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Bolster-Foucault C, Vedel I, Busa G, Hacker G, Sourial N, Quesnel-Vallée A. Social inequity in ageing in place among older adults in Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development countries: a mixed studies systematic review. Age Ageing 2024; 53:afae166. [PMID: 39137063 PMCID: PMC11321251 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afae166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most older adults wish to remain in their homes and communities as they age. Despite this widespread preference, disparities in health outcomes and access to healthcare and social support may create inequities in the ability to age in place. Our objectives were to synthesise evidence of social inequity in ageing in place among older adults using an intersectional lens and to evaluate the methods used to define and measure inequities. METHODS We conducted a mixed studies systematic review. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL and AgeLine for quantitative or qualitative literature that examined social inequities in ageing in place among adults aged 65 and older in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) member countries. Results of included studies were synthesised using qualitative content analysis guided by the PROGRESS-Plus framework. RESULTS Of 4874 identified records, 55 studies were included. Rural residents, racial/ethnic minorities, immigrants and those with higher socioeconomic position and greater social resources are more likely to age in place. Women and those with higher educational attainment appear less likely to age in place. The influence of socioeconomic position, education and social resources differs by gender and race/ethnicity, indicating intersectional effects across social dimensions. CONCLUSIONS Social dimensions influence the ability to age in place in OECD settings, likely due to health inequalities across the lifespan, disparities in access to healthcare and support services, and different preferences regarding ageing in place. Our results can inform the development of policies and programmes to equitably support ageing in place in diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Bolster-Foucault
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Vedel
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Giovanna Busa
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Georgia Hacker
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nadia Sourial
- Department of Health Management, Evaluation and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Amélie Quesnel-Vallée
- Department of Equity, Ethics and Policy, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Sociology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Hill KA, Colón-López V. Delays in Care by Race, Ethnicity, and Gender Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic Using Cross-Sectional Data From the National Institutes of Health's All of Us Research Program. Womens Health Issues 2024; 34:391-400. [PMID: 38599938 PMCID: PMC11297690 DOI: 10.1016/j.whi.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Delays in receiving medical care are an urgent problem. This study aims to determine whether the odds of, and reasons for, experiencing care delays differ by gender, race-ethnicity, and survey completion before versus during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of survey data from participants age ≥18 in the National Institutes of Health's All of Us Research Program collected from May 6, 2018, to January 1, 2022. Logistic regressions were performed to assess the association of gender, race-ethnicity, and survey completion date with any of nine reasons for delaying care in the past 12 months. RESULTS Of 119,983 participants, 37.8% reported delaying care in the past 12 months. After adjusting for employment status, education, income, marital status, health insurance, and age, women of every race-ethnicity and Black and other race-ethnicity men were more likely than white men to report delays in care: Asian women (odds ratio [OR] 1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.13, 1.34]), Black men (OR 1.15; 95% CI [1.05, 1.25]) and women (OR 1.46; 95% CI [1.38, 1.54]), Hispanic women (OR 1.36; 95% CI [1.28, 1.44]), white women (OR 1.55; 95% CI [1.50, 1.60]), and other race-ethnicity men (OR 1.15; 95% CI [1.05, 1.27]) and women (OR 1.79; 95% CI [1.67, 1.91]). A small but statistically significant difference was seen in reports of care delays for non-pandemic-related reasons during versus before the COVID-19 pandemic (OR 0.88; 95% CI [0.83, 0.93]). CONCLUSIONS In this study of a diverse group of U.S. participants, women and Black and other race-ethnicity men were more likely than white men to report delays in care, both before and during COVID-19. Addressing care delays may be necessary to ameliorate health disparities by race-ethnicity and gender.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivian Colón-López
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Control and Population Sciences Division, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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3
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Andreu-Mateu C, Andreu-Vilarroig C, Sánchez-Bermejo N, Santamaría C, Tosca-Segura R. Analysis and prediction of long-term survival using a clinically applicable risk score based on the Electronic Health Record. Int J Med Inform 2024; 187:105470. [PMID: 38701642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2024.105470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long-term survival of a population assigned to a hospital can be essential to anticipate, manage, and provide appropriate hospital healthcare resources or lead preventive actions for high-risk mortality individuals. In this study, we discriminate which electronic health record variables are most relevant to predict the long-term survival of a population, and apply the results to identify high-risk mortality groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted on a population of 113,403 individuals alive on July 1st, 2018 from the General Hospital of Castellón (Spain). Considering electronic health record patients' variables and survival days from the start date of the study, a Kaplan-Meier analysis and a multivariate Cox regression model were performed, and a risk score based on Cox coefficients was applied to predict survival over 3 years. RESULTS All significant covariates from the Cox model (91.5% c-index) were associated with increased mortality risk. Using the proposed risk score, Kaplan-Meier curves show that survival probability in the 3rd year is 99.23% (95% confidence interval (CI) 99.18-99.29) for the low-risk, 91.21% (95% CI 90.67-91.76) for medium-risk, 76.52% (95% CI 75.59-77.46) for the high-risk, and 48.61 % (95% CI 46.85-50.36) for the very high-risk groups. DISCUSSION The Cox model obtained is highly predictive, and it has been found that some electronic health record variables little studied to date, such as Clinical Risk Groups, have a strong impact on survival. Regarding clinical application, the proposed risk score is particularly useful for identifying high-risk subpopulations within a large population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Andreu-Vilarroig
- Instituto de Matemática Multidisciplinar, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Néstor Sánchez-Bermejo
- Instituto de Matemática Multidisciplinar, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Santamaría
- Instituto de Matemática Multidisciplinar, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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Ma D, Sun Y, Chen G, Hao S, Jiang Z, Wang R, Hao S. The association between physical activity intensity and frailty risk among older adults across different age groups and genders: Evidence from four waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305346. [PMID: 38861565 PMCID: PMC11166314 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
"Exercise is the best medicine" is well known, but the optimal dose of physical activity (PA) for males and females across different age groups is still unknown. This study, using data from the four waves of CHARLS, aimed to determine the optimal PA dose that reduces frailty risks among older adults across various age groups and both sexes. We created a frailty index score using 63 health-related variables and used 0.21 as the frailty cut point. Binary logistic regression was used to compare the effect of vigorous, moderate, and light intensity PA under IPAQ criteria on frailty risk. The study found that regardless of whether males or females, the optimal effect of vigorous-intensity PA in reducing the risk of frailty is consistently observed throughout the entire old age career. Moreover, the age groups at which moderate-intensity PA reduces the risk of frailty were from age 70 for males and from age 80 for females. And light-intensity PA had no effect on reducing the risk of frailty. Moderate and vigorous intensity of PA in older adults should be promoted, but guidelines and recommendations must account for optimal associations with PA dose across genders and age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Ma
- Department of Sports Science, College of Sports & Arts, Hanyang University ERICA Campus, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Yulin Sun
- Department of Sports Science, College of Sports & Arts, Hanyang University ERICA Campus, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Guoyang Chen
- Department of Sports Science, College of Sports & Arts, Hanyang University ERICA Campus, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Siwei Hao
- Department of Sports Science, College of Sports & Arts, Hanyang University ERICA Campus, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Zhenping Jiang
- Department of Sports Science, College of Sports & Arts, Hanyang University ERICA Campus, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Sports Science, College of Sports & Arts, Hanyang University ERICA Campus, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Shuaipeng Hao
- Department of Sports Science, College of Sports & Arts, Hanyang University ERICA Campus, Ansan, South Korea
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Takeshita RSC. A life for a (shorter) life: The reproduction-longevity trade-off. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2405089121. [PMID: 38598350 PMCID: PMC11046671 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2405089121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela S. C. Takeshita
- Department of Anthropology and School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH44242
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Blodgett JM, Ahmadi M, Stamatakis E, Rockwood K, Hamer M. Fractal complexity of daily physical activity and cognitive function in a midlife cohort. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20340. [PMID: 37990028 PMCID: PMC10663528 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47200-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
High stability of fluctuation in physiological patterns across fixed time periods suggest healthy fractal complexity, while greater randomness in fluctuation patterns may indicate underlying disease processes. The importance of fractal stability in mid-life remains unexplored. We quantified fractal regulation patterns in 24-h accelerometer data and examined associations with cognitive function in midlife. Data from 5097 individuals (aged 46) from the 1970 British Cohort Study were analyzed. Participants wore thigh-mounted accelerometers for seven days and completed cognitive tests (verbal fluency, memory, processing speed; derived composite z-score). Detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) was used to examine temporal correlations of acceleration magnitude across 25 time scales (range: 1 min-10 h). Linear regression examined associations between DFA scaling exponents (DFAe) and each standardised cognitive outcome. DFAe was normally distributed (mean ± SD: 0.90 ± 0.06; range: 0.72-1.25). In males, a 0.10 increase in DFAe was associated with a 0.30 (95% Confidence Interval: 0.14, 0.47) increase in composite cognitive z-score in unadjusted models; associations were strongest for verbal fluency (0.10 [0.04, 0.16]). Associations remained in fully-adjusted models for verbal fluency only (0.06 [0.00, 0.12]). There was no association between DFA and cognition in females. Greater fractal stability in men was associated with better cognitive function. This could indicate mechanisms through which fractal complexity may scale up to and contribute to cognitive clinical endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Blodgett
- Institute of Sport Exercise and Health, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Matthew Ahmadi
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Mackenzie Wearables Research Hub, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Emmanuel Stamatakis
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Mackenzie Wearables Research Hub, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kenneth Rockwood
- Geriatric Medicine Research, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Mark Hamer
- Institute of Sport Exercise and Health, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
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Erickson ML, Blackwell TL, Mau T, Cawthon PM, Glynn NW, Qiao Y(S, Cummings SR, Coen PM, Lane NE, Kritchevsky SB, Newman AB, Farsijani S, Esser KA. Age is Associated with Dampened Circadian Patterns of Rest and Activity: The Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA). MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.11.11.23298422. [PMID: 37986744 PMCID: PMC10659513 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.11.23298422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Background Aging is associated with declines in circadian functions. The effects of aging on circadian patterns of behavior are insufficiently described. We characterized age-specific features of rest-activity rhythms (RAR) in community dwelling older adults, both overall, and in relation, to sociodemographic characteristics. Methods We analyzed baseline assessments of older adults with wrist-worn free-living wrist-worn actigraphy data (N=820, Age=76.4 yrs, 58.2% women) participating in the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA). We applied an extension to the traditional cosine curve to map RAR to activity data, calculating the parameters: rhythmic strength (amplitude); robustness (pseudo-F statistic); and timing of peak activity (acrophase). We also used function principal component analysis to determine 4 components describing underlying patterns of activity accounting for RAR variance. Linear models were used to examine associations between RAR and sociodemographic variables. Results Age was associated with several metrics of dampened RAR; women had stronger and more robust RAR metrics vs. men (all P < 0.05). Total activity (56%) and time of activity (20%) accounted for most the RAR variance. Compared to the latest decile of acrophase, those in the earliest decile had higher average amplitude (P <0.001). Compared to the latest decile of acrophase, those is the earliest and midrange categories had more total activity (P=0.02). RAR was associated with some sociodemographic variables. Conclusions Older age was associated with dampened circadian behavior; and behaviors were sexually dimorphic. We identified a behavioral phenotype characterized by early time-of-day of peak activity, high rhythmic amplitude, and more total activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Terri L. Blackwell
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Theresa Mau
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Peggy M. Cawthon
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nancy W. Glynn
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yujia (Susanna) Qiao
