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Gao X, Gao Z, Zhang M, Qiao H, Jiang S, Zhang W, Xiong Y, Jin S, Fu H. Identifying Relationships between Glutathione S-Transferase-2 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Hypoxia Tolerance and Growth Traits in Macrobrachium nipponense. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:666. [PMID: 38473051 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Investigating hypoxia tolerance and growth trait single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Macrobrachium nipponense is conducive to cultivating prawns with hypoxia tolerance and good growth characteristics. The glutathione S-transferase-2 gene (GST-2) has been shown to regulate hypoxia responses in M. nipponense. In this study, we identified a single GST-2 SNP in M. nipponense, and analyzed its regulatory relationship with hypoxia tolerance and growth. The GST-2 sequence was amplified with a polymerase chain reaction from 197 "Taihu Lake No. 3", "Taihu Lake No. 2", and Pearl River population samples to identify SNP loci. The full-length Mn-GST2 sequence was 2317 bp, including three exons and two introns. In total, 38 candidate SNP loci were identified from GST-2 using Mega11.0 comparisons, with most loci moderately polymorphic in terms of genetic diversity. Locus genotypes were also analyzed, and basic genetic parameters for loci were calculated using Popgene32 and PIC_CALC. The expected heterozygosity of the 38 SNP loci ranged from 0.2334 to 0.4997, with an average of 0.4107, while observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.1929 to 0.4721, with an average of 0.3401. The polymorphic information content ranged from 0.21 to 0.37. From SPSS analyses, the G+256A locus was significantly correlated with hypoxia tolerance across all three M. nipponense populations, while the SNP loci A+261C, C+898T, A+1370C, and G+1373T were significantly associated with growth traits. Further analyses revealed that the T+2017C locus was significantly correlated with hypoxia tolerance in "Taihu Lake No. 2" populations, G+256A, A+808T, C+1032T, and A+1530G loci were significantly correlated with hypoxia tolerance in "Taihu Lake No. 3" populations, while no SNP loci were correlated with hypoxia tolerance in Pearl River populations. A+1370C and G+1373T loci, which were associated with growth traits, exhibited a high degree of linkage disequilibrium (r2 = 0.89 and r2 > 0.8), suggesting potential genetic linkage. Our data suggest associations between hypoxia tolerance and growth trait SNP loci in M. nipponense, and provide valuable evidence for the genetic improvement of growth and hypoxia tolerance in this prawn species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanbin Gao
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Zijian Gao
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Minglei Zhang
- Shandong Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Hui Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Sufei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Yiwei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Shubo Jin
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Hongtuo Fu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
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Naiel MAE, Negm SS, Ghazanfar S, Shukry M, Abdelnour SA. The risk assessment of high-fat diet in farmed fish and its mitigation approaches: A review. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2022; 107:948-969. [PMID: 35934925 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the era of intensification of fish farms, the high-fat diet (HFD) has been applied to promote growth and productivity, provide additional energy and substitute partial protein in fish feeds. Certainly, HFD within specific concentrations was found to be beneficial in boosting fish performance throughout a short-term feeding. However, excessive dietary fat levels displayed vast undesirable impacts on growth, feed efficiency, liver function, antioxidant capacity and immune function and finally reduced the economic revenue of cultured fish. Moreover, studies have shown that fish diets containing a high level of fats resulted in increasing lipid accumulation, stimulated endoplasmic reticulum stress and suppressed autophagy in fish liver. Investigations showed that HFD could impair the intestinal barrier of fish via triggering inflammation, metabolic disorders, oxidative stress and microbiota imbalance. Several approaches have been widely used for reducing the undesirable influences of HFD in fish. Dietary manipulation could mitigate the adverse impacts triggered by HFD, and boost growth and productivity via reducing blood lipids profile, attenuating oxidative stress and hepatic lipid deposition and improving mitochondrial activity, immune function and antioxidant activity in fish. As well, dietary feed additives have been shown to decrease hepatic lipogenesis and modulate the inflammatory response in fish. Based on the literature, previous studies indicated that phytochemicals could reduce apoptosis and enhance the immunity of fish fed with HFD. Thus, the present review will explore the potential hazards of HFD on fish species. It will also provide light on the possibility of employing some safe feed additives to mitigate HFD risks in farmed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A E Naiel
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Samar S Negm
- Fish Biology and Ecology Department, Central Lab for Aquaculture Research (CLAR), Abassa, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Shakira Ghazanfar
