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Raza ML, Imam MH, Zehra W, Jamil S. Neuro-inflammatory pathways in COVID-19-induced central nervous system injury: Implications for prevention and treatment strategies. Exp Neurol 2024; 382:114984. [PMID: 39368535 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 09/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024]
Abstract
This review explores the neuroinflammatory pathways underlying COVID-19-induced central nervous system (CNS) injury, with a focus on mechanisms of brain damage and strategies for prevention. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to summarize current knowledge on the pathways by which SARS-CoV-2 reaches the brain, the neuroinflammatory responses triggered by viral infection, neurological symptoms and long COVID. Results: We discuss the mechanisms of neuroinflammation in COVID-19, including blood-brain barrier disruption, cytokine storm, microglial activation, and peripheral immune cell infiltration. Additionally, we highlight potential strategies for preventing CNS injury, including pharmacological interventions, immunomodulatory therapies, and lifestyle modifications. Conclusively, Understanding the neuroinflammatory pathways in COVID-19-induced CNS injury is crucial for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies to protect brain health during and after viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Liaquat Raza
- Department of Infection Prevention & Control, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | | | - Subia Jamil
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinnah University for Women, University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Myers J, Kokkinos P, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Liappis A, Lavie CJ, Goraya NK, Weintrob A, Pittaras A, Ladas A, Heimall M, Faselis C. Impact of Cardiorespiratory Fitness on COVID-19-Related Outcomes: The Exercise Testing and Health Outcomes Study (ETHOS). Mayo Clin Proc 2024:S0025-6196(24)00347-1. [PMID: 39243247 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2024.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and COVID-19-related health outcomes including mortality, hospitalization, and mechanical ventilation. PATIENTS AND METHODS In a retrospective analysis of 750,302 patients included in the Exercise Testing and Health Outcomes Study, we identified 23,140 who had a positive result on COVID-19 testing between March 2020 and September 2021 and underwent a maximal exercise test in the Veterans Affairs Health Care System between October 1, 1999 to September 3, 2020. The association between CRF and risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes, including mortality, hospitalization due to COVID-19, and need for intubation was assessed after adjustment for 15 covariates. Patients were stratified into 5 age-specific CRF categories (Least-Fit, Low-Fit, Moderate-Fit, Fit, and High-Fit), based on peak metabolic equivalents achieved. RESULTS During a median of follow-up of 100 days, 1643 of the 23,140 patients (7.1%) died, 4995 (21.6%) were hospitalized, and 927 (4.0%) required intubation for COVID-19-related reasons. When compared with the Least-Fit patients (referent), the Low-Fit, Moderate-Fit, Fit, and High-Fit patients had hazard ratios for mortality of 0.82 (95% CI, 0.72 to 0.93), 0.73 (95% CI, 0.63 to 0.86), 0.61 (95% CI, 0.53 to 0.72), and 0.54 (95% CI, 0.45 to 0.65), respectively. Patients who were more fit also had substantially lower need for hospital admissions and intubation. Similar patterns were observed for elderly patients and subgroups with comorbidities including hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease; for each of these conditions, those in the High-Fit category had mortality rates that were roughly half those in the Low-Fit category. CONCLUSION Among patients positive for COVID-19, higher CRF had a favorable impact on survival, need for hospitalization, and need for intubation regardless of age, body mass index, or the presence of comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Myers
- Cardiology Division, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA; Cardiology Division, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.
| | - Peter Kokkinos
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC; Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez
- Cardiology Division, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA; Cardiology Division, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Angelike Liappis
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC; School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Carl J Lavie
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School, University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Alexandros Ladas
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC; John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School, University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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Wang B, Lu J. Life Chances, Subjective Perceptions, and Healthy Lifestyles in Older Adults: Longitudinal Evidence From China. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2024; 79:gbae102. [PMID: 38832820 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbae102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous studies and theories show that healthy lifestyles are affected by life chances and subjective perceptions. However, it remains unclear how older adults change between different lifestyle profiles as they age. We proposed the healthy lifestyle duality framework and tested it among older Chinese adults using a longitudinal design. METHODS Data were obtained from 4 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Surveys conducted between 2008 and 2018 (N = 31,445). Latent transition analysis and hierarchical multinomial growth curve models were performed to investigate healthy lifestyle profiles and their associations with life chances and subjective perceptions over time. RESULTS Four distinct healthy lifestyle profiles were identified: healthy, risky, low-standard, and mixed groups, and their changes show path dependency. Across 10 years, the proportion of the healthy group ranged from 11.16% to 16.97%. Both life chances and subjective perceptions were longitudinally associated with healthy lifestyles, with age and cohort effects observed. DISCUSSION Our findings support the healthy lifestyle duality framework and reveal that life chances and subjective perceptions influence lifestyle changes over time. Public health policies and health intervention programs should adapt to the specific needs of different age groups and generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Sociology, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Ageing-Responsive Civilization Think Tank, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiehua Lu
- Department of Sociology, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Myers J, Jones AW. Editorial: The relationship of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness with acute COVID-19 infection and post COVID-19 conditions. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1444947. [PMID: 39104457 PMCID: PMC11298434 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1444947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. Myers
- Division of Cardiology Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Department of Cardiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - A. W. Jones
- Respiratory Research@Alfred, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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5
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Zarepoor M, Nazari A, Pourmasumi S. Impact of vitamin D supplementation as COVID-19 vaccine adjuvant on sperm parameters and sex hormones in men with idiopathic infertility: Two separate pre-post studies. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2024; 51:125-134. [PMID: 38263587 PMCID: PMC11140254 DOI: 10.5653/cerm.2023.06464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vitamin D deficiency is a major problem for human health worldwide. The mechanisms of vitamin D in the male reproductive system are unknown. After coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines were developed, doubts were raised about their possible effects on male fertility. Based on vitamin D's function in the immune system, its potential role as an adjuvant for COVID-19 vaccines is intriguing. The aims of this study were to assess the effects of vitamin D first on sperm parameters and sex hormones, and then as an immune adjuvant on sperm parameters and sex hormones after study participants had received their second doses of COVID-19 vaccines. METHODS Phase 1 (before the COVID-19 pandemic) included 72 men with idiopathic infertility, and phase 2 had 64 participants who received two doses of COVID-19 vaccines. Both groups were instructed to take 50,000 IU of vitamin D twice monthly for 3 months. Sperm parameters and sex hormones were assessed pre- and post-supplementation. RESULTS Regular vitamin D intake for 3 months significantly increased the participants' vitamin D levels (p=0.0001). Both phases showed a positive correlation between vitamin D intake and sperm parameters. Vaccination had no negative effects on sperm parameters and sex hormones. Vitamin D was associated with follicle-stimulating hormone (p=0.02) and testosterone (p=0.0001) in phase 2 after treatment. CONCLUSION Our results support vitamin D supplementation as an immune adjunct to COVID-19 vaccination for improving sperm parameters and hormone levels. COVID-19 vaccination is not harmful for male fertility potential, and vitamin D is an effective factor for male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Zarepoor
- Clinical Research Development Unit (CRDU), Ali-Ibn Abi-Talib Hospital, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Alireza Nazari
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Soheila Pourmasumi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
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Ransome Y, Martinez-Brockman JL, Galusha D, Thompson TA, Adams OP, Nazario CM, Nunez M, Nunez-Smith M, Maharaj RG. Prevalence and correlates of alcohol use among the elderly in the Eastern Caribbean Health Outcomes Research Network (ECHORN) cohort study. Addict Behav 2024; 153:108001. [PMID: 38447411 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use is pervasive in the Caribbean; however, the prevalence and correlates of alcohol use and drinking problems in the elderly have not been extensively studied. METHODS Data were obtained from the Eastern Caribbean Health Outcomes Research Network (ECHORN) Cohort Study, a cohort study of Caribbean people from Puerto Rico, Barbados, Trinidad, and Tobago, and the U.S. Virgin Islands, collected between 2013 and 2018 (baseline study sample, ages 60+, n = 811). Descriptive statistics were used to compare the differences in drinking status (current vs. former vs. never), alcohol problems (Cut-down, Annoyed, Guilty, and Eye-opener (CAGE) scale score ≥2 vs. <2), and binge drinking days (0 days vs. 1-2 days vs. ≥3 days) across sample characteristics. Logistic regression analyses estimated the association of these alcohol measures with sociodemographic (e.g., sex), psychological (depression), and cultural (e.g., religion) correlates. RESULTS Thirty-six percent were 70 + years of age, 64 % were female, and 41 % had less than a high school education. Alcohol problems (≥2 CAGE score) was 21 %. Binge drinking ≥3 days was 30.6 %. Never attending religious services (vs. attending once a week or more) was associated with almost three times higher odds of alcohol problems (adjusted Odds Ratio: OR = 2.88, 95 % CI = 1.02, 8.15) four times higher odds of increasing binge drinking days (aOR = 4.04, 95 % CI = 1.11, 14.96). College education was protective against both the outcomes. CONCLUSION We provide current estimates of alcohol problems among elderly Eastern Caribbean people. Among the sociodemographic, psychological, and cultural correlates examined, religious attendance was significant. Replicate longitudinal studies using DSM-5 alcohol dependence are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Ransome
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Josefa L Martinez-Brockman
- Equity Research and Innovation Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Deron Galusha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | | | - Oswald P Adams
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Cave Hill BB11000, Barbados.
| | - Cruz M Nazario
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico at Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan 00936, PR, USA.
| | - Maxine Nunez
- School of Nursing, University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, VI 00802, USA.