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Steven R. Cummings
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Paul M. Coen
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL
| | - Nancy E. Lane
- Department of Rheumatology, University of California, Davis
| | - Stephen B. Kritchevsky
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anne B. Newman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Samaneh Farsijani
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Karyn A. Esser
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville Florida
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Wada S, Yoshimura S, Toyoda K, Nakai M, Sasahara Y, Miwa K, Koge J, Ishigami A, Shiozawa M, Ogasawara K, Kitazono T, Nogawa S, Iwanaga Y, Miyamoto Y, Minematsu K, Koga M. Characteristics and outcomes of unknown onset stroke: The Japan Stroke Data Bank. J Neurol Sci 2023; 453:120798. [PMID: 37729754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2023.120798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical outcomes of unknown onset stroke (UOS) are influenced by the enlargement of the therapeutic time window for reperfusion therapy. This study aimed to investigate and describe the characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients with UOS. METHODS Patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) who were admitted within 24 h of their last known well time, from January 2017 to December 2020, were included. Data were obtained from a long-lasting nationwide hospital-based multicenter prospective registry: the Japan Stroke Data Bank. The co-primary outcomes were the National Institutes of Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores on admission and unfavorable outcomes at discharge, corresponding to modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores of 3-6. RESULTS Overall, 26,976 patients with AIS were investigated. Patients with UOS (N = 5783, 78 ± 12 years of age) were older than patients with known onset stroke (KOS) (N = 21,193, 75 ± 13 years of age). Age, female sex, higher premorbid mRS scores, atrial fibrillation, and congestive heart failure were associated with UOS in multivariate analysis. UOS was associated with higher NIHSS scores (median = 8 [interquartile range [IQR]: 3-19] vs. 4 [1-10], adjusted incidence rate ratio = 1.37 [95% CI: 1.35-1.38]) and unfavorable outcomes (52.1 vs. 33.6%, adjusted odds ratio = 1.27 [1.14-1.40]). Intergroup differences in unfavorable outcomes were attenuated among females (1.12 [0.95-1.32] vs. males 1.38 [1.21-1.56], P = 0.040) and in the subgroup that received reperfusion therapy (1.10 [0.92-1.33] vs. those who did not receive therapy 1.23 [1.08-1.39], P = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS UOS was associated with unfavorable outcomes but to a lesser degree among females and patients receiving reperfusion therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Wada
- Department of Medical and Health Information Management, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sohei Yoshimura
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Kazunori Toyoda
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michikazu Nakai
- Department of Medical and Health Information Management, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sasahara
- Department of Medical and Health Information Management, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kaori Miwa
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junpei Koge
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akiko Ishigami
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shiozawa
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Ogasawara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Iwate Medical University Hospital, Yahaba, Iwate, Japan
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shigeru Nogawa
- Department of Neurology, Tokai University Hachioji Hospital, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Iwanaga
- Department of Medical and Health Information Management, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyamoto
- Department of Medical and Health Information Management, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Masatoshi Koga
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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9
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Pandit A, Tran TB, Letton M, Cowley E, Gibbs M, Wewege MA, Hagstrom AD. Data Informing Governing Body Resistance-Training Guidelines Exhibit Sex Bias: An Audit-Based Review. Sports Med 2023; 53:1681-1691. [PMID: 37382828 PMCID: PMC10432356 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01878-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this review was to examine the ratio of female and male participants utilised in data informing consensus statements and position stands in the field of resistance training (RT). In order to achieve this objective, we conducted an 'audit' style review. We accessed three databases: SPORTDiscus, MEDLINE and Google Scholar utilising the following search terms: resistance or strength training AND consensus statements or position statements/stands. Eligibility criteria included consensus statements and position stands for RT in youth, adults and older adults. In this paper we have used the term 'female' to describe biological sex. Gender is a social construct and often describes roles and behaviours that society assigns to men or women. In this paper we have used the term 'women' to describe gender. Reference lists from each guideline were screened with the number of male and female participants extracted from each study. We also extracted data on the gender of the authors of the statements. We located 11 guidelines encompassing a total of 104,251,363 participants. Youth guidelines were comprised of 69% male participants. There were 287 studies that included both sexes, 205 male-only and 92 female-only studies. Adult guidelines were comprised of 70% male participants. There were 104 studies that included both sexes, 240 male-only and 44 female-only studies. Older adult guidelines were comprised of 54% female participants. There were 395 studies that included both sexes, 112 male-only and 83 female-only studies. Women authors comprised 13% of all authors of position stands and consensus statements. These results demonstrate an under-representation of females and women as both participants and as authors. It is imperative to ensure that data informing governing body guidelines and consensus statements are representative of the population they aim to inform. If this is not possible, guidelines should clearly state when their data and recommendations are based primarily upon one sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Pandit
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Thai Binh Tran
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Meg Letton
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Emma Cowley
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mitchell Gibbs
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael A Wewege
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amanda D Hagstrom
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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10
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Valdrighi N, Blom AB, van Beuningen HM, Vitters EL, Helsen MM, Walgreen B, van Lent PL, Koenders MI, van der Kraan PM, van de Loo FA, Blaney Davidson EN. Early pain in females is linked to late pathological features in murine experimental osteoarthritis. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15482. [PMID: 37366428 PMCID: PMC10290834 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive joint disease and a major cause of chronic pain in adults. The prevalence of OA is higher in female patients, who tend to have worse OA outcomes, partially due to pain. The association between joint pain and OA pathology is often inconclusive. Preclinical research studies have largely overlooked sex as a potential determinant in joint pain during OA. This study aimed to investigate the role of sex in joint pain in the collagenase-induced OA (CiOA) model and its link with joint pathology. Methods Multiple aspects of pain were evaluated during identically executed experiments of CiOA in male and female C57BL/6J mice. Cartilage damage, osteophyte formation, synovial thickness, and cellularity were assessed by histology on day 56. The association between pain and pathology was investigated, disaggregated by sex. Results Differences in pain behavior between sexes were found in the majority of the evaluated pain methods. Females displayed lower weight bearing ability in the affected leg compared to males during the early phase of the disease, however, the pathology at the end stage was comparable between sexes. In the second cohort, males displayed increased mechanical sensitivity in the affected joint compared to females but also showed more cartilage damage at the end stage of the model. Within this cohort, gait analysis showed varied results. Males used the affected paw less often and displayed dynamic weight-bearing compensation in the early phase of the model. These differences were not observed in females. Other evaluated parameters displayed comparable gait behavior between males and females. A detailed analysis of individual mice revealed that seven out of 10 pain measurements highly correlated with OA histopathology in females (Pearson r range: 0.642-0.934), whereas in males this measurement was only two (Pearson r range: 0.645-0.748). Conclusion Our data show that sex is a determinant in the link between pain-related behavior with OA features. Therefore, to accurately interpret pain data it is crucial to segregate data analysis by sex to draw the correct mechanistic conclusion.
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11
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Allegra A, Caserta S, Genovese S, Pioggia G, Gangemi S. Gender Differences in Oxidative Stress in Relation to Cancer Susceptibility and Survival. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1255. [PMID: 37371985 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic, developmental, biochemical, and environmental variables interact intricately to produce sex differences. The significance of sex differences in cancer susceptibility is being clarified by numerous studies. Epidemiological research and cancer registries have revealed over the past few years that there are definite sex variations in cancer incidence, progression, and survival. However, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction also have a significant impact on the response to treatment of neoplastic diseases. Young women may be more protected from cancer than men because most of the proteins implicated in the regulation of redox state and mitochondrial function are under the control of sexual hormones. In this review, we describe how sexual hormones control the activity of antioxidant enzymes and mitochondria, as well as how they affect several neoplastic diseases. The molecular pathways that underlie the gender-related discrepancies in cancer that have been identified may be better understood, which may lead to more effective precision medicine and vital information on treatment options for both males and females with neoplastic illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood 'Gaetano Barresi', University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Santino Caserta
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood 'Gaetano Barresi', University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Sara Genovese
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98164 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pioggia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98164 Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
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Tiberi J, Cesarini V, Stefanelli R, Canterini S, Fiorenza MT, Rosa PL. Sex differences in antioxidant defence and the regulation of redox homeostasis in physiology and pathology. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 211:111802. [PMID: 36958540 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a term that defines a group of unstable compounds derived from exogenous sources or endogenous metabolism. Under physiological conditions, low levels of ROS play a key role in the regulation of signal transduction- or transcription-mediated cellular responses. In contrast, excessive and uncontrolled loading of ROS results in a pathological state known as oxidative stress (OS), a leading contributor to aging and a pivotal factor for the onset and progression of many disorders. Evolution has endowed cells with an antioxidant system involved in stabilizing ROS levels to a specific threshold, preserving ROS-induced signalling function and limiting negative side effects. In mammals, a great deal of evidence indicates that females defence against ROS is more proficient than males, determining a longer lifespan and lower incidence of most chronic diseases. In this review, we will summarize the most recent sex-related differences in the regulation of redox homeostasis. We will highlight the peculiar aspects of the antioxidant defence in sex-biased diseases whose onset or progression is driven by OS, and we will discuss the molecular, genetic, and evolutionary determinants of female proficiency to cope with ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Tiberi
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; PhD program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeriana Cesarini
- Department of Biomedicine Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Stefanelli
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Canterini
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; European Center for Brain Research, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Fiorenza
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; European Center for Brain Research, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio La Rosa
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; European Center for Brain Research, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
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Bargui R, Solgadi A, Dumont F, Prost B, Vadrot N, Filipe A, Ho ATV, Ferreiro A, Moulin M. Sex-Specific Patterns of Diaphragm Phospholipid Content and Remodeling during Aging and in a Model of SELENON-Related Myopathy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020234. [PMID: 36830771 PMCID: PMC9953087 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence shows that the lipid bilayer is a key site for membrane interactions and signal transduction. Surprisingly, phospholipids have not been widely studied in skeletal muscles, although mutations in genes involved in their biosynthesis have been associated with muscular diseases. Using mass spectrometry, we performed a phospholipidomic profiling in the diaphragm of male and female, young and aged, wild type and SelenoN knock-out mice, the murine model of an early-onset inherited myopathy with severe diaphragmatic dysfunction. We identified 191 phospholipid (PL) species and revealed an important sexual dimorphism in PLs in the diaphragm, with almost 60% of them being significantly different between male and female animals. In addition, 40% of phospholipids presented significant age-related differences. Interestingly, SELENON protein absence was responsible for remodeling of 10% PL content, completely different in males and in females. Expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in PL remodeling was higher in males compared to females. These results establish the diaphragm PL map and highlight an important PL remodeling pattern depending on sex, aging and partly on genotype. These differences in PL profile may contribute to the identification of biomarkers associated with muscular diseases and muscle aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezlène Bargui
