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Al-Qassab AA, Zakaria MR, Yunus R, Salleh MAM, Mokhtar MN. Investigating process parameters to enhance (hemi)cellulolytic enzymes activity produced by Trichoderma reesei RUT-C30 using deoiled oil palm mesocarp fiber in solid-state fermentation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:134030. [PMID: 39038578 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the synthesis of (hemi)cellulolytic enzymes, including endoglucanase (CMCase), xylanase, and β-glucosidase, employing Trichoderma reesei RUT-C30 and deoiled oil palm mesocarp fiber (OPMF) through solid-state fermentation (SSF). The objective was to determine the optimal process conditions for achieving high enzyme activities through a one-factor-at-a-time approach. The study primarily focused on the impact of the solid-to-liquid ratio, incubation period, initial pH, and temperature on enzyme activity. The effects of OPMF pretreatment, particularly deoiling and fortification, were explored. This approach significantly improved enzyme activity levels compared to the initial conditions, with CMCase increasing by 111.6 %, xylanase by 665.2 %, and β-Glucosidase by 1678.1 %. Xylanase and β-glucosidase activities, peaking at 1346.75 and 9.89 IU per gram dry substrate (GDS), respectively, under optimized conditions (1:4 ratio, pH 7.5, 20 °C, 9-day incubation). With lower moisture levels, CMCase reached its maximum activity of 227.84 IU/GDS. The study highlights how important it is for agro-industrial byproducts to support environmentally sustainable practices in the palm oil industry. It also emphasizes how differently each enzyme reacts to changes in process parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Abdulkareem Al-Qassab
- Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Laboratory of Processing and Product Development, Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Rafein Zakaria
- Laboratory of Processing and Product Development, Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Robiah Yunus
- Laboratory of Processing and Product Development, Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Amran Mohd Salleh
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Noriznan Mokhtar
- Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Laboratory of Processing and Product Development, Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Zarina R, Mezule L. Enzymatic hydrolysis of waste streams originating from wastewater treatment plants. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:104. [PMID: 39026332 PMCID: PMC11264863 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02553-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Achieving climate neutrality is a goal that calls for action in all sectors. The requirements for improving waste management and reducing carbon emissions from the energy sector present an opportunity for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to introduce sustainable waste treatment practices. A common biotechnological approach for waste valorization is the production of sugars from lignocellulosic waste biomass via biological hydrolysis. WWTPs produce waste streams such as sewage sludge and screenings which have not yet been fully explored as feedstocks for sugar production yet are promising because of their carbohydrate content and the lack of lignin structures. This study aims to explore the enzymatic hydrolysis of various waste streams originating from WWTPs by using a laboratory-made and a commercial cellulolytic enzyme cocktail for the production of sugars. Additionally, the impact of lipid and protein recovery from sewage sludge prior to the hydrolysis was assessed. RESULTS Treatment with a laboratory-made enzyme cocktail produced by Irpex lacteus (IL) produced 31.2 mg sugar per g dry wastewater screenings. A commercial enzyme formulation released 101 mg sugar per g dry screenings, corresponding to 90% degree of saccharification. There was an increase in sugar levels for all sewage substrates during the hydrolysis with IL enzyme. Lipid and protein recovery from primary and secondary sludge prior to the hydrolysis with IL enzyme was not advantageous in terms of sugar production. CONCLUSIONS The laboratory-made fungal IL enzyme showed its versatility and possible application beyond the typical lignocellulosic biomass. Wastewater screenings are well suited for valorization through sugar production by enzymatic hydrolysis. Saccharification of screenings represents a viable strategy to divert this waste stream from landfill and achieve the waste treatment and renewable energy targets set by the European Union. The investigation of lipid and protein recovery from sewage sludge showed the challenges of integrating resource recovery and saccharification processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruta Zarina
- Water Systems and Biotechnology Institute, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Riga Technical University, Kipsalas Iela 6a, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Linda Mezule
- Water Systems and Biotechnology Institute, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Riga Technical University, Kipsalas Iela 6a, Riga, Latvia
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Benaddou M, Hajjaj H, Allali A, Moubchir T, Nait M’Barek H, Nafidi H, Bin Jardan YA, Dabiellil F, Bourhia M, Chakir M, Diouri M. Optimizing fungal treatment of lignocellulosic agro-industrial by-products to enhance their nutritional value. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:4831-4848. [PMID: 39055179 PMCID: PMC11266882 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This study delves into the dynamic interaction between various fungal strains, substrates, and treatment durations to optimize the nutritional value of these by-products. Six fungi, including Penicillium chrysogenum, Fusarium sp., Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Penicillium crustosum, and Cosmospora viridescens, were evaluated across three substrates: wheat straw (WS), cedar sawdust (CW), and olive pomace (OP) over treatment periods of 4, 8, and 12 weeks. The study discerned profound impacts of these fungi across multiple parameters, including cellulose variation (C.var), lignin variation (L.var), and in vitro true digestibility variation (IVTD.var). Our results demonstrated that the various fungi had a significant effect on all parameters (p < .001). Noteworthy, F. oxysporum and F. solani emerged as exemplars, displaying notable lignin degradation, cellulose liberation, and IVTD enhancement. Importantly, P. crustosum demonstrated substantial cellulose degradation, exhibiting optimal efficacy in just 4 weeks for all substrates. Notably, F. sp. excelled, yielding favorable results when treating WS. P. chrysogenum achieved optimal outcomes with 8-week treatment for WS. Both Fusarium sp. and P. chrysogenum exhibited slight cellulose release, with remarkable reduction of WS lignin compared to other substrates. Especially, WS and OP displayed superior digestibility enhancements relative to CW. It should be noted that the treatment duration further shaped these outcomes, as prolonged treatment (12 weeks) fostered greater benefits in lignin degradation and digestibility, albeit with concomitant cellulose degradation. These findings underscore the intricate balance between fungal strains, substrates, and treatment durations in optimizing the nutritional value of lignocellulosic agro-industrial by-products. The outcomes of this study lead to the enhancement in the overall value of by-products, promoting sustainable livestock feed and advancing agricultural sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Benaddou
- Biotechnology and Bio‐Resource Development Laboratory (BioVar)Moulay Ismail UniversityZitoune MeknesMorocco
| | - Hassan Hajjaj
- Biotechnology and Bio‐Resource Development Laboratory (BioVar)Moulay Ismail UniversityZitoune MeknesMorocco
| | - Aimad Allali
- Laboratory of Plant, Animal and Agro‐Industry ProductionsUniversity of Ibn TofailKenitraMorocco
| | - Tarik Moubchir
- Polyvalent Team in Research and Development, Department of BiologyFaculté Polydisciplinaire Beni MellalBeni‐MellalMorocco
| | - Hasna Nait M’Barek
- Biotechnology and Bio‐Resource Development Laboratory (BioVar)Moulay Ismail UniversityZitoune MeknesMorocco
| | - Hiba‐Allah Nafidi
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food SciencesLaval UniversityQuebec CityQuebecCanada
| | - Yousef A. Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of PharmacyKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammed Bourhia
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Natural Resources Valorization, Faculty of SciencesIbn Zohr UniversityAgadirMorocco
| | - Mariyem Chakir
- Biotechnology and Bio‐Resource Development Laboratory (BioVar)Moulay Ismail UniversityZitoune MeknesMorocco
| | - Mohammed Diouri
- Biotechnology and Bio‐Resource Development Laboratory (BioVar)Moulay Ismail UniversityZitoune MeknesMorocco
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Prabhu N, Sabour AAA, Rengarajan S, Gajendiran K, Natarajan D. Analysis of the remediation competence of Aspergillus flavus biomass in wastewater of the dyeing industry: An in-vitro study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118705. [PMID: 38548251 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The dyeing industry effluent causes severe environmental pollution and threatens the native flora and fauna. The current study aimed to analyze the physicochemical parameters of dyeing industry wastewater collected in different sites (K1, E2, S3, T4, and V5), as well as the metal tolerance and decolourisation ability of Aspergillus flavus. Furthermore, the optimal biomass quantity and temperatures required for efficient bioremediation were investigated. Approximately five dyeing industry wastewater samples (K1, E2, S3, T4, and V5) were collected from various sampling stations, and the majority of the physical and chemical characteristics were discovered to be above the permissible limits. A. flavus demonstrated outstanding metal resistance to As, Cu, Cr, Zn, Hg, Pb, Ni, and Cd on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) plates at concentrations of up to 500 g mL-1. At 4 g L-1 concentrations, A. flavus biomass decolorized up to 11.2-46.5%. Furthermore, 35°C was found to be the optimal temperature for efficient decolourisation of A. flavus biomass. The toxicity of 35°C-treated wastewater on V. mungo and prawn larvae was significantly reduced. These findings indicate that the biomass of A. flavus can be used to decolorize dyeing industry wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Prabhu
- Department of Research and Innovations, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Amal Abdullah A Sabour
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumathy Rengarajan
- Department of Biotechnology, Valliammal College for Women, E-9, Anna Nagar East, Chennai, 600102, India
| | - K Gajendiran
- PG and Research Department of Microbiology, M.G.R. College, Hosur, 635 130, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Devarajan Natarajan
- Natural Drug Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India.
