1
|
Espino-Gonzalez E, Dalbram E, Mounier R, Gondin J, Farup J, Jessen N, Treebak JT. Impaired skeletal muscle regeneration in diabetes: From cellular and molecular mechanisms to novel treatments. Cell Metab 2024; 36:1204-1236. [PMID: 38490209 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes represents a major public health concern with a considerable impact on human life and healthcare expenditures. It is now well established that diabetes is characterized by a severe skeletal muscle pathology that limits functional capacity and quality of life. Increasing evidence indicates that diabetes is also one of the most prevalent disorders characterized by impaired skeletal muscle regeneration, yet underlying mechanisms and therapeutic treatments remain poorly established. In this review, we describe the cellular and molecular alterations currently known to occur during skeletal muscle regeneration in people with diabetes and animal models of diabetes, including its associated comorbidities, e.g., obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance. We describe the role of myogenic and non-myogenic cell types on muscle regeneration in conditions with or without diabetes. Therapies for skeletal muscle regeneration and gaps in our knowledge are also discussed, while proposing future directions for the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ever Espino-Gonzalez
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Emilie Dalbram
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Rémi Mounier
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Unité Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5261, Inserm U1315, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Julien Gondin
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Unité Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5261, Inserm U1315, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jean Farup
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8200, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8200, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8200, Denmark
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yamamoto H, Shimomura N, Hasegawa Y. Oral Administration of Nacre Extract from Pearl Oyster Shells Has Anti-Aging Effects on Skin and Muscle, and Extends the Lifespan in SAMP8 Mice. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:713. [PMID: 38931380 PMCID: PMC11206907 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pearl oysters have been extensively utilized in pearl production; however, most pearl oyster shells are discarded as industrial waste. In a previous study, we demonstrated that the intraperitoneal administration of pearl oyster shell-derived nacre extract (NE) prevented d-galactose-induced brain and skin aging. In this study, we examined the anti-aging effects of orally administered NE in senescence-accelerated mice (SAMP8). Feeding SAMP8 mice NE prevented the development of aging-related characteristics, such as coarse and dull hair, which are commonly observed in aged mice. Additionally, the NE mitigated muscle aging in SAMP8 mice, such as a decline in grip strength. Histological analysis of skeletal muscle revealed that the NE suppressed the expression of aging markers, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (p16) and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (p21), and increased the expression of sirtuin1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 (PGC1)- α, which are involved in muscle synthesis. These findings suggest that the oral administration of NE suppresses skeletal muscle aging. Moreover, NE administration suppressed skin aging, including a decline in water content. Interestingly, oral administration of NE significantly extended the lifespan of SAMP8 mice, suggesting that its effectiveness as an anti-aging agent of various tissues including skeletal muscle, skin, and adipose tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yasushi Hasegawa
- College of Environmental Technology, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27-1 Mizumoto, Muroran 050-8585, Japan; (H.Y.); (N.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cuccurullo SJ, Fleming TK, Petrosyan H, Hanley DF, Raghavan P. Mechanisms and benefits of cardiac rehabilitation in individuals with stroke: emerging role of its impact on improving cardiovascular and neurovascular health. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1376616. [PMID: 38756753 PMCID: PMC11096558 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1376616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Human and animal studies have demonstrated the mechanisms and benefits of aerobic exercise for both cardiovascular and neurovascular health. Aerobic exercise induces neuroplasticity and neurophysiologic reorganization of brain networks, improves cerebral blood flow, and increases whole-body VO2peak (peak oxygen consumption). The effectiveness of a structured cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program is well established and a vital part of the continuum of care for people with cardiovascular disease. Individuals post stroke exhibit decreased cardiovascular capacity which impacts their neurologic recovery and extends disability. Stroke survivors share the same risk factors as patients with cardiac disease and can therefore benefit significantly from a comprehensive CR program in addition to neurorehabilitation to address their cardiovascular health. The inclusion of individuals with stroke into a CR program, with appropriate adaptations, can significantly improve their cardiovascular health, promote functional recovery, and reduce future cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events thereby reducing the economic burden of stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara J. Cuccurullo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, JFK Johnson Rehabilitation Institute at Hackensack Meridian Health, Edison, NJ, United States
| | - Talya K. Fleming
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, JFK Johnson Rehabilitation Institute at Hackensack Meridian Health, Edison, NJ, United States
| | - Hayk Petrosyan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, JFK Johnson Rehabilitation Institute at Hackensack Meridian Health, Edison, NJ, United States
| | - Daniel F. Hanley
- Brain Injury Outcomes, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Preeti Raghavan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mozaffaritabar S, Koltai E, Zhou L, Bori Z, Kolonics A, Kujach S, Gu Y, Koike A, Boros A, Radák Z. PGC-1α activation boosts exercise-dependent cellular response in the skeletal muscle. J Physiol Biochem 2024; 80:329-335. [PMID: 38261146 PMCID: PMC11074013 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-024-01006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The role of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator alpha (PGC-1α) in fat metabolism is not well known. In this study, we compared the mechanisms of muscle-specific PGC-1α overexpression and exercise-related adaptation-dependent fat metabolism. PGC-1α trained (PGC-1α Ex) and wild-trained (wt-ex) mice were trained for 10 weeks, five times a week at 30 min per day with 60 percent of their maximal running capacity. The PGC-1α overexpressed animals exhibited higher levels of Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPK-α), the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), Lon protease homolog 1 (LONP1), citrate synthase (CS), succinate dehydrogenase complex flavoprotein subunit A (SDHA), Mitofusin-1 (Mfn1), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), G protein-coupled receptor 41 (GPR41), and Phosphatidylcholine Cytidylyltransferase 2 (PCYT2), and lower levels of Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) compared to wild-type animals. Exercise training increased the protein content levels of SIRT1, HSL, and ATGL in both the wt-ex and PGC-1α trained groups. PGC-1α has a complex role in cellular signaling, including the upregulation of lipid metabolism-associated proteins. Our data reveals that although exercise training mimics the effects of PGC-1α overexpression, it incorporates some PGC-1α-independent adaptive mechanisms in fat uptake and cell signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soroosh Mozaffaritabar
- Research Institute of Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sports Science, 1123, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erika Koltai
- Research Institute of Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sports Science, 1123, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lei Zhou
- Research Institute of Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sports Science, 1123, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Bori
- Research Institute of Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sports Science, 1123, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Kolonics
- Research Institute of Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sports Science, 1123, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sylwester Kujach
- Research Institute of Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sports Science, 1123, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Neurophysiology, Neuropsychology and Neuroinformatics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Atsuko Koike
- Research Institute of Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sports Science, 1123, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anita Boros
- Research Institute of Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sports Science, 1123, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Radák
- Research Institute of Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sports Science, 1123, Budapest, Hungary.
- Waseda Institute for Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, 359-1192, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Honda Y, Takahashi A, Tanaka N, Kajiwara Y, Sasaki R, Kataoka H, Sakamoto J, Okita M. Electrical Stimulation-Based Twitch Exercise Suppresses Progression of Immobilization-Induced Muscle Fibrosis via Downregulation of PGC-1?/VEGF Pathway. Physiol Res 2024; 73:285-294. [PMID: 38710059 PMCID: PMC11081190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether electrical stimulation-based twitch exercise is effective in inhibiting the progression of immobilization-induced muscle fibrosis. 19 Wistar rats were randomly divided into a control group (n=6), an immobilization group (n=6; with immobilization only), and a Belt group (n=7; with immobilization and twitch exercise through the belt electrode device, beginning 2 weeks after immobilization). The bilateral soleus muscles were harvested after the experimental period. The right soleus muscles were used for histological analysis, and the left soleus muscles were used for biochemical and molecular biological analysis. As a result, in the picrosirius red images, the perimysium and endomysium were thicker in both the immobilization and Belt groups compared to the control group. However, the perimysium and endomysium thickening were suppressed in the Belt group. The hydroxyproline content and alpha-SMA, TGF-beta1, and HIF-1alpha mRNA expressions were significantly higher in the immobilization and belt groups than in the control group. These expressions were significantly lower in the Belt group than in the immobilization group. The capillary-to-myofiber ratio and the mRNA expressions of VEGF and PGC-1alpha were significantly lower in the immobilization and belt groups than in the control group, these were significantly higher in the Belt group than in the immobilization group. From these results, Electrical stimulation-based twitch exercise using the belt electrode device may prevent the progression of immobilization-induced muscle fibrosis caused by downregulating PGC-1alpha/VEGF pathway, we surmised that this intervention strategy might be effective against the progression of muscle contracture. Keywords: Immobilization, Skeletal muscle, Fibrosis, Electrical stimulation-based twitch exercise, PGC-1alpha/VEGF pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Honda
- Department of Physical Therapy Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu B, Xie D, Huang X, Jin S, Dai Y, Sun X, Li D, Bennett AM, Diano S, Huang Y. Skeletal muscle TET3 promotes insulin resistance through destabilisation of PGC-1α. Diabetologia 2024; 67:724-737. [PMID: 38216792 PMCID: PMC10904493 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-06073-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
AIM/HYPOTHESIS The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator α (PGC-1α) plays a critical role in the maintenance of glucose, lipid and energy homeostasis by orchestrating metabolic programs in multiple tissues in response to environmental cues. In skeletal muscles, PGC-1α dysregulation has been associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes but the underlying mechanisms have remained elusive. This research aims to understand the role of TET3, a member of the ten-eleven translocation (TET) family dioxygenases, in PGC-1α dysregulation in skeletal muscles in obesity and diabetes. METHODS TET expression levels in skeletal muscles were analysed in humans with or without type 2 diabetes, as well as in mouse models of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced or genetically induced (ob/ob) obesity/diabetes. Muscle-specific Tet3 knockout (mKD) mice were generated to study TET3's role in muscle insulin sensitivity. Genome-wide expression profiling (RNA-seq) of muscle tissues from wild-type (WT) and mKD mice was performed to mine deeper insights into TET3-mediated regulation of muscle insulin sensitivity. The correlation between PGC-1α and TET3 expression levels was investigated using muscle tissues and in vitro-derived myotubes. PGC-1α phosphorylation and degradation were analysed using in vitro assays. RESULTS TET3 expression was elevated in skeletal muscles of humans with type 2 diabetes and in HFD-fed and ob/ob mice compared with healthy controls. mKD mice exhibited enhanced glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and resilience to HFD-induced insulin resistance. Pathway analysis of RNA-seq identified 'Mitochondrial Function' and 'PPARα Pathway' to be among the top biological processes regulated by TET3. We observed higher PGC-1α levels (~25%) in muscles of mKD mice vs WT mice, and lower PGC-1α protein levels (~25-60%) in HFD-fed or ob/ob mice compared with their control counterparts. In human and murine myotubes, increased PGC-1α levels following TET3 knockdown contributed to improved mitochondrial respiration and insulin sensitivity. TET3 formed a complex with PGC-1α and interfered with its phosphorylation, leading to its destabilisation. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results demonstrate an essential role for TET3 in the regulation of skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity and suggest that TET3 may be used as a potential therapeutic target for the metabolic syndrome. DATA AVAILABILITY Sequences are available from the Gene Expression Omnibus ( https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/ ) with accession number of GSE224042.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Advanced Reproductive Medicine and Fertility, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Di Xie
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xinmei Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sungho Jin
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yangyang Dai
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Da Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Advanced Reproductive Medicine and Fertility, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Anton M Bennett
- Departments of Pharmacology and of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sabrina Diano
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yingqun Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ren Z, Ahn EH, Do M, Mair DB, Monemianesfahani A, Lee PHU, Kim DH. Simulated microgravity attenuates myogenesis and contractile function of 3D engineered skeletal muscle tissues. NPJ Microgravity 2024; 10:18. [PMID: 38365862 PMCID: PMC10873406 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-024-00353-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
While the effects of microgravity on inducing skeletal muscle atrophy have been extensively studied, the impacts of microgravity on myogenesis and its mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we developed a microphysiological system of engineered muscle tissue (EMT) fabricated using a collagen / Matrigel composite hydrogel and murine skeletal myoblasts. This 3D EMT model allows non-invasive quantitative assessment of contractile function. After applying a 7-day differentiation protocol to induce myotube formation, the EMTs clearly exhibited sarcomerogenesis, myofilament formation, and synchronous twitch and tetanic contractions with electrical stimuli. Using this 3D EMT system, we investigated the effects of simulated microgravity at 10-3 G on myogenesis and contractile function utilizing a random positioning machine. EMTs cultured for 5 days in simulated microgravity exhibited significantly reduced contractile forces, myofiber size, and differential expression of muscle contractile, myogenesis regulatory, and mitochondrial biogenesis-related proteins. These results indicate simulated microgravity attenuates myogenesis, resulting in impaired muscle function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanping Ren
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Eun Hyun Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Minjae Do
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Devin B Mair
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Amir Monemianesfahani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Peter H U Lee
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Southcoast Health, Fall River, MA, 02720, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Center for Microphysiological Systems, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Actis Dato V, Lange S, Cho Y. Metabolic Flexibility of the Heart: The Role of Fatty Acid Metabolism in Health, Heart Failure, and Cardiometabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1211. [PMID: 38279217 PMCID: PMC10816475 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review explores the critical role of fatty acid (FA) metabolism in cardiac diseases, particularly heart failure (HF), and the implications for therapeutic strategies. The heart's reliance on ATP, primarily sourced from mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, underscores the significance of metabolic flexibility, with fatty acid oxidation (FAO) being a dominant source. In HF, metabolic shifts occur with an altered FA uptake and FAO, impacting mitochondrial function and contributing to disease progression. Conditions like obesity and diabetes also lead to metabolic disturbances, resulting in cardiomyopathy marked by an over-reliance on FAO, mitochondrial dysfunction, and lipotoxicity. Therapeutic approaches targeting FA metabolism in cardiac diseases have evolved, focusing on inhibiting or stimulating FAO to optimize cardiac energetics. Strategies include using CPT1A inhibitors, using PPARα agonists, and enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis and function. However, the effectiveness varies, reflecting the complexity of metabolic remodeling in HF. Hence, treatment strategies should be individualized, considering that cardiac energy metabolism is intricate and tightly regulated. The therapeutic aim is to optimize overall metabolic function, recognizing the pivotal role of FAs and the need for further research to develop effective therapies, with promising new approaches targeting mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and FAO that improve cardiac function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Actis Dato
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (V.A.D.); (S.L.)
