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Santovito A, Lambertini M, Schleicherová D, Mirone E, Nota A. Cellular and Genomic Instability Induced by the Herbicide Glufosinate-Ammonium: An In Vitro and In Vivo Approach. Cells 2024; 13:909. [PMID: 38891041 PMCID: PMC11172084 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Glufosinate-ammonium (GLA), an organophosphate herbicide, is released at high concentrations in the environment, leading to concerns over its potential genotoxic effects. However, few articles are available in the literature reporting the possible cellular and nuclear effects of this compound. We assessed, by in vitro and in vivo micronucleus assays, the genotoxicity of GLA on cultured human lymphocytes and Lymnaea stagnalis hemocytes at six concentrations: 0.010 (the established acceptable daily intake value), 0.020, 0.050, 0.100, 0.200, and 0.500 µg/mL. In human lymphocytes, our results reveal a significant and concentration-dependent increase in micronuclei frequency at concentrations from 0.100 to 0.500 μg/mL, while in L. stagnalis hemocytes, significant differences were found at 0.200 and 0.500 μg/mL. A significant reduction in the proliferation index was observed at all tested concentrations, with the only exception of 0.010 μg/mL, indicating that the exposure to GLA could lead to increased cytotoxic effects. In L. stagnalis, a significant reduction in laid eggs and body growth was also observed at all concentrations. In conclusion, we provided evidence of the genomic and cellular damage induced by GLA on both cultured human lymphocytes and a model organism's hemocytes; in addition, we also demonstrated its effects on cell proliferation and reproductive health in L. stagnalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Santovito
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy; (A.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Mattia Lambertini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy;
| | - Dáša Schleicherová
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy; (A.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Enrico Mirone
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Via Francesco De Sanctis 1, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Nota
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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2
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Azizan A, Venter L, Zhang J, Young T, Ericson JA, Delorme NJ, Ragg NLC, Alfaro AC. Interactive effects of elevated temperature and Photobacterium swingsii infection on the survival and immune response of marine mussels (Perna canaliculus): A summer mortality scenario. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 196:106392. [PMID: 38364448 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The New Zealand Greenshell™ mussel (Perna canaliculus) is an economically important aquaculture species. Prolonged increases in seawater temperature above mussel thermotolerance ranges pose a significant threat to mussel survival and health, potentially increasing susceptibility to bacterial infections. Using challenge experiments, this study examined the combined effects of increased seawater temperature and bacterial (Photobacterium swingsii) infection on animal survival, haemocyte and biochemical responses of adult mussels. Mussels maintained at three temperatures (16, 20 and 24 °C) for seven days were either not injected (control), injected with sterile marine broth (injection control) or P. swingsii (challenged with medium and high doses) and monitored daily for five days. Haemolymph and tissue samples were collected at 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 h post-challenge and analysed to quantify bacterial colonies, haemocyte responses and biochemical responses. Mussels infected with P. swingsii exhibited mortalities at 20 and 24 °C, likely due to a compromised immune system, but no mortalities were observed when temperature was the only stressor. Bacterial colony counts in haemolymph decreased over time, suggesting bacterial clearance followed by the activation of immune signalling pathways. Total haemocyte counts and viability data supports haemocyte defence functions being stimulated in the presence of high pathogen loads at 24 °C. In the gill tissue, oxidative stress responses, measured as total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, were higher in infected mussels (compared to the controls) after 24h and 120h post-challenge at the lowest (16 °C) and highest temperatures (24 °C), indicating the presence of oxidative stress due to temperature and pathogen stressors. Overall, this work confirms that Photobacterium swingsii is pathogenic to P. canaliculus and indicates that mussels may be more vulnerable to bacterial pathogens under conditions of elevated temperature, such as those predicted under future climate change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awanis Azizan
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Leonie Venter
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand; The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Tim Young
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand; Centre for Biomedical & Chemical Sciences, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Norman L C Ragg
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson, 7042, New Zealand
| | - Andrea C Alfaro
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
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3
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Ericson JA, Laroche O, Biessy L, Delorme NJ, Pochon X, Thomson-Laing J, Ragg NLC, Smith KF. Differential responses of selectively bred mussels ( Perna canaliculus) to heat stress-survival, immunology, gene expression and microbiome diversity. Front Physiol 2024; 14:1265879. [PMID: 38425477 PMCID: PMC10902150 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1265879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
New Zealand's green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus) is an ecologically and economically important species. Marine heatwaves are increasing in frequency around NZ's coastline, and these events are correlated with increased stress and mortality of some aquaculture species. This study aimed to identify general biomarkers of heat stress in P. canaliculus and to assess whether responses differed between genetically distinct selectively bred mussels. We exposed three families of selectively bred mussels (families A, B and C) to three seawater temperature regimes in the laboratory: 1) a "control" treatment (ambient 12°C), 2) a 26°C heat challenge with a subsequent recovery period, and 3) a sustained 26°C heat challenge with no recovery. We investigated whether the survival, immune response (hemocyte concentration and viability, oxidative stress and total antioxidant capacity), hemocyte gene expression and gill microbiome differed between the families during the temperature challenges. In the sustained heat-stress treatment, family A had the highest survival rate (42% compared with 25% and 5% for families C and B, respectively). Gene expression levels significantly shifted during thermal stress and differed between families, with family A more dissimilar than families B and C. Family C had substantially more genes impacted by temperature treatment and timepoint than the other families, while family B had very little genes/pathways that responded to thermal stress. Genes related to heat shock proteins and immune responses (e.g., AIF1, CTSC, TOLL8, CASP9, FNTA, AHCY, CRYAB, PPIF) were upregulated in all families during heat stress. Microbiome species-richness differed between families before and during heat-stress, with family A having a distinctly different microbiome flora than the other families. Microbial diversity changed similarly in all families exposed to prolonged heat-stress, with species of Vibrio and Campylobacter increasing in these mussels. Our study highlights the use of non-lethal sampling of hemocytes as a diagnostic tool to explore the immune response and gene expression of selectively bred mussels, to predict their response to ocean warming. This approach can identify potential thermotolerant candidates for further selective breeding, which may increase the resilience of the mussel aquaculture industry in a warming ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xavier Pochon
- Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Kirsty F. Smith
- Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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4
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Asnicar D, Fabrello J, Ciscato M, Masiero L, Marin MG, Corami F, Milan M, Bernardini I, Patarnello T, Cecchetto M, Giubilato E, Bettiol C, Semenzin E, Matozzo V. A multibiomarker approach in clams (Ruditapes philippinarum) for a toxicological evaluation of dredged sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 342:123095. [PMID: 38070644 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The Lagoon of Venice is often dredged for channel maintenance. To avoid harmful consequences to the ecosystem, a proper disposal of bottom sediments requires a preliminary evaluation of its potential toxicity before excavation. Here we evaluated the effects of polluted sediments on clams (Ruditapes philippinarum) using a multibiomarker approach. Bivalves were exposed for 3 and 14 days to five sediment samples collected along a navigation canal between Venice historical centre and the industrial area of Porto Marghera. Immunological, antioxidant, detoxification, and neurotoxicity biomarkers were analysed in haemolymph, gill, and digestive gland. As a control, sediment collected far from pollution sources was used. Two experiments were performed to assess potential seasonal/gametogenic influence in clam sensitivity. A different response of clam biomarkers was observed during the two experiments and among sampling sites. Clams' digestive gland resulted to be the most sensitive tissue analysed showing significant differences among sites in all biomarkers analysed. Greater differences were present due to seasonality rather than exposure. The concentrations of metals and organic pollutants increased from the city centre to the industrial area, highlighting the influence that industrial activities had on the lagoon ecosystem. However, bioaccumulation in clams did not follow the same clear pattern, suggesting low bioavailability of compounds due to relatively high organic matter content. Biomarkers modulation was mainly driven by metals, both present in sediments and bioaccumulated. In comparison, effects of organic pollutants on the biomarkers tested were negligible. Other sources of contamination not investigated (e.g. pesticides) were suggested by neurotoxicity biomarkers alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Asnicar
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy; Aquatic Bioscience, Huntsman Marine Science Centre, 1 Lower Campus Road, E5B 2L7, St Andrews, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Jacopo Fabrello
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Ciscato
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Luciano Masiero
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Marin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Fabiana Corami
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics, and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences, CNR-ISP, Campus Scientifico - Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Massimo Milan
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Agripolis, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bernardini
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Agripolis, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Tomaso Patarnello
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Agripolis, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Martina Cecchetto
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics, and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Elisa Giubilato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics, and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Cinzia Bettiol
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics, and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Elena Semenzin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics, and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Valerio Matozzo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy.