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5
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Hu S, Han P, Wang BT, Jin L, Ruan HH, Jin FJ. Transcriptome-wide analysis of a superior xylan degrading isolate Penicillium oxalicum 5-18 revealed active lignocellulosic degrading genes. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:327. [PMID: 38922442 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04063-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Lignocellulose biomass raw materials have a high value in energy conversion. Recently, there has been growing interest in using microorganisms to secret a series of enzymes for converting low-cost biomass into high-value products such as biofuels. We previously isolated a strain of Penicillium oxalicun 5-18 with promising lignocellulose-degrading capability. However, the mechanisms of lignocellulosic degradation of this fungus on various substrates are still unclear. In this study, we performed transcriptome-wide profiling and comparative analysis of strain 5-18 cultivated in liquid media with glucose (Glu), xylan (Xyl) or wheat bran (WB) as sole carbon source. In comparison to Glu culture, the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) induced by WB and Xyl was 4134 and 1484, respectively, with 1176 and 868 genes upregulated. Identified DEGs were enriched in many of the same pathways in both comparison groups (WB vs. Glu and Xly vs. Glu). Specially, 118 and 82 CAZyme coding genes were highly upregulated in WB and Xyl cultures, respectively. Some specific pathways including (Hemi)cellulose metabolic processes were enriched in both comparison groups. The high upregulation of these genes also confirmed the ability of strain 5-18 to degrade lignocellulose. Co-expression and co-upregulated of genes encoding CE and AA CAZy families, as well as other (hemi)cellulase revealed a complex degradation strategy in this strain. Our findings provide new insights into critical genes, key pathways and enzyme arsenal involved in the biomass degradation of P. oxalicum 5-18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Hu
- College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pei Han
- Key Laboratory of Space Utilization, Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bao-Teng Wang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Long Jin
- College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Hua Ruan
- College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng-Jie Jin
- College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.
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6
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Rodríguez-Sanz A, Fuciños C, Soares C, Torrado AM, Lima N, Rúa ML. A comprehensive method for the sequential separation of extracellular xylanases and β-xylosidases/arabinofuranosidases from a new Fusarium species. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132722. [PMID: 38821304 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Several fungal species produce diverse carbohydrate-active enzymes useful for the xylooligosaccharide biorefinery. These enzymes can be isolated by different purification methods, but fungi usually produce other several compounds which interfere in the purification process. So, the present work has three interconnected aims: (i) compare β-xylosidase production by Fusarium pernambucanum MUM 18.62 with other crop pathogens; (ii) optimise F. pernambucanum xylanolytic enzymes expression focusing on the pre-inoculum media composition; and (iii) design a downstream strategy to eliminate interfering substances and sequentially isolate β-xylosidases, arabinofuranosidases and endo-xylanases from the extracellular media. F. pernambucanum showed the highest β-xylosidase activity among all the evaluated species. It also produced endo-xylanase and arabinofuranosidase. The growth and β-xylosidase expression were not influenced by the pre-inoculum source, contrary to endo-xylanase activity, which was higher with xylan-enriched agar. Using a sequential strategy involving ammonium sulfate precipitation of the extracellular interferences, and several chromatographic steps of the supernatant (hydrophobic chromatography, size exclusion chromatography, and anion exchange chromatography), we were able to isolate different enzyme pools: four partially purified β-xylosidase/arabinofuranoside; FpXylEAB trifunctional GH10 endo-xylanase/β-xylosidase/arabinofuranoside enzyme (39.8 kDa) and FpXynE GH11 endo-xylanase with molecular mass (18.0 kDa). FpXylEAB and FpXynE enzymes were highly active at pH 5-6 and 60-50 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rodríguez-Sanz
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Clara Fuciños
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Célia Soares
- CEB-Biological Engineering Centre, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal; LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana M Torrado
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Nelson Lima
- CEB-Biological Engineering Centre, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal; LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - María L Rúa
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain.
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7
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Hussain A, Parveen F, Saxena A, Ashfaque M. A review of nanotechnology in enzyme cascade to address challenges in pre-treating biomass. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132466. [PMID: 38761904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has become a revolutionary technique for improving the preliminary treatment of lignocellulosic biomass in the production of biofuels. Traditional methods of pre-treatment have encountered difficulties in effectively degrading the intricate lignocellulosic composition, thereby impeding the conversion of biomass into fermentable sugars. Nanotechnology has enabled the development of enzyme cascade processes that present a potential solution for addressing the limitations. The focus of this review article is to delve into the utilization of nanotechnology in the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass through enzyme cascade processes. The review commences with an analysis of the composition and structure of lignocellulosic biomass, followed by a discussion on the drawbacks associated with conventional pre-treatment techniques. The subsequent analysis explores the importance of efficient pre-treatment methods in the context of biofuel production. We thoroughly investigate the utilization of nanotechnology in the pre-treatment of enzyme cascades across three distinct sections. Nanomaterials for enzyme immobilization, enhanced enzyme stability and activity through nanotechnology, and nanocarriers for controlled enzyme delivery. Moreover, the techniques used to analyse nanomaterials and the interactions between enzymes and nanomaterials are introduced. This review emphasizes the significance of comprehending the mechanisms underlying the synergy between nanotechnology and enzymes establishing sustainable and environmentally friendly nanotechnology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhtar Hussain
- Lignocellulose & Biofuel Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Fouziya Parveen
- Lignocellulose & Biofuel Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ayush Saxena
- Lignocellulose & Biofuel Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Ashfaque
- Lignocellulose & Biofuel Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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8
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Sharma G, Kaur B, Singh V, Raheja Y, Falco MD, Tsang A, Chadha BS. Genome and secretome insights: unravelling the lignocellulolytic potential of Myceliophthora verrucosa for enhanced hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:236. [PMID: 38676717 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03974-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Lignocellulolytic enzymes from a novel Myceliophthora verrucosa (5DR) strain was found to potentiate the efficacy of benchmark cellulase during saccharification of acid/alkali treated bagasse by ~ 2.24 fold, indicating it to be an important source of auxiliary enzymes. The De-novo sequencing and analysis of M. verrucosa genome (31.7 Mb) revealed to encode for 7989 putative genes, representing a wide array of CAZymes (366) with a high proportions of auxiliary activity (AA) genes (76). The LC/MS QTOF based secretome analysis of M. verrucosa showed high abundance of glycosyl hydrolases and AA proteins with cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) (AA8), being the most prominent auxiliary protein. A gene coding for lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO) was expressed in Pichia pastoris and CDH produced by M. verrucosa culture on rice straw based solidified medium were purified and characterized. The mass spectrometry of LPMO catalyzed hydrolytic products of avicel showed the release of both C1/C4 oxidized products, indicating it to be type-3. The lignocellulolytic cocktail comprising of in-house cellulase produced by Aspergillus allahabadii strain spiked with LPMO & CDH exhibited enhanced and better hydrolysis of mild alkali deacetylated (MAD) and unwashed acid pretreated rice straw slurry (UWAP), when compared to Cellic CTec3 at high substrate loading rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Baljit Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Varinder Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Yashika Raheja
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Marcos Di Falco
- Center for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Adrian Tsang
- Center for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
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9
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Kukreti N, Kumar P, Kataria R. A sustainable synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoate from stubble waste as a carbon source using Pseudomonas putida MTCC 2475. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1343579. [PMID: 38665813 PMCID: PMC11043596 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1343579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable polymers that can be produced from lignocellulosic biomass by microorganisms. Cheap and readily available raw material, such as corn stover waste, has the potential to lessen the cost of PHA synthesis. In this research study, corn stover is pretreated with NaOH under conditions optimized for high cellulose and low lignin with central composite design (CCD) followed by characterization using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Design expert software performed further optimization of alkali pretreated corn stover for high total reducing sugar (TRS) enhancement using CCD using response surface methodology (RSM). The optimized condition by RSM produced a TRS yield of 707.19 mg/g. Fermentation using corn stover hydrolysate by Pseudomonas putida MTCC 2475 gave mcl-PHA detected through gas c hromatography - t andem m ass s pectrometry (GC-MS/MS) and characterization of the PHA film by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), FTIR, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Thus, this research paper focuses on using agriculture (stubble) waste as an alternative feedstock for PHA production.
