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Jia X, Yu H, Du B, Shen Y, Gui L, Xu X, Li J. Incorporating Lycium barbarum residue in diet boosts survival, growth, and liver health in juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 149:109573. [PMID: 38636742 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
This research elucidates the potential of Lycium barbarum residue (LBR), a by-product rich in bioactive substances, as a dietary supplement in aquaculture, especially for herbivorous fish like grass carp. In a detailed 120-day feeding trial, the impacts of varying LBR levels on juvenile grass carp were assessed, focusing on growth performance, survival rate, biochemical markers, and liver health. The study identified a 6% inclusion rate of LBR as optimal for enhancing survival and growth while mitigating hepatic lipid accumulation. Composition analysis of this diet revealed high concentrations of polysaccharides and flavonoids. Notably, the intake of LBR was found to enhance the antioxidant and immune-related enzymatic activities in the liver. Furthermore, it contributed to a reduction in hepatic fat deposition by decreasing the levels of triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (T-CHO) both in the liver and serum. Transcriptomic analysis of the liver highlighted LBR's substantial influence on lipid metabolism pathways, including the PPAR signaling pathway, primary bile acid biosynthesis, cholesterol metabolism, bile secretion, fat digestion and absorption, fatty acid degradation and fatty acid biosynthesis. Further, the expression level of genes pinpointed significant downregulation of fasn and dgat2, alongside upregulation of genes like pparda, cpt1b, cpt1ab and abca1b, in response to LBR supplementation. Overall, the findings present LBR as a promising enhancer of growth and survival in grass carp, with significant benefits in promoting fat metabolism and liver health, offering valuable insights for aquacultural nutrition strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Jia
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Biao Du
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yubang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lang Gui
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jiale Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
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Tian D, Zhang W, Lu L, Yu Y, Yu Y, Zhang X, Li W, Shi W, Liu G. Enrofloxacin exposure undermines gut health and disrupts neurotransmitters along the microbiota-gut-brain axis in zebrafish. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 356:141971. [PMID: 38604519 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The environmental prevalence of antibiotic residues poses a potential threat to gut health and may thereby disrupt brain function through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. However, little is currently known about the impacts of antibiotics on gut health and neurotransmitters along the microbiota-gut-brain axis in fish species. Taking enrofloxacin (ENR) as a representative, the impacts of antibiotic exposure on the gut structural integrity, intestinal microenvironment, and neurotransmitters along the microbiota-gut-brain axis were evaluated in zebrafish in this study. Data obtained demonstrated that exposure of zebrafish to 28-day environmentally realistic levels of ENR (6 and 60 μg/L) generally resulted in marked elevation of two intestinal integrity biomarkers (diamine oxidase (DAO) and malondialdehyde (MDA), upregulation of genes that encode inter-epithelial tight junction proteins, and histological alterations in gut as well as increase of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in plasma, indicating an evident impairment of the structural integrity of gut. Moreover, in addition to significantly altered neurotransmitters, markedly higher levels of LPS while less amount of two short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), namely acetic acid and valeric acid, were detected in the gut of ENR-exposed zebrafish, suggesting a disruption of gut microenvironment upon ENR exposure. Along with corresponding changes detected in gut, significant disruption of neurotransmitters in brain indicated by marked alterations in the contents of neurotransmitters, the activity of acetylcholin esterase (AChE), and the expression of neurotransmitter-related genes were also observed. These findings suggest exposure to environmental antibiotic residues may impair gut health and disrupt neurotransmitters along the microbiota-gut-brain axis in zebrafish. Considering the prevalence of antibiotic residues in environments and the high homology of zebrafish to other vertebrates including human, the risk of antibiotic exposure to the health of wild animals as well as human deserves more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Tian
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Weixia Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Lingzheng Lu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yihan Yu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yingying Yu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xunyi Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Weifeng Li
- College of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, 535011, PR China
| | - Wei Shi
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Guangxu Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.
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Wang B, Liu S, Lin L, Xu W, Gong Z, Xiao W. The protective effect of L-theanine on the intestinal barrier in heat-stressed organisms. Food Funct 2024; 15:3036-3049. [PMID: 38414417 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04459a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Heat stress caused by heatwaves, extreme temperatures, and other weather can damage the intestinal barrier of organisms. L-Theanine (LTA) attenuates heat stress-induced oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and impaired immune function, but its protective effect on the intestinal barrier of heat-stressed organisms is unclear. In this study, low (100 mg kg-1 d-1), medium (200 mg kg-1 d-1), and high (400 mg kg-1 d-1) dosages of LTA were used in the gavage of C57BL/6J male mice that were experimented on for 50 d. These mice were subjected to heat stress for 2 h d-1 at 40 ± 1 °C and 60 ± 5% RH in the last 7 d. LTA attenuated the heat stress-induced decreases in body mass and feed intake, and the destruction of intestinal villi and crypt depth; reduced the serum levels of FITC-dextran and D-LA, as well as the DAO activity; and upregulated the colonic tissues of Occludin, Claudin-1, and ZO-1 mRNA and occludin protein expression. The number of goblet cells in the colon tissue of heat-stressed organisms increased in the presence of LTA, and the expression levels of Muc2, Muc4 mRNA, and Muc2 protein were upregulated. LTA increased the abundance of Bifidobacterium and Turicibacter, and decreased the abundance of Enterorhabdus and Desulfovibrio in the intestinal tract of heat-stressed organisms and restored gut microbiota homeostasis. LTA promoted the secretion of IL-4, IL-10, and sIgA and inhibited the secretion of TNF-α and IFN-γ in the colon of heat-stressed organisms. The expressions of Hsf1, Hsp70, Hsph1, TLR4, P38 MAPK, p-P65 NF-κB, MLCK mRNA, and proteins were downregulated by LTA in the colon of heat-stressed organisms. These results suggest that LTA protects the intestinal barrier in heat-stressed organisms by modulating multiple molecular pathways. Therefore, this study provides evidence on how tea-containing LTA treatments could be used to prevent and relieve intestinal problems related to heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Sino-Kenyan Joint Laboratory of Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Sha Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Sino-Kenyan Joint Laboratory of Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Sino-Kenyan Joint Laboratory of Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Sino-Kenyan Joint Laboratory of Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhihua Gong
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Sino-Kenyan Joint Laboratory of Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Wenjun Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Sino-Kenyan Joint Laboratory of Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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Purushothaman K, Crawford AD, Rocha SD, Göksu AB, Lange BM, Mydland LT, Vij S, Qingsong L, Øverland M, Press CM. Cyberlindnera jadinii yeast as a functional protein source: Modulation of immunoregulatory pathways in the intestinal proteome of zebrafish ( Danio rerio). Heliyon 2024; 10:e26547. [PMID: 38468924 PMCID: PMC10925985 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Yeasts contain bioactive components that can enhance fish immune robustness and disease resistance. Our study focused on analyzing intestinal immunoregulatory pathways in zebrafish (Danio rerio) using iTRAQ and 2D LC-MS/MS to quantify intestinal proteins. Zebrafish were fed either control diet (C) or diet supplemented with autolyzed Cyberlindnera jadinii (ACJ). KEGG analysis revealed that ACJ yeast diet induced increased abundance of proteins related to arginine and proline metabolism, phagosome, C-lectin receptor signaling, ribosome and PPAR signaling pathways, which can modulate and enhance innate immune responses. ACJ yeast diet also showed decreased abundance of proteins associated with inflammatory pathways, including apoptosis, necroptosis and ferroptosis. These findings indicate boosted innate immune response and control of inflammation-related pathways in zebrafish intestine. Our findings in the well annotated proteome of zebrafish enabled a detailed investigation of intestinal responses and provide insight into health-beneficial effects of yeast species C. jadinii, which is relevant for aquaculture species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathiresan Purushothaman
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Alexander D. Crawford
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Sérgio D.C. Rocha
- Department of Animal and Aquaculture Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, Ås, Norway
| | - Aleksandar B. Göksu
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Byron Morales Lange
- Department of Animal and Aquaculture Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, Ås, Norway
| | - Liv Torunn Mydland
- Department of Animal and Aquaculture Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, Ås, Norway
| | - Shubha Vij
- School of Applied Science, Republic Polytechnic, 9 Woodlands Avenue 9, Singapore 738964, Singapore
- Tropical Futures Institute, James Cook University Singapore, 149 Sims Drive, 387380, Singapore
| | - Lin Qingsong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Margareth Øverland
- Department of Animal and Aquaculture Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, Ås, Norway
| | - Charles McL. Press
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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Fan J, Zhang Y, Zhou H, Liu Y, Cao Y, Dou X, Fu X, Deng J, Tan B. Dietary Malondialdehyde Damage to the Growth Performance and Digestive Function of Hybrid Grouper ( Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × E. lanceolatu♂). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3145. [PMID: 37835751 PMCID: PMC10571902 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Malondialdehyde (MDA) is the dominant component of lipid peroxidation products. Improper storage and transportation can elevate the lipid deterioration MDA content of diets to values that are unsafe for aquatic animals and even hazardous to human health. The study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary MDA on growth performance and digestive function of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × E. lanceolatu♂). Six isoproteic and isolipidic diets were formulated to contain 0.03, 1.11, 2.21, 4.43, 8.86 and 17.72 mg/kg MDA, respectively. The study shows that the increased dietary MDA content linearly reduced the growth rate, feed utilization, body index and body lipid content of hybrid grouper, while the low dose of dietary MDA (≤2.21 mg/kg) created no difference. Similarly, dietary MDA inclusion linearly depressed the activities of intestinal digestive and absorptive enzymes as well as antioxidant enzymes, enhanced the serum diamine oxidase activity, endotoxin level and intestinal MDA content. A high dose of MDA (≥4.43 mg/kg) generally impaired the gastric and intestinal mucosa, up-regulated the relative expression of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 but down-regulated the relative expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 in hindgut. In conclusion, the effect of MDA on hybrid grouper showed a dose-dependent effect in this study. A low dose of dietary MDA had limited effects on growth performance and intestinal health of hybrid grouper, while a high concentration damaged the gastrointestinal structure, depressed the intestinal digestive and antioxidant functions, and thereby impaired the growth and health of hybrid grouper.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Junming Deng
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (J.F.); (Y.Z.); (H.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (X.D.); (X.F.); (B.T.)
