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Li W, Zhang X, Hao X, Xin R, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Niu Z. Fish skin mucosal surface becomes a barrier of antibiotic resistance genes under apramycin exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118930. [PMID: 38615788 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are a kind of emerging environmental contamination, and are commonly found in antibiotic application situations, attracting wide attention. Fish skin mucosal surface (SMS), as the contact interface between fish and water, is the first line of defense against external pollutant invasion. Antibiotics are widely used in aquaculture, and SMS may be exposed to antibiotics. However, what happens to SMS when antibiotics are applied, and whether ARGs are enriched in SMS are not clear. In this study, Zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to antibiotic and antibiotic resistant bacteria in the laboratory to simulate the aquaculture situation, and the effects of SMS on the spread of ARGs were explored. The results showed that SMS maintained the stability of the bacterial abundance and diversity under apramycin (APR) and bacterial exposure effectively. Until 11 days after stopping APR exposure, the abundance of ARGs in SMS (mean value was 3.32 × 10-3 copies/16S rRNA copies) still did not recover to the initial stage before exposure, which means that enriched ARGs in SMS were persistently remained. Moreover, non-specific immunity played an important role in resisting infection of external contamination. Besides, among antioxidant proteins, superoxide dismutase showed the highest activity. Consequently, it showed that SMS became a barrier of antibiotic resistance genes under APR exposure, and ARGs in SMS were difficult to remove once colonized. This study provided a reference for understanding the transmission, enrichment process, and ecological impact of antibiotics and ARGs in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Li
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xiaohan Hao
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Rui Xin
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yongzheng Ma
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Zhiguang Niu
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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Campos-Sánchez JC, Esteban MÁ. Effects of dietary astaxanthin on immune status and lipid metabolism in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 151:109731. [PMID: 38944253 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AX) is a carotenoid known to have one of the highest documented antioxidant capacities and has attracted considerable scientific and commercial interest. The incorporation of AX into aquaculture practices has been associated with improved pigmentation, modulation of the immune and endocrine systems, stress reduction, reproductive efficiency and general fish health. This study describes the effects of dietary AX (0, control, 20, 100 and 500 mg kg-1 AX per kg of diet) for 15 and 30 days on growth performance, immune and antioxidant status, histology and gene expression in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Fish fed diets enriched with 500 mg kg-1 of AX for 15 days decreased in skin mucus peroxidase activity while at 30 days of trial, fish fed a diet supplemented with 20 mg kg-1 AX increased the peroxidase activity in serum. In addition, bactericidal activity against Vibrio harveyi increased in the skin mucus of fish fed any of the AX supplemented diets. Regarding antioxidant activities in the liver, catalase and glutathione reductase were decreased and increased, respectively, in fish fed a diet supplemented with 500 mg kg-1 of AX. Finally, although the expression of up to 21 inflammatory and lipid metabolism-related genes was analysed in visceral adipose tissue, only the expression of the interleukin 6 (il6) gene was up-regulated in fish fed a diet supplemented with 20 mg kg-1 of AX. The present results provide a detailed insight into the potent antioxidant properties of AX and its possible modulatory effects on the immune status and lipid metabolism of seabream, which may be of interest to the aquaculture sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Carlos Campos-Sánchez
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology. Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Esteban
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology. Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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3
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García-Beltrán JM, Johnstone C, Arizcun M, Cuesta A, Pérez M, Chaves-Pozo E. The susceptibility of shi drum juveniles to betanodavirus increases with rearing densities in a process mediated by neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1304603. [PMID: 38933269 PMCID: PMC11200141 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1304603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) is one of the greatest threats to Mediterranean aquaculture, infecting more than 170 fish species and causing mortalities up to 100% in larvae and juveniles of susceptible species. Intensive aquaculture implies stressed conditions that affect the welfare of fish and their ability to fight against infections. In fact, a higher susceptibility to NNV has been related to poor welfare conditions. In order to analyze the physiological link between stressed conditions and increased susceptibility to NNV, as well as its possible role in the pathogenesis of this disease, we reared shi drum (Umbrina cirrosa) juveniles (30.7 ± 3.10 g body weight), which are expected to be asymptomatic upon NNV infection, at three stocking densities (2, 15, and 30 kg/m3) for 27 days and subsequently challenged them with NNV. We firstly characterized the stressed conditions of the specimens before and after infection and recorded the mortalities, demonstrating that stressed specimens reared at 30 kg/m3 suffered mortalities. However, the viral loads in different tissues were similar in all experimental groups, allowing horizontal and vertical transmission of the virus from asymptomatic specimens. All of these data suggest that shi drum tolerates wide ranges of culture densities, although high densities might be a setback for controlling NNV outbreaks in this species. In an attempt to understand the molecular pathways orchestrating this susceptibility change in stressed conditions, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of four tissues under mock- and NNV-infected conditions. In addition to the modification of the exceptive pathways such as cell adhesion, leukocyte migration, cytokine interaction, cell proliferation and survival, and autophagy, we also observed a heavy alteration of the neuroactive ligand-receptor pathway in three of the four tissues analyzed. Our data also point to some of the receptors of this pathway as potential candidates for future pharmacological treatment to avoid the exacerbated immune response that could trigger fish mortalities upon NNV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María García-Beltrán
- Physiology and Welfare of Marine Species Group (PHYSIS), Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (COMU-IEO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Murcia, Spain
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carolina Johnstone
- Physiology and Welfare of Marine Species Group (PHYSIS), Centro Oceanográfico de Málaga, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (COMA-IEO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Málaga, Spain
| | - Marta Arizcun
- Physiology and Welfare of Marine Species Group (PHYSIS), Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (COMU-IEO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Montse Pérez
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (COV-IEO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Vigo, Spain
| | - Elena Chaves-Pozo
- Physiology and Welfare of Marine Species Group (PHYSIS), Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (COMU-IEO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Murcia, Spain
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Espírito-Santo C, Guardiola FA, Ozório ROA, Magnoni LJ. Short-term induced swimming activity enhanced innate immune parameters and antioxidant status of European eel (Anguilla anguilla). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2024; 296:111680. [PMID: 38876440 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
The swimming activity, although an essential trait in the life cycle of fish, is still poorly understood in farmed fish. The current study aimed to investigate the impact of short-term induced swimming on the immune and antioxidant defence systems in European eel (Anguilla anguilla). Sixteen male yellow European eels (total length: 39.9 ± 0.7 cm; body weight: 108.8 ± 6.1 g) were individually placed in swimming flumes and divided into two groups: i) no swimming (n = 8); and ii) induced-swimming (n = 8) at 0.3 body lengths (BL)·s-1 for 7 h. Swimming resulted in a 2-fold lower cortisol concentration in plasma, whereas plasma glucose, lactate, and several immune-related parameters did not present variations between groups. Interestingly, swimming led to higher lysozyme, peroxidase, and protease activities in skin mucus, whereas bactericidal activity did not show differences among groups. Additionally, the gene expression of interleukin 1 beta showed an up-regulation in the skin of fish with induced swimming, while no differences were observed in the head-kidney or gills. Furthermore, modulation of the antioxidant status was observed in the liver and posterior skeletal muscle after induced swimming. Fish subjected to swimming showed lower lipid peroxidation and higher reduced glutathione levels, increasing the reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio. However, no variations in the antioxidant status were observed between groups in the anterior skeletal muscle. This study showed modulation of immune and oxidative stress markers in European eels upon short-term induced swimming compared to non-swimming fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Espírito-Santo
- Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4069-007 Porto, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Francisco A Guardiola
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Rodrigo O A Ozório
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Leonardo J Magnoni
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Port Nelson, Nelson 7043, New Zealand
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Tzortzatos OP, Toubanaki DK, Kolygas MN, Kotzamanis Y, Roussos E, Bakopoulos V, Chatzopoulos A, Athanassopoulou F, Karagouni E. Dietary Artemisia arborescens Supplementation Effects on Growth, Oxidative Status, and Immunity of Gilthead Seabream ( Sparus aurata L.). Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1161. [PMID: 38672308 PMCID: PMC11047518 DOI: 10.3390/ani14081161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Fish infectious diseases are one of the main constraints of the aquaculture sector. The use of medicinal plants provides a sustainable way of protection using safe, eco-friendly compounds in a more cost-effective way of treatment, compared to antibiotics. The aim of the present study is the assessment of Artemisia arborescens (AA) feed-supplementation effects on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Fish with an average initial body weight of 109.43 ± 3.81 g, were divided into two groups based on AA feed composition (A25 and A50). Following two months of ad libitum feeding, the effect of diets on fish weight and length were measured. Fish serum and mucus were analyzed for non-specific immune parameters (nitric oxide, lysozyme, myeloperoxidase, protease-/anti-protease activity, and complement), antibody responses, oxidative stress (cytochrome P450 1A1, metallothionein), and metabolism markers (total protein, alkaline phosphatase, and glucose). Expression levels of antioxidants (sod1, gpx1), cytokines (il-1b, il-10, tfgb1, and tnfa), hepcidin, and heat shock protein grp75 genes were measured in spleen samples. A results analysis indicated that A. arborescens use as a feed supplement has a compromised positive effect on the growth performance, immune response, and blood parameters of gilthead seabream. Overall, the suitability of A. arborescens as an efficient food supplement for gilthead seabream health improvement was investigated, setting the basis for its application assessment in Mediterranean aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odysseas-Panagiotis Tzortzatos
- Immunology of Infection Group, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (O.-P.T.); (D.K.T.)
| | - Dimitra K. Toubanaki
- Immunology of Infection Group, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (O.-P.T.); (D.K.T.)
| | - Markos N. Kolygas
- Laboratory of Ichthyology & Fish Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (M.N.K.); (F.A.)
| | - Yannis Kotzamanis
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 19013 Athens, Greece; (Y.K.); (E.R.)
| | - Efstratios Roussos
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 19013 Athens, Greece; (Y.K.); (E.R.)
| | - Vasileios Bakopoulos
- Department of Marine Sciences, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, University Hill, Lesvos, 81100 Mytilene, Greece;
| | | | - Fotini Athanassopoulou
- Laboratory of Ichthyology & Fish Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (M.N.K.); (F.A.)
| | - Evdokia Karagouni
- Immunology of Infection Group, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (O.-P.T.); (D.K.T.)
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6
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Linh NV, Lubis AR, Dinh-Hung N, Wannavijit S, Montha N, Fontana CM, Lengkidworraphiphat P, Srinual O, Jung WK, Paolucci M, Doan HV. Effects of Shrimp Shell-Derived Chitosan on Growth, Immunity, Intestinal Morphology, and Gene Expression of Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) Reared in a Biofloc System. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:150. [PMID: 38667767 PMCID: PMC11050815 DOI: 10.3390/md22040150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitosan (CH) shows great potential as an immunostimulatory feed additive in aquaculture. This study evaluates the effects of varying dietary CH levels on the growth, immunity, intestinal morphology, and antioxidant status of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reared in a biofloc system. Tilapia fingerlings (mean weight 13.54 ± 0.05 g) were fed diets supplemented with 0 (CH0), 5 (CH5), 10 (CH10), 20 (CH20), and 40 (CH40) mL·kg-1 of CH for 8 weeks. Parameters were assessed after 4 and 8 weeks. Their final weight was not affected by CH supplementation, but CH at 10 mL·kg-1 significantly improved weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) compared to the control (p < 0.05) at 8 weeks. Skin mucus lysozyme and peroxidase activities were lower in the chitosan-treated groups at weeks 4 and 8. Intestinal villi length and width were enhanced by 10 and 20 mL·kg-1 CH compared to the control. However, 40 mL·kg-1 CH caused detrimental impacts on the villi and muscular layer. CH supplementation, especially 5-10 mL·kg-1, increased liver and intestinal expressions of interleukin 1 (IL-1), interleukin 8 (IL-8), LPS-binding protein (LBP), glutathione reductase (GSR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and glutathione S-transferase (GST-α) compared to the control group. Overall, dietary CH at 10 mL·kg-1 can effectively promote growth, intestinal morphology, innate immunity, and antioxidant capacity in Nile tilapia fingerlings reared in biofloc systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Vu Linh
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.V.L.); (S.W.); (N.M.); (C.M.F.); (O.S.)