| | - Stephan Lange
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (V.A.D.); (S.L.)
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, DK 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Yoshitake Cho
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (V.A.D.); (S.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Huang W, Bates R, Zou X, Queen NJ, Mo X, Arnold WD, Ray A, Owendoff G, Cao L. Environmental Enrichment Improves Motor Function and Muscle Transcriptome of Aged Mice. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300148. [PMID: 37518850 PMCID: PMC10825065 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Aging results in the progressive decline of muscle strength. Interventions to maintain muscle strength may mitigate the age-related loss of physical function, thus maximizing health span. The work on environmental enrichment (EE), an experimental paradigm recapitulating aspects of an active lifestyle, has revealed EE-induced metabolic benefits mediated by a brain-fat axis across the lifespan of mice. EE initiated at 18-month of age shows a trend toward an increased mean lifespan. While previous work described EE's influences on the aging dynamics of several central-peripheral processes, its influence on muscle remained understudied. Here, the impact of EE is investigated on motor function, neuromuscular physiology, and the skeletal muscle transcriptome. EE is initiated in 20-month-old mice for a five-month period. EE mice exhibit greater relative lean mass that is associated with improved mobility and hindlimb grip strength. Transcriptomic profiling of muscle tissue reveals an EE-associated enrichment of gene expression within several metabolic pathways related to oxidative phosphorylation and the TCA cycle. Many mitochondrial-related genes-several of which participate in the electron transport chain-are upregulated. Stress-responsive signaling pathways are downregulated because of EE. The results suggest that EE improves motor function-possibly through preservation of mitochondrial function-even late in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Rhiannon Bates
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xunchang Zou
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Queen
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xiaokui Mo
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - W. David Arnold
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Alissa Ray
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Gregory Owendoff
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cai J, Xing L, Zhang W, Zhang J, Zhou L, Wang Z. Effect of Yeast-Derived Peptides on Skeletal Muscle Function and Exercise-Induced Fatigue in C2C12 Myotube Cells and ICR Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:15522-15537. [PMID: 37807259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
In our previous study, the antioxidant peptides (XHY69AP, AP-D, YPLP, and AGPL) were obtained from potential probiotic yeast (Yamadazyma triangularis XHY69), which was selected by our lab from dry-cured ham. This work aimed to explore the effects of yeast-derived peptides on skeletal muscle function and muscle fatigue. Results showed that yeast-derived peptides up-regulated slow-twitch fiber expression and down-regulated fast-twitch fiber expression in C2C12 cells (p < 0.05). The peptides improved mitochondrial membrane potential, adenosine triphosphate generation, and expression of cytochrome-relative genes, thus promoting mitochondrial function. Among these peptides, YPLP up-regulated the relative gene expression of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway and activated AMPK by phosphorylation. Moreover, YPLP could prolong treadmill time, increase muscle and liver glycogen contents, reduce lactic acid and urea nitrogen contents, and alleviate muscle tissue injury in ICR exercise mice. These results demonstrate that yeast-derived peptides could change the muscle fiber composition, improve muscle function, and relieve muscle fatigue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Lujuan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Wangang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Zixu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kawakami R, Matsui H, Matsui M, Iso T, Yokoyama T, Ishii H, Kurabayashi M. Empagliflozin induces the transcriptional program for nutrient homeostasis in skeletal muscle in normal mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18025. [PMID: 37865720 PMCID: PMC10590450 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45390-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) improve heart failure (HF) outcomes across a range of patient characteristics. A hypothesis that SGLT2i induce metabolic change similar to fasting has recently been proposed to explain their profound clinical benefits. However, it remains unclear whether SGLT2i primarily induce this change in physiological settings. Here, we demonstrate that empagliflozin administration under ad libitum feeding did not cause weight loss but did increase transcripts of the key nutrient sensors, AMP-activated protein kinase and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, and the master regulator of mitochondrial gene expression, PGC-1α, in quadriceps muscle in healthy mice. Expression of these genes correlated with that of PPARα and PPARδ target genes related to mitochondrial metabolism and oxidative stress response, and also correlated with serum ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate. These results were not observed in the heart. Collectively, this study revealed that empagliflozin activates transcriptional programs critical for sensing and adaptation to nutrient availability intrinsic to skeletal muscle rather than the heart even in normocaloric condition. As activation of PGC-1α is sufficient for metabolic switch from fatigable, glycolytic metabolism toward fatigue-resistant, oxidative mechanism in skeletal muscle myofibers, our findings may partly explain the improvement of exercise tolerance in patients with HF receiving empagliflozin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Kawakami
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroki Matsui
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Miki Matsui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Iso
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yokoyama
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hideki Ishii
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kurabayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ferreira RP, Duarte JA. Protein Turnover in Skeletal Muscle: Looking at Molecular Regulation towards an Active Lifestyle. Int J Sports Med 2023; 44:763-777. [PMID: 36854391 DOI: 10.1055/a-2044-8277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a highly plastic tissue, able to change its mass and functional properties in response to several stimuli. Skeletal muscle mass is influenced by the balance between protein synthesis and breakdown, which is regulated by several signaling pathways. The relative contribution of Akt/mTOR signaling, ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, autophagy among other signaling pathways to protein turnover and, therefore, to skeletal muscle mass, differs depending on the wasting or loading condition and muscle type. By modulating mitochondria biogenesis, PGC-1α has a major role in the cell's bioenergetic status and, thus, on protein turnover. In fact, rates of protein turnover regulate differently the levels of distinct protein classes in response to atrophic or hypertrophic stimuli. Mitochondrial protein turnover rates may be enhanced in wasting conditions, whereas the increased turnover of myofibrillar proteins triggers muscle mass gain. The present review aims to update the knowledge on the molecular pathways implicated in the regulation of protein turnover in skeletal muscle, focusing on how distinct muscle proteins may be modulated by lifestyle interventions with emphasis on exercise training. The comprehensive analysis of the anabolic effects of exercise programs will pave the way to the tailored management of muscle wasting conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Pinho Ferreira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jose Alberto Duarte
- TOXRUN - Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal
- CIAFEL, Faculty of Sports, University of Porto and Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
You CL, Lee SJ, Lee J, Vuong TA, Lee HY, Jeong SY, Alishir A, Walker AS, Bae GU, Kim KH, Kang JS. Inonotus obliquus upregulates muscle regeneration and augments function through muscle oxidative metabolism. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:4898-4914. [PMID: 37781506 PMCID: PMC10539711 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.84970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle wasting related to aging or pathological conditions is critically associated with the increased incidence and prevalence of secondary diseases including cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndromes, and chronic inflammations. Much effort is made to develop agents to enhance muscle metabolism and function. Inonotus obliquus (I. obliquus; IO) is a mushroom popularly called chaga and has been widely employed as a folk medicine for inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer in Eastern Europe and Asia. However, its effect on muscle health has not been explored. Here, we aimed to investigate the beneficial effect of IO extract in muscle regeneration and metabolism. The treatment of IO in C2C12 myoblasts led to increased myogenic differentiation and alleviation of dexamethasone-induced myotube atrophy. Network pharmacological analysis using the identified specific chemical constituents of IO extracts predicted protein kinase B (AKT)-dependent mechanisms to promote myogenesis and muscle regeneration. Consistently, IO treatment resulted in the activation of AKT, which suppressed muscle-specific ubiquitin E3 ligases induced by dexamethasone. IO treatment in mice improved the regeneration of cardiotoxin-injured muscles accompanied by elevated proliferation and differentiation of muscle stem cells. Furthermore, it elevated the mitochondrial content and muscle oxidative metabolism accompanied by the induction of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator α (PGC-1α). Our current data suggest that IO is a promising natural agent in enhancing muscle regenerative capacity and oxidative metabolism thereby preventing muscle wasting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Lim You
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Lee
- Research Institute of Aging Related Disease, AniMusCure Inc., Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Lee
- Research Institute of Aging Related Disease, AniMusCure Inc., Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Tuan Anh Vuong
- Research Institute of Aging Related Disease, AniMusCure Inc., Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Young Lee
- Research Institute of Aging Related Disease, AniMusCure Inc., Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Yun Jeong
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Akida Alishir
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Allison S. Walker
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States
| | - Gyu-Un Bae
- Research Institute of Aging Related Disease, AniMusCure Inc., Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Drug Information Research Institute, Muscle Physiome Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sun Kang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Morena da Silva F, Esser KA, Murach KA, Greene NP. Inflammation o'clock: interactions of circadian rhythms with inflammation-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. J Physiol 2023:10.1113/JP284808. [PMID: 37563881 PMCID: PMC10858298 DOI: 10.1113/jp284808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are ∼24 h cycles evident in behaviour, physiology and metabolism. The molecular mechanism directing circadian rhythms is the circadian clock, which is composed of an interactive network of transcription-translation feedback loops. The core clock genes include Bmal1, Clock, Rev-erbα/β, Per and Cry. In addition to keeping time, the core clock regulates a daily programme of gene expression that is important for overall cell homeostasis. The circadian clock mechanism is present in all cells, including skeletal muscle fibres, and disruption of the muscle clock is associated with changes in muscle phenotype and function. Skeletal muscle atrophy is largely associated with a lower quality of life, frailty and reduced lifespan. Physiological and genetic modification of the core clock mechanism yields immune dysfunction, alters inflammatory factor expression and secretion and is associated with skeletal muscle atrophy in multiple conditions, such as ageing and cancer cachexia. Here, we summarize the possible interplay between the circadian clock modulation of immune cells, systemic inflammatory status and skeletal muscle atrophy in chronic inflammatory conditions. Although there is a clear disruption of circadian clocks in various models of atrophy, the mechanism behind such alterations remains unknown. Understanding the modulatory potential of muscle and immune circadian clocks in inflammation and skeletal muscle health is essential for the development of therapeutic strategies to protect skeletal muscle mass and function of patients with chronic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francielly Morena da Silva
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Karyn A Esser
- Department of Physiology and Ageing, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kevin A Murach
- Molecular Muscle Mass Regulation Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Nicholas P Greene
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chambers TL, Stroh AM, Chavez C, Brandt AR, Claiborne A, Fountain WA, Gries KJ, Jones AM, Kuszmaul DJ, Lee GA, Lester BE, Lynch CE, Minchev K, Montenegro CF, Naruse M, Raue U, Trappe TA, Trappe S. Multitissue responses to exercise: a MoTrPAC feasibility study. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 135:302-315. [PMID: 37318985 PMCID: PMC10393343 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00210.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We assessed the feasibility of the Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) human adult clinical exercise protocols, while also documenting select cardiovascular, metabolic, and molecular responses to these protocols. After phenotyping and familiarization sessions, 20 subjects (25 ± 2 yr, 12 M, 8 W) completed an endurance exercise bout (n = 8, 40 min cycling at 70% V̇o2max), a resistance exercise bout (n = 6, ∼45 min, 3 sets of ∼10 repetition maximum, 8 exercises), or a resting control period (n = 6, 40 min rest). Blood samples were taken before, during, and after (10 min, 2 h, and 3.5 h) exercise or rest for levels of catecholamines, cortisol, glucagon, insulin, glucose, free fatty acids, and lactate. Heart rate was recorded throughout exercise (or rest). Skeletal muscle (vastus lateralis) and adipose (periumbilical) biopsies were taken before and ∼4 h following exercise or rest for mRNA levels of genes related to energy metabolism, growth, angiogenesis, and circadian processes. Coordination of the timing of procedural components (e.g., local anesthetic delivery, biopsy incisions, tumescent delivery, intravenous line flushes, sample collection and processing, exercise transitions, and team dynamics) was reasonable to orchestrate while considering subject burden and scientific objectives. The cardiovascular and metabolic alterations reflected a dynamic and unique response to endurance and resistance exercise, whereas skeletal muscle was transcriptionally more responsive than adipose 4 h postexercise. In summary, the current report provides the first evidence of protocol execution and feasibility of key components of the MoTrPAC human adult clinical exercise protocols. Scientists should consider designing exercise studies in various populations to interface with the MoTrPAC protocols and DataHub.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study highlights the feasibility of key aspects of the MoTrPAC adult human clinical protocols. This initial preview of what can be expected from acute exercise trial data from MoTrPAC provides an impetus for scientists to design exercise studies to interlace with the rich phenotypic and -omics data that will populate the MoTrPAC DataHub at the completion of the parent protocol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toby L Chambers
