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Yang X, Huang YWA, Marshall J. Targeting TrkB-PSD-95 coupling to mitigate neurological disorders. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:715-724. [PMID: 38886937 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-02000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) signaling plays a pivotal role in dendritic growth and dendritic spine formation to promote learning and memory. The activity-dependent release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor at synapses binds to pre- or postsynaptic TrkB resulting in the strengthening of synapses, reflected by long-term potentiation. Postsynaptically, the association of postsynaptic density protein-95 with TrkB enhances phospholipase Cγ-Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling required for long-term potentiation. In this review, we discuss TrkB-postsynaptic density protein-95 coupling as a promising strategy to magnify brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling towards the development of novel therapeutics for specific neurological disorders. A reduction of TrkB signaling has been observed in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease, and enhancement of postsynaptic density protein-95 association with TrkB signaling could mitigate the observed deficiency of neuronal connectivity in schizophrenia and depression. Treatment with brain-derived neurotrophic factor is problematic, due to poor pharmacokinetics, low brain penetration, and side effects resulting from activation of the p75 neurotrophin receptor or the truncated TrkB.T1 isoform. Although TrkB agonists and antibodies that activate TrkB are being intensively investigated, they cannot distinguish the multiple human TrkB splicing isoforms or cell type-specific functions. Targeting TrkB-postsynaptic density protein-95 coupling provides an alternative approach to specifically boost TrkB signaling at localized synaptic sites versus global stimulation that risks many adverse side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Yu-Wen Alvin Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute for Translational Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - John Marshall
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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2
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Wang X, Zhang Y, Luo S, Zhao K, Gao C, Mei D, Duan Y, Hu S. Restoration of nNOS Expression Rescues Autistic-Like Phenotypes Through Normalization of AMPA Receptor-Mediated Neurotransmission. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:6599-6612. [PMID: 38329681 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03997-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with a range of abnormalities characterized by deficits in socialization, communication, repetitive behaviors, and restricted interests. We have recently shown that neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) expression was decreased in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) of mice after postnatal valproic acid exposure. Neuronal activity-regulated pentraxin (Narp) could contribute to the regulation of the GluA4 2-amino-3-(5-methyl-3-oxo-1,2-oxazol-4-yl) propanoic acid (AMPA) subunits which are predominantly expressed in interneurons. However, the specific role of nNOS re-expression on excitatory neurotransmitter with relevance to ASD core symptoms in VPA-treated animals remains to be elucidated. Herein, nNOS overexpression using a lentiviral vector and L-arginine-activating PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling can restore nNOS expression in the BLA induced by VPA. Restoration of nNOS expression in these mice was sufficient to reduce the severity of ASD-like behavioral patterns such that animals exhibited decreases in abnormal social interactions and communication, stereotyped/repetitive behaviors, and anxiety-like traits. Most strikingly, re-expression of nNOS upregulated surface expression of Narp and GluA4 in nNOS-positive interneuron as shown by immunoprecipitation and Western blotting. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings demonstrated that restoration of nNOS had a significant enhancing effect on AMPA receptor-mediated excitatory glutamatergic synaptic neurotransmission, which was inhibited by disturbing the interaction between Narp and GluA4 in acutely dissociated BLA slices. Overall, these data offer a scientific basis for the additional study of nNOS re-expression as a promising therapeutic target by correcting AMPA receptor-mediated synaptic function in ASD and related neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Wang
- Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Henan Children's Neurodevelopment Engineering Research Center, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Yaodong Zhang
- Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Henan Children's Neurodevelopment Engineering Research Center, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuying Luo
- Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Henan Children's Neurodevelopment Engineering Research Center, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Henan Children's Neurodevelopment Engineering Research Center, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Daoqi Mei
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongtao Duan
- Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Henan Children's Neurodevelopment Engineering Research Center, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shunan Hu
- Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Henan Children's Neurodevelopment Engineering Research Center, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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3
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Jankovic T, Bogicevic M, Knezevic NN. The role of nitric oxide and hormone signaling in chronic stress, anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 590:112266. [PMID: 38718853 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
This paper provides a summary of the role of nitric oxide (NO) and hormones in the development of chronic stress, anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These mental health conditions are prevalent globally and involve complex molecular interactions. Although there is a significant amount of research and therapeutic options available, the underlying mechanisms of these disorders are still not fully understood. The primary pathophysiologic processes involved in chronic stress, anxiety, depression, and PTSD include dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, the intracellular influence of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) on transcription factors, an inflammatory response with the formation of nitrergic oxidative species, and reduced serotonergic transmission in the dorsal raphe nucleus. Despite the extensive literature on this topic, there is a great need for further research to clarify the complexities inherent in these pathways, with the primary aim of improving psychiatric care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Jankovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marko Bogicevic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Midwestern University Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Nebojsa Nick Knezevic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA.
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4
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Allboani A, Kar S, Kavdia M. Computational modeling of neuronal nitric oxide synthase biochemical pathway: A mechanistic analysis of tetrahydrobiopterin and oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 222:625-637. [PMID: 39004235 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Neuronal cell dysfunction plays an important role in neurodegenerative diseases. Oxidative stress can disrupt the redox balance within neuronal cells and may cause neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) to uncouple, contributing to the neurodegenerative processes. Experimental studies and clinical trials using nNOS cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) and antioxidants in neuronal cell dysfunction have shown inconsistent results. A better mechanistic understanding of complex interactions of nNOS activity and oxidative stress in neuronal cell dysfunction is needed. In this study, we developed a computational model of neuronal cell using nNOS biochemical pathways to explore several key mechanisms that are known to influence neuronal cell redox homeostasis. We studied the effects of oxidative stress and BH4 synthesis on nNOS nitric oxide production and biopterin ratio (BH4/total biopterin). Results showed that nNOS remained coupled and maintained nitric oxide production for oxidative stress levels less than 230 nM/s. The results showed that neuronal oxidative stress above 230 nM/s increased the degree of nNOS uncoupling and introduced instability in the nitric oxide production. The nitric oxide production did not change irrespective of initial biopterin ratio of 0.05-0.99 for a given oxidative stress. Oxidative stress resulted in significant reduction in BH4 levels even when nitric oxide production was not affected. Enhancing BH4 synthesis or supplementation improved nNOS coupling, however the degree of improvement was determined by the levels of oxidative stress and BH4 synthesis. The results of our mechanistic analysis indicate that there is a potential for significant improvement in neuronal dysfunction by simultaneously increasing BH4 levels and reducing cellular oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amnah Allboani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Saptarshi Kar
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait
| | - Mahendra Kavdia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
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5
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Bastawy EM, Eraslan IM, Voglsanger L, Suphioglu C, Walker AJ, Dean OM, Read JL, Ziemann M, Smith CM. Novel Insights into Changes in Gene Expression within the Hypothalamus in Two Asthma Mouse Models: A Transcriptomic Lung-Brain Axis Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7391. [PMID: 39000495 PMCID: PMC11242700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with asthma experience elevated rates of mental illness. However, the molecular links underlying such lung-brain crosstalk remain ambiguous. Hypothalamic dysfunction is observed in many psychiatric disorders, particularly those with an inflammatory component due to many hypothalamic regions being unprotected by the blood-brain barrier. To gain a better insight into such neuropsychiatric sequelae, this study investigated gene expression differences in the hypothalamus following lung inflammation (asthma) induction in mice, using RNA transcriptome profiling. BALB/c mice were challenged with either bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS, E. coli) or ovalbumin (OVA) allergens or saline control (n = 7 per group), and lung inflammation was confirmed via histological examination of postmortem lung tissue. The majority of the hypothalamus was micro-dissected, and total RNA was extracted for sequencing. Differential expression analysis identified 31 statistically significant single genes (false discovery rate FDR5%) altered in expression following LPS exposure compared to controls; however, none were significantly changed following OVA treatment, suggesting a milder hypothalamic response. When gene sets were examined, 48 were upregulated and 8 were downregulated in both asthma groups relative to controls. REACTOME enrichment analysis suggests these gene sets are involved in signal transduction metabolism, immune response and neuroplasticity. Interestingly, we identified five altered gene sets directly associated with neurotransmitter signaling. Intriguingly, many of these altered gene sets can influence mental health and or/neuroinflammation in humans. These findings help characterize the links between asthma-induced lung inflammation and the brain and may assist in identifying relevant pathways and therapeutic targets for future intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eslam M Bastawy
- Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia
| | - Izel M Eraslan
- Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia
| | - Lara Voglsanger
- Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia
| | - Cenk Suphioglu
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia
| | - Adam J Walker
- Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia
| | - Olivia M Dean
- Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne 3052, Australia
| | - Justin L Read
- Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia
| | - Mark Ziemann
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Craig M Smith
- Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia
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da Silva DMA, Sales ISL, Oliveira JVS, Dos Santos Júnior MA, Rebouças MDO, Valentim JT, Vale LDC, Capibaribe VCC, de Carvalho MAJ, de Aquino PEA, Macêdo DS, de Sousa FCF. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors alleviated depressive and anxious-like behaviors in mice exposed to lipopolysaccharide: Involvement of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2024; 240:173778. [PMID: 38679081 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Depression and anxiety disorders have their pathophysiologies linked to inflammation and oxidative stress. In this context, celecoxib (CLX) and etoricoxib (ETR) inhibit cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), an enzyme expressed by cells involved in the inflammatory process and found in the brain. Studies have been using CLX as a possible drug in the treatment of depression, although its mechanisms at the central nervous system level are not fully elucidated. In this study, the effects of CLX and ETR on behavioral, oxidative, and inflammatory changes induced by systemic exposure to Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were evaluated in adult male swiss mice. For ten days, the animals received intraperitoneal injections of LPS at 0.5 mg/kg. From the sixth to the tenth day, one hour after LPS exposure, they were treated orally with CLX (15 mg/kg), ETR (10 mg/kg), or fluoxetine (FLU) (20 mg/kg). Twenty-four hours after the last oral administration, the animals underwent evaluation of locomotor activity (open field test), predictive tests for depressive-like behavior (forced swim and tail suspension tests), and anxiolytic-like effect (elevated plus maze and hole board tests). Subsequently, the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and striatum were dissected for the measurement of oxidative and nitrosative parameters (malondialdehyde, nitrite, and glutathione) and quantification of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6). LPS induced depressive and anxious-like behavior, and treatment with CLX or ETR was able to reverse most of the behavioral changes. It was evidenced that nitrosative stress and the degree of lipid peroxidation induced by LPS were reduced in different brain areas after treatment with the drugs, as well as the endogenous defense system against free radicals was strengthened. CLX and ETR also significantly reduced LPS-induced cytokine levels. These data are expected to expand information on the role of inflammation in depression and anxiety and provide insights into possible mechanisms of COX-2 inhibitors in psychiatric disorders with a neurobiological basis in inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Moreira Alves da Silva
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Iardja Stéfane Lopes Sales