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Zhong GF, Zhang LF, Zhuang Y, Li Q, Huang H, Cao C, Zhu ZY, Huang ZY, Wang NA, Yuan K. Effects of Brown Fishmeal on Growth Performance, Digestibility, and Lipid Metabolism of the Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis). MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 26:28-36. [PMID: 38165638 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-023-10274-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of brown fishmeal in replacement of white fishmeal in the diet of Chinese soft-shelled turtles and to find the optimal amount of brown fishmeal to add. Five experimental groups were set up and fed to animals, and they were composed by different proportions of white and brown fishmeal: G1 (30% white and 25% brown fishmeal), G2 (25% white and 30% brown fishmeal), G3 (20% white and 35% brown fishmeal), G4 (15% white and 40% brown fishmeal), G5 (10% white and 45% brown fishmeal). G1 is regarded as the control group. Turtles were randomly divided into five experimental groups with four replicates each. The experiment lasted 72 days. The results showed that the WGR, SGR, FCR, and HSI of the G3 group were not significantly different from those of the control group (P > 0.05). In addition, brown fishmeal can increase the crude protein content in the muscles of them. Among the serum biochemical indices, there was no significant difference between the G3 group and the G1 group, except for the level of TG (P > 0.05). Meanwhile, the activities of AST, ALT, and CAT in the liver of the G3 group did not differ significantly from those of the G1 group (P > 0.05). However, the activities of ACP, AKP, and T-AOC were significantly decreased in the G3 group (P < 0.05). In addition, the alteration of fishmeal did not affect the digestive enzyme activities in the stomach, liver, and intestine, and there is no significant difference (P > 0.05). Importantly, with increasing brown fishmeal addition, the expression of Fas, Pparγ, Scd, and Stat3 showed a significant increase, while the expression of Bmp4 decreased significantly (P < 0.05). In this study, the addition of 20% white fishmeal and 35% brown fishmeal to the diet of Chinese soft-shelled turtles did not adversely affect growth performance. Therefore, 20% white fishmeal and 35% brown fishmeal are the most practical feed formulations for Chinese soft-shelled turtles in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Fang Zhong
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Liang-Fa Zhang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yi Zhuang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Qi Li
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - He Huang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Cong Cao
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Zhan-Ying Zhu
- Zhejiang Huzhou Haihuang Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Huang
- Zhejiang Huzhou Haihuang Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Nu-An Wang
- South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Kun Yuan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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6
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Tong R, Li Y, Yu X, Zhang N, Liao Q, Pan L. The immunotoxicity mechanism of NH 4Cl exposure to Litopenaeus vannamei based on the cerebral ganglion-eyestalk-haemocytes axis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:166876. [PMID: 37709089 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia nitrogen, as a water environmental toxin, poses a potential threat to aquatic animals. Although NH4Cl stress is known to cause immunotoxicity, mechanistic pathways linking stress networks in the neuroendocrine system to immunotoxicity remain poorly understood. In this study, firstly, using transcriptome analysis of cerebral ganglion and eyestalk in shrimp, we identified significant changes in genes related to biogenic amines, acetylcholine, crustacean hyperglycemic hormones, and neuropeptide F. Additionally, expression patterns of neuroendocrine factors in different tissues of shrimp were evaluated to explore the sources of these factors. Here, we showed that NH4Cl exposure activates acetylcholine (ACh) neurons in cerebral ganglion of shrimp and dramatically upregulates high affinity choline transporter 1 (ChT1) gene expression. The knockdown of ChT1 gene enhanced the immunity of haemocytes in shrimp compared with saline and GFP dsRNA groups. And after eyestalk ablation, the levels of neuroendocrine factors in the cerebral ganglion and thoracic ganglion were disturbed, and haemocytes parameters induced by NH4Cl were significantly decreased. Combined with different doses of NH4Cl exposure experiments, we demonstrated that: (1) In a short period of NH4Cl exposure, the neuroendocrine factors CRH-ACTH-cortisol and 5-HT-DA in the cerebral ganglion-eyestalk axis of shrimp play a major role in regulating haemocytes immunity; (2) With the prolongation of exposure, the immunotoxicity induced by NH4Cl was mainly due to the release of more ACh in the cerebral ganglion, which promoted the release of NPF in the thoracic ganglion, and CHH and NPF in the eyestalk, as well as weakened the effect of biogenic amines. Subsequently, these neuroendocrine factors regulate immunity through intracellular signaling pathways. Collectively, these results established a new mechanism that NH4Cl might directly regulate haemocytes immunotoxicity through the cerebral ganglion and thoracic ganglion; or through the cerebral ganglion-eyestalk axis or cerebral ganglion-thoracic ganglion axis cause haemocytes immunotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Tong
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yaobing Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xin Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qilong Liao
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Luqing Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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7
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Zhu C, Liu G, Abdullah ALB, Han M, Jiang Q, Li Y. Transcriptomic analysis following polystyrene nanoplastic stress in the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 143:109207. [PMID: 37923183 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Plastics are widely produced for industrial and domestic applications due to their unique properties, and studies on the toxic effects of nanoplastics (NPs) on aquatic animals are essential. In this study, we investigated the transcriptomic patterns of Litopenaeus vannamei after NPs exposure. We found that the lysosome pathway was activated when after NPs exposure, with up-regulated DEGs, including glucocerebrosidase (GBA), hexosaminidase A (HEXA), sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase-1 (SMPD1), and solute carrier family 17 member 5 (SLC17A5). In addition, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway was strongly affected by NPs, and the upstream genes of PI3K-Akt, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), integrin subunit beta 1 (ITGB1) and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) were up-regulation. Other genes involved in lipogenesis, such as sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (SREBP-1c), fatty acid synthase (FASN) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1), were down-regulated. However, the contents of triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TCH) in L. vanname hepatopancreas were reduced, which indicated that the ingestion of NPs led to the disturbance of hepatic lipid metabolism. What more, NPs treatment of L. vannamei also caused oxidative stress. In addition, NPs can damage part of the tissue structure and affect the physiological function of shrimps. The results of this study provide valuable ecotoxicological data to improve the understanding of the biological fate and effects of nanoplastics in L. vannamei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Zhu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, 79 Chating East Street, Nanjing, 210017, China; Low-temperature Germplasm Bank of Important Economic Fish (Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province) of Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technology Resources (Agricultural Germplasm Resources) Coordination Service Platform, Nanjing, China; Geography, School of Humanities, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Guoxing Liu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, 79 Chating East Street, Nanjing, 210017, China; Low-temperature Germplasm Bank of Important Economic Fish (Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province) of Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technology Resources (Agricultural Germplasm Resources) Coordination Service Platform, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Mingming Han
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, 79 Chating East Street, Nanjing, 210017, China
| | - Qichen Jiang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, 79 Chating East Street, Nanjing, 210017, China.
| | - Yiming Li
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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8
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Zhang Y, Dang Y, Pei F, Yuan Y, Yuan J, Gu Z, Wang J. Sub-acute toxicity of the herbicide glufosinate-ammonium exposure in adult red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 337:122605. [PMID: 37742863 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Glufosinateammonium (GLA) is one of the most widely used agricultural herbicides. It is frequently detected in surface waters near farmland and may pose a risk to non-target aquatic species. This study aimed to explore the toxicity of subacute GLA exposure in crayfish. Adult red swamp crayfish were exposed to GLA (0, 1, 10, and 100 mg/L) for 21 days. Bioaccumulation, oxidative stress, nonspecific immunity, and the expression of genes encoding xenobiotic detoxification-related enzymes were examined. The results showed GLA accumulation and hepatopancreatic histopathological changes (dilation of hepatic tubules and vacuolation of hepatocytes) in the exposed crayfish. GLA exposure induced ROS production, inhibited glutathione expression, and catalase activity in the crayfish hepatopancreas, as well as inhibited immunoenzyme expression (acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and lysozyme) in the hemolymph. In addition, the total hemocyte number decreased, and the proportion of hemocyte subsets changed significantly. Superoxide dismutase first increased and then decreased with increasing GLA dosage. GLA promoted the expression of biotransformation enzymes (cypb5, gst) in the hepatopancreas. Our results suggest that subacute GLA exposure caused structural damage to the hepatopancreatic tissue and decreased antioxidant capacity and non-specific immunity in crayfish. These findings provide insight into the toxicity of herbicides on non-target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yao Dang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Fucheng Pei
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yongchao Yuan
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Junfa Yuan
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zemao Gu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jianghua Wang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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9
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Zhong Y, He Z, Long X, Hou D, Hu X, Sun C. Transcriptome analysis of Fenneropenaeus merguiensis in response to Vibrio proteolyticus infection. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2023; 46:1207-1224. [PMID: 37589383 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, due to the destruction of the culture environment and serious ecological pressure, especially in the process of culture, residual bait, faeces and fishery drug abuse will lead to the accumulation of harmful metabolites such as ammonia nitrogen and nitrite, and biological denitrification is the most economical and effective method to remove the single. Therefore, in this study, a nitrite removal strain XA19 was isolated and screened from a shrimp biofloc culture pond. This strain was identified as a clade of Vibrio proteolyticus because the homology between XA19 and V. proteolyticus WDVP was as high as 99.86% by using 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis and NCBI database comparison. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that V. proteolyticus is short-rod-shaped with a curved body and no budding spores, pods and flagella. Antimicrobial susceptibility test proved that V. proteolyticus was resistant to ampicillin, oxacillin, penicillin, vancomycin and clindamycin. In the median lethal concentration 50 (LC50 ) test, at 7-day post-infection (dpi), LC50 of V. proteolyticus for Fenneropenaeus merguiensis was 1.69 × 104 CFU/mL. Transcriptome sequencing analysis was carried out on hepatopancreas of F. merguiensis at 24 and 48 hpi. A total of 176 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened at 24 hpi, including 104 up-regulated DEGs and 72 down-regulated DEGs, and a total of 52 DEGs were screened at 48 hpi, including 32 up-regulated DEGs and 20 down-regulated DEGs. In the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs, many immune-related signalling pathways were significantly enriched, including Hippo signalling pathway, phagosome, Toll and Imd signalling pathways and Wnt signalling pathway. In addition, some pathways related to Warburg effect were also enriched, including Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis, Biosynthesis of amino acids, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism and so on. In this study, the toxicity and drug sensitivity of V. proteolyticus were systematically studied, and the immune response of hepatopancreas of F. merguiensis to V. proteolyticus infection was preliminarily revealed from the molecular level. The results may provide a reference for the prevention and control of V. proteolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqi Zhong
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zihao He
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xinxin Long
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Danqing Hou
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xianye Hu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chengbo Sun
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, China
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10
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Zhu L, Li Y, Qiu L, Chen X, Guo B, Li H, Qi P. Screening of genes encoding proteins that interact with Nrf2: Probing a cDNA library from Mytilus coruscus using a yeast two-hybrid system. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 142:109112. [PMID: 37751644 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The Nuclear factor Erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is the most important endogenous antioxidant factor in organisms, and it has been demonstrated that it exerts extensive control over the immune response by interacting with crucial innate immunity components directly or indirectly. Although Nrf2 has been widely confirmed to be involved in stress resistance in mammals and some fish, its contribution to mollusks oxidative stress resistance has not frequently been documented. In this investigation, total RNA was taken from the digestive gland of M. coruscus, and a cDNA library was constructed and screened using the GATEWAY recombination technology. The Nrf2 cDNA sequence of M. coruscus was cloned into the pGBKT7 vector to prepare the bait plasmid. Using yeast two-hybrid system, after auxotrophic medium screening, sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis, 13 binding proteins that interacted with Nrf2 were finally identified. They were QM-like protein, 40S ribosomal protein S4 (RPS4), ribosomal protein S2 (RPS2), ribosomal protein L12 (RPL12), EF1-alpha mRNA for elongation factor 1 alpha (eEF1-alpha), ferritin, alpha-amylase, trypsin, vdg3, period clock protein, cyclophilin A isoform 1 (CYP A), serine protease CFSP2, histone variant H2A.Z (H2A.Z). For a better understanding the physiological function of Nrf2 in animals and as a potential target for future research on protein roles in Nrf2 interactions, it is crucial to clarify these protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316004, China
| | - Yaru Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316004, China
| | - Longmei Qiu
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316004, China
| | - Xinglu Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316004, China
| | - Baoying Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316004, China
| | - Hongfei Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316004, China; Donghai Laboratory, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316021, China.
| | - Pengzhi Qi
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316004, China; Donghai Laboratory, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316021, China.