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Andrew M Stroh
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Clarisa Chavez
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Anna R Brandt
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Alex Claiborne
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - William A Fountain
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Kevin J Gries
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Andrew M Jones
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Dillon J Kuszmaul
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Gary A Lee
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Bridget E Lester
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Colleen E Lynch
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Kiril Minchev
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | | | - Masatoshi Naruse
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Ulrika Raue
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Todd A Trappe
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Scott Trappe
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sopariwala DH, Hao NTT, Narkar VA. Estrogen-related Receptor Signaling in Skeletal Muscle Fitness. Int J Sports Med 2023; 44:609-617. [PMID: 36787804 PMCID: PMC11168301 DOI: 10.1055/a-2035-8192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a highly plastic tissue that can alter its metabolic and contractile features, as well as regenerative potential in response to exercise and other conditions. Multiple signaling factors including metabolites, kinases, receptors, and transcriptional factors have been studied in the regulation of skeletal muscle plasticity. Recently, estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) have emerged as a critical transcriptional hub in control of skeletal muscle homeostasis. ERRα and ERRγ - the two highly expressed ERR sub-types in the muscle respond to various extracellular cues such as exercise, hypoxia, fasting and dietary factors, in turn regulating gene expression in the skeletal muscle. On the other hand, conditions such as diabetes and muscular dystrophy suppress expression of ERRs in the skeletal muscle, likely contributing to disease progression. We highlight key functions of ERRs in the skeletal muscle including the regulation of fiber type, mitochondrial metabolism, vascularization, and regeneration. We also describe how ERRs are regulated in the skeletal muscle, and their interaction with important muscle regulators (e. g. AMPK and PGCs). Finally, we identify critical gaps in our understanding of ERR signaling in the skeletal muscle, and suggest future areas of investigation to advance ERRs as potential targets for function promoting therapeutics in muscle diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danesh H. Sopariwala
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nguyen Thi Thu Hao
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vihang A. Narkar
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Weakness and Critical Illness Myopathy: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065516. [PMID: 36982590 PMCID: PMC10052131 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are key structures providing most of the energy needed to maintain homeostasis. They are the main source of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), participate in glucose, lipid and amino acid metabolism, store calcium and are integral components in various intracellular signaling cascades. However, due to their crucial role in cellular integrity, mitochondrial damage and dysregulation in the context of critical illness can severely impair organ function, leading to energetic crisis and organ failure. Skeletal muscle tissue is rich in mitochondria and, therefore, particularly vulnerable to mitochondrial dysfunction. Intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICUAW) and critical illness myopathy (CIM) are phenomena of generalized weakness and atrophying skeletal muscle wasting, including preferential myosin breakdown in critical illness, which has also been linked to mitochondrial failure. Hence, imbalanced mitochondrial dynamics, dysregulation of the respiratory chain complexes, alterations in gene expression, disturbed signal transduction as well as impaired nutrient utilization have been proposed as underlying mechanisms. This narrative review aims to highlight the current known molecular mechanisms immanent in mitochondrial dysfunction of patients suffering from ICUAW and CIM, as well as to discuss possible implications for muscle phenotype, function and therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
|
18
|
Li X, Chen Y, Gong S, Chen H, Liu H, Li X, Hao J. Emerging roles of TFE3 in metabolic regulation. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:93. [PMID: 36906611 PMCID: PMC10008649 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01395-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
TFE3 is a member of the MiT family of the bHLH-leucine zipper transcription factor. We previously focused on the role of TFE3 in autophagy and cancer. Recently, an increasing number of studies have revealed that TFE3 plays an important role in metabolic regulation. TFE3 participates in the metabolism of energy in the body by regulating pathways such as glucose and lipid metabolism, mitochondrial metabolism, and autophagy. This review summarizes and discusses the specific regulatory mechanisms of TFE3 in metabolism. We determined both the direct regulation of TFE3 on metabolically active cells, such as hepatocytes and skeletal muscle cells, and the indirect regulation of TFE3 through mitochondrial quality control and the autophagy-lysosome pathway. The role of TFE3 in tumor cell metabolism is also summarized in this review. Understanding the diverse roles of TFE3 in metabolic processes can provide new avenues for the treatment of some metabolism-related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Li
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Yongming Chen
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Siqiao Gong
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Huixia Chen
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Huafeng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China.
| | - Junfeng Hao
- Institute of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Heydemann A, Siemionow M. A Brief Review of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Treatment Options, with an Emphasis on Two Novel Strategies. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030830. [PMID: 36979809 PMCID: PMC10044847 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the full cloning of the Dystrophin cDNA 35 years ago, no effective treatment exists for the Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) patients who have a mutation in this gene. Many treatment options have been considered, investigated preclinically and some clinically, but none have circumvented all barriers and effectively treated the disease without burdening the patients with severe side-effects. However, currently, many novel therapies are in the pipelines of research labs and pharmaceutical companies and many of these have progressed to clinical trials. A brief review of these promising therapies is presented, followed by a description of two novel technologies that when utilized together effectively treat the disease in the mdx mouse model. One novel technology is to generate chimeric cells from the patient’s own cells and a normal donor. The other technology is to systemically transplant these cells into the femur via the intraosseous route.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahlke Heydemann
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Siemionow
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Metformin Attenuates Slow-to-Fast Fiber Shift and Proteolysis Markers Increase in Rat Soleus after 7 Days of Rat Hindlimb Unloading. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010503. [PMID: 36613942 PMCID: PMC9820761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle unloading leads to signaling alterations that cause muscle atrophy and weakness. The cellular energy sensor AMPK can regulate myofiber-type shift, calcium-dependent signaling and ubiquitin-proteasome system markers. We hypothesized that the prevention of p-AMPK downregulation during the first week of muscle unloading would impede atrophy development and the slow-to-fast shift of soleus muscle fibers, and the aim of the study was to test this hypothesis. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups: placebo control (C), control rats treated with metformin (C + M), 7 days of hindlimb suspension (HS) + placebo (7HS), and 7 days of HS + metformin administration (7HS + M). In the soleus of the 7HS rats, we detected a slow-to-fast fiber-type shift as well as a significant downregulation of MEF-2D and p300 in the nuclei. In the 7HS group, we also found decreases in p-ACC (AMPK target) protein level and in the expression of E3 ubiquitin ligases and p-CaMK II protein level vs. the C group. The 7-day metformin treatment for soleus muscle unloading (1) prevented slow-to-fast fiber-type shift; (2) counteracted changes in the p-ACC protein level; (3) hindered changes in the nuclear protein level of the slow myosin expression activators MEF-2D and p300, but did not affect NFATc1 signaling; and (4) attenuated the unloading-induced upregulation of MuRF-1, atrogin-1, ubiquitin and myostatin mRNA expression, but did not prevent soleus muscle atrophy. Thus, metformin treatment during muscle disuse could be useful to prevent the decrease in the percentage of slow-type fatigue-resistant muscle fibers.
Collapse
|
21
|
Lee B, Kim SK, Shin YJ, Son YH, Yang JW, Lee SM, Yang YR, Lee KP, Kwon KS. Genome-wide analysis of a cellular exercise model based on electrical pulse stimulation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21251. [PMID: 36481702 PMCID: PMC9731977 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25758-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle communicates with other organs via myokines, which are secreted by muscle during exercise and exert various effects. Despite much investigation of the exercise, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still not fully understood. Here, we applied an in vitro exercise model in which cultured C2C12 myotubes were subjected to electrical pulse stimulation (EPS), which mimics contracting muscle. Based on the significantly up- and down-regulated genes in EPS, we constructed an in silico model to predict exercise responses at the transcriptional level. The in silico model revealed similarities in the transcriptomes of the EPS and exercised animals. Comparative analysis of the EPS data and exercised mouse muscle identified putative biomarkers in exercise signaling pathways and enabled to discover novel exercise-induced myokines. Biochemical analysis of selected exercise signature genes in muscle from exercised mice showed that EPS mimics in vivo exercise, at least in part, at the transcriptional level. Consequently, we provide a novel myokine, Amphiregulin (AREG), up-regulated both in vitro and in vivo, that would be a potential target for exercise mimetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bora Lee
- grid.249967.70000 0004 0636 3099Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Kyu Kim
- grid.249967.70000 0004 0636 3099Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea ,grid.412786.e0000 0004 1791 8264Department of Bioinformatics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113 Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo Jin Shin
- grid.249967.70000 0004 0636 3099Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Son
- grid.249967.70000 0004 0636 3099Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Yang
- grid.249967.70000 0004 0636 3099Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea ,grid.412786.e0000 0004 1791 8264Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Min Lee
- grid.249967.70000 0004 0636 3099Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Ryul Yang
- grid.249967.70000 0004 0636 3099Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Pyo Lee
- grid.249967.70000 0004 0636 3099Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea ,grid.412786.e0000 0004 1791 8264Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113 Republic of Korea ,Aventi Inc., Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Sun Kwon
- grid.249967.70000 0004 0636 3099Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea ,grid.412786.e0000 0004 1791 8264Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113 Republic of Korea ,Aventi Inc., Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang C, Shang L, Guo Q, Duan Y, Han M, Li F, Yin Y, Qiao S. Effectiveness and safety evaluation of graded levels of N-carbamylglutamate in growing-finishing pigs. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2022; 10:412-418. [PMID: 36016840 PMCID: PMC9382136 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was as follows: 1) to investigate the effects of graded levels of N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) on performance, blood biochemical indexes, carcass traits and related indicators in growing-finishing pigs, and 2) to determine the optimal supplemental level. The toxicity of high-dose (much higher than recommended levels) NCG was assessed by routine blood tests and blood biochemical and histopathologic examinations of the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney and stomach. One hundred and forty-four growing-finishing pigs (Duroc × Large White × Landrace, 32.24 ± 1.03 kg) were used in a 74-d experiment and each treatment was replicated 6 times with 4 pigs (2 barrows and 2 gilts) per replicate. The dietary treatments were a corn-soybean meal basal diet supplemented with 0% (control), 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2% or 1% NCG. The first 5 groups were used to explore the optimal supplemental level of NCG, while the control, 0.1% and 1% NCG groups were used to explore the safety of high-dose NCG. Compared with the normal control group, the final body weight and average daily gain tended to be higher in the 0.1% group (P = 0.08), the lean percentage tended to be higher in the 0.05% group (P = 0.07), the levels of free amino acids in the blood significantly increased in the 0.1% group (P < 0.05), both 0.1% and 0.15% NCG supplementation increased the levels of nitric oxide (NO) in serum (P = 0.07) and muscle growth- and lipid metabolism-related gene expression (P < 0.05) and NCG supplementation improved C18:1N9C monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in a dose-dependent manner (P = 0.08). In addition, routine blood tests, blood biochemical indexes and histopathological examination revealed no abnormalities. Overall, increasing the levels of NCG did not linearly improve the above indicators; the 0.1% dose showed the best effect, and a high dose (1%) did not pose a toxicity risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Bio-feed Additives Key Laboratory, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lijun Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Bio-feed Additives Key Laboratory, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiuping Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 100045, China