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - João Victor Souza Oliveira
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Manuel Alves Dos Santos Júnior
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Manoela de Oliveira Rebouças
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - José Tiago Valentim
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Larice de Carvalho Vale
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Victor Celso Cavalcanti Capibaribe
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Michele Albuquerque Jales de Carvalho
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Pedro Everson Alexandre de Aquino
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Danielle Silveira Macêdo
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Francisca Cléa Florenço de Sousa
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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7
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Ritz T, Kroll JL, Khan DA, Yezhuvath US, Aslan S, Pinkham A, Rosenfield D, Brown ES. fMRI BOLD responses to film stimuli and their association with exhaled nitric oxide in asthma and health. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14513. [PMID: 38339852 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Little is known about central nervous system (CNS) responses to emotional stimuli in asthma. Nitric oxide in exhaled breath (FENO) is elevated in asthma due to allergic immune processes, but endogenous nitric oxide is also known to modulate CNS activity. We measured fMRI blood oxygen-dependent (BOLD) brain activation to negative (blood-injection-injury themes) and neutral films in 31 participants (15 with asthma). Regions-of-interest analysis was performed on key areas relevant to central adaptive control, threat processing, or salience networks, with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), anterior insula, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), amygdala, ventral striatum, ventral tegmentum, and periaqueductal gray, as well as top-down modulation of emotion, with ventrolateral and ventromedial PFC. Both groups showed less BOLD deactivation from fixation cross-baseline in the left anterior insula and bilateral ventromedial PFC for negative than neutral films, and for an additional number of areas, including the fusiform gyrus, for film versus recovery phases. Less deactivation during films followed by less recovery from deactivation was found in asthma compared to healthy controls. Changes in PCO2 did not explain these findings. FENO was positively related to BOLD activation in general, but more pronounced in healthy controls and more likely in neutral film processing. Thus, asthma is associated with altered processing of film stimuli across brain regions not limited to central adaptive control, threat processing, or salience networks. Higher levels of NO appear to facilitate CNS activity, but only in healthy controls, possibly due to allergy's masking effects on FENO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ritz
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Juliet L Kroll
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David A Khan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | - Sina Aslan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Advance MRI LLC, Frisco, Texas, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Amy Pinkham
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - David Rosenfield
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - E Sherwood Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Mousavi H, Rimaz M, Zeynizadeh B. Practical Three-Component Regioselective Synthesis of Drug-Like 3-Aryl(or heteroaryl)-5,6-dihydrobenzo[ h]cinnolines as Potential Non-Covalent Multi-Targeting Inhibitors To Combat Neurodegenerative Diseases. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1828-1881. [PMID: 38647433 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are one of the prominent health challenges facing contemporary society, and many efforts have been made to overcome and (or) control it. In this research paper, we described a practical one-pot two-step three-component reaction between 3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one (1), aryl(or heteroaryl)glyoxal monohydrates (2a-h), and hydrazine monohydrate (NH2NH2•H2O) for the regioselective preparation of some 3-aryl(or heteroaryl)-5,6-dihydrobenzo[h]cinnoline derivatives (3a-h). After synthesis and characterization of the mentioned cinnolines (3a-h), the in silico multi-targeting inhibitory properties of these heterocyclic scaffolds have been investigated upon various Homo sapiens-type enzymes, including hMAO-A, hMAO-B, hAChE, hBChE, hBACE-1, hBACE-2, hNQO-1, hNQO-2, hnNOS, hiNOS, hPARP-1, hPARP-2, hLRRK-2(G2019S), hGSK-3β, hp38α MAPK, hJNK-3, hOGA, hNMDA receptor, hnSMase-2, hIDO-1, hCOMT, hLIMK-1, hLIMK-2, hRIPK-1, hUCH-L1, hPARK-7, and hDHODH, which have confirmed their functions and roles in the neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), based on molecular docking studies, and the obtained results were compared with a wide range of approved drugs and well-known (with IC50, EC50, etc.) compounds. In addition, in silico ADMET prediction analysis was performed to examine the prospective drug properties of the synthesized heterocyclic compounds (3a-h). The obtained results from the molecular docking studies and ADMET-related data demonstrated that these series of 3-aryl(or heteroaryl)-5,6-dihydrobenzo[h]cinnolines (3a-h), especially hit ones, can really be turned into the potent core of new drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), and/or due to the having some reactionable locations, they are able to have further organic reactions (such as cross-coupling reactions), and expansion of these compounds (for example, with using other types of aryl(or heteroaryl)glyoxal monohydrates) makes a new avenue for designing novel and efficient drugs for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Mousavi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rimaz
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-3697, Tehran 19395-3697, Iran
| | - Behzad Zeynizadeh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran
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9
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Sales AJ, Joca SRL, Del Bel E, Guimarães FS. The antidepressant-like effect of doxycycline is associated with decreased nitric oxide metabolite levels in the prefrontal cortex. Behav Brain Res 2024; 458:114764. [PMID: 37972712 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Doxycycline is an antibiotic that has shown neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antidepressant-like effects. Low doses of doxycycline revert the behavioral and neuroinflammatory responses induced by lipopolysaccharide treatment in a mice model of depression. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the antidepressant action of doxycycline are not yet understood. Doxycycline inhibits the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), which increases after stress exposure. Inducible NO synthase (iNOS) inhibition also causes antidepressant-like effects in animal models sensitive to antidepressant-like effects such as the forced swimming test (FST). However, no direct study has yet investigated if the antidepressant-like effects of doxycycline could involve changes in NO-mediated neurotransmission. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating: i) the behavioral effects induced by doxycycline alone or in association with ineffective doses of a NO donor (sodium nitroprusside, SNP) or an iNOS inhibitor (1400 W) in mice subjected to the FST; and ii) doxycycline effects in NO metabolite levels in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus these animals. Male mice (8 weeks) received i.p. injection of saline or doxycycline (10, 30, and 50 mg/kg), alone or combined with SNP (0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg) or 1400 W (1, 3, and 10 µg/kg), and 30 min later were submitted to the FST. Animals were sacrificed immediately after, and NO metabolites nitrate/nitrite (NOx) were measured in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Doxycycline (50 mg/kg) reduced both the immobility time in the FST and NOx levels in the prefrontal cortex of mice compared to the saline group. The antidepressant-like effect of doxycycline in the FST was prevented by SNP (1 mg/kg) pretreatment. Additionally, sub-effective doses of doxycycline (30 mg/kg) associated with 1400 W (1 µg/kg) induced an antidepressant-like effect in the FST. Altogether, our data suggest that the reducing NO levels in the prefrontal cortex through inhibition of iNOS could be related to acute doxycycline treatment resulting in rapid antidepressant-like effects in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Sales
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Sâmia R L Joca
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Elaine Del Bel
- Departament of Basic and Oral Science, Faculty of Odontology of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco S Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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10
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Gusev E, Sarapultsev A. Interplay of G-proteins and Serotonin in the Neuroimmunoinflammatory Model of Chronic Stress and Depression: A Narrative Review. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:180-214. [PMID: 38151838 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128285578231218102020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This narrative review addresses the clinical challenges in stress-related disorders such as depression, focusing on the interplay between neuron-specific and pro-inflammatory mechanisms at the cellular, cerebral, and systemic levels. OBJECTIVE We aim to elucidate the molecular mechanisms linking chronic psychological stress with low-grade neuroinflammation in key brain regions, particularly focusing on the roles of G proteins and serotonin (5-HT) receptors. METHODS This comprehensive review of the literature employs systematic, narrative, and scoping review methodologies, combined with systemic approaches to general pathology. It synthesizes current research on shared signaling pathways involved in stress responses and neuroinflammation, including calcium-dependent mechanisms, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and key transcription factors like NF-κB and p53. The review also focuses on the role of G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptors (GPCRs) in immune and pro-inflammatory responses, with a detailed analysis of how 13 of 14 types of human 5-HT receptors contribute to depression and neuroinflammation. RESULTS The review reveals a complex interaction between neurotransmitter signals and immunoinflammatory responses in stress-related pathologies. It highlights the role of GPCRs and canonical inflammatory mediators in influencing both pathological and physiological processes in nervous tissue. CONCLUSION The proposed Neuroimmunoinflammatory Stress Model (NIIS Model) suggests that proinflammatory signaling pathways, mediated by metabotropic and ionotropic neurotransmitter receptors, are crucial for maintaining neuronal homeostasis. Chronic mental stress can disrupt this balance, leading to increased pro-inflammatory states in the brain and contributing to neuropsychiatric and psychosomatic disorders, including depression. This model integrates traditional theories on depression pathogenesis, offering a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted nature of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Gusev
- Laboratory of Inflammation Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Ekaterinburg 620049, Russia
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
| | - Alexey Sarapultsev
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
- Laboratory of Immunopathophysiology, Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Ekaterinburg 620049, Russia
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11
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Telo S, Baykara S. Evaluation of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine, Malondialdehyde, and Vitamin Levels of Borderline Personality Disorder Patients With and Without Self-Mutilation. Psychiatry Investig 2023; 20:1142-1147. [PMID: 38163653 PMCID: PMC10758325 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2023.0250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Believing that oxidative stress may be increased in borderline personality disorder (BPD) patients with self-mutilating behaviors (SMB), we aimed to measure serum asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in these patients. METHODS The study included 60 patients diagnosed with BPD and 30 healthy controls. BPD patients were divided into two groups: 30 female patients with SMB and 30 female patients with no-self-mutilating behavior (NSMB). ADMA, MDA, vitamin A, and vitamin E levels were analyzed. Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were conducted with the participants. RESULTS Serum ADMA and MDA levels were higher in SMB and NSMB group compared to control group. Serum vitamin E levels were also lower in the SMB group compared to the control group. Positive correlations were determined between both ADMA and MDA, and between BDI and BAI scores. Also, BAI scores were statistically higher in SMB group compared to NSMB group. CONCLUSION It was discovered that levels of ADMA and MDA, which reflected oxidative stress, were elevated in patients with BPD who exhibited SMB. Accordingly, future studies should investigate the role of oxidative stress in a more comprehensive way in terms of the different mechanisms underlying and treatments involved in borderline personality disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selda Telo
- Department of Biochemistry, Firat University, Faculty of Medicine, Elazig, Türkiye
| | - Sema Baykara
- Department of Psychiatry, Firat University, Faculty of Medicine, Elazig, Türkiye
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12
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Xie W, Xing N, Qu J, Liu D, Pang Q. The Physiological Function of nNOS-Associated CAPON Proteins and the Roles of CAPON in Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15808. [PMID: 37958792 PMCID: PMC10647562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, the structure, isoform, and physiological role of the carboxy-terminal PDZ ligand of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (CAPON) are summarized. There are three isoforms of CAPON in humans, including long CAPON protein (CAPON-L), short CAPON protein (CAPON-S), and CAPON-S' protein. CAPON-L includes three functional regions: a C-terminal PDZ-binding motif, carboxypeptidase (CPE)-binding region, and N-terminal phosphotyrosine (PTB) structural domain. Both CAPON-S and CAPON-S' only contain the C-terminal PDZ-binding motif. The C-terminal PDZ-binding motif of CAPON can bind with neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and participates in regulating NO production and neuronal development. An overview is given on the relationship between CAPON and heart diseases, diabetes, psychiatric disorders, and tumors. This review will clarify future research directions on the signal pathways related to CAPON, which will be helpful for studying the regulatory mechanism of CAPON. CAPON may be used as a drug target, which will provide new ideas and solutions for treating human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dongwu Liu
- Anti-Aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China; (W.X.); (N.X.)