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Zhou W, Lie KK, Chikwati E, Kousoulaki K, Lein I, Sæle Ø, Krogdahl Å, Kortner TM. Soya saponins and prebiotics alter intestinal functions in Ballan wrasse ( Labrus bergylta). Br J Nutr 2023; 130:765-782. [PMID: 36632013 PMCID: PMC10404481 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452200383x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A 5-week feeding trial was conducted in the cleaner fish Ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta) for a better understanding of the basic biology of the intestinal functions and health in this stomach less species. During the trial, Ballan wrasse was fed either a reference diet, the reference diet supplemented with (i) a commercial prebiotic (Aquate™ SG, 0·4 %) expected to have beneficial effects, (ii) soya saponins (0·7 %) expected to induce inflammation or (iii) a combination of the prebiotics and the soya saponins to find a remedy for gut inflammation. Blood, intestinal tissue and gut content from four consecutive intestinal segments (IN1 - IN4) were collected. No significant differences in fish growth were observed between the four dietary groups. Saponin supplementation, both alone and in combination with prebiotics, increased weight index of IN2 and IN3 and decreased blood plasma glucose, cholesterol and total protein. Dry matter of intestinal content and activity of digestive enzymes were not affected by diet. Histomorphological analyses revealed a progressing inflammation with increased infiltration by immune cells particularly into the distal parts of the intestine in fish fed diets with saponins, both alone and in combination with prebiotics. Gene expression profiles obtained by RNA sequencing and quantitative PCR mirrored the histological and biochemical changes induced by the saponin load. The study demonstrated that Ballan wrasse gut health and digestive function may be markedly affected by feed ingredients containing antinutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwen Zhou
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Kai K. Lie
- Feed and Nutrition, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Elvis Chikwati
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | | | | | - Øystein Sæle
- Feed and Nutrition, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Åshild Krogdahl
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Trond M. Kortner
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
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Zhang Q, Guo M, Li F, Qin M, Yang Q, Yu H, Xu J, Liu Y, Tong T. Evaluation of Fermented Soybean Meal to Replace a Portion Fish Meal on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Immunity, and mTOR Signaling Pathway of Coho Salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch). AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2023; 2023:2558173. [PMID: 37533794 PMCID: PMC10393523 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2558173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the effects of fermented soybean meal (FSBM) or/and unfermented SBM replacing a portion of fish meal (FM) on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immunity, and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Four groups of juvenile coho salmon (initial weight 152.23 ± 3.21 g) in triplicate were fed for 12 weeks on four different iso-nitrogen and iso-lipid experimental diets: G0 diet (28% FM protein, control group), G1 diet (18% FM protein and 10% SBM protein), G2 diet (18% FM protein, 5% SBM protein, and 5% FSBM protein), and G3 diet (18% FM protein and 10% FSBM protein). The main results were compared with the G0 diet; the weight gain rate, specific growth rate, and condition factor of juveniles in G3 were increased significantly (p < 0.05). The content of muscle crude protein, the total protein, glucose, albumin, total cholesterol in serum, and the total antioxidant capacity in the liver of juveniles in G3 was increased significantly (p < 0.05). The activities of pepsin, trypsin, α-amylase, and lipase in the intestine, the superoxide dismutase, catalase, and alkaline phosphatase in the liver of juveniles in G3 were increased significantly (p < 0.05). The expression levels of phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases, serine/threonine kinase, mTOR, and ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 genes in the liver of juveniles in G3 were upregulated significantly (p < 0.05). The feed coefficient ratio, viscerosomatic index, the contents of muscle moisture, and malondialdehyde in the liver of juveniles in G3 were decreased significantly (p < 0.05). The expression levels of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, and interleukin 6 genes in the liver of juveniles in G3 were downregulated significantly (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant effect (p > 0.05) on the survival rate, food intake, and muscle crude lipid and ash of juveniles among the experimental groups. In conclusion, FSBM to replace a portion FM had a positive effect on the growth performance, protein deposition, antioxidant enzyme activity, digestive enzyme activity, protein synthesis, and immune-related genes of juvenile coho salmon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Minzu University, 158 University Road, Nanning 530008, China
| | - Mengjie Guo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Minzu University, 158 University Road, Nanning 530008, China
| | - Fanghui Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Minzu University, 158 University Road, Nanning 530008, China
| | - Meilan Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Minzu University, 158 University Road, Nanning 530008, China
| | - Qiuyue Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Minzu University, 158 University Road, Nanning 530008, China
| | - Hairui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Universities of Shandong (Weifang University), Weifang Key Laboratory of Coho Salmon Culturing Facility Engineering, Institute of Modern Facility Fisheries, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Minzu University, 158 University Road, Nanning 530008, China
| | - Yongqiang Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Minzu University, 158 University Road, Nanning 530008, China
| | - Tong Tong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Minzu University, 158 University Road, Nanning 530008, China
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Rehman S, Gora AH, Abdelhafiz Y, Dias J, Pierre R, Meynen K, Fernandes JMO, Sørensen M, Brugman S, Kiron V. Potential of algae-derived alginate oligosaccharides and β-glucan to counter inflammation in adult zebrafish intestine. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1183701. [PMID: 37275890 PMCID: PMC10235609 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1183701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) are natural bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory properties. We performed a feeding trial employing a zebrafish (Danio rerio) model of soybean-induced intestinal inflammation. Five groups of fish were fed different diets: a control (CT) diet, a soybean meal (SBM) diet, a soybean meal+β-glucan (BG) diet and 2 soybean meal+AOS diets (alginate products differing in the content of low molecular weight fractions - AL, with 31% < 3kDa and AH, with 3% < 3kDa). We analyzed the intestinal transcriptomic and plasma metabolomic profiles of the study groups. In addition, we assessed the expression of inflammatory marker genes and histological alterations in the intestine. Dietary algal β-(1, 3)-glucan and AOS were able to bring the expression of certain inflammatory genes altered by dietary SBM to a level similar to that in the control group. Intestinal transcriptomic analysis indicated that dietary SBM changed the expression of genes linked to inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum, reproduction and cell motility. The AL diet suppressed the expression of genes related to complement activation, inflammatory and humoral response, which can likely have an inflammation alleviation effect. On the other hand, the AH diet reduced the expression of genes, causing an enrichment of negative regulation of immune system process. The BG diet suppressed several immune genes linked to the endopeptidase activity and proteolysis. The plasma metabolomic profile further revealed that dietary SBM can alter inflammation-linked metabolites such as itaconic acid, taurochenodeoxycholic acid and enriched the arginine biosynthesis pathway. The diet AL helped in elevating one of the short chain fatty acids, namely 2-hydroxybutyric acid while the BG diet increased the abundance of a vitamin, pantothenic acid. Histological evaluation revealed the advantage of the AL diet: it increased the goblet cell number and length of villi of the intestinal mucosa. Overall, our results indicate that dietary AOS with an appropriate amount of < 3kDa can stall the inflammatory responses in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Rehman
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Adnan H. Gora
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Yousri Abdelhafiz
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | | | - Ronan Pierre
- CEVA (Centre d’Etude et de Valorisation des Algues), Pleubian, France
| | - Koen Meynen
- Kemin Aquascience, Division of Kemin Europa N.V., Herentals, Belgium
| | | | - Mette Sørensen
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Sylvia Brugman
- Animal Sciences Group, Host Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Viswanath Kiron
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
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Cai W, Fu L, Liu H, Yi J, Yang F, Hua L, He L, Han D, Zhu X, Yang Y, Jin J, Dai J, Xie S. Dietary yeast glycoprotein supplementation improves the growth performance, intestinal health and disease resistance of largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides) fed low-fishmeal diets. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1164087. [PMID: 37256124 PMCID: PMC10225706 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1164087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The active ingredients extracted from yeast are important for regulating animal health. The aim of the current research was to explore the impacts of dietary yeast glycoprotein (YG) on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, antioxidant capacity, immunity and disease resistance of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). A total of 375 juvenile fish (6.00 ± 0.03 g) were allocated into 15 fiberglass tanks. Triplicate tanks were assigned to each diet. The dietary YG inclusion was as follows: the first group was given a high fishmeal diet (40% fishmeal, 0% YG) (FM) and the second group was given a low fishmeal diet (30% fishmeal and 15% soybean meal, 0% YG) (LFM). The fish in the third, fourth and fifth groups were fed the LFM diet supplemented with 0.5% (LFM+YG0.5), 1.0% (LFM+YG1.0) and 2.0% (LFM+YG2.0) YG, respectively. After a 60- day feeding trial, a challenge test using A. hydrophila was carried out. The results showed that the final body weight (FBW) and weight gain rate (WGR) in the LFM+YG2.0 group were significantly higher than those in the LFM group and were no significantly different from those in the FM group. This may be partially related to the activation of the target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway. Dietary YG supplementation enhanced intestinal physical barriers by upregulating the intestinal tight junction protein related genes (claudin1, occludin and zo2) and improving the structural integrity of the gut, which may be partially associated with AMPK signaling pathway. Moreover, dietary YG increased the antioxidant capacity in the gut, upregulated intestinal anti-inflammatory factors (il-10, il1-1β and tgf-β) and downregulated proinflammatory factors (il-1β and il-8), which may be partially related to the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathways. The results of the challenge test indicated that dietary supplementation with 0.5 or 1.0% YG can increase the disease tolerance of largemouth bass against A. hydrophila. In conclusion, the present results indicated that dietary supplementation with YG promotes the growth performance, intestinal immunity, physical barriers and antioxidant capacity of largemouth bass. In addition, 1.0% of dietary YG is recommended for largemouth bass based on the present results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjie Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Fresh Water Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lele Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Fresh Water Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haokun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fresh Water Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianhua Yi
