1
|
Qu SY, Liu YH, Liu JT, Li PF, Liu TQ, Wang GX, Yu Q, Ling F. Catechol compounds as dual-targeting agents for fish protection against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis infections. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 151:109717. [PMID: 38914179 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing sectors in global food production, recognized as a significant contributor to poverty alleviation, food security, and income generation. However, the frequent occurrence of diseases caused by pathogen infections result in reduced yields and economic losses, posing a substantial constraint to the sustainable development of aquaculture. Here, our study identified that four catechol compounds, quercetin, luteolin, caffeic acid, and chlorogenic acid, exhibited potent antiparasitic effects against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in both, in vitro and in vivo. The parasite is recognized as one of the most pathogenic to fish worldwide. Using a combination of in silico methods, the dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) was identified as a critical target for catechol compounds. The two hydroxyl radicals of the catechol group were essential for its binding to and interacting with the DPP protein. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses indicated that catechol compounds disrupt pathways associated with the metabolism and growth of I. multifiliis, thereby exerting antiparasitic effects. Furthermore, these compounds attenuated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in vivo in fish and promoted macrophage polarization toward M2 phenotype by inhibiting the STAT1 signaling pathway. The dual activity of catechol compounds, acting as both direct antiparasitic and anti-inflammatory agents in fish, offers a promising therapeutic approach for combating I. multifiliis infections in aquaculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Ye Qu
- Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Engineering Research Center of the Innovation and Development of Green Fishery Drugs, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yi-Hang Liu
- Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Engineering Research Center of the Innovation and Development of Green Fishery Drugs, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jie-Tao Liu
- Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Engineering Research Center of the Innovation and Development of Green Fishery Drugs, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Peng-Fei Li
- Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Tian-Qiang Liu
- Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Engineering Research Center of the Innovation and Development of Green Fishery Drugs, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Gao-Xue Wang
- Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Engineering Research Center of the Innovation and Development of Green Fishery Drugs, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qing Yu
- Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, 530000, China.
| | - Fei Ling
- Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Engineering Research Center of the Innovation and Development of Green Fishery Drugs, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dong Y, Wang N, Zhou H, Wang X, Zhang A, Yang K. Fish arginase constrains excessive production of nitric oxide and limits mitochondrial damage during Aeromonas hydrophila infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 149:109571. [PMID: 38636736 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Bacteria-enhanced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) overproduces nitric oxide (NO) leading to mitochondrial and cellular damage. In mammals, arginase (ARG), the enzyme consuming the same substrate l-arginine with iNOS, was believed to inhibit iNOS activity by competing the substrate. But in fish, this conception has been widely challenged. In this study, the gene expression using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) technology showed that when stimulated by Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila), grass carp (gc) iNOS was up-regulated in head kidney monocytes/macrophages (M0/MФ), and its changes were not detected in the whole tissue of liver or spleen, showing a high degree of cell-specific expression pattern. At the same time, gcARG2 had a high basal expression in tissues and was up-regulated by A. hydrophila stimulation. Next, phthalaldehyde-primaquine reaction was first used in the determination of intracellular urea in fish cells. It was found that the induced gcARG2 led to an increase in the intracellular urea content. Moreover, urea and NO production in M0/MФ were increased in a substrate dose-dependent manner from 30 to 100 μM of l-arginine and reached the highest yield at 300 and 3000 μM of l-arginine, respectively. Furthermore, head kidney M0/MФ was cultured in RPMI1640 medium containing physiological concentration (500 μM) of l-arginine to evaluate the effect of ARG. Under A. hydrophila stimulation, treatment with the arginase inhibitor S-(2-boronoethyl)-l-cysteine (BEC) showed that inhibition of arginase could further enhance the NO production stimulated by A. hydrophila. This in turn led to a cumulation in peroxynitrite (ONOO-) content and an injury of the mitochondrial membrane potential. Our study showed for the first time that fish ARG in head kidney M0/MФ can limit excessive production of NO and harmful products by iNOS to maintain mitochondrial and cellular homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingfu Dong
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Anying Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yu R, Zhang W, Yu P, Zhou J, Su J, Yuan G. IFN-γ enhances protective efficacy against Nocardia seriolae infection in largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides). Front Immunol 2024; 15:1361231. [PMID: 38545095 PMCID: PMC10965728 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1361231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nocardia seriolae adversely impacts a diverse range of fish species, exhibiting significant pathogenic characteristics that substantially impede the progress of aquaculture. N. seriolae infects in fish has a long incubation period, and clinical symptoms are not obvious in the early stages. There is presently no viable and eco-friendly approach to combat the spread of the disease. According to reports, N. seriolae primarily targets macrophages in tissues after infecting fish and can proliferate massively, leading to the death of fish. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is a crucial molecule that regulates macrophage activation, but little is known about its role in the N. seriolae prevention. Methods IFN-γ was first defined as largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides, MsIFN-γ), which has a highly conserved IFN-γ characteristic sequence through homology analysis. The recombinant proteins (rMsIFN-γ) were obtained in Escherichia coli (E. coli) strain BL21 (DE3). The inflammatory response-inducing ability of rMsIFN-γ was assessed in vitro using monocytes/macrophages. Meanwhile, the protective effect of MsIFN-γ in vivo was evaluated by N. seriolae infection largemouth bass model. Results In the inflammatory response of the monocytes/macrophages activated by rMsIFN-γ, various cytokines were significantly increased. Interestingly, interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) increased by 183- and 12-fold, respectively, after rMsIFN-γ stimulation. rMsIFN-γ improved survival by 42.1% compared with the control. The bacterial load in the liver, spleen and head kidney significantly decreased. rMsIFN-γ was also shown to better induce increased expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, hepcidin-1(Hep-1), major histocompatibility complex I (MHCI), and MHC II in head kidney, spleen and liver. The histopathological examination demonstrated the transformation of granuloma status from an early necrotic foci to fibrosis in the infection period. Unexpectedly, the development of granulomas was successfully slowed in the rMsIFN-γ group. Discussion This work paves the way for further research into IFN-γ of largemouth bass and identifies a potential therapeutic target for the prevention of N. seriolae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruying Yu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Weixiang Zhang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Penghui Yu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiancheng Zhou