| | - Qiuxiang Pang
- Anti-Aging & Regenerative Medicine Research Institution, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China; (W.X.); (N.X.)
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13
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Xu J, Casanave R, Chitre AS, Wang Q, Nguyen KM, Blake C, Wagle M, Cheng R, Polesskaya O, Palmer AA, Guo S. Causal Genetic Loci for a Motivated Behavior Spectrum Harbor Psychiatric Risk Genes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.06.556529. [PMID: 37732200 PMCID: PMC10508786 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.06.556529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Behavioral diversity is critical for population fitness. Individual differences in risk-taking are observed across species, but underlying genetic mechanisms and conservation are largely unknown. We examined dark avoidance in larval zebrafish, a motivated behavior reflecting an approach-avoidance conflict. Brain-wide calcium imaging revealed significant neural activity differences between approach-inclined versus avoidance-inclined individuals. We used a population of ∼6,000 to perform the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) in zebrafish, which identified 34 genomic regions harboring many genes that are involved in synaptic transmission and human psychiatric diseases. We used CRISPR to study several causal genes: serotonin receptor-1b ( htr1b ), nitric oxide synthase-1 ( nos1 ), and stress-induced phosphoprotein-1 ( stip1 ). We further identified 52 conserved elements containing 66 GWAS significant variants. One encoded an exonic regulatory element that influenced tissue-specific nos1 expression. Together, these findings reveal new genetic loci and establish a powerful, scalable animal system to probe mechanisms underlying motivation, a critical dimension of psychiatric diseases.
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14
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Kozlova AA, Rubets E, Vareltzoglou MR, Jarzebska N, Ragavan VN, Chen Y, Martens-Lobenhoffer J, Bode-Böger SM, Gainetdinov RR, Rodionov RN, Bernhardt N. Knock-out of the critical nitric oxide synthase regulator DDAH1 in mice impacts amphetamine sensitivity and dopamine metabolism. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2023; 130:1097-1112. [PMID: 36792833 PMCID: PMC10460711 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02597-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of nitric oxide levels by degrading the main endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). Growing evidence highlight the potential implication of DDAH/ADMA axis in the etiopathogenesis of several neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we sought to investigate the role of DDAH1 in behavioral endophenotypes with neuropsychiatric relevance. To achieve this, a global DDAH1 knock-out (DDAH1-ko) mouse strain was employed. Behavioral testing and brain region-specific neurotransmitter profiling have been conducted to assess the effect of both genotype and sex. DDAH1-ko mice exhibited increased exploratory behavior toward novel objects, altered amphetamine response kinetics and decreased dopamine metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) level in the piriform cortex and striatum. Females of both genotypes showed the most robust amphetamine response. These results support the potential implication of the DDAH/ADMA pathway in central nervous system processes shaping the behavioral outcome. Yet, further experiments are required to complement the picture and define the specific brain-regions and mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena A Kozlova
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elena Rubets
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Center for Vascular Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Magdalini R Vareltzoglou
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Natalia Jarzebska
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Center for Vascular Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vinitha N Ragavan
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Center for Vascular Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yingjie Chen
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | | | - Stefanie M Bode-Böger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Otto-Von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Raul R Gainetdinov
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine and Saint-Petersburg University Hospital, Saint-Petersburg State University, 199034, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Roman N Rodionov
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Center for Vascular Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nadine Bernhardt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
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15
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Zhu LJ, Li F, Zhu DY. nNOS and Neurological, Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A 20-Year Story. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:1439-1453. [PMID: 37074530 PMCID: PMC10113738 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01060-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In the central nervous system, nitric oxide (NO), a free gas with multitudinous bioactivities, is mainly produced from the oxidation of L-arginine by neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). In the past 20 years, the studies in our group and other laboratories have suggested a significant involvement of nNOS in a variety of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. In particular, the interactions between the PDZ domain of nNOS and its adaptor proteins, including post-synaptic density 95, the carboxy-terminal PDZ ligand of nNOS, and the serotonin transporter, significantly influence the subcellular localization and functions of nNOS in the brain. The nNOS-mediated protein-protein interactions provide new attractive targets and guide the discovery of therapeutic drugs for neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we summarize the work on the roles of nNOS and its association with multiple adaptor proteins on neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Ministry of Education, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Dong-Ya Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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16
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Dias MTS, Aguilar EC, Campos GP, do Couto NF, Capettini LDSA, Braga WF, Andrade LDO, Alvarez-Leite J. Butyrate inhibits LPC-induced endothelial dysfunction by regulating nNOS-produced NO and ROS production. Nitric Oxide 2023; 138-139:42-50. [PMID: 37308032 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lipids oxidation is a key risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), the major component of oxidized LDL, is an important triggering agent for endothelial dysfunction and atherogenesis. Sodium butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid, has demonstrated atheroprotective properties. So, we evaluate the role of butyrate in LPC-induced endothelial dysfunction. Vascular response to phenylephrine (Phe) and acetylcholine (Ach) was performed in aortic rings from male mice (C57BL/6J). The aortic rings were incubated with LPC (10 μM) and butyrate (0.01 or 0.1 Mm), with or without TRIM (an nNOS inhibitor). Endothelial cells (EA.hy296) were incubated with LPC and butyrate to evaluate nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, calcium influx, and the expression of total and phosphorylated nNOS and ERK½. We found that butyrate inhibited LPC-induced endothelial dysfunction by improving nNOS activity in aortic rings. In endothelial cells, butyrate reduced ROS production and increased nNOS-related NO release, by improving nNOS activation (phosphorylation at Ser1412). Additionally, butyrate prevented the increase in cytosolic calcium and inhibited ERk½ activation by LPC. In conclusion, butyrate inhibited LPC-induced vascular dysfunction by increasing nNOS-derived NO and reducing ROS production. Butyrate restored nNOS activation, which was associated with calcium handling normalization and reduction of ERK½ activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Tainan Silva Dias
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627 - Campus Pampulha, Cx Post 468, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Edenil Costa Aguilar
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627 - Campus Pampulha, Cx Post 468, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Gianne Paul Campos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627 - Campus Pampulha, Cx Post 468, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Natalia Fernanda do Couto
- Department of Medicine. University of Illinois Chicago, Center of Cardiovascular Research, 909 South Wolcott Avenue, MC801 Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Luciano Dos Santos Aggum Capettini
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627 - Campus Pampulha, Cx Post 468, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Weslley Fernandes Braga
- Icahn School of Medicine. Mount Sinai, Nova Iorque, Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029-5674, USA.
| | - Luciana de Oliveira Andrade
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627 - Campus Pampulha, Cx Post 468, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Jacqueline Alvarez-Leite
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627 - Campus Pampulha, Cx Post 468, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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17
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Hu FX, Hu G, Wang DP, Duan X, Feng L, Chen B, Liu Y, Ding J, Guo C, Yang HB. Integrated Biochip-Electronic System with Single-Atom Nanozyme for in Vivo Analysis of Nitric Oxide. ACS NANO 2023; 17:8575-8585. [PMID: 37084243 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) exhibits a crucial role in various versatile and distinct physiological functions. Hence, its real-time sensing is highly important. Herein, we developed an integrated nanoelectronic system comprising a cobalt single-atom nanozyme (Co-SAE) chip array sensor and an electronic signal processing module (INDCo-SAE) for both in vitro and in vivo multichannel qualifying of NO in normal and tumor-bearing mice. The high atomic utilization and catalytic activity of Co-SAE endowed an ultrawide linear range for NO varying from 36 to 4.1 × 105 nM with a low detection limit of 12 nM. Combining in situ attenuated total reflectance surface enhanced infrared spectroscopy (ATR-SEIRAS) measurements and density function calculation revealed the activating mechanism of Co-SAE toward NO. The NO adsorption on an active Co atom forms *NO, followed by the reaction between *NO and OH-, which could help design relevant nanozymes. Further, we investigated the NO-producing behaviors of various organs of both normal and tumor-bearing mice using the proposed device. We also evaluated the NO yield produced by the wounded mouse using the designed device and found it to be approximately 15 times that of the normal mouse. This study bridges the technical gap between a biosensor and an integrated system for molecular analysis in vitro and in vivo. The as-fabricated integrated wireless nanoelectronic system with multiple test channels significantly improved the detection efficiency, which can be widely used in designing other portable sensing devices with multiplexed analysis capability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dong Ping Wang
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, China
| | - Xinxuan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Linrun Feng
- LinkZill Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | | | | | - Jie Ding
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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18
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Cai CY, Tao Y, Zhou Y, Yang D, Qin C, Bian XL, Xian JY, Cao B, Chang L, Wu HY, Luo CX, Zhu DY. Nos1 + and Nos1 - excitatory neurons in the BLA regulate anxiety- and depression-related behaviors oppositely. J Affect Disord 2023; 333:181-192. [PMID: 37080493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The basolateral amygdala (BLA) neurons are primarily glutamatergic and have been associated with emotion regulation. However, little is known about the roles of BLA neurons expressing neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS, Nos1) in the regulation of emotional behaviors. METHODS Using Nos1-cre mice and chemogenetic and optogenetic manipulations, we specifically silenced or activated Nos1+ or Nos1- neurons in the BLA, or silenced their projections to the anterdorsal bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (adBNST) and ventral hippocampus (vHPC). We measured anxiety behaviors in elevated plus maze (EPM) and open-field test (OFT), and measured depression behaviors in forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST). RESULTS BLA Nos1+ neurons were predominantly glutamatergic, and glutamatergic but not GABAergic Nos1+ neurons were involved in controlling anxiety- and depression-related behaviors. Interestingly, by selectively manipulating the activities of BLA Nos1+ and Nos1- excitatory neurons, we found that they had opposing effects on anxiety- and depression-related behaviors. BLA Nos1+ excitatory neurons projected to the adBNST, this BLA-adBNST circuit controlled the expression of anxiety- and depression-related behaviors, while BLA Nos1- excitatory neurons projected to vHPC, this BLA-vHPC circuit contributed to the expression of anxiety- and depression-related behaviors. Moreover, excitatory vHPC-adBNST circuit antagonized the role of BLA-adBNST circuit in regulating anxiety- and depression-related behaviors. CONCLUSIONS BLA Nos1+ and Nos1- excitatory neuron subpopulations exert different effects on anxiety- and depression-related behaviors through distinct projection circuits, providing a new insight of BLA excitatory neurons in emotional regulation. LIMITATIONS We did not perform retrograde labeling from adBNST and vHPC regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yun Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yan Tao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Di Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Cheng Qin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xin-Lan Bian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jia-Yun Xian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Bo Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Lei Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hai-Yin Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Chun-Xia Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Dong-Ya Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Institution of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou, China.