| | - Marcella Nunez-Smith
- Equity Research and Innovation Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Rohan G Maharaj
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Saint Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
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Zafar M, Zaidi TH, Zaidi NH, Nisar Ahmed MW, Shah M, Habiba UE, Dar MS, Ain NU, Shahid F, Meer HH. Assessment of lifestyle changes in combating the COVID-19 pandemic among people of Karachi, Pakistan. Future Sci OA 2024; 10:2340266. [PMID: 38841183 PMCID: PMC11152586 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2023-0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: COVID-19 arose as a pandemic that wreaked havoc all over the world. Study determines lifestyle changes adopted by people of Karachi in response to COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This was the cross-sectional study and carried out at public sector hospital and 218 participants were selected through random sampling method. Results: Lifestyle changes a statistically significant difference in nutrition (p = 0.000), physical activity (p = 0.000), workout (p = 0.000), smoking (p = 0.000), sleep hours (p = 0.000), and supplements (p = 0.000) before and during lockdown. Face masks were utilized by 38% of individuals, gloves by 19%, and social isolation was observed by 26%. 11% of participants did not follow any protocols. Conclusion: Study found significant differences in lifestyle habits such as diet, sleep, smoking and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubashir Zafar
- Department of Family and Community Medcine, College of Medcine, University of Hail, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Tafazzul Hyder Zaidi
- Community Medicine Department, Sindh Medical College, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Pakistan
| | - Nadira Hyder Zaidi
- Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science & Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Mahjabeen Shah
- Community Medicine Department, Sindh Medical College, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Pakistan
| | - Umm e Habiba
- Community Medicine Department, Sindh Medical College, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Pakistan
| | - Marrium Sultan Dar
- Community Medicine Department, Sindh Medical College, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Pakistan
| | - Noor ul Ain
- Community Medicine Department, Sindh Medical College, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Shahid
- Community Medicine Department, Sindh Medical College, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Pakistan
| | - Hiba Hamid Meer
- Community Medicine Department, Sindh Medical College, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Pakistan
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Shibuya F, Hattori-Uchima M, Dacanay P, Peter F, Ngirmang TT, Dacanay R, Takeuchi R, de Los Reyes C, Kobayashi J. Multi-country case study on school health policy and its implementation in relation to COVID-19 control in Micronesia Small Islands Developing States. Trop Med Health 2024; 52:27. [PMID: 38553741 PMCID: PMC10979614 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-024-00590-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic caused school closures and rises in mental illness and non-communicable disease among school children worldwide. The Pacific Small Islands Developing States (SIDS) were also affected, but school health activities, which can effectively reduce negative effects of COVID-19, were not widely implemented compared to other Asia-Pacific countries. This study examined current school health implementation and related policies at national, local, and school levels in the Micronesia SIDS according to phases of COVID-19 control. METHODS Multi-country case study targeted the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI), and Republic of Palau (ROP). These studies focused on school health implementation periods according to the PPR (Prevention, Preparedness, and Response) concept: Phase #1: prevention/preparedness, #2: early phase response, and #3: chronic phase response/recovery phase. Data were collected through policy document reviews that identified school health policies related to COVID-19 controls in the three phases and key informant interviews (KIIs) with 44 key informants (FSM, n = 14; RMI, n = 18; ROP, n = 12) whose work related to school health. The collected data were analyzed using content analysis methods according to the conceptual framework in this study. RESULTS This study identified three factors of school health implementation related to COVID-19 controls: promotion of decentralized education (FSM), implementation of COVID-19 controls in the school community (RMI), and disaster management for the protection of students including response to infectious disease (ROP). In Phase #1, no country had established a school health policy. In Phase #2, three enablers were identified in FSM and ROP, as reflected in COVID-19 controls by the education and health sectors. In Phase #3, RMI implemented COVID-19 controls in the school community. Documents on youth policy and disaster management in ROP were updated to reflect the chronic phase response and response to future public health crises. CONCLUSIONS A decentralized education was instrumental in immediately implementing COVID-19 control measures in schools at national and local levels for coordination between education and health sectors. Despite each county's multi-sectoral approach to engage COVID-19 controls in schools, local government organization requires strengthening and implementation of the formulated school health policy. In preparation for the next public health crisis, school health should be promoted that is integrated into both infection control and disaster management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiko Shibuya
- Department of Global Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan.
- Japanese Consortium for Global School Health Research, Nishihara, Japan.
| | | | - Paul Dacanay
- Division of Health Sciences, College of Micronesia-FSM, Palikir, Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia
| | - Florence Peter
- Women United Together Marshall Islands, Majuro, Marshall Islands
| | | | - Rudelyn Dacanay
- Division of Health Sciences, College of Micronesia-FSM, Palikir, Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia
| | - Rie Takeuchi
- Department of Global Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
- Japanese Consortium for Global School Health Research, Nishihara, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
| | - Calvin de Los Reyes
- Department of Global Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Jun Kobayashi
- Department of Global Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
- Japanese Consortium for Global School Health Research, Nishihara, Japan
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Song I, Yang J, Saito M, Hartanto T, Nakayama Y, Ichinohe T, Fukuda S. Prebiotic inulin ameliorates SARS-CoV-2 infection in hamsters by modulating the gut microbiome. NPJ Sci Food 2024; 8:18. [PMID: 38485724 PMCID: PMC10940623 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-024-00248-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Current treatment options for COVID-19 are limited, with many antivirals and immunomodulators restricted to the most severe cases and preventative care limited to vaccination. As the SARS-CoV-2 virus and its increasing variants threaten to become a permanent fixture of our lives, this new reality necessitates the development of cost-effective and accessible treatment options for COVID-19. Studies have shown that there are correlations between the gut microbiome and severity of COVID-19, especially with regards to production of physiologically beneficial short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) by gut microbes. In this study, we used a Syrian hamster model to study how dietary consumption of the prebiotic inulin affected morbidity and mortality resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection. After two weeks of observation, we discovered that inulin supplementation attenuated morbid weight loss and increased survival rate in hamster subjects. An analysis of microbiome community structure showed significant alterations in 15 genera. Notably, there were also small increases in fecal DCA and a significant increase in serum DCA, perhaps highlighting a role for this secondary bile acid in conferring protection against SARS-CoV-2. In light of these results, inulin and other prebiotics are promising targets for future investigation as preventative treatment options for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaiah Song
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Jiayue Yang
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Misa Saito
- Metagen, Inc., Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | | | | | - Takeshi Ichinohe
- Division of Viral Infection, Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Fukuda
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan.
- Metagen, Inc., Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan.
- Gut Environmental Design Group, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
- Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
- Laboratory for Regenerative Microbiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Uslu İ, Alp O, Karahalil B. Monitoring of Essential and Toxic Elements in Multivitamin/Mineral Effervescent Tablet Supplements and Safety Assessment. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04138-z. [PMID: 38460061 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04138-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Multivitamin/mineral (MVM) supplements are the most commonly utilized dietary supplements by many populations. However, there is a severe concern about their adverse effects due to elemental impurities. In the present study, it was aimed to determine the levels of 11 elemental impurities (Cd, Pb, As, Hg, Co, V, Ni, Se, Mo, Cu, and Cr) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and evaluate the human health risk associated with the consumption of 33 MVM effervescent tablet supplements available in Turkey. The precision of the method in terms of relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 4.6%. The accuracy of the method was tested with recovery experiments, and the results ranged between 86 and 107%. The impurity levels for Cd, Pb, As, Co, V, Ni, Se, Mo, Cu, and Cr were found between 0.011-0.050, 0.025-0.098, 0.018-0.056, 0.010-0.626, 0.027-0.290, 0.026-1.65, 1.92-21.83, 0.034-34.09, 0.140-183.9, and 0.033-13.10 µg/g, respectively, and Hg was not detected in any sample. The calculated concentrations for elemental impurities complied with EMA and USP guidelines, except one supplement for Se (21.83 µg/g) with a permitted limit of 15 µg/g. The hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) levels were below 1 for all samples within the ranges of 3.4 × 10-1-1.4 × 10-6 for HQ and 7.8 × 10-1-1.4 × 10-6 for HI indicating that there is no risk for consumption. The carcinogenic risk (CR) of As was between 1.7 × 10-6 and 5.9 × 10-6, below the threshold value of 1 × 10-4. The results showed that there is no risk to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- İrem Uslu
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, 06330, Turkey.
| | - Orkun Alp
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, 06330, Turkey
| | - Bensu Karahalil
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, 06330, Turkey
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, N. Cyprus, Mersin 10, 99628, Famagusta, Turkey
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Grestyák Molnárné AK, Nagy M, Barabás Á, Nagy AC, Takács P, Sántha Á, Konečná M, Sedlák V, Babejová A, Mydlárová Blaščáková M, Poráčová J, Erdei Jávorné R. Self-rated health status and hygienic behaviour of pregnant women in Hungary during the pandemic. Cent Eur J Public Health 2023; 31:S40-S47. [PMID: 38272477 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a7897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of our research was to investigate the self-rated health status, health behaviour and hygiene habits of pregnant women, and to explore the influencing factors during the pandemic. METHODS The sample included 1,200 pregnant women who gave birth in the most progressive institutions of the three examined counties in Hungary; 839 questionnaires were returned, based on which the willingness to answer can be said to be 69.9%. After data cleaning, 640 questionnaires were added to the database. Descriptive statistical analyses and correlation tests were performed, during which we used the Pearson's chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS Socio-demographic factors show a significant correlation with the perceived state of health and the degree of responsibility for health, however, the existence of a chronic disease does not affect either the self-assessed state of health or hygienic behaviour. Factors influencing hygienic behaviour include residence, education, assessed income, and gestational age. We found no correlation between health status and hygienic attitude. CONCLUSIONS Our results draw attention to the fact that among pregnant women - especially pregnant women with low socioeconomic status - education about hygiene habits is of particular importance. Teamwork is needed in this area, which should start during the period of preparation for pregnancy, but at the latest in the early stages of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melinda Nagy
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, J. Selye University, Komarno, Slovak Republic
| | - Ágota Barabás
- Department of Health Methodology and Prevention, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Nyiregyhaza, Hungary
| | - Attila Csaba Nagy
- Department of Health Informatics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Takács
- Department of Health Informatics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Sántha
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, Faculty of Technical and Human Sciences, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Mária Konečná
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Presov, Presov, Slovak Republic
| | - Vincent Sedlák
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Presov, Presov, Slovak Republic
| | - Andrea Babejová
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Presov, Presov, Slovak Republic
| | - Marta Mydlárová Blaščáková
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Presov, Presov, Slovak Republic
| | - Janka Poráčová
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, University of Presov, Presov, Slovak Republic
| | - Renáta Erdei Jávorné
- Department of Health Methodology and Prevention, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Nyiregyhaza, Hungary
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12
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Khadzhieva MB, Kolobkov DS, Kashatnikova DA, Gracheva AS, Redkin IV, Kuzovlev AN, Salnikova LE. Rare Variants in Primary Immunodeficiency Genes and Their Functional Partners in Severe COVID-19. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1380. [PMID: 37759780 PMCID: PMC10526997 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of severe COVID-19, which is a complex multisystem disease, is thought to be associated with many genes whose action is modulated by numerous environmental and genetic factors. In this study, we focused on the ideas of the omnigenic model of heritability of complex traits, which assumes that a small number of core genes and a large pool of peripheral genes expressed in disease-relevant tissues contribute to the genetics of complex traits through interconnected networks. We hypothesized that primary immunodeficiency disease (PID) genes may be considered as core genes in severe COVID-19, and their functional partners (FPs) from protein-protein interaction networks may be considered as peripheral near-core genes. We used whole-exome sequencing data from patients aged ≤ 45 years with severe (n = 9) and non-severe COVID-19 (n = 11), and assessed the cumulative contribution of rare high-impact variants to disease severity. In patients with severe COVID-19, an excess of rare high-impact variants was observed at the whole-exome level, but maximal association signals were detected for PID + FP gene subsets among the genes intolerant to LoF variants, haploinsufficient and essential. Our exploratory study may serve as a model for new directions in the research of host genetics in severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam B. Khadzhieva
- The Laboratory of Clinical Pathophysiology of Critical Conditions, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 107031 Moscow, Russia; (M.B.K.); (A.S.G.); (A.N.K.)