- Functional Feed Innovation Center (FuncFeed), Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Anisa Rilla Lubis
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.V.L.); (S.W.); (N.M.); (C.M.F.); (O.S.)
| | - Nguyen Dinh-Hung
- Aquaculture Pathology Laboratory, School of Animal & Comparative Biochemical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Supreya Wannavijit
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.V.L.); (S.W.); (N.M.); (C.M.F.); (O.S.)
| | - Napatsorn Montha
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.V.L.); (S.W.); (N.M.); (C.M.F.); (O.S.)
| | - Camilla Maria Fontana
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.V.L.); (S.W.); (N.M.); (C.M.F.); (O.S.)
| | - Phattawin Lengkidworraphiphat
- Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Keaw Rd., Suthep, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Orranee Srinual
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.V.L.); (S.W.); (N.M.); (C.M.F.); (O.S.)
- Functional Feed Innovation Center (FuncFeed), Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Won-Kyo Jung
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea;
| | - Marina Paolucci
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy;
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.V.L.); (S.W.); (N.M.); (C.M.F.); (O.S.)
- Functional Feed Innovation Center (FuncFeed), Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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El-Mansi AA, Rady AM, Ibrahim EH, ElBealy E. Cellular patterning and cyto-architectural organization of the skin of electric catfish (Malapterurus electricus, Siluriformes) with a particular emphasis on its ampullary electroreceptor. ZOOLOGY 2024; 163:126159. [PMID: 38471427 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2024.126159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The functional morphology of the skin of Malapteruridae is presumably evolved to cope with a diversified range of ambient physiological, environmental, and behavioral conditions. Herein, we firstly characterized the microstructures and intriguing patterning of the skin of twelve adult electric catfish (Malapterurus electricus, Malapteruridae) using histological, histochemical, immunofluorescent, and ELISA standard methodology. The skin comprises three sequentially-oriented layers: the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis with a significantly increased thickness of the former. The epidermis contains four types of cells: the surface epithelial cells, mucous cells, granular cells, and club cells. We defined distinctive ampullary electroreceptors in the outer epidermis that possess flask-shaped sensory crypt containing electroreceptor cells together with vertical collagen rods. Dermis and hypodermis are composed of connective tissue; however, the former is much more coarse and dense with comparable reactivity for Masson-Goldner trichrome (MT). Placing our data in the context of the limited body of previous work, we showed subtle changes in the expression of mucin subunits together with cytoskeletal fractions of collagens, myosin, F-actin, keratins, and tubulins. Taken as a whole, our results convincingly showed that the skin of M. electricus shares some structural similarities to other Siluriformes, however, it has some functional modifications that are implicated in protection, defense, and foraging behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A El-Mansi
- Biology Dept., Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed M Rady
- Biology Dept., Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam H Ibrahim
- Biology Dept., Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman ElBealy
- Biology Dept., Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
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Wei X, Shi Y, Wang S, Liu H, Zhang Z, Yu L, Hua W, Cui D, Chen Y, Li X, Wang W. Mucous cell histopathology and label-free quantitative proteomic analysis of skin mucus in fat greenling (Hexagrammos otakii) infected with Vibrio harveyi. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 146:109398. [PMID: 38244822 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Hexagrammos otakii is favored by consumers and aquaculture practitioners because of its strong adaptability and fast growth. However, recently, frequent outbreaks of diseases in the breeding of H. otakii have led to significant economic losses, especially due to bacterial diseases, which limit the healthy breeding of H. otakii. As a luminescent Gram-negative bacterium, Vibrio harveyi is the main pathogenic bacteria of H. otakii. In this study, the histopathology and label-free quantitative proteomics analysis were performed to reveal the changes of skin mucus proteins in H. otakii after infection with V. harveyi. The histopathological changes in the skin of H. otakii showed that when the bacteria were injected into the epithelial cells, it caused an increase in the number of mucous cells and a certain degree of damage and deformation in skin. Moreover, the quantitative proteomics analysis revealed a total of 364 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), and these DEPs were found to be involved in environmental information processing, metabolism, infectious diseases: bacteria, replication and repair. More importantly, the enrichment analysis of the DEPs revealed that these different proteins were mainly targeted immune-related pathways. After infection of bacteria, the host's immune ability will be weakened, causing V. harveyi to enter the organism more easily, resulting in increased mucus in H. otakii, which will eventually lead to a decline in its physical function. These results provided an insight into a series of physiological changes after the bacterial infection of fish at the proteomic level and basic data for further exploration of the potential mechanism of skin mucus. Taken together, the results indicated more opportunities for the future designs and discoveries of effective antibacterial vaccines and antibacterial drugs for H. otakii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Applied Biology and Aquaculture of Northern Fishes in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yanyan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Applied Biology and Aquaculture of Northern Fishes in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Biology and Aquaculture of Northern Fishes in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Biology and Aquaculture of Northern Fishes in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Biology and Aquaculture of Northern Fishes in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lina Yu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Biology and Aquaculture of Northern Fishes in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Wenyuan Hua
- Key Laboratory of Applied Biology and Aquaculture of Northern Fishes in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Dandan Cui
- Key Laboratory of Applied Biology and Aquaculture of Northern Fishes in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Biology and Aquaculture of Northern Fishes in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xuejie Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Biology and Aquaculture of Northern Fishes in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Biology and Aquaculture of Northern Fishes in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
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Singh J, Srivastava A, Nigam AK, Kumari U, Mittal S, Mittal AK. Alterations in certain immunological parameters in the skin mucus of the carp, Cirrhinus mrigala, infected with the bacteria, Edwardsiella tarda. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2023; 49:1303-1320. [PMID: 37870724 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01258-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial fish pathogen Edwardsiella tarda causes heavy stock mortality, severely hampering fish production, resulting in great economic loss to the farming industry. The first biological barriers that confer immune protection against pathogen entry are the fish mucosal surfaces. The present study was undertaken to investigate the influence of E. tarda on certain enzymatic and non-enzymatic parameters in the skin mucous secretions of the fish Cirrhinus mrigala using spectrophotometry and zymography. Fish were randomly divided into three groups: control, vehicle control, and infected. A sublethal dose of E. tarda (2.2 × 106 CFU/fish) suspended in 50 μL of PBS was injected intra-peritoneally at 0 day (d). Subsequently, mucus samples were collected at 2 d, 4 d, 6 d and 8 d post-infection. The activities of lysozyme (LYZ), protease (PROT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (PER), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) decreased significantly in the skin mucus of the challenged fish, indicating the suppressed immune system and decreased antioxidant capacity of C. mrigala to E. tarda infection. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) and total nitrate-nitrite were significantly higher at several time points post-infection, suggesting that physiological functions have been impaired following pathogen challenge. The present findings could be relevant for fish aquaculture and underline the importance of skin mucus not only for assessing fish immune status but also for identifying early warning signals of disease caused by pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Singh
- Department of Zoology, Skin Physiology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Ayan Srivastava
- Department of Zoology, MSM Samta College (BR Ambedkar Bihar University), Jandaha, Vaishali, Bihar, 844505, India
| | - Ashwini Kumar Nigam
- Udai Pratap Autonomous College, Bhojubir, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221002, India
| | - Usha Kumari
- Zoology Section, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Swati Mittal
- Department of Zoology, Skin Physiology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
| | - Ajay Kumar Mittal
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Present Address: 9, Mani Nagar, Near Asha Modern School, Kandawa road, Near Chitaipur, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221106, India
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10
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Say P, Nimitkul S, Bunnoy A, Na-Nakorn U, Srisapoome P. Effects of the combination of chitosan and Acinetobacter KU011TH on the growth and health performances and disease resistance of juvenile hybrid catfish (Clarias gariepinus × C. macrocephalus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 142:109177. [PMID: 37863127 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic animal health management has become a crucial component in the goal of increasing catfish aquaculture productivity. Additionally, hybrid catfish (Clarias gariepinus × C. macrocephalus) has been promoted as a highly profitable freshwater fish in Asia. Interestingly, the crucial diseases induced by Aeromonas hydrophila have been reported to greatly impede catfish production. To overcome this challenge, the aim was to investigate the effects of the oral administration of potentially synbiotic chitosan (CH) and Acinetobacter KU011TH (AK) on the growth performance, immunological responses, and disease resistance of hybrid catfish against A. hydrophila. The control group was fed a basal diet (A), the diet fed to treatment group B was supplemented with 20 mL of CH/kg diet (B), and the experimental feed fed to groups C-D was mixed with 1 × 108, 1 × 109 and 1 × 1010 CFU/mL AK coated with 20 mL of CH/kg diet. Five different groups of juvenile hybrid catfish were continuously fed the 5 formulated feeds for 4 weeks. The results revealed that all tested feeds did not significantly enhance the hybrid catfish's average daily gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, hematocrit and erythrocyte counts. Interestingly, the application of CH and AK significantly increased the leukocyte counts, respiratory burst, lysozyme activity, alternative complement pathway hemolytic activity, and bactericidal activity (P < 0.05). The expression levels of the immune-related genes in the whole blood, head kidney, and spleen were significantly increased after CH-AK application (P < 0.05), but this finding was not observed in the liver (P > 0.05). Additionally, after 14 days of A. hydrophila peritoneal injection, the fish in group C showed significantly higher survival rates of approximately 70.0 % compared with the control fish in groups B, D, and E (52.5 %, 40.0 %, 45.0 %, and 45.0 %, respectively) (P < 0.05). These results collectively suggest that short-term application of the diet fed to group C effectively boosted the immune responses and disease resistance of hybrid catfish against A. hydrophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pisey Say
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sukkrit Nimitkul
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anurak Bunnoy
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Uthairat Na-Nakorn
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetics, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Rd, Ladyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand; Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prapansak Srisapoome
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand.