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Akram F, Fatima T, Ibrar R, Shabbir I, Shah FI, Haq IU. Trends in the development and current perspective of thermostable bacterial hemicellulases with their industrial endeavors: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130993. [PMID: 38508567 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Hemicellulases are enzymes that hydrolyze hemicelluloses, common polysaccharides in nature. Thermophilic hemicellulases, derived from microbial strains, are extensively studied as natural biofuel sources due to the complex structure of hemicelluloses. Recent research aims to elucidate the catalytic principles, mechanisms and specificity of hemicellulases through investigations into their high-temperature stability and structural features, which have applications in biotechnology and industry. This review article targets to serve as a comprehensive resource, highlighting the significant progress in the field and emphasizing the vital role of thermophilic hemicellulases in eco-friendly catalysis. The primary goal is to improve the reliability of hemicellulase enzymes obtained from thermophilic bacterial strains. Additionally, with their ability to break down lignocellulosic materials, hemicellulases hold immense potential for biofuel production. Despite their potential, the commercial viability is hindered by their high enzyme costs, necessitating the development of efficient bioprocesses involving waste pretreatment with microbial consortia to overcome this challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Akram
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Taseer Fatima
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ramesha Ibrar
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ifrah Shabbir
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | | | - Ikram Ul Haq
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
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11
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Chen X, Zhang X, Zhao X, Zhang P, Long L, Ding S. A novel cellulolytic/xylanolytic SbAA14 from Sordaria brevicollis with a branched chain preference and its synergistic effects with glycoside hydrolases on lignocellulose. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129504. [PMID: 38228212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the novel auxiliary activity (AA) family 14 lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO) SbAA14 from Sordaria brevicollis was successfully characterized. It was active against heteroxylan, xyloglucan and cellulose in β-cellulose and released native oligosaccharides and corresponding C1- and/or C4-oxidized products. SbAA14 showed a branched chain preference, because partial removal of arabinosyl substituents from heteroxylan led to a decrease in activity. SbAA14 had synergistic effects with the debranching enzyme EpABF62C in an enzyme- and ascorbic acid-dependent manner. SbAA14 had synergistic effects with the GH10 endoxylanase EpXYN1, and the degree of synergy was greater with step-by-step addition than with simultaneous addition. SbAA14 could also synergize with Celluclast® 1.5 L on NaOH-pretreated wheat straw and on NaOH-pretreated and hydrogen peroxide-acetic acid (HPAC)-H2SO4-pretreated bamboo substrates. The greatest synergistic effect between SbAA14 and Celluclast® 1.5 L was observed for HPAC-H2SO4-200 mM pretreated bamboo, in which the degree of synergy reached approximately 1.61. The distinctive substrate preference of SbAA14 indicated that it is a novel AA14 LPMO that may act mainly on heteroxylan with numerous arabinosyl substituents between cellulose fibers rather than on recalcitrant xylan tightly associated with cellulose. These findings broaden the understanding of enigmatic AA14 LPMOs and provide new insights into the substrate specificities and biological functionalities of AA14 LPMOs in fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueer Chen
- The Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry & Utilization of Agricultural and Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- The Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry & Utilization of Agricultural and Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- The Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry & Utilization of Agricultural and Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peiyu Zhang
- The Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry & Utilization of Agricultural and Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liangkun Long
- The Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry & Utilization of Agricultural and Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaojun Ding
- The Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry & Utilization of Agricultural and Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China.
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12
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Guimarães A, Mota AC, Pereira AS, Fernandes AM, Lopes M, Belo I. Rice Husk, Brewer's Spent Grain, and Vine Shoot Trimmings as Raw Materials for Sustainable Enzyme Production. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:935. [PMID: 38399185 PMCID: PMC10890580 DOI: 10.3390/ma17040935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Solid by-products with lignocellulosic structures are considered appropriate substrates for solid-state fermentation (SSF) to produce enzymes with diverse industrial applications. In this work, brewer's spent grain (BSG), rice husk (RH), and vine shoot trimmings (VSTs) were employed as substrates in SSF with Aspergillus niger CECT 2088 to produce cellulases, xylanases, and amylases. The addition of 2% (NH4)2SO4 and 1% K2HPO4 to by-products had a positive effect on enzyme production. Substrate particle size influenced enzyme activity and the overall highest activities were achieved at the largest particle size (10 mm) of BSG and RH and a size of 4 mm for VSTs. Optimal substrate composition was predicted using a simplex centroid mixture design. The highest activities were obtained using 100% BSG for β-glucosidase (363 U/g) and endo-1,4-β-glucanase (189 U/g), 87% BSG and 13% RH for xylanase (627 U/g), and 72% BSG and 28% RH for amylase (263 U/g). Besides the optimal values found, mixtures of BSG with RH or VSTs proved to be alternative substrates to BSG alone. These findings demonstrate that SSF bioprocessing of BSG individually or in mixtures with RH and VSTs is an efficient and sustainable strategy to produce enzymes of significant industrial interest within the circular economy guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Guimarães
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal (M.L.)
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana C. Mota
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal (M.L.)
| | - Ana S. Pereira
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal (M.L.)
| | - Ana M. Fernandes
- CITEVE—Technological Centre for the Textile and Clothing Industry, 4760-034 Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal
| | - Marlene Lopes
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal (M.L.)
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Isabel Belo
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal (M.L.)
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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13
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Zheng F, Basit A, Wang J, Zhuang H, Chen J, Zhang J. Characterization of a novel acidophilic, ethanol tolerant and halophilic GH12 β-1,4-endoglucanase from Trichoderma asperellum ND-1 and its synergistic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127650. [PMID: 38287580 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
A novel acidophilic GH5 β-1,4-endoglucanase (TaCel12) from Trichoderma asperellum ND-1 was efficiently expressed in Pichia pastoris (a 1.5-fold increase). Deglycosylated TaCel12 migrated as a single band (26.5 kDa) in SDS-PAGE. TaCel12 was acidophilic with a pH optimum of 4.0 and displayed great pH stability (>80 % activity over pH 3.0-5.0). TaCel12 exhibited considerable activity towards sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate with Vmax values of 197.97 μmol/min/mg and 119.06 μmol/min/mg, respectively. Moreover, TaCel12 maintained >80 % activity in the presence of 20 % ethanol and 4.28 M NaCl. Additionally, Mn2+, Pb2+ and Cu2+ negatively affected TaCel12 activity, while the presence of 5 mM Co2+ significantly increased the enzyme activity. Analysis of action mode revealed that TaCel12 required at least four glucose (cellotetraose) residues for hydrolysis to yield cellobiose and cellotriose. Site-directed mutagenesis results suggested that Glu133 and Glu217 of TaCel12 are crucial catalytic residues, with Asp116 displaying an auxiliary function. Production of soluble sugars from lignocellulose is a crucial step in bioethanol development, and it is noteworthy that TaCel12 could synergistically yield fermentable sugars from corn stover and bagasse, respectively. Thus TaCel12 with excellent properties will be considered a potential biocatalyst for applications in various industries, especially for lignocellulosic biomass conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhen Zheng
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Abdul Basit
- Department of Microbiology, University of Jhang, Jhang 35200, Pakistan
| | - Jiaqiang Wang
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Huan Zhuang
- Department of ENT and Head & Neck Surgery, The Children's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Jianfen Zhang
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310021, China
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14
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Wen J, Miao T, Basit A, Li Q, Tan S, Chen S, Ablimit N, Wang H, Wang Y, Zheng F, Jiang W. Highly efficient synergistic activity of an α-L-arabinofuranosidase for degradation of arabinoxylan in barley/wheat. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1230738. [PMID: 38029111 PMCID: PMC10655120 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1230738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, an α-L-arabinofuranosidase (termed TtAbf62) from Thermothelomyces thermophilus is described, which efficiently removes arabinofuranosyl side chains and facilitates arabinoxylan digestion. The specific activity of TtAbf62 (179.07 U/mg) toward wheat arabinoxylan was the highest among all characterized glycoside hydrolase family 62 enzymes. TtAbf62 in combination with endoxylanase and β-xylosidase strongly promoted hydrolysis of barley and wheat. The release of reducing sugars was significantly higher for the three-enzyme combination relative to the sum of single-enzyme treatments: 85.71% for barley hydrolysis and 33.33% for wheat hydrolysis. HPLC analysis showed that TtAbf62 acted selectively on monosubstituted (C-2 or C-3) xylopyranosyl residues rather than double-substituted residues. Site-directed mutagenesis and interactional analyses of enzyme-substrate binding structures revealed the catalytic sites of TtAbf62 formed different polysaccharide-catalytic binding modes with arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides. Our findings demonstrate a "multienzyme cocktail" formed by TtAbf62 with other hydrolases strongly improves the efficiency of hemicellulose conversion and increases biomass hydrolysis through synergistic interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Abdul Basit