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Bielecka-Papierz G, Serefko A, Szopa A, Talarek S, Wróbel A, Szewczyk B, Radziwoń-Zaleska M, Kołtun-Jasion M, Poleszak E. The role of the L-arginine-NO-cGMP-dependent pathway in the development of sensitization to mephedrone effects on the locomotor activity in mice. Behav Brain Res 2023; 437:114103. [PMID: 36089098 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Mephedrone, a popular psychostimulating substance widely used illegally in recreational purposes, exerts in rodents that regularly and intermittently were exposed to it a sensitized response to the drug. Behavioral sensitization is one of experimental models of drug dependency/abuse liability. In the present study we evaluated a potential involvement of the L-arginine-NO-cGMP pathway in the development of sensitization to the mephedrone-induced hyperlocomotion. Locomotor activity was measured automatically and experiments were performed on male Albino Swiss mice. We demonstrated that a 5-day administration of 7-nitroindazole (10 or 20 mg/kg/day) and L-NAME (50 mg/kg/day) suppressed the development of sensitization to the mephedrone-induced hyperlocomotion. As for L-arginine (125 or 250 mg/kg/day) and methylene blue (5 or 10 mg/kg/day) the obtained outcomes are inconclusive. Furthermore, the lower dose of L-NAME (25 mg/kg/day) surprisingly potentiated the development of sensitization to the mephedrone-induced effects on the spontaneous locomotor activity in mice. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that modulators of the L-arginine-NO-cGMP pathway may differently affect the development of sensitization to the locomotor stimulant effects of mephedrone. Inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) seems to prevent this process quite profoundly, non-selective inhibition of NOS may have a dual effect, whereas inhibition of soluble guanylate cyclase may only partially suppress the development of sensitization to the mephedrone-induced effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Bielecka-Papierz
- Chair and Department of Applied and Social Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Anna Serefko
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing, Chair and Department of Applied and Social Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Szopa
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing, Chair and Department of Applied and Social Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Sylwia Talarek
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Wróbel
- Second Department of Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Jaczewskiego Street, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Bernadeta Szewczyk
- Department of Neurobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Maria Radziwoń-Zaleska
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, 27 Nowowiejska Street, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kołtun-Jasion
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Poleszak
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing, Chair and Department of Applied and Social Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
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Neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibition accelerated the removal of fluoxetine's anxiogenic activity in an animal model of PTSD. Behav Brain Res 2023; 437:114128. [PMID: 36174841 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
While SSRIs are the current first-line pharmacotherapies against post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), they suffer from delayed onset of efficacy and low remission rates. One solution is to combine SSRIs with other treatments. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) has been shown to play a role in serotonergic signaling, and there is evidence of synergism between nNOS modulation and SSRIs in models of other psychiatric conditions. Therefore, in this study, we combined subchronic fluoxetine (Flx) with 7-nitroindazole (NI), a selective nNOS inhibitor, and evaluated their efficacy against anxiety-related behavior in an animal model of PTSD. We used the underwater trauma model to induce PTSD in rats. Animals underwent the open field (OFT) and elevated plus maze tests on days 14 (baseline) and 21 (post-treatment) after PTSD induction to assess anxiety-related behaviors. Between the two tests, the rats received daily intraperitoneal injections of 10 mg/kg Flx or saline, and were injected intraperitoneally before the second test with either 15 mg/kg NI or saline. The change in behaviors between the two tests was compared between treatment groups. Individual treatment with both Flx and NI had anxiogenic effects in the OFT. These effects were associated with modest increases in cFOS expression in the hippocampus. Combination therapy with Flx + NI did not show any anxiogenic effects, while causing even higher expression levels of cFOS. In conclusion, addition of NI treatment to subchronic Flx therapy accelerated the abrogation of Flx's anxiogenic properties. Furthermore, hippocampal activity, as evidenced by cFOS expression, was biphasically related to anxiety-related behavior.
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Steinert JR, Amal H. The contribution of an imbalanced redox signalling to neurological and neurodegenerative conditions. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 194:71-83. [PMID: 36435368 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide and other redox active molecules such as oxygen free radicals provide essential signalling in diverse neuronal functions, but their excess production and insufficient scavenging induces cytotoxic redox stress which is associated with numerous neurodegenerative and neurological conditions. A further component of redox signalling is mediated by a homeostatic regulation of divalent metal ions, the imbalance of which contributes to neuronal dysfunction. Additional antioxidant molecules such as glutathione and enzymes such as super oxide dismutase are involved in maintaining a physiological redox status within neurons. When cellular processes are perturbed and generation of free radicals overwhelms the antioxidants capacity of the neurons, a resulting redox damage leads to neuronal dysfunction and cell death. Cellular sources for production of redox-active molecules may include NADPH oxidases, mitochondria, cytochrome P450 and nitric oxide (NO)-generating enzymes, such as endothelial, neuronal and inducible NO synthases. Several neurodegenerative and developmental neurological conditions are associated with an imbalanced redox state as a result of neuroinflammatory processes leading to nitrosative and oxidative stress. Ongoing research aims at understanding the causes and consequences of such imbalanced redox homeostasis and its role in neuronal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joern R Steinert
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, School of Life Sciences, Nottingham, NG7 2NR, UK.
| | - Haitham Amal
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Ali HS, Engidawork E. Antidepressant-Like Activity of Solvent Fractions of the Root Bark of Carissa spinarum Linn. (Apocynaceae) in Rodents Involves Multiple Signaling Pathways. J Exp Pharmacol 2022; 14:379-394. [DOI: 10.2147/jep.s386015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Zheng H, Tu R, Chen C, Hu Z. UBIAD1 protects against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation injury via nNOS/NO pathway. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 47:1332-1344. [PMID: 36411684 PMCID: PMC10930366 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2022.220162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cerebral infarction is a subtype of stroke with high incidence and disability rate. Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is the key point of cerebral infarction treatment. UbiA prenyltransferase domain containing 1 (UBIAD1) is a kind of enzyme with various biological functions including electron transport in mitochondrial respiratory chain, lipid metabolism, and oxidative stress which are related to IRI. The purpose of this study aims to determine the neuroprotective effects and the underlying mechanisms of UBIAD1 in cerebral IRI. METHODS We employed oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model in mouse neuroblastoma Neuro2a (N2a) cells to mimic cerebral IRI. Lentivirus vector over-expressed UBIAD1 was transfacted into N2a cells to maintain high and stable expression of UBIAD1. In the first part of the experiment, N2a cells were divided into 5 groups: A non-OGD (N2a cells without exposure to OGD) group, groups of reoxygenation 0, 4, 12 and 24 h after 4 h of OGD, respectively. In the second part of the experiment, N2a cells were divided into 6 groups: A Con (normal cell)+non-OGD group, an EV (cell transfected with empty vector)+non-OGD group, an OE (over-expressed UBIAD1)+non-OGD group, a Con+OGD/R group, an EV+OGD/R group, and an OE+OGD/R group. In the third part, the N2a cells were divided into 8 groups: A Con+non-OGD group, an OE+non-OGD group, a Con+non-OGD+nNOS inhibitior 7-nitroindazole (7-NI) group, an OE+non-OGD+7-NI group, a Con+OGD/R group, an OE+OGD/R group, a Con+OGD/R+7-NI group, and an OE+OGD/R+7-NI group. The morphological changes of Golgi apparatus were observed under the confocal laser scanning microscope. The mRNA and protein levels of UBIAD1, secretory pathway Ca2+-ATPase isoform 1 (SPCA1), and NOS were determined by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Cell apoptosis rate was detected with flow cytometry; cell viability was detected with MTT assay, and NO release was determined with Griess assay. RESULTS Compared with the non-OGD group, the expression levels of UBIAD1 mRNA and protein in N2a cells in the groups of 0, 4, 12 and 24 h reoxygenation after OGD 4 h decreased significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the longer the reoxygenation time, the more significant the reduction of UBIAD1 expression. Compared with the Con+OGD/R group and the EV+OGD/R group, mRNA and protein levels of UBIAD1 and SPCA1 were increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01), the apoptosis rate was decreased (all P<0.01), and the cell viability was increased (all P<0.01) in the OE+OGD/R group. The Golgi fragmentation was less in the OE+OGD/R group than that in the Con+ OGD/R group and the EV+OGD/R group. The mRNA and protein levels of endothelial NOS (eNOS) and neuronal NOS (nNOS) were decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the level of NO was decreased (all P<0.01) in the groups over-expressed UBIAD1 (OE+non-OGD group vs Con+non-OGD group, OE+OGD/R group vs Con+OGD/R group). The level of NO and apoptosis rate of N2a cells were decreased (all P<0.01) in the the groups pretreated with 7-NI (Con+OGD/R+7-NI group vs Con+OGD/R group, OE+OGD/R+7-NI group vs OE+OGD/R group). CONCLUSIONS UBIAD1 may exerts protective effects on OGD/R induced N2a cells by ameliorating Golgi apparatus dysfunction via the nNOS/NO pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
| | - Ranran Tu
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Chunli Chen
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Zhiping Hu
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
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Karayağmurlu E, Elboğa G, Şahin ŞK, Karayağmurlu A, Taysı S, Ulusal H, Altındağ A. Effects of electroconvulsive therapy on nitrosative stress and oxidative DNA damage parameters in patients with a depressive episode. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2022; 26:259-268. [PMID: 35073501 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2021.2019788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have investigated the relationship between electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and markers of nitrosative stress and oxidative DNA damage. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to examine changes in nitrosative stress and oxidative DNA damage in patients with a depressive episode treated with ECT. METHODS The current study included 48 patients with a depressive episode treated with ECT and 30 healthy control participants. First, the serum nitrosative stress markers of nitric oxide (NO•), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and peroxynitrite (ONOO-) and the oxidative DNA damage marker 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were compared between the study and control groups. These parameters were also compared pre- and post-treatment for the study group. RESULTS NO•, NOS, and ONOO- levels were significantly higher in patients with depressive disorder (DD) than in the control group. NO• and NOS levels significantly decreased in the ECT group after treatment while 8-OHdG levels significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS The study findings suggest that ECT may have reduced nitrosative stress levels while increasing oxidative DNA damage. More research is now needed to better understand the issue.KEY POINTSNitrosative stress levels can increase in patients with depressive disorder.Electroconvulsive therapy may reduce nitrosative stress while increasıng oxidative DNA damage.These results suggest that nitrosative stress plays an important role in the mechanism of action of electroconvulsive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Karayağmurlu
- Department of Psychiatry, Haseki Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gülçin Elboğa
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Şengül Kocamer Şahin
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Ali Karayağmurlu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seyithan Taysı
- Department of Biochemisty, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Hasan Ulusal
- Department of Biochemisty, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Abdurrahman Altındağ
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Saulskaya NB, Burmakina MA, Trofimova NA. Effect of Activation and Blockade of Nitrergic Neurotransmission on Serotonin System Activity of the Rat Medial Prefrontal Cortex. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022020181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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26