| | - Yehui Duan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 100045, China
| | - Mengmeng Han
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 100045, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Fengna Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 100045, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 100045, China
| | - Shiyan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Bio-feed Additives Key Laboratory, Beijing 100193, China
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Meijboom KE, Sutton ER, McCallion E, McFall E, Anthony D, Edwards B, Kubinski S, Tapken I, Bünermann I, Hazell G, Ahlskog N, Claus P, Davies KE, Kothary R, Wood MJA, Bowerman M. Dysregulation of Tweak and Fn14 in skeletal muscle of spinal muscular atrophy mice. Skelet Muscle 2022; 12:18. [PMID: 35902978 PMCID: PMC9331072 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-022-00301-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a childhood neuromuscular disorder caused by depletion of the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. SMA is characterized by the selective death of spinal cord motor neurons, leading to progressive muscle wasting. Loss of skeletal muscle in SMA is a combination of denervation-induced muscle atrophy and intrinsic muscle pathologies. Elucidation of the pathways involved is essential to identify the key molecules that contribute to and sustain muscle pathology. The tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK)/TNF receptor superfamily member fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14) pathway has been shown to play a critical role in the regulation of denervation-induced muscle atrophy as well as muscle proliferation, differentiation, and metabolism in adults. However, it is not clear whether this pathway would be important in highly dynamic and developing muscle. METHODS We thus investigated the potential role of the TWEAK/Fn14 pathway in SMA muscle pathology, using the severe Taiwanese Smn-/-; SMN2 and the less severe Smn2B/- SMA mice, which undergo a progressive neuromuscular decline in the first three post-natal weeks. We also used experimental models of denervation and muscle injury in pre-weaned wild-type (WT) animals and siRNA-mediated knockdown in C2C12 muscle cells to conduct additional mechanistic investigations. RESULTS Here, we report significantly dysregulated expression of Tweak, Fn14, and previously proposed downstream effectors during disease progression in skeletal muscle of the two SMA mouse models. In addition, siRNA-mediated Smn knockdown in C2C12 myoblasts suggests a genetic interaction between Smn and the TWEAK/Fn14 pathway. Further analyses of SMA, Tweak-/-, and Fn14-/- mice revealed dysregulated myopathy, myogenesis, and glucose metabolism pathways as a common skeletal muscle feature, providing further evidence in support of a relationship between the TWEAK/Fn14 pathway and Smn. Finally, administration of the TWEAK/Fn14 agonist Fc-TWEAK improved disease phenotypes in the two SMA mouse models. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides mechanistic insights into potential molecular players that contribute to muscle pathology in SMA and into likely differential responses of the TWEAK/Fn14 pathway in developing muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina E Meijboom
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Gene Therapy Center, UMass Medical School, Worcester, USA
| | - Emma R Sutton
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Eve McCallion
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Emily McFall
- Regenerative Medicine Program and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Daniel Anthony
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Benjamin Edwards
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sabrina Kubinski
- Center for Systems Neuroscience and Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ines Tapken
- Center for Systems Neuroscience and Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,SMATHERIA - Non-Profit Biomedical Research Institute, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ines Bünermann
- SMATHERIA - Non-Profit Biomedical Research Institute, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gareth Hazell
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nina Ahlskog
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter Claus
- Center for Systems Neuroscience and Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,SMATHERIA - Non-Profit Biomedical Research Institute, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kay E Davies
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rashmi Kothary
- Regenerative Medicine Program and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Matthew J A Wood
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Melissa Bowerman
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. .,School of Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK. .,Wolfson Centre for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease, RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mohamad Hazir NS, Yahaya NHM, Zawawi MSF, Damanhuri HA, Mohamed N, Alias E. Changes in Metabolism and Mitochondrial Bioenergetics during Polyethylene-Induced Osteoclastogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158331. [PMID: 35955464 PMCID: PMC9368566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in mitochondrial bioenergetics are believed to take place during osteoclastogenesis. This study aims to assess changes in mitochondrial bioenergetics and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels during polyethylene (PE)-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro. For this purpose, RAW264.7 cells were cultured for nine days and allowed to differentiate into osteoclasts in the presence of PE and RANKL. The total TRAP-positive cells, resorption activity, expression of osteoclast marker genes, ROS level, mitochondrial bioenergetics, glycolysis, and substrate utilization were measured. The effect of tocotrienols-rich fraction (TRF) treatment (50 ng/mL) on those parameters during PE-induced osteoclastogenesis was also studied. During PE-induced osteoclastogenesis, as depicted by an increase in TRAP-positive cells and gene expression of osteoclast-related markers, higher proton leak, higher extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), as well as higher levels of ROS and NADPH oxidases (NOXs) were observed in the differentiated cells. The oxidation level of some substrates in the differentiated group was higher than in other groups. TRF treatment significantly reduced the number of TRAP-positive osteoclasts, bone resorption activity, and ROS levels, as well as modulating the gene expression of antioxidant-related genes and mitochondrial function. In conclusion, changes in mitochondrial bioenergetics and substrate utilization were observed during PE-induced osteoclastogenesis, while TRF treatment modulated these changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nur Shukriyah Mohamad Hazir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (N.S.M.H.); (H.A.D.)
- Clinical Laboratory Section, Institute of Medical Science Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, A1-1, Jalan TKS 1, Taman Kajang Sentral, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Hamdan Mohamad Yahaya
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Muhamad Syahrul Fitri Zawawi
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
| | - Hanafi Ahmad Damanhuri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (N.S.M.H.); (H.A.D.)
| | - Norazlina Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Ekram Alias
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (N.S.M.H.); (H.A.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-3-91459559
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ishida T, Jobu K, Morisawa S, Kawada K, Yoshioka S, Miyamura M. Juzentaihoto Suppresses Muscle Atrophy in KKAy Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:888-894. [PMID: 35786596 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In obese patients with type 2 diabetes, reduced insulin sensitivity, increased production of inflammatory cytokines, and increased oxidative stress were observed, which lead to decreased protein synthesis and increased proteolysis in the skeletal muscles. Juzentaihoto (JTT) is herbal medicine and we have previously reported that the administration of JTT hot water extract alleviates skeletal muscle atrophy in a mouse model with streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes. In this study, we evaluated the inhibitory effects of JTT on muscle atrophy in a mouse model with obesity and type 2 diabetes. JTT was administered to KKAy mice with type 2 diabetic obesity and its effects on the skeletal muscles were evaluated. After JTT administration in KKAy mice, the wet weight and muscle fibre cross-sectional area of gastrocnemius increased and the time duration of exercise in the rotarod test improved. In addition, the serum levels of tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 decreased, adiponectin levels increased, and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance improved. Furthermore, JTT administration decreased the mRNA levels of ubiquitin ligase (atrogin-1, muscle RING-finger protein-1), increased the mRNA levels of Sirtuin1 in gastrocnemius. Our results suggest that JTT improves insulin resistance, suppresses inflammation, and reduces oxidative stress in KKAy mice, thereby suppressing skeletal muscle atrophy. JTT administration in clinical practice is expected to improve muscle atrophy in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kohei Jobu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital
| | - Shumpei Morisawa
- Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital.,Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Kochi University
| | - Kei Kawada
- Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital.,Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Kochi University
| | - Saburo Yoshioka
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Kochi University
| | - Mitsuhiko Miyamura
- Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital.,Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Kochi University
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sánchez Chapul L, Pérez de la Cruz G, Ramos Chávez LA, Valencia León JF, Torres Beltrán J, Estrada Camarena E, Carillo Mora P, Ramírez Ortega D, Baños Vázquez JU, Martínez Nava G, Luna Angulo A, Martínez Canseco C, Wences Chirino TY, Ríos Martínez J, Pérez de la Cruz V. Characterization of Redox Environment and Tryptophan Catabolism through Kynurenine Pathway in Military Divers’ and Swimmers’ Serum Samples. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071223. [PMID: 35883715 PMCID: PMC9312203 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endurance and resistance exercises, alone or in combination, induce metabolic changes that affect tryptophan (Trp) catabolism. The kynurenine pathway (KP) is the main route of Trp degradation, and it is modulated by the inflammatory and redox environments. Previous studies have shown that KP metabolites work as myokines that mediate the positive systemic effects related to exercise. However, it is poorly understood how different exercise modalities and intensities impact the KP. The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of two different exercise modalities, military diving and swimming, on the KP and the redox environment. A total of 34 healthy men from the Mexican Navy were included in the study, 20 divers and 14 swimmers, who started and stayed in military training consistently during the six months of the study; 12 Mexican men without fitness training were used as the control group. Physical fitness was determined at the beginning and after 6 months of training; criteria included body composition; serum levels of Trp, kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KYNA) and 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK); the glutathione ratio (GSH/GSSG); and malondialdehyde (MDA).. Results showed a significant loss of body fat in both the diver and swimmer groups. Compared with the control group, divers showed a decrease in Trp and 3-HK levels, but no changes were observed in the KYN/Trp, KYNA/Trp or 3-HK/Trp ratios, while swimmers showed a decrease in KYN levels and an increase in the KYNA and 3-HK levels. Additionally, divers showed a decrease in the GSH/GSSG ratio and an increase in MDA levels, in contrast to the swimmers, who showed a decrease in MDA levels and an increase in GSH/GSSG levels. Our findings suggest a differential shift in the KP and redox environment induced by diving and swimming. Swimming promotes an antioxidant environment and a peripheral overactivation of the KP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sánchez Chapul
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Neuromusculares, División de Neurociencias Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Mexico City 14389, Mexico; (A.L.A.); (T.Y.W.C.)
- Dirección General Adjunta de Sanidad Naval, Secretaría de Marina Armada de México, Mexico City 04830, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (L.S.C.); (V.P.d.l.C.); Tel.: +52-55-5999-1000 (ext. 19204) (L.S.C.); +52-55-5606-3822 (ext. 2006) (V.P.d.l.C.)
| | - Gonzalo Pérez de la Cruz
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Lucio Antonio Ramos Chávez
- Departamento de Neuromorfología Funcional, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Ramón de la Fuente”, Mexico City 14370, Mexico;
| | - Jesús F. Valencia León
- Dirección General Adjunta de Sanidad Naval, Secretaría de Marina Armada de México, Mexico City 04830, Mexico;
| | - Joel Torres Beltrán
- Subdirección de Medicina del Deporte, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Mexico City 14389, Mexico;
| | - Erika Estrada Camarena
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacología, Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría “Ramón de la Fuente”, Mexico City 14370, Mexico;
| | - Paul Carillo Mora
- División de Neurociencias Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Mexico City 14389, Mexico;
| | - Daniela Ramírez Ortega
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Mexico City 14269, Mexico;
| | - José U. Baños Vázquez
- Escuela de Búsqueda y Rescate y Buceo, Secretaría de Marina Armada de México, Mexico City 04830, Mexico;
| | - Gabriela Martínez Nava
- Laboratorio de Gerociencias, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Mexico City 14389, Mexico;
| | - Alexandra Luna Angulo
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Neuromusculares, División de Neurociencias Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Mexico City 14389, Mexico; (A.L.A.); (T.Y.W.C.)
| | - Carlos Martínez Canseco
- Servicio de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Mexico City 14389, Mexico;
| | - Tiffany Y. Wences Chirino
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Neuromusculares, División de Neurociencias Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Mexico City 14389, Mexico; (A.L.A.); (T.Y.W.C.)