- The Laboratory of Ecological Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.S.K.); (D.A.K.)
- The Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry S. Kolobkov
- The Laboratory of Ecological Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.S.K.); (D.A.K.)
| | - Darya A. Kashatnikova
- The Laboratory of Ecological Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.S.K.); (D.A.K.)
| | - Alesya S. Gracheva
- The Laboratory of Clinical Pathophysiology of Critical Conditions, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 107031 Moscow, Russia; (M.B.K.); (A.S.G.); (A.N.K.)
- The Department of Population Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan V. Redkin
- Competence Center for the Development of AI Technology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 107031 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Artem N. Kuzovlev
- The Laboratory of Clinical Pathophysiology of Critical Conditions, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 107031 Moscow, Russia; (M.B.K.); (A.S.G.); (A.N.K.)
| | - Lyubov E. Salnikova
- The Laboratory of Clinical Pathophysiology of Critical Conditions, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 107031 Moscow, Russia; (M.B.K.); (A.S.G.); (A.N.K.)
- The Laboratory of Ecological Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.S.K.); (D.A.K.)
- The Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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13
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Cooper K, Clarke M, Clayton JB. Informatics for your Gut: at the Interface of Nutrition, the Microbiome, and Technology. Yearb Med Inform 2023; 32:89-98. [PMID: 37414029 PMCID: PMC10751132 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1768723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant portion of individuals in the United States and worldwide experience diseases related to or driven by diet. As research surrounding user-centered design and the microbiome grows, movement of the spectrum of translational science from bench to bedside for improvement of human health through nutrition becomes more accessible. In this literature survey, we examined recent literature examining informatics research at the interface of nutrition and the microbiome. OBJECTIVES The objective of this survey was to synthesize recent literature describing how technology is being applied to understand health at the interface of nutrition and the microbiome focusing on the perspective of the consumer. METHODS A survey of the literature published between January 1, 2021 and October 10, 2022 was performed using the PubMed database and resulting literature was evaluated against inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS A total of 139 papers were retrieved and evaluated against inclusion and exclusion criteria. After evaluation, 45 papers were reviewed in depth revealing four major themes: (1) microbiome and diet, (2) usability,(3) reproducibility and rigor, and (4) precision medicine and precision nutrition. CONCLUSIONS A review of the relationships between current literature on technology, nutrition and the microbiome, and self-management of dietary patterns was performed. Major themes that emerged from this survey revealed exciting new horizons for consumer management of diet and disease, as well as progress towards elucidating the relationship between diet, the microbiome, and health outcomes. The survey revealed continuing interest in the study of diet-related disease and the microbiome and acknowledgement of needs for data re-use, sharing, and unbiased and rigorous measurement of the microbiome. The literature also showed trends toward enhancing the usability of digital interventions to support consumer health and home management, and consensus building around how precision medicine and precision nutrition may be applied in the future to improve human health outcomes and prevent diet-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Cooper
- School of Interdisciplinary Informatics, College of Information Science and Technology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Martina Clarke
- School of Interdisciplinary Informatics, College of Information Science and Technology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jonathan B. Clayton
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
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14
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Wang X, Deng W, Zhao J, Guo Y, Lai H, Hu Y, Kang W, Li Y, Zuo J. Improving Nutritional Status Was Associated with Decreasing Disease Severity and Shortening of Negative Conversion Time of PCR Test in Non-ICU Patients with COVID-19. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:4443-4452. [PMID: 37435236 PMCID: PMC10332416 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s409615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nutrition is an important prevention in old patients with COVID-19. However, in China, there are few studies on the correlation between nutrition and COVID-19. Methods A total of 148 hospitalized COVID-19 (65.7 ± 16.0 [range: from 21 to 101] years old) patients were enrolled in this study. The information of demographic, biochemical results, vaccination doses, types of COVID-19, PCR test negative conversion time, and scores of Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF) for evaluating nutritional status were recorded. We first explored the relationships between MNA-SF performance and the severities of COVID-19 in the groups with non-vaccinated, vaccinated, and all the patients using multivariable ordinal logistic regression. Further, we explored the relationships between performance of MNA-SF and the time of negative conversion of PCR in the groups with non-vaccinated, vaccinated, and all the patients using COX proportional hazards survival regression. Results Group of patients with malnutrition or at risk of malnutrition group was associated with older of the age, those who had not been vaccinated, in fewer people who were asymptomatic type and in more people who showed longer of the negative conversion time of PCR, lower of the BMI, and the lower of the hemoglobin level. Each additional increase of one point of MNA-SF was associated with a 17% decrease in the odds of a worse type of COVID-19 in all patients, and the significant result exists in non-vaccinated patients. One point increase of MNA-SF was associated with increased 11% of hazard ratios of turning negative of PCR and well-nourished group was associated with increased 46% of hazard ratio of turning negative of PCR. Conclusion Higher nutrition is associated with less severity of COVID-19, especially in the non-vaccinated group. Higher nutrition is also associated with shorter time of turning negative of PCR in non-ICU COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Wang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiping Deng
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiehui Zhao
- Department of General Practice, Daning Community Health Service Center, Shanghai, 200072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongchao Guo
- Department of Nutrition, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haifang Lai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yueliang Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenyan Kang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junli Zuo
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Kim DH, Park J, Yoon C, Hyung S, Lee M. A Cable-Driven Portable Fitness Chair with Programmable Resistance for Effective Muscle Training. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2023; 2023:1-6. [PMID: 38082749 DOI: 10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the lifestyle of society and the interest in health and fitness has greatly increased, accordingly. Recently, motorized devices that allow fine and automatic adjustment of resistance without physically changing the applied weight have been released to the market. In fact, these devices have eased the resistance-changing process. However, such devices are still not portable as they must be mounted on the wall and their resistance control needs to be improved to increase the efficiency of strength training. This study introduces a portable chair-shaped fitness device that allows inducing various resistance profiles. A compact, light, and robust cable-driven actuation module design was achieved by implementing a derailing prevention mechanism. The actuator covers resistance up to 120 N for each left and right arm separately. Exercise can be conducted by pulling the elastic handle connected to cable. The controller of the proposed device allows variation of resistance according to the joint range-of-motion (ROM) to make the workout more challenging but still safe through the full ROM. Viscous resistance, ascending resistance, and descending resistance profile can be provided. The experimental results shows that various muscle activation patterns can be provided by changing the resistance profile, which is important for effective training. The device can be used anywhere, at home or office, to perform various upper and lower body exercises or for physical self-care.
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16
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Alomari MA, Khabour OF, Alzoubi KH, Maikano AB. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on tobacco use: A population-based study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287375. [PMID: 37352176 PMCID: PMC10289305 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various aspects of lifestyle seem to change during confinement, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The current study examines confinement's effects on tobacco smoking habits (SH). METHODS A survey was distributed among adults living in Jordan (age >18 years) of both genders during April-May of 2020, of which 1925 responded to the survey. RESULTS The prevalence of smoking was 33.3%, 46.1%, and 21.1% for cigarettes (Cg), waterpipe (Wp), and E-cigarettes (ECg), respectively. Among the smokers, 38.5-45.8% reported a "no-change," while 32.1-41.7% reported a "decrease" in SH during confinement. On the other hand, 18.0-22.1% reported an "increase" in the SH. However, concerning the factors that might affect SH, the results showed that age, gender, income, and job sector contribute to the observed changes. CONCLUSIONS Changes in the SH during COVID-19 have been reported in about 50% of participants who smoke tobacco, with a more reported decrease than increase in use. Studies and interventions are needed to confirm further and understand the current results and discourage smoking during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A. Alomari
- Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
- Department of Physical Education, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Omar F. Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Karem H. Alzoubi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Abubakar B. Maikano
- Department of Public Health and Disease Control, Kano State Ministry of Health, Kano, Nigeria
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17
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Lange KW, Nakamura Y, Reissmann A. Sport and physical exercise in sustainable mental health care of common mental disorders: Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2023; 5:151-155. [PMID: 36747887 PMCID: PMC9893807 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The large-scale disruptions to physical activity during the coronavirus pandemic have been found to be a leading predictor of common mental disorders. In addition, regular physical exercise has been found to alleviate anxiety, sadness and depression during the pandemic. These findings, together with numerous studies published before the pandemic on the effects of physical activity on mental health, should be considered in the provision of mental health care following the pandemic. Cross-sectional research has revealed that all types of exercise and sport are associated with a reduced mental health burden. Therefore, the effectiveness of exercise and sport participation in sustainable mental health care as well as the causal relationship between exercise, psychosocial health and common mental disorders merit further investigation. Physical activity and sport, with their global accessibility, significant and clinically meaningful efficacy as well as virtual absence of adverse effects, offer a promising option for the promotion of mental health, including the prevention and treatment of common mental disorders. Physical exercise and sport are likely to become valuable public mental health resources in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus W. Lange
- Faculty of Human Sciences (Psychology, Education and Sport Science), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Yukiko Nakamura
- Faculty of Human Sciences (Psychology, Education and Sport Science), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Andreas Reissmann
- Faculty of Human Sciences (Psychology, Education and Sport Science), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
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18
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Chávez Sosa JV, Gaytan Caycho BM, Chávez Lozano OA, Huancahuire-Vega S. Preventive measures and concern for SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with lifestyle changes in the Peruvian population. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17576. [PMID: 37366525 PMCID: PMC10284720 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The study was conducted to establish the association between knowledge of preventive measures and concern about SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection and lifestyle changes in the Peruvian population during the health emergency. This was an analytical and cross-sectional study, with a voluntary non-probabilistic sample of 1101 Peruvian population over 18 years old, from the three regions of the country (Coast, Highlands, and Jungle) who answered the digital questionnaires between June and July 2021. The questionnaires "Knowledge about preventive measures on COVID-19″, PRE-COVID-19, and "Changes in lifestyles during the pandemic," instruments validated in the Peruvian population, were used to determine the association of the variables, the Chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used, considering changes in lifestyles as the dependent variable. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Of the participants, 57.4% were women, 42.6% were men, with an average age of 30.9 years (SD = 13.14). The descriptive analysis showed that 50.8% of the participants were not worried about SARS-CoV-2 infection, 72.2% knew about preventive measures, and 56.4% stated that they had changed their lifestyles during the pandemic. A significant association was found between educational level (p = 0.000), having a job (p = 0.048), and being worried about SARS-CoV-2 infection (p = 0.001) with lifestyle changes. In the regression analysis, technical/higher education (95% CI = 1.51-2.67) and being worried about SARS-CoV-2 infection (95% CI = 1.71-1.91) were associated with lifestyle changes during the pandemic. The greater the degree of education and concern or fear of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the greater the lifestyle changes.