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11
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Gong Z, Guo C, Wang J, Chen S, Hu G. Establishment and identification of a skin cell line from Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) and analysis of the changes in its transcriptome upon LPS stimulation. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 142:109119. [PMID: 37774902 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
The Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) holds significant economic importance within the fishing industry along the eastern coasts of China. In recent years, the frequent outbreaks of bacterial diseases have become a common concern as the aquaculture scale expands. The majority of the diseased fish exhibit symptoms such as skin congestion, damage and skin ulceration. As the skin serves as the first line of defense against bacterial infections, establishing a skin cell line for immunological research on Chinese tongue sole's response to bacterial infection is of utmost importance. In this study, a cell line named CSS (derived from the skin of the Chinese tongue sole) was successfully established. The cells have demonstrated stability during passages and exhibit a multipolar fibroblast-like morphology. They were cultured in L-15 medium with 20% serum and have been successfully passed through 60 passages over a period of 20 months. The identification of the mitochondrial CO1 gene confirmed that the cell originated from Chinese tongue sole. The karyotype detection revealed that the cell had a chromosome number of 2n = 42. After being stored in liquid nitrogen for 15 months, the cells can maintain more than 75% viability upon recovery. After transfecting with cy3-labeled scramble siRNA and pEGFP-N3 plasmid, clear fluorescence was observed in the transfected cells. We observed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli significantly upregulate the gene expression of various immune-related pathways at 2 h in the CSS cell line. Additionally, the differentially expressed genes showed a higher enrichment in immune-related pathways at 2 and 6 h after stimulation compared to the 24 h point. Moreover, we identified 347 genes that exhibited a gradual increase in expression during the 0-24 h stimulation period. These genes were primarily enriched in pathways related to Autophagy, GABAergic synapse, Apelin signaling and Ferroptosis. In general, the CSS cell line established in this study exhibits stable growth and can serve as a valuable tool for in vitro studies of immunology and other basic biologies of Chinese tongue sole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Gong
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Chenfei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Jiacheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Songlin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China.
| | - Guobin Hu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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12
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Yousefi M, Hoseini SM, Abdel Rahman AN, Vatnikov YA, Kulikov EV, Kharlitskaya EV, Seleznev SB. Effects of Dietary Limonene Supplementation on Growth Performance and Immunological Parameters of Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio, Challenged by Aeromonas hydrophila. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3197. [PMID: 37893921 PMCID: PMC10603678 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the impact of dietary limonene treatment on the growth performance, immune response, and disease resistance of common carp, Cyprinus carpio. The fish were fed with either a control diet (CTL; no limonene supplementation) or four experimental diets containing 50 (50 L), 100 (100 L), 200 (200 L), and 400 (400 L) mg/kg limonene over a 70-day period, followed by Aeromonas hydrophila challenge. The 200 L treatment resulted in a significant decrease in FCR compared to the CTL treatment. The highest post-challenge mortality was associated with the CTL treatment (62.7%), while the 200 L treatment had the lowest mortality (30.7%). Before the challenge, dietary limonene significantly increased humoral and skin mucosal immune parameters compared to the CTL treatment. The highest leukocyte, lymphocyte counts, skin mucosal protease activity, and intestinal lactic acid bacteria were observed in the 200 L treatment before the challenge. The highest plasma lysozyme activity was observed in the 400 L treatment, whereas the highest skin mucosal lysozyme and peroxidase activities were observed in the 100 L and 200 L treatments before the challenge. There were no significant differences in the blood neutrophil, monocyte, and eosinophil counts, humoral alternative complement activity, skin mucosal alkaline phosphatase activity, and the intestinal total viable bacteria among the treatments before the challenge. After the challenge, the 200 L treatment exhibited the highest leukocyte, neutrophil, and monocyte count, skin mucosal immune parameters, and intestinal lactic acid bacteria, whereas the highest blood eosinophil count was observed in the 100 L, 200 L, and 400 L treatments. At this time, the lowest blood lymphocyte counts were observed in the 100 L and 200 L, but the lowest intestinal total viable bacteria were observed in the 100 L, 200 L, and 400 L treatments. Based on these findings, dietary limonene at 200 mg/kg is ideal for common carp to promote feed efficiency, innate immunity boosting, and resistance against A. hydrophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Yousefi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, RUDN University, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russia; (Y.A.V.); (E.V.K.); (E.V.K.); (S.B.S.)
| | - Seyyed Morteza Hoseini
- Inland Waters Aquatics Resources Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Gorgan 4916687631, Iran
| | - Afaf N. Abdel Rahman
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig P.O. Box 44511, Egypt;
| | - Yury Anatolyevich Vatnikov
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, RUDN University, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russia; (Y.A.V.); (E.V.K.); (E.V.K.); (S.B.S.)
| | - Evgeny Vladimirovich Kulikov
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, RUDN University, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russia; (Y.A.V.); (E.V.K.); (E.V.K.); (S.B.S.)
| | - Elena Valentinovna Kharlitskaya
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, RUDN University, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russia; (Y.A.V.); (E.V.K.); (E.V.K.); (S.B.S.)
| | - Sergey Borisovich Seleznev
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, RUDN University, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russia; (Y.A.V.); (E.V.K.); (E.V.K.); (S.B.S.)
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13
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Espírito-Santo C, Guardiola FA, Ozório ROA, Magnoni LJ. Short-term swimming up-regulates pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2023; 284:111487. [PMID: 37437802 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.111487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic swimming exercise in fish has been shown to improve robustness of some species. However, the optimal conditions to be applied and the mechanisms underlying remain unknown. We investigated the effects of 6 h of induced swimming on the immune response of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), by analysing markers related to immune status in plasma, skin mucus, gills, heart and head-kidney. Forty fish were individually exercised in swim tunnels by applying different water currents: steady low (SL, 0.8 body lengths (BL) s-1), steady high (SH, 2.3 BL s-1), oscillating low (OL, 0.2/0.8 BL s-1) and oscillating high (OH, 0.8/2.3 BL s-1) velocities, including a non-exercised group with minimal water flow (MF, <0.1 BL s-1). Swimming conditions did not trigger a stress response or anaerobic metabolism, suggested by similar levels of cortisol, lactate, and glucose in plasma among groups. Blood haemoglobin and innate immune parameters in plasma and skin mucus also remained unaltered. However, decreased blood haematocrit was observed in fish swimming on the OL condition. Interestingly, gene expression analysis revealed that the OL condition led to the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory mediators (nfκb1 and mapk3) and cytokines (tnfα, il1β and il6) in gills. A similar response occurred in heart, with an up-regulation of nfκb1, tnfα, il6 and cox2 in the OL condition. Gene expression of these cytokines was unaltered in the head-kidney. The inflammatory response in gills and heart of gilthead seabream triggered by the OL condition highlights the importance of establishing suitable rearing conditions to improve welfare of cultured fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Espírito-Santo
- Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Francisco A Guardiola
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Rodrigo O A Ozório
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Leonardo J Magnoni
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Nelson, New Zealand
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14
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Serna-Duque JA, Espinosa-Ruiz C, Esteban MÁ. Hepcidin and piscidin modulation and antibacterial response in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) infected with Vibrio harveyi. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 139:108899. [PMID: 37353061 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Vibriosis is an infectious disease that generates large economic losses in Mediterranean aquaculture. Vibrio harveyi is one of the marine bacteria causing this disease, it is widespread in the Mediterranean Sea and causes ulcers on the skin of the fish it infects. In addition, the skin is a route of entry and colonization of this pathogen. In this study, one group of fish was injected intraperitoneally with phosphate buffered saline (control group) and another with V. harveyi (infected group). At 4 h after injection, samples of skin mucus, blood, skin, head kidney, liver, and spleen were collected to study the immune response generated. Liver histology showed notable alterations in hepatocyte morphology, such as increased vacuolization. Bactericidal activity was measured in skin mucus and serum against V. harveyi and V. anguillarum, different changes in this activity were recorded depending on the bacteria target and sample (skin mucus or serum) used. Gene expression of genes encoding hepcidins and piscidins (antimicrobial peptides) was performed in the mentioned organs. The results indicated a different expression according to the type of AMP and the tissue studied. Hepcidin appeared involved in all tissues studied while piscidins were in the spleen. In this study we have integrated hepcidin-piscidin modulation with the effects of infection on skin mucosa, serum and hepatocyte morphology. Knowing the changes produced in all these parameters improves the understanding of the infection in the first hours in sea bream and could have applications in the diagnosis or treatment of vibriosis in fish farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhon A Serna-Duque
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Cristóbal Espinosa-Ruiz
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Esteban
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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15
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Yousefi M, Naderi Farsani M, Ghafarifarsani H, Raeeszadeh M. Dietary Lactobacillus helveticus and Gum Arabic improves growth indices, digestive enzyme activities, intestinal microbiota, innate immunological parameters, antioxidant capacity, and disease resistance in common carp. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 135:108652. [PMID: 36863498 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed at determining the effects of Lactobacillus helveticus (LH), Gum Arabic (GA; natural prebiotic), and their combination as synbiotic on growth performance, digestive enzymes activity, gut microbiota, innate immunity status, antioxidant capacity, and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophyla in common carp, Cyprinus carpio for 8 weeks. For this, 735 common carp juveniles (Mean ± standard deviation; 22.51 ± 0.40 g) were fed with 7 different diets including basal diet (C), LH1 (1 × 107 CFU/g), LH2 (1 × 109 CFU/g), GA1 (0.5%), GA2 (1%), LH1+GA1 (1 × 107 CFU/g + 0.5%), and LH2+GA2 (1 × 109 CFU/g + 1%) for 8 weeks. Dietary supplementation with GA and/or LH significantly increased growth performance, WBC, serum total immunoglobulin, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, skin mucus lysozyme and total immunoglobulin and intestinal lactic acid bacteria. Whereas there were significant improvements in various parameters tested in different treatments, the highest improvement in growth performance, WBC, monocyte/neutrophil percentages, serum lysozyme, alternative complement, glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde, skin mucosal alkaline phosphatase, protease, and immunoglobulin, intestinal total bacterial count, protease and amylase activities were observed in the synbiotic treatments, particularly LH1+GA1. After an experimental infection with Aeromonas hydrophila, all experimental treatments exhibited significantly higher survival, compared to the control treatment. The highest survival was related to the synbiotic (particularly LH1+GA1), followed by prebiotic, and probiotic treatments. Overall, synbiotic containing 1 × 107 CFU/g LH + 0.5% GA can improve growth rate and feed efficiency in common carp. Moreover, the synbiotic can improve the antioxidant/innate immune systems and dominate lactic acid bacteria in the fish intestine that may be the reasons of the highest resistance against A. hydrophila infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Yousefi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St, 117198, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Mehdi Naderi Farsani
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Hamed Ghafarifarsani
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Raeeszadeh
- Department of Basic Sciences, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
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16
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Albaladejo-Riad N, Espinosa-Ruiz C, Esteban MÁ, Lazado CC. Skin mucus metabolomics provides insights into the interplay between diet and wound in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 134:108590. [PMID: 36746227 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The molecular processes underlying skin wound healing in several fish species have been elucidated in the last years, however, metabolomic insights are scarce. Here we report the skin mucus metabolome of wounded and non-wounded gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) fed with silk fibroin microparticles, a functional additive considered to accelerate the wound healing process. The three experimental diets (commercial diet enriched with 0 mg (control), 50 mg or 100 mg of silk fibroin microparticles Kg-1) were administered for 30 days and thereafter, a skin wound was inflicted. Skin mucus was collected on day 30 of feeding and 7 days post-wounding and subjected to metabolomic analysis by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with a high-resolution quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry. The most enriched metabolite class was amino acids and derivatives, followed by nucleotides, nucleosides and analogues and carbohydrates and their derivatives. Metabolomic profiles revealed that the diet had a more profound effect than wounding in skin mucus. Metabolic pathway analysis of significantly affected metabolites revealed perturbations in the aminoacyl t-RNA biosynthesis in the skin. In particular, skin wound resulted in a decreased methionine level in mucus. Further, silk fibroin supplementation increased methionine level in skin mucus, which correlated with several wound morphometric parameters that characterized the epithelial healing capacity in seabream. The results provided new insight into the physiological consequences of skin wounds and how these processes could be influenced by dietary manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Albaladejo-Riad
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology. Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Cristóbal Espinosa-Ruiz
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology. Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Esteban
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology. Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carlo C Lazado
- Nofima, The Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, 1433, Ås, Norway
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Li L, Liu D, Li X, Zhang B, Li C, Xiao Z, Liu M, Fang F, Deng N, Wang J. The dynamic changes of microbial diversity and biogenic amines in different parts of bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) head during storage at -2℃. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2023.105228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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18
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Abbasi M, Taheri Mirghaed A, Hoseini SM, Rajabiesterabadi H, Hoseinifar SH, Van Doan H. Effects of Dietary Glycine Supplementation on Growth Performance, Immunological, and Erythrocyte Antioxidant Parameters in Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030412. [PMID: 36766300 PMCID: PMC9913273 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of dietary glycine supplementation, 0 (control), 5 (5 GL), and 10 (10 GL) g/kg, have been investigated on growth performance, hematological parameters, erythrocyte antioxidant capacity, humoral and mucosal immunity in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. After eight weeks feeding, the 5 GL treatment exhibited significant improvement in growth performance and feed efficacy, compared to the control treatment. Red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) counts, hemoglobin, hematocrit, neutrophil and monocyte counts/percentages, RBC reduced glutathione (GSH) content, and skin mucosal alkaline phosphatase, peroxidase, protease, and lysozyme activities were similar in the glycine-treated fish and significantly higher than the control treatment. Blood lymphocyte percentage decreased in the glycine-treated fish, but lymphocyte count increased, compared to the control fish. RBC glutathione reductase activities in the glycine-treated fish were similar and significantly lower than the control treatment. The highest plasma lysozyme and alternative complement activities were observed in GL treatment. The glycine-treated fish, particularly 5 GL, exhibited significant improvement in RBC osmotic fragility resistance. Dietary glycine had no significant effects on RBC glutathione peroxidase activity, plasma immunoglobulin, eosinophil percentage/count, and hematological indices. In conclusion, most of the benefits of dietary glycine supplementation may be mediated by increased glutathione synthesis and antioxidant power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Abbasi
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara 4361996196, Iran
| | - Ali Taheri Mirghaed
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 14119963111, Iran
| | - Seyyed Morteza Hoseini
- Inland Waters Aquatics Resources Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Gorgan 4916687631, Iran
| | - Hamid Rajabiesterabadi
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Azadshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Golestan 8998549617, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan 4913815739, Iran
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan 4913815739, Iran
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-53-941-000
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Response of Intestinal Microbiota of Tiger Puffer ( Takifugu rubripes) to the Fish Oil Finishing Strategy. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11010208. [PMID: 36677500 PMCID: PMC9862291 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The fish oil finishing (FOF) strategy, that is, re-feeding fish with fish oil (FO)-based diet after a certain period of feeding with alternative lipid source-based diets. On tiger puffer, the present study investigated the response of intestinal microbiota to FOF. Fish were fed four diets based on FO, soybean oil, palm oil and beef tallow as lipid sources, respectively, firstly for 50 days (growing-out period), and then fed the FO-based diet for 30 more days (FOF period). The results showed that dietary terrestrially sourced oils impaired the intestinal function in the growing-out period. However, the activities of amylase, trypsin and anti-oxidative enzymes (SOD, CAT, T-AOC), as well as gene expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, TGF-β) and tight junction protein (Claudin4, Claudin7, Claudin18, JAM, ZO-1) in the intestine were significantly recovered by FOF. The 16S rDNA sequencing analysis showed that FOF improved the similarity of bacterial community among the groups. The MetaStat analysis confirmed that FOF regulated the abundance of butyric acid-producing bacteria (Lachnospiraceae, Eubacterium, Butyricicoccus, Clostridium and Roseburia) and bacteria related to digestion and absorption (Sphingomonas, Romboutsia and Brevibacillus). In conclusion, FOF can recover the intestine function. The intestinal microbiota probably participated in and played a key role in the recovery process.
