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Guo X, Dang H, Huang W, Hassan Z, Yun S, Lu Y, Liu Y, Wang J, Zou J. IL-20 is produced by CD3γδ T cells and induced in the mucosal tissues of grass carp during infection with Aeromonas hydrophila. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 158:105210. [PMID: 38844187 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL) 20 is a multifunctional cytokine and plays a vital role in regulating autoimmune diseases, inflammation, and immune responses. IL-20 homologs have been described in fish. However, due to the lack of antibodies, cellular sources and immunological functions of fish IL-20 in response to infections have not been fully characterized. In this study, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) was generated against the recombinant grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) IL-20 protein and characterized by immunoblotting, immunofluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry. It was shown that the IL-20 mAb specifically recognized recombinant IL-20 proteins expressed in the E. coli cells and HEK293 cells. Using confocal microscopy, the IL-20+ cells were identified in the head kidney, gills and intestine of grass carp, and induced after infection with Aeromonas hydrophila. Moreover, the IL-20 protein was found to be secreted mainly by CD3γδ T cells which were located predominantly in the gill filaments and intestinal mucosa. Taken together, our results suggest that IL-20 producing T cells are required for the mucosal immunity against bacterial infection in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Huifeng Dang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Wenji Huang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Zeinab Hassan
- Department of Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Egypt
| | - Shengran Yun
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yanan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Junya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jun Zou
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266200, China.
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Han M, Zhou Z, Zhu T, Yu C, Si Q, Zhu C, Gao T, Jiang Q. Metabolomics and microbiome co-analysis reveals altered innate immune responses in Charybdis japonica following Aeromonas hydrophila infection. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 50:101240. [PMID: 38718732 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
A comprehensive bioinformatics analysis was conducted to elucidate the innate immune response of Charybdis japonica following exposure to Aeromonas hydrophila. This study integrated metabolomics, 16S rRNA sequencing, and enzymatic activity data to dissect the immune mechanisms activated in response to infection. Infection with A. hydrophila resulted in an increased abundance of beneficial intestinal genera such as Photobacterium spp., Rhodobacter spp., Polaribacter spp., Psychrilyobacter spp., and Mesoflavibacter spp. These probiotics appear to suppress A. hydrophila colonization by competitively dominating the intestinal microbiota. Key metabolic pathways affected included fatty acid biosynthesis, galactose metabolism, and nitrogen metabolism, highlighting their role in the crab's intestinal response. Enzymatic analysis revealed a decrease in activities of hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase, which are essential for energy homeostasis and ATP production necessary for stress responses. Additionally, reductions were observed in the activities of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase. Gene expression analysis showed downregulation in Peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1), Peroxiredoxin 2 (PRDX2), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH), with concurrent increases in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, indicating severe oxidative stress. This study provides insights into the molecular strategies employed by marine crabs to counteract bacterial invasions in their natural habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Han
- Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies, University Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Zihan Zhou
- Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies, University Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Tian Zhu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, 79 Chating East Street, Nanjing 210017, China
| | - Cigang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210424, China
| | - Qin Si
- Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210424, China
| | - Chenxi Zhu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, 79 Chating East Street, Nanjing 210017, China
| | - Tianheng Gao
- Institute of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, China
| | - Qichen Jiang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, 79 Chating East Street, Nanjing 210017, China; Low-temperature Germplasm Bank of Important Economic Fish (Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province) of Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technology Resources (Agricultural Germplasm Resources) Coordination Service Platform, Nanjing 210017, China.
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3
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Burgos FA, Cai W, Arias CR. Gut dysbiosis induced by florfenicol increases susceptibility to Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Zebrafish Danio rerio after the recommended withdrawal period. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2024; 36:113-127. [PMID: 38060422 DOI: 10.1002/aah.10211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Florfenicol (FFC) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to treat both systemic and external bacterial infections in food fish. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of FFC-medicated feed on the gut microbiota of Zebrafish Danio danio to determine (1) if the therapeutic dose of FFC-medicated feed induces dysbiosis and (2) if fish with altered gut microbiota were more susceptible to subsequent infection by the common opportunistic fish pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila. METHODS Zebrafish that were treated with regular and FFC-medicated feeds were artificially challenged with A. hydrophila at the end of the recommended 15-day antibiotic withdrawal period. The gut microbiota of the Zebrafish at different stages was analyzed using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. RESULT Our results found that FFC-medicated feed induced disruption of the gut microbiota. Dysbiosis was observed in all treated groups, with a significant increase in bacterial diversity, and was characterized by a remarkable bloom of Proteobacteria and a drastic decline of Mycoplasma and Cetobacterium in treated animals but without noticeable clinical signs or mortalities. In addition, the increase of Proteobacteria was not significantly reduced after the recommended 15-day withdrawal period, and the Zebrafish treated with FFC-medicated feed exhibited a significantly higher mortality rate when they were subsequently challenged with A. hydrophila compared to the control (regular feed) groups. Interestingly, the most dramatic changes in the gut microbiome composition occurred at the transition time between the late stage of the medicated treatment and the beginning of the withdrawal period instead of the time during the Aeromonas infection. CONCLUSION The administration of FFC-medicated feed at the recommended dose induced gut dysbiosis in Zebrafish, and fish did not recover to the baseline after the recommended withdrawal period. Our findings suggest that the use of antibiotics in fish elicits a response similar to those previously described in mammals and possibly makes the host more susceptible to subsequent infections of opportunistic pathogens. This study using a controlled model system suggests that antibiotics in aquaculture may have long-term effects on the general well-being of the fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca A Burgos
- Facultad de Ingeniería Marítima y Ciencias del Mar, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Wenlong Cai
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, State Key Lab of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Covadonga R Arias
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
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Singh J, Srivastava A, Nigam AK, Kumari U, Mittal S, Mittal AK. Alterations in certain immunological parameters in the skin mucus of the carp, Cirrhinus mrigala, infected with the bacteria, Edwardsiella tarda. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2023; 49:1303-1320. [PMID: 37870724 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01258-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial fish pathogen Edwardsiella tarda causes heavy stock mortality, severely hampering fish production, resulting in great economic loss to the farming industry. The first biological barriers that confer immune protection against pathogen entry are the fish mucosal surfaces. The present study was undertaken to investigate the influence of E. tarda on certain enzymatic and non-enzymatic parameters in the skin mucous secretions of the fish Cirrhinus mrigala using spectrophotometry and zymography. Fish were randomly divided into three groups: control, vehicle control, and infected. A sublethal dose of E. tarda (2.2 × 106 CFU/fish) suspended in 50 μL of PBS was injected intra-peritoneally at 0 day (d). Subsequently, mucus samples were collected at 2 d, 4 d, 6 d and 8 d post-infection. The activities of lysozyme (LYZ), protease (PROT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (PER), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) decreased significantly in the skin mucus of the challenged fish, indicating the suppressed immune system and decreased antioxidant capacity of C. mrigala to E. tarda infection. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) and total nitrate-nitrite were significantly higher at several time points post-infection, suggesting that physiological functions have been impaired following pathogen challenge. The present findings could be relevant for fish aquaculture and underline the importance of skin mucus not only for assessing fish immune status but also for identifying early warning signals of disease caused by pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Singh
- Department of Zoology, Skin Physiology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Ayan Srivastava
- Department of Zoology, MSM Samta College (BR Ambedkar Bihar University), Jandaha, Vaishali, Bihar, 844505, India
| | - Ashwini Kumar Nigam
- Udai Pratap Autonomous College, Bhojubir, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221002, India
| | - Usha Kumari
- Zoology Section, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Swati Mittal
- Department of Zoology, Skin Physiology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
| | - Ajay Kumar Mittal
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Present Address: 9, Mani Nagar, Near Asha Modern School, Kandawa road, Near Chitaipur, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221106, India
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Basak C, Chakraborty R. Gut-immunity modulation in Lepidocephalichthys guntea during Aeromonas hydrophila-infection and recovery assessed with transcriptome data. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22936. [PMID: 38130423 PMCID: PMC10735050 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The fish immune system, which consists of innate and adaptive immunologic processes, defends against viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. The gut immunity is an integral part of the host immune system that controls immunological homeostasis, hosts' interactions with their microbiomes, and provides defence against a number of intestinal infections. Lepidocephalichthys guntea, a facultative air-breathing fish, was experimentally infected with Aeromonas hydrophila using intraperitoneal injection followed by bath challenge, and transcriptome data were used to examine the gut immune responses during disease progression and recovery from the diseased state without the use of medication. For the control or uninfected fish (FGC) and the infected fish that were kept for seven days (FGE1) and fifteen days (FGE2), separate water tanks were set up. Coding DNA sequences (CDS) for FGC and FGE1, FGC and FGE2, and FGE1 and FGE2 were analyzed for differential gene expression (DGE). The presence and expression of genes involved in the T cell receptor (TCR) signalling pathway, natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity pathway, and complement-mediated pathway, along with a large number of other immune-related proteins, and heat shock protein (HSPs) under various experimental conditions and its relationship to immune modulation of the fish gut was the primary focus of this study. Significant up-and-down regulation of these pathways shows that, in FGE1, the fish's innate immune system was engaged, whereas in FGE2, the majority of innate immune mechanisms were repressed, and adaptive immunity was activated. Expression of genes related to the immune system and heat-shock proteins was induced during this host's immunological response, and this information was then used to build a thorough network relating to immunity and the heat-shock response. This is the first study to examine the relationship between pathogenic bacterial infection, disease reversal, and modification of innate and adaptive immunity as well as heat shock response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandana Basak
- OMICS Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri-734013, West Bengal, India
| | - Ranadhir Chakraborty
- OMICS Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri-734013, West Bengal, India
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Ali S, Shah SAUR, Rauf M, Hassan M, Ullah W, Dawar FU. Bactericidal role of epidermal mucus of freshwater fish treated with Aeromonas hydrophila. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2023; 46:1225-1237. [PMID: 37501533 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the bactericidal role of the epidermal mucus (EM) of five freshwater Cyprinid fish species namely Ctenopharyngodon idella, Labeo rohita, Catla catla, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, and Cirrhinus mrigala after treatment with Aeromonas hydrophila. Extracts of EM (crude and acidic) of each species showed bactericidal activity against various Gram -ve (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Aeromonas hydrophila, Edwardsiella tarda, Salmonella enterica, Klebsiella pneumonia, Serratia marcescens, and Enterobacter cloacae) and Gram +ve (Bacillus wiedmannii and Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria compared with standard antibiotics (Fosfomycin). The zone of inhibition (ZOI) was measured in millimetres against antibiotics (Fosfomycin). Variations in bactericidal activity of EM were observed against bacteria from the same and different fish species. The acidic extract was more effective than the crude extract and showed significantly higher ZOI values against various bacteria and Fosfomycin antibiotics. This result shows that fish EM may perform an important role in fish defence against bacteria. Therefore, this study may hint towards the substitution of synthetic antibiotics with fish EM that may be used as a novel 'bactericidal' in aquaculture as well as in humans against bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shandana Ali
- Laboratory of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Syed Ata Ur Rahman Shah
- Laboratory of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rauf
- Laboratory of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Maizom Hassan
- Institute of System Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Waheed Ullah
- Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Farman Ullah Dawar
- Laboratory of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
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Qiao D, Zhao Y, Pei C, Zhao X, Jiang X, Zhu L, Zhang J, Li L, Kong X. Two CcCCL19bs orchestrate an antibacterial immune response in Yellow River carp (Cyprinus carpio haematopterus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 140:108987. [PMID: 37541636 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are a group of chemotactic cytokines with an essential role in homeostasis as well as immunity via specific G protein-coupled receptors and atypical receptors. In our study, two Yellow River carp (Cyprinus carpio haematopterus) CCL19b genes (CcCCL19bs), tentatively named CcCCL19b_a and CcCCL19b_b, were cloned. The open reading frames (ORFs) of CcCCL19b_a and CcCCL19b_b were both 333 bp that encoded a 12 kDa protein with 110 amino acid residues. CcCCL19bs contained a signal peptide and a SCY domain with four typical conserved cysteine residues. The two CcCCL19b proteins shared high similarities with each other in both secondary and three-dimensional structure. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CcCCL19bs and other CCL19bs from tetraploid cyprinid fish were clustered into one clade. CcCCL19bs were highly expressed in gill and intestine in healthy fish, and a significant up-regulation of gene expression after Aeromonas hydrophila infection and poly(I:C) stimulation was observed in gill, liver, and head kidney. Furthermore, chemotaxis and antibacterial activity of CcCCL19bs were studied. The results indicated that recombinant CcCCL19b_a and CcCCL19b_b protein (rCcCCL19b_a and rCcCCL19b_b) exhibited significant attraction to primary head kidney leukocytes (HKLs). Meanwhile, both of rCcCCL19bs could promote the proliferation of HKLs, and significantly up-regulate the expressions of IL-1β, CCR7, and IL-6, and down-regulate the expression of IL-10 in primary HKLs. In vitro, rCcCCL19bs could bind and aggregate A. hydrophila and Staphylococcus aureus. The rCcCCL19bs exhibited significant antibacterial activity against A. hydrophila, but not S. aureus. Moreover, they inhibited the growth of A. hydrophila and S. aureus. In vivo, overexpression of CcCCL19bs contributed to the bacterial clearance. These studies suggested that CcCCL19bs orchestrate an antibacterial immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Qiao
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan province, PR China
| | - Yanjing Zhao
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan province, PR China
| | - Chao Pei
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan province, PR China
| | - Xianliang Zhao
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan province, PR China
| | - Xinyu Jiang
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan province, PR China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan province, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan province, PR China
| | - Li Li
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan province, PR China
| | - Xianghui Kong
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan province, PR China.