| | - Juan Ríos Martínez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud de la Secretaria de Marina, Mexico City 04849, Mexico;
| | - Verónica Pérez de la Cruz
- Neurobiochemistry and Behavior Laboratory, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
- Correspondence: (L.S.C.); (V.P.d.l.C.); Tel.: +52-55-5999-1000 (ext. 19204) (L.S.C.); +52-55-5606-3822 (ext. 2006) (V.P.d.l.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Fan L, Sweet DR, Fan EK, Prosdocimo DA, Madera A, Jiang Z, Padmanabhan R, Haldar SM, Vinayachandran V, Jain MK. Transcription factors KLF15 and PPARδ cooperatively orchestrate genome-wide regulation of lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101926. [PMID: 35413288 PMCID: PMC9190004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle dynamically regulates systemic nutrient homeostasis through transcriptional adaptations to physiological cues. In response to changes in the metabolic environment (e.g., alterations in circulating glucose or lipid levels), networks of transcription factors and coregulators are recruited to specific genomic loci to fine-tune homeostatic gene regulation. Elucidating these mechanisms is of particular interest as these gene regulatory pathways can serve as potential targets to treat metabolic disease. The zinc-finger transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 15 (KLF15) is a critical regulator of metabolic homeostasis; however, its genome-wide distribution in skeletal muscle has not been previously identified. Here, we characterize the KLF15 cistrome in vivo in skeletal muscle and find that the majority of KLF15 binding is localized to distal intergenic regions and associated with genes related to circadian rhythmicity and lipid metabolism. We also identify critical interdependence between KLF15 and the nuclear receptor PPARδ in the regulation of lipid metabolic gene programs. We further demonstrate that KLF15 and PPARδ colocalize genome-wide, physically interact, and are dependent on one another to exert their transcriptional effects on target genes. These findings reveal that skeletal muscle KLF15 plays a critical role in metabolic adaptation through its direct actions on target genes and interactions with other nodal transcription factors such as PPARδ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Fan
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, and Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - David R Sweet
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, and Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Erica K Fan
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Domenick A Prosdocimo
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, and Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; The Webb Law Firm, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Annmarie Madera
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, and Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Zhen Jiang
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Roshan Padmanabhan
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, and Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Saptarsi M Haldar
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Vinesh Vinayachandran
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, and Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
| | - Mukesh K Jain
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, and Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Comprehensive Analysis of Long Noncoding RNA Modified by m 6A Methylation in Oxidative and Glycolytic Skeletal Muscles. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094600. [PMID: 35562992 PMCID: PMC9105514 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common modification in eukaryotic RNAs. Accumulating evidence shows m6A methylation plays vital roles in various biological processes, including muscle and fat differentiation. However, there is a lack of research on lncRNAs’ m6A modification in regulating pig muscle-fiber-type conversion. In this study, we identified novel and differentially expressed lncRNAs in oxidative and glycolytic skeletal muscles through RNA-seq, and further reported the m6A-methylation patterns of lncRNAs via MeRIP-seq. We found that most lncRNAs have one m6A peak, and the m6A peaks were preferentially enriched in the last exon of the lncRNAs. Interestingly, we found that lncRNAs’ m6A levels were positively correlated with their expression homeostasis and levels. Furthermore, we performed conjoint analysis of MeRIP-seq and RNA-seq data and obtained 305 differentially expressed and differentially m6A-modified lncRNAs (dme-lncRNAs). Through QTL enrichment analysis of dme-lncRNAs and PPI analysis for their cis-genes, we finally identified seven key m6A-modified lncRNAs that may play a potential role in muscle-fiber-type conversion. Notably, inhibition of one of the key lncRNAs, MSTRG.14200.1, delayed satellite cell differentiation and stimulated fast-to-slow muscle-fiber conversion. Our study comprehensively analyzed m6A modifications on lncRNAs in oxidative and glycolytic skeletal muscles and provided new targets for the study of pig muscle-fiber-type conversion.
Collapse
|
29
|
Egawa T, Ogawa T, Yokokawa T, Kido K, Goto K, Hayashi T. Methylglyoxal reduces molecular responsiveness to 4 weeks of endurance exercise in mouse plantaris muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 132:477-488. [PMID: 35023763 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00539.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endurance exercise triggers skeletal muscle adaptations, including enhanced insulin signaling, glucose metabolism, and mitochondrial biogenesis. However, exercise-induced skeletal muscle adaptations may not occur in some cases, a condition known as exercise-resistance. Methylglyoxal (MG) is a highly reactive dicarbonyl metabolite and has detrimental effects on the body such as causing diabetic complications, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation. This study aimed to clarify the effect of methylglyoxal on skeletal muscle molecular adaptations following endurance exercise. Mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 12 per group): sedentary control group, voluntary exercise group, MG-treated group, and MG-treated with voluntary exercise group. Mice in the voluntary exercise group were housed in a cage with a running wheel, while mice in the MG-treated groups received drinking water containing 1% MG. Four weeks of voluntary exercise induced several molecular adaptations in the plantaris muscle, including increased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1α), mitochondria complex proteins, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), 72-kDa heat shock protein (HSP72), hexokinase II, and glyoxalase 1; this also enhanced insulin-stimulated Akt Ser473 phosphorylation and citrate synthase activity. However, these adaptations were suppressed with MG treatment. In the soleus muscle, the exercise-induced increases in the expression of TLR4, HSP72, and advanced glycation end products receptor 1 were inhibited with MG treatment. These findings suggest that MG is a factor that inhibits endurance exercise-induced molecular responses including mitochondrial adaptations, insulin signaling activation, and the upregulation of several proteins related to mitochondrial biogenesis, glucose handling, and glycation in primarily fast-twitch skeletal muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuro Egawa
- Laboratory of Health and Exercise Sciences, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ogawa
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takumi Yokokawa
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kohei Kido
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Katsumasa Goto
- Laboratory of Physiology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyohashi SOZO University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Hayashi
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yun CE, So HK, Vuong TA, Na MW, Anh S, Lee HK, Kim KH, Kang JS, Bae GU, Lee SJ. Aronia Upregulates Myogenic Differentiation and Augments Muscle Mass and Function Through Muscle Metabolism. Front Nutr 2021; 8:753643. [PMID: 34888337 PMCID: PMC8650690 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.753643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Black chokeberry or aronia (the fruit of Aronia melanocarpa) has been reported to having pharmacological activities against metabolic syndrome, such as hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and pro-inflammatory conditions. However, the effects of aronia on myogenic differentiation and muscle homoeostasis are uncharacterized. In this study, we investigated the effects of aronia (black chokeberry) on myogenic differentiation and muscle metabolic functions in young mice. Aronia extract (AR) promotes myogenic differentiation and elevates the formation of multinucleated myotubes through Akt activation. AR protects dexamethasone (DEX)-induced myotube atrophy through inhibition of muscle-specific ubiquitin ligases mediated by Akt activation. The treatment with AR increases muscle mass and strength in mice without cardiac hypertrophy. AR treatment enhances both oxidative and glycolytic myofibers and muscle metabolism with elevated mitochondrial genes and glucose metabolism-related genes. Furthermore, AR-fed muscle fibers display increased levels of total OxPHOS and myoglobin proteins. Taken together, AR enhances myogenic differentiation and improves muscle mass and function, suggesting that AR has a promising potential as a nutraceutical remedy to intervene in muscle weakness and atrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chae-Eun Yun
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.,Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung So
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.,Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.,Research Institute of Aging Related Disease, AniMusCure Inc., Suwon, South Korea
| | - Tuan Anh Vuong
- Research Institute of Aging Related Disease, AniMusCure Inc., Suwon, South Korea
| | - Myung Woo Na
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Subin Anh
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.,Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Keun Lee
- Gyeonwoo Korean Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jong-Sun Kang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.,Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Gyu-Un Bae
- Drug Information Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Lee
- Research Institute of Aging Related Disease, AniMusCure Inc., Suwon, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
González LM, Ospina LN, Sperling LE, Chaparro O, Cucarián JD. Therapeutic Effects of Physical Exercise and the Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome by Modulating Neuroinflammatory Response in Multiple Sclerosis. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 17:621-632. [PMID: 34886779 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x16666211209155333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative, demyelinating, and chronic inflammatory disease characterized by central nervous system (CNS) lesions that lead to high levels of disability and severe physical and cognitive disturbances. Conventional therapies are not enough to control the neuroinflammatory process in MS and are not able to inhibit ongoing damage to the CNS. Thus, the secretome of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-S) has been postulated as a potential therapy that could mitigate symptoms and disease progression. We considered that its combination with physical exercise (EX) could induce superior effects and increase the MSC-S effectiveness in this condition. Recent studies have revealed that both EX and MSC-S share similar mechanisms of action that mitigate auto-reactive T cell infiltration, regulate the local inflammatory response, modulate the proinflammatory profile of glial cells, and reduce neuronal damage. Clinical and experimental studies have reported that these treatments in an isolated way also improve myelination, regeneration, promote the release of neurotrophic factors, and increase the recruitment of endogenous stem cells. Together, these effects reduce disease progression and improve patient functionality. Despite these results, the combination of these methods has not yet been studied in MS. In this review, we focus on molecular elements and cellular responses induced by these treatments in a separate way, showing their beneficial effects in the control of symptoms and disease progression in MS, as well as indicating their contribution in clinical fields. In addition, we propose the combined use of EX and MSC-S as a strategy to boost their reparative and immunomodulatory effects in this condition, combining their benefits on synaptogenesis, neurogenesis, remyelination, and neuroinflammatory response. The findings here reported are based on the scientific evidence and our professional experience that will bring significant progress to regenerative medicine to deal with this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina María González
- Physiotherapy Program, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario AK 24 #63c-69, Bogotá. Colombia
| | - Laura Natalia Ospina
- Physiotherapy Program, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario AK 24 #63c-69, Bogotá. Colombia
| | - Laura Elena Sperling
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Fundamental Health Science Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Prédio Anexo - Floresta, Porto Alegre. Brazil
| | - Orlando Chaparro
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Ak 30 #45-03, Bogotá. Colombia
| | - Jaison Daniel Cucarián
- Physiotherapy Program, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario AK 24 #63c-69, Bogotá. Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Jonsson WO, Ponette J, Horwath O, Rydenstam T, Söderlund K, Ekblom B, Azzolini M, Ruas JL, Blomstrand E. Changes in plasma concentration of kynurenine following intake of branched-chain amino acids are not caused by alterations in muscle kynurenine metabolism. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 322:C49-C62. [PMID: 34817270 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00285.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Administration of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) has been suggested to enhance mitochondrial biogenesis, including levels of PGC-1α, which may, in turn, alter kynurenine metabolism. Ten healthy subjects performed 60 min of dynamic one-leg exercise at ~70% of Wmax on two occasions. They were in random order supplied either a mixture of BCAA or flavored water (placebo) during the experiment. Blood samples were collected during exercise and recovery, and muscle biopsies were taken from both legs before, after and 90 and 180 min following exercise. Ingestion of BCAA doubled their concentration in both plasma and muscle while causing a 30-40% reduction (P<0.05 vs. placebo) in levels of aromatic amino acids in both resting and exercising muscle during 3-h recovery. The muscle concentration of kynurenine decreased by 25% (P<0.05) during recovery, similar in both resting and exercising leg and with both supplements, although plasma concentration of kynurenine during recovery was 10% lower (P<0.05) when BCAA were ingested. Ingestion of BCAA reduced the plasma concentration of kynurenic acid by 60% (P<0.01) during exercise and recovery, while the level remained unchanged with placebo. Exercise induced a 3-4-fold increase (P<0.05) in muscle content of PGC-1a1 mRNA after 90 min of recovery under both conditions, whereas levels of KAT4 mRNA and protein were unaffected by exercise or supplement. In conclusion, the reduction of plasma levels of kynurenine and kynurenic acid caused by BCAA were not associated with any changes in the level of muscle kynurenine, suggesting that kynurenine metabolism was altered in tissues other than muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William O Jonsson
- Department of Physiology, Biomechanics and Nutrition, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Ponette
- Department of Physiology, Biomechanics and Nutrition, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oscar Horwath
- Department of Physiology, Biomechanics and Nutrition, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Rydenstam
- Department of Physiology, Biomechanics and Nutrition, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Söderlund
- Department of Physiology, Biomechanics and Nutrition, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Ekblom
- Department of Physiology, Biomechanics and Nutrition, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michele Azzolini
- Department of Physiology, Biomechanics and Nutrition, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jorge L Ruas
- Department of Physiology, Biomechanics and Nutrition, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Blomstrand
- Department of Physiology, Biomechanics and Nutrition, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kis J, Rózsa L, Husvéth F, Zsolnai A, Anton I. Role of genes related to performance and reproduction of Thoroughbreds in training and breeding - A review. Acta Vet Hung 2021; 69:315-323. [PMID: 34739392 DOI: 10.1556/004.2021.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Thoroughbreds have been selected for speed and stamina since the 1700s. This selection resulted in structural and functional system-wide adaptations that enhanced physiological characteristics for outstanding speed of 61-71 kph (38-44 mph) between 1,000 and 3,200 m (5 furlongs - 2 miles). At present, horseracing is still an economically important industrial sector, therefore intensive research is underway to explore genes that allow the utilisation of genetic abilities and are significant in breeding and training. This study aims to provide an overview of genetic research and its applicability related to Thoroughbreds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judit Kis