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11
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Xu W, Yang Y, Tian J, Du X, Ye Y, Liu Z, Li Y, Zhao Y. Haloxyfop-P-methyl induces immunotoxicity and glucose metabolism disorders and affects the Nrf2/ARE pathway mediated antioxidant system in Chiromantes dehaani. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 335:122332. [PMID: 37558200 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Haloxyfop-P-methyl is used extensively in agricultural production, and its metabolites in soil have potentially toxic effects on aquatic ecosystems. In this study, we explored the toxicity of haloxyfop-P-methyl on Chiromantes dehaani. The results of the 21-day toxicity test showed that haloxyfop-P-methyl decreased the weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and hepatosomatic index (HSI). In glucose metabolism, haloxyfop-P-methyl reduced pyruvate, lactate, lactate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase, but enhanced glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and hexokinase. Furthermore, expression of glucose metabolism-related genes was upregulated. We cloned the full-length CdG6PDH gene, which contains a 1587 bp ORF that encoded a 528 amino acid polypeptide. In antioxidant system, haloxyfop-P-methyl increased glutathione, thioredoxin reductase and thioredoxin peroxidase activities and activated the Nrf2/ARE pathway through upregulation of ERK, JNK, PKC and Nrf2. In immunity, low concentrations haloxyfop-P-methyl, or short-term exposure, upregulated the expression of immune-related genes and enhanced immune-related enzymes activity, while high concentrations or long-term exposure inhibited immune function. In summary, haloxyfop-P-methyl inhibited the growth performance, disrupted glucose metabolism, activated the antioxidant system, and led to immunotoxicity. The results deepen our understanding of the toxicity mechanism of haloxyfop-P-methyl and provide basic biological data for the comprehensive assessment of the risk of haloxyfop-P-methyl to the environment and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyue Xu
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ying Yang
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jiangtao Tian
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xinglin Du
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yucong Ye
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhiquan Liu
- School of Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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12
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Jeyachandran S, Chellapandian H, Park K, Kwak IS. Exploring the Antimicrobial Potential and Biofilm Inhibitory Properties of Hemocyanin from Hemifusus pugilinus (Born, 1778). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11494. [PMID: 37511256 PMCID: PMC10380319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The seafood industry plays a huge role in the blue economy, exploiting the advantage of the enriched protein content of marine organisms such as shrimps and molluscs, which are cultured in aquafarms. Diseases greatly affect these aquatic organisms in culture and, hence, there is need to study, in detail, their innate immune mechanisms. Hemocyanin is a non-specific innate defense molecule present in the blood cells of several invertebrates, especially molluscs, arthropods, and annelids. It is concerned with oxygen transport, blood clotting, and immune enhancement. In the present study, this macromolecular metalloprotein was isolated from the hemolymph of the marine snail Hemifusus pugilinus (Born, 1778) using Sephadex G-100 gel filtration column chromatography. It occurred as a single band (MW 80 kDa) on SDS-PAGE. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of the purified hemocyanin showed a single peak with a retention time of 4.3 min. The secondary structure and stability of the protein were detected using circular dichroism (CD), and the spectra demonstrated negative ellipticity bands close to 208 nm and 225 nm, indicating β-sheets. Further exploration of the purified hemocyanin revealed remarkable antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities against Gram-positive (Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris) at a concentration of 1-5 μg/mL. Spectrophotometric and in situ microscopic analyses (CLSM) unveiled the potential of the purified hemocyanin to inhibit biofilm formation in these bacteria with a minimal inhibitory concentration of 40 μg/mL. Furthermore, H. pugilinus hemocyanin (10 μg/mL concentration) displayed antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger. The purified hemocyanin was also assessed for cytotoxicity against human cancer cells using cell viability assays. Altogether, the present study shows that molluscan hemocyanin is a potential antimicrobial, antibiofilm, antifungal, anticancer, and immunomodulatory agent, with great scope for application in the enhancement of the immune system of molluscs, thereby facilitating their aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivakamavalli Jeyachandran
- Lab in Biotechnology & Biosignal Transduction, Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hethesh Chellapandian
- Lab in Biotechnology & Biosignal Transduction, Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kiyun Park
- Fisheries Science Institute, Chonnam National University, 50 Daehak-ro, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea
| | - Ihn-Sil Kwak
- Fisheries Science Institute, Chonnam National University, 50 Daehak-ro, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea
- Department of Ocean Integrated Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea
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13
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Bethke K, Kropidłowska K, Stepnowski P, Caban M. Review of warming and acidification effects to the ecotoxicity of pharmaceuticals on aquatic organisms in the era of climate change. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 877:162829. [PMID: 36924950 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
An increase in the temperature and the acidification of the aquatic environment are among the many consequences of global warming. Climate change can also negatively affect aquatic organisms indirectly, by altering the toxicity of pollutants. Models of climate change impacts on the distribution, fate and ecotoxicity of persistent pollutants are now available. For pharmaceuticals, however, as new environmental pollutants, there are no predictions on this issue. Therefore, this paper organizes the existing knowledge on the effects of temperature, pH and both stressors combined on the toxicity of pharmaceuticals on aquatic organisms. Besides lethal toxicity, the molecular, physiological and behavioral biomarkers of sub-lethal stress were also assessed. Both acute and chronic toxicity, as well as bioaccumulation, were found to be affected. The direction and magnitude of these changes depend on the specific pharmaceutical, as well as the organism and conditions involved. Unfortunately, the response of organisms was enhanced by combined stressors. We compare the findings with those known for persistent organic pollutants, for which the pH has a relatively low effect on toxicity. The acid-base constant of molecules, as assumed, have an effect on the toxicity change with pH modulation. Studies with bivalves have been were overrepresented, while too little attention was paid to producers. Furthermore, the limited number of pharmaceuticals have been tested, and metabolites skipped altogether. Generally, the effects of warming and acidification were rather indicated than explored, and much more attention needs to be given to the ecotoxicology of pharmaceuticals in climate change conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Bethke
- University of Gdansk, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental Analysis, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Klaudia Kropidłowska
- University of Gdansk, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental Analysis, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- University of Gdansk, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental Analysis, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magda Caban
- University of Gdansk, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental Analysis, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
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14
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Khanjani MH, Sharifinia M, Emerenciano MGC. A detailed look at the impacts of biofloc on immunological and hematological parameters and improving resistance to diseases. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 137:108796. [PMID: 37149233 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The innate immunity of invertebrates serves as a critical trait that provides a valuable foundation for studying the common biological responses to environmental changes. With the exponential growth of the human population, the demand for protein has soared, leading to the intensification of aquaculture. Regrettably, this intensification has resulted in the overuse of antibiotics and chemotherapeutics, which have led to the emergence of resistant microbes or superbugs. In this regard, biofloc technology (BFT) emerges as a promising strategy for disease management in aquaculture. By harnessing the power of antibiotics, probiotics, and prebiotics, BFT offers a sustainable and eco-friendly approach that can help mitigate the negative impacts of harmful chemicals. By adopting this innovative technology, we can enhance the immunity and promote the health of aquatic organisms, thereby ensuring the long-term viability of the aquaculture industry. Using a proper carbon to nitrogen ratio, normally adding an external carbon source, BFT recycles waste in culture system with no water exchange. Heterotrophic bacteria grow along with other key microbes in the culture water. Heterotrophs play a major role in assimilating ammonia from feed and fecal waste, crucial pathway to form suspended microbial aggregates (known as 'biofloc'); while chemoautotrophs (e.g. nitrifying bacteria) oxidize ammonia into nitrite, and nitrite into nitrate promoting a healthy farming conditions. By using a highly aerated media and an organic substrates that contain carbon and nitrogen, protein-rich microbes are able to flocculate in culture water. Several types of microorganisms and their cell components have been studied and applied to aquatic animals as probiotics or immunostimulants (lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, and 1-glucans) to enhance their innate immunity and antioxidant status, thereby enhancing their resistance to disease. In recent years, many studies have been conducted on the application of BFT for different farmed aquatic species and it has been observed as a promising method for the development of sustainable aquaculture, especially due to less use of water, increased productivity and biosecurity, but also an enhancement of the health status of several aquaculture species. This review analyses the immune status, antioxidant activity, blood and biochemical parameters, and level of resistance against pathogenic agents of aquatic animals farmed in BFT systems. This manuscript aims to gather and showcase the scientific evidences related to biofloc as a 'health promoter' in a unique document for the industry and academia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Khanjani
- Department of Fisheries Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Moslem Sharifinia
- Shrimp Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bushehr, 75169-89177, Iran.
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15
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Gallardo-Escárate C, Valenzuela-Muñoz V, Nuñez-Acuña G, Valenzuela-Miranda D, Tapia FJ, Yévenes M, Gajardo G, Toro JE, Oyarzún PA, Arriagada G, Novoa B, Figueras A, Roberts S, Gerdol M. Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly of the Blue Mussel Mytilus chilensis Reveals Molecular Signatures Facing the Marine Environment. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040876. [PMID: 37107634 PMCID: PMC10137854 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The blue mussel Mytilus chilensis is an endemic and key socioeconomic species inhabiting the southern coast of Chile. This bivalve species supports a booming aquaculture industry, which entirely relies on artificially collected seeds from natural beds that are translocated to diverse physical-chemical ocean farming conditions. Furthermore, mussel production is threatened by a broad range of microorganisms, pollution, and environmental stressors that eventually impact its survival and growth. Herein, understanding the genomic basis of the local adaption is pivotal to developing sustainable shellfish aquaculture. We present a high-quality reference genome of M. chilensis, which is the first chromosome-level genome for a Mytilidae member in South America. The assembled genome size was 1.93 Gb, with a contig N50 of 134 Mb. Through Hi-C proximity ligation, 11,868 contigs were clustered, ordered, and assembled into 14 chromosomes in congruence with the karyological evidence. The M. chilensis genome comprises 34,530 genes and 4795 non-coding RNAs. A total of 57% of the genome contains repetitive sequences with predominancy of LTR-retrotransposons and unknown elements. Comparative genome analysis of M. chilensis and M. coruscus was conducted, revealing genic rearrangements distributed into the whole genome. Notably, transposable Steamer-like elements associated with horizontal transmissible cancer were explored in reference genomes, suggesting putative relationships at the chromosome level in Bivalvia. Genome expression analysis was also conducted, showing putative genomic differences between two ecologically different mussel populations. The evidence suggests that local genome adaptation and physiological plasticity can be analyzed to develop sustainable mussel production. The genome of M. chilensis provides pivotal molecular knowledge for the Mytilus complex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gustavo Nuñez-Acuña
- Center for Aquaculture Research, University of Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | | | - Fabian J Tapia
- Center for Aquaculture Research, University of Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Marco Yévenes
- Laboratorio de Genética, Acuicultura & Biodiversidad, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Biodiversidad, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno 5310230, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Gajardo
- Laboratorio de Genética, Acuicultura & Biodiversidad, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Biodiversidad, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno 5310230, Chile
| | - Jorge E Toro
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas (ICML), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - Pablo A Oyarzún
- Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Universidad Andres Bello, Quintay 2340000, Chile
| | - Gloria Arriagada
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago 8370415, Chile
| | - Beatriz Novoa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 36208 Vigo, Spain
| | - Antonio Figueras
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 36208 Vigo, Spain
| | - Steven Roberts
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences (SAFS), University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Marco Gerdol
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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16
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Guo Z, Zuo J, Liu X, Gong J, Ma K, Feng J, Li J, Zhang S, Qiu G. Effects of titanium dioxide (TiO 2)/activated carbon (AC) nanoparticle on the growth and immunity of the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii: potential toxicological risks to the aquatic crustaceans. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:33322-33333. [PMID: 36478551 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24555-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to their unique physicochemical characteristics, nanomaterials exhibit many excellent properties and functions, leading to their applications in numerous fields. The large-scale production and widespread application of nanomaterials have inevitably resulted in their release into the environment, especially the water environment. Several studies have confirmed that exposure to nanomaterials can be toxic to aquatic organisms. However, few studies have focused on the effects of nanomaterial exposure on growth and immunity in crustaceans. In the present study, juvenile Macrobrachium rosenbergii were exposed to different concentrations of titanium dioxide (TiO2)/activated carbon (AC) composite nanomaterial (0.1 and 0.5 mg/L) for 45 days. The effects of nanoparticle exposure on digestion and antioxidant-related enzyme activities, as well as the expression of growth and immunity-related genes and signaling pathway, were evaluated. Our results show that in response to low concentration of TiO2/AC nanoparticle (0.1 mg/L), most of the enzyme activities related to digestion and antioxidation (TPS, LPS, AMS, SOD, and CAT) were diminished. On the contrary, the GSH-Px activity increased under the 0.1 mg/L group of TiO2/AC nanoparticle concentration. Additionally, the level of digestive and antioxidant enzyme activities we detected was increased when exposed to 0.5 mg/L TiO2/AC nanoparticle. By comparison to the expression level of growth-related genes in the control group, MSTN, CaBP, E75, Raptor, EcR, and EGF were significantly inhibited at 0.1 and 0.5 mg/L concentrations of TiO2/AC nanoparticle, whereas the expression level of genes (TLR, JAK, STAT, PPAF, ACP, and AKP) related to immunity was increased when exposed to different concentrations of TiO2/AC nanoparticle. Compared with the control group (0 mg/L concentration), 5166 DEGs were identified in the TiO2/AC nanoparticle group, and a large number of DEGs were involved in molting, energy metabolism, stress tolerance, and germ cell development. Moreover, KEGG analysis revealed that many DEGs were assigned into signaling pathways related to metabolic growth and immune stress. These results showed that exposure to TiO2/AC nanoparticle will result in the changes of enzyme activity and routine mRNA expression, suggesting that TiO2/AC nanoparticle which existed in aquatic environment might affect the physiology of M. rosenbergii. This study will provide significant information for the evaluation of nanomaterial toxicity on aquatic crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Guo
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, 201306, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiabao Zuo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 210094, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Liu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, 201306, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Gong
- Dinghe Aquatic Science and Technology Development Co., LTD, 225300, Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Keyi Ma
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, 201306, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Hucheng Huan Road, Pudong New Area, 201306, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianbin Feng
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, 201306, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiale Li
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, 201306, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shupeng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 210094, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaofeng Qiu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, 201306, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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17
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White DM, Valsamidis MA, Kokkoris GD, Bakopoulos V. The effect of temperature and challenge route on in vitro hemocyte phagocytosis activation after experimental challenge of common octopus, Octopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) with either Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae or Vibrio anguillarum O1. Microb Pathog 2023; 174:105955. [PMID: 36538965 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases in aquaculture could be associated with high mortalities and morbidity rates, resulting in negative impacts to fish farming industry, consumers, and the environment. Octopods are reared near marine fish farming areas, and this may represent a major risk since fish pathogens may cause pathologies to octopods. Up to date cephalopods immune defense and pathologies, are incompletely understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of water temperature and challenge route on hemocyte phagocytosis in vitro after experimental challenge of common octopus with Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae or Vibrio anguillarum O1. Hemolymph was withdrawn at various time-points post-challenge and the number of circulating hemocytes, and phagocytosis ability were determined. No mortalities were recorded irrespective of pathogen, route of challenge and temperature employed. Great variation was observed in the number of circulating hemocytes of both control and challenged specimens in both experiments (1.04 × 10⁵ to 22.33 × 10⁵ hemocytes/ml for the Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae challenge and 1.35 × 105 to 24.63 × 105 hemocytes/ml for the Vibrio anguillarum O1 and at both studied temperatures). No correlation was found between circulating hemocytes and baseline control specimens body weight. Probably, the number of circulating hemocytes is affected by many extrinsic, and intrinsic factors such as size, age, maturity stage, natural fluctuations and temperature, as indicated in the literature. The hemocyte foreign particles binding ability observed in Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae experiments, at 21 ± 0.5 °C and 24 ± 0.5 °C, was (mean ± SD) 2.26 ± 2.96 and 11.72 ± 12.36 yeast cells/hemocyte for baseline specimens and 7.84 ± 8.88 and 8.56 ± 9.89 yeast cells/hemocyte for control and challenged specimens, respectively. The corresponding values for Vibrio anguillarum O1 experiments were (mean ± SD) 6.68 ± 9.26 and 7.00 ± 8.11 yeast cells/hemocyte for baseline specimens and 8.82 ± 9.75 and 6.04 ± 7.64 yeast cells/hemocyte for control and challenged specimens, respectively. Hemocytes of the Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae and Vibrio anguillarum O1 challenged specimens, were more activated at lower temperature. Apparently, temperature is an important factor in hemocyte activation. In addition, our results indicated that time post challenge, route of challenge and pathogen may influence phagocytosis ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella-Mari White
- Department of Marine Sciences, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, University Hill, Mytilene, 81100, Lesvos, Greece.