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Fei Y, Wang Q, Lu J, Ouyang L, Li W, Hu R, Chen L. Identification of antibacterial activity of LEAP2 from Antarctic icefish Chionodraco hamatus. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2023; 46:905-916. [PMID: 37245215 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) is a small peptide, which is consisted of signal peptide, pro-peptide and the bioactive mature peptide. Mature LEAP2 is an antibacterial peptide with four highly conserved cysteines forming two intramolecular disulfide bonds. Chionodraco hamatus, an Antarctic notothenioid fish that lives in the coldest water, has white blood unlike most fish of the world. In this study, the LEAP2 coding sequence was cloned from C. hamatus, including a 29 amino acids signal peptide and mature peptide of 46 amino acids. High levels of LEAP2 mRNA were detected in the skin and liver. Mature peptide was obtained by chemical synthesis in vitro, displayed selective antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli, Aeromonas hydrophila, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae. Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 showed bactericidal activity by destroying the cell membrane integrity and robustly combined with bacterial genomic DNA. In addition, overexpression of the Tol-LEAP2-EGFP in zebrafish larva showed stronger antimicrobial activity in C. hamatus than in zebrafish, accompanied by lower bacterial load and expression of pro-inflammatory factors. This is the first demonstration of the antimicrobial activity of LEAP2 from C. hamatus, which is of useful value in improving resistance to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Fei
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jigang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linyue Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiqin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangbiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Scott E, Brewer MS, Peralta AL, Issa FA. The Effects of Social Experience on Host Gut Microbiome in Male Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2023; 244:177-189. [PMID: 38457676 DOI: 10.1086/729377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
AbstractAlthough the gut and the brain vastly differ in physiological function, they have been interlinked in a variety of different neurological and behavioral disorders. The bacteria that comprise the gut microbiome communicate and influence the function of various physiological processes within the body, including nervous system function. However, the effects of social experience in the context of dominance and social stress on gut microbiome remain poorly understood. Here, we examined whether social experience impacts the host zebrafish (Danio rerio) gut microbiome. We studied how social dominance during the first 2 weeks of social interactions changed the composition of zebrafish gut microbiome by comparing gut bacterial composition, diversity, and relative abundance between socially dominant, submissive, social isolates and control group-housed communal fish. Using amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, we report that social dominance significantly affects host gut bacterial community composition but not bacterial diversity. At the genus level, Aeromonas and unclassified Enterobacteriaceae relative abundance decreased in dominant individuals while commensal bacteria (e.g., Exiguobacterium and Cetobacterium) increased in relative abundance. Conversely, the relative abundance of Psychrobacter and Acinetobacter was increased in subordinates, isolates, and communal fish compared to dominant fish. The shift in commensal and pathogenic bacteria highlights the impact of social experience and the accompanying stress on gut microbiome, with potentially similar effects in other social organisms.
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10
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Jia Z, Feng J, Yuan G, Xiao H, Dang H, Zhang Y, Chen K, Zou J, Wang J. The Meteorin-like cytokine is upregulated in grass carp after infection with Aeromonas hydrophila. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 141:104632. [PMID: 36608897 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Meteorin-like (Metrnl) is a novel immune regulatory factor or adipokine which is mainly produced by activated macrophages. In teleost fish, two homologs are present. In this study, monoclonal antibodies were prepared against recombinant grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella, Ci) Metrnl-a in mice and characterized by Western blotting, flow cytometry and immunofluorescent microscopy. In grass carp infected with Aeromonus hydrophila (A. hydrophila), the cells expressing CiMetrnl-a markedly increased in the gills, head kidney and intestine. In the inflamed intestine caused by A. hydrophila infection, the CiMetrnl-a producing cells were detected mainly in the mucosal layer of anterior, middle and posterior segments. Consistently, qRT-PCR analysis showed that the mRNA expression of CiMetrnl-a was markedly induced. Our results suggest that CiMetrnl-a is involved in regulating intestine inflammation caused by bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jianhua Feng
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Gaoliang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Hehe Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Huifeng Dang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yanwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Kangyong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jun Zou
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, China
| | - Junya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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11
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Qosimah D, Santoso S, Maftuch M, Khotimah H, Fitri LE, Aulanni'am A, Suwanti LT. Aeromonas hydrophila induction method in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) as animal infection models. Vet World 2023; 16:250-257. [PMID: 37042012 PMCID: PMC10082706 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.250-257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Zebrafish are frequently used as model organisms in scientific research as their genes mirror those of humans. Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria can infect humans and animals, mainly fish. This study aimed to identify the concentration and route of A. hydrophila infection in adult zebrafish. Zebrafish had been used as a challenge test by analyzing their hematological profiles, blood glucose levels, and survival rates.
Materials and Methods: Induction of cell supernatant free (CSF) from A. hydrophila bacteria in adult zebrafish was carried out via bath immersion (BI), intraperitoneal injection (IPI), intramuscular injection (IMI), and healthy zebrafish as a control (C). The bacterial concentrations were 107, 109, and 1011 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL. At 24 h post-infection, the outcomes of infection were evaluated based on survival rates, hematological profiles, and blood glucose levels. A one-way analysis of variance with a confidence level of 95% was employed to examine the data.
Results: In the BI, IPI, and IMI treatment groups, the survival rate of the fish reached a peak of 100%, 22%–100%, and 16%–63%, respectively, compared with the injection technique. In the IMI2 group, a 109 CFU/mL bacterial concentration was determined to correspond to the lethal dosage 50. All infection groups had lower erythrocyte and hemoglobin counts but higher leukocyte counts than the control group. The blood sugar levels of the healthy and infected groups were not significantly different.
Conclusion: The route of A. hydrophila infection through Intramuscular injection with a concentration of 109 CFU/mL indicated a high performance compared to other techniques. This method could be developed as a reproducible challenge test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahliatul Qosimah
- Doctoral Study Program in Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia; Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Sanarto Santoso
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Maftuch Maftuch
- Laboratory of Fish Diseases, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Husnul Khotimah
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Loeki Enggar Fitri
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Aulanni'am Aulanni'am
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Lucia Tri Suwanti
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
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12
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Petry F, Oltramari AR, Kuhn KZ, Schneider SE, Mazon SC, Garbinato CLL, Aguiar GPS, Kreutz LC, Oliveira JV, Siebel AM, Müller LG. Fluoxetine and Curcumin Prevent the Alterations in Locomotor and Exploratory Activities and Social Interaction Elicited by Immunoinflammatory Activation in Zebrafish: Involvement of BDNF and Proinflammatory Cytokines. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:389-399. [PMID: 36634245 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The increase in proinflammatory cytokine expression causes behavioral changes consistent with sickness behavior, and this led to the suggestion that depression might be a psychoneuroimmunological phenomenon. Here, we evaluated the effects of the pretreatment with fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and curcumin (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) on the immune response elicited by the inoculation of an Aeromonas hydrophila bacterin in zebrafish. Non-pretreated but A. hydrophila-inoculated and sham-inoculated groups of fish served as controls. The social preference, locomotor, exploratory activities, and cerebral expression of il1b, il6, tnfa, and bdnf mRNA were compared among the groups. Behavioral changes characteristic of sickness behavior and a significant increase in the expression of il1b and il6 cytokines were found in fish from the immunostimulated group. The behavioral alterations caused by the inflammatory process were different between males and females, which was coincident with the increased expression of cerebral BDNF. Fluoxetine and curcumin prevented the sickness behavior induced by A. hydrophila and the increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Our results point to the potential of zebrafish as a translational model in studies related to neuroinflammation and demonstrate for the first time the effects of fluoxetine and curcumin on zebrafish sickness behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Petry
- Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Community University of Chapecó Region (Unochapecó), Servidão Anjo da Guarda, 295 D, Chapecó, Santa Catarina89809-900, Brazil
| | - Amanda R Oltramari
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Community University of Chapecó Region (Unochapecó), Servidão Anjo da Guarda, 295 D, Chapecó, Santa Catarina89809-900, Brazil
| | - Ketelin Z Kuhn
- School of Health Sciences, Community University of Chapecó Region (Unochapecó), Servidão Anjo da Guarda, 295 D, Chapecó, Santa Catarina89809-900, Brazil
| | - Sabrina E Schneider
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Community University of Chapecó Region (Unochapecó), Servidão Anjo da Guarda, 295 D, Chapecó, Santa Catarina89809-900, Brazil
| | - Samara C Mazon
- Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Community University of Chapecó Region (Unochapecó), Servidão Anjo da Guarda, 295 D, Chapecó, Santa Catarina89809-900, Brazil
| | - Cristiane L L Garbinato
- Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Community University of Chapecó Region (Unochapecó), Servidão Anjo da Guarda, 295 D, Chapecó, Santa Catarina89809-900, Brazil
| | - Gean P S Aguiar
- Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Community University of Chapecó Region (Unochapecó), Servidão Anjo da Guarda, 295 D, Chapecó, Santa Catarina89809-900, Brazil
| | - Luiz C Kreutz
- Laboratory of Advanced Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Program in Bioexperimentation, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), BR 285, São José, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul99052-900, Brazil
| | - J Vladimir Oliveira
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), R. Eng. Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina88040-900, Brazil
| | - Anna M Siebel
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande, Av. Itália, Km 8, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul96203-900, Brazil
| | - Liz G Müller
- Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Community University of Chapecó Region (Unochapecó), Servidão Anjo da Guarda, 295 D, Chapecó, Santa Catarina89809-900, Brazil.,School of Health Sciences, Community University of Chapecó Region (Unochapecó), Servidão Anjo da Guarda, 295 D, Chapecó, Santa Catarina89809-900, Brazil
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13
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Das S, Pradhan C, Pillai D. Dietary coriander (Coriandrum sativum L) oil improves antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, innate immune responses and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 132:108486. [PMID: 36513321 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.108486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The use of essential oils (EOs) as a natural alternative to antibiotics for disease prevention strategies is gaining much interest in recent decade. Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) essential oil is rich in bioactive compounds like linalool and geranyl acetate which have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. The present work was proposed to evaluate the inclusion levels of coriander oil in tilapia feed to enhance tilapia health and resistance to bacterial infection. Five iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipidic feeds were prepared with graded levels of coriander oil (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2%). The fish were then fed with the five experimental diet twice daily for a period of 60 days in triplicate. Haemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, mean cell haemoglobin increased significantly in the coriander oil treated groups. The thrombocyte count was more in 2% inclusion level. The superoxide dismutase activity increased significantly in all the treated groups. The feeds with 1.5 and 2% coriander oil showed increased respiratory burst and myeloperoxidase activities while lysozyme and antiprotease activities were significantly higher in 1, 1.5 and 2% dietary treatments compared to control. The survival increased in dose dependent manner post challenge with an intraperitoneal injection of Aeromonas hydrophila at a LD50 dose of 5 × 106 cfu mL-1. The feed containing 1, 1.5 and 2% of coriander oil showed 89, 100 and 100% survival respectively compared to 39% in control diet. The expression level of IgM and IL-8 increased significantly post challenge with A. hydrophila in coriander oil fed groups. The expressions of TNFα, IL-1β, TGFβ and HSP 70 genes, however, decreased significantly in the treated groups compared to control. Histopathological examination of spleen showed large melano-macrophage centers in control and 0.5% coriander fed group with signs of necrosis and vacuolation post A. hydrophila infection, whereas 1, 1.5 and 2% treated groups showed normal architecture of spleen. From the above observations it can be concluded that coriander oil with 1% incorporation in feed improves tilapia health and resistance to bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Das
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Chiranjiv Pradhan
- Department of Aquaculture, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Devika Pillai
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, Kerala, India.