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Mansour C, Esteban MÁ, Hacene OR, Mosbahi DS, Guardiola FA. Comparative study of immunological biomarkers in the carpet shell clams (Ruditapes decussatus) from metal-contaminated sites in the South Lagoon of Tunis (Tunisia). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:12059-12074. [PMID: 36103068 PMCID: PMC9898382 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22902-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The South Lagoon of Tunis (Tunisia) is a Mediterranean lagoon adversely affected by industrial contaminants, harbour activity and untreated urban sewage. In this lagoon, the clam Ruditapes decussatus has been widely used as a biomonitor of seawater pollution through measurements of parameters related to oxidative stress and neurotoxicity. However, few studies have considered parameters of the immune system of this species in the South Lagoon of Tunis. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to evaluate several immune-related parameters in the cell-free haemolymph of carpet shell clams sampled during August and February from three polluted sites in the South Lagoon of Tunis (S1, S2 and S3) and one less polluted site as a reference site (RS) in order to identify suitable biomarkers for environmental quality assessments of this ecosystem. Concerning the immune-related parameters, seasonal factors modulated phenoloxidase, lysozyme, protease and esterase activity, with lower values measured for samples collected in August than for samples collected in February. In fact, bactericidal activity against two of the pathogenic bacteria tested and the activity of most immune-related enzymes were reduced in the cell-free haemolymph of clams collected from the most sampling sites in August compared to February one. In addition, values of abiotic parameters (temperature, salinity and pH) and metal (cadmium, copper, iron, lead and zinc) concentrations in the clams' soft tissues, previously obtained and published by the authors, as well as the values of immune-related parameters were integrated using principal component analyses. Results indicated that the values of all measured immune-related parameters were negatively correlated with the temperature values and the variations most of these parameters highlighted that the chemical industrial area (S3) was the most impacted location within the South Lagoon of Tunis. The present study illustrates that the immune-related parameters measured in carpet shell clam cell-free haemolymph represent suitable biomarkers for environmental quality assessments because they provide effective seasonal and spatial discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chalbia Mansour
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - María Ángeles Esteban
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Omar Rouane Hacene
- Laboratoire Réseau de Surveillance Environnementale (LRSE), Department of Biology, University of Oran, 1 Ahmed Ben Bella, BP 1524 El M'naouer, 31000, Oran, Algeria
| | - Dalila Saidane Mosbahi
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Francisco Antonio Guardiola
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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21
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Rouhani E, Safari R, Imanpour MR, Hoseinifar SH, Yazici M, El-Haroun E. Effect of Dietary Administration of Green Macroalgae ( Ulva intestinalis) on Mucosal and Systemic Immune Parameters, Antioxidant Defence, and Related Gene Expression in Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2022; 2022:7693468. [PMID: 36860428 PMCID: PMC9973132 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7693468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of adding green macroalgae gutweed (Ulva intestinalis) powder to zebrafish (Danio rerio) feed at different levels on innate immune responses, antioxidant defence, and gene expression. A total of 600 zebrafish (0.3 ± 0.08 g) were randomly allocated to 12 aquariums in four treatments with three replicates (50 fish per aquarium). Zebrafish were fed with different levels of U. intestinalis powder 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1% for eight weeks. Whole-body extract (WBE) immune parameters including total protein level, globulin level, and lysozyme activity were evaluated and revealed statistically significant increased in all U. intestinalis supplemented groups compared to the control (P < 0.05). However, mucus immune parameters (total protein, globulin, and lysozyme) were statistically different in only 1% gutweed supplemented groups from other groups. While glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased with the addition of gutweed (P < 0.05), catalase (CAT) did not change (P > 0.05). The study results showed that dietary gutweed remarkably upregulated immune-related genes such as lysozyme (Lyz) and Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β). Antioxidant-related genes (SOD and CAT) and growth-related genes, including growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1), were remarkably upregulated with gutweed treatment (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary U. intestinalis showed beneficial effects on immunity, and same effects were observed in case of antioxidant and growth related genes expression in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Rouhani
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Roghieh Safari
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Imanpour
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Metin Yazici
- Iskenderun Technical University, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technology, Iskenderun, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Ehab El-Haroun
- Fish Nutrition Research Laboratory, Animal Production Department Faculty of Agriculture Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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22
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Abolfathi M, Akbarzadeh A, Hajimoradloo A, Joshaghani HR, Ross NW. Seasonal variations in the skin epidermal structure and mucosal immune parameters of rainbow trout skin (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at different stages of farming. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:965-974. [PMID: 35843528 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the seasonal changes in the epidermal structure and the innate immunity parameters of skin mucus in rainbow trout. The skin epidermis and mucus samples were collected over three consecutive seasons including winter, spring and late summer from three different weight groups i.e., 2-20 g (W1), 100-200 g (W2) and 400-600 g (W3) fish. The skin mucosal immunity analysis of rainbow trout showed that the haemagglutination activity increased significantly with increasing fish size from W1 to W3 in all three seasons, while no significant seasonal changes occurred in haemagglutination activity. Moreover, the bactericidal activity against fish pathogens increased significantly with increasing water bacterial load in late summer. The SDS-PAGE analysis of mucus showed a high amount of low molecular weight proteins (<35 kDa) in the late summer that was correlated with the increase in bactericidal activity. Histological analysis of the epidermis structure of rainbow trout skin showed that the density and size of goblet cells and consequently the mucus secretion significantly increased in W3 group in all seasons. In all three weight groups of fish, the density of goblet cells significantly increased from winter to spring and late summer along with increasing water temperature. Moreover, the goblet cell density showed a significant positive relationship with the soluble protein concentration and haemagglutination activity (p < 0.01). The results of this study demonstrated the more active immune role of the skin epidermal cells and mucus in rainbow trout during summer to protect fish against the pathogenic microorganisms. Given its potent bactericidal properties and the lack of haemolytic activity, the rainbow trout mucus might be used as a safe and inexpensive source for developing antimicrobial agents to prevent and treat some bacterial diseases in human and fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Abolfathi
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Arash Akbarzadeh
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Abdolmajid Hajimoradloo
- Department of Fisheries, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Joshaghani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Golestan University of Medical Sciences School of Paramedicine, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Neil W Ross
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
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23
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Skin Mucus as a Relevant Low-Invasive Biological Matrix for the Measurement of an Acute Stress Response in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14111754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Skin mucus is a non-lethal and low-invasive matrix appropriate to assess fish welfare as it contributes to their defence against external aggressions and reflects changes in fish health status. However, more information on the response of this matrix to specific stressors is needed. In this study, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) specimens were subjected to an acute stress by air exposure and sampled after 1, 6, and 24 h post-stress. Blood and skin mucus were collected, and a battery of biochemical biomarkers were measured in both matrices. Cortisol and glucose values showed the expected classical stress response in plasma, increasing after the acute stress. The same pattern was observed in skin mucus, corroborating previous data in fish, and allowing us to confirm that skin mucus can be a useful complementary matrix for stress assessment in fish. The results showed sensitivity to hypoxic stress in skin mucus for cortisol, glucose, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine kinase (CK), and calcium. From the 15 parameters evaluated, 12 did not show statistically significant changes between plasma and mucus; therefore, using skin mucus cannot replace the use of plasma. Finally, the principal component analysis in skin mucus revealed a complete separation between the two experimental groups, being ALP, AST, glucose, cortisol, and CK, the biomarkers that contributed the most to this separation.