- Basic and Translational Myology Laboratory, Université Paris Cité, BFA, CNRS UMR8251, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Audrey Solgadi
- UMS-IPSIT-SAMM, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CNRS, Ingénierie et Plateformes au Service de l’Innovation Thérapeutique, F-91400 Orsay, France
| | - Florent Dumont
- UMS-IPSIT-Bioinfo, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CNRS, Ingénierie et Plateformes au Service de l’Innovation Thérapeutique, F-91400 Orsay, France
| | - Bastien Prost
- UMS-IPSIT-SAMM, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CNRS, Ingénierie et Plateformes au Service de l’Innovation Thérapeutique, F-91400 Orsay, France
| | - Nathalie Vadrot
- Basic and Translational Myology Laboratory, Université Paris Cité, BFA, CNRS UMR8251, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Anne Filipe
- Basic and Translational Myology Laboratory, Université Paris Cité, BFA, CNRS UMR8251, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Andrew T. V. Ho
- Basic and Translational Myology Laboratory, Université Paris Cité, BFA, CNRS UMR8251, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Ana Ferreiro
- Basic and Translational Myology Laboratory, Université Paris Cité, BFA, CNRS UMR8251, F-75013 Paris, France
- AP-HP, Reference Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders, Institut of Myology, Neuromyology Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Maryline Moulin
- Basic and Translational Myology Laboratory, Université Paris Cité, BFA, CNRS UMR8251, F-75013 Paris, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +01-57-27-79-54
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Weiss SM, Castelo M, Liu B, Norris M. Virtual fall program assessment for frail Canadian community-dwelling older adults: Examining equitable accessibility. Digit Health 2023; 9:20552076231178410. [PMID: 37312948 PMCID: PMC10259118 DOI: 10.1177/20552076231178410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective In response to COVID-19, the fall prevention program (FPP) at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre was modified to be delivered virtually. We compared patient populations assessed for the FPP virtually versus in-person to explore equitable accessibility. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed. All patients assessed virtually from the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic until the end of abstraction (April 25, 2022) were compared to a historic sample of patients assessed in-person beginning in January 2019. Demographics, measures of frailty, co-morbidity, and cognition were abstracted. Wilcoxon Rank Sum tests and Fisher's Exact tests were used for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Results Thirty patients were assessed virtually and compared to 30 in-person historic controls. Median age was 80 years (interquartile range 75-85), 82% were female, 70% were university educated, the median Clinical Frailty Score was 5 out of 9, and 87% used >5 medications. Once normalized, frailty scores showed no difference (p = 0.446). The virtual cohort showed significantly higher outdoor walking aid use (p = 0.015), reduced accuracy with clock drawing (p = 0.020), and nonsignificant trends toward using >10 medications, requiring assistance with >3 instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), and higher treatment attendance. No significant differences were seen for time-to-treat (p = 0.423). Conclusion Patients assessed virtually were similarly frail as the in-person controls but had increased use of walking aids, medications, IADL assistance, and cognitive impairment. In a Canadian context, frail and high socioeconomic status older adults continued to access treatment through virtual FPP assessments during the COVID-19 pandemic highlighting both the benefits of virtual care and potential inequity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie M. Weiss
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew Castelo
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Barbara Liu
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Toronto Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mireille Norris
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Toronto Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Roth L, Seematter-Bagnoud L, Le Pogam MA, Dupraz J, Blanco JM, Henchoz Y, Peytremann-Bridevaux I. Identifying common patterns of health services use: a longitudinal study of older Swiss adults' care trajectories. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:1586. [PMID: 36572888 PMCID: PMC9793504 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08987-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population ageing puts pressure on health systems initially designed to handle acute and episodic illnesses. Segmenting an ageing population based on its healthcare utilization may enable policymakers to undertake evidence-based resource planning. We aimed to derive a typology of healthcare utilization trajectories in Swiss older adults. METHODS Our work used data from the Lc65 + study, a population-based cohort of individuals aged 65 to 70 years at enrolment. The dimensions of healthcare utilization considered were ambulatory care, emergency care, hospitalizations, professional home care and nursing home stay. We applied the Sequence Analysis framework, within which we quantified the variation between each multidimensional pair of sequences, implemented a clustering procedure that grouped together older persons with similar profiles of health services use, and characterized clusters of individuals using selected baseline covariates. RESULTS Healthcare utilization trajectories were analysed for 2271 community-dwelling older adults over a period of 11 years. Six homogeneous subgroups were identified: constant low utilization (83.3% of participants), increased utilization (4.9%), late health deterioration (4.4%), ambulatory care to nursing home (1.5%), early fatal event (3.8%) and high ambulatory care (2.1%). Associations were found between cluster membership and age, sex, household composition, self-perceived health, grip strength measurement, comorbidities, and functional dependency. CONCLUSIONS The heterogeneous healthcare utilization profiles can be clustered into six common patterns. Different manifestations of functional decline were apparent in two distinct trajectory groups featuring regular home care use. Furthermore, a small proportion of individuals with a unique set of characteristics was related to the highest levels of ambulatory and emergency care use. New research avenues are outlined to investigate time-varying effects of health factors inside the clusters containing most unfavourable outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Roth
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Epidemiology and Health Systems, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 10 Route de La Corniche, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Seematter-Bagnoud
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Epidemiology and Health Systems, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 10 Route de La Corniche, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Annick Le Pogam
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Epidemiology and Health Systems, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 10 Route de La Corniche, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julien Dupraz
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Epidemiology and Health Systems, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 10 Route de La Corniche, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Juan-Manuel Blanco
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Epidemiology and Health Systems, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 10 Route de La Corniche, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yves Henchoz
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Epidemiology and Health Systems, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 10 Route de La Corniche, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Peytremann-Bridevaux
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Epidemiology and Health Systems, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 10 Route de La Corniche, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Interactions, relationships and belonging: comparing social connectedness and perceived isolation among older women living alone in private homes and in assisted living. AGEING & SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x22000812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Age-related changes shape social connectedness, isolation and loneliness among older adults. Ageing often accompanies decisions about ageing in place or moving (i.e. senior living facility). Scant research compares these two living arrangements and even sparser research focuses on older women. This study, thus, poses the following questions: How do older women (aged 75+ years) experience social connectedness and perceived isolation? How does this experience vary between older women living alone in private homes and those living in assisted living facilities? Data include semi-structured interviews with women aged 75+ years who live alone in a private home or in an assisted living facility (N = 16). Findings revealed differences in three aspects of social connectedness: interactions, relationships and belonging. Private home participants' interactions underscored intentionality, with minimal investment in forging new or deeper relationships and an emphasis on belonging to the world through awareness, contribution and cognitive ability. The experiences of participants living in assisted living were characterised by availability of interactions and casual relationships. They emphasised belonging to the facility community, while positioning themselves between the status of resident and staff. Surprisingly, most participants in both groups did not express feelings of perceived isolation. Both had adapted their social connectedness expectations to reflect their current situation.
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Díaz-Resendiz KJG, Benitez-Trinidad AB, Covantes-Rosales CE, Toledo-Ibarra GA, Ortiz-Lazareno PC, Girón-Pérez DA, Bueno-Durán AY, Pérez-Díaz DA, Barcelos-García RG, Girón-Pérez MI. Loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ m ) in leucocytes as post-COVID-19 sequelae. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:23-29. [PMID: 35355308 PMCID: PMC9088601 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ma0322-279rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) is a parameter often used to determine mitochondrial function; therefore, it can be used to determine the integrity and functionality of cells. A decrement of ΔΨm is implicated in several inflammatory‐related pathologies, such phenomena can be related to COVID‐19 infection. The present work aimed to compare the ΔΨm in leucocytes (human PBMCs; HPBMC) isolated from healthy control (HC) subjects, patients with COVID‐19 (C‐19), recovered subjects at 40 ± 13 (R1) and 335 ± 20 (R2) days after infection (dai). Obtained data showed that ΔΨm decreased in HPBMC of subjects with C‐19, R1, and R2 compared with HC. When analyzing the ΔΨm data by sex, in females, a significant decrease was observed in R1 and R2 groups versus HC. Regarding men, a significant decrease of ΔΨm was observed in R1, with respect to HC, contrary to R2 group, who reestablished this parameter. Obtained results suggest that the loss of ΔΨm could be related to the long‐COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alma Betsaida Benitez-Trinidad
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Carlos Eduardo Covantes-Rosales
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Gladys Alejandra Toledo-Ibarra
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Pablo Cesar Ortiz-Lazareno
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Daniel Alberto Girón-Pérez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Adela Yolanda Bueno-Durán
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Daniela Alejandra Pérez-Díaz
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Rocío Guadalupe Barcelos-García
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Manuel Iván Girón-Pérez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Nayarit, Mexico
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Finch T, Jonas MC, Rubenstein K, Watson E, Basra S, Martinez J, Horberg M. Life Expectancy Trends Among Integrated Health Care System Enrollees, 2014-2017. Perm J 2021; 25:20.286. [PMID: 35348069 PMCID: PMC8784056 DOI: 10.7812/tpp/20.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has reported downward trends in life expectancy and racial/ethnic differences between 2014 and 2017. OBJECTIVE To determine the life expectancy of the Kaiser Permanente Mid-Atlantic States (KPMAS) insured population as compared to the CDC National Vital Statistics data from 2014 to 2017. We also aimed to highlight the utilization of membership data to inform population statistical estimates such as life expectancy. We examine whether national trends in life expectancy are reflected in an insured population with relatively uniform access to care. METHODS This retrospective, data only study examined life expectancy between 2014 and 2017. Data from electronic medical records and the National Death Index were combined to construct complete life tables by race and sex for the KPMAS population, which was compared to the CDC National Vital Statistics data. RESULTS From 2014 to 2017, the overall KPMAS population life expectancy at birth varied between 84.6 and 85.2 years compared to the CDC reported national average of 78.6-78.9 years (p < 0.001). While the CDC dataset reported a 3.5- to 3.7-year life expectancy gap between non-Hispanic White and non-Hispanic Black populations, in the KPMAS population, this gap was significantly smaller (0.0-0.9 years). The gap in life expectancy between males and females was consistent across KPMAS and the CDC data; however, overall KPMAS male and female patient life expectancy was extended in comparison. CONCLUSION Among members who disclosed their race/ethnicity, KPMAS Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black, and non-Hispanic White members had significantly higher life expectancies than the CDC dataset in all years reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tori Finch
- Mid-Atlantic Permanente Medical Group, Rockville, MD
| | - M Cabell Jonas
- Mid-Atlantic Permanente Medical Group, Rockville, MD
- Mid-Atlantic Permanente Research Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Kevin Rubenstein
- Mid-Atlantic Permanente Medical Group, Rockville, MD
- Mid-Atlantic Permanente Research Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Eric Watson
- Mid-Atlantic Permanente Medical Group, Rockville, MD
- Mid-Atlantic Permanente Research Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Sundeep Basra
- Mid-Atlantic Permanente Medical Group, Rockville, MD
- Mid-Atlantic Permanente Research Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Jose Martinez
- Mid-Atlantic Permanente Medical Group, Rockville, MD
| | - Michael Horberg
- Mid-Atlantic Permanente Medical Group, Rockville, MD
- Mid-Atlantic Permanente Research Institute, Rockville, MD