- National Institute for Genomics Advanced and Biotechnology (NIGAB), National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mustafa Shukry
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Sameh A Abdelnour
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Tao YF, Qiang J, Dagoudo M, Zhu HJ, Bao JW, Ma JL, Li MX, Xu P. Transcriptome profiling reveals differential expression of immune-related genes in gills of hybrid yellow catfish (Tachysurus fulvidraco ♀ × Pseudobagrus vachellii ♂) under hypoxic stress: Potential NLR-mediated immune response. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 119:409-419. [PMID: 34687881 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fish gills are the primary organ that respond to sudden changes in the dissolved oxygen (DO) level in the aquatic environment. Hypoxic stress impairs the normal function of gill tissues. However, little is known about the mechanisms of the response of yellow catfish gills to hypoxic stress. In this study, we compared transcriptomic and physiological changes in gill tissues of hybrid yellow catfish (Tachysurus fulvidraco ♀ × Pseudobagrus vachellii ♂) between a hypoxia-treated group (DO: 1.5 mg/L) and a control group (DO: 6.5 mg/L). In fish in the hypoxia-treated group, gill filaments underwent adaptive changes, and the number of vacuoles in gill tissues increased. Exposure to hypoxic conditions for 96 h resulted in increased anaerobic metabolism and decreased antioxidant and immune capacity in gill tissues. Transcriptome analyses revealed 1556 differentially expressed genes, including 316 up-regulated and 1240 down-regulated genes, between fish in the hypoxia-treated and control groups. Functional analyses indicated that the main pathway enriched with differentially expressed genes was immune response, followed by energy metabolism and signal transduction. Under hypoxic stress, the transcript levels of genes involved in the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway initially increased rapidly but then decreased over time, suggesting that the NOD-like receptor-mediated immune response plays an essential role in hypoxia tolerance and resistance in hybrid yellow catfish. Our results provide novel insights into which immune-related genes and pathways are activated under hypoxic stress, and reveal details of early adaptation of the immune response and defense mechanisms under hypoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China.
| | - Jun Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China.
| | - Missinhoun Dagoudo
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Hao-Jun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Jing-Wen Bao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Jun-Lei Ma
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Ming-Xiao Li
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Pao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China.
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Analyses of the differential expression of cloned Caspase-3 and Caspae-9 genes, of Onchidium reevesii, exposed to extreme hot and cold conditions. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Huang Y, Wu D, Li Y, Chen Q, Zhao Y. Characterization and expression of arginine kinase 2 from Macrobrachium nipponense in response to salinity stress. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 113:103804. [PMID: 32738337 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is a fundamental environmental factor in aquaculture, and arginine kinase (AK) plays imperative roles in innate immune feedback and stress resistance in invertebrates. In the current study, we cloned a full-length cDNA of arginine kinase 2 (MnAK2, GenBank number, MN149533) in Macrobrachium nipponense and analyzed its function through a salinity challenge using bioinformatic approaches. MnAK2 was expressed at the highest levels in hepatopancreas and muscle. Changes in the expression levels of MnAK2, enzymes involved in innate immunity, antioxidant enzymes, and antioxidant enzyme-related genes, and the glutathione and malondialdehyde contents were investigated after 6-week salinity treatment. The expression of MnAK2 gradually increased as salinity increased, and western blotting showed that MnAK2 was significantly upregulated in the 14 and 22 ppt salinity-treatment groups relative to the control group. The findings indicate that high salinity produces oxidative stress and that salinity below isotonic salinity might improve the antioxidant response in M. nipponense. MnAK2 may play a crucial role in the response to salinity stress in M. nipponense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhui Huang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Donglei Wu
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Yiming Li