- Jiangsu DABEINONG Group (DBN) Aquaculture Technology Co. LTD, Huai’an, China
| | - Jianguo Su
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gailing Yuan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sun H, Wang D, Ren J, Liu J, Wang Z, Wang X, Zhang A, Yang K, Yang M, Zhou H. Vitamin D ameliorates Aeromonas hydrophila-induced iron-dependent oxidative damage of grass carp splenic macrophages by manipulating Nrf2-mediated antioxidant pathway. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 142:109145. [PMID: 37805110 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila) is one of major pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture and potentially virulent to grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). As an essential nutrient for fish, vitamin D3 (VD3) has been reported to play a role against oxidative stress, but the exact mechanism remains to be elusive. In this study, we found that A. hydrophila induced ferrugination and macrophage aggregation in the spleen of grass carp. Along this line, using the splenic macrophages as the model, the effects of VD3 on A. hydrophila-caused iron deposition and subsequent injuries were determined. In the context, 1,25D3 (the active form of VD3) significantly reduced cellular free Fe2+, lipid peroxidation and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) release induced by A. hydrophila in the splenic macrophages, indicating the protective effects of VD3 on A. hydrophila-led to ferroptosis-related injuries. In support of this notion, 1,25D3 was effective in hindering ferroptosis inducers-stimulated LDH release in the same cells. Mechanically, 1,25D3 enhanced iron export protein (ferroportin1) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) protein levels, and glutathione (GSH) contents via vitamin D receptor (VDR). Moreover, NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway mediated the regulation of 1,25D3 on GPX4 protein expression and GSH synthesis. Meanwhile, 1,25D3 maintained the stability of Nrf2 proteins possibly by attenuating its ubiquitination degradation. Furthermore, in vivo experiments showed that 1,25D3 injection could not only improve the survival of fish infected by A. hydrophila, but also enhance GSH amounts and decrease malonaldehyde (MDA) contents and iron deposition in the spleen. In summary, our data for the first time suggest that VD3 is a potential antioxidant in fish to fight against A. hydrophila induced-ferroptotic damages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingqi Ren
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxi Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Anying Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mu Yang
- Centre for Translational Research in Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yin B, Liu H, Tan B, Deng J, Xie S. The effects of sodium butyrate (NaB) combination with soy saponin dietary supplementation on the growth parameters, intestinal performance and immune-related genes expression of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × E. lanceolatus♂). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 141:109033. [PMID: 37640123 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Soy saponins are generally known to have negative effects on growth and the intestines of aquatic animals, and appropriate levels of sodium butyrate (NaB) may provide some mitigating effects. We investigated the effects of low and high levels of soy saponin and the protective effects of NaB (based on high level of soy saponin) on growth, serum cytokines, distal intestinal histopathology, and inflammation in hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂). The experiment included four groups: fishmeal group (FM, 0.00% saponin and 0.00% NaB), low saponin group (SL, 0.30% saponin and 0.00% NaB), high saponin group (SH, 1.50% saponin and 0.00% NaB) and high saponin with NaB group (SH-NaB, 1.50% saponin and 0.13% NaB). The results showed compared to FM, the final body weight (FBW) and weight gain (WG) were significantly higher and lower in SL and SH, respectively (P < 0.05). Compared to SH, the FBW and WG were significant higher in SH-NaB (P < 0.05). In the serum, compared to FM, the interferon γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels in SH were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Compared to SH, the IFN-γ level was significantly decreased in SH-NaB (P < 0.05). In the distal intestine, based on Alcian Blue-Periodic Acid-Schiff (AB-PAS) observation, the goblet cell/μm was significantly increased and decreased in the SL and SH, respectively, compared to FM. The intestinal diameter/plica height ratio in the SH was significantly higher than those in the FM, SL and SH-NaB (P < 0.05). The NO and ONOO- levels in the SH were significantly higher than that in FM and SL (P < 0.05). At the transcriptional level in the distal intestine, compared to FM, the mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor (tnfα), il1β, interleukin-8 (il8) and ifnγ were significantly up-regulated in the SH (P < 0.05). Compared to the SH, tnfα, il8 and ifnγ were significantly down-regulated in the SH-NaB (P < 0.05). Compared to the FM, the mRNA levels of claudin3, claudin15, zo2 and zo3 were significantly up-regulated in the SL (P < 0.05). The mRNA levels of occludin, claudin3, claudin12, claudin15, zo1, zo2 and zo3 were significantly down-regulated in the SH compared to the FM (P < 0.05). Additionally, compared to the SH, the mRNA levels of occludin, claudin3, claudin12, claudin15, zo1, zo2 and zo3 were significantly up-regulated in the SH-NaB (P < 0.05). After the 7-day Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge test, the survival was significantly higher and lower in the SL and SH, respectively, compared to FM (P < 0.05). Overall, low and high levels of soy saponins had positive and negative effects on growth, disease resistance, serum cytokines, and distal intestinal development and anti-inflammation, respectively, in hybrid grouper. NaB effectively increased disease resistance and improved distal intestinal inflammation in hybrid grouper, but the effects of NaB were mainly observed in improving distal intestinal tight junctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yin
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524025, PR China; Healthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Tongwei Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Chengdu, 610093, PR China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524025, PR China.