- 1Department of Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kaposvár Campus, Guba Sándor u. 40, H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - László Rózsa
- 1Department of Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kaposvár Campus, Guba Sándor u. 40, H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Husvéth
- 2Department of Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Georgikon Campus, Hungary
| | - Attila Zsolnai
- 1Department of Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kaposvár Campus, Guba Sándor u. 40, H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - István Anton
- 1Department of Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kaposvár Campus, Guba Sándor u. 40, H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Das AS, Alfonzo JD, Accornero F. The importance of RNA modifications: From cells to muscle physiology. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2021; 13:e1700. [PMID: 34664402 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring post-transcriptional chemical modifications serve critical roles in impacting RNA structure and function. More directly, modifications may affect RNA stability, intracellular transport, translational efficiency, and fidelity. The combination of effects caused by modifications are ultimately linked to gene expression regulation at a genome-wide scale. The latter is especially true in systems that undergo rapid metabolic and or translational remodeling in response to external stimuli, such as the presence of stressors, but beyond that, modifications may also affect cell homeostasis. Although examples of the importance of RNA modifications in translation are accumulating rapidly, still what these contribute to the function of complex physiological systems such as muscle is only recently emerging. In the present review, we will introduce key information on various modifications and highlight connections between those and cellular malfunctions. In passing, we will describe well-documented roles for modifications in the nervous system and use this information as a stepping stone to emphasize a glaring paucity of knowledge on the role of RNA modifications in heart and skeletal muscle, with particular emphasis on mitochondrial function in those systems. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA Processing > RNA Editing and Modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anindhya Sundar Das
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Juan D Alfonzo
- The Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Federica Accornero
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,The Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abbadi D, Andrews JJ, Katsara O, Schneider RJ. AUF1 gene transfer increases exercise performance and improves skeletal muscle deficit in adult mice. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2021; 22:222-236. [PMID: 34485607 PMCID: PMC8399044 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Muscle function and mass begin declining in adults long before evidence of sarcopenia and include reduced mitochondrial function, although much remains to be characterized. We found that mRNA decay factor AU-rich mRNA binding factor 1 (AUF1), which stimulates myogenesis, is strongly reduced in skeletal muscle of adult and older mice in the absence of evidence of sarcopenia. Muscle-specific adeno-associated virus (AAV)8-AUF1 gene therapy increased expression of AUF1, muscle function, and mass. AAV8 AUF1 muscle gene transfer in 12-month-old mice increased the levels of activated muscle stem (satellite) cells, increased muscle mass, reduced markers of muscle atrophy, increased markers of mitochondrial content and muscle fiber oxidative capacity, and enhanced exercise performance to levels of 3-month-old mice. With wild-type and AUF1 knockout mice and cultured myoblasts, AUF1 supplementation of muscle fibers was found to increase expression of Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor Gamma Co-activator 1-alpha (PGC1α), a major effector of skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. AUF1 stabilized and increased translation of the pgc1α mRNA, which is strongly reduced in adult muscle in the absence of AUF1 supplementation. Skeletal muscle-specific gene transfer of AUF1 therefore restores muscle mass, increases exercise endurance, and may provide a therapeutic strategy for age-related muscle loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dounia Abbadi
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - John J. Andrews
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Olga Katsara
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Robert J. Schneider
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tanaka M, Ikeji T, Nakanishi R, Hirabayashi T, Ono K, Hirayama Y, Tategaki A, Kondo H, Ishihara A, Fujino H. Protective effects of Enterococcus faecium strain R30 supplementation on decreased muscle endurance under disuse in rats. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:1961-1970. [PMID: 34216158 DOI: 10.1113/ep089677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Does Enterococcus faecium strain R30 (R30), a new lactic acid bacterial strain for supplementation, attenuate shifts in the typology of whole muscle fibres from slow- to fast-twitch by altering the autonomic nervous system in atrophied skeletal muscles? What is the main finding and its importance? R30 supplementation may attenuate the shifts in the typology of whole muscle fibres from slow- to fast-twitch fibres by upregulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α and activating the calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T-cells signalling pathway, thus ameliorating the decrease in muscle endurance associated with disuse. ABSTRACT Enterococcus faecium strain R30 (R30), a new lactic acid bacterial strain for supplementation, was hypothesized to attenuate shifts in the typology of whole muscle fibres from slow- to fast-twitch fibres in atrophied skeletal muscles. We further postulated that the prevention of slow-to-fast fibre shifts would suppress the decreased muscle endurance associated with atrophy. To evaluate the protective effects of R30, we analysed slow-to-fast fibre shifts and disuse-associated reduced muscle endurance. R30 was administered to rats with an acclimation period of 7 days before hindlimb unloading (HU) for 2 weeks. The composition ratio of the fibre type and the expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), calcineurin and nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) were measured. Muscle endurance was evaluated at the end of the 2-week HU period in an in situ environment. R30 supplementation suppressed the slow-to-fast fibre switch and decreased the HU-induced expression of PGC-1α proteins and the deactivation of the calcineurin-NFAT pathway. Furthermore, R30 prevented a decrease in HU-associated muscle endurance in calf muscles. These results indicate that R30 supplementation may attenuate the shifts in the typology of whole muscle fibres from slow- to fast-twitch fibres via the upregulation of PGC-1α and the activation of the calcineurin-NFAT signalling pathway, thereby ameliorating the decrease in muscle endurance associated with disuse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Tanaka
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation Science, Osaka Health Science University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuya Ikeji
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Nakanishi
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan.,Faculty of Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Therapy, Kobe international University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takumi Hirabayashi
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kohei Ono
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hirayama
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Kaneka Corporation, Takasago, Japan
| | - Airo Tategaki
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Kaneka Corporation, Takasago, Japan
| | - Hiroyo Kondo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nagoya Women's University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ishihara
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidemi Fujino
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Goldsmith JA, Ennasr AN, Farkas GJ, Gater DR, Gorgey AS. Role of exercise on visceral adiposity after spinal cord injury: a cardiometabolic risk factor. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:2143-2163. [PMID: 33891156 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04688-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with cardiometabolic disease risk in able-bodied (AB) populations. However, the underlying mechanisms of VAT-induced disease risk are unknown in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI). Potential mechanisms of VAT-induced cardiometabolic dysfunction in persons with SCI include systemic inflammation, liver adiposity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and anabolic deficiency. Moreover, how exercise interventions impact these mechanisms associated with VAT-induced cardiometabolic dysfunction are still being explored. METHODS A search for relevant scientific literature about the effects of exercise on VAT and cardiometabolic health was conducted on the PubMed database. Literature from reference lists was also included when appropriate. RESULTS Both aerobic and resistance exercise training beneficially impact health and VAT mass via improving mitochondrial function, glucose effectiveness, and inflammatory signaling in SCI and AB populations. Specifically, aerobic exercise appears to also modulate cellular senescence in AB populations and animal models, while resistance exercise seems to augment anabolic signaling in persons with SCI. CONCLUSIONS The current evidence supports regular engagement in exercise to reduce VAT mass and the adverse effects on cardiometabolic health in persons with SCI. Future research is needed to further elucidate the precise mechanisms by which VAT negatively impacts health following SCI. This will likely facilitate the development of rehabilitation protocols that target VAT reduction in persons with SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Goldsmith
- Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Center, Central Virginia VA Health Care System, 1201 Broad Rock Boulevard, Richmond, VA, 23249, USA
| | - Areej N Ennasr
- Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Center, Central Virginia VA Health Care System, 1201 Broad Rock Boulevard, Richmond, VA, 23249, USA
| | - Gary J Farkas
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - David R Gater
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Ashraf S Gorgey
- Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Center, Central Virginia VA Health Care System, 1201 Broad Rock Boulevard, Richmond, VA, 23249, USA. .,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Queiroz AL, Lessard SJ, Ouchida AT, Araujo HN, Gonçalves DA, Simões Fróes Guimarães DSP, Teodoro BG, So K, Espreafico EM, Hirshman MF, Alberici LC, Kettelhut IDC, Goodyear LJ, Silveira LR. The MicroRNA miR-696 is regulated by SNARK and reduces mitochondrial activity in mouse skeletal muscle through Pgc1α inhibition. Mol Metab 2021; 51:101226. [PMID: 33812060 PMCID: PMC8121711 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MicroRNAs (miRNA) are known to regulate the expression of genes involved in several physiological processes including metabolism, mitochondrial biogenesis, proliferation, differentiation, and cell death. METHODS Using "in silico" analyses, we identified 219 unique miRNAs that potentially bind to the 3'UTR region of a critical mitochondrial regulator, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator (PGC) 1 alpha (Pgc1α). Of the 219 candidate miRNAs, miR-696 had one of the highest interactions at the 3'UTR of Pgc1α, suggesting that miR-696 may be involved in the regulation of Pgc1α. RESULTS Consistent with this hypothesis, we found that miR-696 was highly expressed in the skeletal muscle of STZ-induced diabetic mice and chronic high-fat-fed mice. C2C12 muscle cells exposed to palmitic acid also exhibited a higher expression of miR-696. This increased expression corresponded with a reduced expression of oxidative metabolism genes and reduced mitochondrial respiration. Importantly, reducing miR-696 reversed decreases in mitochondrial activity in response to palmitic acid. Using C2C12 cells treated with the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator AICAR and skeletal muscle from AMPKα2 dominant-negative (DN) mice, we found that the signaling mechanism regulating miR-696 did not involve AMPK. In contrast, overexpression of SNF1-AMPK-related kinase (SNARK) in C2C12 cells increased miR-696 transcription while knockdown of SNARK significantly decreased miR-696. Moreover, muscle-specific transgenic mice overexpressing SNARK exhibited a lower expression of Pgc1α, elevated levels of miR-696, and reduced amounts of spontaneous activity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that metabolic stress increases miR-696 expression in skeletal muscle cells, which in turn inhibits Pgc1α, reducing mitochondrial function. SNARK plays a role in this process as a metabolic stress signaling molecule inducing the expression of miR-696.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André L Queiroz
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah J Lessard
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amanda T Ouchida
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Hygor N Araujo
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, OCRC, IB, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Dawit A Gonçalves
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno G Teodoro
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Kawai So
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Enilza M Espreafico
- Department of Cell Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Michael F Hirshman
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luciane C Alberici
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Isis do Carmo Kettelhut
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Laurie J Goodyear
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Leonardo R Silveira
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, OCRC, IB, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kim R, Kim H, Im M, Park SK, Han HJ, An S, Kang JS, Lee SJ, Bae GU. BST204 Protects Dexamethasone-Induced Myotube Atrophy through the Upregulation of Myotube Formation and Mitochondrial Function. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052367. [PMID: 33804338 PMCID: PMC7957540 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BST204 is a purified ginseng dry extract that has an inhibitory effect on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses, but its effect on muscle atrophy is yet to be investigated. In this study, C2C12 myoblasts were induced to differentiate for three days followed by the treatment of dexamethasone (DEX), a corticosteroid drug, with vehicle or BST204 for one day and subjected to immunoblotting, immunocytochemistry, qRT-PCR and biochemical analysis for mitochondrial function. BST204 alleviates the myotube atrophic effect mediated by DEX via the activation of protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (Akt/mTOR) signaling. Through this pathway, BST204 suppresses the expression of muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligases contributing to the enhanced myotube formation and enlarged myotube diameter in DEX-treated myotubes. In addition, BST204 treatment significantly decreases the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production in DEX-treated myotubes. Furthermore, BST204 improves mitochondrial function by upregulating the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC1α) in DEX-induced myotube atrophy. This study provides a mechanistic insight into the effect of BST204 on DEX-induced myotube atrophy, suggesting that BST204 has protective effects against the toxicity of a corticosteroid drug in muscle and promising potential as a nutraceutical remedy for the treatment of muscle weakness and atrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuni Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea;
| | - Hyebeen Kim
- Molecular Cell Biology, Single Cell Network Research Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (H.K.); (S.A.); (J.-S.K.)
| | - Minju Im
- Green Cross Wellbeing Co., Ltd., Seongnam 13595, Korea; (M.I.); (S.K.P.); (H.J.H.)
| | - Sun Kyu Park
- Green Cross Wellbeing Co., Ltd., Seongnam 13595, Korea; (M.I.); (S.K.P.); (H.J.H.)
| | - Hae Jung Han
- Green Cross Wellbeing Co., Ltd., Seongnam 13595, Korea; (M.I.); (S.K.P.); (H.J.H.)
| | - Subin An
- Molecular Cell Biology, Single Cell Network Research Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (H.K.); (S.A.); (J.-S.K.)
| | - Jong-Sun Kang
- Molecular Cell Biology, Single Cell Network Research Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (H.K.); (S.A.); (J.-S.K.)