- The Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Yeast Function, Angel Yeast Co., Ltd, Yichang, China
| | - Fan Yang
- The Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Yeast Function, Angel Yeast Co., Ltd, Yichang, China
| | - Luohai Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Fresh Water Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linyue He
- State Key Laboratory of Fresh Water Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Fresh Water Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Fresh Water Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yunxia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fresh Water Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Junyan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Fresh Water Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinjun Dai
- The Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Yeast Function, Angel Yeast Co., Ltd, Yichang, China
| | - Shouqi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Fresh Water Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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10
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Chaklader MR, Howieson J, Foysal MJ, Hanif MA, Abdel-Latif HM, Fotedar R. Fish waste to sustainable additives: Fish protein hydrolysates alleviate intestinal dysbiosis and muscle atrophy induced by poultry by-product meal in Lates calcarifer juvenile. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1145068. [PMID: 37057066 PMCID: PMC10086250 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1145068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Valorising waste from the processing of fishery and aquaculture products into functional additives, and subsequent use in aquafeed as supplements could be a novel approach to promoting sustainability in the aquaculture industry. The present study supplemented 10% of various fish protein hydrolysates (FPHs), obtained from the hydrolysis of kingfish (KH), carp (CH) and tuna (TH) waste, with 90% of poultry by-product meal (PBM) protein to replace fishmeal (FM) completely from the barramundi diet. At the end of the trial, intestinal mucosal barriers damage, quantified by villus area (VA), lamina propria area (LPA), LPA ratio, villus length (VL), villus width (VW), and neutral mucin (NM) in barramundi fed a PBM-based diet was repaired when PBM was supplemented with various FPHs (p < 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001). PBM-TH diet further improved these barrier functions in the intestine of fish (p < 0.05 and 0.001). Similarly, FPHs supplementation suppressed PBM-induced intestinal inflammation by controlling the expression of inflammatory cytokines (tnf-α and il-10; p < 0.05 and 0.001) and a mucin-relevant production gene (i-mucin c; p < 0.001). The 16S rRNA data showed that a PBM-based diet resulted in dysbiosis of intestinal bacteria, supported by a lower abundance of microbial diversity (p < 0.001) aligned with a prevalence of Photobacterium. PBM-FPHs restored intestine homeostasis by enhancing microbial diversity compared to those fed a PBM diet (p < 0.001). PBM-TH improved the diversity (p < 0.001) further by elevating the Firmicutes phylum and the Ruminococcus, Faecalibacterium, and Bacteroides genera. Muscle atrophy, evaluated by fiber density, hyperplasia and hypertrophy and associated genes (igf-1, myf5, and myog), occurred in barramundi fed PBM diet but was repaired after supplementation of FPHs with the PBM (p < 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001). Similarly, creatine kinase, calcium, phosphorous, and haptoglobin were impacted by PBM-based diet (p < 0.05) but were restored in barramundi fed FPHs supplemented diets (p < 0.05 and 0.01). Hence, using circular economy principles, functional FPHs could be recovered from the fish waste applied in aquafeed formulations and could prevent PBM-induced intestinal dysbiosis and muscular atrophy.GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Reaz Chaklader
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Fremantle, WA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Md Reaz Chaklader, ;
| | - Janet Howieson
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Md Javed Foysal
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abu Hanif
- Department of Fisheries Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hany M.R. Abdel-Latif
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ravi Fotedar
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
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11
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Deng H, Zhang J, Yang Q, Dong X, Zhang S, Liang W, Tan B, Chi S. Effects of Dietary Steroid Saponins on Growth Performance, Serum and Liver Glucose, Lipid Metabolism and Immune Molecules of Hybrid Groupers (♀ Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂ Epinephelus lanceolatu) Fed High-Lipid Diets. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020305. [PMID: 36837925 PMCID: PMC9966350 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
High-lipid diets are attributed to excessive lipid deposition and metabolic disturbances in fish. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of steroidal saponins on growth performance, immune molecules and metabolism of glucose and lipids in hybrid groupers (initial weight 22.71 ± 0.12 g) fed high-lipid diets. steroidal saponins (0%, 0.1% and 0.2%) were added to the basal diet (crude lipid, 14%) to produce three experimental diets, designated S0, S0.1 and S0.2, respectively. After an 8-week feeding trial, no significant differences were found between the S0 and S0.1 groups in percent weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio and protein deposition rate (p > 0.05). All those in the S0.2 group were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Compared to the S0 group, fish in the S0.1 group had lower contents of serum triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and glucose (p < 0.05). The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly higher, and malondialdehyde contents were significantly lower in the S0.1 group than in the S0 group (p < 0.05). Hepatic triglyceride, total cholesterol and glycogen were significantly lower in the S0.1 group than in the S0 group (p < 0.05). Activities of lipoprotein lipase, total lipase, glucokinase and pyruvate kinase, and gene expression of lipoprotein lipase, triglyceride lipase and glucokinase, were significantly higher in the S0.1 group than in the S0 group. Interleukin-10 mRNA expression in the S0.1 group was significantly higher than that in the S0 group, while the expression of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α genes were significantly lower than those in the S0 group. In summary, adding 0.1% steroidal saponins to a high-lipid diet not only promoted lipolysis in fish livers, but also activated glycolysis pathways, thus enhancing the utilization of the dietary energy of the groupers, as well as supporting the fish's nonspecial immune-defense mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjin Deng
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jiacheng Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Qihui Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Xiaohui Dong
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Weixing Liang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Beiping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Shuyan Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Correspondence:
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12
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Zhang Y, Zhou H, Liu Y, Zhu L, Fan J, Huang H, Jiang W, Deng J, Tan B. Dietary Histamine Impairs the Digestive Physiology Function and Muscle Quality of Hybrid Grouper ( Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus♂). Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020502. [PMID: 36830060 PMCID: PMC9952090 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
An 8-week feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary histamine on growth performance, digestive physiology function and muscle quality in a hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus♂). Seven isoproteic (50%) and isolipidic (11%) diets were prepared with various histamine inclusion levels of 0, 30, 60, 120, 240, 480 and 960 mg/kg in diets (actual contents were 72.33, 99.56, 138.60, 225.35, 404.12, 662.12 and 1245.38 mg/kg), respectively. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicates of 30 juveniles (average body weight 14.78 g) per tank in a flow-through mariculture system. The increase in the dietary histamine level up to 1245.38 mg/kg made no significant difference on the growth rate and feed utilization of the grouper. However, the increased histamine content linearly decreased the activities of digestive enzymes, while no differences were observed in groups with low levels of histamine (≤404.12 mg/kg). Similarly, high levels of histamine (≥404.12 mg/kg) significantly damaged the gastric and intestinal mucosa, disrupted the intestinal tight junction structure, and raised the serum diamine oxidase activity and endotoxin level. Meanwhile, high doses of histamine (≥662.12 mg/kg) significantly reduced the activities of antioxidant enzymes, upregulated the relative expression of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, and hardened and yellowed the dorsal muscle of grouper. These results showed that dietary histamine was detrimental to the digestive physiology function and muscle quality of the grouper, although it did compromise its growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Lulu Zhu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jiongting Fan
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Huajing Huang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Wen Jiang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Junming Deng
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Correspondence: (J.D.); (B.T.)
| | - Beiping Tan
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Correspondence: (J.D.); (B.T.)