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19
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Wang D, Shi ZH. Do psychological distress and digital sports influence the willingness to take the vaccine and precautionary saving? Empirical evidence from Shanghai. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GESUNDHEITSWISSENSCHAFTEN = JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 32:1-13. [PMID: 37361311 PMCID: PMC10119833 DOI: 10.1007/s10389-023-01915-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Aim The COVID-19 epidemic has caused risk and uncertainty. This study answers whether and how psychological distress and digital sports influence willingness to take the vaccine and precautionary savings. Subject and methods We conducted a cross-sectional study with an online survey sample of 1016 Shanghai residents who live and work there and are aged between 16-60. All of them experienced the COVID-19 lockdown in Shanghai. We used logistic regressions to examine the relationships between the variables of interest. Results Three findings were demonstrated. First, psychologically distressed individuals are less inclined to take the vaccine. Second, those engaged in fitness activities via digital media platforms are more willing to get vaccinated. Third, psychologically distressed individuals and digital video-based physical exercisers are more likely to precautionary save. Conclusions This study contributes to the literature by documenting how people changed their life from the perspective of finance and health during the lockdown and providing practical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- School of Management, Shanwei Institute of Technology, Shanwei, Guangdong China
| | - Zhong-hua Shi
- School of Education, Shanwei Institute of Technology, Shanwei, Guangdong China
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20
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Matthiessen J, Biltoft-Jensen A, Stockmarr A, Fagt S, Christensen T. Changes in Diet and Physical Activity among 18-65-Year-Olds after the First National COVID-19 Lockdown in Denmark. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061480. [PMID: 36986210 PMCID: PMC10054679 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 lockdowns affected everyday life significantly and made it challenging to achieve or maintain a healthy lifestyle. The aim of the present study was to examine longitudinal changes in Danish adults' eating habits and physical activity (PA) assessed during and after the first national lockdown in 2020. Furthermore, changes in body weight were examined during the first lockdown period. The whole diet (semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire), sociodemographic factors, moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA), leisure screen time, anthropometrics, change in body weight, and stress level were assessed with a self-administered web-based questionnaire among 839 18-65-year-old Danes during and 5-6 months after the lockdown. Both favorable (decreased intake of saturated fat) and unfavorable (decreased intake of whole grain and fish, and increased intake of red meat) changes were found in the diet after the lockdown, while favorable changes in MVPA (increase in couples) and leisure screen time (decrease with a combined effect of family status and education) were found for PA. More Danish adults reported to gain weight (mean 3.0 kg) than to lose weight (mean 3.5 kg) during the first lockdown period (27% vs. 15%). The study showed favorable changes in PA and mixed results regarding diet among Danish adults after the lockdown. Furthermore, the first lockdown period unfavorably impacted the body weight of many Danes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeppe Matthiessen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anja Biltoft-Jensen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anders Stockmarr
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sisse Fagt
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tue Christensen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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21
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Lange KW, Nakamura Y, Lange KM. Sport and exercise as medicine in the prevention and treatment of depression. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1136314. [PMID: 36969961 PMCID: PMC10033769 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1136314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus W. Lange
- Faculty of Human Sciences (Psychology, Education and Sport Science), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Yukiko Nakamura
- Faculty of Human Sciences (Psychology, Education and Sport Science), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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22
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Moin M, Maqsood A, Haider MM, Asghar H, Rizvi KF, Shqaidef A, A. Sharif R, Suleman G, Das G, Alam MK, Ahmed N. The Association of Socioeconomic and Lifestyle Factors with the Oral Health Status in School-Age Children from Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11050756. [PMID: 36900761 PMCID: PMC10001539 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11050756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The data on how lifestyle factors of school-going children affect their oral health are not sufficient; therefore, there is a need to analyze the adverse effects of poor lifestyle habits and the role of mothers' education on oral health. The aim of this study was to analyze the association of socioeconomic and lifestyle factors with the oral health status of school-going children through a structured questionnaire and oral examination. Ninety-five (26.5%) children were from class 1. One hundred eighty-seven (52.1%) mothers were educated while 172 (47.9%) were uneducated. Two hundred seventy-six (76.9%) children had never visited the dentist. The results indicate that dental health behavior is associated with lifestyle factors as well as socio-demographic variables. Parent education and awareness regarding oral health plays a major role in determining the oral health of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Moin
- Department of Community Dentistry, Bahria University Dental College, Karachi 75530, Pakistan
| | - Afsheen Maqsood
- Department of Oral Pathology, Bahria University Dental College, Karachi 75530, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (M.K.A.)
| | - Muhammad Mohsin Haider
- Department of Community Dentistry, Bahria University Dental College, Karachi 75530, Pakistan
| | - Hajra Asghar
- Department of Community Dentistry, Bahria University Dental College, Karachi 75530, Pakistan
| | - Kulsoom Fatima Rizvi
- Department of Community Dentistry, Bahria University Dental College, Karachi 75530, Pakistan
| | - Abedalrahman Shqaidef
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rania A. Sharif
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghazala Suleman
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gotam Das
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Khursheed Alam
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72345, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research (CFTR), Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (M.K.A.)
| | - Naseer Ahmed
- Department of Prosthodontics, Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi 75500, Pakistan
- Prosthodontics unit, School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia
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23
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Ghali H, Ghammem R, Baccouche I, Hamrouni M, Jedidi N, Smaali H, Earbi S, Hajji B, Kastalli A, Khalifa H, Maagli KB, Romdhani R, Halleb H, Jdidi F. Association between lifestyle choices and mental health among medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274525. [PMID: 36206267 PMCID: PMC9543638 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mental health is recognized as a critical component of public health Given the close relationship between mental health and life style and the importance of students as valuable human resources, the present study aimed at determining the relationship between life style and mental health among medical students in Sousse during COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional observational study in university students from the first to the fifth grade of the Faculty of Medicine of Sousse during the academic year 2020/2021. Data were collected anonymously via an online questionnaire published on the Facebook groups of each grade, on december 2020. The online survey consisted of three sections. The first one aimed to collect sociodemographic information. The second section of the survey addressed recent lifestyle choices and the third one assessed psychological distress using the French version of 12 items of The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). The significance level was considered 0.05. RESULTS Overall 147 were studied. Using the bimodal scoring, the total score was between 0 and 12, to evoke psychiatric disorders, we set the threshold of 4. For our sample, the median scale was 7 [4-9], and more than half of the students (68%; n = 100) had a score higher than 4. Psychiatric disorder was significantly more frequent in female students (73.3% vs 42.3%; p = 0.002). Higher GHQ-scale was found in younger students, foreigners, students who need more than 30 minutes to get to the faculty, unemployed students, and students of fifth grade. However, differences were not statistically significant. Regarding lifestyle choices, we found that physical inactivity, no smoking habits, no alcohol use, no illicit substance use, other substance use, changing in eating habits, and absence of coping methods of stress were higher in students with psychiatric disorders. However, this association was statistically significant only for physical activity (p = 0.016). The results of the regression analysis suggest female gender as an independent predictor of high GHQ-12 scores. Practicing physical activity was found as protective factor for psychiatric disorders. CONCLUSION Considering the vital role of medical students in providing and promoting community health, the need for more detailed planning and interventions to improve their life style and mental health is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hela Ghali
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
- Department of Prevention and Security of Care, Sahloul University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
- * E-mail:
| | - Rim Ghammem
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
- Department of Epidemiology, Farhat Hached Hospital, «LR19SP03», Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Imen Baccouche
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Hamrouni
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Nada Jedidi
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Hichem Smaali
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Souha Earbi
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Balkis Hajji
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Amina Kastalli
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Hind Khalifa
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | | | - Rawia Romdhani
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Heni Halleb
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Farouk Jdidi
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
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Marchant E, Lowthian E, Crick T, Griffiths LJ, Fry R, Dadaczynski K, Okan O, James M, Cowley L, Torabi F, Kennedy J, Akbari A, Lyons R, Brophy S. Pre-COVID-19 pandemic health-related behaviours in children (2018-2020) and association with being tested for SARS-CoV-2 and testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 (2020-2021): a retrospective cohort study using survey data linked with routine health data in Wales, UK. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e061344. [PMID: 36691170 PMCID: PMC9453425 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Examine if pre-COVID-19 pandemic (prior March 2020) health-related behaviours during primary school are associated with (1) being tested for SARS-CoV-2 and (2) testing positive between 1 March 2020 and 31 August 2021. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study using an online cohort survey (January 2018 to February 2020) linked with routine PCR SARS-CoV-2 test results. SETTING Children attending primary schools in Wales (2018-2020), UK, who were part of the Health and Attainment of Pupils in a Primary Education Network (HAPPEN)_school network. PARTICIPANTS Complete linked records of eligible participants were obtained for n=7062 individuals. 39.1% (n=2764) were tested (age 10.6±0.9; 48.9% girls) and 8.1% (n=569) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (age 10.6±1.0; 54.5% girls). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Logistic regression of health-related behaviours and demographics were used to determine the ORs of factors associated with (1) being tested for SARS-CoV-2 and (2) testing positive for SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS Consuming sugary snacks (1-2 days/week OR=1.24, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.49; 5-6 days/week OR=1.31, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.61; reference 0 days), can swim 25 m (OR=1.21, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.39) and age (OR=1.25, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.35) were associated with an increased likelihood of being tested for SARS-CoV-2. Eating breakfast (OR=1.52, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.27), weekly physical activity ≥60 min (1-2 days OR=1.69, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.74; 3-4 days OR=1.76, 95% CI 1.10 to 2.82; reference 0 days), out-of-school club participation (OR=1.06, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.10), can ride a bike (OR=1.39, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.93), age (OR=1.16, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.28) and girls (OR=1.21, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.46) were associated with an increased likelihood of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2. Living in least deprived areas (quintile 4 OR=0.64, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.90; quintile 5 OR=0.64, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.89) compared with the most deprived (quintile 1) was associated with a decreased likelihood. CONCLUSIONS Associations may be related to parental health literacy and monitoring behaviours. Physically active behaviours may include coparticipation with others and exposure to SARS-CoV-2. A risk-versus-benefit approach must be considered in relation to promoting these health behaviours, given the importance of health-related behaviours such as childhood physical activity for development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Marchant
- Population Data Science, Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- Department of Education and Childhood Studies, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Emily Lowthian
- Population Data Science, Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- Department of Education and Childhood Studies, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Tom Crick
- Department of Education and Childhood Studies, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Lucy J Griffiths
- Population Data Science, Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Richard Fry
- Population Data Science, Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- National Centre for Population Health and Wellbeing Research, Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Kevin Dadaczynski
- Department of Nursing and Health Science, Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany
- Center for Applied Health Sciences, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Orkan Okan
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
| | - Michaela James
- Population Data Science, Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- National Centre for Population Health and Wellbeing Research, Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Laura Cowley
- Population Data Science, Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Fatemeh Torabi
- Population Data Science, Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Jonathan Kennedy
- Population Data Science, Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- National Centre for Population Health and Wellbeing Research, Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Ashley Akbari
- Population Data Science, Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Ronan Lyons
- Population Data Science, Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Sinead Brophy