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Fang W, Huang Y, Han X, Peng J, Zheng M. Characteristics of metastasis and survival between male and female breast cancer with different molecular subtypes: A population-based observational study. Cancer Med 2021; 11:764-777. [PMID: 34898007 PMCID: PMC8817100 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Male breast cancer (BC) is a rare disease, having different clinicopathological features and survival outcomes from female patients. The aim of this research was to, combine with molecular subtypes, analyze the metastatic patterns, and prognosis between male and female patients, and to determine whether the gender was the independent prognostic factor for BC. Methods Data used in this study were acquired from the SEER database from 2010 to 2016. The clinicopathology features and metastatic patterns were compared by the Chi‐square test and Fisher's exact test. Kaplan–Meier method was performed to compare overall survival (OS) and factors correlated with OS were determined by Cox regression models. Competing risk models were used to ascertain factors related to breast cancer‐specific death (BCSD). Results Compared with female BC, the incidence of regional LN (HR 1.849, 95% CI 1.674–2.043, p < 0.001) and distant metastasis (HR 1.421, 95%CI: 1.157–1.744, p < 0.001) was higher in male BC. For regional LN metastasis, hormone receptor (HoR)−/HER2+ subtype occupied the majority in both male (55.56%) and female (36.86%) groups. For distant metastasis, HoR−/HER2− subtype (21.26%), and HoR−/HER2+ (7.67%) were in major in male and female group separately. Male patients shared similar combinations of metastases with female groups as for single‐site, bi‐site, and tri‐site metastasis. Gender was an independent prognostic factor for OS (p < 0.001) but not for BCSD(p = 0.620). In subgroup of patients with HoR+/HER2−(OS: p = 0.003; BCSD: p = 0.606), HoR+/HER2+(OS: p = 0.003; BCSD: p = 0.277), regional LN positive(OS: p = 0.005; BCSD: p = 0.379), or bone metastasis (OS: p = 0.030; BCSD: p = 0.862), the male cohort had poorer OS but similar BCSD with female cohort. Conclusions Compared with female patients, male BC had different metastasis patterns and prognostic outcomes, and the affection of breast subtypes on metastasis and survivorship was also different. More attention needs to be paid for specific molecular subtype and more personalized therapeutic strategies should be customized while treating male patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentong Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinghui Peng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingjie Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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20
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Kankaanpää A, Tolvanen A, Saikkonen P, Heikkinen A, Laakkonen EK, Kaprio J, Ollikainen M, Sillanpää E. Do epigenetic clocks provide explanations for sex differences in lifespan? A cross-sectional twin study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 77:1898-1906. [PMID: 34752604 PMCID: PMC9434475 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The sex gap in life expectancy has been narrowing in Finland over the past 4–5 decades; however, on average, women still live longer than men. Epigenetic clocks are markers for biological aging which predict life span. In this study, we examined the mediating role of lifestyle factors on the association between sex and biological aging in younger and older adults. Methods Our sample consists of younger and older twins (21‒42 years, n = 1 477; 50‒76 years, n = 763) including 151 complete younger opposite-sex twin pairs (21‒30 years). Blood-based DNA methylation was used to compute epigenetic age acceleration by 4 epigenetic clocks as a measure of biological aging. Path modeling was used to study whether the association between sex and biological aging is mediated through lifestyle-related factors, that is, education, body mass index, smoking, alcohol use, and physical activity. Results In comparison to women, men were biologically older and, in general, they had unhealthier life habits. The effect of sex on biological aging was partly mediated by body mass index and, in older twins, by smoking. Sex was directly associated with biological aging and the association was stronger in older twins. Conclusions Previously reported sex differences in life span are also evident in biological aging. Declining smoking prevalence among men is a plausible explanation for the narrowing of the difference in life expectancy between the sexes. Data generated by the epigenetic clocks may help in estimating the effects of lifestyle and environmental factors on aging and in predicting aging in future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kankaanpää
- Gerontology Research Center (GEREC), Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Asko Tolvanen
- Methodology Center for Human Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Pirkko Saikkonen
- Gerontology Research Center (GEREC), Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Aino Heikkinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLife, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija K Laakkonen
- Gerontology Research Center (GEREC), Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLife, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miina Ollikainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLife, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Sillanpää
- Gerontology Research Center (GEREC), Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLife, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Hossin MZ. The male disadvantage in life expectancy: can we close the gender gap? Int Health 2021; 13:482-484. [PMID: 33533409 PMCID: PMC7928849 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihaa106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Men are usually considered to be the stronger sex. However, when it comes to health, they are evidently weaker than their female counterparts. In almost all countries around the world, men consistently live shorter lives than women. The gender gap in longevity has once again been evident during the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which kills men disproportionately. Drawing on the relevant scientific literature and updated information, this article aimed to provide useful insights into the biological and social mechanisms that potentially underlie the gender gap in life expectancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zakir Hossin
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of General Education, Eastern University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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22
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Che-Castaldo J, Havercamp K, Watanuki K, Matsuzawa T, Hirata S, Ross SR. Comparative survival analyses among captive chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes) in America and Japan. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11913. [PMID: 34447626 PMCID: PMC8364750 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Detailed, long-term datasets on the life histories of long-lived species such as great apes are necessary to understand their survival patterns but are relatively rare. Such information requires prolonged and consistent record-keeping over many generations, so for chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), this equates to many decades of input. As life history variables can be altered by differences in environmental influences (whether natural or artificial), there is substantial value to being able to compare across populations. Here, we present the first comparative analysis of life history data for two ex situ chimpanzee populations residing in North America (1975–2020; n = 730) and Japan (1980–2020; n = 660). Overall, survival patterns were similar between regions, and the median life expectancy from birth is estimated at 35.7 (95% CI = [32.4–40.0]) years for females and 30.1 (27.3–34.3) years for males across both populations. Females who survive to their first birthday are estimated to survive 42.4 (40.0–46.3) years and males 35.5 (32.6–38.0) years. We found that birth type (wild-born or captive-born) did not influence survival patterns in either population, but there were differential effects of sex on longevity. In the America population, males had higher mortality rates than females, whereas in the Japan population we found no differences between the sexes. First year mortality did not differ between populations for males (18–20%), but for females it was lower in America (15%) compared to Japan (25%). Survival patterns of chimpanzees in the present study will be useful for future investigation into potential causes of regional differences and cross-species comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Che-Castaldo
- Alexander Center for Applied Population Biology, Conservation & Science Department, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | | | | | - Tetsuro Matsuzawa
- Chubu Gakuin University, Gifu, Japan.,Division of the Humanities and Social Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Satoshi Hirata
- Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Kumamoto Sanctuary, Kyoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Stephen R Ross
- Lester E. Fisher Center for the Study and Conservation of Apes, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, Illinois, United States
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23
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Alam MZ. Women outweighed men at life expectancy in Bangladesh: does it mean a better quality of life? Heliyon 2021; 7:e07618. [PMID: 34368483 PMCID: PMC8326742 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Men had a higher life expectancy than women until 2000 in Bangladesh. After 2000, statistics showed that women had a higher life expectancy than men. We aimed to address whether higher life expectancy is a gain or burden (Failures of Success) for older women. Methods We utilised data from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey-2011, Health and Morbidity Status Survey-2014, Population and Housing Census-2011, Household Income and Expenditure Survey-2010, and primary data. We calculated and estimated gender-specific different aspects of quality of life. Findings Findings showed that the mean age at marriage was 5.8 years lower for women, while life expectancy was three years higher than men; thus, women were expected to live for 8.8 years alone. Both disabilities and morbidities were higher among women than men; hence they had lower healthy life expectancy. About 53% of women could work daily activities while 8% higher for men. Only 2.4% of women earned while almost 58% for men. Depression and loneliness were also higher among women than men. The value of the active ageing index and quality of life were also lower for women than men. Conclusion This study overall found that there were the Failures of Success especially for older women in Bangladesh, as increasing life expectancies led them to extra years of chronic illness, economic insolvency, more anxiety and depression, and increasing misery. Therefore, sex and gender and their inherent differences should inform decision making to promote gender equity in health. The government and policymakers may intervene for quality of life, especially for women, through reducing gender stereotypes and increasing community engagement. Without considering the quality of life, healthy ageing cannot be ensured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Zakiul Alam
- Department of Population Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
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24
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Romero-Parra N, Maestre-Cascales C, Marín-Jiménez N, Rael B, Alfaro-Magallanes VM, Cupeiro R, Peinado AB. Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Postmenopausal Well-Trained Women. Sports Health 2021; 13:613-621. [PMID: 34039086 DOI: 10.1177/19417381211014134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex hormone deprivation derived from menopause may affect exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). No studies have previously evaluated this response between postmpenopausal and premenopausal eumenorrheic women over the menstrual cycle. HYPOTHESIS Postmenopausal women will present higher EIMD markers than premenopausal women, especially in comparison with the menstrual cycle phases where sex hormone concentrations are higher. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3. METHODS Thirteen postmenopausal and 19 eumenorrheic women, all of them resistance-trained, performed an eccentric squat-based exercise. The postmenopausal group performed 1 bout of exercise, while the eumenorrheic group performed 3 bouts coinciding with the early follicular, late follicular, and mid-luteal phases ot their menstrual cycle. Muscle soreness, countermovement jump, creatine kinase (CK), myoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and C-reactive protein were evaluated before and postexercise. RESULTS The expected differences in sex hormones were observed between groups (P < 0.001) according to their reproductive status. Postexercise increases in CK, myoglobin, and muscle soreness (168.2 ± 45.5 U/L, 123.1 ± 41.5 µg/L, and 20.7 ± 21.3 mm, respectively) were observed in comparison with baseline (136.2 ± 45.5 U/L, 76.9 ± 13.8 µg/L, and 2.7 ± 4.2 mm, respectively). Myoglobin values at baseline in postmenopausal women were higher compared with premenopausal women in the aforementioned menstrual cycle phases, respectively (62.8 ± 8.2, 60.4 ± 7.2, and 60.1 ± 10.6 µg/L; P < 0.001 for all comparisons), which was supported by large effect sizes (0.72-1.08 standardized d units). No postexercise differences were observed between groups in any markers (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Despite higher resting levels of myoglobin and lower strength values in postmenopausal than in premenopausal women, EIMD was similar between both reproductive profiles. This suggests a potential benefit of being physically active despite aging and sex hormone deprivation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Sex hormone deprivation derived from menopause seems not to influence muscle damage reponse to eccentric exercise in resistance-trained postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Romero-Parra
- LFE Research Group. Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Science, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Maestre-Cascales
- LFE Research Group. Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Science, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Marín-Jiménez
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education. Faculty of Education Sciences, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA), University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Beatriz Rael
- LFE Research Group. Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Science, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor M Alfaro-Magallanes
- LFE Research Group. Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Science, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Cupeiro
- LFE Research Group. Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Science, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B Peinado
- LFE Research Group. Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Science, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