- Research Institute of Aging-Related Disease, AniMusCure Inc., Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Lee
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea;
- Research Institute of Aging-Related Disease, AniMusCure Inc., Suwon 16419, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-J.L.); (G.-U.B.)
| | - Gyu-Un Bae
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.-J.L.); (G.-U.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Manickam R, Duszka K, Wahli W. PPARs and Microbiota in Skeletal Muscle Health and Wasting. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218056. [PMID: 33137899 PMCID: PMC7662636 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a major metabolic organ that uses mostly glucose and lipids for energy production and has the capacity to remodel itself in response to exercise and fasting. Skeletal muscle wasting occurs in many diseases and during aging. Muscle wasting is often accompanied by chronic low-grade inflammation associated to inter- and intra-muscular fat deposition. During aging, muscle wasting is advanced due to increased movement disorders, as a result of restricted physical exercise, frailty, and the pain associated with arthritis. Muscle atrophy is characterized by increased protein degradation, where the ubiquitin-proteasomal and autophagy-lysosomal pathways, atrogenes, and growth factor signaling all play an important role. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors, which are activated by fatty acids and their derivatives. PPARs regulate genes that are involved in development, metabolism, inflammation, and many cellular processes in different organs. PPARs are also expressed in muscle and exert pleiotropic specialized responses upon activation by their ligands. There are three PPAR isotypes, viz., PPARα, -β/δ, and -γ. The expression of PPARα is high in tissues with effective fatty acid catabolism, including skeletal muscle. PPARβ/δ is expressed more ubiquitously and is the predominant isotype in skeletal muscle. It is involved in energy metabolism, mitochondrial biogenesis, and fiber-type switching. The expression of PPARγ is high in adipocytes, but it is also implicated in lipid deposition in muscle and other organs. Collectively, all three PPAR isotypes have a major impact on muscle homeostasis either directly or indirectly. Furthermore, reciprocal interactions have been found between PPARs and the gut microbiota along the gut–muscle axis in both health and disease. Herein, we review functions of PPARs in skeletal muscle and their interaction with the gut microbiota in the context of muscle wasting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravikumar Manickam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Kalina Duszka
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Walter Wahli
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Le Génopode, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Toxalim, INRAE, Chemin de Tournefeuille 180, F-31027 Toulouse, France
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wang D, Chen W, Bi Q, Zong X, Ruan J, Yin X, Wang J, Zhang H, Ji X. Baoyuan Jiedu Decoction Alleviates Cancer-Induced Myotube Atrophy by Regulating Mitochondrial Dynamics Through p38 MAPK/PGC-1α Signaling Pathway. Front Oncol 2020; 10:523577. [PMID: 33102208 PMCID: PMC7556243 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.523577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by continuous body wasting and loss of skeletal muscle. Impaired mitochondria function is closely associated with muscle atrophy in cancer cachexia. Our previous study confirmed the effectiveness of Baoyuan Jiedu decoction (BJD) in inhibiting cancer-induced muscle atrophy in an in vivo model. However, little is known about its mechanisms in regulating mitochondria dysfunction. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effect and action mechanisms of BJD against atrophy both in the Lewis-conditioned medium induced C2C12 myotube atrophy model and in a BALB/c mice xenograft model using mouse colon cancer C26 cells. The mitochondrial content was tested by 10-Non-ylacridine orange staining. Expressions of related proteins and mRNAs were detected by western blotting (WB) and qPCR, respectively. As a result, 18 major components were identified in BJD by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole (UHPLC-Q) Exactive analysis. As shown in the in vitro results, BJD treatment prevented prominent myotube atrophy and increased the myotube diameter of C2C12 cells. Besides, BJD treatment increased mitochondrial content and ATPase activity. Furthermore, the protein and mRNA expressions that were related to mitochondrial functions and generation such as cytochrome-c oxidase IV, Cytochrome C, nuclear respiratory factor 1, and mitochondrial transcription factor A were significantly increased in BJD treatment compared to the control group. The in vivo results showed that BJD treatment prevented body weight loss and improved the gastrocnemius index in cachexia mice. Moreover, the expressions of Atrogin-1 and muscle RING-finger protein-1 were decreased by BJD treatment. Mechanically, BJD increased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1, and consistently, inhibited the expression of p38 MAPK and its phosphorylation both in vivo and in vitro. Taken together, this study identified that BJD effectively relieved cancer-induced myotube atrophy and provided a potential mechanism for BJD in regulating mitochondrial dynamics through p38 MAPK/PGC-1α signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Delong Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiqiao Chen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qianyu Bi
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Zong
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong, China
| | - Jiazhao Ruan
- School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangjun Yin
- School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jixin Wang
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Honghua Zhang
- Medical College, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuming Ji
- School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Diet Modifies Pioglitazone's Influence on Hepatic PPAR γ-Regulated Mitochondrial Gene Expression. PPAR Res 2020; 2020:3817573. [PMID: 32963510 PMCID: PMC7501566 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3817573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pioglitazone (Pio) is a thiazolidinedione (TZD) insulin-sensitizing drug whose effects result predominantly from its modulation of the transcriptional activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated-receptor-gamma (PPARγ). Pio is used to treat human insulin-resistant diabetes and also frequently considered for treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In both settings, Pio's beneficial effects are believed to result primarily from its actions on adipose PPARγ activity, which improves insulin sensitivity and reduces the delivery of fatty acids to the liver. Nevertheless, a recent clinical trial showed variable efficacy of Pio in human NASH. Hepatocytes also express PPARγ, and such expression increases with insulin resistance and in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Furthermore, mice that overexpress hepatocellular PPARγ and Pio-treated mice with extrahepatic PPARγ gene disruption develop features of NAFLD. Thus, Pio's direct impact on hepatocellular gene expression might also be a determinant of this drug's ultimate influence on insulin resistance and NAFLD. Previous studies have characterized Pio's PPARγ-dependent effects on hepatic expression of specific adipogenic, lipogenic, and other metabolic genes. However, such transcriptional regulation has not been comprehensively assessed. The studies reported here address that consideration by genome-wide comparisons of Pio's hepatic transcriptional effects in wildtype (WT) and liver-specific PPARγ-knockout (KO) mice given either control or high-fat (HFD) diets. The results identify a large set of hepatic genes for which Pio's liver PPARγ-dependent transcriptional effects are concordant with its effects on RXR-DNA binding in WT mice. These data also show that HFD modifies Pio's influence on a subset of such transcriptional regulation. Finally, our findings reveal a broader influence of Pio on PPARγ-dependent hepatic expression of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins than previously recognized. Taken together, these studies provide new insights about the tissue-specific mechanisms by which Pio affects hepatic gene expression and the broad scope of this drug's influence on such regulation.
Collapse
|
43
|
Pereira LJ, Macari S, Coimbra CC, Pereira TDSF, Barrioni BR, Gomez RS, Silva TA, Paiva SM. Aerobic and resistance training improve alveolar bone quality and interferes with bone-remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement in mice. Bone 2020; 138:115496. [PMID: 32585320 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The direct effects of physical activity on long bones are already recognized. However, little information is available regarding distant osseous sites, such as maxillary bone. We evaluated the influence of physical training on alveolar bone quality, with and without mechanically-induced load during orthodontic tooth movement in mice. Forty-two C57BL/6 mice were divided into sedentary, resistance and aerobic training groups. Training period lasted for eight weeks and mechanical loads (orthodontic tooth movement - OTM) were applied during the last 14 days of training. Both types of training enhanced the quality of maxillary bone, increasing bone mineral density (BMD), trabecular bone volume (BV) and bone volume/total volume ratio (BV/TV). OTM significantly reduced in trained groups. Consistently, the number of osteoblasts increased whereas the number of osteoclasts decreased on the OTM side in trained groups in comparison to the sedentary group. IGF-1, RUNX2 and OPG genes expression were also increased. The RANKL/OPG ratio and IL-6 expression were reduced in the maxillary bone. Similar results were verified in the femoral bone. In line with these findings, physical training resulted in a decrease of osteoclast differentiation from femoral bone marrow; as well as the force required to fracture the tibia of trained animals increased. Physical training also caused EDL muscle hypertrophy and increased expression of IGF-1 and IGF-1/Myostatin ratio in the gastrocnemius muscle, whereas FNDC5 gene expression was similar among groups in femur, but decreased in alveolar bone submitted to OTM. In conclusion, physical training increased bone quality, not only on long bones, but also in a distant site such as the maxilla. Differences were more evident in the course of maxillary mechanical loading. Mechanisms involve systemic and local effects on bone cells and target molecules as RANKL, OPG, IL-6 and IGF-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciano J Pereira
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Lavras - UFLA, Lavras, Brazil.
| | - Soraia Macari
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Tarcília A Silva
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kim H, Cho SC, Jeong HJ, Lee HY, Jeong MH, Pyun JH, Ryu D, Kim M, Lee YS, Kim MS, Park SC, Lee YI, Kang JS. Indoprofen prevents muscle wasting in aged mice through activation of PDK1/AKT pathway. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:1070-1088. [PMID: 32096917 PMCID: PMC7432593 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle wasting, resulting from aging or pathological conditions, leads to reduced quality of life, increased morbidity, and increased mortality. Much research effort has been focused on the development of exercise mimetics to prevent muscle atrophy and weakness. In this study, we identified indoprofen from a screen for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator α (PGC-1α) inducers and report its potential as a drug for muscle wasting. METHODS The effects of indoprofen treatment on dexamethasone-induced atrophy in mice and in 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1)-deleted C2C12 myotubes were evaluated by immunoblotting to determine the expression levels of myosin heavy chain and anabolic-related and oxidative metabolism-related proteins. Young, old, and disuse-induced muscle atrophic mice were administered indoprofen (2 mg/kg body weight) by gavage. Body weight, muscle weight, grip strength, isometric force, and muscle histology were assessed. The expression levels of muscle mass-related and function-related proteins were analysed by immunoblotting or immunostaining. RESULTS In young (3-month-old) and aged (22-month-old) mice, indoprofen treatment activated oxidative metabolism-related enzymes and led to increased muscle mass. Mechanistic analysis using animal models and muscle cells revealed that indoprofen treatment induced the sequential activation of AKT/p70S6 kinase (S6K) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which in turn can augment protein synthesis and PGC-1α induction, respectively. Structural prediction analysis identified PDK1 as a target of indoprofen and, indeed, short-term treatment with indoprofen activated the PDK1/AKT/S6K pathway in muscle cells. Consistent with this finding, PDK1 inhibition abrogated indoprofen-induced AKT/S6K activation and hypertrophic response. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate the effects of indoprofen in boosting skeletal muscle mass through the sequential activation of PDK1/AKT/S6K and AMPK/PGC-1α. Taken together, our results suggest that indoprofen represents a potential drug to prevent muscle wasting and weakness related to aging or muscle diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyebeen Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sung Chun Cho
- Well Aging Research Center, Division of Biotechnology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ju Jeong
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hye-Young Lee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Myong-Ho Jeong
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Pyun
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Dongryeol Ryu
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea.,Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - MinSeok Kim
- School of Undergraduate Studies, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Young-Sam Lee
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Minseok S Kim
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sang Chul Park
- Well Aging Research Center, Division of Biotechnology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yun-Il Lee
- Well Aging Research Center, Division of Biotechnology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jong-Sun Kang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea.,Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Li J, Li Y, Atakan MM, Kuang J, Hu Y, Bishop DJ, Yan X. The Molecular Adaptive Responses of Skeletal Muscle to High-Intensity Exercise/Training and Hypoxia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E656. [PMID: 32722013 PMCID: PMC7464156 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
High-intensity exercise/training, especially interval exercise/training, has gained popularity in recent years. Hypoxic training was introduced to elite athletes half a century ago and has recently been adopted by the general public. In the current review, we have summarised the molecular adaptive responses of skeletal muscle to high-intensity exercise/training, focusing on mitochondrial biogenesis, angiogenesis, and muscle fibre composition. The literature suggests that (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha) PGC-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1-α) might be the main mediators of skeletal muscle adaptations to high-intensity exercises in hypoxia. Exercise is known to be anti-inflammatory, while the effects of hypoxia on inflammatory signalling are more complex. The anti-inflammatory effects of a single session of exercise might result from the release of anti-inflammatory myokines and other cytokines, as well as the downregulation of Toll-like receptor signalling, while training-induced anti-inflammatory effects may be due to reductions in abdominal and visceral fat (which are main sources of pro-inflammatory cytokines). Hypoxia can lead to inflammation, and inflammation can result in tissue hypoxia. However, the hypoxic factor HIF1-α is essential for preventing excessive inflammation. Disease-induced hypoxia is related to an upregulation of inflammatory signalling, but the effects of exercise-induced hypoxia on inflammation are less conclusive. The effects of high-intensity exercise under hypoxia on skeletal muscle molecular adaptations and inflammatory signalling have not been fully explored and are worth investigating in future studies. Understanding these effects will lead to a more comprehensive scientific basis for maximising the benefits of high-intensity exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne 8001, Australia; (M.M.A.); (J.K.); (D.J.B.)
| | - Yanchun Li
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100192, China; (Y.L.); (Y.H.)
| | - Muhammed M. Atakan
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne 8001, Australia; (M.M.A.); (J.K.); (D.J.B.)