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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Li J, Dong L, Zhu D, Zhang M, Wang K, Chen F. An effector caspase Sp-caspase first identified in mud crab Scylla paramamosain exhibiting immune response and cell apoptosis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 103:442-453. [PMID: 32446967 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis plays a key role in the immune defense against pathogen infection, and caspase is one of the most important protease enzyme families, which could initiate and execute apoptosis. Among crustaceans, several caspase genes have been reported. However, caspase in mud crab Scylla paramamosain, have not been identified yet. Here, in the present study, we characterized a new caspase, named as Sp-caspase, from S. paramamosain. The full-length cDNA sequence of Sp-caspase contained 966 bp open reading frame, encoding 322 amino acids, and its molecular weight was 36 kDa. This gene has three conserved domains of the caspase family, a prodomain, a large subunit P20 and a small subunit P10. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Sp-caspase was clustered into an effector caspase group. Sp-caspase mainly distributed in midgut, hepatopancreas, hemocytes and female ovaries, and the transcript was significantly regulated in different tissues after being challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio alginolyticus or LPS. After infection with V. alginolyticus, the apoptosis rate of hemocytes notably increased, while the mRNA level of Sp-caspase and hydrolysis activity of caspase 3/7 significantly decreased. Furthermore, in vitro assays showed that the recombinant protein tSp-caspase (deletion of Sp-caspase prodomain) could efficiently recognize and cleave human caspase 3/7 substrate Ac-DEVD-pNA, functioning as an effector caspase. Meanwhile, heterologous expression of Sp-caspase in several cell lines (HEK293T cells, HeLa cells and HighFive cells) could specifically induce cell apoptosis. Taken together, these data demonstrated that Sp-caspase could perform apoptosis as an effector caspase. In addition, it might be a negative regulator of hemocytes apoptosis under pathogen infection, which would contribute to homeostasis and immune defense of hemocytes in S. paramamosain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jishan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Lixia Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Depeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Kejian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Fangyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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7
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Chen YL, Han K, Huang X, Zhang Z, Wan X, Ren Q. Caspase-3C gene from red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarki: Characterization and expression in response to pathogenic infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:792-799. [PMID: 31585244 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The caspase is an essential module in the Drosophila immune deficiency (IMD) pathway, which plays a crucial role in countering pathogen infection. In this study, a gene named PcCaspase-3C was found in Procambarus clarkia with a full-length of 4684 bp, including a 1572 bp opening reading frame, which encoded a putative protein of 523 amino acids. PcCaspase-3C contained a CASc domain constituted of 237 amino acids. The PcCaspase-3C gene was primarily expressed in heart, stomach, and intestine, while less in gonad, hepatopancreas, gills, and hemocytes, with the least expression in muscle. Infection with Staphyloccocus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus or white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) induced an up-regulated expression of PcCaspase-3C in intestine or stomach to varying degrees. When PcCaspase-3C was silenced by double-stranded RNA, the expression of some antimicrobial peptides such as ALF2, ALF5, ALF6, Cru3, Cru4, and Lys was significantly inhibited. In addition, silencing of PcCaspase-3C accelerated infection with WSSV in vivo. According to these results, we suggest that PcCaspase-3C might play a crucial role in the immune response of P. clarkia against pathogenic bacterial and viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lei Chen
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361021, China
| | - Keke Han
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Huang
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuoxing Zhang
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xihe Wan
- Institute of Oceanology and Marine Fisheries, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Qian Ren
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, 222005, China; College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
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Xu YR, Yang WX. Roles of three Es-Caspases during spermatogenesis and Cadmium-induced apoptosis in Eriocheir sinensis. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:1146-1165. [PMID: 29851651 PMCID: PMC5990378 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Functions of Caspases remain obscure in Crustacea. We studied the existence and participations of apoptosis-related factors in Eriocheir sinensis testis. Three Es-Caspases (Es-Caspase 3/ 7/ 8) in E. sinensis were cloned and characterized. We observed that three es-caspases mRNA had specific expression patterns during spermiogenesis, with weak signal around the nucleus and invaginated acrosomal vesicle in early-stage spermatids, became stronger in middle-stage, finally focused on the acrosomal tube and nucleus in mature sperm. We then investigated the immunostaining intensity and positional alterations of Es-Caspase 3, Es-Caspase 8 and p53 during spermatogenesis, which were correlated with the differential tendencies of cells to undergo apoptosis and specific organelles shaping processes. After apoptotic induction by Cadmium, Es-Caspase 8 increased gradually, while Es-Caspase 3 increased firstly and then decreased, Es-p53 initially decreased and then increased. These results implies that Es-Caspase 3/ Es-Caspase 8/ p53 may play roles in Cadmium-induced apoptosis during spermatogenesis, and Caspase 8-Caspase 3-p53 pathway may interact with extrinsic or intrinsic pathways to regulate the destiny of sperm cells. Our study revealed the indispensable roles of Caspases during spermatogenesis and the possible molecular interactions in response to the Cadmium-induced apoptosis in E. sinensis, which filled the gap of apoptotic mechanisms of crustacean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ru Xu