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13
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Wang Y, Jia X, Guo Z, Li L, Liu T, Zhang P, Liu H. Effect of dietary soybean saponin Bb on the growth performance, intestinal nutrient absorption, morphology, microbiota, and immune response in juvenile Chinese soft-shelled turtle ( Pelodiscus sinensis). Front Immunol 2022; 13:1093567. [PMID: 36618377 PMCID: PMC9816404 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1093567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean meal is widely applied in the aquafeeds due to the limitation of fish meal resources. Numerous studies have manifested that dietary soybean saponin, an anti-nutrient factor in soybean meal, may slow growth and induce intestinal inflammation in aquatic animals, but the possible causes are unclear. The juvenile Pelodiscus sinensis (mean initial body weight: 6.92 ± 0.03 g) were fed basal diet (CON group) and 2.46% soybean saponin Bb-supplemented diet (SAP group) for 35 days to further explore the effects of dietary soybean saponin Bb on the growth performance, apparent digestibility coefficients, intestinal morphology, the gut microbiota, intestinal transporters/channels, and immune-related gene expression. The results indicated that dietary soybean saponin Bb significantly decreased final body weight, specific growth rate, protein deposition ratio, and apparent digestibility coefficients (dry matter, crude protein, and crude lipid) of nutrients in Pelodiscus sinensis, which may be closely correlated with markedly atrophic villus height and increased lamina propria width in the small intestine. In addition, plasma contents of cholesterol, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, lysozyme, and C3 were significantly decreased in the SAP group compared with the control group. Soybean saponin Bb significantly downregulated the mRNA levels of glucose transporter 2, fatty acid binding protein 1 and fatty acid binding protein 2, amino acid transporter 2, b0,+-type amino acid transporter 1, and sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein 2b in the small intestine. At the same time, the expressions of key transcription factors (STAT1, TBX21, FOS), chemokines (CCL3), cytokines (TNF-α, IL-8), and aquaporins (AQP3, AQP6) in the inflammatory response were increased by soybean saponin Bb in the large intestine of a turtle. Additionally, dietary supplementation of SAP significantly reduced the generic abundance of beneficial bacteria (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Bacillus) and harmful bacteria (Helicobacter and Bacteroides). In a nutshell, dietary supplementation of 2.46% soybean saponin not only hindered the growth performance by negatively affecting the macronutrients absorption in the small intestine but also induced an inflammatory response in the large intestine possibly by damaging the intestinal morphology, disturbing the intestinal microbiota and decreasing intestinal epithelial cell membrane permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xinyue Jia
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zixue Guo
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ling Li
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tianyu Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Peiyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China,*Correspondence: Peiyu Zhang, ; Haiyan Liu,
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China,*Correspondence: Peiyu Zhang, ; Haiyan Liu,
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14
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Amoah K, Yan X, Liu H, Pan S, Li T, Suo X, Tan B, Zhang S, Huang W, Xie M, Yang S, Zhang H, Yang Y, Dong X. Substituting fish meal with castor meal in diets of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × E. lanceolatus♂): Effects on growth performance, immune response, antioxidant and digestive enzyme activities, gut morphology, and inflammatory-related gene expression. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:181-195. [PMID: 36206996 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing fishmeal (FM) with castormeal (CM) on the growth performance, immune response, antioxidant and digestive enzyme activities, intestinal morphology, and expression of inflammatory-related genes in juvenile hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ ×E. lanceolatus♂). Six iso-nitrogenous (50% crude protein) and iso-lipidic (10% crude lipid) diets were formulated; namely, a reference diet (FM) containing 50% FM and five experimental diets (4% (CM4), 8% (CM8), 12% (CM12), 16% (CM16), and 20% (CM20)) in which FM protein was substituted with CM at varying levels to feed fish (initial weight: 9.12 ± 0.01 g) for 8 weeks. The results showed that the final weight, weight gain rate, and specific growth rate were highest in the FM, CM4, and CM8 groups, whereas the feed conversion ratio, hepatosomatic and viscerosomatic indexes were significantly enhanced in the CM4 group in comparison to the others. The CM4 and CM12 groups were observed to show the highest intestinal length index values compared to the other groups, with the CM20 revealing the worst growth performance. The serum total protein content first increased (P < 0.05) in the CM4 group and decreased (P < 0.05) afterward. Nonetheless, a decreasing significant (P < 0.05) cholesterol and triglyceride contents were witnessed with the increasing replacement of FM with CM. Compared to the control group, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the activities of serum and liver immunoglobulin-M, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, total antioxidant capacity, and complement-3 (except serum activity for CM12 group); liver lysozyme; intestinal amylase, and lipase, was witnessed in the CM groups. However, the serum lysozyme activity was highest (P < 0.05) in the CM4 group and lowest in the CM20 group. While the least serum malondialdehyde contents were observed in the CM4 group, that of the liver malondialdehyde was least witnessed in the FM, CM4, CM8, CM12, and CM16 groups as compared to the CM20. The intestinal histological examination revealed a significantly decreasing trend for villi height and villi width with increasing replacement levels. However, the muscle thickness, crypt depth, and type II mucus cells first increased upto 4% replacement level and later decreased. The increasing of dietary replacement levels significantly up-regulated pro-inflammatory (il-1β, tnf-α, myd88, ifn-γ, tlr-22, and il-12p40) and down-regulated anti-inflammatory (il-10, tgf-β, mhc-iiβ) and anti-bacterial peptide (epinecidin and hepcidin) mRNA levels in the intestine. The mRNA levels of il-6 was up-regulated firstly upto 4 and 8% replacement levels, and later down-regulated with increasing replacement. These results suggested that, although higher dietary CM replacement enhances the immune, antioxidant and digestive enzymes, it aggravates intestinal inflammation. Replacing 4 and 8% of FM with CM could enhance the growth performance of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwaku Amoah
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Yan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, PR China
| | - Hao Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, PR China
| | - Simiao Pan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, PR China
| | - Tao Li
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, PR China
| | - Xiangxiang Suo
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, PR China
| | - Beiping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524000, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524000, China
| | - Weibin Huang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, PR China
| | - Mingsheng Xie
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, PR China
| | - Shipei Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, PR China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524000, China
| | - Yuanzhi Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Dong
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524000, China.
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15
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Meng R, Wu S, Chen J, Cao J, Li L, Feng C, Liu J, Luo Y, Huang Z. Alleviating effects of essential oil from Artemisia vulgaris on enteritis in zebrafish via modulating oxidative stress and inflammatory response. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:323-341. [PMID: 36228879 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Artemisia vulgaris (A. vulgaris) is a traditional Chinese medicine widely distributed in China and contains many bioactive compounds with pharmacological effects. However, the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanism of essential oil from A. vulgaris on enteritis in fish are still unclear. In this study, in order to elucidate the underlying mechanism of essential oil from A. vulgaris on zebrafish enteritis, zebrafish were used for establishing animal models to observe the histopathological changes of intestines, determine the activities of immune-related enzymes and oxidative stress indicators, and the mRNA expression of genes in MyD88/TRAF6/NF-KB signaling pathways. The results showed that different doses of A. vulgaris essential oil could effectively alleviate zebrafish enteritis in a dose- and time-dependent manner by improving the intestinal histopathological damage, decreasing the intestinal oxidative stress, repairing the intestinal immune ability, changing the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-10 and genes in MyD88/TRAF6/NF-κB pathway. In addition, co-treatment with oxazolone and MyD88 inhibitor could alleviate the morphological damage, the induction of oxidative stress, and the levels of immune-related enzymes and the mRNA expression of genes in MyD88/TRAF6/NF-κB signaling pathway. Moreover, essential oil from A. vulgaris had more significantly therapeutic effects on enteritis of male zebrafish than that of female zebrafish. This result will clarify the therapeutic effect and anti-inflammatory mechanism of essential oil from A. vulgaris on zebrafish enteritis, and provide a theoretical basis for further research on the rationality of A. vulgaris to replace feed antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Jianjie Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China.
| | - Jinling Cao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China.
| | - Lijuan Li
- College of Food and Environment, Jinzhong College of Information, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Cuiping Feng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Jingyu Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Yongju Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Science, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Zhibing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Fevelopment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, PR China
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16
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Schwepe C, Wojno M, Molinari GS, Kwasek K. Effects of applying nutritional programming at different early stages of Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides, Lacepède) development on growth and dietary plant protein utilization. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2022; 106:1431-1443. [PMID: 36066244 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Plant protein (PP) utilization in fish is limited due to lower digestibility compared to fishmeal (FM) and the presence of antinutritional factors. Its utilization can be improved by nutritional programming (NP), a method wherein a fish is provided a nutritional stimulus early in life which can alter their physiology. NP has been shown to be effective but methods of applying NP are varied and have been applied at different stages of development with different outcomes. To find the optimal timeframe to perform NP in fish early stages Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides, Lacepède) were nutritionally programmed at three different ages in early development. In this study bass were programmed with: (1) live food enriched with soybean meal (SBM) from 6 to 15 days post-hatch (dph) (NPL), (2) SBM-based formulated diet from 16 to 25 dph (NPD1) and (3) formulated SBM-diet from 26 to 35 dph (NPD2). After programming, each group was fed FM-diet before being refed SBM-diet from 100 to 172 dph. A positive control (PC) was fed FM-diet throughout. Final average body weight of PC was significantly higher than NPD1 and NPD2 but did not significantly differ from NPL. Overall NPL showed much improved growth and utilization of PP compared to NPD1 and was similar to growth achieved by PC. This study showed an optimum window of time exists wherein NP of Largemouth bass yields the best impact on growth in the larval stage and later in life when fed SBM-diet. Programming should be performed right after mouth opening using enriched live food and can result in growth similar to non-programmed fish fed FM-based diet. Programming effects similar to that of the live food approach can be achieved with formulated diet, however it is crucial that Largemouth bass are of a proper age and sufficiently developed when programmed with dry food or severe impacts on growth can occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Schwepe
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Michal Wojno
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Giovanni S Molinari
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Karolina Kwasek
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
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17
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Zhang W, Tan B, Deng J, Yang Q, Chi S, Pang A, Xin Y, Liu Y, Zhang H. Soybean protein concentrate causes enteritis in juvenile pearl gentian groupers ( Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂). ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 12:171-185. [PMID: 36712400 PMCID: PMC9860111 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Due to diminishing fish meal (FM) supplies, superb protein (PRO) sources are needed for aquaculture, such as soy-based PRO. However, these can cause enteritis and even intestinal injury in fish when used at high proportions in feed. This research examines the effects of substituting soybean protein concentrate (SPC) for FM on the growth performance and intestinal balance of pearl gentian groupers and investigates the mechanism of SPC-induced enteritis. Experimental fish (n = 720) were fed 1 of 3 following diets: (1) a 50% FM diet (control), (2) a diet with 20% of the FM substituted with SPC (group SPC20), and (3) a 40% SPC-substituted diet (SPC40). Fish were fed for 10 wk iso-nitrogenous (50% PRO) and iso-lipidic (10% lipid) diets. Groups SPC20 and SPC40 showed significantly lower developmental performance and intestinal structures than control. Group SPC40 had significantly higher expressions of pro-inflammatory-related genes, such as interleukin 1β (IL1β), IL12, IL17 and tumor necrosis factor α and significantly lower expressions of anti-inflammatory-related genes, such as IL5, IL10 and transforming growth factor β1. Biochemical and 16S high-throughput sequencing showed that the abundance and functions of intestinal flora in group SPC40 were significantly affected (P < 0.05), and there were significant correlations between operational taxonomic unit abundance variations and inflammatory gene expressions at genus level (P < 0.05). The second- and third-generation full-length transcriptome sequence was used to analyze the mechanism of SPC-induced enteritis in pearl gentian groupers, which showed that enteritis induced by SPC may be caused by disturbances to intestinal immune function induced by an imbalance in intestinal nutrition and metabolism, such as the intestinal immunity network for IgA production pathway. However, it remains unclear as to which intestinal immune or nutritional imbalance is most important in enteritis development. This study provides a basis for further research into soy PRO-related enteritis in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