| | - Michail-Aggelos Valsamidis
- Department of Marine Sciences, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, University Hill, Mytilene, 81100, Lesvos, Greece
| | - Georgios D Kokkoris
- Department of Marine Sciences, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, University Hill, Mytilene, 81100, Lesvos, Greece
| | - Vasileios Bakopoulos
- Department of Marine Sciences, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, University Hill, Mytilene, 81100, Lesvos, Greece
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Dolar A, Drobne D, Narat M, Jemec Kokalj A. Tire microplastics exposure in soil induces changes in expression profile of immune-related genes in terrestrial crustacean Porcellio scaber. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 314:120233. [PMID: 36152721 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tire particles pose a potential threat to terrestrial organisms because they are deposited in large quantities in the soil by tire wear abrasion, and moreover their chemical complexity poses an additional risk. Microplastics can affect several physiological processes in organisms, including those related to immunity. Therefore, we investigated the expression profile of selected immune-related genes (MnSod, Manganese Superoxide dismutase; Cat, Catalase; CypG, Cyclophilin G; Nos, Nitric oxide synthase; Ppae2a, Prophenoloxidase-activating enzyme 2a; Dscam, Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule; Myd88, Myeloid-differentiation factor 88; Toll4, Toll-like receptor 4; Mas-like, Masquerade-like protein) in haemocytes and the digestive gland hepatopancreas of terrestrial crustacean Porcellio scaber after two different time exposures (4 and 14 days) to tire particles in soil. Our results reveal for the first time the response of P. scaber after microplastic exposure at the transcriptome level. We observed time- and tissue-dependent changes in the expression of the analysed genes, with more pronounced alterations in haemocytes after 14 days of exposure. Some minor changes were also observed in hepatopancreas after 4 days. Changes in the expression profile of the analysed genes are a direct indication of a modulated immune status of the test organism, which, however, does not represent an adverse effect on the test organism under the given conditions. Nevertheless, the question remains whether the observed change in immune status affects the immunocompetence of the test organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andraž Dolar
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Damjana Drobne
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Narat
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Animal Science, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anita Jemec Kokalj
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Zhuang Y, Li Q, Cao C, Tang XS, Wang NA, Yuan K, Zhong GF. Bovine lactoferricin on non-specific immunity of giant freshwater prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:891-897. [PMID: 36334700 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary Bovine lactoferricin (LFcinB) on the growth performance and non-specific immunity in Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Five experimental diets were 1.0‰ Bovine lactoferricin (LCB1); 1.5‰ Bovine lactoferricin (LCB1.5); 2.0‰ Bovine lactoferricin (LCB2); 2.5‰ Bovine lactoferricin (LCB2.5); the control group, basal diet without Bovine lactoferricin. A total of 600 prawns were randomly assigned to 5 groups in triplicate in 15 tanks for an 8-week feeding trial. The results showed the final weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate and survival rate of prawns in the treatment groups were significantly improved versus the control (P < 0.05). The feed conversion ratio was reduced significantly in treatment groups compared to the control (P < 0.05). Compared with the control, alkaline phosphatase (AKP), acid phosphatase (ACP), lysozyme (LZM), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the hepatopancreas of the treatment groups were significantly enhanced, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content was reduced significantly (P < 0.05). Compared with the control, the relative expression levels of AKP, ACP, LZM, CAT, SOD, Hsp70, peroxiredoxin-5, Toll, dorsal and relish genes were significantly higher among treatment groups, except for the AKP gene in the LCB1 group and the Hsp70 gene in the LCB1.5 group (P < 0.05). Compared with the control, the relative expression levels of TOR, 4E-BP, eIF4E1α and eIF4E2 genes were significantly enhanced in the LCB1.5 group (P < 0.05). When resistance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus in prawn is considered, higher doses of Bovine lactoferricin show better antibacterial ability. The present study indicated that dietary Bovine lactoferricin could significantly improve the growth performance and improve the antioxidative status of M. rosenbergii. The suitable addition level is 1.5 g/kg. LFcinB has great potential as a new feed additive without the threat of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhuang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Qi Li
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Cong Cao
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xiang-Shan Tang
- Zhejiang Hangzhou Tiao Wang Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Nu-An Wang
- South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Kun Yuan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Guo-Fang Zhong
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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20
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Weng N, Meng J, Huo S, Wu F, Wang WX. Hemocytes of bivalve mollusks as cellular models in toxicological studies of metals and metal-based nanomaterials. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 312:120082. [PMID: 36057327 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the impacts of environmental pollutants on immune systems is indispensable in ecological and health risk assessments due to the significance of normal immunological functions in all living organisms. Bivalves as sentinel organisms with vital ecological importance are widely distributed in aquatic environments and their innate immune systems are the sensitive targets of environmental pollutants. As the central component of innate immunity, bivalve hemocytes are endowed with specialized endolysosomal systems for particle internalization and metal detoxification. These intrinsic biological features make them a unique cellular model for metal- and nano-immunotoxicology research. In this review, we firstly provided a general overview of bivalve's innate immunity and the classification and immune functions of hemocytes. We then summarized the recent progress on the interactions of metals and nanoparticles with bivalve hemocytes, with emphasis on the involvement of hemocytes in metal regulation and detoxification, the interactions of hemocytes and nanoparticles at eco/bio-nano interface and hemocyte-mediated immune responses to the exposure of metals and nanoparticles. Finally, we proposed the key knowledge gaps and future research priorities in deciphering the fundamental biological processes of the interactions of environmental pollutants with the innate immune system of bivalves as well as in developing bivalve hemocytes into a promising cellular model for nano-immuno-safety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanyan Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Jie Meng
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Shouliang Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Wang
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
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21
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Cheng H, Dai Y, Ruan X, Duan X, Zhang C, Li L, Huang F, Shan J, Liang K, Jia X, Wang Q, Zhao H. Effects of nanoplastic exposure on the immunity and metabolism of red crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) based on high-throughput sequencing. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 245:114114. [PMID: 36179446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that nanoplastics (NPs) are harmful pollutants that threaten aquatic organisms and ecosystems, however, less research has been conducted on the hazards of NPs for aquaculture animals. In this study, Cherax quadricarinatus was used as an experimental model to evaluate the possible effects of three concentrations (25, 250 and 2500 μg/L) of NPs on red crayfish. The toxicological effects of NPs on this species were investigated based on transcriptomics and microbiome. A total of 67,668 genes were obtained from the transcriptome. The annotation rate of the four major libraries (Nr, KEGG, KOG, Swissprot) was 40.17 %, and the functions of differential genes were mainly related to antioxidant activity, metabolism and immune processes. During the experiment, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the high concentration group were significantly decreased, while the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased after nanoplastics (NPs) exposure, and SOD1, Jafrac1 were significantly reduced at high concentrations. expression is inhibited. The immune genes LYZ and PPO2 were highly expressed at low concentrations and suppressed at high concentrations. After 14 days of exposure to NPs, significant changes in gut microbiota were observed, such as decreased abundances of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes. NPs compromise host health by inducing changes in microbial communities and the production of beneficial bacterial metabolites. Overall, these results suggest that NPs affect immune-related gene expression and antioxidant enzyme activity in red crayfish and cause redox imbalance in the body, altering the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huitao Cheng
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Yuantang Dai
- Modern Agriculture Comprehensive Service Center of Dongyuan County, Heyuan 517500, China.