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Dagliati A, Peek N, Brinton RD, Geifman N. Sex and APOE genotype differences related to statin use in the aging population. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2021; 7:e12156. [PMID: 33969178 PMCID: PMC8088592 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Significant evidence suggests that the cholesterol-lowering statins can affect cognitive function and reduce the risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia. These potential effects may be constrained by specific combinations of an individual's sex and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype. METHODS Here we examine data from 252,327 UK Biobank participants, aged 55 or over, and compare the effects of statin use in males and females. We assessed difference in statin treatments taking a matched cohort approach, and identified key stratifiers using regression models and conditional inference trees. Using statistical modeling, we further evaluated the effect of statins on survival, cognitive decline over time, and on AD prevalence. RESULTS We identified that in the selected population, males were older, had a higher level of education, better cognitive scores, higher incidence of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, and a higher rate of statin use. We observed that males and those participants with an APOE ε4-positive genotype had higher probabilities of being treated with statins; while participants with an AD diagnosis had slightly lower probabilities. We found that use of statins was not significantly associated with overall higher rates of survival. However, when considering the interaction of statin use with sex, the results suggest higher survival rates in males treated with statins. Finally, examination of cognitive function indicates a potential beneficial effect of statins that is selective for APOE ε4-positive genotypes. DISCUSSION Our evaluation of the aging population in a large cohort from the UK Biobank confirms sex and APOE genotype as fundamental risk stratifiers for AD and cognitive function, furthermore it extends them to the specific area of statin use, clarifying their specific interactions with treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Dagliati
- Centre for Health InformaticsUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- The Manchester Molecular Pathology Innovation CentreUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Department of ElectricalComputer and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Niels Peek
- Centre for Health InformaticsUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research CentreManchester Academic Health Science CentreUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Roberta Diaz Brinton
- Department of PharmacologyCollege of MedicineUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
- Department of NeurologyCollege of MedicineUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
- Center for Innovation in Brain ScienceUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Nophar Geifman
- Centre for Health InformaticsUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- The Manchester Molecular Pathology Innovation CentreUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
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26
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Li H, Yao Y, Duan Y, Liao Y, Yan S, Liu X, Zhao Z, Fu Y, Yin P, Cheng J, Jiang H. Years of life lost and mortality risk attributable to non-optimum temperature in Shenzhen: a time-series study. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2021; 31:187-196. [PMID: 32054993 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-020-0202-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To assess YLL and mortality burden attributable to non-optimum ambient temperature, we collected mortality and environmental data from June 1, 2012 to December 30, 2017 in Shenzhen. We applied distributed lag nonlinear models with 21 days of lag to examine temperature-YLL and temperature-mortality associations, and calculated the attributable fractions of YLL and deaths for non-optimum temperature, including four subranges, mild cold, mild heat, extreme cold, and extreme heat. Cold and heat were distinguished by the optimum temperature, and each was separated into extreme and mild by cutoffs at 2.5th (12.2 °C) and 97.5th (30.4 °C) temperature percentile further. The optimum temperature was defined as the temperature that had minimum effect on YLL or mortality risk. The optimum temperature for non-accidental YLL was 24.5 °C, and for mortality it was 25.4 °C. Except for the population older than 65 years, the optimum temperature was generally lower in the YLL model than the mortality model. Of the total 61,576 non-accidental deaths and 1,350,835.7 YLL within the study period, 17.28% (95% empirical CI 9.42-25.14%) of YLL and 17.27% (12.70-21.34%) of mortality were attributable to non-optimum temperature. More YLL was caused by cold (10.14%, 3.94-16.36%) than by heat (7.14%, 0.47-13.88%). Mild cold (12.2-24.5 °C) was responsible for far more YLL (8.78%, 3.00-14.61%) than extreme cold (3.5-12.2 °C). As for cardiovascular deaths, only the fractions attributable to overall and cold temperature were significant, with mild cold contributing the largest fraction to YLL (16.31%, 6.85-25.82%) and mortality (16.08%, 9.77-21.22%). Most of the temperature-related YLL and mortality was attributable to mild but non-optimum weather, especially mild cold, while the YLL model implied a more prominent heat effect on premature death. Our findings can supply additional evidence from multiperspectives for health planners to define priorities and make targeted policies for mitigating the burden of adverse temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 8 Longyuan Rd, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanran Duan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Liao
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 8 Longyuan Rd, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Siyu Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xuehan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhao
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 8 Longyuan Rd, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingbin Fu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 8 Longyuan Rd, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Jinquan Cheng
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 8 Longyuan Rd, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hongwei Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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27
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Sultanova RF, Schibalski R, Yankelevich IA, Stadler K, Ilatovskaya DV. Sex differences in renal mitochondrial function: a hormone-gous opportunity for research. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F1117-F1124. [PMID: 33135479 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00320.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex differences (biological distinctions between males and females) present a complex interplay of genetic, developmental, biological, and environmental factors. More and more studies are shedding light on the importance of sex differences in normal physiology and susceptibility to cancer, cardiovascular and renal conditions, and neurodegenerative diseases. This mini-review is devoted to the role of sex dimorphisms in renal function, with a focus on the distinctions between male and female mitochondria. Here, we cover the aspects of renal mitochondrial bioenergetics where sex differences have been reported to date, for instance, biogenesis, reactive oxygen species production, and oxidative stress. Special attention is devoted to the effects of sex hormones, such as estrogen and testosterone, on mitochondrial bioenergetics in the kidney in physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina F Sultanova
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,Saint-Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ryan Schibalski
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Irina A Yankelevich
- Saint-Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Insitute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Daria V Ilatovskaya
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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Giagulli VA, Guastamacchia E, Magrone T, Jirillo E, Lisco G, De Pergola G, Triggiani V. Worse progression of COVID-19 in men: Is testosterone a key factor? Andrology 2020; 9:53-64. [PMID: 32524732 PMCID: PMC7307026 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) disease 2019 (COVID‐19) seems to have a worse clinical course among infected men compared with women, thus highlighting concerns about gender predisposition to serious prognosis. Therefore, androgens, particularly testosterone (T), could be suspected as playing a critical role in driving this excess of risk. However, gonadal function in critically ill men is actually unknown, mainly because serum T concentration is not routinely measured in clinical practice, even more in this clinical context. Objective To overview on possible mechanisms by which serum T levels could affect the progression of COVID‐19 in men. Methods Authors searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Google, and institutional websites for medical subject headings terms and free text words referred to “SARS‐CoV‐2,” “COVID‐19,” “testosterone,” “male hypogonadism,” “gender” “immune system,” “obesity,” “thrombosis” until May 19th 2020. Results T, co‐regulating the expression of angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 and transmembrane protease serine 2 in host cells, may facilitate SARS‐CoV‐2 internalization. Instead, low serum T levels may predispose to endothelial dysfunction, thrombosis and defective immune response, leading to both impaired viral clearance and systemic inflammation. Obesity, one of the leading causes of severe prognosis in infected patients, is strictly associated with functional hypogonadism, and may consistently strengthen the aforementioned alterations, ultimately predisposing to serious respiratory and systemic consequences. Discussion and conclusion T in comparison to estrogen may predispose men to a widespread COVID‐19 infection. Low serum levels of T, which should be supposed to characterize the hormonal milieu in seriously ill individuals, may predispose men, especially elderly men, to poor prognosis or death. Further studies are needed to confirm these pathophysiological assumptions and to promptly identify adequate therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito A Giagulli
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine - Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.,Outpatients Clinic of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Conversano Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Edoardo Guastamacchia
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine - Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Thea Magrone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lisco
- Unit of Endocrinology, Metabolic Disease & Clinical Nutrition, Hospital "A. Perrino", Brindisi, Italy
| | - Giovanni De Pergola
- Departmentof Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Triggiani
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine - Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
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29
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Corbi G, Cacciatore F, Komici K, Rengo G, Vitale DF, Furgi G, Pagano G, Bencivenga L, Davinelli S, Ferrara N. Inter-relationships between Gender, Frailty and 10-Year Survival in Older Italian Adults: an observational longitudinal study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18416. [PMID: 31804552 PMCID: PMC6895198 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54897-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim of the present study was to assess the impact of gender on the relationship between long-term mortality and clinical frailty. In an observational, longitudinal study on 10-year mortality, we examined 1284 subjects. The Frailty Staging System was used to assess frailty. The Cox model was employed to assess variables independently associated with survival using a backward stepwise algorithm. To investigate the possible interactions between gender and the selected variables, an extension of the multivariable fractional polynomial algorithm was adopted. Women were more likely to be older, have a higher disability, present with more comorbidities, consume more drugs, be frail and have a higher rate of survival at the follow-up than were men. At the Cox multivariate analysis only age (HR 2.26), female gender (HR 0.43), and number of drugs (HR 1.57) were significant and independent factors associated with all-cause mortality. In the survival analyses, only frailty (vs no frailty) showed significant interaction with gender (p < 0.001, HR = 1.92). While the presence of frailty reduced the survival rate in women, no effect was observed in men. Importantly, frail women showed higher survival rates than did both frail and no frail men. The main finding of the present study is that gender shapes up the association between frailty and long-term survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziamaria Corbi
- Dept of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, and Italian Society of Gerontology and Geriatrics (SIGG), Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Francesco Cacciatore
- Dept of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Klara Komici
- Dept of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, and Italian Society of Gerontology and Geriatrics (SIGG), Campobasso, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rengo
- Dept of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA Società Benefit" (ICS Maugeri SpA SB), Telese Terme, (BN), Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Furgi
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA Società Benefit" (ICS Maugeri SpA SB), Telese Terme, (BN), Italy
| | - Gennaro Pagano
- Dept of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN) King's College, London, UK
| | - Leonardo Bencivenga
- Dept of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Sergio Davinelli
- Dept of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, and Italian Society of Gerontology and Geriatrics (SIGG), Campobasso, Italy
| | - Nicola Ferrara
- Dept of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA Società Benefit" (ICS Maugeri SpA SB), Telese Terme, (BN), Italy
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Kolip P, Lange C, Finne E. [Gender equality and the gender gap in life expectancy in Germany]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2019; 62:943-951. [PMID: 31165173 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-019-02974-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gender gap in life expectancy is documented worldwide with lower life expectancy in male new-borns. International studies have shown that the gender gap in life expectancy varies markedly with gender inequality. OBJECTIVES The paper addresses the questions: (1) whether there are life-expectancy differences between the federal states and whether the extent of gender equality at federal level is associated with (2) gender differences in life expectancy and (3) the life expectancy of women and men. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Gender Inequality Index (GII) developed by the United Nations Development Project was calculated using data from the federal states. Using linear regressions, GII was associated with the gender gap in life expectancy as well as with life expectancy in males and females. RESULTS The GII varies between 0.065 (Bavaria) and 0.117 (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) and the gender gap in life expectancy differs by almost two years within Germany. We found a correlation between the gender difference in life expectancy and GII (R2 linear = 0.848) as well as between GII and life expectancy of male (R2 linear = 0.700), but not female newborns (R2 linear = 0.102). The association remains if GDP is taken into account as an indicator of economic power. CONCLUSIONS Gender equality seems to be positively related to the life expectancy of men. This can be explained by the reduced importance of male gender stereotypes and associated risk behaviors. The requirements for gender-differentiated interventions formulated in the Prevention Act (Präventionsgesetz) are highly significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kolip
- Arbeitsgruppe 4: Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung, Fakultät für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Universität Bielefeld, Postfach 100 131, 33501, Bielefeld, Deutschland.