| | - Beiping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524025, PR China
| | - Junming Deng
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524025, PR China
| | - Shiwei Xie
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524025, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pang AN, Chen SN, Gan Z, Li L, Li N, Wang S, Sun Z, Liu LH, Sun YL, Song XJ, Liu Y, Wang S, Nie P. Identification of type II interferons and receptors in an osteoglossiform fish, the arapaima Arapaima gigas. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 139:104589. [PMID: 36403789 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, type II interferon (IFN; i.e. IFN-γ) signalling transduces through its specific receptors IFN-γR1 and IFN-γR2. In an osteoglossiform fish, the arapaima Arapaima gigas, three type II IFNs, IFN-γ-like, IFN-γ and IFN-γrel, and their four possible receptor subunits IFN-γR1-1, IFN-γR1-2, IFN-γR2-1 and IFN-γR2-2 were identified in this study. The three type II IFN genes are composed of four exons and three introns, and they all contain IFN-γ signature motif and signal peptide, with the presence of potential nuclear localization signal (NLS) in IFN-γ-like and IFN-γ. The IFN-γR1-1, IFN-γR1-2, IFN-γR2-1 and IFN-γR2-2 are composed of seven exons and six introns, with predicted IFN-γR1-1 and IFN-γR1-2 proteins containing JAK1 and STAT1 binding sites, and IFN-γR2-1 and IFN-γR2-2 containing JAK2 binding sites. Gene synteny analysis showed that the type II IFN and their receptor loci are duplicated in arapaima. All these genes were expressed constitutively in all organs/tissues examined, and responded to the stimulation of polyI:C. The prokaryotic recombinant IFN-γ-like, IFN-γ and IFN-γrel proteins can significantly induce the upregulation of immune-related genes in trunk kidney leucocytes. The ligand-receptor relationship analyses revealed that recombinant IFN-γ-like, IFN-γ, and IFN-γrel transduce downstream signalling through IFN-γR1-1/IFN-γR2-1, IFN-γR1-2/IFN-γR2-2, and IFN-γR1-1, respectively, in xenogeneic cells with the overexpression of original or chimeric receptors. In addition, tyrosine (Y) 366 and Y377 in the intracellular region may be essential for the function of IFN-γR1-2 and IFN-γR1-1, respectively. The finding of type II IFN system in A. gigas thus provides different knowledge in understanding the diversity and evolution of type II IFN ligand-receptor relationships in vertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- An Ning Pang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China
| | - Shan Nan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China
| | - Zhen Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China
| | - Zheng Sun
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China
| | - Lan Hao Liu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China
| | - Yan Ling Sun
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China
| | - Xiao Jun Song
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China
| | - Su Wang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China
| | - P Nie
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhu X, Wang J, Jia Z, Feng J, Wang B, Wang Z, Liu Q, Wu K, Huang W, Zhao X, Dang H, Zou J. Novel Dimeric Architecture of an IFN-γ-Related Cytokine Provides Insights into Subfunctionalization of Type II IFNs in Teleost Fish. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:2203-2214. [PMID: 36426983 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Gene duplication leads to subfunctionalization of paralogs. In mammals, IFN-γ is the sole member of the type II IFN family and binds to a receptor complex consisting of IFN-γR1 and IFN-γR2. In teleost fish, IFN-γ and its receptors have been duplicated due to the teleost-specific whole-genome duplication event. In this study, the functions of an IFN-γ-related (IFN-γrel) cytokine were found to be partially retained relative to IFN-γ in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella [CiIFN-γrel]). CiIFN-γrel upregulated the expression of proinflammatory genes but had lost the ability to activate genes involved in Th1 response. The results suggest that CiIFN-γrel could have been subfunctionalized from CiIFN-γ. Moreover, CiIFN-γrel induced STAT1 phosphorylation via interaction with duplicated homologs of IFN-γR1 (cytokine receptor family B [CRFB] 17 and CRFB13). Strikingly, CiIFN-γrel did not bind to the IFN-γR2 homolog (CRFB6). To gain insight into the subfunctionalization, the crystal structure of CiIFN-γrel was solved at 2.26 Å, revealing that it forms a homodimer that is connected by two pairs of disulfide bonds. Due to the spatial positions of helix A, loop AB, and helix B, CiIFN-γrel displays a unique topology that requires elements from two identical monomers to form a unit that is similar to IFN-γ. Further, mutagenesis analyses identified key residues interacting with CiIFN-γrel receptors and those required for the biological functions. Our study can help understand the subfunctionalization of duplicated IFN-γ paralogs in fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Feng
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bangjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaizheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenji Huang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huifeng Dang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zou
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China; and.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xu D, Li Q, Zhou Y, Shen Y, Lai W, Hao T, Ding Y, Mai K, Ai Q. Functional analysis and regulation mechanism of interferon gamma in macrophages of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 194:153-162. [PMID: 34863827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) is a widely expressed cytokine that has potent antiviral and immunomodulatory effects. The expression and bioactivity of IFN-γ have been reported in several fish species. However, the molecular mechanism mediated by IFN-γ in fish macrophages has not been completely elucidated. This study used the macrophage cell line to investigate the functional activities and regulation mechanism of large yellow croaker IFN-γ (LcIFN-γ). Herein, the mRNA expression of Lcifn-γ was significantly upregulated in macrophages after LPS and poly(I:C) treatment. Recombinant LcIFN-γ protein (rLcIFN-γ) significantly enhanced the phagocytic ability and respiratory burst activity of macrophages. Meanwhile, rLcIFN-γ induced M1 phenotype polarization of macrophages with the upregulated expressions of pro-inflammatory gene. Moreover, rLcIFN-γ upregulated the IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) expression and activated JAK (Janus tyrosine kinases)-STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) signaling pathway by causing the phosphorylation of JAK1 and STAT1Tyr701. Furthermore, the promoter activity of IFN-regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) was significantly upregulated by the phosphorylated transcription factor STAT1 through binding to its promoter region. In addition to the classical JAK-STAT pathway, rLcIFN-γ also activated multiple distinct signaling cascades such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and protein kinase B (AKT) pathways. Overall, this study indicated the powerful effects of LcIFN-γ on macrophage activation of large yellow croaker and its molecular mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qingfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yanan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wencong Lai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Tingting Hao
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Qiu X, Sun H, Wang D, Ren J, Wang X, Zhang A, Yang K, Zhou H. Stimulus-Specific Expression, Selective Generation and Novel Function of Grass Carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella) IL-12 Isoforms: New Insights Into the Heterodimeric Cytokines in Teleosts. Front Immunol 2021; 12:734535. [PMID: 34603315 PMCID: PMC8481787 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.734535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a heterodimeric cytokine composed of a p35 subunit specific to IL-12 and a p40 subunit shared with IL-23. In this study, we unveiled the existence of two p35 paralogues in grass carp (named gcp35a and gcp35b). Notably, gcp35a and gcp35b displayed distinct inducible expression patterns, as poly I:C merely induced the gene expression of gcp35a but not gcp35b, while recombinant grass carp interferon-gamma (rgcIfn-γ) only enhanced the transcription of gcp35b but not gcp35a. Moreover, the signaling mechanisms responsible for the inducible expression of gcp35a and gcp35b mRNA were elucidated. Because of the existence of three grass carp p40 genes (gcp40a, gcp40b and gcp40c) and two p35 paralogues, six gcIl-12 isoforms were predicted by 3D modeling. Results showed that gcp40a and gcp40b but not gcp40c had the potential for forming heterodimers with both gcp35 paralogues via the disulfide bonds. Non-reducing electrophoresis experiments further disclosed that only gcp40b but not gcp40a or gcp40c could form heterodimers with gcp35 to produce secretory heterodimeric gcp35a/gcp40b (gcIl-12AB) and gcp35b/gcp40b (gcIl-12BB), which prompted us to prepare their recombinant proteins. These two recombinant proteins exhibited their extensive regulation on Ifn-γ production in various immune cells. Intriguingly, both gcIl-12 isoforms significantly enhanced the transcription of il-17a/f1 and il-22 in lymphocytes, and their regulation on il-17a/f1 expression was mediated by Stat3/Rorγt signaling, supporting the potential of gcIl-12 isoforms for inducing Th17-like responses. Additionally, stimulatory effects of gcIl-12 isoforms on il-17a/f1 and ifn-γ expression were attenuated by gcTgf-β1 via suppressing the activation of Stat3 signaling, implying that their signaling could be manipulated. In brief, our works provide new insights into the inducible expression pattern, heterodimeric generation and functional novelty of Il-12 isoforms in teleosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingyang Qiu