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Role of the glycoprotein thorns in anxious effects of rabies virus: Evidence from an animal study. Brain Res Bull 2022; 185:107-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Maratha S, Sharma V, Walia V. Possible involvement of NO-sGC-cGMP signaling in the antidepressant like effect of pyridoxine in mice. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:173-183. [PMID: 34739660 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00858-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to determine the antidepressant like effect of pyridoxine in mice. Pyridoxine (12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered to the mice and depression related behavioral and neurochemical alterations were determined. It was observed that pyridoxine (50 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment decreased the immobility period in tail suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST) significantly as compared to control. Pyridoxine (50 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment increased the level of serotonin (5-HT) and decreased the level of nitrite in the brain of mice significantly as compared to control. Pyridoxine thus confer antidepressant like effect by increasing the level of 5-HT and by decreasing the level of nitrite in the brain of mice. Further the influence of nitric oxide (NO)/ soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)/ cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in antidepressant-like effect of pyridoxine was studied. It was observed that the pretreatment of NO donor (i.e. L-Arginine) and cGMP modulator (i.e. sildenafil) counteracted while the pretreatment of NO/sGC inhibitor (i.e. methylene blue) potentiated the effect of pyridoxine in TST and FST. Pretreatment of NO donor did not influence, pretreatment of NO/sGC inhibitor decreased while the pretreatment of cGMP modulator increased the level of brain nitrite in pyridoxine treated mice. Further the pretreatment of NO donor and cGMP modulator decreased while the pretreatment of NO/sGC inhibitor increased the level of brain serotonin in pyridoxine treated mice. Pyridoxine thus exerted antidepressant like effect and NO-sGC-cGMP signaling modulated the antidepressant like effect of pyridoxine in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Maratha
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, India
| | - Vijay Sharma
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, India
| | - Vaibhav Walia
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, India.
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Sun N, You Y, Yang D, Jiang ZX, Xia T, Zhou QG, Zhu DY. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase in dorsal raphe nucleus mediates PTSD-like behaviors induced by single-prolonged stress through inhibiting serotonergic neurons activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 585:139-145. [PMID: 34801934 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) remains largely unclear. A large body of evidence suggests that the abnormal level of serotonin (5-HT) is closely related to the onset of PTSD. Several reports reveal that nitric oxide (NO) affects extracellular 5-HT levels in various brain regions, but no consistent direction of change was found and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. The most of serotonergic neurons in dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), a major source of serotonergic input to the forebrain, co-expresses neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), a synthase derived nitric oxide (NO) in the central nervous system. Here, we found that the excessive expression of nNOS and thereby the high concentration of NO followed by single-prolonged stress (SPS) caused suppression of the activity of DRN 5-HT neurons, inducing PTSD-like phenotype including increased anxiety-like behaviors, enhanced contextual fear memory, and fear generalization. Our study uncovered an important role of DRN nNOS-NO pathway in the pathology of PTSD, which may contribute to new understanding of the molecular mechanism of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Yue You
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Di Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Zhi-Xin Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Tian Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Qi-Gang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Dong-Ya Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Institution of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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Maratha S, Sharma V, Walia V. Antidepressant Like Effect of Ascorbic Acid in Mice: Possible Involvement of NO-sGC-cGMP Signaling. Neurochem Res 2021; 47:967-978. [PMID: 34825298 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03496-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to determine the antidepressant like activity of ascorbic acid (AA) in mice. Further the influence of NO-sGC-cGMP signaling in the antidepressant like effect of AA in mice was determined. Male swiss albino mice were used in the present study. Mice in the control group received saline and fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) was used as the standard antidepressant drug. AA (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered to the mice and depression related behavior were determined using tail suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST). Further the whole brain nitrite and serotonin levels were also determined. It was observed that the administration of AA (100 mg/kg, i.p.) reversed the depression like behavior in mice in TST and FST. AA (100 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment decreased the level of nitrite and increased the level of serotonin in the brain of mice significantly as compared to control. Further the behavioral and neurochemical effect of AA (50 mg/kg, i.p) was studied in NO modulator [NO donor: L-Arginine (50 mg/kg, i.p); NO-sGC inhibitor: methylene blue (1 mg/kg, i.p.) and cGMP modulator: sildenafil (1 mg/kg, i.p.)] pretreated mice. It was observed that the pretreatment of NO donor and cGMP modulator counteracted the effect conferred by AA (50 mg/kg, i.p). While the pretreatment of NO-sGC inhibitor potentiated the effect conferred by AA (50 mg/kg, i.p). The present study suggested that the AA confer antidepressant like effect in mice and NO-sGC-cGMP signaling pathway influence the antidepressant like effect of AA in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Maratha
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, India
| | - Vijay Sharma
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, India
| | - Vaibhav Walia
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, India.
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Malard E, Valable S, Bernaudin M, Pérès E, Chatre L. The Reactive Species Interactome in the Brain. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:1176-1206. [PMID: 34498917 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Redox pioneer Helmut Sies attempted to explain reactive species' challenges faced by organelles, cells, tissues, and organs via three complementary definitions: (i) oxidative stress, that is, the disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant defense balance in favor of the prooxidants; (ii) oxidative eustress, the low physiological exposure to prooxidants; and (iii) oxidative distress, the supraphysiological exposure to prooxidants. Recent Advances: Identification, concentration, and interactions are the most important elements to improve our understanding of reactive species in physiology and pathology. In this context, the reactive species interactome (RSI) is a new multilevel redox regulatory system that identifies reactive species families, reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and reactive sulfur species, and it integrates their interactions with their downstream biological targets. Critical Issues: We propose a united view to fully combine reactive species identification, oxidative eustress and distress, and the RSI system. In this view, we also propose including the forgotten reactive carbonyl species, an increasingly rediscovered reactive species family related to the other reactive families, and key enzymes within the RSI. We focus on brain physiology and pathology to demonstrate why this united view should be considered. Future Directions: More studies are needed for an improved understanding of the contributions of reactive species through their identification, concentration, and interactions, including in the brain. Appreciating the RSI in its entirety should unveil new molecular players and mechanisms in physiology and pathology in the brain and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Malard
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Samuel Valable
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Myriam Bernaudin
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Elodie Pérès
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Laurent Chatre
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
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Xu H, Zhong Y, Yuan S, Wu Y, Ma Z, Hao Z, Ding H, Wu H, Liu G, Pang M, Liu N, Wang C, Zhang N. Nitric Oxide Synthase Type 1 Methylation Is Associated With White Matter Microstructure in the Corpus Callosum and Greater Panic Disorder Severity Among Panic Disorder Patients. Front Neurol 2021; 12:755270. [PMID: 34733233 PMCID: PMC8559336 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.755270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Methylation of the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1/nNOS) gene has recently been identified as a promising biomarker of psychiatric disorders. NOS1 plays an essential role in neurite outgrowth and may thus affect the microstructure development of white matter (WM) in the corpus callosum (CC), which is known to be altered in panic disorder (PD). We examined the relationship between NOS1 methylation, WM tracts in the CC, and symptoms based on this finding. Methods: Thirty-two patients with PD and 22 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited after age, gender, and the education level were matched. The cell type used was whole-blood DNA, and DNA methylation of NOS1 was measured at 20 CpG sites in the promoter region. Although 25 patients with PD were assessed with the Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans were only collected from 16 participants with PD. Results: We observed that the PD group showed lower methylation than did the HCs group and positive correlations between the symptom severity of PD and methylation at CpG4 and CpG9. In addition, CpG9 methylation was significantly correlated with the fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) values of the CC and its major components (the genu and the splenium) in the PD group. Furthermore, path analyses showed that CpG9 methylation offers a mediating effect for the association between the MD values of the genu of the CC and PD symptom severity (95% CI = −1.731 to −0.034). Conclusions: The results suggest that CpG9 methylation leads to atypical development of the genu of the CC, resulting in higher PD symptom severity, adding support for the methylation of NOS1 as a future prognostic indicator of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huazhen Xu
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Zhong
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiting Yuan
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Wu
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zijuan Ma
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyu Hao
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huachen Ding
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiqing Wu
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Manlong Pang
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Liu
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.,Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Saulskaya NB, Burmakina MA, Trofimova NA. Nitric Oxide Inhibits the Functional Activation of the Medial Prefrontal Cortex Serotonin System during Fear Formation and Decreases Fear Generalization. NEUROCHEM J+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712421030107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Biney RP, Benneh CK, Adongo DW, Ameyaw EO, Woode E. Evidence of an antidepressant-like effect of xylopic acid mediated by serotonergic mechanisms. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:2105-2120. [PMID: 33837810 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05835-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression causes significant debilitating symptoms and economic burden. Current management is challenged by slow onset of action and modest efficacies of antidepressants; thus, the search for newer antidepressants remains relevant. We evaluated the antidepressant effects of a kaurene diterpene, xylopic acid (XA), in zebrafish and mouse models. METHODS The chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) protocol in zebrafish and the tail suspension test (TST), forced swim test (FST), lipopolysaccharide-induced depression-like behaviour test (LID) and repeated open space swimming test (OSST) in mice were used. We further examined the impact of depleting monoamines on XA's antidepressant effects. The contribution of glutamatergic and nitrergic pathways on the antidepressant effect of XA in mice and XA's effects on 5-HT receptors and monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzymes were also evaluated. Finally, XA's influence on neuroprotection was evaluated by measuring BDNF and oxidative stress enzymes in whole brain. XA doses (1-10 μM) in zebrafish and (10, 30, 100 mg kg-1) in mice exerted potent antidepressant-like potential in FST, TST, LID and showed fast-onset antidepressant-like property in the OSST. RESULTS The antidepressant-like properties in mice were reversed by blocking synthesis/release of serotonin but not noradrenaline using p-chlorophenylalanine and α-methyl-p-tyrosine, respectively. This antidepressant-like effect was potentiated by D-cycloserine and Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) but not by D-serine and L-arginine. XA also evoked partial agonist-like effects on 5-hydroxytrptamine receptors on the rat fundus but it did not have MAO inhibition effect. It also increased BDNF, glutathione and antioxidant enzymes. CONCLUSION Therefore, xylopic acid possesses antidepressant-like effects largely mediated by serotonergic and neuroprotective mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Peter Biney