| | - Xinhe Ruan
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xuzhuo Duan
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chunli Zhang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lihua Li
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fengqi Huang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jinhong Shan
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kaishan Liang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xianze Jia
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qing Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Huihong Zhao
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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22
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Wang S, Tian L, Wu Y, Zhou Y, Guan B, Li J, Cai Y. An accidental discovery of mannan-oligosaccharide's protection effect against air exposure and its potential mechanism in hybrid grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂ × Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:1285-1297. [PMID: 36048294 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01118-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The original objective was to explore the potential benefiting effects of three prebiotics in hybrid grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus♂ × Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀). Therefore, three experimental diets (basal diet + 1% fructooligosaccharide, Diet F; basal diet + 1% inulin, Diet I; basal diet + 0.3% mannan-oligosaccharide, Diet M) and one basal diet (Diet C) were prepared and a feeding trial was conducted. However, at the end of the fourth week into the feeding experiment, a water-leaking accident occurred and fishes of all groups went through an unexpected air exposure event. Surprisingly, different prebiotic-supplemented groups showed significantly different air exposure tolerance: the mortality of M group was significantly lower (P ≤ 0.05) than all the other groups. Examination of antioxidant, non-specific immunity, and stress parameters revealed that comparing to control group, M group showed significantly increased catalase (CAT), acid phosphatase (ACP), and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activities, decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and similar cortisol level (P ≤ 0.05). Real-time PCR experiment revealed that M group significantly increased the expression of CAT, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) genes in head kidney (P ≤ 0.05). Overall, M exhibited the best anti-air exposure/antioxidative stress effects among the three prebiotics and could be considered a promising feed additive to relieve air exposure/oxidative stress in hybrid grouper culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangjin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongcan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Boyuan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianlong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Huang X, Leung JYS, Hu M, Xu EG, Wang Y. Microplastics can aggravate the impact of ocean acidification on the health of mussels: Insights from physiological performance, immunity and byssus properties. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 308:119701. [PMID: 35779660 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification may increase the risk of disease outbreaks that would challenge the future persistence of marine organisms if their immune system and capacity to produce vital structures for survival (e.g., byssus threads produced by bivalves) are compromised by acidified seawater. These potential adverse effects may be exacerbated by microplastic pollution, which is forecast to co-occur with ocean acidification in the future. Thus, we evaluated the impact of ocean acidification and microplastics on the health of a mussel species (Mytilus coruscus) by assessing its physiological performance, immunity and byssus properties. We found that ocean acidification and microplastics not only reduced hemocyte concentration and viability due to elevated oxidative stress, but also undermined phagocytic activity of hemocytes due to lowered energy budget of mussels, which was in turn caused by the reduced feeding performance and energy assimilation. Byssus quality (strength and extensibility) and production were also reduced by ocean acidification and microplastics. To increase the chance of survival with these stressors, the mussels prioritized the synthesis of some byssus proteins (Mfp-4 and Mfp-5) to help maintain adhesion to substrata. Nevertheless, our findings suggest that co-occurrence of ocean acidification and microplastic pollution would increase the susceptibility of bivalves to infectious diseases and dislodgement risk, thereby threatening their survival and undermining their ecological contributions to the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xizhi Huang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, China; Institute of Geosciences, University of Mainz, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Jonathan Y S Leung
- Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - Menghong Hu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Elvis Genbo Xu
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Youji Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, China.
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24
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Ericson JA, Venter L, Welford MRV, Kumanan K, Alfaro AC, Ragg NLC. Effects of seawater temperature and acute Vibriosp. challenge on the haemolymph immune and metabolic responses of adult mussels (Perna canaliculus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 128:664-675. [PMID: 35981703 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The New Zealand Greenshell™ mussel (Perna canaliculus) is an endemic bivalve species with cultural importance, that is harvested recreationally and commercially. However, production is currently hampered by increasing incidences of summer mortality in farmed and wild populations. While the causative factors for these mortality events are still unknown, it is believed that increasing seawater temperatures and pathogen loads are potentially at play. To improve our understanding of these processes, challenge experiments were conducted to investigate the combined effects of increased seawater temperature and Vibrio infection on the immune and metabolic responses of adult mussels. Biomarkers that measure the physiological response of mussels to multiple-stressors can be utilised to study resilience in a changing environment, and support efforts to strengthen biosecurity management. Mussels acclimated to two temperatures (16 °C and 24 °C) were injected with either autoclaved, filtered seawater (control) or Vibriosp. DO1 (infected). Then, haemolymph was sampled 24 h post-injection and analysed to quantify haemocyte immune responses (via flow-cytometry), antioxidant capacity (measured electrochemically) and metabolic responses (via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) to bacterial infection. Both seawater temperature and injection type significantly influenced the immune and metabolite status of mussels. A lack of interaction effects between temperature and injection type indicated that the effects of Vibrio sp. 24 h post-infection were similar between seawater temperatures. Infected mussels had a higher proportion of dead haemocytes and lower overall haemocyte counts than uninfected controls. The proportion of haemocytes showing evidence of apoptosis was higher in mussels held at 24 °C compared with those held at 16 °C. The proportion of haemocytes producing reactive oxygen species did not differ between temperatures or injection treatments. Mussels held at 24 °C exhibited elevated levels of metabolites linked to the glycolysis pathway to support energy production. The saccharopin-lysine pathway metabolites were also increased in these mussels, indicating the role of lysine metabolism. A decrease in metabolic activity (decreases in BCAAs, GABA, urea cycle metabolites, oxidative stress metabolites) was largely seen in mussels injected with Vibrio sp. Itaconate increased as seen in previous studies, suggesting that antimicrobial activity may have been activated in infected mussels. This study highlights the complex nature of immune and metabolic responses in mussels exposed to multiple stressors and gives an insight into Vibrio sp. infection mechanisms at different seawater temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonie Venter
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Mena R V Welford
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Karthiga Kumanan
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson, 7042, New Zealand; Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrea C Alfaro
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Norman L C Ragg
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson, 7042, New Zealand
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25
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Wang Y, Liu Z, Liu C, Liu R, Yang C, Wang L, Song L. Cortisol modulates glucose metabolism and oxidative response after acute high temperature stress in Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 126:141-149. [PMID: 35561949 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cortisol is the main stress hormone that plays crucial roles in energy metabolism and immune response in vertebrates. In the present study, the homologues of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (designated Cg11β-HSD1) and 5α-reductase 1 (designated Cg5αR1), the key enzymes related to cortisol metabolism, were identified from Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. The Cg11β-HSD1 harbored a conserved SDR domain, and Cg5αR1 contained a Steroid_dh domain and three transmembrane domains. The mRNA transcripts of Cg11β-HSD1 and Cg5αR1 were constitutively expressed in all the examined tissues of oysters, with the highest expression level in haemocytes and labial palp, respectively. After acute high temperature stress (28 °C), the mRNA expression level of Cg11β-HSD1 in hepatopancreas significantly up-regulated at 6 h and 12 h, and that of Cg5αR1 significantly up-regulated at 6 h, compared with the Blank group (11 °C). The concentration of cortisol and glucose, as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in hepatopancreas all significantly up-regulated after acute high temperature stress, while the glycogen concentration in adductor muscle decreased significantly at 6 h and 12 h. After the blockage of Cg11β-HSD1 with metyrapone, the cortisol concentration and the activities of SOD and CAT significantly decreased after acute high temperature stress, the glucose concentration in hepatopancreas significantly increased at 24 h, and the glycogen concentration in adductor muscle significantly increased at 6 h. These results collectively suggested that cortisol played a crucial role in regulating glucose metabolism and oxidative response in oysters upon acute high temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhaoqun Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Ranyang Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Chuanyan Yang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
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Lin S, Wang K, Yang B, Li B, Shen X, Du Z. Dopamine receptor (DAR) and dopa decarboxylase (DDC) mediate hepatopancreas antibacterial innate immune reactions in Procambarus clarkii. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 214:140-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Dolar A, Jemec Kokalj A, Drobne D. Time-Course of the Innate Immune Response of the Terrestrial Crustacean Porcellio scaber After Injection of a Single Dose of Lipopolysaccharide. Front Immunol 2022; 13:867077. [PMID: 35592321 PMCID: PMC9110979 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.867077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Invertebrates, including crustaceans, rely on cellular and humoral immune responses to protect against extrinsic and intrinsic factors that threaten their integrity. Recently, different immune parameters have been increasingly used as biomarkers of effects of pollutants and environmental change. Here, we describe the dynamics of the innate immune response of the terrestrial crustacean Porcellio scaber to injection of a single dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an important molecular surface component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. The aim was to provide a basis for interpretation of change in immune parameters as a result of different challenges, including microplastics and nanoplastics exposure. Changes in total and differential numbers of hemocytes, hemocyte viability, and humoral immune parameters (i.e., phenoloxidase-like activity, nitric oxide levels) were assessed at different times (3, 6, 12, 24, 48 h). An injection of 0.5 μg/μL LPS into the body of P. scaber resulted in a rapid decrease (3 h after LPS injection) in the total number of hemocytes and reduced viability of the hemocytes. This was accompanied by changed proportions of the different hemocyte types, as a decrease in the numbers of semigranulocytes and granulocytes, and a marked increase in the numbers of hyalinocytes. In addition, phenoloxidase-like activity and nitric oxide levels in the hemolymph were increased at 3 h and 6 h, respectively, after the LPS challenge. Forty-eight hours after LPS injection, the immune parameters in the hemolymph of P. scaber had returned to those before the LPS challenge. This suggests that the innate immune system successfully protected P. scaber from the deleterious effects of the LPS challenge. These data indicate the need to consider the dynamics of innate immune responses of P. scaber when effects of infections, pollutants, or environmental changes are studied. We also propose an approach to test the immunocompetence of organisms after different challenges in ecotoxicity studies, based on the dynamics of their immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andraž Dolar
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anita Jemec Kokalj
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damjana Drobne
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Dolar A, Drobne D, Dolenec M, Marinšek M, Jemec Kokalj A. Time-dependent immune response in Porcellio scaber following exposure to microplastics and natural particles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 818:151816. [PMID: 34813818 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are very common contaminants in the environment. Despite increasing efforts to assess the effects of microplastics on soil organisms, there remains a lack of knowledge on how organisms respond to diverse types of microplastics after different exposure durations. In the present study, we investigated the immune response of the terrestrial crustacean Porcellio scaber exposed to the two most common microplastic particles in the environment: polyester fibres and tyre particles. We also tested two natural particles: wood dust and silica powder, with all treatments performed at 1.5% w/w. The response of P. scaber was evaluated at the level of the immune system, and also the biochemical, organism and population level, after different exposure durations (1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 21 days). These data reveal dynamic changes in the levels of some immune parameters shortly after exposure, with a gradual return to control values. The total number of haemocytes was significantly decreased after 4 days of exposure to tyre particles, while the proportion of different haemocyte types in the haemolymph was altered shortly after exposure to both polyester fibres and tyre particles. Moreover, 7 days of exposure to tyre particles resulted in increased superoxide dismutase activity in the haemolymph, while metabolic activity in whole woodlice (measured as electron transport system activity) was increased after exposure for 7, 14 and 21 days. In contrast, the natural particles did not elicit any significant changes in the measured parameters. Survival and feeding of P. scaber were not altered by exposure to the microplastics and natural particles in soil. Overall, this study defines a time-dependent transient immune response of P. scaber, which indicates that immune parameters represent sensitive biomarkers of exposure to microplastics. We discuss the importance of using natural particles in studies of microplastics exposure and their effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andraž Dolar
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Damjana Drobne
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matej Dolenec
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marjan Marinšek
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anita Jemec Kokalj
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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29
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In vitro hemocyte phagocytosis activation after experimental infection of common octopus, Octopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) with Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida or Vibrio alginolyticus at different temperatures and infection routes. J Invertebr Pathol 2022; 191:107754. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2022.107754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Shi W, Hu R, Wang P, Zhao R, Shen H, Li H, Wang L, Qiao Y, Jiang G, Cheng J, Wan X. Transcriptome analysis of acute high temperature-responsive genes and pathways in Palaemon gravieri. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2022; 41:100958. [PMID: 34999569 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Temperature is an important variable factor in aquaculture which affects the health, survival, behavior, growth, and development of aquatic animals. Palaemon gravieri is one of the main economic shrimps in marine capture fisheries of the East China Sea and the South China Yellow Sea; however, it cannot tolerate high temperatures, thereby, resulting in unsuccessful large-scale farming. Thus far, there are few studies on the effects of acute high temperature on P. graviera. Therefore, it is especially important to study the effects of temperature fluctuations, especially acute high temperature, on P. gravieri. In this study, P. gravieri was treated with acute high-temperature stress, which gradually rose from 15 °C to 30 °C in 3 h, then remained at 30 °C for 12 h. The hepatopancreas of shrimps from five time points was collected once at 15 °C and thereafter, every 3 h after 30 °C. The samples of G0, G1, and G4 were selected for transcriptome analysis. A total of 18,308 unigenes were annotated, of which 7744 were differentially expressed. Most differentially expressed genes (DEGs) come from several physiological and biochemical processes, such as metabolism (GRHPR, ALDH5A1, GDH), immunity (HSP70, Rab5B, Rab10, CASP7), and stress-related process (UGT, GST, HSP60, HSP90). The results indicated that acute high temperature significantly reduced the metabolic capacity of shrimp but enhanced the immune capacity, which seemed to be an emergency metabolic compensation technique to resist stress. This study contributes to ongoing research on the physiological mechanism of P. gravieri response to acute high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Shi
- Institute of Oceanology & Marine Fisheries, Jiangsu, Nantong, China; Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Runhao Hu
- Institute of Oceanology & Marine Fisheries, Jiangsu, Nantong, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Institute of Oceanology & Marine Fisheries, Jiangsu, Nantong, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Institute of Oceanology & Marine Fisheries, Jiangsu, Nantong, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Institute of Oceanology & Marine Fisheries, Jiangsu, Nantong, China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Oceanology & Marine Fisheries, Jiangsu, Nantong, China
| | - Libao Wang
- Institute of Oceanology & Marine Fisheries, Jiangsu, Nantong, China
| | - Yi Qiao
- Institute of Oceanology & Marine Fisheries, Jiangsu, Nantong, China
| | - Ge Jiang
- Institute of Oceanology & Marine Fisheries, Jiangsu, Nantong, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Institute of Oceanology & Marine Fisheries, Jiangsu, Nantong, China
| | - Xihe Wan
- Institute of Oceanology & Marine Fisheries, Jiangsu, Nantong, China.