| | - Cornelia Lange
- Abteilung für Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Emily Finne
- Arbeitsgruppe 4: Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung, Fakultät für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Universität Bielefeld, Postfach 100 131, 33501, Bielefeld, Deutschland
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31
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Stenbäck V, Mutt SJ, Leppäluoto J, Gagnon DD, Mäkelä KA, Jokelainen J, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S, Herzig KH. Association of Physical Activity With Telomere Length Among Elderly Adults - The Oulu Cohort 1945. Front Physiol 2019; 10:444. [PMID: 31105579 PMCID: PMC6499171 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Physical activity (PA) has been associated with telomere shortening. The association of PA intensity or volume with telomere length (TL) is nonetheless unclear. The aim of our study was to investigate the associations of exercise intensity and volume with TL in elderly adults from Northern Finland (65° latitude North). Methods: Seven hundred elderly subjects born in 1945 in the Oulu region were investigated. PA was measured during a 2-week period with a wrist-worn accelerometer. In addition, a questionnaire was used to assess sedentary time and to achieve a longitudinal PA history and intensity. Relative telomere lengths (RTL) were determined from frozen whole blood samples using a qPCR-based method. Results: Relative telomere lengths were significantly longer in women than men and negatively correlated with age in both genders (men r = -0.210, p = 0.000, women r = -0.174, and p = 0.000). During the 2-week study period, women took more steps than men (p = 0.001), but the association between steps and RTL was only seen in men (p = 0.05). Total steps taken (r = 0.202 and p = 0.04) and sedentary time (r = -0.247 and p = 0.007) significantly correlated with RTLs in 70-year old subjects. Moderate PA was associated with RTL in subjects with the highest quartile of moderate PA compared to the three lower quartiles (p-values: 0.023 between 4th and 1st, 0.04 between 4th and 2nd, and 0.027 between 4th and 3rd) in the 70-year old subjects. Conclusion: Women had longer RTL and a higher step count compared to men. However, exercise volume and RTL correlated positively only in men. Surprisingly, age correlated negatively with RTL already within an age difference of 2 years. This suggests that telomere attrition rate may accelerate in older age. Moderate physical activity at the time of study was associated with RTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ville Stenbäck
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology and Biocenter of Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Shivaprakash Jagalur Mutt
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology and Biocenter of Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juhani Leppäluoto
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology and Biocenter of Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Dominique D Gagnon
- Laboratory of Environmental Exercise Physiology, School of Human Kinetics, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada.,Centre for Research in Occupational Safety and Health, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Kari A Mäkelä
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology and Biocenter of Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jari Jokelainen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Unit of General Practice, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Unit of General Practice, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology and Biocenter of Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Gender disparities in health care expenditures and financing strategies (HCFS) for inpatient care in India. SSM Popul Health 2019; 9:100372. [PMID: 31998823 PMCID: PMC6978493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the vast literature on health care expenditures (HCE) and health care financing strategies (HCFS) in low- and middle-income countries, there is limited evidence of gender disparity in HCFS for inpatient care. We examined gender disparities in HCE and HCFS for inpatient care among adults aged 15 and older in India which is widely known for gender-based discrimination in sex-selective abortion, nutrition, and access to health care. Using data from a nationally representative large-scale population-based survey, we investigated the relationship between the gender of adult patients and HCE as well as sources of health care financing. Simple percentage distribution, cross-tabulation, a two-level random intercept model, and multinomial logit regression were used to examine the role of gender in HCE and sources of health care financing for inpatient care. Average HCE is lower for women in adult age groups, regardless of the type of disease and duration of stay in the hospital. This result remained unchanged after controlling for other background variables of the patients. Women are also discriminated against more when health care has to be paid for by borrowing, sale of assets, or contributions from friends and relatives (distressed financing). Multinomial logit results show that the probability of distressed financing is less for females than for males (borrowing: β = −0.27; confidence interval [CI], −0.37 to −0.17; P = .001; selling assets/contribution from friends and relatives: β = −0.27; CI, −0.39 to −0.14; P = .001). The predicted probability of using health care financing implies that the health of adult men is considered to be more important, in terms of resorting to distressed financing, than that of adult women HCE on adult women inpatients is systematically lower than that of adult men inpatients. Further, women in India have less access to inpatient care through distressed HCFS. Average in-patient health-care expenditure is substantially lower among adult females than adult's males in India. The likelihood of using distress financing is lower for female adults than male adults. Gender disparity in using ”borrowing“ as a healthcare financing strategy is higher among low-income households.
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Radocha J, Hájek R, Brožová L, Pour L, Špička I, Minařík J, Gregora E, Jungová A, Jelínek T, Heindorfer A, Sýkora M, Maisnar V. Simplified novel prognostic score for real-life older adults with multiple myeloma-registry-based analysis. Ann Hematol 2018; 98:951-962. [PMID: 30539278 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-018-3568-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The main goal was to find a simple prognostic to evaluate overall survival of patients older than 65 years of age with myeloma. Retrospective registry-based analysis from the Registry of Monoclonal Gammopathies was conducted. Patients over 65 years with symptomatic myeloma were included. The four major parameters with impact on survival were identified: male gender, age > 75, creatinine > 152 μmol/L, and ECOG performance status 2-4. The patients were scored as good (0 points), intermediate good (1 point), intermediate poor (2 points), poor (3-4 points). Patients (1410 MM) were included. Median OS (months) was 65.7 (95% CI 49.8-81.7) for good, 51.0 (44.1-57.8) for intermediate good, 32.2 (26.2-38.2) for intermediate poor, and 18.9 (15.1-22.7) for poor. The differences in OS were statistically significant (p < 0.0001). Good score was used as reference for hazard ratios, which for each other score were 1.43 (1.09-1.84) for intermediate good, 2.58 (2.00-3.33) for intermediate poor, and 3.88 (2.94-5.10) for poor. Time to progression showed medians (months) 20.5 (17.4-62.4) for good, 19.3 (17.0-21.7) for intermediate good, 19.6 (16.2-23.0) for intermediate poor, and 13.0 (10.8-15.2) for poor. The suggested scoring system provides readily available information about the prognosis of MM patients above 65 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Radocha
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology, Faculty Hospital, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic. .,Czech Myeloma Group, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - R Hájek
- Czech Myeloma Group, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Hematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava and Faculty of Medicine University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - L Brožová
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - L Pour
- Czech Myeloma Group, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine Masaryk Universtiy, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - I Špička
- Czech Myeloma Group, Brno, Czech Republic.,1st Medical Department - Clinical Department of Haematology of the First Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Minařík
- Czech Myeloma Group, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Hemato-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - E Gregora
- Czech Myeloma Group, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Faculty Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Jungová
- Czech Myeloma Group, Brno, Czech Republic.,Hematology and Oncology Department, Charles University Hospital Pilsen, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - T Jelínek
- Czech Myeloma Group, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Hematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava and Faculty of Medicine University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - A Heindorfer
- Czech Myeloma Group, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Clinical Hematology, Hospital Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - M Sýkora
- Czech Myeloma Group, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Clinical Hematology, Hospital Ceske Budejovice, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - V Maisnar
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology, Faculty Hospital, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.,Czech Myeloma Group, Brno, Czech Republic
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34
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Chen Y, Yu T. Testosterone mediates hyperthermic response of mice to heat exposure. Life Sci 2018; 214:34-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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35
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Park K, Oeda T, Kohsaka M, Tomita S, Umemura A, Sawada H. Low body mass index and life prognosis in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2018; 55:81-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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36
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Axson EL, Peterson KE, Tellez-Rojo MM, Goodrich JM, Meeker J, Mercado-García A, Solano M, Needham BL. Sex Differences in Telomere Length Are Not Mediated by Sex Steroid Hormones or Body Size in Early Adolescence. GENDER AND THE GENOME 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/2470289718795177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomere length is a biomarker of cell aging that is hypothesized to contribute to women’s greater longevity. Although most previous studies have found no sex difference in telomere length at birth, it is well established that females have longer average telomere length than males during adulthood. Proposed biological mechanisms underlying sex differences in adult telomere length include differences in sex steroid hormones and body size, which emerge during the pubertal transition. The purpose of this study was to examine the total effect of sex on telomere length during early adolescence and to examine estradiol, total testosterone, and body surface area (BSA; a measure of body size) as potential mediators of sex differences in telomere length. Data were from a population-based sample of 126 female and 109 male Hispanic adolescents aged 8 to 14 years from the Early Life Exposures in Mexico to ENvironmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) study. Relative telomere length (T/S ratio) was measured by the quantitative polymerase chain reaction method; sex steroid hormones were measured using an automated chemiluminescent immunoassay, and BSA was calculated using measured height and weight. Adjusting for age and pubertal status, we found that girls had significantly longer telomeres than boys (β = .13; P < .01), but there were no significant indirect effects of sex on telomere length through any of the proposed mediators. We conclude that sex differences in telomere length are evident during early adolescence but are not explained by cross-sectional differences in sex steroid hormones or body size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor L. Axson
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Karen E. Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Center for Human Growth and Development, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Martha M. Tellez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health of Mexico, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jaclyn M. Goodrich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Adriana Mercado-García
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health of Mexico, Col Santa Maria Ahuacatitlan, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Maritsa Solano
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health of Mexico, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Belinda L. Needham
- Department of Epidemiology and Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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37
