li
- Hunan Baojiachong Tea Farm Co. Ltd., Yiyang, China
| | - Wenjun Xiao
- Key Lab of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhihua Gong
- Key Lab of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Han H, Ke L, Wang H, Gao G, zhang Y, Rao P, Zhou J, Tirosh O, Schwartz B. Incidental Nanoparticles in Black Tea Infusion: Carriers of Bioactives Fortifying Protection on Intestinal Mucosal Cells Against Oxidative Stresses. FOOD BIOPHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11483-021-09708-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
13
|
Zhang J, Cui H, Xue J, Wang W, Wang W, Le T, Chen L, Engelhardt UH, Jiang H. Adsorption Equilibrium and Thermodynamics of Tea Theasinensins on HP20-A High-Efficiency Macroporous Adsorption Resin. Foods 2021; 10:2971. [PMID: 34945522 PMCID: PMC8700908 DOI: 10.3390/foods10122971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The separation and preparation of theasinensins have been hot spots in the field of tea chemistry in recent years. However, information about the mechanism of efficient adsorption of tea theasinensins by resin has been limited. In this study, the adsorption equilibrium and thermodynamics of tea theasinensins by a high-efficiency macroporous adsorption HP20 resin were evaluated. The adsorption of theasinensin A, theasinensin B, and theasinensin C on HP20 resin were spontaneous physical reaction processes. Adsorption processes were exothermic processes, and lowering the temperature was beneficial to the adsorption. The Freundlich model was more suitable to describe the adsorption of tea theasinensins. The adsorption equilibrium constant and maximum adsorption capacity of theasinensin A were significantly higher than theasinensin B and theasinensin C, which indicated that the adsorption affinity of theasinensin A was stronger than that of theasinensin B and theasinensin C. The phenolic hydroxyl groups and intramolecular hydrogen bonds of theasinensin A were more than those of theasinensin B and theasinensin C, which might be the key to the resin's higher adsorption capacity for theasinensin A. The HP20 resin was very suitable for efficient adsorption of theasinensin A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; (J.Z.); (J.X.); (W.W.); (W.W.); (T.L.)
| | - Hongchun Cui
- Tea Research Institute, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China;
| | - Jinjin Xue
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; (J.Z.); (J.X.); (W.W.); (W.W.); (T.L.)
| | - Wei Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; (J.Z.); (J.X.); (W.W.); (W.W.); (T.L.)
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; (J.Z.); (J.X.); (W.W.); (W.W.); (T.L.)
| | - Ting Le
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; (J.Z.); (J.X.); (W.W.); (W.W.); (T.L.)
| | - Lin Chen
- Institute of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Ulrich H. Engelhardt
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany;
| | - Heyuan Jiang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; (J.Z.); (J.X.); (W.W.); (W.W.); (T.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Analytical Assessment of Bioelements in Various Types of Black Teas from Different Geographical Origins in View of Chemometric Approach. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26196017. [PMID: 34641561 PMCID: PMC8512582 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26196017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive approach to the mineral composition of black teas of different origins was studied using the Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) method, supported by chemometric tools including Principal Component Analysis PCA) and Classification and Regression Trees (CART). Significant differences between the teas from seven countries (Japan, Nepal, Kenya, Iran, Sri Lanka, India, and China) were shown. K was the main element determined in all teas, with an average concentration of 11,649 mg/kg, followed by Ca, Mg and Mn. In general, regarding all investigated black teas, the element content was ranked in the following order: K > Ca > Mg > Mn > Fe > Na > Zn > Cu. The applied chemometric methods allowed us to recognize black tea clusters based on their mineral composition and place of cultivation, and allowed us to find correlations between particular elements in black teas. The performed analyses revealed interesting correlations between the concentration of various elements in black teas: K was negatively correlated with Na, Fe, Mn and Cu; K was positively correlated with the content of Ca and Mg. Significant positive correlations between Mn and Fe and Mn and Zn in the studied black tea samples were also revealed. It was shown that mineral composition may be a significant factor regarding the origin of the black tea, not only considering the country, but also the region or province.