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Microbiology, University of Jhang, Jhang, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Qunhong Li
- Little Tiger Biotechnology Company Limited, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shenglin Tan
- Little Tiger Biotechnology Company Limited, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuqing Chen
- Little Tiger Biotechnology Company Limited, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nuraliya Ablimit
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengzhen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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15
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Wang K, Huai S, Tan Z, Ngea GLN, Godana EA, Shi J, Yang Q, Zhang X, Zhao L, Zhang H. A First Expression, Purification and Characterization of Endo-β-1,3-Glucanase from Penicillium expansum. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:961. [PMID: 37888217 PMCID: PMC10608044 DOI: 10.3390/jof9100961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
β-1,3-glucanase plays an important role in the biodegradation, reconstruction, and development of β-1,3-glucan. An endo-β-1,3-glucanase which was encoded by PeBgl1 was expressed, purified and characterized from Penicillium expansum for the first time. The PeBgl1 gene was amplified and transformed into the competent cells of E. coli Rosetta strain with the help of the pET-30a cloning vector. The recombinant protein PeBgl1 was expressed successfully at the induction conditions of 0.8 mmol/L IPTG at 16 °C for 16 h and then was purified by nickel ion affinity chromatography. The optimum reaction temperature of PeBgl1 was 55 °C and it had maximal activity at pH 6.0 according to the enzymatic analysis. Na2HPO4-NaH2PO4 buffer (pH 6.0) and NaCl have inhibitory and enhancing effects on the enzyme activities, respectively. SDS, TritonX-100 and some metal ions (Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+) have an inhibitory effect on the enzyme activity. The results showed that PeBgl1 protein has good enzyme activity at 50-60 °C and at pH 5.0-9.0, and it is not a metal dependent enzyme, which makes it robust for storage and transportation, ultimately holding great promise in green biotechnology and biorefining.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hongyin Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (K.W.); (S.H.); (Z.T.); (G.L.N.N.); (E.A.G.); (J.S.); (Q.Y.); (X.Z.); (L.Z.)
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16
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Restrepo-Leal JD, Belair M, Fischer J, Richet N, Fontaine F, Rémond C, Fernandez O, Besaury L. Differential carbohydrate-active enzymes and secondary metabolite production by the grapevine trunk pathogen Neofusicoccum parvum Bt-67 grown on host and non-host biomass. Mycologia 2023; 115:579-601. [PMID: 37358885 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2023.2216122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Neofusicoccum parvum is one of the most aggressive Botryosphaeriaceae species associated with grapevine trunk diseases. This species may secrete enzymes capable of overcoming the plant barriers, leading to wood colonization. In addition to their roles in pathogenicity, there is an interest in taking advantage of N. parvum carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), related to plant cell wall degradation, for lignocellulose biorefining. Furthermore, N. parvum produces toxic secondary metabolites that may contribute to its virulence. In order to increase knowledge on the mechanisms underlying pathogenicity and virulence, as well as the exploration of its metabolism and CAZymes for lignocellulose biorefining, we evaluated the N. parvum strain Bt-67 capacity in producing lignocellulolytic enzymes and secondary metabolites when grown in vitro with two lignocellulosic biomasses: grapevine canes (GP) and wheat straw (WS). For this purpose, a multiphasic study combining enzymology, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses was performed. Enzyme assays showed higher xylanase, xylosidase, arabinofuranosidase, and glucosidase activities when the fungus was grown with WS. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the lignocellulosic biomass degradation caused by the secreted enzymes. Transcriptomics indicated that the N. parvum Bt-67 gene expression profiles in the presence of both biomasses were similar. In total, 134 genes coding CAZymes were up-regulated, where 94 of them were expressed in both biomass growth conditions. Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs), glucosidases, and endoglucanases were the most represented CAZymes and correlated with the enzymatic activities obtained. The secondary metabolite production, analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet/visible spectophotometry-mass spectrometry (HPLC-UV/Vis-MS), was variable depending on the carbon source. The diversity of differentially produced metabolites was higher when N. parvum Bt-67 was grown with GP. Overall, these results provide insight into the influence of lignocellulosic biomass on virulence factor expressions. Moreover, this study opens the possibility of optimizing the enzyme production from N. parvum with potential use for lignocellulose biorefining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián D Restrepo-Leal
- AFERE Chair, Fractionnement des Agroressources et Environnement (FARE) UMR A 614, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France
- MALDIVE Chair, Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes (RIBP) USC 1488, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Marie Belair
- AFERE Chair, Fractionnement des Agroressources et Environnement (FARE) UMR A 614, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Jochen Fischer
- Institut für Biotechnologie und Wirkstoff-Forschung gGmbH (IBWF), Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 17, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nicolas Richet
- Plateau Technique Mobile de Cytométrie Environnementale (MOBICYTE), UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne/Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), 51100 Reims, France
| | - Florence Fontaine
- MALDIVE Chair, Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes (RIBP) USC 1488, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Caroline Rémond
- AFERE Chair, Fractionnement des Agroressources et Environnement (FARE) UMR A 614, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Olivier Fernandez
- MALDIVE Chair, Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes (RIBP) USC 1488, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Ludovic Besaury
- AFERE Chair, Fractionnement des Agroressources et Environnement (FARE) UMR A 614, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France
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17
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Luong TTH, Poeaim S, Tangthirasunun N. Isolation and Characterization of Xylanase from a Novel Strain, Penicillium menonorum SP10. MYCOBIOLOGY 2023; 51:239-245. [PMID: 37711985 PMCID: PMC10498789 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2023.2247221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Xylanase has been applied in various sectors, such as biomass conversion, paper, pulp, textiles, and pharmaceutical industries. This study aimed to isolate and screen potential xylanase-producing fungi from the soil of Suphan Buri Province, Thailand. Fifteen fungi were isolated, and their xylanase activities were tested by the qualitative method. The result showed that isolate SP3, SP10 and SP15 gave high xylanase activity with potency index (PI) of 2.32, 2.01 and 1.82, respectively. These fungi were selected for the xylanase quantitative test, isolate SP10 performed the highest xylanase activity with 0.535 U/mL. Through molecular methods using the β-tubulin gene, isolate SP10 was identified as Penicillium menonorum. The xylanase characteristics from P. menonorum SP10 were determined, including the xylanase isoforms and the optimum pH and temperature. The xylanase isoforms on SDS-PAGE indicated that P. menonorum SP10 produced two xylanases (45 and 54 kDa). Moreover, its xylanase worked optimally at pH 6 and 55 °C while reaching 61% activity at 65 °C. These results proposed P. menonorum SP10 as a good candidate for industrial uses, especially in poultry feed and pulp industries, to improve yield and economic efficiency under slightly acidic and high-temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thu Huong Luong
- Department of Biology, School of Science, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supattra Poeaim
- Department of Biology, School of Science, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Narumon Tangthirasunun
- Department of Biology, School of Science, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), Bangkok, Thailand
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18
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Gonçalves AL, Cunha PM, da Silva Lima A, Dos Santos JC, Segato F. Production of recombinant lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases and evaluation effect of its addition into Aspergillus fumigatus var. niveus cocktail for sugarcane bagasse saccharification. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2023; 1871:140919. [PMID: 37164048 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2023.140919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is a promising alternative for producing biofuels, despite its recalcitrant nature. There are microorganisms in nature capable of efficiently degrade biomass, such as the filamentous fungi. Among them, Aspergillus fumigatus var. niveus (AFUMN) has a wide variety of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), especially hydrolases, but a low number of oxidative enzymes in its genome. To confirm the enzymatic profile of this fungus, this study analyzed the secretome of AFUMN cultured in sugarcane bagasse as the sole carbon source. As expected, the secretome showed a predominance of hydrolytic enzymes compared to oxidative activity. However, it is known that hydrolytic enzymes act in synergy with oxidative proteins to efficiently degrade cellulose polymer, such as the Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenases (LPMOs). Thus, three LPMOs from the fungus Thermothelomyces thermophilus (TtLPMO9D, TtLPMO9H, and TtLPMO9O) were selected, heterologous expressed in Aspergillus nidulans, purified, and used to supplement the AFUMN secretome to evaluate their effect on the saccharification of sugarcane bagasse. The saccharification assay was carried out using different concentrations of AFUMN secretome supplemented with recombinant T. thermophilus LPMOs, as well as ascorbic acid as reducing agent for oxidative enzymes. Through a statistic design created by Design-Expert software, we were able to analyze a possible cooperative effect between these components. The results indicated that, in general, the addition of TtLPMO9D and ascorbic acid did not favor the conversion process in this study, while TtLPMO9O had a highly significant cooperative effect in bagasse saccharification compared to the control using only AFUMN secretome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Larissa Gonçalves
- Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Macedo Cunha
- Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Awana da Silva Lima
- Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Júlio César Dos Santos
- Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Segato
- Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil.