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingqi Ren
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Anying Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yin L, Lv M, Qiu X, Wang X, Zhang A, Yang K, Zhou H. IFN-γ Manipulates NOD1-Mediated Interaction of Autophagy and Edwardsiella piscicida to Augment Intracellular Clearance in Fish. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:1087-1098. [PMID: 34341174 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Edwardsiella piscicida is an intracellular pathogenic bacterium accounting for significant losses in farmed fish. Currently, cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying E. piscicida-host cross-talk remain obscure. In this study, we revealed that E. piscicida could increase microtubule-associated protein L chain 3 (LC3) puncta in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) monocytes/macrophages and a carp cell line, Epithelioma papulosum cyprini The autophagic response was confirmed by detecting the colocalization of E. piscicida with LC3-positive autophagosomes and LysoTracker-probed lysosomes in the cells. Moreover, we unveiled the autophagic machinery targeting E. piscicida by which the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain receptor 1 (NOD1) functioned as an intracellular sensor to interact and recruit autophagy-related gene (ATG) 16L1 to the bacteria. Meanwhile, E. piscicida decreased the mRNA and protein levels of NOD1 and ATG16L1 in an estrogen-related receptor-α-dependent manner, suggesting a possible mechanism for this bacterium escaping autophagy. Subsequently, we examined the effects of various E. piscicida virulence factors on NOD1 expression and found that two of them, EVPC and ESCB, could reduce NOD1 protein expression via ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation. Furthermore, an intrinsic regulator IFN-γ was found to enhance the colocalization of E. piscicida with NOD1 or autophagosomes, suggesting its involvement in the interaction between autophagy and E. piscicida Along this line, a short-time treatment of IFN-γ caused intracellular E. piscicida clearance through an autophagy-dependent mechanism. Collectively, our works demonstrated NOD1-mediated autophagy-E. piscicida dialogues and uncovered the molecular mechanism involving autophagy against intracellular bacteria in fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Licheng Yin
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyuan Lv
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyang Qiu
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Anying Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hassan Z, Wang J, Qin Y, Wang W, Liu Q, Lei L, Sun Z, Yang Y, Wu K, Zhu X, Wang Z, Feng H, Zou J. Functional characterization of an interleukin 20 like homologue in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 115:43-57. [PMID: 33992768 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
IL-20 is a pleiotropic cytokine that belongs to the IL-10 family and plays an important biological role in tissue homeostasis and regulation of host immune defenses. IL-20 homologues have recently been discovered in fish, but their functions have not been studied. In this study, an IL-20 like (IL-20L) cytokine was cloned in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and its bioactivities were investigated. Expression analysis showed that the CiIL-20L gene was constitutively expressed in tissues with the highest expression detected in the head kidney. It was upregulated in the head kidney after infection with Flavobactrium columnare (F. cloumnare) and grass carp reovirus II (GCRV II). The recombinant CiIL-20L produced in E. coli cells was shown to be effective in inducing the expression of Th cytokine genes (IFN-γ, IL-4/13A, IL-4/13B and IL-10), macrophage marker genes (arginase 2, IRF4, KLF4 and SOCS3) and inflammatory genes (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNFα) in the head kidney leukocytes when stimulated at 12 h. Long term culture (6 days) of head kidney macrophages in the presence of CiIL-20L leads to high expression of IRF4, TGFβ1 and arginase 2. Our data suggest that IL-20 may play regulatory roles in promoting Th responses, macrophage differentiation and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Hassan
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Department of Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Egypt
| | - Junya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Qin
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lina Lei
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaosheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yibin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaizheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaozhen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jun Zou
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ramos-Pinto L, Azeredo R, Silva C, Conceição LEC, Dias J, Montero D, Torrecillas S, Silva TS, Costas B. Short-Term Supplementation of Dietary Arginine and Citrulline Modulates Gilthead Seabream ( Sparus aurata) Immune Status. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1544. [PMID: 32849522 PMCID: PMC7419597 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Several amino acids (AA) are known to regulate key metabolic pathways that are crucial for immune responses. In particular, arginine (ARG) appears to have important roles regarding immune modulation since it is required for macrophage responses and lymphocyte development. Moreover, citrulline (CIT) is a precursor of arginine, and it was reported as an alternative to ARG for improving macrophage function in mammals. The present study aimed to explore the effects of dietary ARG and CIT supplementation on the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) immune status. Triplicate groups of fish (23.1 ± 0.4 g) were either fed a control diet (CTRL) with a balanced AA profile, or the CTRL diet supplemented with graded levels of ARG or CIT (i.e., 0.5 and 1% of feed; ARG1, CIT1, ARG2, and CIT2, respectively). After 2 and 4 weeks of feeding, fish were euthanized and blood was collected for blood smears, plasma for humoral immune parameters and shotgun proteomics, and head-kidney tissue for the measurement of health-related transcripts. A total of 94 proteins were identified in the plasma of all treatments. Among them, components of the complement system, apolipoproteins, as well as some glycoproteins were found to be highly abundant. After performing a PLS of the expressed proteins, differences between the two sampling points were observed. In this regard, component 1 (61%) was correlated with the effect of sampling time, whereas component 2 (18%) seemed associated to individual variability within diet. Gilthead seabream fed ARG2 and CIT2 at 4 weeks were more distant than fish fed all dietary treatments at 2 weeks and fish fed the CTRL diet at 4 weeks. Therefore, data suggest that the modulatory effects of AA supplementation at the proteome level were more effective after 4 weeks of feeding and at the higher inclusion level (i.e., 1% of feed). The bactericidal activity increased in fish fed the highest supplementation level of both AAs after 4 weeks. Peripheral monocyte numbers correlated positively with nitric oxide, which showed an increasing trend in a dose-dependent manner. The colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor tended to be up-regulated at the final sampling point regardless of dietary treatments. Data from this study point to an immunostimulatory effect of dietary ARG or CIT supplementation after 4 weeks of feeding in the gilthead seabream, particularly when supplemented at a 1% inclusion level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lourenço Ramos-Pinto