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhan J, Cao H, Hu T, Shen J, Wang W, Wu P, Yang G, Ho CT, Li S. Efficient Preparation of Black Tea Extract (BTE) with the High Content of Theaflavin Mono- and Digallates and the Protective Effects of BTE on CCl 4-Induced Rat Liver and Renal Injury. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:5938-5947. [PMID: 34003645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Theaflavins (TFs), formed by the dimerization of green tea catechins during "fermentation" to prepare black tea, possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Reported efficacious effects of black tea (∼2% of TFs) or related products come from catechins unless TFs are assayed. The present study aimed to target the preparation of black tea extract (BTE) enriched with theaflavin mono- and digallates majorly from dry tea leaves in aqueous media versus traditional fermentation of fresh leaves. We further investigated the protective function of the produced BTE on rat liver and kidney injury induced by CCl4 and its underlying molecular mechanisms. The results showed that BTE suppressed the activation level of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and the secretion of collagen was induced by CCl4. The relative expression levels of TGF-β, p-ERK1/ERK1, p-ERK2/ERK2, p-Smad1/Smad1, and p-Smad2/Smad2 were reduced to 56, 68, 56, 44, and 32%, respectively, compared with those of CCl4-treated rats. Therefore, BTE enriched with TFs prevented rat hepatic fibrosis through the TGF-β/Smad/ERK signaling pathway and kidney injury by inhibiting the expression of TGF-β and proinflammatory cytokines in rats. We predict the broad application of TFs and related products because of their strong antioxidant and inhibitory effects on chronic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Zhan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of EFGIR, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, Hubei 438000, China
| | - Houjian Cao
- Jiangsu Dehe Biotechnology Company, Jiangyin, Jiangsu 214400, China
| | - Ting Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of EFGIR, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, Hubei 438000, China
| | - Junfeng Shen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of EFGIR, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, Hubei 438000, China
| | - Weixin Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of EFGIR, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, Hubei 438000, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of EFGIR, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, Hubei 438000, China
| | - Guliang Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-products Processing, Food Science and Engineering College, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Shiming Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of EFGIR, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, Hubei 438000, China
- Jiangsu Dehe Biotechnology Company, Jiangyin, Jiangsu 214400, China
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang X, Xie J. Quality attributes of horse mackerel (Trachurus japonicus) during frozen storage as affected by double-glazing combined with theaflavins. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2021.1919702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- XueSong Wang
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Xie
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research, Center of Aquatic Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai, China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration, Center for Food Science and Engineering (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Professional Technology, Service Platform on Cold Chain Equipment Performance and Energy Saving Evaluation, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ydyrys A, Zhaparkulova N, Aralbaeva A, Mamataeva A, Seilkhan A, Syraiyl S, Murzakhmetova M. Systematic Analysis of Combined Antioxidant and Membrane-Stabilizing Properties of Several Lamiaceae Family Kazakhstani Plants for Potential Production of Tea Beverages. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040666. [PMID: 33808498 PMCID: PMC8065620 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
One of the most important compounds that exhibit a wide range of biological activities with especially strong antioxidant action are plant polyphenols. In the course of the experiment, the dose-dependent effects of polyphenols-rich extracts isolated from the Lamiaceae family Kazakhstani plants were studied on the processes of lipid peroxidation and on the degree of erythrocytes hemolysis. The activity of aqueous-ethanolic extracts from dried parts of plants, such as Origanum vulgare, Ziziphora bungeana, Dracocephalum integrifolium, Mentha piperita, Leonurus turkestanicus, Thymus serpyllum, and Salvia officinalis, was studied in a Wistar rat model. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) in liver microsomes was assessed by measuring malondialdehyde content in the form of thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances (TBARS). Estimation of osmotic resistance of isolated erythrocytes was evaluated based on hemoglobin absorbance. The amount of total phenolics in the extracts was measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent method. Based on the results, Thymus serpyllum extract exhibited a significantly higher antioxidant activity (IC50 = 3.3 ± 0.7) compared to other plant extracts. Accordingly, among the extracts studied, those from Salvia officinalis, Thymus serpyllum, and Origanum vulgare show the most pronounced membrane-stabilizing activity. Antioxidant and antihemolytic properties of green tea and Origanum vulgare extract mixtures were similar to that of each individual plant extract. Similar results were obtained when the green tea extract was mixed with Mentha piperita, Ziziphora bungeana, and Dracocephalum integrifolium extracts, indicating no discernible synergistic interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alibek Ydyrys
- Biomedical Research Centre, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, al-Farabi Av. 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, al-Farabi Av. 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (N.Z.); (S.S.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-7714634007
| | - Nazgul Zhaparkulova
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, al-Farabi Av. 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (N.Z.); (S.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Arailym Aralbaeva
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Care, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, al-Farabi Av. 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan;
| | - Aigul Mamataeva
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Almaty Technological University, Furkat Str. 348/4, Almaty 050008, Kazakhstan;
| | - Ainur Seilkhan
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Geography, Abai Каzakh National Pedagogical University, Dostuk 13, Almaty 050020, Kazakhstan;
| | - Sayagul Syraiyl
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, al-Farabi Av. 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (N.Z.); (S.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Maіra Murzakhmetova