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14
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Kütter MT, Barcellos LJG, Boyle RT, Marins LF, Silveira T. Good practices in the rearing and maintenance of zebrafish (Danio rerio) in Brazilian laboratories. CIÊNCIA ANIMAL BRASILEIRA 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-6891v24e-74134e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) is a management quality control system that encompasses the organizational process and conditions under which non-clinical health and environmental studies are carried out. According to the World Health Organization, GLP must contain five topics: resources, characterization, rules, results, and quality control. This work aims to address a review according to WHO standards of implementing Good Laboratory Practices in zebrafish (Danio rerio) vivariums. Considering that the promotion of one health (animal, human, and environmental) associated with an education plan, protocols, and records are fundamental to guarantee the safety and integrity of employees, animals, and the environment as well as reliability in the results generated. In a way, Brazil still needs improvements related to the well-being of aquatic organisms (national laws, international agreements, corporate programs, and others), especially concerning its use in research and technological development. In this way, the implementation of GLPs provides valuable guidance for improving animal welfare and worker safety, facilitating the standardization of research.
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15
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Sathiyanarayanan A, Yashwanth BS, Pinto N, Thakuria D, Chaudhari A, Gireesh Babu P, Goswami M. Establishment and characterization of a new fibroblast-like cell line from the skin of a vertebrate model, zebrafish (Danio rerio). Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:19-29. [PMID: 36289143 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The available fully sequenced genome and genetic similarities compared to humans make zebrafish a prominent in vitro vertebrate model for drug discovery & screening, toxicology, and radiation biology. Zebrafish also possess well developed immune systems which is ideal for studying infectious diseases. Fish skin confers immunity by serving as a physical barrier against the invading pathogens in the aquatic habitat. Therefore in vitro models from the skin tissue of zebrafish help to study the physiology, functional genes in vitro, wound healing, and pathogenicity of microbes. Hence the study aimed to develop and characterize a skin cell line from the wild-type zebrafish Danio rerio. METHODS AND RESULTS A novel cell line designated as DRS (D. rerio skin) was established and characterized from the skin tissue of wild-type zebrafish, D. rerio, by the explant technique. The cells thrived well in the Leibovitz's -15 medium supplemented with 15% FBS and routinely passaged at regular intervals. The DRS cells mainly feature fibroblast-like morphology. The culture conditions of the cells were determined by incubating the cells at varying concentrations of FBS and temperature; the optimum was 15% FBS and 28 °C, respectively. Cells were cryopreserved and revived with 70-75% viability at different passage levels. Two extracellular products from bacterial species Aeromonas hydrophila and Edwardsiella tarda were tested and found toxic to the DRS cells. Mitochondrial genes, namely COI and 16S rRNA PCR amplification and partial sequencing authenticated the species of origin of cells. The modal diploid (2n) chromosome number of the cells was 50. The cell line DRS was found to be free from mycoplasma. The cells were transfected with pMaxGFP plasmid and tested positive for green fluorescence at 24-48 h post-transfection. CONCLUSION The findings from this study thus confirm the usefulness of the developed cell line in bacterial susceptibility and transgene expression studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjunan Sathiyanarayanan
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri West, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400061, India
| | - B S Yashwanth
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri West, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400061, India
| | - Nevil Pinto
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri West, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400061, India
| | - Dimpal Thakuria
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Anusandhan Bhawan, Industrial Area, Bhimtal, 263136, India
| | - Aparna Chaudhari
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri West, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400061, India
| | - P Gireesh Babu
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Meat, Chengicherla, Boduppal Post, Hyderabad, 500092, India
| | - Mukunda Goswami
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri West, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400061, India.
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16
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Kütter MT, Barcellos LJG, Boyle RT, Marins LF, Silveira T. Boas práticas na criação e manutenção de zebrafish (Danio rerio) em laboratório no Brasil. CIÊNCIA ANIMAL BRASILEIRA 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-6891v24e-74134p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Resumo As Boas Práticas de Laboratório (BPL) são um sistema de controle de qualidade gerencial que abrange o processo organizacional e as condições sob as quais os estudos não clínicos de saúde e meio ambiente são desenvolvidos. Conforme a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) as BPL devem conter cinco tópicos: recursos, caracterização, regras, resultados e controle de qualidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar uma revisão conforme o padrão da OMS para a implementação das BPL em biotério de zebrafish. Considerando que a promoção da saúde única (animal, humana e ambiental) associada a um plano de educação, protocolos e registros são fundamentais para garantir a segurança e a integridade dos trabalhadores/pesquisadores, animais e meio ambiente assim como confiabilidade nos resultados gerados. De certa forma o Brasil ainda necessita de melhorias relacionadas ao bem-estar de organismos aquáticos (leis nacionais, acordos internacionais, programas corporativos e outros); especialmente em relação à utilização deste na pesquisa e desenvolvimento tecnológico. Desta forma, a implementação de BPL fornece uma orientação valiosa para a melhoria do bem-estar animal, e segurança do trabalhador vindo a facilitar a padronização da pesquisa.
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17
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Perumal S, Samy MG, Subramanian D. Effect of novel therapeutic medicine swertiamarin from Enicostema axillare in zebrafish infected with Salmonella typhi. Chem Biol Drug Des 2022; 100:1033-1041. [PMID: 36178071 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Herbal treatments have been practiced by humans over centuries and therefore possess time-proven safety. However, it is crucial to evaluate the toxic effects of herbal medicine to confirm their safety, particularly when developing therapeutic drugs. Use of laboratory animals such as mice, rat, and rabbits was considered as gold standard in herbal toxicity assessments. However, in the last few decades, the ethical consideration of using higher vertebrates for toxicity testing has become more controversial. As a possible alternative model involving lower vertebrates such as zebra fish were introduced. Hence in the present study, swertiamain compound isolated from E. axillare was assessed for it antimicrobial activity in zebra fish larvae againt S. typhi. The cumulative mortality rate and bacterial localization in zebra fish larvae were studied. Biochemical markers assays were performed to find the preventive role of the compound during the typhoid infection. The results showed that zebra fish can be successfully used as a model to study typhoid infection and the anti-bacterial compound swertiamarin used in this study clears the bacterial load and pathogenic symptoms to a great extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasidharan Perumal
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
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18
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Kushala KB, Nithin MS, Girisha SK, Dheeraj SB, Sowndarya NS, Puneeth TG, Suresh T, Naveen Kumar BT, Vinay TN. Fish immune responses to natural infection with carp edema virus (Koi sleepy disease): An emerging fish disease in India. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 130:624-634. [PMID: 36126841 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Emerging pathogen, carp edema virus (CEV) causes koi sleepy disease (KSD) in Koi and common carp causing severe mortalities worldwide. In the present study, a total of 150 fish species belonging to eight different families were sampled from the ornamental fish retailers and farms, located in Karnataka, India. The OIE protocol viz., level-I, II and III diagnoses confirmed the infection of CEV in 10 koi fish. Interestingly, other fish species belonging to different fish family including cyprinidae family were negative to CEV. Further, CEV infection was confirmed by sequencing (partial 4a gene); it showed the similarity with that of CEV reported from India and Germany strains with similarity of 97.4-99.94% and belonged to genogroup IIa. TEM analysis of purified CEV, in vivo cohabitation and tissue infection experiments confirmed the CEV infection. In addition, viral load was significantly higher (106-7 copies) in koi collected from Dakshina Kannada than of Bengaluru (103-4 copies). To understand the host-pathogen interaction, different organs such as gill, kidney, liver and spleen from naturally (CEV) infected koi were used to study the immune gene responses by using eight innate and one adaptive immune response. Results indicated that TNF-α, RohTNF-α, iNOS, IFN-γ and IL-10, and catalyze β-2M of MHC class I pathway genes were upregulated in koi. Higher expression of immune genes during the CEV infection may have inhibited viral replication and mount an antigenic adaptive response. Similar to other viral infections, interferon-γ play an important role during poxvirus infections. Quantification of immune genes in infected fish will provide insights into the host responses and provide valuable information to devise intervention strategies to prevent and control disease due to CEV.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Kushala
- College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Matsyanagar, Mangalore, 575002, Karnataka, India
| | - M S Nithin
- College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Matsyanagar, Mangalore, 575002, Karnataka, India
| | - S K Girisha
- College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Matsyanagar, Mangalore, 575002, Karnataka, India.