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Fernández B, Campillo JA, Chaves-Pozo E, Bellas J, León VM, Albentosa M. Comparative role of microplastics and microalgae as vectors for chlorpyrifos bioacumulation and related physiological and immune effects in mussels. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150983. [PMID: 34678373 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MP) are contaminants of concern per se, and also by their capacity to sorb dissolved chemicals from seawater, acting as vehicles for their transfer into marine organisms. Still, the role of MP as vehicles for contaminants and their associated toxicological effects have been poorly investigated. In this work we have compared the role of MP (high density polyethylene, HDPE, ≤22 μm) and of natural organic particles (microalgae, MA) as vehicle for chlorpyrifos (CPF), one of the most common pesticides found in river and coastal waters. We have compared the capacity of MP and MA to carry CPF. Then, the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis has been exposed for 21 days to dissolved CPF, and to the same amount of CPF loaded onto MP and MA. The concentration of CPF in mussel' tissues and several physiological, energetics and immune parameters have been analyzed after 7 and 21 days of exposure. Results showed similar CPF accumulation in mussel exposed to MP and to MA spiked with CPF. This revealed that MP acted as vector for CPF in a similar way (or even to a lesser extent) than MA. After 21 days of exposure mussels exposed to MP spiked with CPF displayed similar or more pronounced biological effects than mussels exposed to dissolved CPF or to MA loaded with CPF. This suggested that the combined "particle" and "organic contaminant" effect produced an alteration on the biological responses greater than that produced by each stressor alone, although this was evident only after 3 weeks of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Fernández
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Calle Varadero, 1, 30740, San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Juan A Campillo
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Calle Varadero, 1, 30740, San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Elena Chaves-Pozo
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Carretera de la Azohía s/n, 30860, Puerto de Mazarrón, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Juan Bellas
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Subida Radio Faro, 50, 36200, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Víctor M León
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Calle Varadero, 1, 30740, San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Marina Albentosa
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Calle Varadero, 1, 30740, San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain.
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Kim JH, Lee HM, Cho YG, Shin JS, Yoo JW, Hong HK, Choi KS. Effects of spawning stress on the immune capacity of blood cockle Tegillarca granosa occurring on the south coast of Korea. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 120:15-22. [PMID: 34774731 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Spawning in marine bivalves is a great energy-demanding process, and it often results in lethal and sublethal stresses during the post-spawning period, including depressed immune capacity. The blood cockle Tegillarca granosa (Linnaeus, 1758) distributes widely in silty-mud tidal flats on the south coast of Korea, and they spawn in late summer. To understand the impacts of spawning on immune parameters, we analyzed the total hemocyte count (THC), hemocyte mortality, phagocytosis capacity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production of T. granosa in pre-, and post-spawning condition using a flow cytometer. Histology indicated that the blood cockles occurring on the south coast of Korea ripe and ready to spawn in July, and they spawned in August and September. The THC in the blood cockle hemolymph declined from pre-spawning (1.2 × 108 cell mL-1) to post-spawning (0.9 × 108 cell mL-1), possibly due to the spawning stress and the massive infiltration of hemocytes in the gonad to phagocytose and resorb the residual gametes during the post-spawning period. The hemocyte mortality increased linearly from August (4.1%) to November (9.1%), as the histology revealed that the blood cockle completed spawning, and they resorbed the relict gametes. The granulocyte phagocytosis capacity declined dramatically from July (12.7%) to September (6.0%), when the cockles were engaged in active spawning. The flow cytometry revealed that the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from the granulocytes and the erythrocytes type II increased linearly from August (0.8-0.9 × 105 A U.) to December (2.1-2.8 × 105 A U.), which may cause stresses at a cellular level during this period. As the data indicated, spawning is a stressful activity inducing depressed immunological capacities in the blood cockles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hwa Kim
- Department of Marine Life Science (BK21 FOUR) and Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Mi Lee
- Department of Marine Life Science (BK21 FOUR) and Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ghan Cho
- Department of Marine Life Science (BK21 FOUR) and Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Seop Shin
- Department of Marine Life Science (BK21 FOUR) and Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Yoo
- Korea Institute of Coastal Ecology, Inc., Bucheon, 14449, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ki Hong
- Department of Marine Life Science (BK21 FOUR) and Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwang-Sik Choi
- Department of Marine Life Science (BK21 FOUR) and Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
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Ericson JA, Ragg NLC, Rolton A. Flow cytometric validation of a commercial kit to assess the concentration and viability of bivalve hemocytes. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 119:452-455. [PMID: 34688865 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Ericson
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street East, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand
| | - Norman L C Ragg
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street East, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand
| | - Anne Rolton
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street East, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand.
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Wang L, Feng J, Wang G, Guan T, Zhu C, Li J, Wang H. Effects of cadmium on antioxidant and non-specific immunity of Macrobrachium nipponense. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 224:112651. [PMID: 34419645 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As a non-essential and toxic element, cadmium poses an important threat to aquatic organisms and human food safety. In this study, the effects of cadmium on antioxidant and non-specific immunity of Macrobrachium nipponense were studied from the physiological and biochemical indexes, histology and expression of related genes. These results showed that low concentrations (0.01, 0.02 mg/L) of cadmium have a positive effect on the non-specific immunity of M. nipponense, but high concentration (0.04 mg/L) of cadmium could inhibit or even damage the non-specific immunity of M. nipponense. The cadmium could induce oxidative stress in M. nipponense, and M. nipponense actived the antioxidant defense system to deal with oxidative stress, but high concentration (0.04 mg/L) of cadmium could inhibit the antioxidant defense system of M. nipponense, leading to oxidative damage, and may induce apoptosis in severe case. At the same time, the results of histology showed that cadmium can damage the structure of gill and hepatopancreas tissues of M. nipponense. This study provides theoretical data for evaluating the influences of heavy metal cadmium on M. nipponense and the toxic mechanism of heavy metal cadmium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Wang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Special Aquatic Organisms, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jianbin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Guiling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Tianyu Guan
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Chuankun Zhu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Special Aquatic Organisms, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Jiale Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Special Aquatic Organisms, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China.
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Chen Q, Zhang Z, Tang H, Zhou L, Ao S, Zhou Y, Zhu X, Gao X, Jiang Q, Tu C, Zhang X. Aeromonas hydrophila associated with red spot disease in Macrobrachium nipponense and host immune-related gene expression profiles. J Invertebr Pathol 2021; 182:107584. [PMID: 33811849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2021.107584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In September 2018, a serious disease causing high mortality with red spot syndrome occurred in a Macrobrachium nipponense aquaculture farm in Jintan County, Jiangsu Province, China. In this study, a pathogenic isolate 5-S3 was isolated from diseased M. nipponense and was identified as Aeromonas hydrophila by phenotypically and molecularly. The pathogenicity of the isolate 5-S3 to M. nipponense was determined by challenge experiments. Results of artificial challenge showed A. hydrophila was pathogenic to M. nipponense, the LD50 was 9.58 × 104 CFU/mL, and histopathological analysis revealed that the hepatopancreas of infected M. nipponense exhibited obvious inflammatory responses to A. hydrophila infection. The isolate showed significant phenotypical activities such as the lecithinase, esterase, caseinase and hemolysin which are indicative of their virulence potential. Besides, virulence genes such as aerA, act, fla, ahpβ, alt, lip, eprCAI, hlyA, acg and gcaT were detected in the isolate 5-S3. Subsequently, the immune-related genes expression in M. nipponense were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and the results showed that the expression levels of dorsal, relish, crustin1, crustin2, anti-lipopolysaccharide factors 1 (ALF1), anti-lipopolysaccharide factors 2 (ALF2), hemocyanin, i-lysozyme and prophenoloxidase were significantly up-regulated in hepatopancreas of M. nipponense after A. hydrophila infection, the stat, p38, crustin3, anti-lipopolysaccharide factors 3 (ALF3) genes had no significant change during the infection. The present results reveal that A. hydrophila was an etiological agent causing red spot syndrome and mass mortality of M. nipponense and the influence of A. hydrophila infection on host immune genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyun Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zirui Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Huanyu Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Liying Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shiqi Ao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yifan Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xinhai Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaojian Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qun Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chuandeng Tu
- Marine Science & Technology Institute, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Yangzhou University, 5 Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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Ahmadifar E, Kalhor N, Dawood MAO, Ahmadifar M, Moghadam MS, Abarghouei S, Hedayati A. Effects of polystyrene microparticles on inflammation, antioxidant enzyme activities, and related gene expression in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:14909-14916. [PMID: 33222065 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11731-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to the importance of Nile tilapia in the aquaculture sector, the present study aimed to evaluate the adverse impacts of the polystyrene microparticles (PS-MPs) on inflammation, immune, and antioxidative responses. For this reason, fish were exposed to waterborne PS-MPs at two sizes (9 μm and 0.35 μm) beside the control group for 28 days. Regardless of particle size, the final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio of Nile tilapia were not influenced by the PS-MPs exposure (P > 0.05). Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly increased in the group exposed to 9 μm and followed by those exposed to 0.35 μm while the lowest SOD, GPX, and MDA were in the control group. The expression of catalase (CAT) and lysozyme genes were upregulated in the group of fish exposed to 9 μm (P < 0.05). The expression of the interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) gene was upregulated in fish exposed to 9 μm and 0.35 μm when compared with the control (P < 0.05). The expression of interleukin 8 (IL8), interleukin (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) genes was upregulated in the group of fish exposed to 9 μm (P < 0.05). The hepatic mRNA levels of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) gene were significantly upregulated in the group of fish exposed to 9 μm when compared with the control (P < 0.05) without significant differences with those exposed to 0.35 μm (P > 0.05). The obtained results refer to the adverse effects of PS-MPs on the antioxidative, inflammatory, and detoxification-related genes of Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Ahmadifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.