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, al-Farabi Av. 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (N.Z.); (S.S.); (M.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gao Y, Xu Y, Yin J. Black tea benefits short-chain fatty acid producers but inhibits genus Lactobacillus in the gut of healthy Sprague-Dawley rats. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:5466-5475. [PMID: 32564366 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota plays important roles in physiological and pathological processes of the host. The effect of black tea on the gut microbiota of healthy individuals remains unclear. RESULTS Healthy Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were given black tea for 4 weeks, and cecum content, serum, intestinal, and hepatic samples were collected. The results showed that black tea increased α-diversity and modulated β-diversity of the gut microbiota. Additionally, black tea enriched several short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) producers but suppressed genus Lactobacillus. Further tests revealed that the enrichment of SCFA producers was associated with a decrease in the oxidative stress of cecum content caused by black tea, and related to increased luminal butyric acid levels and enhanced intestinal barrier function. The suppression of genus Lactobacillus was related to the increase in luminal total bile acids caused by black tea. In vitro tests showed that bile acids rather than black tea directly inhibited Lactobacillus strains. The reduction in genus Lactobacillus did not affect the effects of black tea on intestinal barrier function and lipid levels. CONCLUSION Our results imply that the effects of black tea on gut microbiota in healthy individuals are complex and provide a new perspective on the associations among black tea, gut microbiota, and health. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongquan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Yin
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Samanta S. Potential Bioactive Components and Health Promotional Benefits of Tea (Camellia sinensis). J Am Coll Nutr 2020; 41:65-93. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2020.1827082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saptadip Samanta
- Department of Physiology, Midnapore College, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gutierrez A, Feng J, Tan L, Kong L. Inhibitory effect of four types of tea on the in vitro digestion of starch. FOOD FRONTIERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Gutierrez
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL USA
| | - Jiannan Feng
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL USA
| | - Libo Tan
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL USA
| | - Lingyan Kong
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lee J, Papa F, Jaini PA, Alpini S, Kenny T. An Epigenetics-Based, Lifestyle Medicine-Driven Approach to Stress Management for Primary Patient Care: Implications for Medical Education. Am J Lifestyle Med 2020; 14:294-303. [PMID: 32477032 PMCID: PMC7232902 DOI: 10.1177/1559827619847436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 75% of patients in the primary care setting present with stress-related complaints. Curiously, patients and health care providers all too often see stress as a relatively benign sequela of many common illnesses such as heart disease, cancer, lung disease, dementia, diabetes, and mental illness. Unfortunately, various day-to-day lifestyle choices and environmental factors, unrelated to the presence of any disease, can cause stress sufficient to contribute to the development of various diseases/disorders and suboptimal health. There is evidence suggesting that counseling in stress management-oriented therapeutic interventions (as offered by lifestyle medicine-oriented practitioners) may prevent or reduce the onset, severity, duration, and/or overall burden of stress-related illnesses. Such counseling often involves considerations such as the patient's nutrition, physical activity, interest in/capacity to meditate, drug abuse/cessation, and so on. Unfortunately, lifestyle medicine-oriented approaches to stress management are rarely offered in primary care-the patient care arena wherein such counseling would likely be best received by patients. Would health care outcomes improve if primary care providers offered counseling in both stress management and positive lifestyle choices? The purpose of this article is to provide both primary care practitioners and educators in health care training programs with an introductory overview of epigenetics. An emerging field of science offering insights into how factors such as stress and lifestyle choices interact with our genes in ways that can both positively and negatively impact the various micro (eg, cellular) through macro (eg, physiologic, pathophysiologic) processes that determine our tendencies toward illness or wellness. A deeper understanding of epigenetics, as provided herein, should enable primary care providers and medical educators to more confidently advocate for the primary benefits associated with counseling in both stress reduction and the pursuit of healthy lifestyle choices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Lee
- Preventive Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California (JL)
- UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas (FP, SA, TK)
- John Peter Smith Hospital, Fort Worth, Texas (PJ)
| | - Frank Papa
- Frank Papa, DO, PhD, Medical Education, UNT Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX 76107; e-mail:
| | - Paresh Atu Jaini
- Preventive Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California (JL)
- UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas (FP, SA, TK)
- John Peter Smith Hospital, Fort Worth, Texas (PJ)
| | - Sarah Alpini
- Preventive Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California (JL)
- UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas (FP, SA, TK)
- John Peter Smith Hospital, Fort Worth, Texas (PJ)
| | - Tim Kenny
- Preventive Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California (JL)
- UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas (FP, SA, TK)
- John Peter Smith Hospital, Fort Worth, Texas (PJ)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Effects of Infusion and Storage on Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolic Content of Black Tea. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10082685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study determined antioxidant activity in terms of the 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging ability and total phenolic content of black tea under different infusion and storage conditions. High performance liquid chromatography analysis identified caffeine, (−)-epigallocatechin, (−)-epicatechin-3-gallate, (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate and (−)-gallocatechin-3-gallate in the tea sample. The water–tea leaves weight ratio did not affect the DPPH scavenging ability. However, infusion temperature affected the DPPH scavenging activity and the total phenolic content. In the present study, the 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for DPPH of black tea infused at 60 to 100 °C ranged from 100.0 ± 13.7 to 28.4 ± 4.8 μg/mL. The total phenolic content of black tea steeped at 60 to 100 °C ranged from 50.4 ± 5.2 to 178.6 ± 16.4 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry leaf. Black tea exhibited increased antioxidant activity when the infusion temperature was increased. Regarding short-term storage, the DPPH scavenging ability and total phenolic content of black tea did not significantly change within 15 days. This result was consistent for storage temperatures of 4, 9, and 25 °C.
Collapse
|
23
|
Yu P, Huang H, Zhao X, Zhong N, Zheng H, Gong Y. Distinct variation in taste quality of Congou black tea during a single spring season. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:1848-1856. [PMID: 32328250 PMCID: PMC7174197 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The quality of Congou black tea fluctuates greatly with the changing seasons. However, variations in the taste quality of Congou black tea manufactured during a single spring season are far from clear. Here, we analyzed the taste quality of HuangJinCha (HJC) Congou black tea using sensory evaluation and found the taste quality of black tea manufactured in the early spring was better than that manufactured in the late spring. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis for the data from the electronic tongue confirmed the variation and revealed that April 4 may be the critical time point at which variations in taste quality become apparent. The contents of tea polyphenols (TP), total catechins (TC), total flavones, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG), and gallic acid (GA) showed increasing trends, whereas total amino acids (TAA) declined over time. Moreover, the variations in total amino acids (r = 0.846) and total flavones (r = - 0.858) were highly significantly correlated with the average taste quality score (p < .01), suggesting these compounds were the primary factors responsible for the fluctuation in taste quality of Congou black tea processed during a single spring season.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of EducationHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