| | - S B Dheeraj
- College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Matsyanagar, Mangalore, 575002, Karnataka, India
| | - N S Sowndarya
- College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Matsyanagar, Mangalore, 575002, Karnataka, India
| | - T G Puneeth
- College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Matsyanagar, Mangalore, 575002, Karnataka, India
| | - T Suresh
- College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Matsyanagar, Mangalore, 575002, Karnataka, India
| | - B T Naveen Kumar
- College of Fisheries, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India.
| | - T N Vinay
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, MRC Nagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600028, India
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Gao J, Liu M, Guo H, Zhu K, Liu B, Liu B, Zhang N, Zhang D. ROS Induced by Streptococcus agalactiae Activate Inflammatory Responses via the TNF-α/NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Golden Pompano Trachinotus ovatus (Linnaeus, 1758). Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091809. [PMID: 36139883 PMCID: PMC9495563 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae is common pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture and can cause mass mortality after fish infection. This study aimed to investigate the effects of S. agalactiae infection on the immune and antioxidant regulatory mechanisms of golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus). Serum and liver samples were obtained at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96, and 120 h after golden pompano infection with S. agalactiae for enzyme activity and gene expression analyses. After infection with S. agalactiae, the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in serum was significantly increased (p < 0.05). Serum levels of glucose (GLU), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and malondialdehyde (MDA) increased and then decreased (p < 0.05), reaching a maximum at 6 h. Serum antioxidant enzyme (LZM) activity increased significantly (p < 0.05) and reached a maximum at 120 h. In addition, the mRNA expression levels of antioxidant genes (SOD, CAT, and GPx) in the liver increased and then decreased, reaching the maximum at 24 h, 48 h, and 24 h, respectively. During the experimental period, the mRNA expression levels of NF-κB-related genes of the inflammatory signaling pathway inhibitory κB (IκB) showed an overall decreasing trend (p < 0.05) and the lowest expression at 120 h, whereas the mRNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IκB kinase (IKK), and nuclear factor NF-κB increased significantly (p < 0.05) and the highest expression was at 120 h. In conclusion, these results showed that S. agalactiae could activate internal regulatory signaling in the liver of golden pompano to induce defense and immune responses. This study is expected to lay a foundation to develop the healthy aquaculture of golden pompano and promote a more comprehensive understanding of its disease resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, China
- Ocean College, Hebei Agricultural University, Qinhuangdao 066000, China
- Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya 572019, China
| | - Mingjian Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, China
- Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya 572019, China
| | - Huayang Guo
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, China
- Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya 572019, China
| | - Kecheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, China
- Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya 572019, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, China
- Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya 572019, China
| | - Baosuo Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, China
- Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya 572019, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, China
- Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya 572019, China
| | - Dianchang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, China
- Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya 572019, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou 510300, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-20-8910-8316; Fax: +86-20-8445-1442
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20
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Ding N, Jiang L, Wang X, Wang C, Geng Y, Zhang J, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Yuan Q, Liu H. Polyethylene microplastic exposure and concurrent effect with Aeromonas hydrophila infection on zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:63964-63972. [PMID: 35467190 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20308-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are widely distributed in the environment, raising significant concerns owing to their potential negative effects on humans. Zebrafish were used in this study to assess the toxicity of microplastic exposure. Adult zebrafish were exposed to polyethylene (PE) microplastics with smooth clustered sphere shapes and diameters of 75-100 µm for 35 days. Survival rates of the zebrafish were not significantly affected, whereas growth rates were. Analyses on oxidative stress-related enzyme activities showed that glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and glutathione s-transferase (GST) production in the intestines was stimulated when exposed to low concentrations of microplastics (0.1 and 1 mg/L), while superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), GSH, and GSH-PX production was suppressed when exposed to 10 mg/L microplastics. Enzyme activities in the muscles were much less affected. Intestinal injuries and changes in colony structure in the intestines were observed in zebrafish following exposure to microplastics. After 35 days of exposure, concurrent exposure to microplastics and Aeromonas hydrophila did not increase zebrafish mortality compared with those challenged by bacteria alone. This study confirms that intestinal enzyme activities of zebrafish are altered by exposure to PE microplastics but mortality and bacterial infection were not significantly affected under the tested conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ding
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road No.11, Beijing, 100048, Haidian District, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Comprehensive Utilization of Resources, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road No.11, Beijing, 100048, Haidian District, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road No.11, Beijing, 100048, Haidian District, China
| | - Chun Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road No.11, Beijing, 100048, Haidian District, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Comprehensive Utilization of Resources, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Geng
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road No.11, Beijing, 100048, Haidian District, China
| | - Jianxin Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road No.11, Beijing, 100048, Haidian District, China
| | - Yingxue Sun
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road No.11, Beijing, 100048, Haidian District, China.
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Comprehensive Utilization of Resources, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yanping Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road No.11, Beijing, 100048, Haidian District, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Comprehensive Utilization of Resources, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road No.11, Beijing, 100048, Haidian District, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Comprehensive Utilization of Resources, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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21
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Kumar J, Kumar M, Sharma S, Srivastava N, Singh R, Hussain MA, Mazumder S. Th1-Th2 and M1-M2 interplay sculpt Aeromonas hydrophila pathogenesis in zebrafish (Danio rerio). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:357-365. [PMID: 35772676 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is an important aquatic zoonotic pathogen that causes septicemia, necrotizing fasciitis and gastroenteritis in various aquatic and non-aquatic animals. However, the pathogenesis of A. hydrophila is not fully understood. Here, we examined the pathogenicity and histopathology of A. hydrophila in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) model system. We found that the intensity of symptoms and mortality is dose-dependent. Bacterial colonization studies demonstrated that A. hydrophila never cleared out from the fish body but stayed in a state of inactivity till it enters a fresh host. Reinfection studies showed that exposure to A. hydrophila provides immunity against future infection and hence improves fish survival. Gene expression studies revealed the crosstalk between T-helper cell and macrophage responses in fish immune system in response to A. hydrophila and infection memory. Histopathological studies showed that symptoms of tissue damage and inflammation lasted for less duration with less intensity in immunized fish when compared to non-immunized fish. Together, our results suggest that the zebrafish model is a useful system in studying the interplay between A. hydrophila pathogenesis, persistence and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai Kumar
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Manmohan Kumar
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Shagun Sharma
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Nidhi Srivastava
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India; Department of Zoology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Maharaja Agrasen University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 174103, India
| | - Rashmi Singh
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Md Arafat Hussain
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Shibnath Mazumder
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India; Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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22
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Lu ZY, Feng L, Jiang WD, Wu P, Liu Y, Jin XW, Ren HM, Kuang SY, Li SW, Tang L, Zhang L, Mi HF, Zhou XQ. An Antioxidant Supplement Function Exploration: Rescue of Intestinal Structure Injury by Mannan Oligosaccharides after Aeromonas hydrophila Infection in Grass Carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella). Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050806. [PMID: 35624670 PMCID: PMC9137958 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) are a type of functional oligosaccharide which have received increased attention because of their beneficial effects on fish intestinal health. However, intestinal structural integrity is a necessary prerequisite for intestinal health. This study focused on exploring the protective effects of dietary MOS supplementation on the grass carp’s (Ctenopharyngodon idella) intestinal structural integrity (including tight junction (TJ) and adherent junction (AJ)) and its related signalling molecule mechanism. A total of 540 grass carp (215.85 ± 0.30 g) were fed six diets containing graded levels of dietary MOS supplementation (0, 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 mg/kg) for 60 days. Subsequently, a challenge test was conducted by injection of Aeromonas hydrophila for 14 days. We used ELISA, spectrophotometry, transmission electron microscope, immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR and Western blotting to determine the effect of dietary MOS supplementation on intestinal structural integrity and antioxidant capacity. The results revealed that dietary MOS supplementation protected the microvillus of the intestine; reduced serum diamine oxidase and d-lactate levels (p < 0.05); enhanced intestinal total antioxidant capacity (p < 0.01); up-regulated most intestinal TJ and AJ mRNA levels; and decreased GTP-RhoA protein levels (p < 0.01). In addition, we also found several interesting results suggesting that MOS supplementation has no effects on ZO-2 and Claudin-15b. Overall, these findings suggested that dietary MOS supplementation could protect intestinal ultrastructure, reduce intestinal mucosal permeability and maintain intestinal structural integrity via inhibiting MLCK and RhoA/ROCK signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yuan Lu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.-Y.L.); (L.F.); (W.-D.J.); (P.W.); (Y.L.); (X.-W.J.); (H.-M.R.)
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.-Y.L.); (L.F.); (W.-D.J.); (P.W.); (Y.L.); (X.-W.J.); (H.-M.R.)
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.-Y.L.); (L.F.); (W.-D.J.); (P.W.); (Y.L.); (X.-W.J.); (H.-M.R.)
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.-Y.L.); (L.F.); (W.-D.J.); (P.W.); (Y.L.); (X.-W.J.); (H.-M.R.)
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.-Y.L.); (L.F.); (W.-D.J.); (P.W.); (Y.L.); (X.-W.J.); (H.-M.R.)
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Wan Jin
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.-Y.L.); (L.F.); (W.-D.J.); (P.W.); (Y.L.); (X.-W.J.); (H.-M.R.)
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hong-Mei Ren
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.-Y.L.); (L.F.); (W.-D.J.); (P.W.); (Y.L.); (X.-W.J.); (H.-M.R.)
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Sheng-Yao Kuang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610066, China; (S.-Y.K.); (S.-W.L.); (L.T.)
| | - Shu-Wei Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610066, China; (S.-Y.K.); (S.-W.L.); (L.T.)
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610066, China; (S.-Y.K.); (S.-W.L.); (L.T.)
| | - Lu Zhang
- Healthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Tongwei Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610041, China; (L.Z.); (H.-F.M.)
| | - Hai-Feng Mi
- Healthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Tongwei Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610041, China; (L.Z.); (H.-F.M.)
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.-Y.L.); (L.F.); (W.-D.J.); (P.W.); (Y.L.); (X.-W.J.); (H.-M.R.)