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24
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Yang S, Xu W, Tan C, Li M, Li D, Zhang C, Feng L, Chen Q, Jiang J, Li Y, Du Z, Luo W, Li C, Gong Q, Huang X, Du X, Du J, Liu G, Wu J. Heat Stress Weakens the Skin Barrier Function in Sturgeon by Decreasing Mucus Secretion and Disrupting the Mucosal Microbiota. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:860079. [PMID: 35558118 PMCID: PMC9087187 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.860079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress induced by global warming has damaged the well-being of aquatic animals. The skin tissue plays a crucial role as a defense barrier to protect organism, however, little is known about the effect of heat stress on fish skin, particularly in cold-water fish species. Here, we investigated the effects of mild heat stress (24°C, MS) and high heat stress (28°C, HS) on Siberian sturgeon skin using RNA-seq, histological observation, and microbial diversity analysis. In RNA-seq, 8,819 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in MS vs. C group and 12,814 DEGs in HS vs. C group were acquired, of which the MS vs. C and HS vs. C groups shared 3,903 DEGs, but only 1,652 DEGs were successfully annotated. The shared DEGs were significantly enriched in pathways associating with mucins synthesis. Histological observation showed that the heat stresses significantly reduced the number of skin mucous cells and induced the damages of epidermis. The microbial diversity analysis elicited that heat stress markedly disrupted the diversity and abundance of skin microbiota by increasing of potential pathogens (Vibrionimonas, Mesorhizobium, and Phyllobacterium) and decreasing of probiotics (Bradyrhizobium and Methylovirgula). In conclusion, this study reveals that heat stress causes adverse effects on sturgeon skin, reflecting in decreasing the mucus secretion and disordering the mucosal microbiota, which may contribute to develop the preventive strategy for heat stress caused by global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyong Yang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenqiang Xu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaolun Tan
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Minghao Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Datian Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaoyang Zhang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Langkun Feng
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianyu Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunkun Li
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Zongjun Du
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Caiyi Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Quan Gong
- Fisheries Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaogang Du
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Jun Du
- Fisheries Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangxun Liu
- Fisheries Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayun Wu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
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25
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Le Xuan C, Wannavijit S, Outama P, Montha N, Lumsangkul C, Tongsiri S, Chitmanat C, Hoseinifar SH, Van Doan H. Effects of dietary rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) peel powder on growth performance, immune response and immune-related gene expressions of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) raised in biofloc system. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 124:134-141. [PMID: 35367378 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of rambutan peel powder (RP) on growth, skin mucosal and serum immunities, and immune-related gene expression of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) reared in a biofloc system. Three hundred fingerlings (17.14 ± 0.12 g fish-1) were randomly selected and assigned to five treatments corresponding to five diets: 0 g kg-1 (control - RP0); 10 g kg-1 (RP10); 20 g kg-1 (RP20); 40 g kg-1 (RP40), and 80 g kg-1 (RP80) for 8 weeks. At weeks 4 and 8 post-feeding, growth, skin mucus, and serum immunity parameters were determined, whereas immune-related gene expressions were performed at the end of the feeding trial. Based on the results, skin mucus lysozyme (SML) and skin mucus peroxidase (SMP) were significantly higher in fish fed the RP diets compared to the control diet (P < 0.05). The highest SML and SMP levels were observed in fish fed RP40 diet, followed by RP20, RP80, RP10, and RP0. Fish-fed RP diets had higher serum lysozyme and serum peroxidase activities, with the highest value found in the RP40 diet (P < 0.05), followed by RP20, RP80, and RP10. Similarly, immune-related gene expressions (IFN2a, IFN2b, and MHCII) in the liver were significantly up-regulated in fish fed RP40. Up-regulation (P < 0.05) of IL-1, IFN2a, IFN2b, and MHCII genes was also observed in fish intestines, with the highest values observed in fish fed RP40 diet, followed by RP10, RP20, RP80, and RP0. Fish-fed diet RP diets also showed enhanced growth and FCR compared to the control, with the highest values observed in fish fed diet RP40. However, no significant differences in survival rates were found among diets. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of RP at 40 g kg-1 resulted in better growth performance, immune response, and immune related gene expressions of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinh Le Xuan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Supreya Wannavijit
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Piyatida Outama
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Napatsorn Montha
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Chompunut Lumsangkul
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Sudaporn Tongsiri
- Faculty of Fisheries Technology and Aquatic Resources, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand
| | - Chanagun Chitmanat
- Faculty of Fisheries Technology and Aquatic Resources, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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26
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Albaladejo-Riad N, Espinosa Ruiz C, Esteban MÁ. Dietary administration of silk microparticles improves the epidermal and dermal regeneration after a skin wounding in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 124:92-106. [PMID: 35378308 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The impact of dietary supplementation with silk fibroin (SF) microparticles on the wound healing process in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) skin was studied. A control diet was enriched with different SF levels: 0 (control), 50 (SF50 diet), and 100 (SF100 diet) mg Kg-1 to form three experimental diets and was fed to seabream for 30 days. Experimental wounds were performed and after 7 days post-wounding (dpw) skin mucus immunity, macroscopic wound closure, and skin regeneration were studied at a microscopic and genetic level. Results indicated that fish fed SF100 did not suffer the decreases in protease and IgM levels observed in the skin mucus of wounded fish fed with the control diet. Macroscopic findings illustrated that dietary SF100 significantly improved the wound closure ratio compared to those reared in the control group. At a microscopic level, changes in the shape of keratocyte cells were evident in the wounded fish. In addition, the intercellular spaces present between epidermal cells and their proliferation in the epidermis, as well as the presence of blood vessels in the dermis were significantly statistically higher in the skin of fish fed the SF100 diet and sampled at 7 dpw compared to those observed in the skin of fish fed the control or SF50 diets. Moreover, regarding the RNA: DNA ratio, statistically significant increases and decreases were observed in fish fed the control and SF100 diet, respectively, in non-wounded and wounded fish. Interestingly, dietary SF100 supplementation improved skin cell proliferation, enhanced the inflammatory phase, and increased the expression of important genes involved in tissue repair and extracellular matrix formation. In conclusion, the SF100 diet can be considered as an appropriate feed additive to improve wound healing in gilthead seabream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Albaladejo-Riad
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus of International Excellence, Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Cristóbal Espinosa Ruiz
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus of International Excellence, Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Esteban
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus of International Excellence, Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
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27
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Hoseinifar SH, Fazelan Z, Bayani M, Yousefi M, Van Doan H, Yazici M. Dietary red macroalgae (Halopithys incurva) improved systemic an mucosal immune and antioxidant parameters and modulated related gene expression in zebrafish (Danio rerio). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 123:164-171. [PMID: 35218971 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the effects of dietary Halopithys incurva, a red macroalgae species, (0.25, 0.50, 1%) on whole-body serum and skin mucus immune system, antioxidant system and expression of various genes in zebrafish were investigated. At the end of the 8-week study, total protein, total immunoglobulin and lysozyme activities in whole-body serum and skin mucus increased in fish fed H. incurva (P < 0.05). While an increase was observed in superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) which are antioxidant enzyme activities in whole-body serum and skin mucus, a decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels was detected (P < 0.05). All of the immune-related genes examined, such as Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interferon-gamma (INF- γ), were upregulated by the addition of 0.5% H. incurva (P < 0.05). While SOD and GPx, which are antioxidant enzyme-related genes, were remarkably upregulated in macroalgae fed fish (P < 0.05), no change was observed in CAT gene expression (P > 0.05). Based on the results of this study, it is considered that the addition of 0.5% H. incurva to the diets of commercially farmed fish will increase their immune and antioxidant defences and may contribute to the aquaculture sector for more sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Zohreh Fazelan
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Mahsan Bayani
- Radin Makian Azma Mehr Ltd, Radinmehr Veterinary Laboratory, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Morteza Yousefi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Metin Yazici
- Iskenderun Technical University, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technology, Iskenderun, Hatay, Turkey
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28
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Freitas J, Silva P, Perestrelo R, Vaz-Pires P, Câmara JS. Improved approach based on MALDI-TOF MS for establishment of the fish mucus protein pattern for geographic discrimination of Sparus aurata. Food Chem 2022; 372:131237. [PMID: 34627094 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Food fraud is still a recurrent practice throughout food supply chains. In the case of seafood, misidentification of species and products repackaging constitute the most common frauds. Therefore, the development of appropriate analytical approaches to be used against food fraud is necessary. The present study goal is to explore for the first time, the possibility to differentiate between Sparus aurata from two different mariculture farms located in Madeira Island (Caniçal and Ribeira Brava), using the mass fingerprint of fish mucus obtained from MALDI-TOF MS and analyzed using Mass-UP software for multivariate statistical analysis and biomarker identification. It was possible to establish, from the mucus protein fraction, a set of potential biomarkers for each location in a total of 35 peaks, being 17 peaks specific to Caniçal located farm and 18 to Ribeira Brava. The proposed analytical approach revealed a useful strategy providing accurate and fast results for fish geographical origin discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Freitas
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9000-390 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Pedro Silva
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9000-390 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Rosa Perestrelo
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9000-390 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Paulo Vaz-Pires
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões, Av. General Norton De Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - José S Câmara
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9000-390 Funchal, Portugal; Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Engenharia, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9000-390 Funchal, Portugal
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29
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Cámara-Ruiz M, García-Beltrán JM, Cerezo IM, Balebona MC, Moriñigo MÁ, Esteban MÁ. Immunomodulation and skin microbiota perturbations during an episode of chronic stress in gilthead seabream. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 122:234-245. [PMID: 35172213 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fish stress is a major concern in the aquaculture industry. Many stressors coming from routine practices can predispose fish to compromised growth, immunity and overall health. This study focuses on the characterization of the skin microbiota using next generation sequencing (NGS) platform by targeting a genomic marker 16S and to determine growth performance and immune status of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) during an episode of chronic stress. Two groups were established: control group and chronically stressed group. Stressed fish were subjected to 1 min air exposure twice a week for 4 weeks. Results showed that stress negatively affected fish growth performance. Cellular and humoral systemic immunity remained unaffected while local immunity in skin was positively stimulated (total IgM and peroxidase). Skin mucus microbial composition showed significant differences especially after 14 days. Stressed fish showed a decrease in the abundance of the genera Acinetobacter, NS3a_marine_group and Pseudomonas, while Pseudoalteromonas and Marinagarivorans increased significantly. In conclusion, air exposure stress was associated with alterations in skin mucosal immunity and microbial composition that may have been beneficial to the host favoring adaptation to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Cámara-Ruiz
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology. Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - José María García-Beltrán
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology. Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Isabel M Cerezo
- Bioinformatics Unit, Supercomputing and Bioinnovation Center, Technological Park, University of Málaga, 29590, Málaga, Spain
| | - M Carmen Balebona
- Group of Prophylaxis and Biocontrol of Fish Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Campus de Teatinos s/n, University of Málaga, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Moriñigo
- Group of Prophylaxis and Biocontrol of Fish Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Campus de Teatinos s/n, University of Málaga, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Esteban
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology. Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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Van Doan H, Lumsangkul C, Hoseinifar SH, Jaturasitha S, Tran HQ, Chanbang Y, Ringø E, Stejskal V. Influences of spent coffee grounds on skin mucosal and serum immunities, disease resistance, and growth rate of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reared under biofloc system. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 120:67-74. [PMID: 34774734 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The study was executed to find out the potential effects spent coffee ground (SCG) on Nile tilapia's skin mucosal and serum immunities, disease prevention, and growth rate reared in a biofloc system. Nile tilapia fingerlings (average weight 15.25 ± 0.07 g) were disseminated into 15 aquaria (150 L tank-1) at a density of 20 fish per aquarium and treated five diets: SCG1 (control), SCG2 (10 g kg-1), SCG3 (20 g kg-1), SCG4 (40 g kg-1), and SCG5 (80 g kg-1) for eight weeks. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications was applied. Growth rate, skin mucus, and serum immunities were quantified every 4 weeks; whereas the challenge study was conducted at the termination of the feeding trial. The outputs indicated that dietary incorporation of SCG give rise to the enhancement of SGR and FCR in comparison with the control, with best levels noted in fish fed SCG2 diet. Similarly, significant enhancements in skin mucosal and serum immunities were revealed in fish treated SCG2 over the control and other SCG diets. Likewise, higher survival rates against Streptococcus agalactiae were displayed in fish fed SCG, with the maximum level displayed in the fish treated SCG2. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of SCG2 (10 g kg-1) can be potential used as immunostimulants in tilapia aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Chompunut Lumsangkul