- Tea Research Institute of Hunan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangshaChina
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from BotanicalsHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Hao Huang
- Tea Research Institute of Hunan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangshaChina
| | - Xi Zhao
- Tea Research Institute of Hunan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangshaChina
| | - Ni Zhong
- Tea Research Institute of Hunan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangshaChina
| | - Hongfa Zheng
- Tea Research Institute of Hunan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangshaChina
| | - Yushun Gong
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of EducationHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from BotanicalsHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ozan G, Sar Sancakli H, Yucel T. Effect of black tea and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors on eroded dentin in situ. Microsc Res Tech 2020; 83:834-842. [PMID: 32196821 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of this in situ study was to evaluate the surface properties of eroded dentin specimens activated with three different matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors (chlorhexidine [CHX], fluoride, green tea), black tea, and water. One hundred eighty dentin samples were prepared from extracted third molars and then samples divided into six groups. Ten volunteers were carried three specimens of each group, on acrylic palatal appliances, which were fabricated exactly for them (n = 3). Erosive cycles were done by immersing appliances in cup containing Cola and was followed by rinsing with test solutions. Microhardness values were measured. Surface properties were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Lowest change in microhardness was shown in fluoride group whereas negative control group (water) had the highest change. There were no statistically significant differences among surface roughness changes (p > .05). The least change in microhardness was seen in the fluoride group (13.05 ± 8.07), while the control group showed the highest change (33.80 ± 12.42) and was statistically significant when compared to other groups (p < .05). Besides lowest depth, values were shown in fluoride group as well. AFM evaluations showed macromolecular deposits on surfaces of fluoride, CHX, and black tea groups. No superior results were detected in CHX + fluoride group and black tea showed similar surface characteristics as green tea. Mouthrinses containing not only green tea but also black tea could be beneficial for patients with exposed dentin surfaces. Catechines and theaflavins in teas could be useful for improving surface quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gunce Ozan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hande Sar Sancakli
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Taner Yucel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gaur R, Ke JP, Zhang P, Yang Z, Bao GH. Novel Cinnamoylated Flavoalkaloids Identified in Tea with Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Effect. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:3140-3148. [PMID: 32053361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b08285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
3-O-Cinnamoylepicatechin (1) was synthesized along with four flavoalkaloids, (-)-6-(5‴S)-N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone-3-O-cinnamoylepicatechin (2), (-)-6-(5‴R)-N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone-3-O-cinnamoylepicatechin (3), (-)-8-(5‴S)-N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone-3-O-cinnamoylepicatechin (4), and (-)-8-(5‴R)-N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone-3-O-cinnamoylepicatechin (5) via esterification of epicatechin followed by phenolic Mannich reaction of 1 with theanine in the presence of heat. The new compounds 1-5 were detected in leaves of three tea cultivars, Fuding-Dabai, Huangjingui, and Zimudan with the help of ultra-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with a photodiode array detector and electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-PDA-ESI-HRMS), suggesting that they are naturally occurring in tea leaves. The structures of the novel natural products were characterized by one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (1D and 2D NMR) and mass spectroscopy. Compounds 1-5 were then evaluated for their acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory effect (IC50 = 0.12-1.02 μM). The availability of the synthesized epicatechin derivatives 1-5 via a synthetic route enabled the first unequivocal identification of these derivatives as tea secondary metabolites and made it possible to determine their content in the tea material as well as the diverse bioactivities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Gaur
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jia-Ping Ke
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zi Yang
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Guan-Hu Bao
- Natural Products Laboratory, International Joint Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Musial C, Kuban-Jankowska A, Gorska-Ponikowska M. Beneficial Properties of Green Tea Catechins. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051744. [PMID: 32143309 PMCID: PMC7084675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Green tea (Camellia sinesis) is widely known for its anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. Among the biologically active compounds contained in Camellia sinesis, the main antioxidant agents are catechins. Recent scientific research indicates that the number of hydroxyl groups and the presence of characteristic structural groups have a major impact on the antioxidant activity of catechins. The best source of these compounds is unfermented green tea. Depending on the type and origin of green tea leaves, their antioxidant properties may be uneven. Catechins exhibit the strong property of neutralizing reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The group of green tea catechin derivatives includes: epicatechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate and epigallocatechin gallate. The last of these presents the most potent anti-inflammatory and anticancer potential. Notably, green tea catechins are widely described to be efficient in the prevention of lung cancer, breast cancer, esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer and prostate cancer. The current review aims to summarize the potential anticancer effects and molecular signaling pathways of major green tea catechins. It needs to be clearly emphasized that green tea as well as green tea catechols cannot replace the standard chemotherapy. Nonetheless, their beneficial effects may support the standard anticancer approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Musial
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (C.M.); (A.K.-J.)
| | - Alicja Kuban-Jankowska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (C.M.); (A.K.-J.)
| | - Magdalena Gorska-Ponikowska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (C.M.); (A.K.-J.)