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence:
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23
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Adeyemi JA, Ogunwole GA, Bamidele OS, Adedire CO. Effects of pre-treatment with waterborne selenium on redox homeostasis and humoral innate immune parameters in African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822), experimentally challenged with Serratia marcescens. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:409-418. [PMID: 35184248 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01059-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infections have been associated with immune dysfunction and oxidative stress in cultured fish species while essential elements could boost immunity and exhibit antioxidant properties in fish. This study was therefore aimed at determining the effects of pre-treatment with waterborne selenium on humoral immunity and redox status of Clarias gariepinus experimentally challenged with Serratia marcescens. Juveniles C. gariepinus were pre-treated with 50 µg/L selenium for 14 days after which they were challenged with 5 × 103 CFU/mL of S. marcescens via oral gavage for 24 or 48 h. The control fish were not pre-treated with selenium and not challenged with bacteria. Thereafter, fish were sacrificed, blood collected into EDTA bottles for the determination of plasma nitric oxide levels and respiratory burst, and the liver excised for the determination of reduced glutathione, lipid peroxidation, and activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase. Fish that were pre-treated with selenium prior to bacterial challenge (Sel + Bact) had decreased levels of nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation but a significant increase in the levels of reduced glutathione (at 48-h post-infection period only) compared to the fish challenged with bacteria without prior selenium pre-treatment (Bact). The respiratory burst and catalase activity decreased significantly in the Sel + Bact group especially at 48-h post-infection period while the activity of glutathione peroxidase increased significantly in the Sel + Bact group (at 24-h post-infection period only) compared to the Bact group. The results from this study showed that infection with S. marcescens is capable of disrupting the immune system and redox homeostasis in C. gariepinus, while pre-treatment with selenium has the ability to improve the physiological status of fish that were challenged with bacteria probably through its antioxidant properties. HIGHLIGHT: The pre-treatment of Clarias gariepinus to waterborne selenium for 14 days improved the redox homeostasis and innate immunity of fish that were experimentally challenged with the bacterium, Serratia marcescens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Adeyemi
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria.
| | - Germaine A Ogunwole
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Olufemi S Bamidele
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Chris O Adedire
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria
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24
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Sun Q, Wang J, Wang G, Wang H, Liu H. Integrated analysis of lncRNA and mRNA in liver of Megalobrama amblycephala post Aeromonas hydrophila infection. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:653. [PMID: 34511071 PMCID: PMC8435129 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07969-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As non-coding RNA molecules of more than 200 bp in length, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a variety of roles in biological processes, including regulating the immune responses to bacterial infections. In recent years, there have been many in-depth studies on mammalian lncRNAs, but the relevant studies in fish are very limited. Meanwhile, since lncRNAs are not conserved among species, it is difficult to apply the existing results directly to unstudied species. Results To obtain the information of lncRNAs in Megalobrama amblycephala, one of the most economically important freshwater fish in China, also to better understand the biological significance of lncRNAs in the immunity system, the fish liver at 0, 4, 12, 24, and 72 h post Aeromonas hydrophila infection (hpi) were obtained for lncRNA-sequencing (lncRNA-seq). A total of 14,849 lncRNAs were identified, and 2196 lncRNAs showed significant differences at different time points post A. hydrophila infection. Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses showed that the target genes of the differentially expressed lncRNAs were enriched in several pathways related to immune such as apoptosis, inflammation, and immune response. Time-specific modules were then identified, using weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA), and 28 modules significantly correlated with different time point after infection were found. Furthermore, four immune-related genes and six lncRNAs in the time-specific modules were subsequently verified by RT-qPCR. Conclusions The above findings reveal the discovery of widespread differentially expressed lncRNAs in the M. amblycephala liver post A. hydrophila infection, suggesting that lncRNAs might participate in the regulation of host response to bacterial infection, enriching the information of lncRNAs in teleost and providing a resources basis for further studies on the immune function of lncRNAs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07969-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhui Sun
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair / Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jixiu Wang
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair / Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guowen Wang
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair / Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huanling Wang
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair / Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hong Liu
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair / Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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25
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Garcia KD, Coda KA, Smith AA, Condren AR, Deng Y, Perkins C, Sanchez LM, Fortman JD. The Effects of Water Volume and Bacterial Concentration on the Water Filtration Assay Used in Zebrafish Health Surveillance. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021; 60:655-660. [PMID: 34470695 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-21-000004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The number of zebrafish in biomedical research has increased exponentially over the past decades, leading to pressure onthe laboratory animal community to develop and refine techniques to monitor zebrafish health so that suitable stocks can be maintained for research. The water filtration assay is a promising technique in which water from a zebrafish system is filtered, and the filter analyzed by PCR. In the present report, we studied how the volume of water tested and the concentration of bacterial pathogens affected test results. To do so, we used stock solutions of 3 zebrafish pathogens: Edwardsiella ictaluri, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Mycobacterium marinum. We used these stocks to create solutions with known concentrations of each pathogen, ranging between 102 and 107 Colony Forming Units (CFU) per ml. One, 2, and 3 L of each solution was filtered using positive pressure, and the filters were submitted to a commercial lab for PCR testing. Results were fit with a logistic regression model, and the probability of obtaining a positive result were calculated. Test sensitivity varied by organism, but in general, test results were positively correlated with the volume of the water filtered and with the concentration of bacteria in solution. We conclude that a positive result can be expected for E. ictaluri at 105 CFU per mL, A. hydrophila at 106 CFU perml, and M. marinum at 106 CFU per mL, when 3 L of solution are filtered.
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26
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Zulazmi NA, Arulsamy A, Ali I, Zainal Abidin SA, Othman I, Shaikh MF. The utilization of small non-mammals in traumatic brain injury research: A systematic review. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 27:381-402. [PMID: 33539662 PMCID: PMC7941175 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide and has complicated underlying pathophysiology. Numerous TBI animal models have been developed over the past decade to effectively mimic the human TBI pathophysiology. These models are of mostly mammalian origin including rodents and non-human primates. However, the mammalian models demanded higher costs and have lower throughput often limiting the progress in TBI research. Thus, this systematic review aims to discuss the potential benefits of non-mammalian TBI models in terms of their face validity in resembling human TBI. Three databases were searched as follows: PubMed, Scopus, and Embase, for original articles relating to non-mammalian TBI models, published between January 2010 and December 2019. A total of 29 articles were selected based on PRISMA model for critical appraisal. Zebrafish, both larvae and adult, was found to be the most utilized non-mammalian TBI model in the current literature, followed by the fruit fly and roundworm. In conclusion, non-mammalian TBI models have advantages over mammalian models especially for rapid, cost-effective, and reproducible screening of effective treatment strategies and provide an opportunity to expedite the advancement of TBI research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Atiqah Zulazmi
- Neuropharmacology Research LaboratoryJeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health SciencesMonash University MalaysiaSelangor Darul EhsanMalaysia
| | - Alina Arulsamy
- Neuropharmacology Research LaboratoryJeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health SciencesMonash University MalaysiaSelangor Darul EhsanMalaysia
| | - Idrish Ali
- Department of NeuroscienceCentral Clinical SchoolThe Alfred HospitalMonash UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Syafiq Asnawi Zainal Abidin
- Neuropharmacology Research LaboratoryJeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health SciencesMonash University MalaysiaSelangor Darul EhsanMalaysia
- Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LCMS) PlatformJeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health SciencesMonash University MalaysiaSelangor Darul EhsanMalaysia
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Neuropharmacology Research LaboratoryJeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health SciencesMonash University MalaysiaSelangor Darul EhsanMalaysia
- Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LCMS) PlatformJeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health SciencesMonash University MalaysiaSelangor Darul EhsanMalaysia
| | - Mohd. Farooq Shaikh
- Neuropharmacology Research LaboratoryJeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health SciencesMonash University MalaysiaSelangor Darul EhsanMalaysia
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27
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Gao L, Penglee R, Huang Y, Yi X, Wang X, Liu L, Gong X, Bao B. CRISPR/Cas9-induced nos2b mutant zebrafish display behavioral abnormalities. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2020; 20:e12716. [PMID: 33200539 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The immunomodulatory function of nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) has been extensively studied. However, some behavioral abnormalities caused by its mutations have been found in a few rodent studies, of which the molecular mechanism remains elusive. In this research, we generated nos2b gene knockout zebrafish (nos2bsou2/sou2 ) using CRISPR/Cas9 approach and investigated their behavioral and molecular changes by doing a series of behavioral detections, morphological measurements, and molecular analyses. We found that, compared with nos2b+/+ zebrafish, nos2bsou2/sou2 zebrafish exhibited enhanced motor activity; additionally, nos2bsou2/sou2 zebrafish were characterized by smaller brain size, abnormal structure of optic tectum, reduced mRNA level of presynaptic synaptophysin and postsynaptic homer1, and altered response to sodium nitroprusside/methylphenidate hydrochloride treatment. These findings will likely contribute to future studies of behavioral regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rachit Penglee
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinxin Yi
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Gong
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baolong Bao
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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Joshi I, Mohideen HS, Nazeer RA. A Meretrix meretrix visceral mass derived peptide inhibits lipopolysaccharide-stimulated responses in RAW264.7 cells and adult zebrafish model. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 90:107140. [PMID: 33187909 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The Meretrix meretrix is abundantly present in the Indian coastal areas which can be used as an important useful bioactive source for industrial applications. The M. meretrix visceral mass (MMV) was hydrolysed with four different enzymes and verified for anti-inflammatory activity with the help of HRBC membrane stabilization (HMS) and albumin denaturation (AD) assay. Among the hydrolysates, the tryptic 6th hour hydrolysate was selected for purification using ultrafiltration and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). Further, the purified peptide was identified to have six amino acid sequence (HKGQCC, 675.582 Da). However, to confirm the anti-inflammatory effects of the purified peptide, it was investigated for nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), pro-inflammatory cytokines production as well as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and also evaluated for its functional properties. The in-vitro gastrointestinal digestion was performed on the peptide which cleaved the peptide into two i.e. MMV1 (HK, 284.1 Da) and MMV2 (GQCC, 410.1 Da). The data suggested that the MMV2 peptide have maximum activity and was found to be stable at high temperatures. The MMV2 peptide demonstrated abrupt localization throughout the adult zebrafish body and successfully downregulated the mRNA levels of inflammation-related genes in LPS-induced adult zebrafish. This study indicates that the peptide MMV2 possesses anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing the induced inflammation and can be a strong competitor against non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ila Joshi
- Biopharmaceutical Lab, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Habeeb Shaik Mohideen
- Bioinformatics & Entomoinformatics Lab, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rasool Abdul Nazeer
- Biopharmaceutical Lab, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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29
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Characterization of Novel Bacteriophage AhyVDH1 and Its Lytic Activity Against Aeromonas hydrophila. Curr Microbiol 2020; 78:329-337. [PMID: 33175194 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02279-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Phage therapy is an alternative approach to overcome the problem of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Here, a novel bacteriophage AhyVDH1, which infects Aeromonas hydrophila 4572, was isolated and its morphology, one-step growth curve, lytic activity, stability under various conditions, and genome were investigated. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that AhyVDH1 has an icosahedral head 49 nm in diameter and a contractile tail 127 nm in length, suggesting that it belongs to the family Myoviridae. AhyVDH1 showed strong adsorption to the surface of A. hydrophila 4572 (90% in 10 min). The latent period of AhyVDH1 was shown to be 50 min, and the burst size was 274 plaque-forming unit/infected cell. AhyVDH1 was stable at 30 °C for 1 h and lost infectivity after20 min of heating at 60 °C. Infectivity remained unaffected at pH 6-7 for 1 h, while the bacteriophage was inactivated at pH < 4 or > 11. AhyVDH1 has a 39,175-bp genome, with a 58% G + C content and 59 open reading frames. BLAST analysis indicated that the genome sequence of phage AhyVDH1 was related to that of Aeromonas phage Ahp2. Both time and MOI-dependent in vitro A. hydrophila growth inhibition were observed with AhyVDH1.Re-growth of the host bacteria appeared about 12 h after treatment, suggesting its potential therapeutic value in treating A. hydrophila infections, but phage cocktails should be developed.