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Sanchai Jaturasitha
- Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Keaw Rd., Suthep, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Hung Quang Tran
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, Na Sádkách 1780, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Yaowaluk Chanbang
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Einar Ringø
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Bioscience, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Vlastimil Stejskal
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, Na Sádkách 1780, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Lutz TM, Kimna C, Casini A, Lieleg O. Bio-based and bio-inspired adhesives from animals and plants for biomedical applications. Mater Today Bio 2022; 13:100203. [PMID: 35079700 PMCID: PMC8777159 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
With the "many-headed" slime mold Physarum polycelphalum having been voted the unicellular organism of the year 2021 by the German Society of Protozoology, we are reminded that a large part of nature's huge variety of life forms is easily overlooked - both by the general public and researchers alike. Indeed, whereas several animals such as mussels or spiders have already inspired many scientists to create novel materials with glue-like properties, there is much more to discover in the flora and fauna. Here, we provide an overview of naturally occurring slimy substances with adhesive properties and categorize them in terms of the main chemical motifs that convey their stickiness, i.e., carbohydrate-, protein-, and glycoprotein-based biological glues. Furthermore, we highlight selected recent developments in the area of material design and functionalization that aim at making use of such biological compounds for novel applications in medicine - either by conjugating adhesive motifs found in nature to biological or synthetic macromolecules or by synthetically creating (multi-)functional materials, which combine adhesive properties with additional, problem-specific (and sometimes tunable) features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa M. Lutz
- School of Engineering and Design, Department of Materials Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, Garching, 85748, Germany
- Center for Protein Assemblies, Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Str. 8, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Ceren Kimna
- School of Engineering and Design, Department of Materials Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, Garching, 85748, Germany
- Center for Protein Assemblies, Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Str. 8, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Angela Casini
- Chair of Medicinal and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Oliver Lieleg
- School of Engineering and Design, Department of Materials Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, Garching, 85748, Germany
- Center for Protein Assemblies, Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Str. 8, Garching, 85748, Germany
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32
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Magalhães R, Guardiola F, Guerreiro I, Fontinha F, Moutinho S, Olsen R, Peres H, Oliva-Teles A. Effect of different dietary arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acid content on selected immune parameters in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2021; 2:100014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2021.100014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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González-Silvera D, Cuesta A, Esteban MÁ. Immune defence mechanisms presented in liver homogenates and bile of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 99:1958-1967. [PMID: 34486119 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Because the role of the liver of fishes in providing possible immunity remains largely unknown, the aim of this work was to identify and characterize different humoral defence mechanisms in the liver homogenates and bile of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) for the first time. Total protein levels and several immune parameters (complement activity, lysozyme and immunoglobulin M level) were studied. Furthermore, the activity of some lytic (proteases, antiproteases, esterase, alkaline phosphatase) and antioxidant (superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase) enzymes was determined. Finally, bacteriostatic activity on three opportunist fish pathogens (Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio angillarum and Photobacterium damselae) was measured. Lysozyme and antiprotease activity were undetected in liver and bile, while natural haemolytic complement activity was only detected in bile, and immunoglobulin M was detected in both samples. The levels of proteases, esterase and antioxidant enzymes were greater in bile than in liver homogenates, while the level of alkaline phosphatase was very low in both samples. In addition, while no bacteriostatic activity was detected on liver homogenates, the bile revealed a very potent bacteriostatic activity against all the tested pathogenic bacteria. These results corroborate that fish liver - especially fish bile - contains many factors involved in innate immunity that could be useful for better understanding the role of the liver as an organ involved in fish immune functions as well as the possible contribution of bile to gut mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel González-Silvera
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Maria Ángeles Esteban
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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34
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Fernández-Alacid L, Firmino JP, Sanahuja I, Madrid C, Polo J, de Borba MR, Balsalobre C, Gisbert E, Ibarz A. Impact of dietary porcine blood by-products in meagre (Argyrosomus regius) physiology, evaluated by welfare biomarkers and the antibacterial properties of the skin mucus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 118:241-250. [PMID: 34530078 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tools are required for quick and easy preliminary evaluation of functional feeds efficiency on fisheries. The analysis of skin mucus biomarkers is a recent alternative approach providing a faster feed-back from the laboratory which is characterized by being less invasive, more rapid and with reduced costs. The effect of replacing fishmeal and fish protein hydrolysates by means of two porcine by-products, the porcine spray-dried plasma (SDPP) and pig protein hydrolysate (PPH), in compound diets (50.4% crude protein, 16.2% crude protein, 22.1 MJ/kg feed) was evaluated in juvenile meagre (Argyrosomus regius) during a two-months period. To determine the impact of these dietary replacements, growth and food performance were measured together with digestive enzymes activities and filet proximal composition. Additionally, skin mucus was collected and characterized by determining main mucus biomarkers (protein, glucose, lactate, cortisol, and antioxidant capacity) and its antibacterial properties, measured by the quick in vitro co-culture challenges. In comparison to the control group, the inclusion of PPH and SDPP, in meagre diets reduced growth (7.4-8.8% in body weight), increased feed conversion ratios (9.0-10.0%), results that were attributed to a reduction in feed intake values (24.2-33.0%) (P < 0.05). Porcine blood by-products did not modify the activity of gastric and pancreatic digestive enzymes as well as those involved in nutrient absorption (alkaline phosphatase) nor liver oxidative stress condition (P > 0.05). In contrast, a reduction in fillet lipid content associated to an increase in fillet protein levels were found in fish fed SDPP and PPH diets (P < 0.05). As compared to the control diet, the dietary replacement did not alter the levels of the skin mucus biomarkers related to stress (cortisol and antioxidant capacity) or nutritional status (soluble protein, glucose and lactate) (P > 0.05). Interestingly, regardless of the worst performance in somatic growth, meagre fed diets containing both tested porcine by-products showed a significantly improved antibacterial capacity of their skin mucus. This enhancement was more prominent for fish fed with the PPH diet, which may be attributed to a higher content of immunomodulatory bioactive compounds in PPH. Further research will be necessary to provide insights on how the inclusion of SDPP and PPH, at the expense of dietary fishmeal and fish protein hydrolysates, affects feed intake and growth performance in meagre. However, the use of skin mucus biomarkers has been demonstrated to be an excellent methodology for a preliminary characterization of the functional feeds, in particular for their prophylactic properties by the study of mucus antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fernández-Alacid
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona. Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Joana P Firmino
- IRTA-SCR, Aquaculture Program, 43540, Sant Carles de La Ràpita, Spain
| | - Ignasi Sanahuja
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona. Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Madrid
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona. Avda. Diagonal 643. 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Polo
- APC Europe SL, Avda. Sant Julià 246-258, 08403, Granollers, Spain
| | - Maude R de Borba
- Federal University of Southern Frontier (UFFS), Campus Laranjeiras do Sul, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Carlos Balsalobre
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona. Avda. Diagonal 643. 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enric Gisbert
- IRTA-SCR, Aquaculture Program, 43540, Sant Carles de La Ràpita, Spain.
| | - Antoni Ibarz
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona. Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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35
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Evaluating Japanese dace (Tribolodon hakonensis) fish freshness during storage using multispectral images from visible and UV excited fluorescence. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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36
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Zheng T, Song Z, Qiang J, Tao Y, Zhu H, Ma J, Xu P. Transport Stress Induces Skin Innate Immunity Response in Hybrid Yellow Catfish ( Tachysurus fulvidraco♀ × P. vachellii♂) Through TLR/NLR Signaling Pathways and Regulation of Mucus Secretion. Front Immunol 2021; 12:740359. [PMID: 34712228 PMCID: PMC8545808 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.740359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The transport of live fish is a necessary step for commercial production. The skin of teleost fish is the first non-specific immune barrier against exogenous stimuli, and it plays an important protective role under transport stress. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the skin responses to transport stress in hybrid yellow catfish (Tachysurus fulvidraco♀ × Pseudobagrus vachellii♂) through transcriptome and biochemical analyses. Water samples were collected during a simulated transport treatment. Biochemical indexes and/or gene expression in blood, skin, and mucus in fish in control groups and transport-stress groups (0 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 16 h) were assayed. The levels of total ammonia-nitrogen and nitrite-nitrogen in the water increased with increasing transport time. Comparison of skin transcriptomes between the control group and the group subjected to 16 h of transport revealed 1547 differentially expressed genes (868 up-regulated and 679 down-regulated). The results of the transcriptome analysis were validated by analyses of the expression levels of selected genes by qRT-PCR. The results indicated that the toll-like receptors and nod-like receptors signaling pathways mediate the skin's immune response to transport stress: tlr9, mfn2, and ikbke were significantly up-regulated and nfkbia and map3k7cl were significantly down-regulated under transport stress. With increasing transport time, lysozyme activity and the immunoglobulin M content in skin mucus first increased and then decreased. The number of mucous cells peaked at 8 h of transport stress, and then decreased. The mucus cells changed from types II and IV to types I, II, III, and IV. The amounts of red and white blood cells and the levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit first increased and then decreased during 16 h of transport stress. Together, the results showed that the skin responds to transport stress by activating the immune signaling pathway and regulating mucus secretion. These findings have important biological significance for selecting strains that tolerate transport, as well as economic significance for optimizing the transport conditions for scaleless fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zheng
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhuo Song
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jun Qiang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Yifan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Haojun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Junlei Ma
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Pao Xu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
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37
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Cecchini Gualandi S, Giangaspero B, Di Palma T, Macchia G, Carluccio A, Boni R. Oxidative profile and protease regulator potential to predict sperm functionality in donkey (Equus asinus). Sci Rep 2021; 11:20551. [PMID: 34654898 PMCID: PMC8521582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99972-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Seminal plasma (SP) of donkey stallions was evaluated using various oxidative stress parameters as well as protease and protease inhibitor activities. SP was obtained by nine donkey stallions. In addition, one donkey stallion with non-obstructive azoospermia was enrolled in this study. Free radical scavenging activity (FRSA), the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total thiol level (TTL) were highly correlated with each other and with the protease inhibitor activity. However, only FRAP, TAC, and the nitrate/nitrite concentration (NOx) were significantly correlated with sperm concentration, production, and kinetics. Protease inhibitor activity was highly correlated with sperm concentration and production; however, it did not correlate with sperm kinetics. The azoospermic stallion produced a lower amount of semen than the normospermic stallions and its SP showed a lower antioxidant activity when evaluated with FRAP, TAC, and TTL as well as a higher NOx and a lower protease inhibitor activity. In conclusion, the evaluation of SP oxidative profile by FRAP, TAC, and NOx may provide reliable information on donkey sperm quality whereas protease inhibitor activity may play a role as a marker of the sperm concentration in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brunella Giangaspero
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Loc. Piano d'Accio, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Tommaso Di Palma
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Campus Macchia Romana, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Macchia
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Campus Macchia Romana, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Augusto Carluccio
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Loc. Piano d'Accio, 64100, Teramo, Italy.
| | - Raffaele Boni
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Campus Macchia Romana, 85100, Potenza, Italy.