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Cardinale DA, Larsen FJ, Schiffer TA, Morales-Alamo D, Ekblom B, Calbet JAL, Holmberg HC, Boushel R. Superior Intrinsic Mitochondrial Respiration in Women Than in Men. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1133. [PMID: 30174617 PMCID: PMC6108574 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism is apparent in humans, however, to date no studies have investigated mitochondrial function focusing on intrinsic mitochondrial respiration (i.e., mitochondrial respiration for a given amount of mitochondrial protein) and mitochondrial oxygen affinity (p50mito) in relation to biological sex in human. A skeletal muscle biopsy was donated by nine active women, and ten men matched for maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and by nine endurance trained men. Intrinsic mitochondrial respiration, assessed in isolated mitochondria, was higher in women compared to men when activating complex I (CIP) and complex I+II (CI+IIP) (p < 0.05), and was similar to trained men (CIP, p = 0.053; CI+IIP, p = 0.066). Proton leak and p50mito were higher in women compared to men independent of VO2max. In conclusion, significant novel differences in mitochondrial oxidative function, intrinsic mitochondrial respiration and p50mito exist between women and men. These findings may represent an adaptation in the oxygen cascade in women to optimize muscle oxygen uptake to compensate for a lower oxygen delivery during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele A Cardinale
- Åstrand Laboratory, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Filip J Larsen
- Åstrand Laboratory, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas A Schiffer
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Morales-Alamo
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Björn Ekblom
- Åstrand Laboratory, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jose A L Calbet
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain.,School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hans-Christer Holmberg
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Robert Boushel
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Kavanagh SA, Shelley JM, Stevenson C. Is gender inequity a risk factor for men reporting poorer self-rated health in the United States? PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200332. [PMID: 30016345 PMCID: PMC6049919 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Theoretical approaches suggest that gender inequity increases men's health risks. Previous findings from the United States support this contention, however only a small number of health outcomes have been explored. This study extends the range of health outcomes examined by using a cross-sectional, multilevel analysis to investigate whether measures of state-level gender inequity are predictors of men's self-rated health. Data were derived primarily from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and the full-case data set included 116,594 individuals nested within 50 states. Gender inequity was measured with nine variables: higher education, women's reproductive rights, abortion provider access, elected office, management, business ownership, labour force participation, earnings and relative poverty. Covariates at the individual level were age, income, education, race/ethnicity, marital status and employment status. Covariates at the state level were income inequality and gross domestic product per capita. In fully adjusted models for all-age men the reproductive rights (OR 1.06 95% CI 1.01-1.11), abortion provider access (OR 1.11 95% CI 1.05-1.16) and earnings (OR 1.06 95% CI 1.02-1.12) measures all predicted an increased risk of men reporting poorer self-rated health for each 1 standard deviation increase in the gender inequity z-score. The most consistent effect was seen for the 65+ age group where the reproductive rights (OR 1.09 95% CI 1.03-1.16), abortion provider access (OR 1.15 95% CI 1.09-1.21), elected office (OR 1.06 95% CI 1.01-1.11) and earnings (OR 1.10 95% CI 1.04-1.16) measures all showed a significant effect. These findings provide evidence that some aspects of gender inequity increase the risk of poorer self-rated health in men. The study contributes to a growing body of literature implicating gender inequity in men's health patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane A. Kavanagh
- Department of Public Health, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julia M. Shelley
- School of Health & Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher Stevenson
- School of Health & Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Höhn A, Larsen LA, Schneider DC, Lindahl-Jacobsen R, Rau R, Christensen K, Oksuzyan A. Sex differences in the 1-year risk of dying following all-cause and cause-specific hospital admission after age 50 in comparison with a general and non-hospitalised population: a register-based cohort study of the Danish population. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e021813. [PMID: 30018099 PMCID: PMC6059308 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examine the mortality of men and women within the first year after all-cause and cause-specific hospital admission to investigate whether the sex differences in mortality after hospitalisation are higher than in the corresponding general and non-hospitalised population. DESIGN This is a population-based, longitudinal study with nationwide coverage. The study population was identified by linking the National Patient Register with the Central Population Register using a 5% random sample of the Danish population. SETTING The population born between 1898 and 1961, who was alive and residing in Denmark after 1977, was followed up between 1977 and 2011 with respect to hospital admissions and mortality while aged 50-79. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES The absolute sex differences in the 1-year risk of dying after all-cause and cause-specific hospital admission. The hospitalised population sex differentials were then compared with the sex differences in a general and a non-hospitalised population, randomly matched by age, sex and hospitalisation status. RESULTS The risk of dying was consistently higher for hospitalised men and women. At all ages, the absolute sex differences in mortality were largest in the hospitalised population, were smaller in the general population and were smallest in the non-hospitalised population. This pattern was consistent across all-cause admissions, and with respect to admissions for neoplasms, circulatory diseases and respiratory diseases. For all-cause hospital admissions, absolute sex differences in the 1-year risk of dying resulted in 43.8 excess male deaths per 1,000 individuals within the age range 50-79, while the levels were lower in the general and the non-hospitalised population, at levels of 13.5 and 6.6, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates a larger male disadvantage in mortality following hospitalisation, pointing towards an association between the health status of a population and the magnitude of the female advantage in mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Höhn
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Biodemography, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth Aagaard Larsen
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Biodemography, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Rune Lindahl-Jacobsen
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Biodemography, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Roland Rau
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Sociology and Demography, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Biodemography, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Danish Aging Research Center, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anna Oksuzyan
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany
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40
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Song Y, Cho M, Brennan KM, Chen BH, Song Y, Manson JE, Hevener AL, You NCY, Butch AW, Liu S. Relationships of sex hormone levels with leukocyte telomere length in Black, Hispanic, and Asian/Pacific Islander postmenopausal women. J Diabetes 2018; 10:502-511. [PMID: 28609023 PMCID: PMC6499547 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex hormones may play important roles in sex-specific biological aging. In the study, we specifically examined associations between circulating sex hormone concentrations and leukocyte telomere length (TL). METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1124 Black, 444 Hispanic, and 289 Asian/Pacific Islander women in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Cohort. Estradiol and testosterone concentrations were measured using electrochemiluminescence immunoassays; TL was measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Women in the study were aged 50-79 years. Estradiol concentrations were not significantly associated with TL in this sample. The associations between total and free testosterone and TL differed by race/ethnicity (Pinteraction = 0.03 and 0.05 for total and free testosterone, respectively). Total and free testosterone concentrations were not associated with TL in Black and Hispanic women, whereas in Asian/Pacific Islander women their concentrations were inversely associated with TL (Ptrend = 0.003 for both). These associations appeared robust in multiple subgroup analyses and multivariable models adjusted for potential confounding factors. In Asian/Pacific Islander women, a doubling of serum free and total testosterone concentrations was associated with a 202-bp shorter TL (95% confidence interval [CI] 51-353 bp) and 203-bp shorter TL (95% CI 50-355 bp), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Serum estradiol concentrations were not associated with leukocyte TL in this large sample of postmenopausal women. Total and free testosterone concentrations were inversely associated with TL in Asian/Pacific Islander women, but not in Black and Hispanic women, although future studies to replicate our observations are warranted particularly to address potential ethnicity-specific relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Michele Cho
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kathleen M Brennan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Brian H Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yiqing Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrea L Hevener
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nai-Chieh Y You
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anthony W Butch
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Simin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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41
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Life expectancy and healthy life expectancy changes between 2000 and 2015: an analysis of 183 World Health Organization member states. J Public Health (Oxf) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-017-0870-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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42
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Mitochondria: a central target for sex differences in pathologies. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:803-822. [PMID: 28424375 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
It is increasingly acknowledged that a sex and gender specificity affects the occurrence, development, and consequence of a plethora of pathologies. Mitochondria are considered as the powerhouse of the cell because they produce the majority of energy-rich phosphate bonds in the form of adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) but they also participate in many other functions like steroid hormone synthesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, ionic regulation, and cell death. Adequate cellular energy supply and survival depend on mitochondrial life cycle, a process involving mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, and quality control via mitophagy. It appears that mitochondria are the place of marked sexual dimorphism involving mainly oxidative capacities, calcium handling, and resistance to oxidative stress. In turn, sex hormones regulate mitochondrial function and biogenesis. Mutations in genes encoding mitochondrial proteins are the origin of serious mitochondrial genetic diseases. Mitochondrial dysfunction is also an important parameter for a large panel of pathologies including neuromuscular disorders, encephalopathies, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), metabolic disorders, neuropathies, renal dysfunction etc. Many of these pathologies present sex/gender specificity. Here we review the sexual dimorphism of mitochondria from different tissues and how this dimorphism takes part in the sex specificity of important pathologies mainly CVDs and neurological disorders.
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Tannenbaum C, Day D. Age and sex in drug development and testing for adults. Pharmacol Res 2017; 121:83-93. [PMID: 28455265 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Individualization of drug therapy requires that the right drug be administered at the correct dose to patients who are likely to achieve the highest benefit and lowest risk. Female sex and age comprise two important risk factors for altered drug exposure and response. This review summarizes the current state of science for considering age and sex-related factors along the drug development pipeline, from cell culture and animal research through all phases of clinical trials in humans. A set of recommendations is provided to improve standards for integrating age and sex into the study design, analysis, and reporting of pre-clinical and clinical assessment of new molecular entities and biologics in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Tannenbaum
- Institute of Gender and Health, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Canada; Medicine and Pharmacy, Université de Montreal, Centre de recherche, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), 4565 Chemin Queen-Mary, Montréal, Québec H3W 1W5, Canada.