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade Do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS-UP), Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- SPAROS Lda., Área Empresarial de Marim, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Rita Azeredo
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade Do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS-UP), Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlota Silva
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade Do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | | | - Jorge Dias
- SPAROS Lda., Área Empresarial de Marim, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Daniel Montero
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Silvia Torrecillas
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Tomé S. Silva
- SPAROS Lda., Área Empresarial de Marim, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Benjamin Costas
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade Do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS-UP), Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ma WT, Liu Q, Ning MX, Qi YX, Rehman S, Chen DK. Development and applications of a monoclonal antibody against caprine interferon-gamma. BMC Biotechnol 2019; 19:102. [PMID: 31870349 PMCID: PMC6929374 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-019-0596-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is an important mediator of type I immune response and has antiviral, immunoregulatory and anti-tumor properties, plays a wide range of roles in inflammation and autoimmune diseases. The aim of this study was to obtain monoclonal antibody (mAb) against caprine IFN-γ by immunizing of BALB/c mice with the purified rIFN-γ. Results Recombinant caprine IFN-γ was expressed in Escherichia coli strain BL21 (DE3) and monoclonal antibodies against caprine IFN-γ were produced by immunizing of BALB/c mice with rIFN-γ. One hybridoma secreting mAb was screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) which was designated as 2C. MAb secreted by this cell line were analyzed through ELISA, western blot and application of the mAb was evaluated by immunofluorescence analysis using goat lip tissues infected with Orf virus. ELISA analysis revealed that mAb 2C can specifically recognize rIFN-γ protein and culture supernatant of goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated by concanavalin A (Con A) but cannot recognize the fusion tag protein of pET-32a. Western blot analysis showed that mAb 2C can specifically react with the purified 34.9 kDa rIFN-γ protein but does not react with the fusion tag protein of pET-32a. Immunofluorescence results demonstrated that mAb 2C can detect IFN-γ secreted in histopathological sites of goats infected with Orf virus. Conclusions A caprine IFN-γ-specific mAb was successfully developed in this study. Further analyses showed that the mAb can be used to detect IFN-γ expression level during contagious ecthyma in goats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tao Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Qi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Meng-Xia Ning
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yu-Xu Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Saad Rehman
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - De-Kun Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen T, Hu Y, Zhou J, Hu S, Xiao X, Liu X, Su J, Yuan G. Chitosan reduces the protective effects of IFN-γ2 on grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) against Flavobacterium columnare infection due to excessive inflammation. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 95:305-313. [PMID: 31654768 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
IFN-γ is an immunomodulatory factor that has been extensively studied in phenotypes of mammalian macrophages and multifarious inflammatory responses. Usually these studies relied on the classical synergistic activation of IFN-γ with LPS (LipoPolySaccharides). However, non-mammalian vertebrates, and in particular fish, are not very susceptible to LPS, and easily acquire tolerance upon repeated exposure. Therefore, for studies in fish, it is necessary to replace the classical IFN-γ+LPS immune system activation method, and find other pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) capable of stimulating the fish immune system. Here we used an important farmed fish species, Ctenopharyngodon idella, to study the effects of CiIFN-γ2 (C. idella IFN-γ2) and chitosan (CS) on its immune responses in vivo and vitro. Our results showed that the combination of CS and CiIFN-γ2 significantly enhanced the activation of macrophages, with an activation intensity even stronger than in CiIFN-γ2 and CiIFN-γ2+LPS groups. In vivo, injection of CiIFN-γ2 could improve the survival rate of C. idella infected with Flavobacterium columnare, while a combined injection of CiIFN-γ2+CS only improved protection in the early stages after the challenge. Notably, both injections reduced the bacterial load of viscera and improved the levels of several plasma parameters (TP, T-SOD, LA, and NO). However, a dramatic up-regulation of inflammatory factors, severe inflammatory damage in the intestines and hepatopancreas, and increased mortality in late stages of infection were observed in the CiIFN-γ2+CS group. Our findings provide new insights into the macrophage activation phenotypes and inflammatory responses in fish. They also demonstrate that CiIFN-γ2 could be used as a potential immunopotentiator, but not in combination with CS. This suggests that selection of immunological adjuvants should be carefully tested experimentally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Chen
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yazhen Hu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Jiancheng Zhou
- Wuhan DBN Aquaculture Technology Co. LTD, Wuhan, Hubei, 430090, China
| | - Shengbiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Xun Xiao
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Jianguo Su
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Gailing Yuan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yang K, Feng S, Zhang S, Yin L, Zhou H, Zhang A, Wang X. Characterization of a new il-4/13 homologue in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and its cooperation with M-CSF to promote macrophage proliferation. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 93:508-516. [PMID: 31352118 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a new il-4/13 cDNA was isolated from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) using homologous cloning. The phylogenetic tree and sequence alignment of the deduced amino acid (aa) sequence showed that it was closer to grass carp il-4/13b (gcil-4/13b) than other homologues and therefore named gcil-4/13b-like (gcil-4/13bl). It has 399-nt coding sequence (CDS) which is less than gcil-4/13b (408 nt). In addition, the cloned gcil-4/13bl gene is approximately 1600 bp in length and has a conserved genetic structure consisting of four exons and three introns. Compared to gcil-4/13b gene, it has a variety of nucleotides variation across the CDS and contains a longer intron 3, suggesting that it is a new gcil-4/13 gene. The gcil-4/13bl transcripts were ubiquitously expressed in almost all selected tissues, and there was almost only gcil-4/13bl detected in brain and head kidney (HK). Recombinant grass carp (rgc) Il-4/13bl was prepared by using Escherichia coli (E. coli) Rosetta-gami 2 (DE3). The functional study demonstrated that rgcIl-4/13bl significantly upregulated arginase-2 gene expression and arginase activity, whilst downregulated nitric oxide (NO) production as well as the transcript levels of inducible nitric oxide synthesase (inos) and ifn-γ in freshly isolated grass carp HK monocytes/macrophages (M0/Mϕ). These data suggested that the newly cloned il-4/13bl had the conserved functions to activate M2-type but antagonize M1-type macrophages. Furthermore, rgcIl-4/13bl was able to drive the proliferation of M0/Mϕ which were pre-treated by rgcM-csf, indicating the involvement of gcIl-4/13bl in the proliferation of macrophages. Here we not only identified a new il-4/13-encoding gene in grass carp, but also for the first time revealed a novel function of fish Il-4/13 combined with M-csf engaging in M0/Mϕ proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shiyu Feng
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Licheng Yin
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Anying Zhang