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Zhou J, Zhao H, Huang Z, Ye X, Zhang L, Li Q, Zhao Z, Su X, Liu G, Du J. Differential transcriptomic analysis of crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) from a rice coculture system challenged by Vibrio parahaemolyticus. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2020; 36:100741. [PMID: 32919192 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2020.100741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rice-crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) coculture is an effective farming mode and has been promoted in various regions of China. However, infection in crayfish can be a significant economic drain. We found crayfish infected with Vibrio parahemolyticus (VP), and to understand the molecular mechanisms of the immune responses of crayfish to VP infection, Illumina sequencing was employed to identify changes in the mRNA of hepatopancreatic tissue. A total of 47.30 and 43.01million high-quality transcriptome reads were generated from the hepatopancreatic samples of the experimental group (EG) and control group (CG), respectively. We found 5559 genes were significantly differentially expressed, including 2521 up-regulated genes (45.35%) and 3038 down-regulated genes (54.65%). These genes were enriched in 126 GO terms and 76 KEGG pathways (P ≤ 0.05), including the MAPK and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways and cell adhesion molecules, with 23 up-regulated genes and 3 down-regulated genes related to immune responses in the EG relative to the CG. Histopathological analysis revealed that the epithelial cells of the hepatopancreatic tubules in the EG were severely atrophic, necrotic, and exfoliated, resulting in thin and collapsing hepatopancreatic tubules. The expression patterns of 8 differentially expressed genes involved in immune responses were validated by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. These results provide a valuable basis for the immune responses of crayfish to acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease at transcriptome level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Fisheries Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Fisheries Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhipeng Huang
- Fisheries Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Xianlin Ye
- Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Fisheries Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Fisheries Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhongmeng Zhao
- Fisheries Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - XuTao Su
- Fisheries Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - GuangXun Liu
- Fisheries Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Du
- Fisheries Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan, China.
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Abstract
Innate immune cells destroy pathogens within a transient organelle called the phagosome. When pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) displayed on the pathogen are recognized by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on the host cell, it activates inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) which instantly fills the phagosome with nitric oxide (NO) to clear the pathogen. Selected pathogens avoid activating NOS2 by concealing key PAMPs from their cognate TLRs. Thus, the ability to map NOS2 activity triggered by PAMPs can reveal critical mechanisms underlying pathogen susceptibility. Here, we describe DNA-based probes that ratiometrically report phagosomal and endosomal NO, and can be molecularly programmed to display precise stoichiometries of any desired PAMP. By mapping phagosomal NO produced in microglia of live zebrafish brains, we found that single-stranded RNA of bacterial origin acts as a PAMP and activates NOS2 by engaging TLR-7. This technology can be applied to study PAMP-TLR interactions in diverse organisms.
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Zhou S, Tu X, Pang H, Hoare R, Monaghan SJ, Luo J, Jian J. A T3SS Regulator Mutant of Vibrio alginolyticus Affects Antibiotic Susceptibilities and Provides Significant Protection to Danio rerio as a Live Attenuated Vaccine. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:183. [PMID: 32411620 PMCID: PMC7198820 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio alginolyticus is a major cause of Vibriosis in farmed marine aquatic animals and has caused large economic losses to the Asian aquaculture industry in recent years. Therefore, it is necessary to control V. alginolyticus effectively. The virulence mechanism of V. alginolyticus, the Type III secretion system (T3SS), is closely related to its pathogenicity. In this study, the T3SS gene tyeA was cloned from V. alginolyticus wild-type strain HY9901 and the results showed that the deduced amino acid sequence of V. alginolyticus tyeA shared 75–83% homology with other Vibrio spp. The mutant strain HY9901ΔtyeA was constructed by Overlap-PCR and homologous recombination techniques. The HY9901ΔtyeA mutant exhibited an attenuated swarming phenotype and an ~40-fold reduction in virulence to zebrafish. However, the HY9901ΔtyeA mutant showed no difference in growth, biofilm formation and ECPase activity. Antibiotic susceptibility test was observed that wild and mutant strains were extremely susceptible to Amikacin, Minocycline, Gentamicin, Cefperazone; and resistant to oxacillin, clindamycin, ceftazidime. In contrast wild strains are sensitive to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, doxycycline, while mutant strains are resistant to them. qRT-PCR was employed to analyze the transcription levels of T3SS-related genes, the results showed that compared with HY9901 wild type, ΔtyeA had increased expression of vscL, vscK, vscO, vopS, vopN, vscN, and hop. Following vaccination with the mutant strain, zebrafish had significantly higher survival than controls following infection with the wild-type HY9901 (71.2% relative percent survival; RPS). Analysis of immune gene expression by qPCR showed that vaccination with HY9901ΔtyeA increased the expression of IgM, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in zebrafish. This study provides evidence of protective efficacy of a live attenuated vaccine targeting the T3SS of V. alginolyticus which may be facilitated by up-regulated pro-inflammatory and immunoglobulin-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihui Zhou
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China.,Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xueting Tu
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China.,Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Huanying Pang
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China.,Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Rowena Hoare
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Sean J Monaghan
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Jiajun Luo
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jichan Jian
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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33
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Liu Q, Xu M, Sun Z, Ye H, Mai K, Tan X, Zou C, Chen S, Su N, Zhou Y, Chen L, Ye C. Effects of dietary monocalcium phosphate supplementation on the anti-oxidative capacity, anti-bacteria function in immune organs of obscure puffer (Takifugu obscurus) after infection with Aeromonas hydrophila. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 98:843-852. [PMID: 31756454 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to explore the impaired anti-bacteria ability in immune organs and immune systems of obscure puffer induced by chronic dietary phosphorus (P) deficiency. Fish were fed diets supplemented with 6 g/kg P (P6) and 0 g/kg P (P0) respectively for 15 weeks, and lower final body weight, feed intake, weight gain, whole body P content and bone P content were observed in fish fed P0 diet (P < 0.05). Then the fish were continued to feed for 3 weeks and intraperitoneal injection with PBS (P6+PBS) and Aeromonas hydrophila (A.hydrophila) (P6 + A.hydrophila and P0 + A.hydrophila), and sampled at 3, 6, 12 and 24 h. The results showed that dietary P deficiency lowered survival rate, total hemocyte count, whereas enhanced ROS production and apoptosis rate of obscure puffer compared to the 6 g/kg P supplemented group after infection. Moreover, compared to the P sufficient group, puffer fish fed P deficient diet decreased the expressions of antioxidant genes catalase (cat) and glutathione reductase (gr), immune-related genes toll-like receptor 2 (tlr-2) and anti-inflammatory factors transforming growth factor β1 (tgf-β1) and interleukin 11 (il-11) while increased pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (tnf-α), interleukin 1β (il-1β) and interleukin 8 (il-8) in head kidney post-infection. In addition, dietary P deficiency decreased the hepatic gene expressions of anti-apoptotic factor B-cell lymphoma 2 (bcl-2) and bax-inhibitor 1 (bi-1), accompanied by increasing the mRNA expressions of pro-apoptotic factor caspase 3, caspase 8 and caspase 9 compared to the P sufficient group after A.hydrophila infection. In conclusion, dietary P deficiency impaired the anti-bacteria function of the immune system as well as immune organs by increasing oxidative stress and aggravating the inflammatory response and apoptosis in obscure puffer under the A.hydrophila challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingying Liu
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Minglei Xu
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Zhenzhu Sun
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Huaqun Ye
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Tan
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Cuiyun Zou
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Shu Chen
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Ningning Su
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Leling Chen
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Chaoxia Ye
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.
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Wu L, Li Y, Xu Y, Wang L, Ma X, Dong C, Zhao X, Tian X, Li X, Kong X. The roles of two myostatins and immune effects after inhibition in Qi river crucian carp (Carassius auratus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 98:710-719. [PMID: 31707005 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Myostatin, through type I receptor (kinase 4, 5, ALK4/5), functions to participate in the immune system and negatively regulate muscle growth in mammals. However, the role of myostatin (mstn) in the immune system of teleosts is largely unknown. In a previous study, we cloned the mstn1 cDNA encoding myostatin in Qi river crucian carp (Carassius auratus). In the present study, we have cloned mstn2 cDNA, which was characterized and analyzed together with mstn1. Tissue distribution analysis showed that both mstn genes are expressed in numerous tissues, with mstn1 dominantly expressed in the muscle and brain, whereas mstn2 is mainly expressed in the brain. During embryogenesis, mstn1 and mstn2 exhibit different expression patterns. Both mstn1 and mstn2 expression increased stepwise in the brain at different developmental stages. Furthermore, both genes are differentially regulated during different periods of fasting/re-feeding. Following the exposure of C. auratus to polyI:C, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and Aeromonas hydrophila, both genes were upregulated in different tissues, which indicated that they might be involved in the immune response against pathogenic invasion. Blocking the Mstn signal pathway with SB-431542 (a chemical inhibitor of ALK4/5) resulted in significantly increased body length and weight. However, the mortality of SB-431542-treated fish was higher after A. hydrophila challenge. Moreover, decreased expression of lysozymes (lyz), complement component 3 (c3), β-defensin 3 (defb3), and interferon γ (ifnγ) were exhibited in treated fish, compared with the controls. Furthermore, the expression of nf-κb1, three pro-inflammatory cytokines (il1β, il6, and tnfα), and inflammatory cytokines (il8 and il10) were significantly increased in both the SB-431542-treated group and the control after A. hydrophila infection, suggesting that the NF-κB pathway was not suppressed in the SB-431542-treated fish. Taken together, our data suggest that both mstn1 and mstn2 play important roles in early body development, muscle growth, and the immune system by acting downstream of the NF-κB signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Wu
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China; College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Yongjing Li
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Yufeng Xu
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Chuanju Dong
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Xianliang Zhao
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Xue Tian
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Xianghui Kong
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China; College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
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35
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Gan D, Wu S, Chen B, Zhang J. Application of the Zebrafish Traumatic Brain Injury Model in Assessing Cerebral Inflammation. Zebrafish 2019; 17:73-82. [PMID: 31825288 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2019.1793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public and socioeconomic problem throughout the world. The establishment of an effective and cost-effective TBI model for developing new therapeutic agents is challenging. Microglia are considered the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS) that normally do not enter the brain. As the primary mediators of the innate immune response in the CNS, microglia play a critical role in neuroinflammation and secondary injury after TBI. In this study, we established an in vivo TBI zebrafish model using Tg(coro1a:EGFP) line where the green fluorescent protein-labeled microglia were present. We demonstrated that microglia accumulated rapidly in response to neuronal injuries. To clear away injured neurons and restore the CNS homeostasis, activated microglia secreted two types of functional cytokines, including pro-inflammatory interleukins (IL) of IL-1β and IL-6 and anti-inflammatory factors of IL-4 and IL-10 in the lesioned larvae. Cytidine 5'-Diphosphocholine (CDP-choline), as an effective and clinical neuroprotective drug, could further activate microglia, expressing high levels of il-1β, il-6, il-4, and il-10 in the TBI model. Moreover, CDP-choline reduced neuronal apoptosis and promoted neuronal proliferation around the lesioned site. Based on these results, the TBI model established in this study represents a suitable model for developing new therapeutic agents for CNS-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqing Gan
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shuilong Wu