| | - Danielle Day
- Fractyl Laboratories, 17 Hartwell Ave, Lexington, MA 02421, USA
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Pomatto LC, Wong S, Carney C, Shen B, Tower J, Davies KJA. The age- and sex-specific decline of the 20s proteasome and the Nrf2/CncC signal transduction pathway in adaption and resistance to oxidative stress in Drosophila melanogaster. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 9:1153-1185. [PMID: 28373600 PMCID: PMC5425120 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hallmarks of aging include loss of protein homeostasis and dysregulation of stress-adaptive pathways. Loss of adaptive homeostasis, increases accumulation of DNA, protein, and lipid damage. During acute stress, the Cnc-C (Drosophila Nrf2 orthologue) transcriptionally-regulated 20S proteasome degrades damaged proteins in an ATP-independent manner. Exposure to very low, non-toxic, signaling concentrations of the redox-signaling agent hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) cause adaptive increases in the de novo expression and proteolytic activity/capacity of the 20S proteasome in female D. melanogaster (fruit-flies). Female 20S proteasome induction was accompanied by increased tolerance to a subsequent normally toxic but sub-lethal amount of H2O2, and blocking adaptive increases in proteasome expression also prevented full adaptation. We find, however, that this adaptive response is both sex- and age-dependent. Both increased proteasome expression and activity, and increased oxidative-stress resistance, in female flies, were lost with age. In contrast, male flies exhibited no H2O2 adaptation, irrespective of age. Furthermore, aging caused a generalized increase in basal 20S proteasome expression, but proteolytic activity and adaptation were both compromised. Finally, continual knockdown of Keep1 (the cytosolic inhibitor of Cnc-C) in adults resulted in older flies with greater stress resistance than their age-matched controls, but who still exhibited an age-associated loss of adaptive homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C.D. Pomatto
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Sarah Wong
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Caroline Carney
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Brenda Shen
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - John Tower
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Molecular and Computational Biology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Kelvin J. A. Davies
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Molecular and Computational Biology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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Does gender inequity increase men's mortality risk in the United States? A multilevel analysis of data from the National Longitudinal Mortality Study. SSM Popul Health 2017; 3:358-365. [PMID: 29349229 PMCID: PMC5769061 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of theoretical approaches suggest that gender inequity may give rise to health risks for men. This study undertook a multilevel analysis to ascertain if state-level measures of gender inequity are predictors of men's mortality in the United States. Data for the analysis were taken primarily from the National Longitudinal Mortality Study, which is based on a random sample of the non-institutionalised population. The full data set included 174,703 individuals nested within 50 states and had a six-year follow-up for mortality. Gender inequity was measured by nine variables: higher education, reproductive rights, abortion provider access, elected office, management, business ownership, labour force participation, earnings and relative poverty. Covariates at the individual level were age, income, education, race/ethnicity, marital status and employment status. Covariates at the state level were income inequality and per capita gross domestic product. The results of logistic multilevel modelling showed a number of measures of state-level gender inequity were significantly associated with men's mortality. In all of these cases greater gender inequity was associated with an increased mortality risk. In fully adjusted models for all-age adult men the elected office (OR 1.05 95% CI 1.01–1.09), business ownership (OR 1.04 95% CI 1.01–1.08), earnings (OR 1.04 95% CI 1.01–1.08) and relative poverty (OR 1.07 95% CI 1.03–1.10) measures all showed statistically significant effects for each 1 standard deviation increase in the gender inequity z-score. Similar effects were seen for working-age men. In older men (65+ years) only the earnings and relative poverty measures were statistically significant. This study provides evidence that gender inequity may increase men's health risks. The effect sizes while small are large enough across the range of gender inequity identified to have important population health implications. Theoretical approaches link gender inequity to increased health risks for men. Multilevel analysis allows investigation of a contextual effect of gender inequity. The study modelled the effect of state-level gender inequity on men's mortality. Aspects of gender inequity predicted an increased mortality risk for men.
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Boettcher C, Hartmann MF, Zimmer KP, Wudy SA. High Glucocorticoid Response to 24-h-Shift Stressors in Male but Not in Female Physicians. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:171. [PMID: 28769874 PMCID: PMC5513946 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Physicians' daily work is accompanied by emotional and physical stress, and 24-h shifts are considered to be a major stressor. Effects of stressors on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis can be evaluated by estimating the glucocorticoid excretion in urine samples. We characterized the impact of a 24-h working period on the urinary glucocorticoid excretion of physicians and focused on gender differences. 10 females and 12 male physicians collected 24-h urine samples during a 24-h shift ("on-duty") and on a free weekend ("off-duty") that were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Urinary glucocorticoid excretion rates (GERs) were assessed by addition of the 24-h excretion rates per square meter body surface area for the seven major urinary cortisol and cortisone metabolites. Women showed generally lower glucorticoid excretion rates compared to men. Only male physicians had increased GERs on duty compared to off duty. As a measure of change between being on duty and off duty, the ratio GERs on duty/GERs off duty was significantly higher in males than in females. Thus, the 24-h shift stress factor generates diverging results between female and male subjects with activation of the HPA axis primarily in male physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Boettcher
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Centre of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Claudia Boettcher,
| | - Michaela F. Hartmann
- Steroid Research and Mass Spectrometry Unit, Centre of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Zimmer
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Centre of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefan A. Wudy
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Centre of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Steroid Research and Mass Spectrometry Unit, Centre of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Sex Differences in the Relationship between Depressive Symptoms and Risk of Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2017; 25:13-22. [PMID: 27986237 PMCID: PMC5215465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2016.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationship between depressive symptoms and subsequent cognitive impairment in older adults is controversial. Sex differences and the differences in the method of categorizing depressive symptoms may contribute to the inconsistencies. The authors examined the effect of severity of baseline depressive symptoms on risk of incident amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) separately in men and women. METHODS Community-dwelling and cognitively healthy older adults (aged ≥ 70 years) from the Einstein Aging Study completed the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) at their baseline visit. Participants were categorized into "no/low symptoms" (GDS-15 score = 0-2), "mild symptoms" (GDS-15 score = 3-5), and "moderate/severe symptoms" (GDS-15 score > 6) groups. Sex-stratified Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for age, education, and antidepressant medication, estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident aMCI as a function of depressive symptoms group. RESULTS We followed 572 women (mean age: 78) and 345 men (mean age: 77) for 4.2 years on average (range: 1.0-14.6 years). Ninety women and 64 men developed aMCI during follow-up. Cox models revealed that compared with no/low depressive symptoms, mild symptoms were associated with a two times greater risk of developing aMCI in men (HR: 2.22; 95% CI: 1.26-3.89) but not in women (HR: 1.26; 95% CI: 0.77-2.06). Conversely, moderate/severe depressive symptoms were associated with a two times greater risk of developing aMCI in women (HR: 1.99; 95% CI: 1.05-3.77) but not in men (HR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.04-2.11), possibly because of low statistical power in this subgroup. CONCLUSION Results indicate that mild depressive symptoms in men and moderate/severe symptoms in women may represent a marker for future cognitive impairment.
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Ali I, Högberg J, Hsieh JH, Auerbach S, Korhonen A, Stenius U, Silins I. Gender differences in cancer susceptibility: role of oxidative stress. Carcinogenesis 2016; 37:985-992. [PMID: 27481070 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgw076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and environmental factors, including chemicals, have been suggested as major etiological incitements. Cancer statistics indicates that men get more cancer than women. However, differences in the known risk factors including life style or occupational exposure only offer partial explanation. Using a text mining tool, we have investigated the scientific literature concerning male- and female-specific rat carcinogens that induced tumors only in one gender in NTP 2-year cancer bioassay. Our evaluation shows that oxidative stress, although frequently reported for both male- and female-specific rat carcinogens, was mentioned significantly more in literature concerning male-specific rat carcinogens. Literature analysis of testosterone and estradiol showed the same pattern. Tox21 high-throughput assay results, although showing only weak association of oxidative stress-related processes for male- and female-specific rat carcinogens, provide additional support. We also analyzed the literature concerning 26 established human carcinogens (IARC group 1). Oxidative stress was more frequently reported for the majority of these carcinogens, and the Tox21 data resembled that of male-specific rat carcinogens. Thus, our data, based on about 600000 scientific abstracts and Tox21 screening assays, suggest a link between male-specific carcinogens, testosterone and oxidative stress. This implies that a different cellular response to oxidative stress in men and women may be a critical factor in explaining the greater cancer susceptibility observed in men. Although the IARC carcinogens are classified as human carcinogens, their classification largely based on epidemiological evidence from male cohorts, which raises the question whether carcinogen classifications should be gender specific.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jui-Hua Hsieh
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA and
| | - Scott Auerbach
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA and
| | - Anna Korhonen
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 9DA, UK
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Unterweger CM, Knechtle B, Nikolaidis PT, Rosemann T, Rüst CA. Increased participation and improved performance in age group backstroke master swimmers from 25-29 to 100-104 years at the FINA World Masters Championships from 1986 to 2014. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:645. [PMID: 27330911 PMCID: PMC4870475 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2209-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Participation and performance trends in age group athletes have been investigated for different sport disciplines, but not for master swimmers. The knowledge on this topic is still missing for a particular stroke such as backstroke. Changes in participation and performance of male and female age group backstroke swimmers (≥25 years) competing in 50, 100 and 200 m pool swimming at the FINA World Masters Championships held between 1986 and 2014 were investigated using mixed-effects regression analyses. The overall participation was n = 26,217 including n = 13,708 women and n = 12,509 men. In 50 m, female (age groups 85–89 years; p = 0.002) and male participation (age groups 55–59; p = 0.030 and 80–84 years; p = 0.002) increased, while female participation decreased in age groups 55–59 (p = 0.010) and 60–64 years (p = 0.050). In 100 and 200 m, participation increased in age groups 45–49, 50–54, 65–69, 70–74, 80–84 years. Swimmers in age groups 25–29 to 95–99 years improved performance over all distances. Women were slower than men in age groups 25–29 to 80–84 years, but not in age groups 85–89 to 95–99 years over all distances. In 50 m and 100 m, the sex difference decreased in age groups 40–44 (p = 0.007 and p = 0.005), 45–49 (p = 0.017 and p = 0.034), 50–54 (p = 0.002 and p = 0.040), to 55–59 years (p = 0.002 and p = 0.004). In 200 m, the sex difference decreased in age groups 40–44 (p = 0.044) and 90–94 (p = 0.011), but increased in age group 25–29 years (p = 0.006). In summary, in age group backstroke swimmers, (1) participation increased or remained unchanged (except women in age groups 55–59 and 60–64 years in 50 m), (2) swimming performance improved in all age groups from 25–29 to 95–99 years over all distances, (3) men were faster than women in age groups 25–29 to 80–84 years (except age groups 85–89 to 95–99 years) over time and all distances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ; Facharzt FMH für Allgemeinmedizin, Gesundheitszentrum St. Gallen, Vadianstrasse 26, 9001 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Pantelis T Nikolaidis
- Department of Physical and Cultural Education, Hellenica Army Academy, Athens, Greece
| | - Thomas Rosemann
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph A Rüst
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Abstract
In this review, we highlight promising new discoveries that may generate useful and clinically relevant insights into the mechanisms that link exercise with growth during critical periods of development. Growth in childhood and adolescence is unique among mammals and is a dynamic process regulated by an evolution of hormonal and inflammatory mediators, age-dependent progression of gene expression, and environmentally modulated epigenetic mechanisms. Many of these same processes likely affect molecular transducers of physical activity. How the molecular signaling associated with growth is synchronized with signaling associated with exercise is poorly understood. Recent advances in "omics"-namely genomics and epigenetics, metabolomics, and proteomics-now provide exciting approaches and tools that can be used for the first time to address this gap. A biologic definition of "healthy" exercise that links the metabolic transducers of physical activity with parallel processes that regulate growth will transform health policy and guidelines that promote optimal use of physical activity.
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