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, 90139 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tao S, Chen G, Xu W, Peng Y, Wan P, Sun Y, Zeng X, Liu Z. Preparation of theasinensin A and theasinensin B and exploration of their inhibitory mechanism on α-glucosidase. Food Funct 2020; 11:3527-3538. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo03054a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Theasinensin A (TSA) and theasinensin B (TSB), dimers of tea catechins produced during the processing of oolong tea and black tea, had superior inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sainan Tao
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing 210095
- China
| | - Guijie Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing 210095
- China
| | - Weiqi Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing 210095
- China
| | - Yujia Peng
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing 210095
- China
| | - Peng Wan
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing 210095
- China
| | - Yi Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing 210095
- China
| | - Xiaoxiong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Nanjing Agricultural University
- Nanjing 210095
- China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science
- Hunan Agricultural University
- Changsha 410128
- China
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Dong HW, Wang K, Chang XX, Jin FF, Wang Q, Jiang XF, Liu JR, Wu YH, Yang C. Beta-ionone-inhibited proliferation of breast cancer cells by inhibited COX-2 activity. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:2993-3003. [PMID: 31506784 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02550-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wei Dong
- Department of Occupational Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, NanGang District, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of GuangZhou Medical University, 151 YanJiang West Road, YueXiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xia Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Forth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 37 YiYuan Street, NanGang District, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei-Fei Jin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Forth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 37 YiYuan Street, NanGang District, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Occupational Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, NanGang District, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Feng Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Forth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 37 YiYuan Street, NanGang District, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Ren Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Forth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 37 YiYuan Street, NanGang District, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong-Hui Wu
- Department of Occupational Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, NanGang District, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Forth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 37 YiYuan Street, NanGang District, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Li D, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Wan X, Ho CT. Introduction to the International Symposium on Chemistry, Flavor, and Health Effects of Tea. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:5303-5305. [PMID: 30803228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A symposium entitled "Chemistry, Flavor, and Health Effects of Tea" was held at the 256th American Chemical Society (ACS) Meeting in August 2018 in Boston, MA, U.S.A., and was sponsored by the ACS Division of Agricultural and Food Chemistry and the International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, China. The purpose of the symposium was to bring together the leading tea researchers throughout the world to discuss the current state of knowledge as well as research needs with respect to chemistry and health beneficial properties of tea. Speakers from North America, Europe, and Asia delivered a total of 35 oral presentations. The presentations covered such diverse topics as polyphenol chemistry and flavor chemistry of tea, metabolomics application to identify the changes of phytochemical composition during processing, and health beneficial effects of drinking tea. This paper is intended to provide a brief summary of the presentations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , 130 West Changjiang Road , Hefei , Anhui 230036 , People's Republic of China
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects , Anhui Agricultural University , 130 West Changjiang Road , Hefei , Anhui 230036 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Citrus Research and Education Center , University of Florida , 700 Experiment Station Road , Lake Alfred , Florida 33850 , United States
| | - Zhengzhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , 130 West Changjiang Road , Hefei , Anhui 230036 , People's Republic of China
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects , Anhui Agricultural University , 130 West Changjiang Road , Hefei , Anhui 230036 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , 130 West Changjiang Road , Hefei , Anhui 230036 , People's Republic of China
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects , Anhui Agricultural University , 130 West Changjiang Road , Hefei , Anhui 230036 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects , Anhui Agricultural University , 130 West Changjiang Road , Hefei , Anhui 230036 , People's Republic of China
- Department of Food Science , Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08901 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ramlagan P, Rondeau P, Planesse C, Neergheen-Bhujun VS, Bourdon E, Bahorun T. Comparative suppressing effects of black and green teas on the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and AGE-induced oxidative stress. Food Funct 2018; 8:4194-4209. [PMID: 29043349 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01038a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating and comparing the anti-diabetic potential of black and green teas. Biochemical analyses indicate higher antioxidant potency, significantly correlated with the phytochemicals present, in green teas compared to black teas. Both extracts afforded a similar level of protection to erythrocytes against peroxyl radical-induced lysis. Non-cytotoxic concentration of green and black tea extracts significantly reduced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (P < 0.01), lowered the oxidation of proteins (P < 0.05) and decreased the IL-6 secretion (P < 0.01) induced by AGEs or H2O2 in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Both teas also inhibited the decline in the enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase induced by the pro-oxidants. The teas further suppressed the glycation of BSA mediated by glucose, ribose and MGO by reducing fluorescent AGE, fructosamine, protein carbonyl and AOPP levels. Black and green teas also inhibited the activities of α-amylase (AA50: 589.86 ± 39.51 and 947.80 ± 18.20 μg mL-1, respectively) and α-glucosidase (AA50: 72.31 ± 4.23 and 100.23 ± 8.10 μg mL-1, respectively). The teas afforded a comparable level of protection at the cellular level and against glycation while black tea exerted the highest carbohydrate hydrolysing enzymes inhibitory activity. Our results clearly show that black and green teas represent an important source of antioxidants with anti-diabetic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Ramlagan
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Fernando WMADB, Somaratne G, Goozee KG, Williams S, Singh H, Martins RN. Diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease: Can Tea Phytochemicals Play a Role in Prevention? J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 59:481-501. [PMID: 28582855 DOI: 10.3233/jad-161200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Dementia and diabetes mellitus are prevalent disorders in the elderly population. While recognized as two distinct diseases, diabetes has more recently recognized as a significant contributor to risk for developing dementia, and some studies make reference to type 3 diabetes, a condition resulting from insulin resistance in the brain. Alzheimer's disease, the most common form of dementia, and diabetes, interestingly, share underlying pathological processes, commonality in risk factors, and, importantly, pathways for intervention. Tea has been suggested to possess potent antioxidant properties. It is rich in phytochemicals including, flavonoids, tannins, caffeine, polyphenols, boheic acid, theophylline, theobromine, anthocyanins, gallic acid, and finally epigallocatechin-3-gallate, which is considered to be the most potent active ingredient. Flavonoid phytochemicals, known as catechins, within tea offer potential benefits for reducing the risk of diabetes and Alzheimer's disease by targeting common risk factors, including obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and stroke. Studies also show that catechins may prevent the formation of amyloid-β plaques and enhance cognitive functions, and thus may be useful in treating patients who have Alzheimer's disease or dementia. Furthermore, other phytochemicals found within tea offer important antioxidant properties along with innate properties capable of modulating intracellular neuronal signal transduction pathways and mitochondrial function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Warnakulasuriya M A D B Fernando
- Centre of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Geeshani Somaratne
- Massey Institute of Food Science and Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Kathryn G Goozee
- Centre of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia.,School of Biomedical Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,KARVIAH Research Centre, Anglicare, Castle Hill, NSW, Australia.,School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,KaRa Institute of Neurological Diseases, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shehan Williams
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Harjinder Singh
- Massey Institute of Food Science and Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Ralph N Martins
- Centre of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia.,School of Biomedical Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,KARVIAH Research Centre, Anglicare, Castle Hill, NSW, Australia.,School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,KaRa Institute of Neurological Diseases, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Effects of different tea concentrations and extraction durations on caffeine and phenolics of tea liqueurs. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-017-9639-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
33
|
Black Tea Samples Origin Discrimination Using Analytical Investigations of Secondary Metabolites, Antiradical Scavenging Activity and Chemometric Approach. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23030513. [PMID: 29495365 PMCID: PMC6017602 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive study on the composition and antioxidant properties of black tea samples with a chemometric approach was performed via LC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS, DPPH radical scavenging assay, and Folin-Ciocalteu assay (TPC). Marked differences between the teas from seven different countries (China, India, Iran, Japan, Kenya, Nepal, Sri Lanka) were shown. The Indian samples demonstrated the highest total catechin content (184.8 mg/100 mL), the largest TPC and DPPH scavenging potential (58.2 mg/100 mL and 84.5%, respectively). The applied principal component analysis (PCA) and ANOVA revealed several correlations between the level of catechins in tea infusions. EC (epicatechin), ECG (epicatechin gallate), EGC (epigallocatechin), and EGCG (epigallocatechin-3-gallate) content was not correlated with DPPH, gallic acid, and TPC; however, a strong correlation of EC and ECG between themselves and a negative correlation of these two catechins with EGCG and EGC was noted. Interestingly, simple catechins were not found to be responsible for antioxidant properties of the black teas. The samples collected in the higher altitudes were similar.