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism in Exercise, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Jujiao Kuang
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne 8001, Australia; (M.M.A.); (J.K.); (D.J.B.)
| | - Yang Hu
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100192, China; (Y.L.); (Y.H.)
| | - David J. Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne 8001, Australia; (M.M.A.); (J.K.); (D.J.B.)
| | - Xu Yan
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne 8001, Australia; (M.M.A.); (J.K.); (D.J.B.)
- Sarcopenia Research Program, Australia Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences (AIMSS), Melbourne 3021, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Duliban M, Gurgul A, Szmatola T, Pawlicki P, Milon A, Arent ZJ, Grzmil P, Kotula-Balak M, Bilinska B. Mouse testicular transcriptome after modulation of non-canonical oestrogen receptor activity. Reprod Fertil Dev 2020; 32:903-913. [PMID: 32586420 DOI: 10.1071/rd20025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to shed light on the role of G-protein-coupled membrane oestrogen receptor (GPER) and oestrogen-related receptor (ERR) in mouse testis function at the gene expression level, as well as the involvement of GPER and ERR in cellular and molecular processes. Male mice were injected (50µg kg-1,s.c.) with the GPER antagonist G-15, the ERRα inverse agonist XCT790 or the ERRβ/ERRγ agonist DY131. Next-generation sequencing (RNA-Seq) was used to evaluate gene expression. Bioinformatic analysis of read abundance revealed that 50, 86 and 171 transcripts were differentially expressed in the G-15-, XCT790- and DY131-treated groups respectively compared with the control group. Annotated genes and their protein products were categorised regarding their associated biological processes and molecular functions. In the XCT790-treated group, genes involved in immunological processes were upregulated. In the DY131-treated group, genes with increased expression were primarily engaged in protein modification (protein folding and small protein conjugation). In addition, the expression of genes recognised as oncogenes, such as BMI1 proto-oncogene, polycomb ring finger (Bmi1) and nucleophosphin 1 (Npm1), was significantly increased in all experimental groups. This study provides detailed information regarding the genetic changes in the testicular transcriptome of the mouse in response to modulation of non-canonical oestrogen receptor activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Duliban
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; and Corresponding author.
| | - A Gurgul
- University Centre of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - T Szmatola
- University Centre of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - P Pawlicki
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - A Milon
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Z J Arent
- University Centre of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - P Grzmil
- Department of Genetics and Evolution Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - M Kotula-Balak
- University Centre of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - B Bilinska
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhang Y, Shen L, Zhu H, Dreissigacker K, Distler D, Zhou X, Györfi AH, Bergmann C, Meng X, Dees C, Trinh-Minh T, Ludolph I, Horch R, Ramming A, Schett G, Distler JHW. PGC-1α regulates autophagy to promote fibroblast activation and tissue fibrosis. Ann Rheum Dis 2020; 79:1227-1233. [PMID: 32482644 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-216963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Coactivators are a heterogeneous family of transcriptional regulators that are essential for modulation of transcriptional outcomes and fine-tune numerous cellular processes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of the coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc). METHODS Expression of PGC-1α was analysed by real-time PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence. Modulation of autophagy was analysed by reporter studies by expression of autophagy-related genes. The effects of PGC-1α knockdown on collagen production and myofibroblast differentiation were analysed in cultured human fibroblasts and in two mouse models with fibroblast-specific knockout of PGC-1α. RESULTS The expression of PGC-1α was induced in dermal fibroblasts of patients with SSc and experimental murine fibrosis. Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), hypoxia and epigenetic mechanisms regulate the expression of PGC-1α in fibroblasts. Knockdown of PGC-1α prevented the activation of autophagy by TGFβ and this translated into reduced fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation and collagen release. Knockout of PGC-1α in fibroblasts prevented skin fibrosis induced by bleomycin and by overexpression of a constitutively active TGFβ receptor type I. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of PGC-1α by SR18292 induced regression of pre-established, bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis. CONCLUSION PGC-1α is upregulated in SSc and promotes autophagy to foster TGFβ-induced fibroblast activation. Targeting of PGC-1α prevents aberrant autophagy, inhibits fibroblast activation and tissue fibrosis and may over therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lichong Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Honglin Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Katja Dreissigacker
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Diana Distler
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrea Hermina Györfi
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christina Bergmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Xianyi Meng
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Clara Dees
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thuong Trinh-Minh
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ingo Ludolph
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery and Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raymund Horch
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery and Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Ramming
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörg H W Distler
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Suntar I, Sureda A, Belwal T, Sanches Silva A, Vacca RA, Tewari D, Sobarzo-Sánchez E, Nabavi SF, Shirooie S, Dehpour AR, Xu S, Yousefi B, Majidinia M, Daglia M, D'Antona G, Nabavi SM. Natural products, PGC-1 α , and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:734-745. [PMID: 32528825 PMCID: PMC7276681 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a transcriptional coactivator that binds to a diverse range of transcription factors. PPARγ coactivator 1 (PGC-1) coactivators possess an extensive range of biological effects in different tissues, and play a key part in the regulation of the oxidative metabolism, consequently modulating the production of reactive oxygen species, autophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis. Owing to these findings, a large body of studies, aiming to establish the role of PGC-1 in the neuromuscular system, has shown that PGC-1 could be a promising target for therapies targeting neuromuscular diseases. Among these, some evidence has shown that various signaling pathways linked to PGC-1α are deregulated in muscular dystrophy, leading to a reduced capacity for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In the light of these results, any intervention aimed at activating PGC-1 could contribute towards ameliorating the progression of muscular dystrophies. PGC-1α is influenced by different patho-physiological/pharmacological stimuli. Natural products have been reported to display modulatory effects on PPARγ activation with fewer side effects in comparison to synthetic drugs. Taken together, this review summarizes the current knowledge on Duchenne muscular dystrophy, focusing on the potential effects of natural compounds, acting as regulators of PGC-1α.
Collapse
Key Words
- AAV, adeno-associated virus
- AMP, adenosine monophosphate
- AMPK, 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase
- ASO, antisense oligonucleotides
- ATF2, activating transcription factor 2
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- BMD, Becker muscular dystrophy
- COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- CREB, cyclic AMP response element-binding protein
- CnA, calcineurin a
- DAGC, dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex
- DGC, dystrophin–glycoprotein complex
- DMD, Duchenne muscular dystrophy
- DRP1, dynamin-related protein 1
- DS, Down syndrome
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EGCG, epigallocatechin-3-gallate
- ERRα, estrogen-related receptor alpha
- FDA, U. S. Food and Drug Administration
- FGF, fibroblast growth factor
- FOXO1, forkhead box class-O1
- GABP, GA-binding protein
- GPX, glutathione peroxidase
- GSK3b, glycogen synthase kinase 3b
- HCT, hydrochlorothiazide
- HDAC, histone deacetylase
- HIF-1α, hypoxia-inducible factors
- IL, interleukin
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
- MD, muscular dystrophy
- MEF2, myocyte enhancer factor 2
- MSCs, mesenchymal stem cells
- Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation
- Muscular dystrophy
- MyoD, myogenic differentiation
- NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- NMJ, neuromuscular junctions
- NO, nitric oxide
- NOS, NO synthase
- Natural product
- PDGF, platelet derived growth factor
- PGC-1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1
- PPARγ activation
- PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ
- Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Reactive oxygen species
- SIRT1, silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- SPP1, secreted phosphoprotein 1
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α
- UCP, uncoupling protein
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- cGMP, cyclic guanosine monophosphate
- iPSCs, induced pluripotent stem cells
- p38 MAPK, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase
Collapse
|
49
|
Horibata Y, Mitsuhashi S, Shimizu H, Maejima S, Sakamoto H, Aoyama C, Ando H, Sugimoto H. The phosphatidylcholine transfer protein StarD7 is important for myogenic differentiation in mouse myoblast C2C12 cells and human primary skeletal myoblasts. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2845. [PMID: 32071354 PMCID: PMC7029042 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59444-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
StarD7 is a phosphatidylcholine (PC)-specific lipid transfer protein essential for the maintenance of mitochondrial PC composition, morphogenesis, and respiration. Here, we studied the role of StarD7 in skeletal myoblast differentiation using mouse myoblast C2C12 cells and human primary myoblasts. Immunofluorescence and immuno-electron microscopy revealed that StarD7 was distributed in the cytosol, inner mitochondria space, and outer leaflet of the outer mitochondrial membrane in C2C12 cells. Unlike human kidney embryonic cell line HEK293 cells, the mitochondrial proteinase PARL was not involved in the processing and maturation of StarD7 in C2C12 cells. StarD7 was constantly expressed during myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells. The siRNA-mediated knockdown of StarD7 in C2C12 cells and human primary myoblasts significantly impaired myogenic differentiation and reduced the expression of myomaker, myomerger and PGC-1α. The reduction in mitochondrial PC levels and oxygen consumption rates, decreased expression of myomaker, myomerger and PGC-1α, as well as impaired myogenic differentiation, were completely restored when the protein was reintroduced into StarD7-knockout C2C12 cells. These results suggest that StarD7 is important for skeletal myogenesis in mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Horibata
- Department of Biochemistry, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan
| | - Satomi Mitsuhashi
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shimizu
- Department of Biochemistry, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan
| | - Sho Maejima
- Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Ushimado, Setouchi, Okayama, 701-4303, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Sakamoto
- Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Ushimado, Setouchi, Okayama, 701-4303, Japan
| | - Chieko Aoyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan
| | - Hiromi Ando
- Department of Biochemistry, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sugimoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Saby M, Gauthier A, Barial S, Egoumenides L, Jover B. Supplementation with a Bioactive Melon Concentrate in Humans and Animals: Prevention of Oxidative Damages and Fatigue in the Context of a Moderate or Eccentric Physical Activity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17041142. [PMID: 32053942 PMCID: PMC7068528 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Exercise is recognized to provide both physical and psychological health benefits. However, oxidative stress can occur and induce muscular damages. SOD B®; M is a melon concentrate, well known to counteract oxidative stress and prevent its side effects. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential of the melon concentrate in the context of both a strong and isolated effort associated with deleterious effects, and a moderate and regular physical activity considered as beneficial. First, a preclinical study was set up on rats to evaluate its potential on the prevention of damages induced by an eccentric exercise. Secondly, the combined effect of the melon concentrate and a regular standardized physical training was studied on the overall physical condition of healthy subjects in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), student’s t test and Mann–Whitney test were used for statistical analyses. Melon concentrate helped to prevent gastrocnemius damages induced by the eccentric exercise. It allowed a reduction of fibrosis by approximately 38% and a reduction of Tumor Necrosis Factor- α (TNF-α) plasma level by 28%. This supplementation also induced a rearrangement of myosin fibers and an increase in PGC-1α plasma level. In the clinical study, melon concentrate was able to decrease oxidative stress and C-Reactive protein (CRP) plasma level. Besides, magnesium (Mg) plasma level was higher in the context of a regular training performed by healthy subjects supplemented with the melon concentrate. Therefore, the melon concentrate allowed a better adaptation to effort linked to PGC-1α activation: a regulator of energy metabolism. The antioxidant properties of the melon concentrate and its ability to mobilize magnesium also suggest that the supplementation could induce a better resistance to fatigue and recovery during regular physical activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Saby
- EA7288 UFR Pharmacie, Université de Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34093 Montpellier, France; (M.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Audrey Gauthier
- Bionov Research, 939 rue de la croix verte, 34090 Montpellier, France; (A.G.); (L.E.)
| | - Sandy Barial
- EA7288 UFR Pharmacie, Université de Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34093 Montpellier, France; (M.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Laure Egoumenides
- Bionov Research, 939 rue de la croix verte, 34090 Montpellier, France; (A.G.); (L.E.)
| | - Bernard Jover
- PhyMedExp, INSERM CNRS, Université de Montpellier, IURC, CEDEX 5, 34295 Montpellier, France
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|