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19
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Leonhardt F, Gennari A, Paludo GB, Schmitz C, da Silveira FX, Moura DCDA, Renard G, Volpato G, Volken de Souza CF. A systematic review about affinity tags for one-step purification and immobilization of recombinant proteins: integrated bioprocesses aiming both economic and environmental sustainability. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:186. [PMID: 37193330 PMCID: PMC10182917 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03616-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study reviewed and discussed the promising affinity tags for one-step purification and immobilization of recombinant proteins. The approach used to structure this systematic review was The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) methodology. The Scopus and Web of Science databases were used to perform the bibliographic survey by which 267 articles were selected. After the inclusion/exclusion criteria and the screening process, from 25 chosen documents, we identified 7 types of tags used in the last 10 years, carbohydrate-binding module tag (CBM), polyhistidine (His-tag), elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs), silaffin-3-derived pentalysine cluster (Sil3k tag), N-acetylmuramidase (AcmA tag), modified haloalkane dehalogenase (HaloTag®), and aldehyde from a lipase polypeptide (Aldehyde tag). The most used bacterial host for expressing the targeted protein was Escherichia coli and the most used expression vector was pET-28a. The results demonstrated two main immobilization and purification methods: the use of supports and the use of self-aggregating tags without the need of support, depending on the tag used. Besides, the chosen terminal for cloning the tag proved to be very important once it could alter enzyme activity. In conclusion, the best tag for protein one-step purification and immobilization was CBM tag, due to the eco-friendly supports that can be provided from industry wastes, the fast immobilization with high specificity, and the reduced cost of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Leonhardt
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Vale do Taquari, Univates, Av. Avelino Tallini, 171, Lajeado, RS ZC 95914-014 Brazil
| | - Adriano Gennari
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Vale do Taquari, Univates, Av. Avelino Tallini, 171, Lajeado, RS ZC 95914-014 Brazil
| | - Graziela Barbosa Paludo
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Vale do Taquari, Univates, Av. Avelino Tallini, 171, Lajeado, RS ZC 95914-014 Brazil
| | - Caroline Schmitz
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Vale do Taquari, Univates, Av. Avelino Tallini, 171, Lajeado, RS ZC 95914-014 Brazil
| | - Filipe Xerxeneski da Silveira
- Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul, IFRS, Porto Alegre Campus, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | | | - Gaby Renard
- Quatro G Pesquisa & Desenvolvimento Ltda, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - Giandra Volpato
- Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul, IFRS, Porto Alegre Campus, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - Claucia Fernanda Volken de Souza
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Vale do Taquari, Univates, Av. Avelino Tallini, 171, Lajeado, RS ZC 95914-014 Brazil
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20
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Pendse DS, Deshmukh M, Pande A. Different pre-treatments and kinetic models for bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass: A review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16604. [PMID: 37260877 PMCID: PMC10227349 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is the generally explored substrate to produce bioethanol for environmental sustainability due to its availability in abundance. However, the complex network of cellulose-hemicellulose-lignin present in it makes its hydrolysis as a challenging task. To boost the effectiveness of conversion, biomass is pre-treated before enzymatic hydrolysis to alter or destroy its original composition. Enzymes like Cellulases are widely used for breaking down cellulose into fermentable sugars. Enzymatic hydrolysis is a complex process involving many influencing factors such as pH, temperature, substrate concentration. This review presents major four pre-treatment methods used for hydrolysing different substrates under varied reaction conditions along with their mechanism and limitations. A relative comparison of data analysis for most widely studied 10 kinetic models is briefly explained in terms of substrates used to get the brief insight about hydrolysis rates. The summary of pre-treatment methods and hydrolysis rates including cellulase enzyme kinetics will be the value addition for upcoming researchers for optimising the hydrolysis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanashri S Pendse
- Research Scholar, School of Chemical Engineering, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, 411038, India
| | - Minal Deshmukh
- School of Petroleum Engineering, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, 411038, India
| | - Ashwini Pande
- School of Petroleum Engineering, Dr Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, 411038, India
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21
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Karuppasamy K, Theerthagiri J, Selvaraj A, Vikraman D, Parangusan H, Mythili R, Choi MY, Kim HS. Current trends and prospects in catalytic upgrading of lignocellulosic biomass feedstock into ultrapure biofuels. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 226:115660. [PMID: 36913997 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Eco-friendly renewable energy sources have recommended as fossil fuel alternatives in recent years to reduce environmental pollution and meet future energy demands in various sectors. As the largest source of renewable energy in the world, lignocellulosic biomass has received considerable interest from the scientific community to advance the fabrication of biofuels and ultrafine value-added chemicals. For example, biomass obtained from agricultural wastes could catalytically convert into furan derivatives. Among furan derivatives, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and 2, 5-dimethylfuran (DMF) are considered the most useful molecules that can be transformed into desirable products such as fuels and fine chemicals. Because of its exceptional properties, e.g., water insolubility and high boiling point, DMF has studied as the ideal fuel in recent decades. Interestingly, HMF, a feedstock upgraded from biomass sources can easily hydrogenate to produce DMF. In the present review, the current state of the art and studies on the transformation of HMF into DMF using noble metals, non-noble metals, bimetallic catalysts, and their composites have discussed elaborately. In addition, comprehensive insights into the operating reaction conditions and the influence of employed support over the hydrogenation process have demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Karuppasamy
- Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayaraman Theerthagiri
- Core-Facility Center for Photochemistry and Nanomaterials, Department of Chemistry (BK21 FOUR), Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Aravindhan Selvaraj
- Department of Chemistry, B.S. Abdur Rahman Cresent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600048, India
| | - Dhanasekaran Vikraman
- Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Hemalatha Parangusan
- Qatar University Young Scientists Center (QUYSC), Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - R Mythili
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, 600077, Chennai, India
| | - Myong Yong Choi
- Core-Facility Center for Photochemistry and Nanomaterials, Department of Chemistry (BK21 FOUR), Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun-Seok Kim
- Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Rubio-Ribeaux D, da Costa RAM, Montero-Rodríguez D, do Amaral Marques NSA, Puerta-Díaz M, de Souza Mendonça R, Franco PM, Dos Santos JC, da Silva SS. Sustainable production of bioemulsifiers, a critical overview from microorganisms to promising applications. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:195. [PMID: 37171665 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03611-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Microbial bioemulsifiers are molecules of amphiphilic nature and high molecular weight that are efficient in emulsifying two immiscible phases such as water and oil. These molecules are less effective in reducing surface tension and are synthesized by bacteria, yeast and filamentous fungi. Unlike synthetic emulsifiers, microbial bioemulsifiers have unique advantages such as biocompatibility, non-toxicity, biodegradability, efficiency at low concentrations and high selectivity under different conditions of pH, temperature and salinity. The adoption of microbial bioemulsifiers as alternatives to their synthetic counterparts has been growing in ongoing research. This article analyzes the production of microbial-based emulsifiers, the raw materials and fermentation processes used, as well as the scale-up and commercial applications of some of these biomolecules. The current trend of incorporating natural compounds into industrial formulations indicates that the search for new bioemulsifiers will continue to increase, with emphasis on performance improvement and economically viable processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daylin Rubio-Ribeaux
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 12.602-810, Brazil.
- Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences, Campus Marília, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, 17.525-900, Brazil.
| | - Rogger Alessandro Mata da Costa
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 12.602-810, Brazil
- Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences, Campus Marília, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, 17.525-900, Brazil
| | - Dayana Montero-Rodríguez
- Nucleus of Research in Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50050-590, Brazil
- Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences, Campus Marília, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, 17.525-900, Brazil
| | - Nathália Sá Alencar do Amaral Marques
- Nucleus of Research in Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50050-590, Brazil
- Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences, Campus Marília, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, 17.525-900, Brazil
| | - Mirelys Puerta-Díaz
- Pernambuco Institute of Agronomy, Recife, Pernambuco, 50761-000, Brazil
- Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences, Campus Marília, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, 17.525-900, Brazil
| | - Rafael de Souza Mendonça
- Nucleus of Research in Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50050-590, Brazil
- Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences, Campus Marília, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, 17.525-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Marcelino Franco
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 12.602-810, Brazil
- Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences, Campus Marília, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, 17.525-900, Brazil
| | - Júlio César Dos Santos
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 12.602-810, Brazil
- Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences, Campus Marília, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, 17.525-900, Brazil
| | - Silvio Silvério da Silva
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 12.602-810, Brazil
- Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences, Campus Marília, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, 17.525-900, Brazil
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23
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Mahtar A, Sulaimon AA, Wilfred CD. Lignosulfonate-Based Ionic Liquids as Asphaltene Dispersants. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083390. [PMID: 37110627 PMCID: PMC10145202 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Asphaltenes are recognized as being troublesome from upstream to downstream in the oil industry due to their tendency to precipitate and self-associate. Their extraction from asphaltenic crude oil for a cost-effective refining process is a crucial and critical challenge in the oil and gas sector. Lignosulfonate (LS), as a by-product of the wood pulping process in the papermaking industry, is a highly available and underutilized feedstock. This study aimed to synthesize novel LS-based ionic liquids (ILs) by reacting lignosulfonate acid sodium salt [Na]2[LS] with different alkyl chains of piperidinium chloride for asphaltene dispersion. The synthesized ILs, 1-hexyl-1-methyl-piperidinium lignosulfonate [C6C1Pip]2[LS], 1-octyl-1-methyl-piperidinium lignosulfonate [C8C1Pip]2[LS], 1-dodecyl-1-methyl-piperidinium lignosulfonate [C12C1Pip]2[LS] and 1-hexadecyl-1-methyl-piperidinium lignosulfonate [C16C1Pip]2[LS] were characterized using FTIR-ATR and 1H NMR for functional groups and structural confirmation. The ILs depicted high thermal stability because of the presence of a long side alkyl chain and piperidinium cation following thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Asphaltene dispersion indices (%) of ILs were tested by varying contact time, temperature and ILs concentration. The obtained indices were high for all ILs, with a dispersion index of more than 91.2% [C16C1Pip]2[LS], representing the highest dispersion at 50,000 ppm. It was able to lower asphaltene particle size diameter from 51 nm to 11 nm. The kinetic data of [C16C1Pip]2[LS] were consistent with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The dispersion index (%), asphaltene particle growth and the kinetic model agreed with the molecular modeling studies of the HOMO-LUMO energy of IL holds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariff Mahtar
- Centre of Research in Ionic Liquids, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia
| | - Aliyu Adebayo Sulaimon
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia
| | - Cecilia Devi Wilfred
- Fundamental and Applied Sciences Department, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia
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24
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Shanthi Kumari BS, Kumar KD, Golla N, Krishna SBN, Geetha KS, Vyshnava SS, Reddy BR. Effect of lignocellulosic materials and chlorpyrifos pesticide on secretion of ligninolytic enzymes by the white rot fungus – Stereum ostrea. BIOREMEDIATION JOURNAL 2023; 27:147-157. [DOI: 10.1080/10889868.2022.2029823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B. S. Shanthi Kumari
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Kanderi Dileep Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Narasimha Golla
- Department of Virology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Suresh Babu Naidu Krishna
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - K. Sai Geetha
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - B. Rajasekhar Reddy
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, India
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25
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Lu X, Zhao Y, Li F, Liu P. Active polysaccharides from Lentinula edodes and Pleurotus ostreatus by addition of corn straw and xylosma sawdust through solid-state fermentation. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 228:647-658. [PMID: 36584775 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Lentinula edodes and Pleurotus ostreatus were selected as representatives to explore the effects of corn straw and xylosma sawdust on the production and activity of polysaccharides by edible fungi during solid-state fermentation. The results clearly indicated that the addition of lignocellulose could promote the polysaccharide content compared to the control group. Meanwhile, the hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of polysaccharides reached the maximum when the glucose concentration was 1.5 %, and among them, the xylosma sawdust groups for two fungi (L. edodes-32.37 %, P. ostreatus-25.86 %) both performed better than corn straw groups (L. edodes-24.96 %, P. ostreatus-20.80 %). In addition, structural characterization and degradation mode analysis were carried out. The results showed that the structure of the xylosma had a stronger destruction than corn straw. The activities of lignocellulolytic enzymes such as carboxymethyl cellulase, filter paper enzyme, β-glucosidase and xylanase increased rapidly in the early stage of fermentation, which could degrade the cellulose and hemicellulose as raw materials for the synthesis of active polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Lu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fei Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ping Liu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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26
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Benatti ALT, Polizeli MDLTDM. Lignocellulolytic Biocatalysts: The Main Players Involved in Multiple Biotechnological Processes for Biomass Valorization. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11010162. [PMID: 36677454 PMCID: PMC9864444 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Human population growth, industrialization, and globalization have caused several pressures on the planet's natural resources, culminating in the severe climate and environmental crisis which we are facing. Aiming to remedy and mitigate the impact of human activities on the environment, the use of lignocellulolytic enzymes for biofuel production, food, bioremediation, and other various industries, is presented as a more sustainable alternative. These enzymes are characterized as a group of enzymes capable of breaking down lignocellulosic biomass into its different monomer units, making it accessible for bioconversion into various products and applications in the most diverse industries. Among all the organisms that produce lignocellulolytic enzymes, microorganisms are seen as the primary sources for obtaining them. Therefore, this review proposes to discuss the fundamental aspects of the enzymes forming lignocellulolytic systems and the main microorganisms used to obtain them. In addition, different possible industrial applications for these enzymes will be discussed, as well as information about their production modes and considerations about recent advances and future perspectives in research in pursuit of expanding lignocellulolytic enzyme uses at an industrial scale.
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27
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Copper radical oxidases: galactose oxidase, glyoxal oxidase, and beyond! Essays Biochem 2022; 67:597-613. [PMID: 36562172 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20220124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The copper radical oxidases (CROs) are an evolutionary and functionally diverse group of enzymes established by the historically significant galactose 6-oxidase and glyoxal oxidase from fungi. Inducted in 2013, CROs now constitute Auxiliary Activity Family 5 (AA5) in the Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZy) classification. CROs catalyse the two-electron oxidation of their substrates using oxygen as the final electron acceptor and are particularly distinguished by a cross-linked tyrosine-cysteine co-factor that is integral to radical stabilization. Recently, there has been a significant increase in the biochemically and structurally characterized CROs, which has revealed an expanded natural diversity of catalytic activities in the family. This review provides a brief historical introduction to CRO biochemistry and structural biology as a foundation for an update on current advances in CRO enzymology, biotechnology, and biology across kingdoms of life.
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28
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Saikia K, Rathankumar AK, Kumar PS, Rangasamy G, Vaithyanathan VK, Vaidyanathan VK. Evaluating the potential of engineered Trichoderma atroviride and its laccase-mediated system for the efficient bioconversion of 5-hydroxymethylfufural. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136567. [PMID: 36152826 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a fermentation inhibitor which is formed during acid-based thermochemical pre-treatment of biomass. The present study involves two approaches for HMF conversion; the first includes screening and identification of fungal strains which produce oxidoreductases for HMF bioconversion, and thereafter evaluating their roles in HMF conversion. Out of the ten fungal strains screened, genetically engineered Trichoderma atroviride (Lac+) showed maximum HMF bioconversion and the activities of ligninolytic enzymes produced were noted. Maximum HMF conversion of 99% was achieved at pH 5.0 and 30 °C when 72 h old 10% inoculum of T. atroviride (Lac+) was utilized for 6 days. Based on the fungal bioconversion of HMF to 2, 5 diformylfuran with 58% yield, laccase was observed to influence the conversion process. Thus, a comparative study was established on HMF conversion by 100 U/mL of commercial laccases and partially purified laccase from T. atroviride (Lac+). In the presence of TEMPO, T. atroviride laccase showed comparable HMF conversion to commercial laccases, which establishes the efficiency of fungi and ligninolytic enzymes in bioconversion of HMF to value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kongkona Saikia
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India; Department of Biochemistry, FASCM, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 021, India
| | - Abiram Karanam Rathankumar
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India; Department of Biotechnology, FoE, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 021, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603 110, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603 110, India.