- Population Data Science, Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- National Centre for Population Health and Wellbeing Research, Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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Pascut S, Feruglio S, Crescentini C, Matiz A. Predictive Factors of Anxiety, Depression, and Health-Related Quality of Life in Community-Dwelling and Institutionalized Elderly during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191710913. [PMID: 36078630 PMCID: PMC9518057 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 health emergency and restrictive measures have increased psychological problems, particularly anxiety and depression, in the general population. However, little is known about mental health conditions and the possible risk and protective factors of specific population groups, such as institutionalized vs. community-dwelling elderly. We investigated the abovementioned aspects in a sample of 65-89-year-old people during the third wave of COVID-19 in Italy. We employed a sociodemographic survey and four questionnaires on health-related quality of life (SF-36), loneliness (UCLA), spirituality (FACIT-Sp), and anxiety/depression (HADS). Our findings suggest that the physical, psychological, and spiritual well-being of the elderly had not been seriously impaired by the events related to the pandemic, although most of the participants reported a worsening of their social life and a moderate/high fear of COVID-19. In regression analyses, these two latter aspects turned out to be predictors of higher anxiety, while spiritual well-being and the possibility to get out of the house/institution emerged as protective factors against anxiety and for preserving quality of life, respectively. Our findings help refine the picture of the condition of the elderly in the aftermath of the pandemic, giving some hints about how to continue supporting their well-being and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Pascut
- Department of Languages and Literatures, Communication, Education and Society, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- WHO Healthy Cities Project, Municipality of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Susanna Feruglio
- Department of Languages and Literatures, Communication, Education and Society, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiano Crescentini
- Department of Languages and Literatures, Communication, Education and Society, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Institute of Mechanical Intelligence, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessio Matiz
- Department of Languages and Literatures, Communication, Education and Society, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Zolotareva A, Shchebetenko S, Belousova S, Danilova I, Tseilikman V, Lapshin M, Sarapultseva L, Makhniova S, Sarapultseva M, Komelkova M, Hu D, Luo S, Lisovskaya E, Sarapultsev A. Big Five Traits as Predictors of a Healthy Lifestyle during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of a Russian Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10716. [PMID: 36078431 PMCID: PMC9517801 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The healthy lifestyle of people around the world has changed dramatically during the COVID-19 pandemic. The personality risk factors for these processes from around the world remain understudied. This study aimed to examine the associations of the Big Five traits with a healthy lifestyle during the COVID-19 pandemic. In a cross-sectional study, data from 1215 Russian university students were analyzed. Participants completed the Big Five Inventory-10 and Short Multidimensional Inventory Lifestyle Evaluation. The results showed that personality traits predicted many dimensions of a healthy lifestyle during the COVID-19 pandemic. Diet and nutrition were positively predicted by extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness, and it was negatively predicted by neuroticism. Substance abuse was positively predicted by agreeableness and conscientiousness, and it was negatively predicted by extraversion. Physical activity was positively predicted by extraversion and conscientiousness, and it was negatively predicted by neuroticism. Stress management was positively predicted by extraversion and conscientiousness, and it was negatively predicted by neuroticism. Restorative sleep was positively predicted by extraversion and conscientiousness, and it was negatively predicted by neuroticism. Social support for healthy practices was positively predicted by extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Environmental exposures were positively predicted by extraversion, and neuroticism was positively and negatively predicted by conscientiousness. Our findings may be useful for further exploration of personality risk factors for healthy practices in challenging life circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Zolotareva
- School of Psychology, HSE University, 101000 Moscow, Russia
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | | | - Svetlana Belousova
- Department of Psychology, Chelyabinsk State University, 454001 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Irina Danilova
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Vadim Tseilikman
- School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Maxim Lapshin
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Lilia Sarapultseva
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Russian State Vocational Pedagogical University, 620012 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Svetlana Makhniova
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Russian State Vocational Pedagogical University, 620012 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Maria Sarapultseva
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Firm Vital EBB, 620144 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Maria Komelkova
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Desheng Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shanshan Luo
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ekaterina Lisovskaya
- Department of Psychology, Chelyabinsk State University, 454001 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Alexey Sarapultsev
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
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Jin L, Zhang N, Zhu J. Healthy lifestyle changes and mental health of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022:1-10. [PMID: 35990210 PMCID: PMC9376040 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03562-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated lifestyle changes in physical activity, sleep, and diet among healthcare workers and their impact on their mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Healthcare workers (N = 589) completed an online survey about demographic and personal characteristics, working experiences, COVID-19-related stressors, lifestyle changes, and mental health (anxiety and depression) about three months after the lift of the lockdown policy in China. Lifestyle Changes (including changes in physical activity, sleep, and diet), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), and Depression (PHQ-9) were used to measure main outcomes. Of the participants, 39.7% (N = 234) had less physical activity, 36.0% (N = 212) slept less, and 41.8% (N = 246) ate healthier than before pandemic. Lower educational level, working within original hospitals, less physical activity and less sleep time was associated with increased anxiety. Working within original hospitals, less physical activity and an unhealthier diet was associated with increased depression. In summary, healthcare workers who became less healthy in lifestyles experienced a higher level of anxiety and depression symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Strategies to promote healthy living and improve mental health among healthcare workers should be developed and implemented both during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lefan Jin
- School of Public Health and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Public Health and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Junhong Zhu
- Department of Nursing Studies, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058 China
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28
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Vodička S, Zelko E. Differences in Treating Patients with Palpitations at the Primary Healthcare Level Using Telemedical Device Savvy before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13081176. [PMID: 35893174 PMCID: PMC9330048 DOI: 10.3390/mi13081176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Background: Palpitations are one of most common reasons why a patient visits a general practitioner (GP) and is referred to a cardiologist. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with new-onset arrhythmias, which are difficult to diagnose at the primary healthcare level during pandemic-related lockdown periods. Methods: A total of 151 patients with a complaint of heart rhythm disorder were included from before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as after the start of vaccination, in this cohort retrospective study. We used a telemedical device—namely, a personal electrocardiographic (ECG) sensor called Savvy—to investigate heart rhythm in patients. The primary outcome of the study was to evaluate the number of actual heart rhythm disorder patients and any differences that infection with or vaccination for COVID-19 had on patients handled in a primary healthcare setting. Results: We found a heart rhythm disorder in 8.6% of patients before the COVID-19 pandemic and in 15.2–17.9% of patients during the COVID-19 pandemic, where the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.002). During the COVID-19 pandemic, we found a heart rhythm disorder in almost 50% of patients that had tested positive for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 virus) more than one month ago. After the vaccinations started, we also found a heart rhythm disorder in almost 50% of non-vaccinated patients. Conclusions: Using a telemedical approach or remote consultation is a useful method, at the primary healthcare level, for diagnosing and treating patients with palpitations during times of lockdown.
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Wang Y, Xu J, Xie T. The Association of Internet Use Intensity and Lifestyle Behaviors During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study in Chinese Adults. Front Public Health 2022; 10:934306. [PMID: 35910876 PMCID: PMC9326102 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.934306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic substantially increased the intensity of internet use in humans, which has made public opinion around health and public perceptions of it more vital, and this phenomenon has had a significant impact on human lifestyle behavior. This study used cross-sectional data during the COVID-19 pandemic to explore how internet use intensity influenced lifestyle behaviors among adults, and compared the differences between samples of different ages. The findings showed that the internet use intensity among adults increased the probability of physical activity, staying up late, and high-quality eating behaviors, and that they had a statistically significant positive association. Such associations were also found in independent younger, middle-aged, and older samples. However, the internet use intensity elevated the probability of body weight gain only in the independent samples of younger, middle-aged, and older adults. Besides, internet use intensity was able to increase the probability of smoking & drinking only among the younger sample. Notably, the effect of internet use intensity on lifestyle behaviors, including body weight gain, physical activity, staying up late, and a high-quality diet, was strongest among the elderly, followed by the middle-aged, and weakest among the younger. In the process of rural and urban governance regarding citizens' health, public health agencies should remind citizens to spend a reasonable amount of time on internet use to reduce the probability of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors and improve their physical health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Wang
- China Institute for Urban Governance, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of International and Public Affairs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Xu
- China Institute for Urban Governance, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Media and Communication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Xie
- School of Media and Communication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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30
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Bigdelou B, Sepand MR, Najafikhoshnoo S, Negrete JAT, Sharaf M, Ho JQ, Sullivan I, Chauhan P, Etter M, Shekarian T, Liang O, Hutter G, Esfandiarpour R, Zanganeh S. COVID-19 and Preexisting Comorbidities: Risks, Synergies, and Clinical Outcomes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:890517. [PMID: 35711466 PMCID: PMC9196863 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.890517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its associated symptoms, named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), have rapidly spread worldwide, resulting in the declaration of a pandemic. When several countries began enacting quarantine and lockdown policies, the pandemic as it is now known truly began. While most patients have minimal symptoms, approximately 20% of verified subjects are suffering from serious medical consequences. Co-existing diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and others, have been shown to make patients more vulnerable to severe outcomes from COVID-19 by modulating host-viral interactions and immune responses, causing severe infection and mortality. In this review, we outline the putative signaling pathways at the interface of COVID-19 and several diseases, emphasizing the clinical and molecular implications of concurring diseases in COVID-19 clinical outcomes. As evidence is limited on co-existing diseases and COVID-19, most findings are preliminary, and further research is required for optimal management of patients with comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banafsheh Bigdelou
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA, United States
| | - Mohammad Reza Sepand
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA, United States
| | - Sahar Najafikhoshnoo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Laboratory for Integrated Nano Bio Electronics Innovation, The Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Jorge Alfonso Tavares Negrete
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Laboratory for Integrated Nano Bio Electronics Innovation, The Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Mohammed Sharaf
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jim Q Ho
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Ian Sullivan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA, United States
| | - Prashant Chauhan
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre Czech Academy of Science, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Manina Etter
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tala Shekarian
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olin Liang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Gregor Hutter
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rahim Esfandiarpour
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Laboratory for Integrated Nano Bio Electronics Innovation, The Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Steven Zanganeh
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA, United States
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Black-White Risk Differentials in Pediatric COVID-19 Hospitalization and Intensive Care Unit Admissions in the USA. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2022; 10:1187-1193. [PMID: 35604543 PMCID: PMC9126624 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-022-01305-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The COVID-19 morbidity with SARS-CoV-2 as a causative pathogenic microbe remains a pandemic with children experiencing less mortality but with severe manifestations. The current study aimed to assess SARS-CoV-2 cumulative incidence, COVID-19 hospitalization, and ICU admission with respect to racial differentials. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional nonexperimental epidemiologic design was used to examine pediatric COVID-19 data from CDC during 2020. The variables assessed were ICU admissions, hospitalization, sex, race, and region. The Chi-Square (X2) statistic was used to examine the independence of the variables by race, while the binomial regression model was used to predict racial risk differentials in hospitalization and ICU admissions. Results The pediatric COVID-19 data observed the cumulative incidence of hospitalization to be 96,376, while ICU admission was 12,448. Racial differences were observed in hospitalization, ICU admissions, sex, and region. With respect to COVID-19 hospitalization, Black/African American (AA) children were two times as likely to be hospitalized compared to their White counterparts, prevalence risk ratio (pRR) = 2.20, 99% confidence interval (CI = 2.12–2.28). Similarly, Asians were 45% more likely to be hospitalized relative to their White counterparts, pRR = 1.45, 99% CI = 1.32–1.60. Regarding ICU admission, there was a disproportionate racial burden, implying excess ICU admission among Black/AA children relative to their White counterparts, pRR = 5.18, 99% CI = 4.44–6.04. Likewise, Asian children were 3 times as likely to be admitted to the ICU compared to their White counterparts, pRR = 3.36, 99% CI = 2.37–4.77. Additionally, American Indians/Alaska Natives were 2 times as likely to be admitted to ICU, pRR = 2.54, 99% CI = 0.82–7.85. Conclusion Racial disparities were observed in COVID-19 hospitalization and ICU admission among the US children, with Black/AA children being disproportionately affected, implying health equity transformation.