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38
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Campos-Sánchez JC, Guardiola FA, García Beltrán JM, Ceballos-Francisco D, Esteban MÁ. Effects of subcutaneous injection of λ/κ-carrageenin on the immune and liver antioxidant status of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:1449-1462. [PMID: 34032302 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the acute inflammatory response induced by subcutaneous injection of carrageenin (1%) or phosphate-buffered saline (control) in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Skin mucus, serum, head kidney (HK) and liver were sampled at 1.5, 3 and 6 hr post-injection (p.i.) to determine the immune and antioxidant status of this fish species. The skin mucus of the carrageenin group showed increased superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities, lysozyme abundance, bactericidal activity against Vibrio anguillarum and Photobacterium damselae, and total immunoglobulins compared with those of the control group. However, the carrageenin-injected fish sampled at 6 hr p.i. showed decreased protease activity in the skin mucus and peroxidase activity in the HK leucocytes compared with the control. Moreover, the carrageenin injection had no effects on the systemic immune system, but it reduced the liver catalase activities at both 3 and 6 hr in the carrageenin group relative to those in the control group. The expression levels of several proinflammatory and cell marker genes in the HK and liver were also determined. In the HK, the expression levels of interleukin-1β and prostaglandin D synthase 1 were upregulated at 1.5 and 3 hr, respectively, in the carrageenin group compared with those in the control group. Contrarily, the expression of the NADPH oxidase subunit phox40 (an acidophilic granulocyte marker) in the carrageenin group at 6 hr was downregulated compared with that in the control group. These results suggested that subcutaneous injection of κ/λ-carrageenin in gilthead seabream triggered an acute skin inflammation characterized by the rapid recruitment of acidophilic granulocytes and the release of humoral mediators into the skin mucus.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Campos-Sánchez
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco A Guardiola
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - José María García Beltrán
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Diana Ceballos-Francisco
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Esteban
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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39
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Brandts I, Balasch JC, Gonçalves AP, Martins MA, Pereira ML, Tvarijonaviciute A, Teles M, Oliveira M. Immuno-modulatory effects of nanoplastics and humic acids in the European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 414:125562. [PMID: 34030413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pernicious effects of plastic particles, emergent contaminants worldwide, have been described in different species. In teleost species, alterations of immune function after exposure to nanoplastics (NPs) have been reported, but the interaction with cortisol - hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPI) axis has not yet been explored. Furthermore, the role of dissolved organic matter on the effects of NPs is poorly known. Thus, the aims of this research were to assess if polystyrene NPs (PSNPs) acted as a stressor on juvenile European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), interfering with the immune response, as well as to elucidate if humic acids (HA) modulated the potential effects of PSNPs. A short-term exposure to PSNPs and HA elicited an immuno-modulatory response, with an activation of steroidogenic stress-related pathways. An upregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokine (il10, tgfb) and stress-related (mc2r, gr1) transcripts were observed after exposure to HA and PSNPs both individually and in co-exposure. No notable alteration of inflammatory markers was consistently found, which may reflect a protective anti-inflammatory effect of HA in the presence of PSNPs. Nevertheless, there seems to be a more complex interaction between both components. Overall, data show that understanding the interaction of NPs with dissolved organic substances is key to deciphering their environmental risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Brandts
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J C Balasch
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A P Gonçalves
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M A Martins
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M L Pereira
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A Tvarijonaviciute
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis INTERLAB-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - M Teles
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Oliveira
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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40
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Conforto E, Vílchez-Gómez L, Parrinello D, Parisi MG, Esteban MÁ, Cammarata M, Guardiola FA. Role of mucosal immune response and histopathological study in European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) intraperitoneal challenged by Vibrio anguillarum or Tenacibaculum soleae. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 114:330-339. [PMID: 34015481 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The external mucus layer that covers fish skin contains numerous immune substances scarcely studied that act as the first line of defence against a broad spectrum of pathogens. This study aimed to characterize and describe for the first time several humoral immune defence parameters in the skin mucus of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) after intraperitoneal injection with Vibrio anguillarum or Tenacibaculum soleae. This study evaluated several immune-related enzymes and bactericidal activity against fish pathogenic bacteria in the skin mucus of European eels at 24, 48, and 72 h post-challenge. The results demonstrated that European eel skin mucus showed significant increments in peroxidase and lysozyme activity at 48 and 72 h after V. anguillarum challenge, compared to other experimental groups. In the case of antiprotease activity, an increase was observed at 24 h in the skin mucus of fish challenged with V. anguillarum compared to unchallenged fish, while this activity was undetected at 48 and 72 h. In contrast, protease activity had decreased at 48 and 72 h in the skin mucus of fish challenged with V. anguillarum compared to the unchallenged group. Regarding bactericidal activity, a high growth capacity of T. soleae was observed in the skin mucus of all experimental groups. Interestingly, the skin mucus from fish challenged with V. anguillarum exhibited increased bactericidal activity against this bacterium at 48 h, compared to unchallenged fish. Finally, severe histopathological alterations were observed in the gills and liver at the end of the trial (72 h), whereas the skin showed only an overspread presence of goblet cells in the challenged fish compared to unchallenged fish. The present results may give new insights into the mucosal immune system of this primitive species with potential applications in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Conforto
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed.16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Luciano Vílchez-Gómez
- Department of Cellular Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Campus of International Excellence, Campus Mare Nostrum, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Daniela Parrinello
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed.16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Parisi
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed.16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - María Ángeles Esteban
- Department of Cellular Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Campus of International Excellence, Campus Mare Nostrum, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Matteo Cammarata
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed.16, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Francisco A Guardiola
- Department of Cellular Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Campus of International Excellence, Campus Mare Nostrum, 30100, Murcia, Spain; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Porto, Portugal.
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Sridhar A, Krishnasamy Sekar R, Manikandan DB, Arumugam M, Veeran S, Ramasamy T. Activity profile of innate immune-related enzymes and bactericidal of freshwater fish epidermal mucus extract at different pH. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:33914-33926. [PMID: 33090344 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11173-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The epidermal mucus of fish performs diverse functions from prevention of mechanical abrasion to limit pathogen invasions. The current experiment was designed to extract skin mucus proteins of three freshwater fish, i.e. common carp (Cyprinus carpio), mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala) and rohu (Labeo rohita) with organic solvent (methanol) and dissolve in different pH of Tris-HCl buffers to examine the significance of pH in the solubilisation of skin mucus proteins. The protein profiles of different pH solubilised methanol fish skin mucus extracts were determined by SDS-PAGE. The non-specific immune enzymes, alkaline phosphatase, lysozyme and protease of fish skin mucus were compared and this present study demonstrated that these enzymes differed in their activity depending on pH buffers. The higher lysozyme and protease activity were observed at the pH of 8.0 and higher alkaline phosphatase activity in the pH 9.0 of C. mrigala fish skin mucus methanol extract. In addition, the bactericidal activity was evaluated against the pathogens Proteus vulgaris and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The pH 8.0 of C. mrigala skin mucus extract revealed better bactericidal activity than other fish species mucus pH buffers against both P. vulgaris and P. aeruginosa. In the case of protein profile from SDS-PAGE, based on pH buffers and the solubilisation of proteins, differences in the resolution of bands were observed. The higher alkaline pH of 9.0 showed smeared gel bands in all the three fish skin mucus methanol extract. The present study suggests that methanol extracted C. mrigala fish skin mucus at pH 8.0 showed better innate immune enzymes and bactericidal activity. The additional examinations of C. mrigala skin mucus methanol extract in this pH aids in identifying novel bioactive molecules. This is the study of proteome of three fish species skin mucus in the effect of pH. Further analyses are required to evaluate proteins present in fish skin mucus extracted with methanol and the influence of pH on protein solubility. These findings could be helpful in exploring natural alternatives to antibiotics in aquaculture industry against infectious pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Sridhar
- Laboratory of Aquabiotics/Nanoscience, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India
| | - Rajkumar Krishnasamy Sekar
- Laboratory of Aquabiotics/Nanoscience, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India
| | - Dinesh Babu Manikandan
- Laboratory of Aquabiotics/Nanoscience, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India
| | - Manikandan Arumugam
- Laboratory of Aquabiotics/Nanoscience, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India
| | - Srinivasan Veeran
- Laboratory of Aquabiotics/Nanoscience, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India
| | - Thirumurugan Ramasamy
- Laboratory of Aquabiotics/Nanoscience, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India.
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Cámara-Ruiz M, Cerezo IM, Guardiola FA, García-Beltrán JM, Balebona MC, Moriñigo MÁ, Esteban MÁ. Alteration of the Immune Response and the Microbiota of the Skin during a Natural Infection by Vibrio harveyi in European Seabass ( Dicentrarchus labrax). Microorganisms 2021; 9:964. [PMID: 33947022 PMCID: PMC8146741 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9050964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease outbreaks continue to represent one of the main bottlenecks for the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry. In marine aquaculture, many species from the Vibrio genus are serious opportunistic pathogens responsible for significant losses to producers. In this study, the effects on the immune response and the skin microbiota of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) were studied after a natural disease outbreak caused by V. harveyi. Data obtained from infected and non-infected fish were studied and compared. Regarding the local immune response (skin mucus) a decrease in the protease activity was observed in infected fish. Meanwhile, at a systemic level, a decrease in protease and lysozyme activity was reported while peroxidase activity showed a significant increase in serum from infected fish. A clear dysbiosis was observed in the skin mucus microbiota of infected fish in comparison with non-infected fish. Moreover, V. harveyi, was identified as a biomarker for the infected group and Rubritalea for healthy fish. This study highlights the importance of characterizing the mucosal surfaces and microbial composition of the skin mucus (as a non-invasive technique) to detect potential disease outbreaks in fish farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Cámara-Ruiz
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (M.C.-R.); (F.A.G.); (J.M.G.-B.)
| | - Isabel M. Cerezo
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (I.M.C.); (M.C.B.); (M.Á.M.)
| | - Francisco A. Guardiola
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (M.C.-R.); (F.A.G.); (J.M.G.-B.)
| | - José María García-Beltrán
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (M.C.-R.); (F.A.G.); (J.M.G.-B.)
| | - M. Carmen Balebona
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (I.M.C.); (M.C.B.); (M.Á.M.)
| | - Miguel Ángel Moriñigo
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (I.M.C.); (M.C.B.); (M.Á.M.)
| | - María Ángeles Esteban
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (M.C.-R.); (F.A.G.); (J.M.G.-B.)
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Wound-Induced Changes in Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Skin Mucus and in Gene Expression in the Skin of Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata L.). FISHES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes6020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the antioxidant enzyme activities in the skin mucus of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) at 3 and 7 days post-wounding (dpw). The expression levels of the genes that encode stress proteins (grp170, grp94, grp75, sod and hsp70) and skin regeneration-related proteins (tf, igf1, tgfb1, der1, apo1 and erdj3) in the skin also were determined. Mucus and skin samples were obtained from the left and right flanks of non-wounded and wounded fish. In both flanks of the wounded fish, catalase and glutathione reductase activities in the skin mucus increased (p < 0.05) at 3 and 7 dpw (100 ± 31% and 111 ± 25%, respectively), whereas superoxide dismutase activity increased (p < 0.05) only at 7 dpw (135 ± 15%). The expression levels of stress proteins in the skin of the wounded flank of the wounded fish mainly increased at 7 dpw (grp170 increased to 288 ± 85%, grp94 to 502 ± 143%, grp75 to 274 ± 69%, sod to 569 ± 99%, and hsp70 increased to 537 ± 14%) (p < 0.05). However, the expression levels of the tissue regeneration-related genes varied depending on the flank investigated, on the experimental time, and on the gene studied. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to determine the effect of a wound in different skin parts of the same fish.