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pereiro P, Figueras A, Novoa B. Insights into teleost interferon-gamma biology: An update. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 90:150-164. [PMID: 31028897 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Interferon-gamma (IFN-ϒ) is probably one of the most relevant cytokines orchestrating the immune response in vertebrates. Although the activities mediated by this molecule are well known in mammals, several aspects of the IFN-ϒ system in teleosts remain a riddle to scientists. Numerous studies support a potentially similar role of the fish IFN-ϒ signalling pathway in some well-described immunological processes induced by this cytokine in mammals. Nevertheless, the existence in some teleost species of duplicated ifng genes and an additional gene derived from ifng known as interferon-γ-related (ifngrel), among other things, raises new interesting questions about the mode of action of these various molecules in fish. Moreover, certain IFN-ϒ-mediated activities recently observed in mammals are still fully unknown in fish. Another attractive but mainly unexplored curious property of IFN-ϒ in vertebrates is its potential dual role depending on the type of pathogen. In addition, some aspects mediated by this molecule could favour the resolution of a bacterial infection but be harmful in the context of a viral disease, and vice versa. This review collects old and new aspects of IFN-ϒ research in teleosts and discusses new questions and pathways of investigation based on recent discoveries in mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Pereiro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM), CSIC, Vigo, Spain; Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | | | - Beatriz Novoa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM), CSIC, Vigo, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yang K, Hou B, Ren F, Zhou H, Zhao T. Characterization of grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella) beta-defensin 1: implications for its role in inflammation control. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 83:87-94. [PMID: 30295142 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1519386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Considering that fish grows in a complex aquatic environment, there is an increasing interest in fish β-defensins, which is an important group of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). In this study, grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) β-defensin 1 (gcdefb1) was isolated using homology cloning technology. Tissue distribution assay showed that gcdefb1 transcripts were expressed with the highest levels in brain and liver, followed by some mucous tissues. To examine gcDefb1 bioactivities, the recombinant gcDefb1 proteins fused with thioredoxin tag protein (Trx) (Trx-Defb1) were induced for production in Escherichia coli Rosetta-gami2(DE3)pLysS under optimal expression conditions. The antibacterial activity of Trx-Defb1 against Aeromonas hydrophila was assessed and its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 36 μM. Interestingly, Trx-Defb1 significantly inhibited LPS-induced Tnf-α (gcTnf-α) secretion and nitric oxide production in grass carp head kidney monocytes/macrophages (HKM), although Trx-Defb1 alone had no effect. Our studies provide the first evidence of fish β-defensin 1 engaging in both antimicrobial and inflammation suppression process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China (where the research was conducted)
| | - Boren Hou
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China (where the research was conducted)
| | - Fangfang Ren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China (where the research was conducted)
| | - Taiqiang Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ulvestad JS, Kumari J, Seternes T, Chi H, Dalmo RA. Studies on the effects of LPS, ß-glucan and metabolic inhibitors on the respiratory burst and gene expression in Atlantic salmon macrophages. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2018; 41:1117-1127. [PMID: 29600522 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in macrophage-like cells is induced as an antimicrobial defence against invading pathogens. In this study, we have explored how different stimuli and metabolic inhibitors affect the level of respiratory burst in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) head kidney macrophage-like cells. Cells stimulated in vitro by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and ß-glucan showed increased production of ROS compared to unstimulated cells. Both stimulation and costimulation by curdlan (ß-glucan) induced a higher production of ROS compared to stimulation and costimulation by LPS. Metabolic inhibitors co-incubated with the stimulants did not, in most cases, perturb the level of ROS generation in the salmon macrophage-like cells. The NAD+ content as well as the NAD+ /NADH ratio increased in curdlan and LPS + curdlan-stimulated cells compared to control cells, which indicated increased metabolic activity in the stimulated cells. Supporting these findings, gene analysis using real-time quantitative PCR showed that arginase-1 and IL-1ß genes were highly expressed in the stimulated cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J S Ulvestad
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromsø - The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - J Kumari
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromsø - The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - T Seternes
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromsø - The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - H Chi
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromsø - The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - R A Dalmo
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromsø - The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Valenzuela B, Rodríguez FE, Modak B, Imarai M. Alpinone exhibited immunomodulatory and antiviral activities in Atlantic salmon. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 74:76-83. [PMID: 29292197 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we seek to identify flavonoids able to regulate the gene expression of a group of cytokines important for the control of infections in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Particularly, we studied the potential immunomodulatory effects of two flavonoids, Alpinone and Pinocembrine, which were isolated and purified from resinous exudates of Heliotropium huascoense and Heliotropium sinuatum, respectively. The transcript levels of TNF-α and IL-1 (inflammatory cytokines), IFN-γ and IL-12 (T helper 1 type cytokines), IL4/13A (Th2-type cytokine), IL-17 (Th17 type cytokine) TGF-β1 (regulatory cytokine) and IFN-α (antiviral cytokine) were quantified by qRT-PCR in kidneys of flavonoid-treated and control fish. We demonstrated that the administration of a single intramuscular dose of purified Alpinone increased the transcriptional expression of five cytokines, named TNF-α, IL-1, IFN-α, IFN-γ and TGF-β1 in treated fish compared to untreated fish. Conversely, administration of purified Pinocembrine reduced the transcriptional expression of TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-12 in the kidney of treated fish. No other changes were observed. Interestingly, Alpinone also induced in vitro antiviral effects against Infectious Salmon Anaemia virus. Results showed that Alpinone but not Pinocembrine induces the expression of cytokines, which in vertebrates are essential to control viral infections while Pinocembrine reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines. Altogether results suggest that Alpinone is a good candidate to be further tested as immunostimulant and antiviral drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Valenzuela
- Laboratory of Immunology, Center of Aquatic Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Av. Bernardo O'Higgins, 3363 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Felipe E Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Immunology, Center of Aquatic Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Av. Bernardo O'Higgins, 3363 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Brenda Modak
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Products, Center of Aquatic Biotechnology, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Av. Bernardo O'Higgins, 3363 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Mónica Imarai