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wan-Xi Yang
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Dai YJ, Cao XF, Zhang DD, Li XF, Liu WB, Jiang GZ. Chronic inflammation is a key to inducing liver injury in blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) fed with high-fat diet. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 97:28-37. [PMID: 30910418 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this article is to investigate the mechanism of lipotoxicity induced by high-fat diets (HFD) in Megalobrama amblycephala. In the present study, fish (average initial weight 40.0 ± 0.35 g) were fed with two fat levels (6% and 11%) diets with four replicates for 60 days. At the end of the feeding trial, fish were challenged by thioacetamide (TAA) and survival rate was recorded for the next 96 h. The result showed that long-term HFD feeding induced a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (GOT) and alanine aminotransferase (GPT) in plasma. In addition, liver histopathological analysis showed an increased dilation of the blood vessels, erythrocytes outside of the blood vessels and vacuolization in fish fed with high-fat diet. After TAA challenge, compared with group fed with normal-fat diets (NFD), fish fed with HFD showed a significantly (P < 0.05) low survival rate. After feeding Megalobrama amblycephala with HFD for 60 days, the protein content and gene expression of pro-inflammatory factors were significantly elevated (P < 0.05). The protein and gene relative expressions of a Caspase-3, Caspase-9 and CD68 were significantly increased (P < 0.05), while antioxidant-related enzyme activities were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in the liver of fish fed with HFD. In addition, HFD feeding also induced genotoxicity. Comet assay showed a significantly (P < 0.05) elevated DNA damage in blunt snout bream fed with HFD. Compared with normal-fat diets (NFD) group, the protein expression of γH2AX and gene expressions involved in cell cycle arrest were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in fish fed with HFD. Data in this research showed that lipotoxicity induced by HFD was likely mediated by chronic inflammation regulating macrophage recruitment, apoptosis and DNA damage. The study was valuable to understand the mechanism by which liver injury is induced in fish fed with HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jun Dai
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Fei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding-Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Zhen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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Sun S, Wu Y, Fu H, Yang M, Ge X, Zhu J, Xuan F, Wu X. Evaluating expression of autophagy-related genes in oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense as potential biomarkers for hypoxia exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 171:484-492. [PMID: 30639875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy, a crucial process for maintaining cellular homeostasis, is under the control of several autophagy-related (ATG) proteins, and is highly conserved in most animals, but its response to adverse environmental conditions is poorly understood in crustaceans. Herein, we hypothesised that autophagy acts as a protective response to hypoxia, and Beclin 1, ATG7 and ATG8 in oriental river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense) were chosen as potential biomarkers under hypoxia exposure; thus, their full-length cDNA sequences were cloned and characterised. Open reading frames (ORFs) of 1281, 2076 and 360 bp, encoding proteins of 427, 692 and 120 amino acid residues, respectively, were obtained. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the three M. nipponense proteins do not form a clade with vertebrate homologs. Protein and mRNA levels were investigated in different tissues and developmental stages, and all three were significantly upregulated in a time-dependent manner in the hepatopancreas following hypoxia stress. Biochemical and morphological analysis of hepatocytes revealed that hypoxia increased the abundance of hepatic autophagic vacuoles and stimulated anaerobic metabolism. RNA interference-mediated silencing of ATG8 significantly increased the death rate of M. nipponense juveniles under hypoxia stress conditions. Together, these results suggest that Beclin 1, ATG7 and ATG8 contribute to autophagy-based responses against hypoxia in M. nipponense. The findings also expand our understanding of the potential role of autophagy as an adaptive response against hypoxia toxicity in crustaceans. The results showed that hepatic ATG8 levels may be directly indicative of acute hypoxia in prawns, and provide insight into the time at which hypoxia exposure occurs. Autophagy-related genes expression pattern seems to be sensitive and good biomarkers of acute hypoxia exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengming Sun
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, PR China
| | - Ying Wu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, PR China
| | - Hongtuo Fu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, PR China.