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhang S, Xuan H, Zhang L, Fu S, Wang Y, Yang H, Tai Y, Song Y, Zhang J, Ho CT, Li S, Wan X. TBC2health: a database of experimentally validated health-beneficial effects of tea bioactive compounds. Brief Bioinform 2017; 18:830-836. [PMID: 27387194 PMCID: PMC5862282 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbw055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea is one of the most consumed beverages in the world. Considerable studies show the exceptional health benefits (e.g. antioxidation, cancer prevention) of tea owing to its various bioactive components. However, data from these extensively published papers had not been made available in a central database. To lay a foundation in improving the understanding of healthy tea functions, we established a TBC2health database that currently documents 1338 relationships between 497 tea bioactive compounds and 206 diseases (or phenotypes) manually culled from over 300 published articles. Each entry in TBC2health contains comprehensive information about a bioactive relationship that can be accessed in three aspects: (i) compound information, (ii) disease (or phenotype) information and (iii) evidence and reference. Using the curated bioactive relationships, a bipartite network was reconstructed and the corresponding network (or sub-network) visualization and topological analyses are provided for users. This database has a user-friendly interface for entry browse, search and download. In addition, TBC2health provides a submission page and several useful tools (e.g. BLAST, molecular docking) to facilitate use of the database. Consequently, TBC2health can serve as a valuable bioinformatics platform for the exploration of beneficial effects of tea on human health. TBC2health is freely available at http://camellia.ahau.edu.cn/TBC2health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- College of Information and Computer science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Hongdong Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- College of Information and Computer science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- College of Information and Computer science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Sicong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- College of Information and Computer science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- College of Information and Computer science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- College of Information and Computer science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuling Tai
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- College of Information and Computer science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Youhong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- College of Information and Computer science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- College of Information and Computer science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- College of Information and Computer science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Shaowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- College of Information and Computer science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- College of Information and Computer science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Corresponding authors. Xiaochun Wan, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China. Tel.: +86-551-65786468, Fax.: +86-551-65786765; E-mail: ; Shaowen Li, College of Information and Computer science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China. Tel.: +86-551-65786146; Fax.: +86-551-65786183; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Malongane F, McGaw LJ, Mudau FN. The synergistic potential of various teas, herbs and therapeutic drugs in health improvement: a review. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:4679-4689. [PMID: 28585285 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tea is one of the most widely consumed non-alcoholic beverages in the world next to water. It is classified as Camellia sinensis and non-Camellia sinensis (herbal teas). The common bioactive compounds found mainly in green teas are flavan-3-ols (catechins) (also called flavanols), proanthocyanidins (tannins) and flavonols. Black tea contains theaflavins and thearubigins and white tea contains l-theanine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), while herbal teas contain diverse polyphenols. Phytochemicals in tea exhibit antimicrobial, anti-diabetic and anti-cancer activities that are perceived to be helpful in managing chronic diseases linked to lifestyle. Many of these phytochemicals are reported to be biologically active when combined. Knowledge of the synergistic interactions of tea with other teas or herbs in terms of biological activities will be of benefit for therapeutic enhancement. There is evidence that various types of teas act synergistically in exhibiting health benefits to humans, improving consumer acceptance and economic value. Similar observations have been made when teas and herbs or medicinal drugs were combined. The aim of this review is to highlight potential beneficial synergies between combinations of different types of teas, tea and herbs, and tea and medicinal drugs. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florence Malongane
- Department Life and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
| | - Lyndy J McGaw
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Fhatuwani N Mudau
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lei S, Xu D, Saeeduddin M, Riaz A, Zeng X. Characterization of molecular structures of theaflavins and the interactions with bovine serum albumin. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2017; 54:3421-3432. [PMID: 29051637 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2791-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, theaflavins (TF1, TF2A, TF2B and TF3) were prepared from black tea and their interaction with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was explored by fluorescence and CD spectroscopy. The results showed that the structures of theaflavins exhibited significant effects on the binding/quenching process, and the binding affinity increased with the increase of molecular weight of theaflavins and the presence of galloyl moiety. The quenching effects showed a sequence as TF3 > TF2A > TF2B > TF1, demonstrating the important role of the galloyl moiety on the C-3 position of theaflavins. CD spectra indicated that TF3 in high concentration could change the skeleton structure of BSA and induce the unfolding of BSA secondary structure. The present results provide a new perspective for better understanding of the likely physiological fate of theaflavins and help to control the functional characteristics of food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng Lei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Donglan Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Muhammad Saeeduddin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Asad Riaz