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Rakha AH, Abalkhail A, Albahadel DM. Family promotion of children's healthy lifestyles during the COVID-19 pandemic in light of Saudi Vision 2030. FAMILY RELATIONS 2022; 71:FARE12701. [PMID: 35942047 PMCID: PMC9348297 DOI: 10.1111/fare.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective This study aims to determine the role of the family in promoting an active and healthy lifestyle for children aged 3-12 years during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Qassim region in light of Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 program. Background This study is important in defining the role of the family in promoting an active lifestyle for children during the COVID-19 pandemic because the family is primarily responsible for promoting a healthy lifestyle for children. Method We evaluated responses of 320 parents completing an online survey about their children's physical health during the pandemic. Results The results showed a low level of children's physical activity and excessive use of electronic devices. Late bedtimes were evident and defined as midnight or later. As well, however, families knew the necessary information about COVID-19 and maintained the children's preventive measures. The families were aware of the child's consumption of a healthy diet. They helped the child complete studies through distance education. The families supported the child's psychological well-being and helped them develop some entertainment plans. Conclusions Although the family plays an important role in promoting the active and healthy lifestyle of the child, there is still a need for more awareness regarding the child's practice of physical activity, healthy sleep habits, and correct use of electronic devices. Implications Programs should be established to increase family awareness of the guidelines of the World Health Organization and the Saudi Ministry of Health regarding the child's physical activity, sleep habits, and the use of electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Hassan Rakha
- Department of Physical Education and Kinesiology, College of EducationQassim UniversityBuraidahSaudi Arabia
- Department of Curriculum and Teaching Methods of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical EducationPort‐Said UniversityPort‐SaidEgypt
| | - Adil Abalkhail
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health InformaticsQassim UniversityBukairiyahSaudi Arabia
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Willems RA, Winckers K, Biesmans C, de Vos-Geelen J, ten Cate H. Evolving data on cardiovascular complications in cancer. Thromb Res 2022; 213 Suppl 1:S87-S94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Cheng FK. Debate on mandatory COVID-19 vaccination. ETHICS, MEDICINE, AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 21:100761. [PMID: 35097181 PMCID: PMC8784578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemep.2022.100761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since January 2020, worldwide public health has been threatened by COVID-19, for which vaccines have been adopted from December 2020. DISCUSSION Although vaccines demonstrate effectiveness against this disease, vaccine hesitancy reveals concerns towards short-term and long-term side effects or adverse reactions such as post-inoculation death. Mandatory vaccination is used to provide herd immunity, but is refutable due to infringement of human rights and autonomy. Furthermore, the evidence testifies that vaccination cannot guarantee prevention of infection or re-infection, resulting in public resentment against this coercive measure, whilst post-inoculation anxiety continues. PERSPECTIVE This discussion suggests a holistic approach, involving the collective efforts of governments, medical experts and individuals, through basic preventive measures and alternative therapy to live with COVID-19 in a healthy and resourceful manner.
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Lange KW. Rudolf Virchow as a pioneer of both biomedicine and social medicine. Scand J Public Health 2022; 50:873-874. [PMID: 35365057 DOI: 10.1177/14034948211048289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus W Lange
- Institute of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Foster HME, Ho FK, Mair FS, Jani BD, Sattar N, Katikireddi SV, Pell JP, Niedzwiedz CL, Hastie CE, Anderson JJ, Nicholl BI, Gill JMR, Celis-Morales C, O'Donnell CA. The association between a lifestyle score, socioeconomic status, and COVID-19 outcomes within the UK Biobank cohort. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:273. [PMID: 35351028 PMCID: PMC8964028 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07132-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection with SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-19) impacts disadvantaged groups most. Lifestyle factors are also associated with adverse COVID-19 outcomes. To inform COVID-19 policy and interventions, we explored effect modification of socioeconomic-status (SES) on associations between lifestyle and COVID-19 outcomes. METHODS Using data from UK-Biobank, a large prospective cohort of 502,536 participants aged 37-73 years recruited between 2006 and 2010, we assigned participants a lifestyle score comprising nine factors. Poisson regression models with penalised splines were used to analyse associations between lifestyle score, deprivation (Townsend), and COVID-19 mortality and severe COVID-19. Associations between each exposure and outcome were examined independently before participants were dichotomised by deprivation to examine exposures jointly. Models were adjusted for sociodemographic/health factors. RESULTS Of 343,850 participants (mean age > 60 years) with complete data, 707 (0.21%) died from COVID-19 and 2506 (0.76%) had severe COVID-19. There was evidence of a nonlinear association between lifestyle score and COVID-19 mortality but limited evidence for nonlinearity between lifestyle score and severe COVID-19 and between deprivation and COVID-19 outcomes. Compared with low deprivation, participants in the high deprivation group had higher risk of COVID-19 outcomes across the lifestyle score. There was evidence for an additive interaction between lifestyle score and deprivation. Compared with participants with the healthiest lifestyle score in the low deprivation group, COVID-19 mortality risk ratios (95% CIs) for those with less healthy scores in low versus high deprivation groups were 5.09 (1.39-25.20) and 9.60 (4.70-21.44), respectively. Equivalent figures for severe COVID-19 were 5.17 (2.46-12.01) and 6.02 (4.72-7.71). Alternative SES measures produced similar results. CONCLUSIONS Unhealthy lifestyles are associated with higher risk of adverse COVID-19, but risks are highest in the most disadvantaged, suggesting an additive influence between SES and lifestyle. COVID-19 policy and interventions should consider both lifestyle and SES. The greatest public health benefit from lifestyle focussed COVID-19 policy and interventions is likely to be seen when greatest support for healthy living is provided to the most disadvantaged groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamish M E Foster
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Frederick K Ho
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Frances S Mair
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Bhautesh D Jani
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Naveed Sattar
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jill P Pell
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Claire L Niedzwiedz
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Claire E Hastie
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jana J Anderson
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Barbara I Nicholl
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jason M R Gill
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Carlos Celis-Morales
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Catherine A O'Donnell
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. Kate.O'
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Lange KW. The contribution of food bioactives and nutrition to the management of COVID-19. JOURNAL OF FUTURE FOODS 2022. [PMCID: PMC9012071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfutfo.2022.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Poor nutrition predisposes to infection, and various food compounds, such as micronutrients, are key elements of immune competence. A large number of scientific publications have suggested a role of phytochemicals, food bioactives and nutrition in combating the current coronavirus pandemic. Various dietary components and specific food supplements have been proposed to be helpful in the prevention or therapy of COVID-19. While findings in preclinical models suggest that food bioactives and micronutrients may potentially augment viral defense, evidence supporting antiviral and immunomodulatory efficacy of these compounds in the prevention or management of COVID-19 is non-existent. Large-scale epidemiological and well-designed clinical studies investigating dosage and combinations of food compounds in different age groups and populations are needed before any recommendations can be made. Both malnutrition and overnutrition can adversely affect the immune system. Malnutrition at population level appears to be associated with elevated rates of fatal outcomes of COVID-19. Obesity and non-communicable diseases have been found to be a prognostic risk factor associated with worse COVID-19 outcomes. A focus on obesity and nutrition-related chronic diseases should be a key element of public health. This approach would be more effective than the far less promising search for food bioactives with potential immune-supportive efficacy.
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Understanding Dietary Habit Changes during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040850. [PMID: 35215503 PMCID: PMC8880110 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
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Sachdeva R. COVID-19 Vaccine Perceived Risks and Benefits: Scale Development and Initial Tests of the Psychometric Properties. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2021.2019624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Delving the role of nutritional psychiatry to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic induced stress, anxiety and depression. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022; 120:25-35. [PMID: 35002078 PMCID: PMC8720048 DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The distressing COVID-19 pandemic has had a substantial impact on public mental health, and the importance of food and nutrients in several aspects of mental health has been recognized. People in isolation or quarantine suffer from severe stress, anger, panic attack, and anxiety. SCOPE AND APPROACH Although, people who have improved and progressed through medications or vaccines have reduced anxiety levels to some extent yet the efficacy of these measures, in the long run, remains a question. The review depicts that such negative emotional reactions were particularly higher in elderly individuals in the first wave than in other phases. The emotional and behavioral response to the COVID-19 pandemic is multifactorial. From different research studies, it has been found that stress scores were considerably higher for those engaging in unhealthy eating practices. This factor relies not only on external components but on personal and innate ones as well. In the present pandemic, the sustainable development of the food system would have been a major issue; this should be carefully restored to avoid a food crisis in the future. KEY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS Changes in mind-body interactions are triggered by psychosocial stresses such as interpersonal loss and social rejection. Physiological response (in terms of psychological stress) in COVID-19 affected patients varies due to individual physical health status. This review explores the relationship between nutrition and mental health as what we eat and think is interlinked with the gut-brain-axis. The role of dietary components along with the Mediterranean diet, DASH diet and use of psychobiotics in improving psychological distress in pandemic induced stress, anxiety and depression has also been discussed.