| | - Beiping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Junming Deng
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
| | - Qihui Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
| | - Shuyan Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
| | - Aobo Pang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
| | - Yu Xin
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
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18
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Amoah K, Dong XH, Tan BP, Zhang S, Chi SY, Yang QH, Liu HY, Yan XB, Yang YZ, Zhang H. Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Based Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals the Key Potential Biomarkers for Castor Meal-Induced Enteritis in Juvenile Hybrid Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × E. lanceolatus♂). Front Nutr 2022; 9:847425. [PMID: 35811940 PMCID: PMC9261911 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.847425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The intensification of aquaculture to help kerb global food security issues has led to the quest for more economical new protein-rich ingredients for the feed-based aquaculture since fishmeal (FM, the ingredient with the finest protein and lipid profile) is losing its acceptability due to high cost and demand. Although very high in protein, castor meal (CM), a by-product after oil-extraction, is disposed-off due to the high presence of toxins. Concurrently, the agro-industrial wastes’ consistent production and disposal are of utmost concern; however, having better nutritional profiles of these wastes can lead to their adoption. This study was conducted to identify potential biomarkers of CM-induced enteritis in juvenile hybrid-grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus♂) using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) alongside their growth and distal intestinal (DI) health evaluation. A total of 360 fish (initial weight = 9.13 ± 0.01g) were randomly assigned into three groups, namely, fish-meal (FM) (control), 4% CM (CM4), and 20% CM (CM20). After the 56-days feeding-trial, the DI tissues of FM, CM4, and CM20 groups were collected for metabolomics analysis. Principal components analysis and partial least-squares discriminant-analysis (PLS-DA, used to differentiate the CM20 and CM4, from the FM group with satisfactory explanation and predictive ability) were used to analyze the UPLC-MS data. The results revealed a significant improvement in the growth, DI immune responses and digestive enzyme activities, and DI histological examinations in the CM4 group than the others. Nonetheless, CM20 replacement caused DI physiological damage and enteritis in grouper as shown by AB-PAS staining and scanning electron microscopy examinations, respectively. The most influential metabolites in DI contents identified as the potential biomarkers in the positive and negative modes using the metabolomics UPLC-MS profiles were 28 which included five organoheterocyclic compounds, seven lipids, and lipid-like molecules, seven organic oxygen compounds, two benzenoids, five organic acids and derivatives, one phenylpropanoids and polyketides, and one from nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues superclass. The present study identified a broad array of DI tissue metabolites that differed between FM and CM diets, which provides a valuable reference for further managing fish intestinal health issues. A replacement level of 4% is recommended based on the growth and immunity of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwaku Amoah
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiao-hui Dong
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-hui Dong,
| | - Bei-ping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shu-yan Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Qi-hui Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hong-yu Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiao-bo Yan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yuan-zhi Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
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19
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Che Q, Luo T, Shi J, He Y, Xu DL. Mechanisms by Which Traditional Chinese Medicines Influence the Intestinal Flora and Intestinal Barrier. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:863779. [PMID: 35573786 PMCID: PMC9097517 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.863779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of a drug on the intestinal flora and the intestinal barrier is an important evaluation index for drug safety and efficacy. Chemical synthetic drugs are widely used due to their advantages of fast efficacy and low doses, but they are prone to cause drug resistance and inhibit proton pumps, which may harm intestinal health. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been applied clinically for thousands of years, and how TCMs regulate intestinal health to achieve their effects of disease treatment has become a hot research topic that needs to be resolved. This paper reviews the recent research on the effects of TCMs on intestinal microorganisms and the intestinal mucosal barrier after entering the intestine, discusses the interaction mechanisms between TCMs and intestinal flora, and details the repair effect of TCMs on the intestinal mucosal barrier to provide a reference for the development, utilization, and modernization of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingya Che
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Tingting Luo
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Junhua Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: De-Lin Xu, ; Yihuai He, ; Junhua Shi,
| | - Yihuai He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: De-Lin Xu, ; Yihuai He, ; Junhua Shi,
| | - De-Lin Xu
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: De-Lin Xu, ; Yihuai He, ; Junhua Shi,
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20
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Micheloni G, Carnovali M, Millefanti G, Rizzetto M, Moretti V, Montalbano G, Acquati F, Giaroni C, Valli R, Costantino L, Ferrara F, Banfi G, Mariotti M, Porta G. Soy diet induces intestinal inflammation in adult Zebrafish: Role of OTX and P53 family. Int J Exp Pathol 2022; 103:13-22. [PMID: 34725870 PMCID: PMC8781668 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are a group of inflammatory conditions of the colon and small intestine, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Since Danio rerio is a promising animal model to study gut function, we developed a soy-dependent model of intestinal inflammation in adult zebrafish. The soya bean meal diet was given for 4 weeks and induced an inflammatory process, as demonstrated by morphological changes together with an increased percentage of neutrophils infiltrating the intestinal wall, which developed between the second and fourth week of treatment. Pro-inflammatory genes such as interleukin-1beta, interleukin-8 and tumour necrosis factor alpha were upregulated in the second week and anti-inflammatory genes such as transforming growth factor beta and interleukin-10. Interestingly, an additional expression peak was found for interleukin-8 at the fourth week. Neuronal genes, OTX1 and OTX2, were significantly upregulated in the first two weeks, compatible with the development of the changes in the gut wall. As for the genes of the p53 family such as p53, DNp63 and p73, a statistically significant increase was observed after two weeks of treatment compared with controls. Interestingly, DNp63 and p73 were shown an additional peak after four weeks. Our data demonstrate that soya bean meal diet negatively influences intestinal morphology and immunological function in adult zebrafish showing the features of acute inflammation. Data observed at the fourth week of treatment may suggest initiation of chronic inflammation. Adult zebrafish may represent a promising model to better understand the mechanisms of food-dependent intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Micheloni
- Centro di Medicina GenomicaDepartment of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of InsubriaVareseItaly
| | | | | | - Manuel Rizzetto
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of InsubriaVareseItaly
| | - Vittoria Moretti
- Centro di Medicina GenomicaDepartment of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of InsubriaVareseItaly
| | - Giuseppe Montalbano
- Centro di Medicina GenomicaDepartment of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of InsubriaVareseItaly
| | - Francesco Acquati
- Centro di Medicina GenomicaDepartment of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of InsubriaVareseItaly
| | - Cristina Giaroni
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of InsubriaVareseItaly
| | - Roberto Valli
- Centro di Medicina GenomicaDepartment of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of InsubriaVareseItaly
| | - Lucy Costantino
- Department of Molecular GeneticsCentro Diagnostico ItalianoMilanoItaly
| | - Fulvio Ferrara
- Department of Molecular GeneticsCentro Diagnostico ItalianoMilanoItaly
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico GaleazziMilanItaly
- Vita‐Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilanItaly
| | - Massimo Mariotti
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico GaleazziMilanItaly
- Department of BiomedicalSurgical and Dental SciencesUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Giovanni Porta
- Centro di Medicina GenomicaDepartment of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of InsubriaVareseItaly
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21
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Gu M, Pan S, Deng W, Li Q, Qi Z, Chen C, Bai N. Effects of glutamine on the IKK/IκB/NF-кB system in the enterocytes of turbot Scophthalmus maximus L. stimulated with soya-saponins. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 119:373-378. [PMID: 34688862 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soya-saponins represent key anti-nutritional factors that contribute to soybean meal-induced enteritis, and glutamine is an effective fish intestine protectant that combats the negative effects of soya-saponins. Nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-кB) systems are involved in the interactions between soya-saponins and glutamine, and the goal of the present work was to clarify the related molecular mechanisms used by the NF-кB kinase (IKK)/inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB)/NF-кB system. Primary cultured turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) intestinal epithelial cells were concurrently administrated with 1 mg/mL of soya-saponins and several levels of glutamine (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mM) for 12 h and then subjected to real-time PCR and Western blot assays. Compared with cells treated with soya-saponins alone, glutamine significantly decreased the expression of interleukin-1 beta, interleukin 8 and tumor necrosis factor α genes, significantly reduced nuclear and cytosolic NF-κB p65 abundance levels in a dose-dependent manner, increased the IκBα protein level but decreased its phosphorylation, and down-regulated the IKKα/β and phosphorylated IKKα/β levels. In conclusion, this in vitro work confirmed that glutamine attenuated soya-saponin-induced inflammatory responses in turbot intestines. Moreover, it identified molecular pathways in which glutamine first decreased the p65 level and then prevented its nuclear translocation. In addition, glutamine reduced IκBα phosphorylation and maintained its level. Finally, glutamine decreased IKK expression and phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Shihui Pan
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Wanzhen Deng
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Qing Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Zezheng Qi
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Chuwen Chen
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Nan Bai
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China.
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22
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Yu G, Ou W, Ai Q, Zhang W, Mai K, Zhang Y. In vitro study of sodium butyrate on soyasaponin challenged intestinal epithelial cells of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) refer to inflammation, apoptosis and antioxidant enzymes. FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2021; 2:100031. [PMID: 36420502 PMCID: PMC9680047 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2021.100031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The study is aimed to investigate the protective effect and potential mechanisms of sodium butyrate (NaBT) on soyasaponins (SA) induced intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) injury in vitro. The primary IECs of turbot were developed and treated with 0.4, 1 and 4 mM NaBT in the presence of 0.4 mg/mL SA for 6 h to explore the protective effects of NaBT. The results showed that the addition of NaBT significantly down-regulated gene expression of inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-8, pro-apoptosis relevant gene BAX, caspase-3, caspase-7 and caspase-9 induced by SA, while up-regulated anti-apoptosis gene Bcl-2. SA stimulation did not induce reactive oxygen species production, but elevated gene expression of antioxidant enzyme heme oxygenase-1 and superoxide dismutase. Moreover, the gene expression of those antioxidant enzyme was further up-regulated in NaBT groups. Furthermore, NaBT supplementation decreased the acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activities and suppressed phosphorylation of p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). In conclusion, NaBT could mitigate SA-induced inflammation and apoptosis and elevate gene expression of antioxidant enzymes on IECs of turbot and p38 and JNK signaling pathway participated in those processes.