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Xiaoxiong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ronco AL, De Stefani E, Lasalvia-Galante E, Mendoza B, Vazquez A, Sanchez G. Hot infusions and risk of colorectal cancer in Uruguay: a case-control study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2017; 71:ejcn2017130. [PMID: 28832574 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2017.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The evidence of possible roles for the most common hot infusions intake (tea and coffee) in the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) needs additional data. Regarding 'mate' intake (infusion of Ilex paraguariensis herb), a previous multi-site study reported lack of association for its highest intake on CRC risk. The present study was conducted to better understand the associations between the intake of this and other infusions and CRC risk. SUBJECTS/METHODS Patients (611 CRC incident cases and 2394 controls, all belonging to public hospitals) were interviewed through a questionnaire, including socio-demographic, reproductive and lifestyle variables, and a food-frequency questionnaire of 64 items, analyzing tea, 'mate' and coffee intake (consumer status, daily intake, age at start and at quit). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated through unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for relevant potential confounders. RESULTS Tea and coffee intake displayed significant and inverse associations with CRC risk, mainly among men (OR=0.54, 95% CI 0.38-0.76 for tea and OR=0.59, 95% CI 0.41-0.85 for coffee). Mate intake showed a significant inverse association among women (OR=0.50, 95% CI 0.33-0.77), with a marginal heterogeneity between sexes (P=0.07). Concerning age strata, tea intake displayed inverse associations in all ages, whereas 'mate' and coffee intake showed stronger inverse associations for age ⩾70, suggesting a gradient along time. CONCLUSIONS We found evidence of different significant inverse associations for tea, 'mate' and coffee intake and CRC risk. To our knowledge, this is the first epidemiologic study reporting inverse results on 'mate' intake and CRC, which are explained by a stronger association among women.European Journal of Clinical Nutrition advance online publication, 23 August 2017; doi:10.1038/ejcn.2017.130.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A L Ronco
- Unit of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Pereira Rossell Women's Hospital, Montevideo, Uruguay
- IUCLAEH School of Medicine, Maldonado, Uruguay
- Biomedical Sciences Center, University of Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - E De Stefani
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Hospital, UDELAR State University, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - B Mendoza
- Biomedical Sciences Center, University of Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Clinical Hospital, UDELAR State University, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - A Vazquez
- Biomedical Sciences Center, University of Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - G Sanchez
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Clinical Hospital, UDELAR State University, Montevideo, Uruguay
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Evaluation and Optimization of a Superior Extraction Method for the Characterization of the Volatile Profile of Black Tea by HS-SPME/GC-MS. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0785-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
39
|
Xiao W, Zhang Y, Fan C, Han L. A method for producing superfine black tea powder with enhanced infusion and dispersion property. Food Chem 2017; 214:242-247. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.07.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
40
|
Shalan NAAM, Mustapha NM, Mohamed S. Noni leaf and black tea enhance bone regeneration in estrogen-deficient rats. Nutrition 2016; 33:42-51. [PMID: 27908549 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Black tea and Nonileaf are among the dietary compounds that can benefit patients with bone resorption disorders. Their bone regeneration effects and their mechanisms were studied in estrogen-deficient rats. METHODS Noni leaves (three doses) and black tea water extracts were fed to ovariectomized rats for 4 mo, and their effects (analyzed via mechanical measurements, micro-computed tomography scan, and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction mRNA) were compared with Remifemin (a commercial phytoestrogen product from black cohosh). RESULTS The water extracts (dose-dependently for noni leaves) increased bone regeneration biomarker (runt-related transcription factor 2, bone morphogenetic protein 2, osteoprotegerin, estrogen receptor 1 [ESR1], collagen type I alpha 1A) expressions and reduced the inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, nuclear factor [NF]-κB, and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand) mRNA expressions/levels in the rats. The extracts also improved bone physical and mechanical properties. The extracts demonstrated bone regeneration through improving bone size and structure, bone mechanical properties (strength and flexibility), and bone mineralization and density. CONCLUSIONS The catechin-rich extract favored bone regeneration and suppressed bone resorption. The mechanisms involved enhancing osteoblast generation and survival, inhibiting osteoclast growth and activities, suppressing inflammation, improving bone collagen synthesis and upregulating ESR1 expression to augment phytoestrogenic effects. Estrogen deficiency bone loss and all extracts studied (best effect from Morinda leaf at 300 mg/kg body weight) mitigated the loss, indicating benefits for the aged and menopausal women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Noordin M Mustapha
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suhaila Mohamed
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Hao W, Wang M, Lv M. The Inhibitory Effects of Yixing Black Tea Extracts on A-Glucosidase. J Food Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing Hao
- Food Biotechnology Center; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University; 1800 Lihu Avenue Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Miao Wang
- Food Biotechnology Center; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University; 1800 Lihu Avenue Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Mengxian Lv