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
| | - Charles Kwaku Benneh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Donatus Wewura Adongo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Elvis Ofori Ameyaw
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Eric Woode
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Ijomone OM, Aluko OM, Okoh COA, Ebokaiwe AP. N ω-nitro-L-arginine, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, attenuates nickel-induced neurotoxicity. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 45:2202-2211. [PMID: 34013798 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1917382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The various mediums of exposure to nickel (Ni) compounds have raised enormous public health concerns, as it has been illustrated to exert toxic effects in biological organs, including the brain. We have previously implicated the involvement of elevated nitric oxide (NO) in Ni-induced oxidative stress in the brain. Hence, the present study investigated the ameliorative potential of Nω-nitro-L-arginine (L-NA), a NO synthase inhibitor, following Ni-induced neurotoxicity. Adult male rats were divided into four groups; control (normal saline), 10 mg/kg Ni chloride (NiCl2) only, 1 mg/kg L-NA, or 2 mg/kg L-NA co-administered with NiCl2. The administration was via daily intraperitoneal injections for three weeks. Neurobehavioural assessments performed thereafter ascertained short-term spatial memory and anxiety. Furthermore, histological evaluations of the cortex, hippocampus, and striatum were carried out using routine hematoxylin and eosin technique, while the phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin method was used to express the degree of astrogliosis. Biochemical analysis of NO levels was examined along with other oxidative stress markers (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, glutathione S transferase, glutathione peroxidase, myeloperoxidase, and lipid peroxidation). The results illustrated altered behavioral responses, a higher population of degenerating neurons, and astrocytes in the NiCl2 group. There was also an elevation in the NO level and a corresponding reduction in antioxidant activities. However, these debilitating changes were ameliorated in the L-NA treated groups. These results demonstrate an association between alterations in NO synthesis pathway and Ni neurotoxicity, which may render neuronal cells susceptible to damage by oxidative stress. This may yet be another mechanism and useful therapeutic marker in deciphering Ni-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omamuyovwi M Ijomone
- The Neuro-Lab, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.,Department of Human Anatomy, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Oritoke M Aluko
- The Neuro-Lab, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.,Department of Physiology, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Comfort O A Okoh
- The Neuro-Lab, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Azubuike P Ebokaiwe
- Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
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Panayotis N, Freund PA, Marvaldi L, Shalit T, Brandis A, Mehlman T, Tsoory MM, Fainzilber M. β-sitosterol reduces anxiety and synergizes with established anxiolytic drugs in mice. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100281. [PMID: 34095883 PMCID: PMC8149471 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety and stress-related conditions represent a significant health burden in modern society. Unfortunately, most anxiolytic drugs are prone to side effects, limiting their long-term usage. Here, we employ a bioinformatics screen to identify drugs for repurposing as anxiolytics. Comparison of drug-induced gene-expression profiles with the hippocampal transcriptome of an importin α5 mutant mouse model with reduced anxiety identifies the hypocholesterolemic agent β-sitosterol as a promising candidate. β-sitosterol activity is validated by both intraperitoneal and oral application in mice, revealing it as the only clear anxiolytic from five closely related phytosterols. β-sitosterol injection reduces the effects of restraint stress, contextual fear memory, and c-Fos activation in the prefrontal cortex and dentate gyrus. Moreover, synergistic anxiolysis is observed when combining sub-efficacious doses of β-sitosterol with the SSRI fluoxetine. These preclinical findings support further development of β-sitosterol, either as a standalone anxiolytic or in combination with low-dose SSRIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Panayotis
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Philip A. Freund
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Letizia Marvaldi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tali Shalit
- Ilana and Pascal Mantoux Institute for Bioinformatics, The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alexander Brandis
- Life Science Core Facility, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tevie Mehlman
- Life Science Core Facility, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michael M. Tsoory
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mike Fainzilber
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Martorell M, Lucas X, Alarcón-Zapata P, Capó X, Quetglas-Llabrés MM, Tejada S, Sureda A. Targeting Xanthine Oxidase by Natural Products as a Therapeutic Approach for Mental Disorders. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:367-382. [PMID: 32564744 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200621165839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mental disorders comprise diverse human pathologies, including depression, bipolar affective disorder, schizophrenia, and dementia that affect millions of people around the world. The causes of mental disorders are unclear, but growing evidence suggests that oxidative stress and the purine/adenosine system play a key role in their development and progression. Xanthine oxidase (XO) is a flavoprotein enzyme essential for the catalysis of the oxidative hydroxylation of purines -hypoxanthine and xanthine- to generate uric acid. As a consequence of the oxidative reaction of XO, reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide are produced and, further, contribute to the pathogenesis of mental disorders. Altered XO activity has been associated with free radical-mediated neurotoxicity inducing cell damage and inflammation. Diverse studies reported a direct association between an increased activity of XO and diverse mental diseases including depression or schizophrenia. Small-molecule inhibitors, such as the well-known allopurinol, and dietary flavonoids, can modulate the XO activity and subsequent ROS production. In the present work, we review the available literature on XO inhibition by small molecules and their potential therapeutic application in mental disorders. In addition, we discuss the chemistry and molecular mechanism of XO inhibitors, as well as the use of structure-based and computational methods to design specific inhibitors with the capability of modulating XO activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepcion, 4070386 Concepcion, Chile
| | - Xavier Lucas
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Basel CH-4070, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Alarcón-Zapata
- Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, 4070386 Concepcion, Chile
| | - Xavier Capó
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands & Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), E-07122, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Maria Magdalena Quetglas-Llabrés
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Biology, University of Balearic Islands & Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), E-07122, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Silvia Tejada
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Biology, University of Balearic Islands & Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), E-07122, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands & Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), E-07122, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
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Kwon CY, Lee B, Kim SH. Efficacy and Underlying Mechanism of Acupuncture in the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review of Animal Studies. J Clin Med 2021; 10:1575. [PMID: 33917977 PMCID: PMC8068330 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Acupuncture is a nonpharmacological intervention that can be useful in the clinical management of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), especially in situations with a lack of medical resources, including large-scale PTSD events such as disasters. Some clinical studies have reported the clinical effect of acupuncture in improving PTSD symptoms, but the underlying therapeutic mechanism has yet to be explored. Therefore, this review summarized the underlying therapeutic mechanisms of acupuncture in animal PTSD models. A comprehensive search was conducted in 14 electronic databases, and two independent researchers performed study selection, data extraction, and the methodological quality assessment. Twenty-four relevant studies were included in this review and summarized according to the proposed main mechanisms. In behavioral evaluation, acupuncture, including manual acupuncture and electro-acupuncture, reduced anxiety and fear responses and weakened fear conditioning, improved sleep architecture, reduced depressive symptoms, and alleviated disturbance of spatial learning and memory of PTSD animal models. The therapeutic mechanisms of acupuncture proposed in the included studies could be classified into two categories: (1) regulation of stress responses in the neuroendocrine system and (2) promotion of neuroprotection, neurogenesis, and synaptic plasticity in several brain areas. However, the methodological quality of the included animal studies was not high enough to produce robust evidence. In addition, mechanistic studies on specific aspects of acupuncture that may affect PTSD, including expectancy effects, in human PTSD subjects are also needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Young Kwon
- Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, Dong-Eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea;
| | - Boram Lee
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea;
| | - Sang-Ho Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry of Korean Medicine, Pohang Korean Medicine Hospital, Daegu Haany University, 411 Saecheonnyeon-daero, Nam-gu, Pohang-si 790-826, Korea
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George M, Solanki A, Mohanty P, Dhangar S, Rajendran A, Mohan S, Vundinti BR. Nitric oxide synthase-2 (NOS2) gene polymorphism c.1832C>T (Ser608Leu) associated with nitrosative stress in Fanconi anaemia. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:2519-2525. [PMID: 33778919 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06293-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) occurs due to genomic instability with predisposition to bone marrow failure, phenotypic abnormalities and cancers. Though mutations in 22 genes leading to DNA repair defect have been identified, the cellular factor such as oxidative stress has also shown to be associated with FA. Nitrosative Stress (NS) is biochemically correlated to many oxidative stress related disorders and the NS as a pathological hallmark in FA has been so far overlooked. We carried out the study first time in Indian patients with FA with an objective to understand the role of NS in the pathogenesis of FA. The study was carried out in 70 FA subjects. The FA subjects were diagnosed by chromosomal breakage analysis. Molecular study was carried out by Next Generation Sequencing and Sanger sequencing. The 3-nitrotyrosine [3-NT] levels were estimated through enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) and the nitric oxide synthase genes- NOS1 (c.-420-34221G>A (rs1879417), c.-420-10205C>T (rs499776), c.4286+720G>C (rs81631)) and NOS2 (c.1823C>T (p. Ser608Leu) (rs2297518)) polymorphism were studied by direct sequencing. Chromosomal breakage analysis revealed a high frequency of chromosomal breaks (Mean chromosomal breakage-4.13 ± 1.5 breaks/metaphase) in 70 FA patients as compared to the control. Molecular studies revealed FANCA (58.34%), FANCG (18.34%) and FANCL (16.6%) complementation groups. The 3-nitrotyrosine [3-NT] levels showed to be significantly (p < 0.05) elevated in FA subjects when compared to the age match controls. Genotyping of the NOS2 gene c.1823C>T (p. Ser608Leu) (rs2297518), showed statistically significant (P < 0.05) association with FA. Elevated level of 3-NT is one of the cause of NS and NOS2 gene polymorphism associated with FA is an important target in the treatment regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merin George
- Department of Cytogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohematology, K. E. M. Hospital Campus, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Avani Solanki
- Department of Cytogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohematology, K. E. M. Hospital Campus, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Purvi Mohanty
- Department of Cytogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohematology, K. E. M. Hospital Campus, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Somprakash Dhangar
- Department of Cytogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohematology, K. E. M. Hospital Campus, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aruna Rajendran
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children, Chennai, India
| | - Sheila Mohan
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, Oncology, Apollo Speciality Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Babu Rao Vundinti
- Department of Cytogenetics, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohematology, K. E. M. Hospital Campus, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012, Maharashtra, India.