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Gu M, Pan S, Li Q, Qi Z, Deng W, Bai N. Protective effects of glutamine against soy saponins-induced enteritis, tight junction disruption, oxidative damage and autophagy in the intestine of Scophthalmus maximus L. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 114:49-57. [PMID: 33887442 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soy saponins, as thermo-stable anti-nutrients in soybean meal (SBM), are the primary causal agents of SBM-induced enteritis, which represents a well-documented pathologic alternation involving the distal intestines of various farmed fish. Our previous work showed that soy saponins might lead to SBM-induced enteritis, destroy tight junction structure and induce oxidative damage in juvenile turbot. Glutamine, as a conditionally essential amino acid, is an important substrate utilized for the growth of intestinal epithelial cells. An 8-week feeding trial was carried out to determine whether glutamine can attenuate the detrimental effects of soy saponins. Three isonitrogenous-isolipidic experimental diets were formulated as follows: (i) fish meal-based diet (FM), considered as control; (ii) FM + 10 g/kg soy saponins, SAP; and (iii) SAP + 15 g/kg glutamine, GLN. The results showed that dietary soy saponins significantly increased the gene expression levels of inflammatory markers (IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-α) and related signaling factors (NF-кB, AP-1, p38, JNK and ERK), which were remarkably attenuated by dietary glutamine. Compared to SAP group, GLN-fed fish exhibited significantly higher expression levels of tight junction genes (CLDN3, CLDN4, OCLN, Tricellulin and ZO-1). Glutamine supplementation in SAP diet markedly suppressed the production of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl, and enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes as well as the mRNA levels of HO-1, SOD, GPX and Nrf2. Furthermore, GLN-fed fish had a remarkably lower number of autophagosomes compared to SAP-fed fish. In conclusion, our study indicated that glutamine could reverse the harmful effects of soy saponins on intestinal inflammation, tight junction disruption and oxidative damage, via attenuation of NF-кB, AP-1 and MAPK pathways and activation of Nrf2 pathway. Glutamine may have the function of controlling autophaghic process within an appropriate level of encountering inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Shihui Pan
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Qing Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Zezheng Qi
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Wanzhen Deng
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Nan Bai
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China.
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Zhang W, Tan B, Deng J, Dong X, Yang Q, Chi S, Liu H, Zhang S, Xie S, Zhang H. Mechanisms by Which Fermented Soybean Meal and Soybean Meal Induced Enteritis in Marine Fish Juvenile Pearl Gentian Grouper. Front Physiol 2021; 12:646853. [PMID: 33967821 PMCID: PMC8100241 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.646853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Soy meals can cause intestinal inflammation and even injury in animals, especially infants and juvenile individuals. This study investigated the effects of fermented soybean meal (FSBM) on the growth and intestinal homeostasis of juvenile pearl gentian grouper and examined the mechanisms by which FSBM and soybean meal (SBM) induced enteritis in fish, using "3+2" full-length transcriptome sequencing. We randomly assigned 720 female juvenile groupers into three treatment groups: FM control group, 20% FSBM group (FSBM20), and FSBM40 group (n = 4). Three iso-nitrogenous (50% protein) and iso-lipidic (10% lipid) diets were prepared and fed to fish for 10 weeks. The water volume in each barrel was about 1 m3, using natural light and temperature. Results showed that dietary FSBM, at experimental level, significantly affected fish growth and intestinal structure negatively and significantly increased enteritis indices. The degree of intestinal injury and inflammation was determined by the enzyme activities of trypsin and lysozyme, and the contents of IgM, C3, C4, and malondialdehyde, and the expressions of pro-inflammatory genes (IL1β, IL8, IL17, and TNFα) and anti-inflammatory genes (IL4, IL10, and TGFβ1). Full-length transcriptome analysis identified 2,305 and 3,462 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in SBM40 and FSBM40 groups, respectively. However, only 18.98% (920/5,445) of DEGs had similar expression patterns, indicating that high levels of SBM40 and FSBM40 have different metabolic strategies. KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that among the significant pathways, ~45% were related to immune diseases/systems, infectious diseases, and signal transduction in both SBM and FSBM groups. Based on PacBio SMRT sequencing, nine toll-like receptor (TLR) members, including TLR1, TLR2, TLR3, TLR5, TLR8, TLR9, TLR13, TLR21, and TLR22, were detected in intestinal tissues of pearl gentian grouper. TLR-MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway played an important role in the development of FSBM- and SBM-induced enteritis in pearl gentian grouper; however, TLR receptors used in SBM and FSBM groups were different. TLR1, TLR8, TLR13, and TLR22 were the main receptors used in FSBM group, while TLR5, TLR8, TLR9, TLR21, and TLR22 were the main receptors used in SBM group. Present study provides valuable theoretical references for further research on soy protein-induced enteritis in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Beiping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Junming Deng
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaohui Dong
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Qihui Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shuyan Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shiwei Xie
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
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Carnovali M, Valli R, Banfi G, Porta G, Mariotti M. Soybean Meal-Dependent Intestinal Inflammation Induces Different Patterns of Bone-Loss in Adult Zebrafish Scale. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040393. [PMID: 33917641 PMCID: PMC8067592 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease have been linked to several health issues, including high risk of low bone mineral density. Danio rerio (zebrafish) is a good model to verify the effects of intestinal inflammation, since its gastrointestinal and immune systems are closely related to that of mammalians. Zebrafish is also a powerful model to study bone metabolism using the scale as the read-out model. Food strongly impacts zebrafish gut physiology, and it is well known that soybean meal induces intestinal inflammation. Adult zebrafish fed with defatted soybean meal (SBM) exhibited an intestinal inflammation evidenced by morphological alterations, inflammatory infiltrate, and increased mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TGFβ, TNF-α). The peak of acute intestinal inflammation, spanning between week 2 and 3, correlates with a transitory osteoporosis-like phenotype in the scale border. Later, a chronic inflammatory condition, associated with persistent IL-8 expression, correlates with the progression of resorption lacunae in the scale center. Both types of resorption lacunae were associated with intense osteoclastic tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity. After 3 weeks of SBM treatment, osteoclast activity decreased in the scale border but not in the center. At the same time, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is activated in the border to repair the bone matrix. This model can contribute to elucidate in vivo the molecular mechanisms that links intestinal inflammation and bone metabolism in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Carnovali
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy; (M.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Roberto Valli
- Centro di Medicina Genomica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (R.V.); (G.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy; (M.C.); (G.B.)
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Porta
- Centro di Medicina Genomica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (R.V.); (G.P.)
| | - Massimo Mariotti
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy; (M.C.); (G.B.)
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Kiron V, Park Y, Siriyappagouder P, Dahle D, Vasanth GK, Dias J, Fernandes JMO, Sørensen M, Trichet VV. Intestinal Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Soy Derivative-Linked Changes in Atlantic Salmon. Front Immunol 2020; 11:596514. [PMID: 33362778 PMCID: PMC7759687 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.596514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal inflammation in farmed fish is a non-infectious disease that deserves attention because it is a major issue linked to carnivorous fishes. The current norm is to formulate feeds based on plant-derived substances, and the ingredients that have antinutritional factors are known to cause intestinal inflammation in fishes such as Atlantic salmon. Hence, we studied inflammatory responses in the distal intestine of Atlantic salmon that received a feed rich in soybean derivatives, employing histology, transcriptomic and flow cytometry techniques. The fish fed on soy products had altered intestinal morphology as well as upregulated inflammation-associated genes and aberrated ion transport-linked genes. The enriched pathways for the upregulated genes were among others taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, drug metabolism-cytochrome P450 and steroid biosynthesis. The enriched gene ontology terms belonged to transmembrane transporter- and channel-activities. Furthermore, soybean products altered the immune cell counts; lymphocyte-like cell populations were significantly higher in the whole blood of fish fed soy products than those of control fish. Interestingly, the transcriptome of the head kidney did not reveal any differential gene expression, unlike the observations in the distal intestine. The present study demonstrated that soybean derivatives could evoke marked changes in intestinal transport mechanisms and metabolic pathways, and these responses are likely to have a significant impact on the intestine of Atlantic salmon. Hence, soybean-induced enteritis in Atlantic salmon is an ideal model to investigate the inflammatory responses at the cellular and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viswanath Kiron
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Youngjin Park
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | | | - Dalia Dahle
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Ghana K. Vasanth
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | | | | | - Mette Sørensen
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
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Yin B, Liu H, Tan B, Dong X, Chi S, Yang Q, Zhang S. Preliminary study of mechanisms of intestinal inflammation induced by plant proteins in juvenile hybrid groupers (♀Epinephelus fuscoguttatus×♂E. lanceolatu). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 106:341-356. [PMID: 32739533 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fish fed a high plant protein diet exhibit intestinal inflammation, the mechanism of which needs to be clarified. We preliminarily elucidate the mechanism of the TLRs/MyD88-PI3K/Akt signalling pathway in intestinal inflammation induced by plant proteins. The diets contained 60% fish meal (FM, controls), or had 45% of the fish meal protein replaced by soybean meal (SBM), peanut meal (PM), cottonseed meal (CSM) or cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC). After an 8-week feeding trial, fish were challenged by injection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus bacteria for 7 days until the fish stabilized. The results showed that the specific growth rate (SGR) of the FM group was higher than other groups. The SGR of the CPC group was higher than those of the SBM, PM and CSM groups. The catalase (CAT) contents in the serum of fish fed a plant protein diet were higher than in FM fish. The abundances of Rhodobacteraceae and Microbacteriaceae in the MI (mid intestine) were higher in the CPC group. The TLR-2 expressions in the MI and DI of plant protein-fed fish were up-regulated. The expressions of IL-6 in the PI and MI, of hepcidin and TLR-3 in the MI, and of TLR-3 in the DI, were all lower than those of fish fed FM. In the PI, MI and DI, the protein expressions of P-PI3K/T-PI3K in the SBM and PM groups were higher than in the FM group. After the challenge, the cumulative mortalities in the FM and CPC groups were lower than those of the SBM, PM and CSM groups. These results suggested that plant protein diets reduced antioxidant capacity and glycolipid metabolism, hindered the development of the intestine and reduced intestinal flora diversity. TLR-3 is involved in the immune regulation of the PI in CPC group, MI and DI in SBM, PM, CSM and CPC groups, while might be involved in the immune regulation of the PI in SBM, PM and CSM groups. Furthermore, PI3K/Akt signaling does not participate in the regulation of PI and MI in the CSM group, MI and DI in the CPC group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yin
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524025, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | - Beiping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524025, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524025, China.