| | - Gayathri Rangasamy
- University Centre for Research and Development & Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Vasanth Kumar Vaithyanathan
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Chennai, India
| | - Vinoth Kumar Vaidyanathan
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
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29
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Manyapu V, Lepcha A, Sharma SK, Kumar R. Role of psychrotrophic bacteria and cold-active enzymes in composting methods adopted in cold regions. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 121:1-26. [PMID: 36328730 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Temperature-dependent composting is a challenging task but is worthy if it is done in the right manner. Cold composting has been known to be practiced since ancient times but there were not enough advancements to overcome the long mesophilic phase and bring the compost maturation to a short period. The composting processes that have been well practiced are discussed and the role of psychrotrophic bacteria that produce cold tolerant hydrolytic enzymes has been highlighted. In this chapter, the mechanism of substrate degradation has been elaborated to better understand the need of specific bacteria for a specific kind of substrate allowing fast and efficient decomposition. This chapter attempts to pave an appropriate way and suggest the best-suited method of composting for efficient production of compost by the conservation of heat in cold regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Manyapu
- Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ayush Lepcha
- Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR- Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR- Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rakshak Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR- Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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30
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Tailoring Lignin-Based Spherical Particles as a Support for Lipase Immobilization. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12091031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin-based spherical particles have recently gained popularity due to their characteristic and the usage of biopolymeric material. In this study, lignin-based spherical particles were prepared using choline chloride at different pH values, ranging from 2 to 10. Their dispersive, microstructural, and physicochemical properties were studied by a variety of techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and zeta potential analysis. The best results were obtained for the particles prepared at pH 5 and 7, which had a spherical shape without a tendency to form aggregates and agglomerates. The lignin-based spherical particles were used for the immobilization of lipase, a model enzyme capable of catalyzing a wide range of transformations. It was shown that the highest relative activity of immobilized lipase was obtained after 24 h of immobilization at 30 °C and pH 7, using 100 mg of the support. Moreover, the immobilized lipase exhibited enhanced stability under harsh process conditions, and demonstrated high reusability, up to 87% after 10 cycles, depending on the support used. In the future, the described approach to enzyme immobilization based on lignin spheres may play a significant role in the catalytic synthesis of organic and fine chemicals, with high utility value.
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31
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Zheng B, Yu S, Chen Z, Huo YX. A consolidated review of commercial-scale high-value products from lignocellulosic biomass. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:933882. [PMID: 36081794 PMCID: PMC9445815 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.933882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, lignocellulosic biomass has been introduced to the public as the most important raw material for the environmentally and economically sustainable production of high-valued bioproducts by microorganisms. However, due to the strong recalcitrant structure, the lignocellulosic materials have major limitations to obtain fermentable sugars for transformation into value-added products, e.g., bioethanol, biobutanol, biohydrogen, etc. In this review, we analyzed the recent trends in bioenergy production from pretreated lignocellulose, with special attention to the new strategies for overcoming pretreatment barriers. In addition, persistent challenges in developing for low-cost advanced processing technologies are also pointed out, illustrating new approaches to addressing the global energy crisis and climate change caused by the use of fossil fuels. The insights given in this study will enable a better understanding of current processes and facilitate further development on lignocellulosic bioenergy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengzhu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenya Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Xin Huo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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32
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Shahbaz A, Hussain N, Saleem MZ, Saeed MU, Bilal M, Iqbal HM. Nanoparticles as stimulants for efficient generation of biofuels and renewables. FUEL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2022.123724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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33
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Chaput G, Ford J, DeDiego L, Narayanan A, Tam WY, Whalen M, Huntemann M, Clum A, Spunde A, Pillay M, Palaniappan K, Varghese N, Mikhailova N, Chen IM, Stamatis D, Reddy TBK, O’Malley R, Daum C, Shapiro N, Ivanova N, Kyrpides NC, Woyke T, Glavina del Rio T, DeAngelis KM. Sodalis ligni Strain 159R Isolated from an Anaerobic Lignin-Degrading Consortium. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0234621. [PMID: 35579457 PMCID: PMC9241852 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02346-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel bacterial isolates with the capabilities of lignin depolymerization, catabolism, or both, could be pertinent to lignocellulosic biofuel applications. In this study, we aimed to identify anaerobic bacteria that could address the economic challenges faced with microbial-mediated biotechnologies, such as the need for aeration and mixing. Using a consortium seeded from temperate forest soil and enriched under anoxic conditions with organosolv lignin as the sole carbon source, we successfully isolated a novel bacterium, designated 159R. Based on the 16S rRNA gene, the isolate belongs to the genus Sodalis in the family Bruguierivoracaceae. Whole-genome sequencing revealed a genome size of 6.38 Mbp and a GC content of 55 mol%. To resolve the phylogenetic position of 159R, its phylogeny was reconstructed using (i) 16S rRNA genes of its closest relatives, (ii) multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of 100 genes, (iii) 49 clusters of orthologous groups (COG) domains, and (iv) 400 conserved proteins. Isolate 159R was closely related to the deadwood associated Sodalis guild rather than the tsetse fly and other insect endosymbiont guilds. Estimated genome-sequence-based digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH), genome percentage of conserved proteins (POCP), and an alignment analysis between 159R and the Sodalis clade species further supported that isolate 159R was part of the Sodalis genus and a strain of Sodalis ligni. We proposed the name Sodalis ligni str. 159R (=DSM 110549 = ATCC TSD-177). IMPORTANCE Currently, in the paper industry, paper mill pulping relies on unsustainable and costly processes to remove lignin from lignocellulosic material. A greener approach is biopulping, which uses microbes and their enzymes to break down lignin. However, there are limitations to biopulping that prevent it from outcompeting other pulping processes, such as requiring constant aeration and mixing. Anaerobic bacteria are a promising alternative source for consolidated depolymerization of lignin and its conversion to valuable by-products. We presented Sodalis ligni str. 159R and its characteristics as another example of potential mechanisms that can be developed for lignocellulosic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Chaput
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts–Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jacob Ford
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts–Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lani DeDiego
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts–Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Achala Narayanan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts–Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wing Yin Tam
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts–Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Meghan Whalen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts–Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marcel Huntemann
- United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Alicia Clum
- United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Alex Spunde
- United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Manoj Pillay
- United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | - Neha Varghese
- United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Natalia Mikhailova
- United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - I-Min Chen
- United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Dimitrios Stamatis
- United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - T. B. K Reddy
- United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Ronan O’Malley
- United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Chris Daum
- United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Nicole Shapiro
- United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Natalia Ivanova
- United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Nikos C. Kyrpides
- United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Tanja Woyke
- United States Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | - Kristen M. DeAngelis
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts–Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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Cellulase immobilized onto amino-functionalized magnetic Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticle for poplar deconstruction. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02292-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Sánchez-Quitian ZA, Quitian-Romero JC, Moreno-Buitrago AT, Montoya Barreto S, Sanjuan T, Ortiz-Rosas JP. Isolation and characterization of wood-decomposing basidiomycetes from the Andean Forest in Boyacá, Colombia. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:1425-1437. [PMID: 35446011 PMCID: PMC9433503 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00760-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explores the biotechnological potential of lignocellulolytic fungi collected in an oak forest. Fungal collections were obtained from natural reserves located in Boyacá-Colombia, ranging from 2700 to 3000 m.a.s.l. Twenty-three strains were isolated on malt agar, molecular characterization was performed, and ligninolytic and cellulolytic enzymatic activities were screened. Several white-rot fungi of biotechnological importance were identified as follows: Trametes sp., Trametes versicolor, Trametes villosa, Pycnoporus sanguineus, Bjerkandera adjusta, Lentinula boryana, Panus conchatus, Antrodia neotropica, Brunneoporus malicola, Laetiporus gilbertsonii, Stereum sp., Ganoderma sp., and Dichomitus sp. The strains T. versicolor 0554 and 0583, T. villosa 0562, and B. adusta 0556 showed the highest response in the qualitative enzymatic assays. These strains were used to determine their ability to decolorate the dyes aniline blue and Congo red, and it was found that T. villosa 0562 reached a level of decolorization close to 90% after 48 h of submerged culture. The fungal strains obtained here could offer alternatives to develop a process to accomplish sustainable development objectives.