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Soroush A, Naghipour A, Heidarpour B, Abdollahzad H, Nouri R, Amani M, Baharirad N. Examining Lifestyle Components in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients, Iran 2021. J Lifestyle Med 2022; 12:56-61. [PMID: 35300041 PMCID: PMC8918378 DOI: 10.15280/jlm.2022.12.1.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 pandemic is a serious health threating element throughout the world. One of the key elements to strengthen the body’s immune system is to follow a healthy lifestyle to deal with health threating. The aim of this study was to evaluate the lifestyle components in COVID-19 patients. Methods This descriptive-analytical study carried on hospitalized COVID-19 patients from October 22, 2020 to January 19, 2021. Demographic characteristics, physical activity, nutritional status, stress and anxiety, and substance abuse were assessed. A simple model and multiple logistic regression model were used. Results About 32% were hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU). Healthy lifestyle was observed only in 28%. About 82% had insufficient physical activity, and 67.3% was reported to be unfavorable in nutritional status. Severe stress and anxiety were observed in 30.4% of people. There were significant relationships between age (AOR = 2.11, p = 0.036), education (AOR = 0.35, p = 0.002) and a healthy lifestyle. A significant correlation was observed between ICU admission and unhealthy lifestyle (AOR = 0.40, p = 0.015). Conclusion Unhealthy lifestyle behaviors were seen in the most COVID-19 patients. Considering the significance of lifestyle changes could prove effective in reducing the risk of transmissible viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Soroush
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Armin Naghipour
- Clinical Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Hadi Abdollahzad
- Department of Nutrition Sciences and Food Industry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Nouri
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Amani
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nadya Baharirad
- Clinical Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Nutrition Sciences and Food Industry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Min C, Yoo DM, Kwon MJ, Kim JH, Choi HG. Physical Activity, Sunshine Duration, and Osteoporotic Fractures: A Nested Case-Control Study. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12020164. [PMID: 35207652 PMCID: PMC8878966 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12020164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the associations between the occurrence of osteoporotic fractures in detailed sites and combined physical activity (PA) and sunshine duration (SD). Data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service—National Health Screening Cohort for 7-year periods and from the Korea Meteorological Administration were used. Osteoporotic fractures (n = 12,103), including vertebral fractures, hip fractures, and distal radius fractures, and matched controls (n = 24,206) were selected in 1:2 ratios by age, sex, income, and region of residence. PA was classified as moderate- to high-intensity PA (High PA) and low-intensity PA (Low PA). SD was classified as Short SD (<6.1 h) and Long SD (≥6.1 h). Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) with 95%-confidence intervals (CIs) of the combined PA and SD groups for the occurrence of each osteoporotic fracture. Compared to ‘Low PA + Short SD’, the adjusted ORs (95% CIs) for vertebral fracture in ‘High PA + Short SD’ and ‘High PA + Long SD’ were 0.83 (0.76–0.91) and 0.84 (0.77–0.92), respectively. Hip/distal radius fractures were not associated with the combined PA and SD group. We suggest that a higher intensity of PA is inversely associated with the risk of vertebral fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanyang Min
- Hallym Data Science Laboratory, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea; (C.M.); (D.-M.Y.)
| | - Dae-Myoung Yoo
- Hallym Data Science Laboratory, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea; (C.M.); (D.-M.Y.)
| | - Mi-Jung Kwon
- Department of Pathology, Hallym Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea;
| | - Joo-Hee Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hallym Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea;
| | - Hyo-Geun Choi
- Hallym Data Science Laboratory, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea; (C.M.); (D.-M.Y.)
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Jodczyk AM, Kasiak PS, Adamczyk N, Gębarowska J, Sikora Z, Gruba G, Mamcarz A, Śliż D. PaLS Study: Tobacco, Alcohol and Drugs Usage among Polish University Students in the Context of Stress Caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:1261. [PMID: 35162281 PMCID: PMC8835269 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and imposed restrictions were strong stress factors for young people, especially students. Increased alcohol consumption, smoking cigarettes, usage of heated tobacco products, and other stimulants are common methods of coping with anxiety. However, they can have serious negative health effects. A survey consisting of 12 questions related to mental health and psychoactive substance taking habits was distributed among Polish students between 22 February 2021 and 3 April 2021. A total of 1323 participants met all inclusion criteria (nfemales = 1021, nmales = 297, nother gender = 5). The mean age was 22 years old (±4.17); 47.62% were medical university students. A total of 71.92% reported negative impact, 8.25% did not notice changes, and 12.58% declared a positive pandemic impact on their mental health. A total of 12.58% declared an increase, 70.22% did not see any differences, and 17.20% reported a decrease in their psychoactive substance usage tendency due to the pandemic. Worse perceived psychologic well-being was correlated with a higher tendency to use tobacco (p < 0.001) and alcohol (p < 0.001), and not with marijuana and products containing tetrahydrocannabinol (p = 0.136), and hard drugs (p = 0.799). The majority of participants declared a negative pandemic impact on mental health and did not report significant changes in psychoactive substance taking habits. Medical personnel should be aware of the current situation and apply for proper prevention and treatment programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Monika Jodczyk
- Students’ Scientific Group of Lifestyle Medicine, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 04-749 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.J.); (N.A.); (J.G.); (Z.S.); (G.G.); (D.Ś.)
| | - Przemysław Seweryn Kasiak
- Students’ Scientific Group of Lifestyle Medicine, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 04-749 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.J.); (N.A.); (J.G.); (Z.S.); (G.G.); (D.Ś.)
| | - Natalia Adamczyk
- Students’ Scientific Group of Lifestyle Medicine, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 04-749 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.J.); (N.A.); (J.G.); (Z.S.); (G.G.); (D.Ś.)
- Polish Society of Lifestyle Medicine, 00-388 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Joanna Gębarowska
- Students’ Scientific Group of Lifestyle Medicine, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 04-749 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.J.); (N.A.); (J.G.); (Z.S.); (G.G.); (D.Ś.)
- Polish Society of Lifestyle Medicine, 00-388 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Zuzanna Sikora
- Students’ Scientific Group of Lifestyle Medicine, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 04-749 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.J.); (N.A.); (J.G.); (Z.S.); (G.G.); (D.Ś.)
| | - Grzegorz Gruba
- Students’ Scientific Group of Lifestyle Medicine, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 04-749 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.J.); (N.A.); (J.G.); (Z.S.); (G.G.); (D.Ś.)
| | - Artur Mamcarz
- Polish Society of Lifestyle Medicine, 00-388 Warsaw, Poland;
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 04-749 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel Śliż
- Students’ Scientific Group of Lifestyle Medicine, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 04-749 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.J.); (N.A.); (J.G.); (Z.S.); (G.G.); (D.Ś.)
- Polish Society of Lifestyle Medicine, 00-388 Warsaw, Poland;
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 04-749 Warsaw, Poland
- School of Public Health, Postgraduate Medical Education Center, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
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Morales JS, Valenzuela PL, Castillo-García A, Butragueño J, Jiménez-Pavón D, Carrera-Bastos P, Lucia A. The Exposome and Immune Health in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nutrients 2021; 14:24. [PMID: 35010900 PMCID: PMC8746533 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence supports the importance of lifestyle and environmental exposures-collectively referred to as the 'exposome'-for ensuring immune health. In this narrative review, we summarize and discuss the effects of the different exposome components (physical activity, body weight management, diet, sun exposure, stress, sleep and circadian rhythms, pollution, smoking, and gut microbiome) on immune function and inflammation, particularly in the context of the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We highlight the potential role of 'exposome improvements' in the prevention-or amelioration, once established-of this disease as well as their effect on the response to vaccination. In light of the existing evidence, the promotion of a healthy exposome should be a cornerstone in the prevention and management of the COVID-19 pandemic and other eventual pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier S. Morales
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad de Cádiz, 11519 Cadiz, Spain;
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Pedro L. Valenzuela
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (P.L.V.); (A.L.)
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group (‘PaHerg’), Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre (‘imas12′), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Javier Butragueño
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Polytechnic University of Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - David Jiménez-Pavón
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad de Cádiz, 11519 Cadiz, Spain;
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Carrera-Bastos
- Centre for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden;
- Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (P.L.V.); (A.L.)
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group (‘PaHerg’), Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre (‘imas12′), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Park KH, Kim AR, Yang MA, Park JH. Differences in Multi-Faceted Lifestyles in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic and Their Association with Depression and Quality of Life of Older Adults in South Korea: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:4124. [PMID: 34836379 PMCID: PMC8625190 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic on 11 March 2020, due to the number of newly reported confirmed cases and the rapid increase in deaths. Therefore, countries around the world limited their population to policies such as "social distancing" or "staying at home" to prevent the spread of the virus. The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences in lifestyle pre and post the outbreak COVID-19 among older adults in South Korea and to identify the impact of lifestyle differences on depression and quality of life. METHODS An online single questionnaire covering sociodemographic data, lifestyle details, depression status, and quality of life level was distributed using mailing lists and social media. To assess lifestyles differences in older people pre and post the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic, the online single questionnaire was used post COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the participants' memories, they responded lifestyles at two time points (pre and post COVID-19 pandemic). RESULTS The results showed that there was a significant decrease in physical activity and activity participation during the pandemic. In terms of nutrition, there was no statistically significant change pre and post the outbreak COVID-19, except for the intake of protein, fat, and vitamins. Additionally, the results showed that the resulting lifestyle differences seem to have had a negative impact on depression and quality of life among older adults in South Korea. CONCLUSION There was a significant difference the lifestyle patterns among the participants in South Korea between the current period and pre COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, it is observed that these differenced lifestyles were associated with depression and quality of life among the participants. Our findings may help to develop public health programs that support healthy lifestyles in pandemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Hyun Park
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea;
- Super-Aged Society New Normal Lifestyle Research Institute, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea
| | - Ah-Ram Kim
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea;
| | - Min-Ah Yang
- Korea Health Industry Development Institute, Cheongju-si 28159, Korea;
| | - Ji-Hyuk Park
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea;
- Super-Aged Society New Normal Lifestyle Research Institute, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea
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Predictors of COVID-19 Infection: A Prevalence Study of Hospitalized Patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 2021:6213450. [PMID: 34691316 PMCID: PMC8528614 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6213450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Aim To find the predictors of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in hospitalized patients. Methods A prevalence study compared the characteristics of COVID-19 patients with non-COVID-19 patients from January 19, 2020, to February 18, 2020, during the COVID-19 outbreak. Laboratory test results and pulmonary chest imaging of confirmed COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients were collected by retrieving medical records in our center. Results 96 COVID-19 patients and 122 non-COVID-19 patients were enrolled in this study. COVID-19 patients were older (53 vs. 39; P < 0.001) and had higher body mass index (BMI) than non-COVID-19 group (24.21 ± 3.51 vs. 23.00 ± 3.27, P = 0.011); however, differences in gender were not observed between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that exposure history (OR: 23.34, P < 0.001), rhinorrhea (odds radio (OR): 0.12, P = 0.006), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (OR: 1.03, P = 0.049), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (OR: 1.01, P = 0.020), lymphocyte (OR: 0.27, P = 0.007), and bilateral involvement on chest CT imaging (OR: 23.01, P < 0.001) were independent risk factors for COVID-19. Moreover, bilateral involvement on chest CT imaging (AUC = 0.904, P < 0.001) had significantly higher AUC than others in predicting COVID-19. Conclusions Exposure history, elevated ALT and LDH, absence of rhinorrhea, lymphopenia, and bilateral involvement on chest CT imaging provide robust evidence for the diagnosis of COVID-19, especially in resource-limited conditions where nucleic acid detection is not readily available.