| | - Naser Kalhor
- Department of Mesanchymal stem cell, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Qom branch, Qom, Iran
| | - Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Mehdi Ahmadifar
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Technology of ACECR, Royan Institute, Cell Science Research Center, Collage of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Shahriari Moghadam
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Safoura Abarghouei
- Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Hedayati
- Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
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Balbi T, Auguste M, Ciacci C, Canesi L. Immunological Responses of Marine Bivalves to Contaminant Exposure: Contribution of the -Omics Approach. Front Immunol 2021; 12:618726. [PMID: 33679759 PMCID: PMC7930816 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.618726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing number of data studies on the biological impact of anthropogenic chemicals in the marine environment, together with the great development of invertebrate immunology, has identified marine bivalves as a key invertebrate group for studies on immunological responses to pollutant exposure. Available data on the effects of contaminants on bivalve immunity, evaluated with different functional and molecular endpoints, underline that individual functional parameters (cellular or humoral) and the expression of selected immune-related genes can distinctly react to different chemicals depending on the conditions of exposure. Therefore, the measurement of a suite of immune biomarkers in hemocytes and hemolymph is needed for the correct evaluation of the overall impact of contaminant exposure on the organism's immunocompetence. Recent advances in -omics technologies are revealing the complexity of the molecular players in the immune response of different bivalve species. Although different -omics represent extremely powerful tools in understanding the impact of pollutants on a key physiological function such as immune defense, the -omics approach has only been utilized in this area of investigation in the last few years. In this work, available information obtained from the application of -omics to evaluate the effects of pollutants on bivalve immunity is summarized. The data shows that the overall knowledge on this subject is still quite limited and that to understand the environmental relevance of any change in immune homeostasis induced by exposure to contaminants, a combination of both functional assays and cutting-edge technology (transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) is required. In addition, the utilization of metagenomics may explain how the complex interplay between the immune system of bivalves and its associated bacterial communities can be modulated by pollutants, and how this may in turn affect homeostatic processes of the host, host–pathogen interactions, and the increased susceptibility to disease. Integrating different approaches will contribute to knowledge on the mechanism responsible for immune dysfunction induced by pollutants in ecologically and economically relevant bivalve species and further explain their sensitivity to multiple stressors, thus resulting in health or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Balbi
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Manon Auguste
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Caterina Ciacci
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DIBS), University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Laura Canesi
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Mauro M, Queiroz V, Arizza V, Campobello D, Custódio MR, Chiaramonte M, Vazzana M. Humoral responses during wound healing in Holothuria tubulosa (Gmelin, 1788). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 253:110550. [PMID: 33359143 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2020.110550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Wounds in living organisms trigger tissue-repair mechanisms. The sea cucumber (Holoturia tubulosa) is an excellent model species for achieving a better understanding of the humoral and cellular aspects involved in such healing processes. Consequently, this study assesses data on its morphometric, physiological and humoral responses 1, 2, 6, 24 and 48h after wound induction. In particular, morphometric data on the weight, width, length and coelomic-fluid volume of the species were estimated at different times during our experiments. In addition, the humoral aspects related to the enzymatic activity of esterase, alkaline phosphatase and peroxidase, as well as the cytotoxic activity of cell lysates (CL) and cell-free coelomic fluids (CfCf) are evaluated for the first time. Our results reveal a significant decrease in body length and weight, along with time-dependent, significant changes in the esterase, alkaline phosphatase, peroxidase and cytotoxic activity in both the CL and CfCf. The data obtained lead to the pioneering finding that there is an important time-dependent involvement of morphometric (changes in weight and length) and humoral (enzymatic and cytotoxic) responses in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Mauro
- Dipartimento STEBICEF, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi, 18, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vinicius Queiroz
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências and Centro de Biologia Marinha (NP-BioMar), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vincenzo Arizza
- Dipartimento STEBICEF, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi, 18, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniela Campobello
- Dipartimento STEBICEF, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi, 18, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Márcio Reis Custódio
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências and Centro de Biologia Marinha (NP-BioMar), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco Chiaramonte
- Dipartimento STEBICEF, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi, 18, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mirella Vazzana
- Dipartimento STEBICEF, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi, 18, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
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Davies CE. Invertebrate health in marine protected areas (MPAs). J Invertebr Pathol 2020; 186:107524. [PMID: 33359479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2020.107524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Marine protected areas (MPAs) consist of various categories of safeguarded areas in the marine environment, from semi-protected areas to total no take zones. The reported effects of MPAs are overwhelmingly positive, with numerous reports of fish size (biomass), abundance (recovery) and diversity increases, however, literature is lacking on the role and consequences of MPAs on parasite and disease dynamics, and in particular, invertebrate health. The implementation of MPAs has been known to alter trophic cascades and community dynamics, and with invertebrates commonly at the base of these systems, it is vital that their status is investigated. Overcrowding in areas closed to fishing is known to have parasitological consequences in some scenarios, and land/water use change has been known to alter host and vector communities, possibly elevating disease risk. Equally, reserves can be used as tools for alleviating impacts of marine disease. This review aims to consolidate extant literature and provide a comprehensive viewpoint on how invertebrates (and their health status) can be affected by MPAs, which are increasingly being implemented based on the relative urgency now being placed on protecting global biodiversity. In highlighting the paucity of knowledge surrounding MPAs and disease, especially that of the unenigmatic invertebrate groups, this review, published in the Special Issue on 'Invertebrates as One Health Sentinels', provides an opportunity for wide dissemination and provocation of further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte E Davies
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP Wales, UK.
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Ding Y, Pan L, Gao G, Huang H. In vitro and in vivo immunologic potentiation of herb extracts on shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 107:556-566. [PMID: 33161092 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In vitro and in vivo effects of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), chlorogenic acid (CGA) and berberine (BBR) on shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) were studied. In vitro test showed that the combination of APS and BBR and the combination of APS and CGA have strong immune enhancement effects and no lysosomal membrane damage on hemocyte. Then, feeding experiment was proceeded to optimize the concentrations of compound herbal extracts. Four diets containing G1-G4(0.5 g kg -1 APS + 0.5 g kg -1 BBR, 1.0 g kg -1 APS +1.0 g kg -1 BBR, 0.5 g kg -1 APS +0.5 g kg -1 CGA, 1.0 g kg -1 APS + 1.0 g kg -1 CGA) associated with the control group (common diet) were compared and determined their biomolecule damage to hepatopancreas including DNA damage, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl. The results indicated that G3 (0.5 g kg -1 APS +0.5 g kg -1 CGA) showed higher total hemocyte counts, phagocytic activities, antibacterial activities and bacteriolytic activities during 6 days feeding, and without biomolecule damages after 6 days post-withdrawal. Therefore, the appropriate immunostimulants formula in this study was the combination of 0.5 g kg -1 APS and 0.5 g kg-1 CGA, which was used for 6 days followed by 6 days post-withdrawal. Additionally, our study provides new support for screening composite immunostimulants formula by using primary shrimp hemocyte culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Luqing Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong Province, PR China.
| | - Guorui Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Hui Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong Province, PR China
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41
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Tong R, Pan S, Pan L, Zhang L. Effects of biogenic amines on the immune response and immunoregulation mechanism in hemocytes of Litopenaeus vannamei in vitro. Mol Immunol 2020; 128:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Li Y, Liu Z, Li M, Jiang Q, Wu D, Huang Y, Jiao Y, Zhang M, Zhao Y. Effects of nanoplastics on antioxidant and immune enzyme activities and related gene expression in juvenile Macrobrachium nipponense. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 398:122990. [PMID: 32516731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics are widely distributed in aquatic environments, and nanoplastic pollution has become a global concern. However, few studies have evaluated the toxicity of nanoplastics to freshwater crustaceans. In this study, by adding different concentrations of nanoplastics to water, we explored the effects of nanoplastics on the survival, antioxidant activity, immune enzyme activity, and related gene expression levels in juvenile Macrobrachium nipponense. The results showed that the 96 -h half-lethal concentration of nanoplastics to juvenile shrimp was 396.391 mg/L. As the concentration of nanoplastics increased, the activities of antioxidant enzymes generally decreased, while the contents of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation products increased. The activities of non-specific immune enzymes first increased and then decreased with increasing nanoplastic concentration. The trends in the expressions of antioxidant-related genes were generally consistent with those in the activities of antioxidant enzymes. As the nanoplastic concentration increased, the expressions of immune-related genes generally increased at first and then decreased. These results indicate that low concentrations of nanoplastics (5 mg/L) may enhance the viability of juvenile shrimp, whereas high concentrations (10,20, 40 mg/L) have inhibitory and/or toxic effects. The findings provide basic information on the toxic effects of nanoplastics in juvenile shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Li
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhiquan Liu
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Maofeng Li
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qichen Jiang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210017, China
| | - Donglei Wu
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Youhui Huang
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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Bautista-Covarrubias JC, Zamora-Ibarra PA, Apreza-Burgos E, Rodríguez-Ocampo AN, Peraza-Gómez V, López-Sánchez JA, Pacheco-Vega JM, González-Hermoso JP, Frías-Espericueta MG. Immune response and oxidative stress of shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei at different moon phases. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 106:591-595. [PMID: 32846243 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Moon phases influence the molting process of shrimp, which affect other physiological processes as immune response. This study analyzed some parameters of immune response: total hemocytes counts (THC), hemolymph clotting time and superoxide anion (O2-) production, total protein concentration, superoxide dismutase activity, and the presence of Vibrio spp. in Litopenaeus vannamei at different moon phases. The highest percentage of organisms in intermolt stage was observed in the first quarter moon phase (95%). The highest THC was observed at new moon phase, which was significantly different (p < 0.05) than that observed at the third quarter phase. Hemolymph clotting time and CFU values of Vibrio spp. showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) between different moon phases. The higher (p < 0.05) mean O2- production value (0.400 ± 0.168 nmol min-1 mL-1) was determined in hepatopancreas at new moon phase. No relationship was observed between O2- and SOD activity, indicating that this antioxidant response was enough to counteract the influence of oxidative stress in L. vannamei at different moon phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Bautista-Covarrubias
- Laboratorio de Indicadores Biológicos de Estrés Ambiental, Unidad Académica Escuela Nacional de Ingeniería Pesquera, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Bahía de Matanchén, San Blas Nayarit, C.P. 63740, Mexico.