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Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase in Nucleus Accumbens Specifically Mediates Susceptibility to Social Defeat Stress through Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5. J Neurosci 2021; 41:2523-2539. [PMID: 33500273 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0422-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress-induced depression is common worldwide. NAc, a "reward" center, is recently reported to be critical to confer the susceptibility to chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) and the depression-related outcome. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been well characterized. In this study, we induced depression-like behaviors with CSDS and chronic mild stress in male mice to mimic social and environmental factors, respectively, and observed animal behaviors with social interaction test, tail suspension test, and sucrose preference test. To determine the role of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and its product nitric oxide (NO), we used brain region-specifically nNOS overexpression and stereotaxic injection of NO inhibitor or donor. Moreover, the downstream molecular cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) was explored by conditional KO and gene mutation. We demonstrate that nNOS-implicated mechanisms in NAc shell (NAcSh), including increased cell number, increased protein expression levels, and increased specific enzyme activity, contribute the susceptibility to social defeat and the following depression-like behaviors. NAcSh nNOS does not directly respond to chronic mild stress but facilitates the depression-like behaviors. The increased NAcSh nNOS expression after CSDS leads to the social avoidance and depression-like behaviors in defeated mice, which is dependent on the nNOS enzyme activity and NO production. Moreover, we identify the downstream signal in NAcSh. S-nitrosylation of CDK5 by NO contributes to enhanced CDK5 activity, leading to depression-related behaviors in susceptible mice. Therefore, NAcSh nNOS mediates susceptibility to social defeat stress and the depression-like behaviors through CDK5.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Stress-induced depression is common worldwide, and chronic exposure to social and psychological stressors is important cause of human depression. Our study conducted with chronic social defeat stress mice models demonstrates that nNOS in NAcSh is crucial to regulate the susceptibility to social defeat stress and the following depression-like behaviors, indicating NAcSh nNOS as the responding molecule to social factors of depression. Moreover, we discover the downstream mechanism of NAcSh nNOS in mediating the susceptibility is NO and S-nitrosylation of CDK5. Thus, NAcSh nNOS mediates susceptibility to social defeat stress through CDK5 is a potential mechanism for depression, which may interpret how the brain transduces social stress exposure into depression.
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40
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Crosstalk among Calcium ATPases: PMCA, SERCA and SPCA in Mental Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062785. [PMID: 33801794 PMCID: PMC8000800 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium in mammalian neurons is essential for developmental processes, neurotransmitter release, apoptosis, and signal transduction. Incorrectly processed Ca2+ signal is well-known to trigger a cascade of events leading to altered response to variety of stimuli and persistent accumulation of pathological changes at the molecular level. To counterbalance potentially detrimental consequences of Ca2+, neurons are equipped with sophisticated mechanisms that function to keep its concentration in a tightly regulated range. Calcium pumps belonging to the P-type family of ATPases: plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA), sarco/endoplasmic Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) and secretory pathway Ca2+-ATPase (SPCA) are considered efficient line of defense against abnormal Ca2+ rises. However, their role is not limited only to Ca2+ transport, as they present tissue-specific functionality and unique sensitive to the regulation by the main calcium signal decoding protein—calmodulin (CaM). Based on the available literature, in this review we analyze the contribution of these three types of Ca2+-ATPases to neuropathology, with a special emphasis on mental diseases.
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41
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Richards LA, Schonhoff CM. Nitric oxide and sex differences in dendritic branching and arborization. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:1390-1400. [PMID: 33538046 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule with many functions in the nervous system. Derived from the enzymatic conversion of arginine by several nitric oxide synthases (NOS), NO plays significant roles in neuronal developmental events such as the establishment of dendritic branching or arbors. A brief summary of the discovery, molecular biology, and chemistry of NO, and a description of important NO-mediated signal transduction pathways with emphasis on the role for NO in the development of dendritic branching during neurodevelopment are presented. Important sex differences in neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression during neuronal development are considered. Finally, a survey of endogenous and exogenous substances that disrupt dendritic patterning is presented with particular emphasis on how these molecules may drive NO-mediated sex differences in dendritic branching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Richards
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | - Christopher M Schonhoff
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA
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Gu Y, Zhu D. nNOS-mediated protein-protein interactions: promising targets for treating neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. J Biomed Res 2020; 35:1-10. [PMID: 33402546 PMCID: PMC7874267 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.34.20200108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders are one of the leading causes of disability worldwide and affect the health of billions of people. Nitric oxide (NO), a free gas with multitudinous bioactivities, is mainly produced from the oxidation of L-arginine by neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the brain. Inhibiting nNOS benefits a variety of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, including stroke, depression and anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, chronic pain, and drug addiction. Due to critical roles of nNOS in learning and memory and synaptic plasticity, direct inhibition of nNOS may cause severe side effects. Importantly, interactions of several proteins, including post-synaptic density 95 (PSD-95), carboxy-terminal PDZ ligand of nNOS (CAPON) and serotonin transporter (SERT), with the PSD/Disc-large/ZO-1 homologous (PDZ) domain of nNOS have been demonstrated to influence the subcellular distribution and activity of the enzyme in the brain. Therefore, it will be a preferable means to interfere with nNOS-mediated protein-protein interactions (PPIs), which do not lead to undesirable effects. Herein, we summarize the current literatures on nNOS-mediated PPIs involved in neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, and the discovery of drugs targeting the PPIs, which is expected to provide potential targets for developing novel drugs and new strategy for the treatment of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Dongya Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.,Institution of Stem Cell and Neuroregeneration, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
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43
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Park DI, Novak B, Yan Y, Kaya ME, Turck CW. Paroxetine binding and activation of phosphofructokinase implicates energy metabolism in antidepressant mode of action. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 129:8-14. [PMID: 32540574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the predominant drugs prescribed for Major Depressive Disorder. The immediate pharmacological target of SSRIs is the serotonin transporter. However, the delayed therapeutic effect and high rate of patient non-response make it highly likely that SSRIs also have other molecular targets that are yet to be identified. Cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) is a method based on thermal stabilization of target proteins upon drug binding. In the present study, we show that the SSRI paroxetine binds to phosphofructokinase (PFK) protein using CETSA. We found that mouse brain PFK and recombinant human PFK proteins are stabilized by paroxetine incubation. Chronic paroxetine treatment also significantly increased mouse brain PFK thermal stability. Paroxetine significantly elevated in vitro and in vivo PFK activity. Levels of several metabolites in glutamate- and energy metabolism-related pathways are significantly correlated with PFK activity in mouse hippocampus. Our data show that paroxetine can bind to PFK and affect its activity. Implications of these results for the antidepressant mode of action of paroxetine are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ik Park
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany; Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Danish National Research Foundation Center, PROMEMO, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Božidar Novak
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Yu Yan
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Melahat Ezgi Kaya
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph W Turck
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany
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Wang X, Gao C, Zhang Y, Xu J, Fang Q, Gou L, Yang Z, Mei D, Liu L, Li L, Liu J, Zhang H, Song Y. Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Knockdown Within Basolateral Amygdala Induces Autistic-Related Phenotypes and Decreases Excitatory Synaptic Transmission in Mice. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:886. [PMID: 32982674 PMCID: PMC7488195 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by deficits in communication, impaired social interaction, and repetitive or restricted interests and behaviors. We have recently shown that neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) expression was reduced in the basolateral amygdala of mice after postnatal valproic acid exposure. However, the specific role of nNOS downregulation in mice remains to be elucidated. Herein, we investigated the behavioral alternations of naive mice with a recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-mediated knockdown of nNOS in a comprehensive test battery, including the social interaction, marble burying, self-grooming, and open field tests. Further, the electrophysiological and surface expression changes induced by nNOS deficiency of the basolateral amygdala in these animals were examined. Our results show that nNOS knockdown displayed typical symptoms of ASD-like behaviors, such as reduced social interaction and communication, elevated stereotypes, and anxiety in mice. Surprisingly, we found that nNOS knockdown exhibited greatly reduced excitatory synaptic transmission concomitant with the lower surface expression of GluN2B-containing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and postsynaptic density protein 95 in mice. These findings support a notion that dysregulation of nNOS might contribute to ASD-associated phenotypes, with disease pathogenesis most likely resulting from deficits in excitatory synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Henan Neurodevelopment Engineering Research Center for Children, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaodong Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Henan Neurodevelopment Engineering Research Center for Children, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinxiu Xu
- School of Basic Medicine, Sanquan Medical College, Xinxiang, China
| | - Quanfeng Fang
- Healthcare Department, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lingshan Gou
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Xuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Yang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Daoqi Mei
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Leiming Liu
- Department of Medical Assistance, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Linfei Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Henan Neurodevelopment Engineering Research Center for Children, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Henan Neurodevelopment Engineering Research Center for Children, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huichun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yinsen Song
- People's Hospital Affiliated to Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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45
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Rapid membrane effect of estrogens on stimulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 117:104680. [PMID: 32387876 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Classic nuclear-initiated estrogen signaling stimulates corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) gene expression as a transcription factor. However, the possible mechanism by which membrane-initiated estrogen signaling (MIES) influences CRH expression remains unclear. There are indications that MIES may upregulate nitric oxide (NO) production through the phosphatidylinositol 3-hydroxy kinase (PI3K) and potentially through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. OBJECTIVES We investigated the effect of MIES-mediated kinase pathways on CRH expression with or without NO synthesis. METHOD In SK-N-SH cell culture, estradiol-bovine serum albumin (E2-BSA) was used as the specific membrane estrogen receptor activator, with a specific NO donor, and/or inhibitors for NO synthase (NOS), PI3K, MAPK, protein kinase A (PKA), and protein kinase C (PKC). RESULTS E2-BSA significantly increased NO and CRH levels in the medium and NOS1-mRNA levels in the cells. In addition, NO donor up-regulated CRH expression, while NOS-inhibitor down-regulated it. When the inhibitor of MAPK and/or the inhibitor of PI3K was added to the medium, only the latter appeared to significantly block the stimulating effect of E2-BSA on NO synthesis, and this was accompanied by an increased CRH expression in the medium. We further studied the effect of the MIES-PKC-mediated pathway on CRH expression, with or without NOS-inhibitor, while the MIES-PKA(-PI3K) pathway served as a control. We found that MIES-PKC upregulated CRH expression independent of NO synthesis. CONCLUSION MIES can efficiently upregulate CRH expression via various intracellular kinase pathways and may thus be a crucial component in the stress response.