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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Xie L, Tao Y, Wu R, Ye Q, Xu H, Li Y. Congenital asplenia due to a tlx1 mutation reduces resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila infection in zebrafish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 95:538-545. [PMID: 31678534 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It is documented that tlx1, an orphan homeobox gene, plays critical roles in the regulation of early spleen developmental in mammalian species. However, there is no direct evidence supporting the functions of tlx1 in non-mammalian species, especially in fish. In this study, we demonstrated that tlx1 is expressed in the splenic primordia as early as 52 hours post-fertilization (hpf) in zebrafish. A tlx1-/- homozygous mutant line was generated via CRISPR/Cas9 to elucidate the roles of tlx1 in spleen development in zebrafish. In the tlx1-/- background, tlx1-/- cells persisted in the splenic primordia until 52 hpf but were no longer detectable after 53 hpf, suggesting perturbation of early spleen development. The zebrafish also exhibited congenital asplenia caused by the tlx1 mutation. Asplenic zebrafish can survive and breed normally under standard laboratory conditions, but the survival rate of animals infected with Aeromonas hydrophila was significantly lower than that of wild-type (WT) zebrafish. In asplenic zebrafish, the mononuclear phagocyte system was partially impaired, as demonstrated by retarded b7r expression and reduced ccr2 expression after injection with an inactivated A. hydrophila vaccine. Furthermore, the expression of MHCII/IgM was significantly reduced in the congenitally asplenic fish compared with that of the WT zebrafish. Taken together, our data suggest that tlx1 is a crucial regulator of spleen development in fish, as it is in mammals. We have also provided a new perspective for studying the role of the spleen during pathogen challenge in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Xie
- Institute of Three Gorges Ecological Fisheries of Chongqing, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yixi Tao
- Institute of Three Gorges Ecological Fisheries of Chongqing, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Ronghua Wu
- Institute of Three Gorges Ecological Fisheries of Chongqing, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qin Ye
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Institute of Three Gorges Ecological Fisheries of Chongqing, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yun Li
- Institute of Three Gorges Ecological Fisheries of Chongqing, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Nemati T, Johari SA, Sarkheil M. Will the antimicrobial properties of ZnONPs turn it into a more suitable option than AgNPs for water filtration? Comparative study in the removal of fish pathogen, Aeromonas hydrophila from the culture of juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:30907-30920. [PMID: 31446604 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06178-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of using zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) instead of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for removing Aeromonas hydrophila from water used to culture Cyprinus carpio juvenile. Antibacterial materials as filter media were prepared by coating ZnONPs (two coating methods, referred as ZnA and ZnB) or AgNPs (referred as Ag) on the porous surfaces of zeolite beads. The characterization of coated samples was determined using FESEM, EDS, and GFAAS. The antibacterial activities of prepared samples were evaluated by the zone of inhibition test, tube test, and flow test. The diameter of inhibitory zones formed by ZnONP- and AgNP-coated zeolite beads was significantly higher than uncoated zeolite (control) (P < 0.05). Also, the tube test results revealed 100% killing of the bacterial cells after 24 h of contact to all coated materials. In the flow test (without fish), the antibacterial efficiency of filter columns that contained ZnA, ZnB, and Ag found to be 34.84, 23.77, and 100% after 96 h, respectively. The mortality rate of carp juveniles cultured in infected water treated with AgNP filters was significantly lower than those cultured in infected water or treated with ZnONPs filters (P < 0.05). The results indicated that although ZnONP filter media have somewhat antimicrobial properties (especially in vitro), their ability to complete removal of microorganisms from the water is not as high as AgNP filters. So, it still seems that zeolite coated with AgNPs has a higher potential for water disinfection in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Nemati
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416, Sanandaj, 66177-15175, Kurdistan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Johari
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416, Sanandaj, 66177-15175, Kurdistan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Sarkheil
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Molecular characterization of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) from sterlet Acipenser ruthenus and its responses to Aeromonas hydrophila challenge and hypoxia stress. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 234:68-76. [PMID: 30999108 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A novel gene encoding the mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase from sterlet Acipenser ruthenus (Ar-MnSOD) was cloned. The full-length cDNA of MnSOD was of 1040 bp with a 672 bp open reading frame encoding 224 amino acids and the deduced amino acid sequence was located in mitochondria. Sequence comparison analysis showed that Ar-MnSOD was highly similar to MnSODs of invertebrates and vertebrates, especially those of freshwater Cyprinidae fishes and mammals. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Ar-MnSOD was distant from MnSODs of other fishes and belonged to the family of mitochondrial MnSODs (mMnSOD). Consistently, Ar-MnSOD was located in mitochondria. The 3D structure of Ar-MnSOD was predicted and the overall structure was similar to that of MnSODs of humans and the bay scallop Argopecten irradians. In addition, mRNA of Ar-MnSOD was detected to extensively express in all tissues, with the highest level in brain and liver. Spleen and head kidney inoculation of Aeromonas hydrophila led to a significant up-regulation of Ar-MnSOD transcript levels. Also, hypoxia induced a transient increase in transcription of Ar-MnSOD in the gills, but not in the heart and brain, suggesting metabolic depression in these vital organs. The results also implied the anti-hypoxia properties of Ar-MnSOD in the related tissues and proved that Ar-MnSOD was involved in the stress response and (anti) oxidative processes triggered by hypoxia. The results indicated that Ar-MnSOD is induced upon A. hydrophila infection and hypoxia, consistent with its role in host immune and stress-induced anti-oxidative responses.
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Xia IF, Cheung JS, Wu M, Wong KS, Kong HK, Zheng XT, Wong KH, Kwok KW. Dietary chitosan-selenium nanoparticle (CTS-SeNP) enhance immunity and disease resistance in zebrafish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 87:449-459. [PMID: 30703551 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for human and animals. It plays an important role in antioxidative stress, selenoenzymes regulation and immunomodulation. In this study, two common immunostimulants chitosan (CTS) and Se were used to synthesize nanoparticles (CTS-SeNP). Immunomodulation of CTS-SeNP were explored in wild-type zebrafish (Danio rerio). Dietary supplementation of CTS-SeNP enhanced lysozyme activity, phagocytic respiratory burst as well as splenocytes proliferation stimulated by LPS and ConA. CTS-SeNP showed immunomodulation effect from 5 to 20 μg/g but the best outcome was observed at 10 μg/g. Immunomodulation effect were rapidly induced after 3-9d and can sustain to 60. The zebrafish fed with 10 μg/g CTS-SeNP also showed 26.7% higher survival rate than the control after intraperitoneal injection of common bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila. Our results suggested that CTS-SeNP is an effective immunostimulant to fish and has potential application in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Fan Xia
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, PR China; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jacky St Cheung
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, PR China; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Manhui Wu
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, PR China; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwong-Sen Wong
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, PR China; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hang-Kin Kong
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, PR China; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Zheng
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fisheries Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ka-Hing Wong
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, PR China; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kevin Wh Kwok
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, PR China; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
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40
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Amal MNA, Ismail A, Saad MZ, Md Yasin IS, Nasruddin NS, Mastor SS, Abdul Rahman MH, Mohamad N. Study on Streptococcus agalactiae infection in Javanese medaka (Oryzias javanicus Bleeker, 1854) model. Microb Pathog 2019; 131:47-52. [PMID: 30940607 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study determines the median lethal dose, and describes the clinico-pathological changes and disease development following Streptococcus agalactiae infection in Javanese medaka model. Javanese medakas were infected with S. agalactiae via intraperitoneal (IP) from 104 to 108 CFU/mL, and immersion (IM) route from 103 to 107 CFU/mL. The LD50-240h and clinico-pathological changes of the fish was determined until 240 h post infection (hpi). Next, the disease development was determined for 96 hpi in the fish following IP and IM infection at 103 CFU/mL and 104 CFU/mL, respectively. The LD50-240h of S. agalactiae in Javanese medaka was lower following IP injection (4.5 × 102 CFU/mL), compared to IM route (3.5 × 103 CFU/mL). The clinical signs included separating from the schooling group, swimming at the surface of water column, lethargy, erratic swimming pattern, corneal opacity and exophthalmia. Histopathological examinations revealed generalized congestion in almost all internal organs, particularly in liver and brain, while the kidney displayed tubular necrosis. Both IP and IM routes showed significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) between the CFU/g of S. agalactiae in the fish tissue and fish deaths. Moreover, the lesions for histopathological scoring in selected organs following IP and IM challenges were also reflecting the CFU/g and fish deaths. This study indicates the capability of Javanese medaka as a model organism in study of streptococcosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Noor Azmai Amal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Ismail
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zamri Saad
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ina Salwany Md Yasin
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurrul Shaqinah Nasruddin
- Centre for Craniofacial Diagnostics and Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Suhaiba Mastor
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Hazim Abdul Rahman
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurliyana Mohamad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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41
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Characterization of sickness behavior in zebrafish. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 73:596-602. [PMID: 29981831 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In a previous study we showed a clear relationship between immune system and behavior in zebrafish and we hypothesized that the immune system is capable of inducing behavioral changes. To further investigate this subject and to address our main question, here we induced an inflammatory response in one group of fish by the inoculation of formalin-inactivated Aeromonoas hydrophila bacterin and compared their social and exploratory behavior with control groups. After the behavioral tests, we also analyzed the expression of cytokines genes and markers of neuronal activity in fish brain. In the bacterin-inoculated fish, the locomotor activity, social preference and exploratory behavior towards a new object were reduced compared to the control fish while the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the brain was upregulated. With this study we demonstrated for the first time that the immune system is capable of causing behavioral changes that are consistent with the sickness behavior observed in mammals.
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42
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Lyons DD, Philibert DA, Zablocki T, Qin R, Huang R, Gamal El-Din M, Tierney KB. Assessment of raw and ozonated oil sands process-affected water exposure in developing zebrafish: Associating morphological changes with gene expression. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 241:959-968. [PMID: 30029330 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
With the ever-increasing amounts of oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) accumulating from Canada's oil sands operations, its eventual release must be considered. As OSPW has been found to be both acutely and chronically toxic to aquatic organisms, remediation processes must be developed to lower its toxicity. Ozone treatment is currently being studied as a tool to facilitate the removal of organic constituents associated with toxicity. Biomarkers (e.g. gene expression) are commonly used when studying the effects of environmental contaminants, however, they are not always indicative of adverse effects at the whole organism level. In this study, we assessed the effects of OSPW exposure on developing zebrafish by linking gene expression to relevant cellular and whole organism level endpoints. We also investigated whether or not ozone treatment decreased biomarkers and any associated toxicity observed from OSPW exposure. The concentrations of classical naphthenic acids in the raw and ozonated OSPW used in this study were 16.9 mg/L and 0.6 mg/L, respectively. Ozone treatment reduced the total amount of naphthenic acids (NAs) in the OSPW sample by 92%. We found that exposure to both raw and ozonated OSPW had no effect on the survival of zebrafish embryos. The expression levels of biotransformation genes CYP1A and CYP1B were induced by raw OSPW exposure, with CYP1B being more highly expressed than CYP1A. In contrast, ozonated OSPW exposure did not increase the expression of CYP1A and only slightly induced CYP1B. A decrease in cardiac development and function genes (NKX2.5 and APT2a2a) was not associates with large changes in heart rate, arrhythmia or heart size. We did not find any indications of craniofacial abnormalities or of increased occurrence of apoptotic cells. Overall, our study found that OSPW was not overtly toxic to zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle D Lyons
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada.