| | - Ming Yang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, PR China
| | - Xianping Ge
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, PR China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, PR China
| | - Fujun Xuan
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224051, PR China
| | - Xugan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, PR China
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Chang Y, Kong R. Ganoderic acid A alleviates hypoxia-induced apoptosis, autophagy, and inflammation in rat neural stem cells through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways. Phytother Res 2019; 33:1448-1456. [PMID: 30838711 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Effects of ganoderic acid A (GAA), a lanostane triterpene, on hypoxia-ischemia encephalopathy (HIE) remain unclear. We aimed to figure out the specific role of GAA in hypoxia-treated neural stem cells (NSCs) as well as the regulatory mechanisms. Primary rat NSCs were incubated under hypoxia to simulate HIE. Viability and apoptosis of hypoxia-injured NSCs were measured by cell counting kit-8 and flow cytometry assays, respectively. Proteins related to apoptosis, autophagy, and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways were evaluated by Western blot analysis. LY294002 and rapamycin were added to inhibit the PI3K/AKT pathway and mTOR pathway, respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was carried out to test the release of proinflammatory cytokines. We found that hypoxia-induced decrease of cell viability, increases of apoptotic cells and autophagy, and the release of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α were all attenuated by GAA stimulation. Activation of caspases induced by hypoxia was alleviated by GAA. Furthermore, we found that inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway eliminated the effects of GAA on apoptosis and proinflammatory cytokines release in hypoxia-injured NSCs. Meanwhile, inhibition of the mTOR pathway abrogated the effects of GAA on cell autophagy in hypoxia-injured NSCs. In conclusion, GAA alleviated hypoxia-induced injury in NSCs might be through activating the PI3K/AKT and mTOR pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Ruifang Kong
- Department of Pediatrics, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital (East Branch), Jining, China
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12
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Gajski G, Žegura B, Ladeira C, Pourrut B, Del Bo’ C, Novak M, Sramkova M, Milić M, Gutzkow KB, Costa S, Dusinska M, Brunborg G, Collins A. The comet assay in animal models: From bugs to whales – (Part 1 Invertebrates). MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2019; 779:82-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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13
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Sun S, Guo Z, Fu H, Zhu J, Ge X. Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis of brain energy metabolism in the male Oriental river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense) in response to hypoxia and reoxygenation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 243:1154-1165. [PMID: 30261455 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is as an endocrine disruptor, and, in crustaceans, the energy metabolic consequences of hypoxia in the brain tissue are still poorly understood. We combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomic analysis and high-throughput RNA sequencing to evaluate the metabolic effects and subjacent regulatory pathways in the brain tissue of the male Oriental river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense) in response to hypoxia and reoxygenation. We recorded LC50 and heartbeats per minute of male M. nipponense juveniles. Hypoxia resulted in the generation of reactive oxygen species in the brain cells and alterations in gene expression and metabolite concentrations in the prawn brain tissue in a time-dependent manner. The transcriptomic analyses revealed specific changes in the expression of genes associated with metabolism pathways, which was consistent with the changes in energy metabolism indicated by the GC-MS metabolomic analysis. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot confirmed the transcriptional induction of these genes because of hypoxia. The lactate levels increased significantly during hypoxia and decreased to normal after reoxygenation; this is consistent with a shift towards anaerobic metabolism, which may cause metabolic abnormalities in the brain tissue of M. nipponense. Overall, these results are consistent with metabolic disruption in the brain of M. nipponense exposed to hypoxia and will help in understanding how crustacean brain tissue adapts and responds to hypoxia and reoxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, PR China
| | - Zhongbao Guo
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning City, Guangxi Province 530021, PR China
| | - Hongtuo Fu
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, PR China.