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Tripathi MK, Kartawy M, Amal H. The role of nitric oxide in brain disorders: Autism spectrum disorder and other psychiatric, neurological, and neurodegenerative disorders. Redox Biol 2020; 34:101567. [PMID: 32464501 PMCID: PMC7256645 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a multifunctional signalling molecule and a neurotransmitter that plays an important role in physiological and pathophysiological processes. In physiological conditions, NO regulates cell survival, differentiation and proliferation of neurons. It also regulates synaptic activity, plasticity and vesicle trafficking. NO affects cellular signalling through protein S-nitrosylation, the NO-mediated posttranslational modification of cysteine thiols (SNO). SNO can affect protein activity, protein-protein interaction and protein localization. Numerous studies have shown that excessive NO and SNO can lead to nitrosative stress in the nervous system, contributing to neuropathology. In this review, we summarize the role of NO and SNO in the progression of neurodevelopmental, psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, with special attention to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We provide mechanistic insights into the contribution of NO in diverse brain disorders. Finally, we suggest that pharmacological agents that can inhibit or augment the production of NO as well as new approaches to modulate the formation of SNO-proteins can serve as a promising approach for the treatment of diverse brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar Tripathi
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Maryam Kartawy
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Haitham Amal
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Characterising lipoteichoic acid as an in vitro model of acute neuroinflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 85:106619. [PMID: 32485352 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is a primary sensor for pathogens, including those derived from gram-positive bacteria. It can also mediate the effects of endogenous inflammatory signals such as β-amyloid peptide (Aβ), thus promoting the microglial activation and subsequent neuronal dysfunction, characteristic of chronic neuroinflammatory conditions. More recently, a role for TLR2 has been proposed in the pathogenesis of disorders associated with acute inflammation, including anxiety and depression. The current study aims to characterise the acute effects of the TLR2 agonist lipoteichoic acid (LTA) on microglial activation and neuronal integrity, and to evaluate the influence of LTA exposure on sensitivity to the inflammation and neuronal dysfunction associated with Aβ. Using BV2 and N2a cells as an in vitro model, we highlight that acute exposure to LTA robustly promotes inflammatory cytokine and nitric oxide (NO) production in microglia but also in neurons, similar to that reported under longer-term and chronic inflammatory conditions. Moreover, we find that exposure to LTA can enhance sensitivity to subthreshold Aβ, promoting an 'M1'-like phenotype in microglia and provoking dysregulation of neuronal activity in acute hippocampal slices. Anti-inflammatory agents, including mimetics of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), have proven effective at alleviating chronic neuroinflammatory complications. We further examined the effects of 7,8,3-trihydroxyflavone (7,8,3-THF), a small-molecule TrkB agonist, on LTA-induced microglial activation. We report that 7,8,3-THF can significantly ameliorate interleukin (IL)-6 and NO production in LTA-stimulated BV2 cells. Taken together, our findings offer support for exploration of TLR2 as a potential target for therapeutic intervention into acute neuroinflammatory conditions. Moreover we propose that exposure to gram-positive bacterial pathogens may promote sensitivity to the inflammatory changes characteristic of the aged brain.
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Zhu LJ, Shi HJ, Chang L, Zhang CC, Si M, Li N, Zhu DY. nNOS-CAPON blockers produce anxiolytic effects by promoting synaptogenesis in chronic stress-induced animal models of anxiety. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:3674-3690. [PMID: 32343840 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Anxiety disorder is a common mental health disorder. However, there are few safe and fast-acting anxiolytic drugs available that can treat anxiety disorder. We previously demonstrated that the interaction of neuronal NOS (nNOS) with its carboxy-terminal PDZ ligand (CAPON) is involved in regulating anxiety-related behaviours. Here, we further investigated the anxiolytic effects of nNOS-CAPON disruptors in chronic stress-induced anxiety in animals. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Mice were intravenously treated with nNOS-CAPON disruptors, ZLc-002 or Tat-CAPON12C, at the last week of chronic mild stress (CMS) exposure. We also infused corticosterone (CORT) into the hippocampus of mice to model anxiety behaviours and also delivered ZLc-002 or Tat-CAPON12C on the last week of chronic CORT treatment via pre-implanted cannula. Anxiety-related behaviours were examined using elevated plus maze, open field, novelty-suppressed feeding and light-dark (LD) tests. The level of nNOS-CAPON interaction was determined by co-immunoprecipitation (CO-IP) and proximity ligation assay (PLA). The neural mechanisms underlying the behavioural effects of nNOS-CAPON uncoupling in anxiety animal models were assessed by western blot, immunofluorescence and Golgi-Cox staining. KEY RESULTS ZLc-002 and Tat-CAPON12C reversed CMS- or CORT-induced anxiety-related behaviours. ZLc-002 and Tat-CAPON12C increased synaptogenesis along with improved dendritic remodelling in CMS mice or CORT-treated cultured neurons. Meanwhile, blocking nNOS-CAPON interaction significantly activated the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)-brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) pathway, which is associated with synaptic plasticity. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Collectively, these results provide evidence for the anxiolytic effects of nNOS-CAPON uncouplers and their underlying mechanisms in anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hu-Jiang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Cheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Si
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dong-Ya Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Ebrahimi-Ghiri M, Mohammadi-Mahdiabadi-Hasani MH, Nasehi M, Zarrindast MR. Better antidepressant efficacy of mecamylamine in combination with L-NAME than with L-arginine. Behav Brain Res 2020; 386:112604. [PMID: 32198105 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aff ;ective disorders, including anxiety and mood disorders, are a constellation of psychiatric diseases that aff ;ect over 10 % of the world's population. It has been proposed that drugs that change nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) activity can affect mood- and anxiety-related behaviors. Also, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) is closely associated with the pathophysiology of these disorders. To limit the potential adverse effects of alteration in cholinergic and nitric oxide (NO) systems, we investigated the combined efficacy of subthreshold doses of nAChR antagonist mecamylamine and NO ligands (L-arginine as agonist and l-NAME as an antagonist) on depression- and anxiety-related behaviors in male NMRI mice. Depression-related behaviors using the forced swim test (FST) and anxiety-like activity using the hole-board test were assessed. In our results, mecamylamine (3 mg/kg) showed antidepressant-like properties, and it also tended to have anxiolytic-like effects, though not significant. Concomitant treatment of subthreshold doses of mecamylamine (1 mg/kg) and l-arginine (25 mg/kg), l-NAME (1 mg/kg), or l-arginine/L-NAME were antidepressive. In contrast, l-arginine/L-NAME alone or in associated with mecamylamine showed anxiogenic-like efficacy. Isobolographic analysis exhibited an additive antidepressant effect of the combined subthreshold doses of mecamylamine and l-arginine, and a synergistic antidepressant effect of the combined subthreshold doses of mecamylamine and l-NAME. It should be noted that mecamylamine (3 mg/kg) elicited hypolocomotion. Our results suggest that mecamylamine produces a better antidepressant efficacy in combination with l-NAME than with l-arginine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohammad Nasehi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences, Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran; Department of Neuroendocrinology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Acupuncture at Gastric Back-Shu and Front-Mu Acupoints Enhances Gastric Motility via the Inhibition of the Glutamatergic System in the Hippocampus. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:3524641. [PMID: 32215036 PMCID: PMC7085822 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3524641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acupuncture strongly alleviates gastrointestinal symptoms and especially promotes gastrointestinal motility. However, the mechanism underlying these processes is poorly understood. This study was designed to examine the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at gastric back-shu (BL21) and front-mu (RN12) acupoints on gastric motility in functional dyspepsia (FD) rats and to investigate the mechanisms of its effects on the glutamatergic system in the hippocampus. We found that EA at RN12 or BL21 enhanced gastric motility in FD rats, whereas EA at the combination of RN12 and BL21 showed an additional effect. Microdialysis combined with HPLC showed that EA reduced the glutamate content in the hippocampus, and the NMDAR-NO-cGMP signalling pathway was downregulated, as determined by Western blot assays, in FD rats. In addition, we found that decreased gastric motility was significantly restored by the hippocampal infusion of an NMDAR, nNOS, or sGC antagonist. Interestingly, EA had no further effects on gastric motility in the presence of these antagonists in FD rats. Taken together, these results suggest that the hippocampal glutamatergic system is involved in the regulation of gastric motility by EA at RN12 and BL21.
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