| | - Danielle A Philibert
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Taylor Zablocki
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Rui Qin
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Rongfu Huang
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Mohamed Gamal El-Din
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Keith B Tierney
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada; School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada
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43
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Chandrarathna HPSU, Nikapitiya C, Dananjaya SHS, Wijerathne CUB, Wimalasena SHMP, Kwun HJ, Heo GJ, Lee J, De Zoysa M. Outcome of co-infection with opportunistic and multidrug resistant Aeromonas hydrophila and A. veronii in zebrafish: Identification, characterization, pathogenicity and immune responses. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 80:573-581. [PMID: 29964197 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Fish can be potentially co-infected by two or more bacterial strains, which can make synergistic influence on the virulence of infection. In this study, two opportunistic and multidrug resistant Aeromonas strains were isolated from wounds of morbid zebrafish with typical deep skin lesions similar to Motile Aeromonas Septicemia. Isolates were genetically identified as A. hydrophila and A. veronii by 16 S rRNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Both isolates were positive for virulent genes (aerA, lip, ser, exu gcaT) and selected phenotypic tests (DNase, protease, gelatinase, lipase, biofilm production and β-haemolysis). A. hydrophila and A. veronii had strong antibiotic resistance against ampicillin, tetracycline, nalidixic acid, kanamycin, erythromycin, clindamycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Histopathological studies revealed that co-infection causes severe necrosis and hypertrophy in the muscles, kidney and liver of zebrafish. Naturally co-infected zebrafish showed highly induced tnf-α, il-1β, il-6, il-12, ifn, ifn-γ, cxcl18 b and ccl34a.4 at transcription level compared to healthy fish, suggesting virulence factors may activate immune and inflammatory responses of zebrafish. Experimentally infected zebrafish showed significantly higher mortality under co-infection with A. hydrohila and A. veronii (87%), followed by individual challenge of A. hydrophila (72%) or A. veronii (67%) suggesting that virulence of A. hydrophila have greater pathogenicity than A. veronii during co-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P S U Chandrarathna
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Chamilani Nikapitiya
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - S H S Dananjaya
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - C U B Wijerathne
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - S H M P Wimalasena
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Kwun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Gang-Joon Heo
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahanama De Zoysa
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea.
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44
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Kamaladevi A, Marudhupandiyan S, Balamurugan K. Model system based proteomics to understand the host response during bacterial infections. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2018; 13:2489-2497. [PMID: 29082410 DOI: 10.1039/c7mb00372b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by bacterial pathogens pose a major concern to public health and, thus, greater attention must be given to providing insightful knowledge on host-pathogen interactions. There are several theories addressing the dynamics of complex mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions. The availability of an ample number of universally accepted model systems, including vertebrates, invertebrates, and mammalian cells, provides in-depth transcriptomics data to evaluate these complex mechanisms during host-pathogen interactions. Recent model system based proteomic studies have addressed the issues related to human diseases by establishing the protein profile of model animals that closely resemble the environment. As a result, model system based proteomics has been widely accepted as a powerful and effective approach to understand the highly complex host-pathogen interfaces at their protein levels. This review offers a snapshot of the contributions of selective model systems on host-bacterial pathogen interactions through proteomic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Kamaladevi
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India.
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45
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Chen LL, Xie J, Cao DD, Jia N, Li YJ, Sun H, Li WF, Hu B, Chen Y, Zhou CZ. The pore-forming protein Aep1 is an innate immune molecule that prevents zebrafish from bacterial infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 82:49-54. [PMID: 29317232 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Following the Aeromonas hydrophila aerolysin, various aerolysin-like pore-forming proteins have been identified from bacteria to vertebrates. We have recently reported the mechanism of receptor recognition and in vitro pore-formation of a zebrafish aerolysin-like protein Dln1/Aep1. However, the physiological function of Aep1 remains unknown. Here we detected that aep1 gene is constitutively expressed in various immune-related tissues of adult zebrafish; and moreover, its expression is significantly up-regulated upon bacterial challenge, indicating its involvement in antimicrobial infection. Pre-injection of recombinant Aep1 into the infected zebrafish greatly accelerated the clearance of bacteria, resulting in significantly increased survival rate. Meanwhile, the induced expression of cytokines such as interleukin IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor TNF-α in zebrafish upon injection of recombinant Aep1 suggested that Aep1 may be a pro-inflammatory protein that triggers the antimicrobial immune responses. However, compared to the overproduction of these cytokines in the infected zebrafish, pre-injection of Aep1 could significantly reduce the expression level of these cytokines, accompanying with a reduced bacterial load. Moreover, the expression profiles through the developmental stages of zebrafish demonstrated that aep1 is activated at the very early stage prior to the maturation of adaptive immune system. Altogether, our findings proved that Aep1 is an innate immune molecule that prevents the bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Lan Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Jin Xie
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Dong-Dong Cao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Ning Jia
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Ya-Juan Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Wei-Fang Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China.
| | - Yuxing Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China.
| | - Cong-Zhao Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China.
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46
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Mohammadian T, Alishahi M, Tabandeh MR, Ghorbanpoor M, Gharibi D. Changes in Immunity, Expression of some Immune-Related Genes of Shabot Fish, Tor grypus, Following Experimental Infection with Aeromonas hydrophila: Effects of Autochthonous Probiotics. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2017; 10:616-628. [DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9373-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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47
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Srivastava N, Shelly A, Kumar M, Pant A, Das B, Majumdar T, Mazumder S. Aeromonas hydrophila utilizes TLR4 topology for synchronous activation of MyD88 and TRIF to orchestrate anti-inflammatory responses in zebrafish. Cell Death Discov 2017; 3:17067. [PMID: 29142761 PMCID: PMC5680545 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2017.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays a critical role in host immunity against Gram-negative bacteria. It transduces signals through two distinct TIR-domain-containing adaptors, MyD88 and TRIF, which function at the plasma membrane and endosomes, respectively. Using zebrafish Aeromonas hydrophila infection model, we demonstrate that synchronization of MyD88 and TRIF dependent pathways is critical for determining the fate of infection. Zebrafish were infected with A. hydrophila, and bacterial recovery studies suggested its effective persistence inside the host. Histopathological assessment elucidates that A. hydrophila did not provoke inflammatory responses in the spleen. Immunofluorescence revealed the presence of TLR4-bound A. hydrophila on the plasma membrane at 3 h post-infection (p.i.), and inside endosomes 1 day p.i. Quantitative PCR studies suggest that TLR4 activates the downstream pathway of MyD88–IRAK4 axis at early stages followed by a shift to TRIF–TRAF6 axis at late stages of infection coupled with fold increase in NFκB. Our results implicated the involvement of p110δ isoform of PI(3)Kinase in this transition. Coupled to this, we noted that the TLR4–TRIF–NFκB axis prompted burgeoned secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines. We observed that A. hydrophila inhibits endosome maturation and escapes to cytoplasm. Significant downregulation of cytosolic-NLR receptors further suggested that A. hydrophila represses pro-inflammatory responses in cytosol aiding its persistence. Our findings suggest a novel role of ‘TLR4 topology’ in A. hydrophila-induced pathogenesis. We propose that A. hydrophila manipulates translocation of TLR4 and migrates to endosome, where it triggers TRIF-dependent anti-inflammatory responses, interferes with endosomal maturation and escapes to cytosol. Inside the cytosol, A. hydrophila avoids detection by suppressing NLRs, facilitating its survival and ensuing pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Srivastava
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Asha Shelly
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Manmohan Kumar
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Archana Pant
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India.,School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Bhabatosh Das
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India.,School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Tanmay Majumdar
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Shibnath Mazumder
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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48
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Zhu F, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Hu K, Fang W. Transcriptome differences between enrofloxacin-resistant and enrofloxacin-susceptible strains of Aeromonas hydrophila. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179549. [PMID: 28708867 PMCID: PMC5510800 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Enrofloxacin is the most commonly used antibiotic to control diseases in aquatic animals caused by A. hydrophila. This study conducted de novo transcriptome sequencing and compared the global transcriptomes of enrofloxacin-resistant and enrofloxacin-susceptible strains. We got a total of 4,714 unigenes were assembled. Of these, 4,122 were annotated. A total of 3,280 unigenes were assigned to GO, 3,388 unigenes were classified into Cluster of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COG) using BLAST and BLAST2GO software, and 2,568 were mapped onto pathways using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes Pathway database. Furthermore, 218 unigenes were deemed to be DEGs. After enrofloxacin treatment, 135 genes were upregulated and 83 genes were downregulated. The GO terms biological process (126 genes) and metabolic process (136 genes) were the most enriched, and the terms for protein folding, response to stress, and SOS response were also significantly enriched. This study identified enrofloxacin treatment affects multiple biological functions of A. hydrophila. Enrofloxacin resistance in A. hydrophila is closely related to the reduction of intracellular drug accumulation caused by ABC transporters and increased expression of topoisomerase IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjiao Zhu
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongying Yang
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Nanchang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Yiliu Zhang
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Hu
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Wenhong Fang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Shanghai, China
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49
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Angulo C, Maldonado M, Delgado K, Reyes-Becerril M. Debaryomyces hansenii up regulates superoxide dismutase gene expression and enhances the immune response and survival in Pacific red snapper (Lutjanus peru) leukocytes after Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 71:18-27. [PMID: 28126556 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Application of yeast is increasing to improve welfare and promotes growth in aquaculture. The halotolerant yeast Debaryomyces hansenii is normally a non-pathogenic yeast with probiotic properties and potential source of antioxidant enzymes as superoxide dismutase. Here, first, we characterized the sequence features of MnSOD and icCu/ZnSOD from Pacific red snapper, and second, we evaluated the potential antioxidant immune responses of the marine yeast Debaryomyces hansenii strain CBS004 in leukocytes which were then subjected to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. In silico analysis revealed that LpMnSOD consisted of 1186 bp, with an ORF of 678 bp encoding a 225 amino acid protein and LpicCu/ZnSOD consisted of 1090 bp in length with an ORF of 465 bp encoding a 154 amino acid protein. Multiple alignment analyzes revealed many conserved regions and active sites among its orthologs. In vitro assays using head-kidney and spleen leukocytes immunostimulated with D. hansenii and zymosan in response to V. parahaemolyticus infection reveled that D. hansenii strain CBS004 significantly increased transcriptions of MnSOD and icCu/ZnSOD genes. Flow cytometry assay showed that D. hansenii was able to inhibit apoptosis caused by V. parahaemolyticus in the Pacific red snapper leukocytes and enhanced the phagocytic capacity in head-kidney leukocytes. Immunological assays reveled an increased in superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities, as well as, in nitric oxide production and reactive oxygen species production (respiratory burst) in fish stimulated with D. hansenii. Finally, our results. These results strongly support the idea that marine yeast Debaryomyces hansenii strain CBS004 can stimulate the antioxidant immune mechanism in head-kidney and spleen leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Angulo
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S. 23090, Mexico
| | - Minerva Maldonado
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S. 23090, Mexico
| | - Karen Delgado
- Instituto Tecnológico de La Paz, Boulevard Forjadores 4720, Col. 8 de Octubre Segunda Sección, La Paz, B.C.S., 23080, Mexico
| | - Martha Reyes-Becerril
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S. 23090, Mexico.
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50
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Easwaran M, Dananjaya SHS, Park SC, Lee J, Shin HJ, De Zoysa M. Characterization of bacteriophage pAh-1 and its protective effects on experimental infection of Aeromonas hydrophila in Zebrafish (Danio rerio). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2017; 40:841-846. [PMID: 27454188 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Easwaran
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - S H S Dananjaya
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - S C Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, Korea
- Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, Korea
| | - H-J Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - M De Zoysa
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
- Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, Korea
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