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Espinosa-Ruiz C, Manuguerra S, Morghese M, García-Beltrán JM, Esteban MÁ, Giuga M, Messina CM, Santulli A. Immunity and inflammatory responses in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) exposed to sub-lethal mixture of carbamazepine, cadmium chloride and polybrominated diphenyl ether. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 111:25-35. [PMID: 33359412 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chemical contaminants such as industrial and urban by-products, pharmaceuticals, drugs metabolites and, plastics, are continuously found in the oceans, affecting its quality and organism's welfare. Although these compounds are found at concentrations ranged ng L-1, there is an increasing concern about the potential adverse effects of the interactions among those substances present, simultaneously, in a mixture. In the present study, specimens of sea bream (Sparus aurata) were exposed, by food, to rising concentrations of a mixture of carbamazepine, polybrominated diphenyl ether-47 and cadmium chloride, for 15 days and then, maintained, with the same control diet, without contaminants, for other 15 days. Samples of skin mucus, serum, head-kidney, liver and intestine were sampled at 0, 15 and 30 days. Cellular immune parameters were evaluated on head-kidney, as well as humoral parameters were determined on skin mucus and serum. In addition, the expression of some genes, related to immunity, was analysed on liver and intestine. Both cellular and humoral response were affected at 15 days, showing slightly signs of recovery at 30 days. Besides, the expression of immune-related genes was highly affected, suggesting the development of inflammatory processes, as well as a reduction of immune parameters. Overall, the mixture of compounds severally affected the immune system of sea bream, suggesting a lower degree of recovery. The prolonged exposure to a mixture of these compounds could entail serious change on population immunity and, eventually, promote changes on marine biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristóbal Espinosa-Ruiz
- University of Palermo, Dept. of Earth and Marine Science DISTEM, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Trapani, Italy
| | - Simona Manuguerra
- University of Palermo, Dept. of Earth and Marine Science DISTEM, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Trapani, Italy
| | - Maria Morghese
- University of Palermo, Dept. of Earth and Marine Science DISTEM, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Trapani, Italy
| | - José María García-Beltrán
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Giuga
- University of Palermo, Dept. of Earth and Marine Science DISTEM, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Trapani, Italy; Istituto per lo studio degli impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino (IAS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Capo Granitola, Trapani, Italy; University of Catania, Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Sezione di Scienze della Terra, Corso 57, 95129, Catania, Italy
| | - Concetta M Messina
- University of Palermo, Dept. of Earth and Marine Science DISTEM, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Trapani, Italy; Istituto per lo studio degli impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino (IAS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Capo Granitola, Trapani, Italy.
| | - Andrea Santulli
- University of Palermo, Dept. of Earth and Marine Science DISTEM, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Trapani, Italy; Istituto per lo studio degli impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino (IAS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Capo Granitola, Trapani, Italy; Consorzio Universitario della Provincia di Trapani, Marine Biology Institute, Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Trapani, Italy
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Zhang XT, Yu YY, Xu HY, Huang ZY, Liu X, Cao JF, Meng KF, Wu ZB, Han GK, Zhan MT, Ding LG, Kong WG, Li N, Takizawa F, Sunyer JO, Xu Z. Prevailing Role of Mucosal Igs and B Cells in Teleost Skin Immune Responses to Bacterial Infection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 206:1088-1101. [PMID: 33495235 PMCID: PMC11152320 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The skin of vertebrates is the outermost organ of the body and serves as the first line of defense against external aggressions. In contrast to mammalian skin, that of teleost fish lacks keratinization and has evolved to operate as a mucosal surface containing a skin-associated lymphoid tissue (SALT). Thus far, IgT representing the prevalent Ig in SALT have only been reported upon infection with a parasite. However, very little is known about the types of B cells and Igs responding to bacterial infection in the teleost skin mucosa, as well as the inductive or effector role of the SALT in such responses. To address these questions, in this study, we analyzed the immune response of trout skin upon infection with one of the most widespread fish skin bacterial pathogens, Flavobacterium columnare This pathogen induced strong skin innate immune and inflammatory responses at the initial phases of infection. More critically, we found that the skin mucus of fish having survived the infection contained significant IgT- but not IgM- or IgD-specific titers against the bacteria. Moreover, we demonstrate the local proliferation and production of IgT+ B cells and specific IgT titers, respectively, within the SALT upon bacterial infection. Thus, our findings represent the first demonstration that IgT is the main Ig isotype induced by the skin mucosa upon bacterial infection and that, because of the large surface of the skin, its SALT probably represents a prominent IgT-inductive site in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ting Zhang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yong-Yao Yu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Hao-Yue Xu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Huang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jia-Feng Cao
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Kai-Feng Meng
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Zheng-Ben Wu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Guang-Kun Han
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Meng-Ting Zhan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Li-Guo Ding
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Wei-Guang Kong
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Fumio Takizawa
- Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Fukui Prefectural University, Obama, Fukui 917-0003, Japan
| | - J Oriol Sunyer
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - Zhen Xu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China;
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
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Methanol Skin Mucus Extract of Mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala) Fish Peptide Targeting Viral Particles of Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV) and Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus (ISAV): an in silico Approach. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10179-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Gong H, Wang Q, Lai Y, Zhao C, Sun C, Chen Z, Tao J, Huang Z. Study on Immune Response of Organs of Epinephelus coioides and Carassius auratus After Immersion Vaccination With Inactivated Vibrio harveyi Vaccine. Front Immunol 2021; 11:622387. [PMID: 33633740 PMCID: PMC7900426 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.622387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Immersion vaccination relies on the response of fish mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues, the Crucian carp (Carassius auratus) and Grouper (Epinephelus coioides) were researched in this paper to examine local mucosal immune responses and associated humoral system responses following immersion vaccination. We administered 1.5 × 107 CFU/ml formalin-inactivated Vibrio harveyi cells and measured mucus and serum antibody titers as well as IgM, MHC II mRNA levels in immune organs. The mucosal antibody response preceded the serum response indicating a role for local mucosal immunity in immersion vaccination. IgM and MHC II mRNA levels were relatively greater for the spleen and head kidney indicating the importance and central position of systemic immunity. Expression levels were also high for the gills while skin levels were the lowest. IgM and MHC II mRNA levels were altered over time following vaccination and the hindgut, liver and spleen were similar indicating a close relationship, so the absolute value of r is used to analyze the correlation among different organs immunized. It can be inferred the existence of an internal immune molecular mechanism for Immune synergy hindgut-liver-spleen, from the peak time (14th day), the relative ratio of genes expression in the same tissues between the immunized grouper and the control group (26 times), and Pearson correlation coefficient (0.8<|r|<1). Injection challenges with live V. harveyi indicated that the relative protection rates for the crucian carp and Grouper was basically the same at 44.4% and 47.4%, respectively. It is believe that crucian carp may be used as a substitute for the valuable grouper in immunity experiment, just from aspect of the relative percent survival (RPS) and how it changes with time. But they were not consistent about the IgM mRNA expression between that of crucian carp and grouper after immersion the Vibrio vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Gong
- Key Lab of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Key Lab of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Lab of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Key Lab of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingtiao Lai
- Key Lab of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Key Lab of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changchen Zhao
- Key Lab of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Key Lab of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenwen Sun
- Key Lab of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Key Lab of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zonghui Chen
- Key Lab of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Key Lab of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiafa Tao
- Key Lab of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Key Lab of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhibin Huang
- Key Lab of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Key Lab of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Dietary Chitosan Nanoparticles: Potential Role in Modulation of Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) Antibacterial Defense and Intestinal Immunity against Enteric Redmouth Disease. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19020072. [PMID: 33572960 PMCID: PMC7911277 DOI: 10.3390/md19020072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bio-nanotechnology employing bio-sourced nanomaterial is an emerging avenue serving the field of fish medicine. Marine-sourced chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) is a well-known antimicrobial and immunomodulatory reagent with low or no harm side effects on fish or their human consumers. In this study, in vitro skin mucus and serum antibacterial activity assays along with intestinal histology, histochemical, and gene expression analyses were performed to evaluate the impact of dietary CSNPs (5 g kg−1 dry feed) on rainbow trout resistance against ‘enteric redmouth’ disease. Two treatment conditions were included; short-term prophylactic-regimen for 21 days before the bacterial challenge, and long-term therapeutic-regimen for 21 days before the challenge and extended for 28 days after the challenge. Our results revealed higher antibacterial defense ability and positive intestinal histochemical and molecular traits of rainbow trout after dietary CSNPs. The prophylactic-regimen improved trout health while the therapeutic regimen improved their disease resistance and lowered their morbidity. Therefore, it is anticipated that CSNPs is an effective antibacterial and immunomodulatory fish feed supplement against the infectious threats. However, the CSNPs seem to be more effective in the therapeutic application rather than being used for short-term prophylactic applications.
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Shiry N, Khoshnoodifar K, Alavinia SJ. Cutaneous mucosal immune-parameters and intestinal immune-relevant genes expression in streptococcal-infected rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): A comparative study with the administration of florfenicol and olive leaf extract. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 107:403-410. [PMID: 33157200 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated changes in cutaneous mucosal immunity (total protein (TP) and immunoglobulin (TIg), lysozyme, protease, esterase, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)) and some immune-related genes expression (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-8, hepcidin-like antimicrobial peptides (HAMP), and immunoglobulin M (IgM)) in the intestine of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) orally-administrated florfenicol (FFC) and/or olive leaf extract (OLE), experimentally infected with Streptococcus iniae. The juvenile fish (55 ± 7.6 g) were divided into different groups according to the use of added OLE (80 g kg-1 food), the presence/absence of FFC (15 mg kg-1 body weight for 10 consecutive days), and the streptococcal infectivity (2.87 × 107 CFU mL-1 as 30% of LD50-96h). The extract's chemical composition was analyzed using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system. The skin mucus and intestine of fish were sampled after a 10-day therapeutic period for all groups, and their noted indices were measured. Our results signified that the oleuropein, quercetin, and trans-ferulic acid were the most obvious active components of OLE which were found by HPLC analysis. The combined use of OLE and FFC could lowered some skin mucus immunological indices (e.g., TP, TIg, and ALP), and the gene expression of inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α and IL-1β) of rainbow trout. Moreover, lysozyme and protease activities respectively were invigorated by the FFC and OLE treatment. Also, the use of OLE as a potential medicine induced the gene expression of HAMP. As the prevention approach, it would be recommended to find the best dose of OLE alone or in combination with the drug through therapeutics period before the farm involved in the streptococcal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Shiry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Khadije Khoshnoodifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalil Alavinia
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran; Department of Aquatic Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Adorian TJ, Mombach PI, Fagundes MB, Wagner R, Pianesso D, Telles YB, Dalcin MO, da Silva LP. Linseed fibers modulate the production of short-chain fatty acids and improve performance and plasma and skin mucus parameters of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:2355-2366. [PMID: 33009652 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00885-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the prebiotic action of distinct linseed fibers on diets for silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) juvenile. For this, soluble and insoluble fractions of linseed fiber were concentrated separately and combined in four ratios (1:0.5, 1:1, 1:2, 1:4), which were added in diets and evaluated along with a control diet. After 45 days receiving the experimental diets, the animals were submitted to biometry for data collection and samples. The experimental design was completely randomized, data were submitted to analysis of variance, and the means were compared by Tukey's test (P < 0.05). Fish performance was higher for the group that received the 1:2 and 1:4 diets. The production of intestinal acetic acid was higher in fish fed on the 1:2 diet, and butyric acid was higher with 1:4 diet and the propionic acid with the control diet. The control diet led to lower counts of goblet cells. Total proteins and globulins in plasma, mucoprotein, total immunoglobulins, and cutaneous mucus pH were higher in fish fed on diets 1:2 and 1:4. Cortisol levels and intestinal pH were lower in these treatments. The linseed fiber intake increased total plasma immunoglobulins and plasma alkaline phosphatase activity and in mucus. It was concluded that the use of 1:2 and 1:4 soluble fiber/insoluble linseed in the diet beneficially modulates the production of short-chain fatty acids in the digesta, with reflection on growth performance, number of goblet cells in the intestinal epithelium, and improvement in plasma and skin mucus parameters of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taida Juliana Adorian
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. AV. Roraima n° 1000, Cidade Universitária, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, CEP: 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia Inês Mombach
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. AV. Roraima n° 1000, Cidade Universitária, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, CEP: 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Mariane Bittencourt Fagundes
- Department of Food and Science Technology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. AV. Roraima n° 1000, Cidade Universitária, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, CEP: 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Roger Wagner
- Department of Food and Science Technology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. AV. Roraima n° 1000, Cidade Universitária, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, CEP: 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Dirleise Pianesso
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. AV. Roraima n° 1000, Cidade Universitária, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, CEP: 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Yuri Bohnenberger Telles
- Laboratory of Systematics, Entomology and Biogeography, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. AV. Roraima n° 1000, Cidade Universitária, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, CEP: 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Marina Osmari Dalcin
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. AV. Roraima n° 1000, Cidade Universitária, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, CEP: 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Leila Picolli da Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. AV. Roraima n° 1000, Cidade Universitária, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, CEP: 97105-900, Brazil
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