| | - Xiaohui Dong
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524025, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | - Shuyan Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524025, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | - Qihui Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524025, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524025, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
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He Y, Ye G, Chi S, Tan B, Dong X, Yang Q, Liu H, Zhang S. Integrative Transcriptomic and Small RNA Sequencing Reveals Immune-Related miRNA-mRNA Regulation Network for Soybean Meal-Induced Enteritis in Hybrid Grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus♂. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1502. [PMID: 32903657 PMCID: PMC7438716 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A 10-week feeding experiment was conducted to reveal the immune mechanism for soybean meal-induced enteritis (SBMIE) in hybrid grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂. Four isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated by replacing 0, 10, 30, and 50% fish meal protein with soybean meal (namely FM, SBM10, SBM30, and SBM50, respectively). The weight gain rate of the SBM50 group was significantly lower than those of the other groups. Plica height, muscular layer thickness, and goblet cells of the distal intestine in the SBM50 group were much lower than those in the FM group. The intestinal transcriptomic data, including the transcriptome and miRNAome, showed that a total of 6,390 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 92 DEmiRNAs were identified in the SBM50 and FM groups. DEmiRNAs (10 known and 1 novel miRNAs) and their DE target genes were involved in immune-related phagosome, natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis, and the intestinal immune network for IgA production pathways. Our study is the first to offer transcriptomic and small RNA profiling for SBMIE in hybrid grouper. Our findings offer important insights for the understanding of the RNA profile and further elucidation of the underlying molecular immune mechanism for SBMIE in carnivorous fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfa He
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Guanlin Ye
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shuyan Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Beiping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaohui Dong
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Qihui Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
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Solis CJ, Hamilton MK, Caruffo M, Garcia-Lopez JP, Navarrete P, Guillemin K, Feijoo CG. Intestinal Inflammation Induced by Soybean Meal Ingestion Increases Intestinal Permeability and Neutrophil Turnover Independently of Microbiota in Zebrafish. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1330. [PMID: 32793187 PMCID: PMC7393261 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal inflammation is a condition shared by several intestinal chronic diseases, such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, with severely detrimental consequences in the long run. Current mammalian models have considerably increased understanding of this pathological condition, highlighting the fact that, in most of the cases, it is a highly complex and multifactorial problem and difficult to deal with. Thus, there is an increasingly evident need for alternative animal models that could offer complementary approaches that have not been exploited in rodents, thereby contributing to a different view on the disease. Here, we report the effects of a soybean meal-induced intestinal inflammation model on intestinal integrity and function as well as on neutrophil recruitment and microbiota composition in zebrafish. We find that the induced intestinal inflammation process is accompanied by an increase in epithelial permeability in addition to changes in the mRNA levels of different tight junction proteins. Conversely, there was no evidence of damage of epithelial cells nor an increase in their proliferation. Of note, our results show that this intestinal inflammatory model is induced independently of the presence of microbiota. On the other hand, this inflammatory process affects intestinal physiology by decreasing protein absorption, increasing neutrophil replacement, and altering microbiota composition with a decrease in the diversity of cultivable bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila J. Solis
- Fish Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of Intestinal Microbiota, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Mario Caruffo
- Fish Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan P. Garcia-Lopez
- Fish Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Navarrete
- Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of Intestinal Microbiota, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Probiotics, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karen Guillemin
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
- Humans and the Microbiome Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carmen G. Feijoo
- Fish Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of Intestinal Microbiota, Santiago, Chile
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Li C, Zhang B, Liu C, Zhou H, Wang X, Mai K, He G. Effects of dietary raw or Enterococcus faecium fermented soybean meal on growth, antioxidant status, intestinal microbiota, morphology, and inflammatory responses in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 100:261-271. [PMID: 32135340 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fermentation has been reported to improve the utilization of plant ingredients including soybean meal (SBM) by fish, but the detailed mechanism is still poorly understood. This study compared the effects of partial replacement of fish meal (FM) protein with SBM or Enterococcus faecium fermented SBM (EFSM) on the growth, antioxidant status, intestinal microbiota, morphology, and inflammatory responses in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). The FM-based diet was used as the control (CONT). Two experimental diets were formulated in which 45% of the FM protein was replaced with SBM or EFSM. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of fish (7.57 ± 0.01 g) twice daily for 79 d. Inferior growth performance was observed in SBM group, however, no significant depression was observed in EFSM group compared to the CONT group. The CONT group had the highest values of lysozyme, complement component 3, total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase and catalase, followed by the EFSM group, and the lowest in SBM group. The malondialdehyde content was lowest in the CONT group, followed by the EFSM group, and was highest in the SBM group. Gut morphology showed that SBM diet induced alterations typical for intestinal inflammation including decreased villus and microvillus height, and increased width and inflammatory cell infiltration of the lamina propria. However, the EFSM group alleviated such SBM-induced intestinal pathological disruption. Paralleled with the morphological symptoms, the inflammatory gene expression levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-8 were highest in the SBM group, followed by the EFSM group, and were lowest in the CONT group. Furthermore, the intestinal microbiota analysis revealed that EFSM group had an overall more similar microbiota with CONT group than SBM group. Specifically, compared with the SBM group, EFSM group significantly enhanced the probiotics Lactobacillus and anti-inflammatory bacterium Faecalibaculum, and inhibited the Vibrio. Collectively, this study indicated that Enterococcus faecium fermentation effectively counteracted the negative effects of SBM by enhancing antioxidant capacity, suppressing inflammatory responses, and modulating gut microbiota in turbot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Beili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Chengdong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Huihui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Gen He
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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Li C, Zhang B, Wang X, Pi X, Wang X, Zhou H, Mai K, He G. Improved utilization of soybean meal through fermentation with commensal Shewanella sp. MR-7 in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:214. [PMID: 31842889 PMCID: PMC6913000 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1265-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased inclusion of plant proteins in aquafeeds has become a common practice due to the high cost and limited supply of fish meal but generally leads to inferior growth performance and health problems of fish. Effective method is needed to improve the plant proteins utilization and eliminate their negative effects on fish. This study took a unique approach to improve the utilization of soybean meal (SBM) by fish through autochthonous plant-degrading microbe isolation and subsequent fermentation. RESULTS A strain of Shewanella sp. MR-7 was isolated and identified as the leading microbe that could utilize SBM in the intestine of turbot. It was further optimized for SBM fermentation and able to improve the protein availability and degrade multiple anti-nutritional factors of SBM. The fishmeal was able to be replaced up to 45% by Shewanella sp. MR-7 fermented SBM compared to only up to 30% by SBM in experimental diets without adverse effects on growth and feed utilization of turbot after feeding trials. Further analyses showed that Shewanella sp. MR-7 fermentation significantly counteracted the SBM-induced adverse effects by increasing digestive enzymes activities, suppressing inflammatory responses, and alleviating microbiota dysbiosis in the intestine of turbot. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that plant protein utilization by fish could be significantly improved through pre-digestion with isolated plant-degrading host microbes. Further exploitation of autochthonous bacterial activities should be valuable for better performances of plant-based diets in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Beili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xionge Pi
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Huihui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Gen He
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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Bacillus subtilis, an ideal probiotic bacterium to shrimp and fish aquaculture that increase feed digestibility, prevent microbial diseases, and avoid water pollution. Arch Microbiol 2019; 202:427-435. [PMID: 31773195 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-019-01757-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Beneficial microorganisms maintain the ecosystems, plants, animals and humans working in healthy conditions. In nature, around 95% of all microorganisms produce beneficial effects by increasing nutrients digestion and assimilation, preventing pathogens development and by improving environmental parameters. However, increase in human population and indiscriminate uses of antibiotics have been exerting a great pressure on agriculture, livestock, aquaculture, and also to the environment. This pressure has induced the decomposition of environmental parameters and the development of pathogenic strains resistant to most antibiotics. Therefore, all antibiotics have been restricted by corresponding authorities; hence, new and healthy alternatives to prevent or eliminate these pathogens need to be identified. Thus, probiotic bacteria utilization in aquaculture systems has emerged as a solution to prevent pathogens development, to enhance nutrients assimilation and to improve environmental parameters. In this sense, B. subtilis is an ideal multifunctional probiotic bacterium, with the capacity to solve these problems and also to increase aquaculture profitability.