| | - Patricia Anely Zamora-Ibarra
- Unidad Académica de Agricultura, Licenciatura en Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Km. 9 Carretera Tepic - Compostela, Xalisco, Nayarit, C.P. 63780, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Apreza-Burgos
- Unidad Académica de Agricultura, Licenciatura en Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Km. 9 Carretera Tepic - Compostela, Xalisco, Nayarit, C.P. 63780, Mexico
| | | | - Viridiana Peraza-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Indicadores Biológicos de Estrés Ambiental, Unidad Académica Escuela Nacional de Ingeniería Pesquera, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Bahía de Matanchén, San Blas Nayarit, C.P. 63740, Mexico
| | - José Armando López-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Indicadores Biológicos de Estrés Ambiental, Unidad Académica Escuela Nacional de Ingeniería Pesquera, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Bahía de Matanchén, San Blas Nayarit, C.P. 63740, Mexico
| | - Juan Manuel Pacheco-Vega
- Laboratorio de Indicadores Biológicos de Estrés Ambiental, Unidad Académica Escuela Nacional de Ingeniería Pesquera, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Bahía de Matanchén, San Blas Nayarit, C.P. 63740, Mexico
| | - Juan Pablo González-Hermoso
- Laboratorio de Indicadores Biológicos de Estrés Ambiental, Unidad Académica Escuela Nacional de Ingeniería Pesquera, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Bahía de Matanchén, San Blas Nayarit, C.P. 63740, Mexico
| | - Martín Gabriel Frías-Espericueta
- Laboratorio de Estudios Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Paseo Claussen s/n, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, C.P. 82000, Mexico
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Sharifinia M, Bahmanbeigloo ZA, Keshavarzifard M, Khanjani MH, Lyons BP. Microplastic pollution as a grand challenge in marine research: A closer look at their adverse impacts on the immune and reproductive systems. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 204:111109. [PMID: 32798751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) pollution of the marine environment is now a growing global concern posing a threat to a variety of species through the ingestion and transfer within food webs. This is considered a potential toxicological threat to marine species due to the chemical additives used to make many plastic products, or the persistent organic pollutants that may accumulate on them while residing in the environment. While the presence of MPs in the marine environment is widely documented, there are no other review articles providing a summary of published effect studies of MPs on the immune and reproductive systems of marine species. This manuscript reviews reproductive and immune-system changes in response to MPs in 7 and 9 species, respectively. Some species such as Mytilus galloprovincialis and oyster Crassostrea gigas were investigated in multiple papers. Most studies have been conducted on invertebrates, and only 3 studies have been performed on vertebrates, with exposure times ranging between 30 min and 60 days. A review of the literature revealed that the most common MPs types studied in relation to adverse impacts on immune system and reproductive success in marine species were polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene (PE). The immune system's responses to MPs exposure varied depending on the species, with altered organismal defense mechanisms and neutrophil function observed in fish and changes in lysosomal membrane stability and apoptotic-like nuclear alterations in phagocytes reported in invertebrate species. Reproductive responses to MPs exposure, varied depending on species, but included significant reduction in gamete and oocyte quality, fecundity, sperm swimming speed, and quality of offspring. The lack of published data means that developing a clear understanding of the impact across taxonomic groups with different feeding and behavioral traits is often difficult. Further work is required to better understand the risk MPs pose to the immune and reproductive systems of marine species in order to fully evaluate the impact these ubiquitous pollutants are having on marine ecosystems and the associated goods and services they provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moslem Sharifinia
- Shrimp Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bushehr, Iran.
| | | | - Mehrzad Keshavarzifard
- Shrimp Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hossein Khanjani
- Department of Fisheries Science and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Kerman, Iran
| | - Brett P Lyons
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
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45
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Coates CJ, Söderhäll K. The stress–immunity axis in shellfish. J Invertebr Pathol 2020; 186:107492. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2020.107492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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46
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Tong R, Chen W, Pan L, Zhang K. Effects of feeding level and C/N ratio on water quality, growth performance, immune and antioxidant status of Litopenaeus vannamei in zero -water exchange bioflocs-based outdoor soil culture ponds. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 101:126-134. [PMID: 32224282 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two trials were conducted as follows: the first trial was a 90-day experiment to determine the effects of reducing feeding level on shrimp status; the second trial (90 days) is based on the first trial to explore the suitable C/N ratio of biological flocs for shrimp culture in outdoor soil ponds. Results showed that the BFV levels increased gradually and then tended to be stable in the treatment groups. Concentrations of TAN and NO2-N were maintained low level in each treatment pond during experimental period. The final body weight, biology body length and yield of the shrimp in each trial with no significantly different (P > 0.05) while food coefficient and THC of the shrimp in 70% feeding level and C/N12 treatment were slightly lower than in the 100% feeding level and C/N16 treatment respectively (p < 0.05). The antibacterial activity and bacteriolytic activity in C/N16 treatment group were higher than in C/N12 (p < 0.05), while there were no significant difference between the two feeding levels (70%,100%) (P > 0.05). The shrimp in 70% feeding level and C/N12 treatment had the higher T-AOC in both the plasma and the hepatopancreas when compared with 100% feeding level and C/N16 treatment group (p < 0.05). The SOD activity of plasma in 70% treatment group was higher than in 100% (p < 0.05), while it was no significant difference between the two C/N ratios (12,16) in both the plasma and the hepatopancreas (P > 0.05). The effects of two feeding levels and C/N ratios on the GSH level and the ratio of GSH/GSSG in the plasma and the hepatopancreas of shrimp showed no significant difference (P > 0.05). The results showed that 70% feeding level and C/N12 ratio could provide adequate nutrition for shrimp to maintain a normal physical health status with the presence of bioflocs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Tong
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Luqing Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China.
| | - Kaiquan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
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Hong HK, Choi KS. Temporal changes in hemocyte functions of the oyster Saccostrea kegaki (Torigoe & Inaba, 1981) on Jeju Island off the south coast of Korea are closely associated with annual gametogenesis. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 152:110780. [PMID: 32479269 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hemocyte parameters have been used as a proxy to characterize the health condition of marine bivalves, as the effects of external and internal stresses are reflected well in these parameters. Marine bivalve hemocyte functions are often depressed during the post-spawning period due to physiological stress and energy depletion. In this study, we analyzed temporal changes in hemocyte parameters of the oyster Saccostrea kegaki on Jeju Island, off the south coast of Korea, using flow cytometry. Total hemocyte count (THC), hemocyte types, hemocyte mortality, and phagocytosis capacity were analyzed. S. kegaki spawned during June and August, when the sea surface temperature increased from 18 to 23 °C. Most of the oysters were in the spent and resting phases from September to January. THC dropped dramatically from September to October, when most oysters completed spawning. Histology revealed that the residual eggs or sperm were actively resorbed through phagocytosis by hemocytes during the spent stage. Hemocyte mortality also showed its annual peak in October, possibly due to increased resorbing activities. The phagocytosis capacities of the granulocytes decreased dramatically from September to February. The level of energy reserves (glycogen) in post-spawning tissues was significantly lower than that prior to spawning. The low energy level reserve during the post-spawning period likely reduced the THC and immune capacities, as oysters may have been unable to acquire sufficient food from the ambient environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ki Hong
- School of Marine Biomedical Science (BK21 PLUS), Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Sik Choi
- School of Marine Biomedical Science (BK21 PLUS), Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63333, Republic of Korea.
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48
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Sun JL, Zhao LL, Liao L, Tang XH, Cui C, Liu Q, He K, Ma JD, Jin L, Yan T, Zhou J, Yang S. Interactive effect of thermal and hypoxia on largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) gill and liver: Aggravation of oxidative stress, inhibition of immunity and promotion of cell apoptosis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 98:923-936. [PMID: 31770642 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High temperatures and low oxygen in aquatic environments, such as intensive aquaculture or in natural watersheds, inevitably cause stress in fish. Fish are exposed to high temperatures during the summer, which exacerbates hypoxia. Hypoxia (1.2 ± 0.2 mg/L) under 20 °C (20 HG) and 26 °C (26 HG) was simulated to induce stress in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Related enzymes and genes involved in antioxidant, immune, and apoptotic responses were selected to explore the interactive effects of temperature and hypoxia on largemouth bass. The results showed that malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in plasma, gill, and liver increased in the 26 HG (p < 0.05). Liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased in the 26 HG. Peak SOD (SOD1, SOD2, SOD3a, and SOD3b), CAT, and GSH-Px mRNA levels in the gill and liver were observed at 12-24 h of stress. The levels of gill and liver total antioxidant capacity, catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and other enzyme activities and genes in the 26 HG were higher than those in the 20 HG (p < 0.05). The gill and liver acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activities increased with time in the 26 HG (p < 0.05), while gill and liver lysozyme activities in the 26 HG were lower than those in the 20 HG (p < 0.05). Tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA level was upregulated in the gill and downregulated in the liver at 24 h in the 26 HG. Interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-8 mRNA levels were upregulated in the gill and liver in the 26 HG at 24 h, whereas IL-15 mRNA level was downregulated in the 26 HG at 12 h. Transforming growth factor-β1 mRNA level was upregulated in the gill in the 20 HG at 24 h, but downregulated in gill and liver in the 26 HG at 24 h. Similarly, IL-10, Hepcidin-1, and Hepcidin-2 showed lower expression levels in the 26 HG. Gill and liver caspase-3 activities were higher in the 26 HG (p < 0.05), and gill caspase-3 activity was higher than that in the liver. The mRNA levels of proapoptotic genes (caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9) were higher in the 26 HG. The present study demonstrates the interactive effects of temperature and hypoxia on stress in largemouth bass gill and liver. These results will be helpful to understand the mechanisms of stress induced by temperature and hypoxia in fish and provide a theoretical basis for aquaculture management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Long Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Liu-Lan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Lei Liao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Xiao-Hong Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Can Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Qiao Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Kuo He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Ji-Deng Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Long Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Tao Yan
- Fisheries Institute of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, China.
| | - Jian Zhou
- Fisheries Institute of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, China.
| | - Song Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
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49
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Meng X, Li F, Wang X, Liu J, Ji C, Wu H. Toxicological effects of graphene on mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis hemocytes after individual and combined exposure with triphenyl phosphate. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 151:110838. [PMID: 32056628 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Graphene nanoparticles are increasingly released into the aquatic environment with the growth of production. However, there are rare investigations focusing on the interaction of nanoparticles with other contaminants. Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is a frequently detected organophosphate flame retardant in the environment. This study aimed to assess the joint effects of graphene and TPP on Mytilus galloprovincialis hemocytes. Oxidative stress could be induced by graphene and TPP in mussel hemocytes, which could further cause apoptosis, DNA damage and decrease in the lysosomal membrane stability (LMS). Moreover, hemocytes could internalize graphene, thereby resulting in oxidative stress. The oxidative stress and DNA damage in hemocytes were increased in the graphene-exposed group, but significantly reduced after combined exposure of graphene and TPP. The up-regulated genes, including NF-κB, Bcl-2 and Ras, were mainly associated with reduced apoptosis and DNA damage after co-exposure to graphene and TPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjing Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Fei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jialin Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Chenglong Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Huifeng Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
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50
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Mir AH, Qamar A, Qadir I, Naqvi AH, Begum R. Accumulation and trafficking of zinc oxide nanoparticles in an invertebrate model, Bombyx mori, with insights on their effects on immuno-competent cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1617. [PMID: 32005898 PMCID: PMC6994675 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58526-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are used in many applications; however, their interactions with cells, immune cells in particular, and potential health risk(s) are not fully known. In this manuscript, we have demonstrated the potential of ZnO NPs to cross the gut barrier in an invertebrate model, Bombyx mori, and that they can reach the hemolymph where they interact with and/or are taken up by immune-competent cells resulting in various toxic responses like decline in hemocyte viability, ROS generation, morphological alterations, apoptotic cell death, etc. Exposure to these NPs also resulted in alteration of hemocyte dynamics including an immediate increase in THC, possibly due to the release of these hemocytes either from enhanced rate of cell divisions or from attached hemocyte populations, and decline in percentage of prohemocytes and increase in percentage of two professional phagocytes, i.e., granulocytes and plasmatocytes, possibly due to the differentiation of prohemocytes into phagocytes in response to a perceived immune challenge posed by these NPs. Taken together, our data suggest that ZnO NPs have the potential to cross gut barrier and cause various toxic effects that could reverse and the insects could return to normal physiological states as there is restoration and repair of various systems and their affected pathways following the clearance of these NPs from the insect body. Our study also indicates that B. mori has the potential to serve as an effective alternate animal model for biosafety, environmental monitoring and screening of NPs, particularly to evaluate their interactions with invertebrate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashiq Hussain Mir
- Section of Entomology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India. .,Department of Zoology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India.
| | - Ayesha Qamar
- Section of Entomology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ishana Qadir
- Section of Entomology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alim H Naqvi
- Interdisciplinary Nanotechnology Centre, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rizwana Begum
- Section of Entomology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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