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Filip R, Anchidin-Norocel L, Gheorghita R, Savage WK, Dimian M. Changes in Dietary Patterns and Clinical Health Outcomes in Different Countries during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic. Nutrients 2021; 13:3612. [PMID: 34684615 PMCID: PMC8539259 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to an excess in community mortality across the globe. We review recent evidence on the clinical pathology of COVID-19, comorbidity factors, immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and factors influencing infection outcomes. The latter specifically includes diet and lifestyle factors during pandemic restrictions. We also cover the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 transmission through food products and the food chain, as well as virus persistence on different surfaces and in different environmental conditions, which were major public concerns during the initial days of the pandemic, but have since waned in public attention. We discuss useful measures to avoid the risk of SARS-CoV-2 spread through food, and approaches that may reduce the risk of contamination with the highly contagious virus. While hygienic protocols are required in food supply sectors, cleaning, disinfection, avoidance of cross-contamination across food categories, and foodstuffs at different stages of the manufacturing process are still particularly relevant because the virus persists at length on inert materials such as food packaging. Moreover, personal hygiene (frequent washing and disinfection), wearing gloves, and proper use of masks, clothes, and footwear dedicated to maintaining hygiene, provide on-site protections for food sector employees as well as supply chain intermediates and consumers. Finally, we emphasize the importance of following a healthy diet and maintaining a lifestyle that promotes physical well-being and supports healthy immune system function, especially when government movement restrictions ("lockdowns") are implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Filip
- Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (R.F.); (R.G.); (W.K.S.)
- Regional County Emergency Hospital, 720224 Suceava, Romania
| | - Liliana Anchidin-Norocel
- Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (R.F.); (R.G.); (W.K.S.)
| | - Roxana Gheorghita
- Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (R.F.); (R.G.); (W.K.S.)
- Integrated Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Advanced Materials, Nanotechnologies, and Distributed Systems for Fabrication and Control, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania;
| | - Wesley K. Savage
- Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (R.F.); (R.G.); (W.K.S.)
- Integrated Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Advanced Materials, Nanotechnologies, and Distributed Systems for Fabrication and Control, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania;
| | - Mihai Dimian
- Integrated Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Advanced Materials, Nanotechnologies, and Distributed Systems for Fabrication and Control, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania;
- Department of Computers, Electronics and Automation, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania
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Sousa SS, Ferreira MM, Cruz S, Sampaio A, Silva-Fernandes A. A Structural Equation Model of Self-Regulation and Healthy Habits as an Individual Protective Tool in the Context of Epidemics-Evidence From COVID-19. Front Psychol 2021; 12:696813. [PMID: 34594265 PMCID: PMC8476840 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.696813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The present study aims to explore the mediation role of self-regulation on health-related behaviors adoption or maintenance, mental health, and well-being during the COVID-19 confinement in a sample of adults in Portugal. Design: One-hundred fifty individuals (118 females, 32 males; Mage = 33.57 year; SD = 12.71) filled an online survey to assess self-regulation, healthy behaviors, mental health, and well-being perception, during the early months of the pandemic (June-August, 2020). Main Outcome Measures: Self-regulation capacity, adoption or maintenance of healthy habits, mental health, including stress management, and the perception of one's well-being were evaluated using a structural equation model (SEM). Results: Self-regulation had direct effects on healthy habits and mental health and indirect effects on well-being and mental health mediated by healthy habits. In specific, a positive direct effect on healthy habits (β = 0.497, p < 0.001) and a negative direct effect on mental health (β = -0.428, p < 0.001); and a positive indirect effect on well-being perception, mediated by healthy behaviors and mental health (β = 0.253, p = 0.003), and a negative indirect effect on mental health, mediated by healthy habits (β = -0.208, p = 0.003). Additionally, healthy habits exerted direct effects on well-being perception and mental health. A positive direct effect on well-being perception (β = 0.254, p = 0.012), and a negative direct effect on mental health (β = -0.418, p < 0.001) were further observed. No direct effect of mental health was observed in well-being perception (β = -0.199, p = 0.068). Finally, a negative correlation was observed between self-regulation and weeks of confinement (r = -0.208, p = 0.021). Conclusion: Self-regulation seems to be a good indicator of adopting a healthy lifestyle and better mental health and well-being in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Future preventive actions and interventions to build long-term global preparedness for future health emergencies, such as COVID-19, should explore the importance of self-regulation as an important individual and collective protective factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia S Sousa
- Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Marisa M Ferreira
- Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Sara Cruz
- The Psychology for Positive Development Research Center (CIPD), Lusíada University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Adriana Sampaio
- Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Anabela Silva-Fernandes
- Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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Gutierrez JM, Volkovs M, Poutanen T, Watson T, Rosella LC. Risk stratification for COVID-19 hospitalization: a multivariable model based on gradient-boosting decision trees. CMAJ Open 2021; 9:E1223-E1231. [PMID: 34933880 PMCID: PMC8695533 DOI: 10.9778/cmajo.20210036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increased demand for health care resources and, in some cases, shortage of medical equipment and staff. Our objective was to develop and validate a multivariable model to predict risk of hospitalization for patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. METHODS We used routinely collected health records in a patient cohort to develop and validate our prediction model. This cohort included adult patients (age ≥ 18 yr) from Ontario, Canada, who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 ribonucleic acid by polymerase chain reaction between Feb. 2 and Oct. 5, 2020, and were followed up through Nov. 5, 2020. Patients living in long-term care facilities were excluded, as they were all assumed to be at high risk of hospitalization for COVID-19. Risk of hospitalization within 30 days of diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection was estimated via gradient-boosting decision trees, and variable importance examined via Shapley values. We built a gradient-boosting model using the Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm and compared its performance against 4 empirical rules commonly used for risk stratifications based on age and number of comorbidities. RESULTS The cohort included 36 323 patients with 2583 hospitalizations (7.1%). Hospitalized patients had a higher median age (64 yr v. 43 yr), were more likely to be male (56.3% v. 47.3%) and had a higher median number of comorbidities (3, interquartile range [IQR] 2-6 v. 1, IQR 0-3) than nonhospitalized patients. Patients were split into development (n = 29 058, 80.0%) and held-out validation (n = 7265, 20.0%) cohorts. The gradient-boosting model achieved high discrimination (development cohort: area under the receiver operating characteristic curve across the 5 folds of 0.852; validation cohort: 0.8475) and strong calibration (slope = 1.01, intercept = -0.01). The patients who scored at the top 10% captured 47.4% of hospitalizations, and those who scored at the top 30% captured 80.6%. INTERPRETATION We developed and validated an accurate risk stratification model using routinely collected health administrative data. We envision that modelling such risk stratification based on routinely collected health data could support management of COVID-19 on a population health level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahir M Gutierrez
- Layer 6 AI (Gutierrez, Volkovs, Poutanen); ICES (Volkovs, Watson, Rosella); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Watson, Rosella), University of Toronto; Vector Institute (Rosella), Toronto, Ont
| | - Maksims Volkovs
- Layer 6 AI (Gutierrez, Volkovs, Poutanen); ICES (Volkovs, Watson, Rosella); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Watson, Rosella), University of Toronto; Vector Institute (Rosella), Toronto, Ont
| | - Tomi Poutanen
- Layer 6 AI (Gutierrez, Volkovs, Poutanen); ICES (Volkovs, Watson, Rosella); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Watson, Rosella), University of Toronto; Vector Institute (Rosella), Toronto, Ont
| | - Tristan Watson
- Layer 6 AI (Gutierrez, Volkovs, Poutanen); ICES (Volkovs, Watson, Rosella); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Watson, Rosella), University of Toronto; Vector Institute (Rosella), Toronto, Ont
| | - Laura C Rosella
- Layer 6 AI (Gutierrez, Volkovs, Poutanen); ICES (Volkovs, Watson, Rosella); Dalla Lana School of Public Health (Watson, Rosella), University of Toronto; Vector Institute (Rosella), Toronto, Ont.
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Mozid NE, Amin MA, Jhumur SS, Monju IH, Ahmed SB, Sharmin S, Sarker W, Hawlader MDH. COVID-19 risk of infection and vaccination during Ramadan fasting: knowledge and attitudes of Bangladeshi general population. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08174. [PMID: 34664033 PMCID: PMC8514325 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is some debate whether COVID-19 infection and vaccination will hamper Ramadan among the Muslim population worldwide. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the total proportion of the Bangladeshi population who has adequate knowledge and attitude towards COVID-19 risk of infections and vaccination during Ramadan fasting. A cross-sectional study had conducted among 502 adult participants of Bangladesh. We have used a structured questionnaire which had implemented through a face-to-face interview by trained data collectors. Data were analyzed using statistical package software SPSS version 25.0. Of the 502 participants, 50.2% were male, and most (49.6%) lived in urban areas. About 72.5% and 76.30% reported having adequate knowledge and a positive attitude, respectively, regarding COVID-19 risk of infection and vaccination during Ramadan fasting. Among all variables, no formal education and up to class 8 education had significantly associated with inadequate knowledge (OR = 5.14, 95% CI = 1.63-16.19, and OR = 6.42, 95% CI = 2.55-16.19). Educational status was also associated with attitude (OR = 3.68, 95%CI = 1.17-11.55). Current smokers reported a negative attitude in comparison to non-smokers (OR = 2.48, 95% CI = 1.36-4.50). In conclusion, our study found overall moderate knowledge and attitude among the Bangladeshi population towards COVID-19 infection and vaccination. Government should continue its efforts to increase the knowledge and attitude level to a higher level, and anti-smoking campaigns should strengthen to make people stop smoking to reduce the COVID-19 severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat-E Mozid
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Imran Hossain Monju
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Sanjana Binte Ahmed
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Shakila Sharmin
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Wharesha Sarker
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
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