- Food Biotechnology Center; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University; 1800 Lihu Avenue Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Weerawatanakorn M, Lee YL, Tsai CY, Lai CS, Wan X, Ho CT, Li S, Pan MH. Protective effect of theaflavin-enriched black tea extracts against dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Food Funct 2016; 6:1832-40. [PMID: 25927469 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00126a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis is responsible for hepatic fibrosis resulting in high mortality and is also a risk factor for developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is the fifth most common cancer in men and the seventh in women globally. Several studies have found effective anti-cancer activities of theaflavins, the major black tea polyphenols. The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effects of theaflavin-enriched black tea extracts (TF-BTE) on hepatic fibrosis induced by dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) administration in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Treatment of SD rats with DMN (10 mg per kg bw) for 4 weeks produced inflammation and remarkable liver fibrosis assessed by serum biochemistry and histopathological examination. Fibrotic status and the activation of hepatic stellate cells were improved by oral administration of 40% theaflavins in black tea extracts (40% TF-BTE) as evidenced by histopathological examination. Oral administration of 40% TF-BTE at a low dose of 50 mg per kg bw per day and a high dose of 100 mg per kg bw per day attenuated the DMN-induced elevation of serum GOT (glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase) and GPT (glutamic pyruvic transaminase) levels and reduced necrosis, bile duct proliferation, and inflammation. Western blot analyses revealed that TF-BTE inhibited the expression of liver alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) protein. The histochemical examination showed the inhibitory effect of TF-BTE on the p-Smad3 expression. Overall, these data demonstrated that TF-BTE exhibited hepatoprotective effects on experimental fibrosis, potentially by inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monthana Weerawatanakorn
- Department of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Weerawatanakorn M, Hung WL, Pan MH, Li S, Li D, Wan X, Ho CT. Chemistry and health beneficial effects of oolong tea and theasinensins. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
44
|
Kibble M, Saarinen N, Tang J, Wennerberg K, Mäkelä S, Aittokallio T. Network pharmacology applications to map the unexplored target space and therapeutic potential of natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2015; 32:1249-66. [PMID: 26030402 DOI: 10.1039/c5np00005j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that drug discovery often requires a systems-level polypharmacology approach to tackle problems such as lack of efficacy and emerging resistance of single-targeted compounds. Network pharmacology approaches are increasingly being developed and applied to find new therapeutic opportunities and to re-purpose approved drugs. However, these recent advances have been relatively slow to be translated into the field of natural products. Here, we argue that a network pharmacology approach would enable an effective mapping of the yet unexplored target space of natural products, hence providing a systematic means to extend the druggable space of proteins implicated in various complex diseases. We give an overview of the key network pharmacology concepts and recent experimental-computational approaches that have been successfully applied to natural product research, including unbiased elucidation of mechanisms of action as well as systematic prediction of effective therapeutic combinations. We focus specifically on anticancer applications that use in vivo and in vitro functional phenotypic measurements, such as genome-wide transcriptomic response profiles, which enable a global modelling of the multi-target activity at the level of the biological pathways and interaction networks. We also provide representative examples of other disease applications, databases and tools as well as existing and emerging resources, which may prove useful for future natural product research. Finally, we offer our personal view of the current limitations, prospective developments and open questions in this exciting field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milla Kibble
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Biomedicum Helsinki 2U, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lange KW, Hauser J, Nakamura Y, Kanaya S. Dietary seaweeds and obesity. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
46
|
Biosorption of green and black tea polyphenols into Saccharomyces cerevisiae improves their bioaccessibility. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
|
47
|
|
48
|
|
49
|
Fanaro G, Hassimotto N, Bastos D, Villavicencio A. Effects of γ-radiation on microbial load and antioxidant proprieties in green tea irradiated with different water activities. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
50
|
Malir F, Ostry V, Pfohl-Leszkowicz A, Toman J, Bazin I, Roubal T. Transfer of ochratoxin A into tea and coffee beverages. Toxins (Basel) 2014; 6:3438-53. [PMID: 25525684 PMCID: PMC4280543 DOI: 10.3390/toxins6123438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, immunotoxic, neurotoxic, reprotoxic, teratogenic, and carcinogenic (group 2B), being characterized by species and sex differences in sensitivity. Despite the fact that OTA is in some aspects a controversial topic, OTA is the most powerful renal carcinogen. The aim of this study was to make a small survey concerning OTA content in black tea, fruit tea, and ground roasted coffee, and to assess OTA transfer into beverages. OTA content was measured using a validated and accredited HPLC-FLD method with a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.35 ng/g. The OTA amount ranged from LOQ up to 250 ng/g in black tea and up to 104 ng/g in fruit tea. Black tea and fruit tea, naturally contaminated, were used to prepare tea infusions. The transfer from black tea to the infusion was 34.8% ± 1.3% and from fruit tea 4.1% ± 0.2%. Ground roasted coffee naturally contaminated at 0.92 ng/g was used to prepare seven kinds of coffee beverages. Depending on the type of process used, OTA transfer into coffee ranged from 22.3% to 66.1%. OTA intakes from fruit and black tea or coffee represent a non-negligible human source.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frantisek Malir
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladimir Ostry
- National Reference Center for Microfungi and Mycotoxins in Food Chains, Center of Health, Nutrition and Food in Brno, National Institute of Public Health in Prague, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Annie Pfohl-Leszkowicz
- Department Bioprocess & Microbial Systems, Laboratory Chemical Engineering, INP/ENSA Toulouse, University of Toulouse, UMR 5503 CNRS/INPT/UPS, 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, France.
| | - Jakub Toman
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Ingrid Bazin
- Ecole des mines d'Ales, 6 av de Clavieres, 30100 Ales Cedex, France.
| | - Tomas Roubal
- National Reference Laboratory for Biomarkers of Mycotoxins and Mycotoxins in Food, Institute of Public Health in Usti nad Labem, Regional Branch Hradec Kralove, 50002 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|