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Sitjà-Bobadilla A, Gil-Solsona R, Estensoro I, Piazzon MC, Martos-Sitcha JA, Picard-Sánchez A, Fuentes J, Sancho JV, Calduch-Giner JA, Hernández F, Pérez-Sánchez J. Disruption of gut integrity and permeability contributes to enteritis in a fish-parasite model: a story told from serum metabolomics. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:486. [PMID: 31619276 PMCID: PMC6796429 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3746-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the animal production sector, enteritis is responsible for serious economic losses, and intestinal parasitism is a major stress factor leading to malnutrition and lowered performance and animal production efficiency. The effect of enteric parasites on the gut function of teleost fish, which represent the most ancient bony vertebrates, is far from being understood. The intestinal myxozoan parasite Enteromyxum leei dwells between gut epithelial cells and causes severe enteritis in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), anorexia, cachexia, growth impairment, reduced marketability and increased mortality. Methods This study aimed to outline the gut failure in this fish-parasite model using a multifaceted approach and to find and validate non-lethal serum markers of gut barrier dysfunction. Intestinal integrity was studied in parasitized and non-parasitized fish by immunohistochemistry with specific markers for cellular adhesion (E-cadherin) and tight junctions (Tjp1 and Cldn3) and by functional studies of permeability (oral administration of FITC-dextran) and electrophysiology (Ussing chambers). Serum samples from parasitized and non-parasitized fish were analyzed using non-targeted metabolomics and some significantly altered metabolites were selected to be validated using commercial kits. Results The immunodetection of Tjp1 and Cldn3 was significantly lower in the intestine of parasitized fish, while no strong differences were found in E-cadherin. Parasitized fish showed a significant increase in paracellular uptake measured by FITC-dextran detection in serum. Electrophysiology showed a decrease in transepithelial resistance in infected animals, which showed a diarrheic profile. Serum metabolomics revealed 3702 ions, from which the differential expression of 20 identified compounds significantly separated control from infected groups in multivariate analyses. Of these compounds, serum inosine (decreased) and creatine (increased) were identified as relevant and validated with commercial kits. Conclusions The results demonstrate the disruption of tight junctions and the loss of gut barrier function, a metabolomic profile of absorption dysfunction and anorexia, which further outline the pathophysiological effects of E. leei.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Sitjà-Bobadilla
- Fish Pathology Group, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain. .,Associated Unit of Marine Ecotoxicology (IATS-IUPA), Castellon, Spain.
| | - Rubén Gil-Solsona
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), University Jaume I, Avda. Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n. Campus del Riu Sec, 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Itziar Estensoro
- Fish Pathology Group, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - M Carla Piazzon
- Fish Pathology Group, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Martos-Sitcha
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Endocrinology Group, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, University of Cádiz, 11510, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Amparo Picard-Sánchez
- Fish Pathology Group, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Juan Fuentes
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, CCMar, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Juan Vicente Sancho
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), University Jaume I, Avda. Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n. Campus del Riu Sec, 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Josep A Calduch-Giner
- Associated Unit of Marine Ecotoxicology (IATS-IUPA), Castellon, Spain.,Nutrigenomics and Fish Endocrinology Group, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Félix Hernández
- Associated Unit of Marine Ecotoxicology (IATS-IUPA), Castellon, Spain.,Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), University Jaume I, Avda. Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n. Campus del Riu Sec, 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Jaume Pérez-Sánchez
- Associated Unit of Marine Ecotoxicology (IATS-IUPA), Castellon, Spain.,Nutrigenomics and Fish Endocrinology Group, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
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Li C, Zhang B, Zhou H, Wang X, Pi X, Wang X, Mai K, He G. Beneficial influences of dietary Aspergillus awamori fermented soybean meal on oxidative homoeostasis and inflammatory response in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 93:8-16. [PMID: 31319205 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High levels of soybean meal (SBM) in aquafeed leads to detrimental inflammatory response and oxidative stress in fish. In the present study, fermentation with Aspergillus awamori was conducted to explore the potential effects on improving the nutritional quality of soybean meal and the health status of turbot. A 63-day feeding trial (initial weight 8.53 ± 0.11 g) was carried out to evaluate the utilization of fermented soybean meal (FSM) by juvenile turbot. 0% (FM, control), 30% (S30, F30), 45% (S45, F45), and 60% (S60, F60) of fish meal were replaced with SBM or FSM, respectively. As the results showed, fermentation significantly reduced the contents of anti-nutritional factors in SBM, including raffinose (-98.8%), glycinin (-98.5%), β-conglycinin (-97.4%), trypsin inhibitors (-80%) and stachyose (-80%). A depression of fish growth performance and activities of superoxide dismutase and lysozyme were observed in S45 and S60 groups, while these inferiorities were only observed in F60 group. Meanwhile, fermentation also improved the heights of enterocytes and microvillus significantly in the F45 and F60 groups compared with those in SBM. An induced expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor-β and depression of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β in the distal intestine were observed in the F45 and F60 groups. Taken together, this study indicated that fermentation with Aspergillus awamori could improve the replacement level with soybean meal from 30% to 45% in turbot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Beili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Huihui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China
| | - Xionge Pi
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Gen He
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
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Tan C, Zhou H, Wang X, Mai K, He G. Resveratrol attenuates oxidative stress and inflammatory response in turbot fed with soybean meal based diet. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 91:130-135. [PMID: 31102710 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Adding immunopotentiators to plant protein based diets has been a feasible way to improve fish growth performance and healthy status. In this study, an 8-week trial was carried out to explore the effects of resveratrol, a natural polyphenolic compound, on growth performance, anti-oxidative capacity and immune responses in turbot fed soybean meal based diet. As the results showed, replacement 45% fish meal with soybean meal (SBM) significantly depressed the fish growth, feed utilization and the heights of villi and microvilli in distal intestine. The mRNA levels of hepatic antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (sod), glutathione peroxidase (gsh-px) and peroxiredoxin 6 (prx 6), were highly inhibited in SBM group. The inflammation related genes in intestine were also responsive to soybean meal. Supplying resveratrol showed no effects on fish growth performance but significantly restored the intestinal morphology and improved the mRNA levels of hepatic antioxidant enzymes as well as the activity of SOD. Meanwhile, resveratrol significantly improved the mRNA levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor-β and inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (tnf-ɑ), interleukin-1β (il-1β) and interleukin-8 (il-8). The results indicate that resveratrol could attenuate the oxidative stress and inflammatory response induced by soybean meal in turbot. This study shows resveratrol is an effective immunopotentiator to carnivorous fishes fed plant protein sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Tan
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition (Ministry of Agriculture), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Huihui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition (Ministry of Agriculture), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition (Ministry of Agriculture), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition (Ministry of Agriculture), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Gen He
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition (Ministry of Agriculture), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
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Coronado M, Solis CJ, Hernandez PP, Feijóo CG. Soybean Meal-Induced Intestinal Inflammation in Zebrafish Is T Cell-Dependent and Has a Th17 Cytokine Profile. Front Immunol 2019; 10:610. [PMID: 31001250 PMCID: PMC6454071 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a serious public health problem on the rise worldwide. In this work, we utilized the zebrafish to introduce a new model of intestinal inflammation triggered by food intake. Taking advantage of the translucency of the larvae and the availability of transgenic zebrafish lines with fluorescently labeled macrophages, neutrophils, or lymphocytes, we studied the behavior of these cell types in vivo during the course of inflammation. We established two feeding strategies, the first using fish that were not previously exposed to food (naïve strategy) and the second in which fish were initially exposed to normal food (developed strategy). In both strategies, we analyzed the effect of subsequent intake of a control or a soybean meal diet. Our results showed increased numbers of innate immune cells in the gut in both the naïve or developed protocols. Likewise, macrophages underwent drastic morphological changes after feeding, switching from a small and rounded contour to a larger and dendritic shape. Lymphocytes colonized the intestine as early as 5 days post fertilization and increased in numbers during the inflammatory process. Gene expression analysis indicated that lymphocytes present in the intestine correspond to T helper cells. Interestingly, control diet only induced a regulatory T cell profile in the developed model. On the contrary, soybean meal diet induced a Th17 response both in naïve and developed model. In addition, when feeding was performed in rag1-deficient fish, intestinal inflammation was not induced indicating that inflammation induced by soybean meal is T cell-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximo Coronado
- Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila J. Solis
- Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of Intestinal Microbiota, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastian, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pedro P. Hernandez
- Macrophages and Development of Immunity, Institute Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Carmen G. Feijóo
- Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of Intestinal Microbiota, Santiago, Chile
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Bai N, Gu M, Liu M, Jia Q, Pan S, Zhang Z. Corn gluten meal induces enteritis and decreases intestinal immunity and antioxidant capacity in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) at high supplementation levels. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213867. [PMID: 30865702 PMCID: PMC6415862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Corn gluten meal (CGM) is an important alternative protein source in aquafeed production. However, in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), CGM could not be effectively utilized because of its low digestibility, the reason for which is still unclear. The purpose of the present study was to investigate and elucidate the cause for the poor utilization of CGM by turbot from the view of gut health. An 8-week feeding trial was conducted with turbot individuals (initial body weight 11.4 ± 0.2 g), which were fed with one of four isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets formulated to include 0%, 21.2%, 31.8%, and 42.6% CGM to progressively replace 0%, 33%, 50%, and 67% fish meal (FM) protein in a FM-based diet, respectively. The results showed that CGM caused dose-dependent decreases in (1) growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and feed utilization; (2) activities of brush-border membrane enzymes; (3) intestinal antioxidant indices of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase activities, and reduced glutathione level; (4) intestinal immune parameters of acid phosphatase activity, complement 3, complement 4, and IgM concentrations. Dose-dependent increases in the severity of the inflammation, with concomitant alterations on microvilli structure and increasing expression of inflammatory cytokine genes of Il-1β, Il-8, and Tnf-α were observed but without a change in the intracellular junctions and the epithelial permeability established by the plasma diamine oxidase activity and D-lactate level examinations. In conclusion, the present work proved that CGM negatively affected the gut health of turbot by inducing enteritis and by decreasing intestinal immunity and antioxidant capacity, which could be one of the reasons for the reduced utilization of CGM by turbot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Bai
- Marine College, Shandong University at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Min Gu
- Marine College, Shandong University at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Mingjie Liu
- Marine College, Shandong University at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Qian Jia
- Marine College, Shandong University at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Shihui Pan
- Marine College, Shandong University at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- Marine College, Shandong University at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong Province, PR China
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