| | - Jian Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, PR China
| | - Xianping Ge
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, PR China
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14
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Sun S, Guo Z, Fu H, Ge X, Zhu J, Gu Z. Based on the Metabolomic Approach the Energy Metabolism Responses of Oriental River Prawn Macrobrachium nipponense Hepatopancreas to Acute Hypoxia and Reoxygenation. Front Physiol 2018; 9:76. [PMID: 29686619 PMCID: PMC5900017 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia represents a major physiological challenge for prawns and is a problem in aquaculture. Therefore, an understanding of the metabolic response mechanism of economically important prawn species to hypoxia and re-oxygenation is essential. However, little is known about the intrinsic mechanisms by which the oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense copes with hypoxia at the metabolic level. In this study, we conducted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics studies and assays of energy metabolism-related parameters to investigate the metabolic mechanisms in the hepatopancreas of M. nipponense in response to 2.0 O2/L hypoxia for 6 and 24 h, and reoxygenation for 6 h following hypoxia for 24 h. Prawns under hypoxic stress displayed higher glycolysis-related enzyme activities and lower mRNA expression levels of aerobic respiratory enzymes than those in the normoxic control group, and those parameters returned to control levels in the reoxygenated group. Our results showed that hypoxia induced significant metabolomic alterations in the prawn hepatopancreas within 24 h. The main metabolic alterations were depletion of amino acids and 2-hydroxybutanoic acid and accumulation of lactate. Further, the findings indicated that hypoxia disturbed energy metabolism and induced antioxidant defense regulation in prawns. Surprisingly, recovery from hypoxia (i.e., reoxygenation) significantly affected 25 metabolites. Some amino acids (valine, leucine, isoleucine, lysine, glutamate, and methionine) were markedly decreased compared to the control group, suggesting that increased degradation of amino acids occurred to provide energy in prawns at reoxygenation conditions. This study describes the acute metabolomic alterations that occur in prawns in response to hypoxia and demonstrates the potential of the altered metabolites as biomarkers of hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhongbao Guo
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Hongtuo Fu
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Xianping Ge
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhimin Gu
- Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, China
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15
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Sun S, Xuan F, Ge X, Zhu J, Zhang W. Dynamic mRNA and miRNA expression analysis in response to hypoxia and reoxygenation in the blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). Sci Rep 2017; 7:12846. [PMID: 28993687 PMCID: PMC5634510 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12537-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptation to hypoxia is a complex process involving various pathways and regulation mechanisms. A better understanding of the genetic influence on these mechanisms could permit selection for hypoxia-sensitive fish. To aid this understanding, an integrated analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression was performed in Megalobrama amblycephala under four acute hypoxia and reoxygenation stages. A number of significantly differentially-expressed miRNAs and genes associated with oxidative stress were identified, and their functional characteristics were revealed by GO function and KEGG pathway analysis. They were found to be involved in HIF-1 pathways known to affect energy metabolism and apoptosis. MiRNA-mRNA interaction pairs were detected from comparison of expression between the four different stages. The function annotation results also showed that many miRNA-mRNA interaction pairs were likely to be involved in regulating hypoxia stress. As a unique resource for gene expression and regulation during hypoxia and reoxygenation, this study could provide a starting point for further studies to better understand the genetic background of hypoxia stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, P.R. China
| | - Fujun Xuan
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, 224002, P.R. China
| | - Xianping Ge
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, P.R. China.
| | - Jian Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, P.R. China.
| | - Wuxiao Zhang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, P.R. China
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16
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Ren X, Yu X, Gao B, Liu P, Li J. Characterization of three caspases and their pathogen-induced expression pattern in Portunus trituberculatus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 66:189-197. [PMID: 28478258 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Caspases are a family of proteases involved in many important biological processes including apoptosis and inflammation. In this study, we analyzed the expression patterns and effects on immune response in various tissues of the edible crab Portunus trituberculatus. PtCas 2, PtCas 3 and PtCas 4 share overall sequence identities of 55.88%-74.86%, 8.47%-46.54% and 20.11%-50.87%, respectively, with their other crustacean species. PtCas 2, PtCas 3 and PtCas 4 have the same caspase domain and catalytic site found in known caspases. The expression levels of the three caspases differed between tissues. Following bacterial and viral infection, the expression levels of the three caspases reached a maximum level at 24 h post-infection (hpi) in case of bacteria, whereas it was 48 hpi in virus. Moreover, the WSSV, Vibrio alginolyticus or V. parahaemolyticus induced the activities of PtCas 2-4 in a time-dependent manner. These results indicate an involvement of caspases in bacterial and viral induced immune response and demonstrate for the first time that PtCas 2, PtCas 3 and PtCas 4 are essential for optimal response to bacterial and virus infection in crabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyun Ren
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, PR China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Xuan Yu
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, PR China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Baoquan Gao
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, PR China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Ping Liu
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, PR China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, PR China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China.
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