- Laboratory of Immunology, Center of Aquatic Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Av. Bernardo O'Higgins, 3363 Santiago, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Maekawa S, Byadgi O, Chen YC, Aoki T, Takeyama H, Yoshida T, Hikima JI, Sakai M, Wang PC, Chen SC. Transcriptome analysis of immune response against Vibrio harveyi infection in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 70:628-637. [PMID: 28939531 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio harveyi is a gram-negative bacterium reported as found in many aquaculture species. To increase knowledge of the immune response against V. harveyi, in this study we performed transcriptome analysis of head kidney and spleen in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) at 1 and 2 days post-infection (dpi), using the Illumina sequencing platform. After de novo assembly, a total of 79,128 unigenes was detected with an N50 of 2511 bp. After alignments with sequences recorded in the major databases (NT, NR, Swiss-Prot COG, KEGG, Interpro and GO), based on sequence similarity, 61,208 (77.4%) of the unigene total could be annotated using at least one database. Comparison of gene expression levels between V. harveyi and a control group at each time point revealed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (P < 0.05): a total of 7918 (5536 upregulated and 2282 downregulated genes) from head kidney at 1 day post infection (dpi), 4260 (1444 upregulated and 2816 downregulated genes) from head kidney at 2 dpi, 7887 (4892 upregulated and 2995 downregulated genes) from spleen at 1 dpi, and 8952 (7388 upregulated and 1564 downregulated genes) from spleen at 2 dpi. The DEGs were mainly annotated into signal transduction and immune system categories, based on the KEGG database. The DEGs were enriched in immune-related pathway functions, NOD-like receptor signaling pathways, Toll-like receptor signaling pathways, NF-κB signaling pathways, and Jak-STAT signaling pathways. Additionally, we selected several DEGs and validated their expression level by RT-qPCR. The data generated in this study may provide a valuable resource for further immune response research and offer improved strategies against V. harveyi infection in teleost fishes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shun Maekawa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Omkar Byadgi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chung Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Takashi Aoki
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruko Takeyama
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Jun-Ichi Hikima
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sakai
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Pei-Chi Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Chu Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Science and Technology, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yang S, Li Q, Mu Y, Ao J, Chen X. Functional activities of interferon gamma in large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 70:545-552. [PMID: 28939528 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) is a T helper cell type 1 (Th1) cytokine that plays important roles in almost all phases of immune and inflammatory responses. Although IFN-γ gene in large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea has been reported, little is known about its bioactivity. In this study, large yellow croaker IFN-γ (LycIFN-γ) gene was found to be constitutively expressed in all tissues tested, with the highest levels in blood and heart. Based on stimulation with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly (I:C)] or inactivated trivalent bacterial vaccine, LycIFN-γ mRNA was significantly increased in spleen and head kidney tissues. LycIFN-γ transcripts were also detected in head kidney granulocytes, primary head kidney macrophages (PKM), head kidney leukocytes, and large yellow croaker head kidney cell line (LYCK), and were significantly up-regulated by poly(I:C) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in head kidney leukocytes. Recombinant LycIFN-γ protein (rLycIFN-γ) produced in Escherichia coli could enhance respiratory burst responses in PKM. Furthermore, rLycIFN-γ not only induced the expression of iNOS gene and release of NO, but also up-regulated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β in PKM. These findings therefore indicated that LycIFN-γ has a role in mediating inflammatory response. In addition, rLycIFN-γ could significantly up-regulate expression of IFN-γ receptor CRFB13, signal transduction factor STAT1, transcription factors IRF1 and T-bet, and Th1-related cytokines IFN-γ and IL-2 in head kidney leukocytes, suggesting that LycIFN-γ may have the potential to promote Th1 immune response in large yellow croaker. Taken together, our results show that LycIFN-γ may be involved in inflammatory response and promote Th1 immune response as its mammalian counterpart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Qiuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Yinnan Mu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Jingqun Ao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, PR China; College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Qiu X, Lv M, Jian X, Chen D, Zhou H, Zhang A, Wang X. In vitro characterization of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) IL-26 in regulating inflammatory factors. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 66:148-155. [PMID: 28495510 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 26 (IL-26) gene has been identified in human, amphibian and teleost but not in rodents. It is well accepted that IL-26 was a crucial member of IL-10 family which acts as a pro-inflammatory cytokine in human. However, the role of IL-26 in regulating inflammation in lower vertebrates including teleost has not been defined yet. In the present study, grass carp IL-26 (gcIL-26) coding sequence was isolated and identified. Its chromosomal synteny was also analyzed, showing that gcIL-26 gene is flanked by IL-22 and IFN-γ genes with the same transcriptional orientation as seen in human, amphibian and zebrafish. Given that zebrafish and grass carp IL-26 shared relatively low amino acid identities with human IL-26, the functional roles of fish IL-26 are indispensable to be elucidated. Accordingly, recombinant gcIL-26 (rgcIL-26) was prepared by using Pichia pastoris expression system, and it was found to be partially glycosylated. Using grass carp head kidney leucocytes as cell model, rgcIL-26 displayed the bioactivity to stimulate the mRNA expression of some pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-8, IL-1β and IL-6, while inhibit mRNA expression of an anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10. Moreover, rgcIL-26 also up-regulated inos expression and NO production in grass carp monocytes/macrophages, strengthening its pro-inflammatory properties in fish. Those results collectively demonstrated the functional role of IL-26 in regulating inflammatory response in fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingyang Qiu
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyuan Lv
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Jian
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Chen
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Anying Zhang
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yoon S, Alnabulsi A, Wang TY, Lee PT, Chen TY, Bird S, Zou J, Secombes CJ. Analysis of interferon gamma protein expression in zebrafish (Danio rerio). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 57:79-86. [PMID: 27539703 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
IFN-γ is a major effector cytokine, produced to induce type I immune responses. It has been cloned in several fish species including zebrafish, however to date few studies have looked at IFN-γ protein expression and bioactivity in fish. Hence, the current study focused on developing a monoclonal antibody (moAb) against zfIFN-γ. We show that the zfIFN-γ moAb specifically recognises E. coli produced recombinant IFN-γ protein and zfIFN-γ produced in transfected HEK293 cells, by Western blot analysis. Next we analysed the production of the native protein following expression induced by PHA stimulation of leukocytes in vitro or antigen re-stimulation in vivo. We show the IFN-γ protein is produced as a dimer, and that a good correlation exists between transcript expression levels and protein levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sohye Yoon
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, UK.
| | | | - Ting Yu Wang
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - Po Tsang Lee
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - Tzong-Yueh Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
| | - Steve Bird
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, UK; Molecular Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Jun Zou
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - Christopher J Secombes
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zou J, Secombes CJ. The Function of Fish Cytokines. BIOLOGY 2016; 5:biology5020023. [PMID: 27231948 PMCID: PMC4929537 DOI: 10.3390/biology5020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
What is known about the biological activity of fish cytokines is reviewed. Most of the functional studies performed to date have been in teleost fish, and have focused on the induced effects of cytokine recombinant proteins, or have used loss- and gain-of-function experiments in zebrafish. Such studies begin to tell us about the role of these molecules in the regulation of fish immune responses and whether they are similar or divergent to the well-characterised functions of mammalian cytokines. This knowledge will aid our ability to determine and modulate the pathways leading to protective immunity, to improve fish health in aquaculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zou
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK.
| | - Christopher J Secombes
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yarahmadi P, Miandare HK, Fayaz S, Caipang CMA. Increased stocking density causes changes in expression of selected stress- and immune-related genes, humoral innate immune parameters and stress responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 48:43-53. [PMID: 26549176 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of various stocking densities on the health status (stress and immune responses) of rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss). Juvenile rainbow trout were acclimated, placed in circular tanks under stocking densities of 10, 40 and 80 kg m(-3) and reared for 30 days. The relative expression of genes involved in stress and immunity such as HSP70, LyzII, TNF-1α, IL-1β, IL-8 and IFN-γ1 in the head kidney was determined. Serum cortisol, ACTH, total antioxidant capacity, osmolality and lactate were measured after 30 days of culture at different stocking densities (D1:10 kg m(-3), D2: 40 kg m(-3) and D3: 80 kg m(-3)) as indices of stress responses. In addition, the effects of stocking densities on serum complement, bactericidal activity, agglutinating antibody titers, serum IgM, anti-protease activity, serum total protein and alkaline phosphatase of the fish were measured. HSP70 gene expression was significantly density-dependent upregulated in D2 and D3 densities compared to D1 (P < 0.05). Also, there was significant downregulation in expression of LyzII, TNF-1α, IL-1β, IL-8 and IFN-γ1 in fish reared at density of either D2 or D3 (P < 0.05). In terms of stress responses, serum ACTH, cortisol and lactate level showed significant density-dependent increase (P < 0.05) while serum osmolality and total antioxidant capacity showed significant decline (P < 0.05) in fish reared at higher densities (D2 and D3) compared to fish reared at lower density (D1) (P < 0.05). Concordant with the expression of the immune-related genes, the serum complement and bactericidal activity as well as specific antibody titer against Aeromonas hydrophila, IgM and anti-protease activity decreased along with elevation of stocking density from D1 to D3 (P < 0.05). However, different stocking densities had no significant effect on serum total protein level and alkaline phosphatase activity. These results suggested that elevation of stocking densities and crowding resulted in the increase in HSP70 gene expression and the levels of selected stress responses in the serum. However, there was down-regulation of immune genes expression and decreased innate immune responses in the fish. The mRNA expression of the genes and immune parameters that were measured in this study could be helpful in monitoring the health status and welfare of the fish in aquaculture systems particularly in relation to increased stocking densities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Yarahmadi
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamed Kolangi Miandare
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Sahel Fayaz
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Polarization of immune responses in fish: The ‘macrophages first’ point of view. Mol Immunol 2016; 69:146-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
27
|
Hodgkinson JW, Grayfer L, Belosevic M. Biology of Bony Fish Macrophages. BIOLOGY 2015; 4:881-906. [PMID: 26633534 PMCID: PMC4690021 DOI: 10.3390/biology4040881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are found across all vertebrate species, reside in virtually all animal tissues, and play critical roles in host protection and homeostasis. Various mechanisms determine and regulate the highly plastic functional phenotypes of macrophages, including antimicrobial host defenses (pro-inflammatory, M1-type), and resolution and repair functions (anti-inflammatory/regulatory, M2-type). The study of inflammatory macrophages in immune defense of teleosts has garnered much attention, and antimicrobial mechanisms of these cells have been extensively studied in various fish models. Intriguingly, both similarities and differences have been documented for the regulation of lower vertebrate macrophage antimicrobial defenses, as compared to what has been described in mammals. Advances in our understanding of the teleost macrophage M2 phenotypes likewise suggest functional conservation through similar and distinct regulatory strategies, compared to their mammalian counterparts. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing teleost macrophage functional heterogeneity, including monopoetic development, classical macrophage inflammatory and antimicrobial responses as well as alternative macrophage polarization towards tissues repair and resolution of inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan W Hodgkinson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada.
| | - Leon Grayfer
- Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
| | - Miodrag Belosevic
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wei H, Yin L, Feng S, Wang X, Yang K, Zhang A, Zhou H. Dual-parallel inhibition of IL-10 and TGF-β1 controls LPS-induced inflammatory response via NF-κB signaling in grass carp monocytes/macrophages. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 44:445-452. [PMID: 25804490 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In fish, the knowledge on the regulation of inflammatory responses is limited. In the present study, LPS rapidly increased the mRNA levels of grass carp pro-inflammatory factors, including tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), inducible nitric oxides synthase (iNOS) and IL-8 in monocytes/macrophages, indicating the occurrence of innate inflammatory responses in fish as seen in mammals. Intriguingly, the gene expression and protein secretion of grass carp IL-10 (gcIL-10) and TGF-β1 (gcTGF-β1) were induced by LPS in the same cell model, promoting us to clarify their roles in regulating inflammatory response. Results revealed that grass carp IL-10 polyclonal antibody (anti-gcIL-10 pAb) and grass carp TGF-β1 monoclonal antibody (anti-gcTGF-β1 mAb) could amplify the stimulation of LPS on the mRNA levels of tnfα, il1β, inos and il8, suggesting the inhibitory tone of endogenous IL-10 and TGF-β1 in LPS-challenged immune responses. This notion was further supported by the fact that recombinant grass carp IL-10 (rgcIL-10) and recombinant grass carp TGF-β1 (rgcTGF-β1) attenuated LPS-stimulated tnfα, il1β, inos and il8 gene expression in monocytes/macrophages. Further study revealed that rgcIL-10 and rgcTGF-β1 impaired NF-κB activation by blocking LPS-induced grass carp IκBα (gcIκBα) protein degradation in the cells. In addition, the correlation between gcIL-10 and gcTGF-β1 in this regulation was examined by immunoneutralization, unveiling that anti-gcTGF-β1 mAb and anti-gcIL-10 pAb were unable to alter the inhibitory effects of rgcIL-10 and rgcTGF-β1 on pro-inflammatory factors expression in grass carp monocytes/macrophages, respectively. This dual and parallel effect of gcIL-10 and gcTGF-β1 strengthened their importance in controlling inflammatory responses. Taken together, our findings shed a light on the functional role, regulatory mechanism and relationship of fish IL-10 and TGF-β1 in regulating inflammatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- He Wei
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Licheng Yin
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyu Feng
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Anying Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|