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Bichot A, Raouche S, Faulds CB, Mechin V, Bernet N, Delgenès JP, García-Bernet D. Effects of successive microwave and enzymatic treatments on the release of p-hydroxycinnamic acids from two types of grass biomass. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Advancements in the Conversion of Lipid-Rich Biowastes and Lignocellulosic Residues into High-Quality Road and Jet Biofuels Using Nanomaterials as Catalysts. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10020187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, the majority of available road and jet biofuels are produced from oleochemical feedstocks that include vegetable oils and biowastes such as waste cooking oils and animal fats. Additionally, one of the most promising ways to achieve long-term environmental goals is to sustainably use lignocellulosic residues. These resources must be treated through a deoxygenation process and subsequent upgrading processes to obtain high-quality road and jet biofuels. Accordingly, in this review, we explore recent advancements in the deoxygenation of oleochemical and lignocellulosic feedstocks in the absence of hydrogen to produce high-quality road and jet biofuels, mainly focusing on the use of nanomaterials as catalysts and the valorization of lipid-rich biowastes and lignocellulosic residues. As a result, we found that regardless of the catalyst particle size, the coexistence of basic sites and weak/medium acid sites is highly important in catalytic systems. Basic sites can enhance the removal of oxygenates via decarboxylation and decarbonylation reactions and inhibit coke formation, while weak/medium acid sites can enhance the cracking reaction. Additionally, the extraction of value-added derivatives from lignocellulosic residues and their subsequent upgrade require the use of advanced methods such as the lignin-first approach and condensation reactions.
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Guo H, He T, Lee DJ. Contemporary proteomic research on lignocellulosic enzymes and enzymolysis: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126263. [PMID: 34728359 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This review overviewed the current researches on the isolation of novel strains, the development of novel identification protocols, the key enzymes and their synergistic interactions with other functional enzyme systems, and the strategies for enhancing enzymolysis efficiencies. The main obstacle for realizing biorefinery of lignocellulosic biomass to biofuels or biochemicals is the high cost of enzymolysis stage. Therefore, research prospects to reduce the costs for lignocellulose hydrolysis were outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Guo
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Tongyuan He
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tang, Hong Kong.
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Lorente-Arevalo A, Garcia-Martin A, Ladero M, Bolivar JM. Chemical Reaction Engineering to Understand Applied Kinetics in Free Enzyme Homogeneous Reactors. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2397:277-320. [PMID: 34813070 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1826-4_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chemical reaction engineering is interested in elucidating the reaction kinetics through the determination of the fundamental influencing variables. The understanding of enzyme kinetics is needed to implement the potential of enzymes to satisfy determined production targets and for the design of the reactor. The quantification of the enzyme kinetics is implemented by the elucidation and building of the kinetic model (it includes one or more kinetic equations). In the context of process development, the kinetic model is not only useful to identify feasibility and for optimizing reaction conditions but also, at an early stage of development it is very useful to anticipate implementation bottlenecks, and so guide reactor setup. In this chapter we describe theoretical and practical considerations to illustrate the methodological framework of kinetic analysis. We take as study cases four archetypal kinetic cases by using as example the hydrolysis of cellobiose catalyzed by a beta-glucosidase. We show the different experimental data that can be obtained by the monitoring of enzymatic reactions in different configuration of free enzyme homogeneous ideal reactors; we show step-by-step the visualization, treatment, and analysis of data to elucidate kinetic models and the procedure for the quantification of kinetic constants. Finally, the performance of different reactors is compared in the interplay with the enzyme kinetics. This book chapter aims at being useful for a broad multidisciplinary audience and different levels of academic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Lorente-Arevalo
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Garcia-Martin
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ladero
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan M Bolivar
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Wu D, Wei Z, Mohamed TA, Zheng G, Qu F, Wang F, Zhao Y, Song C. Lignocellulose biomass bioconversion during composting: Mechanism of action of lignocellulase, pretreatment methods and future perspectives. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131635. [PMID: 34346339 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Composting is a biodegradation and transformation process that converts lignocellulosic biomass into value-added products, such as humic substances (HSs). However, the recalcitrant nature of lignocellulose hinders the utilization of cellulose and hemicellulose, decreasing the bioconversion efficiency of lignocellulose. Pretreatment is an essential step to disrupt the structure of lignocellulosic biomass. Many pretreatment methods for composting may cause microbial inactivation and death. Thus, the pretreatment methods suitable for composting can promote the degradation and transformation of lignocellulosic biomass. Therefore, this review summarizes the pretreatment methods suitable for composting. Microbial consortium pretreatment, Fenton pretreatment and surfactant-assisted pretreatment for composting may improve the bioconversion process. Microbial consortium pretreatment is a cost-effective pretreatment method to enhance HSs yields during composting. On the other hand, the efficiency of enzyme production during composting is very important for the degradation of lignocellulose, whose action mechanism is unknown. Therefore, this review describes the mechanism of action of lignocellulase, the predominant microbes producing lignocellulase and their related genes. Finally, optimizing pretreatment conditions and increasing enzymatic hydrolysis to improve the quality of composts by controlling suitable microenvironmental factors and core target microbial activities as a research focus in the bioconversion of lignocellulose during composting in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zimin Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Taha Ahmed Mohamed
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Soil, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Guangren Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Fengting Qu
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Feng Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Caihong Song
- College of Life Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China
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Saini S, Sharma KK. Fungal lignocellulolytic enzymes and lignocellulose: A critical review on their contribution to multiproduct biorefinery and global biofuel research. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:2304-2319. [PMID: 34800524 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The continuous increase in the global energy demand has diminished fossil fuel reserves and elevated the risk of environmental deterioration and human health. Biorefinery processes involved in producing bio-based energy-enriched chemicals have paved way to meet the energy demands. Compared to the thermochemical processes, fungal system biorefinery processes seems to be a promising approach for lignocellulose conversion. It also offers an eco-friendly and energy-efficient route for biofuel generation. Essentially, ligninolytic white-rot fungi and their enzyme arsenals degrade the plant biomass into structural constituents with minimal by-products generation. Hemi- or cellulolytic enzymes from certain soft and brown-rot fungi are always favoured to hydrolyze complex polysaccharides into fermentable sugars and other value-added products. However, the cost of saccharifying enzymes remains the major limitation, which hinders their application in lignocellulosic biorefinery. In the past, research has been focused on the role of lignocellulolytic fungi in biofuel production; however, a cumulative study comprising the contribution of the lignocellulolytic enzymes in biorefinery technologies is still lagging. Therefore, the overarching goal of this review article is to discuss the major contribution of lignocellulolytic fungi and their enzyme arsenal in global biofuel research and multiproduct biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Saini
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Recombinant DNA Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Krishna Kant Sharma
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Recombinant DNA Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India.
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Illuri R, Kumar M, Eyini M, Veeramanikandan V, Almaary KS, Elbadawi YB, Biraqdar MA, Balaji P. Production, partial purification and characterization of ligninolytic enzymes from selected basidiomycetes mushroom fungi. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:7207-7218. [PMID: 34867024 PMCID: PMC8626257 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, many research on the quantity of lignocellulosic waste have been developed. The production, partial purification, and characterisation of ligninolytic enzymes from various fungi are described in this work. On the 21st day of incubation in Potato Dextrose (PD) broth, Hypsizygus ulmarius developed the most laccase (14.83 × 10−6 IU/ml) and manganese peroxidase (24.11 × 10−6 IU/ml), while Pleurotus florida produced the most lignin peroxidase (19.56 × −6 IU/ml). Laccase (Lac), lignin peroxidase (LiP), and manganese peroxidase (MnP), all generated by selected basidiomycetes mushroom fungi, were largely isolated using ammonium sulphate precipitation followed by dialysis. Laccase, lignin peroxidase, and manganese peroxidase purification findings indicated 1.83, 2.13, and 1.77 fold purity enhancements, respectively. Specific activity of purified laccase enzyme preparations ranged from 305.80 to 376.85 IU/mg, purified lignin peroxidase from 258.51 to 336.95 IU/mg, and purified manganese peroxidase from 253.45 to 529.34 IU/mg. H. ulmarius laccase (376.85 IU/mg) with 1.83 fold purification had the highest specific activity of all the ligninolytic enzymes studied, followed by 2.13 fold purification in lignin peroxidase (350.57 IU/mg) and manganese peroxidase (529.34 IU/mg) with 1.77-fold purification. Three notable bands with molecular weights ranging from 43 to 68 kDa and a single prominent band with a molecular weight of 97.4 kDa were identified on a Native PAGE gel from mycelial proteins of selected mushroom fungus. The SDS PAGE profiles of the mycelial proteins from the selected mushroom fungus were similar to the native PAGE. All three partially purified ligninolytic isozymes display three bands in native gel electrophoresis, with only one prominent band in enzyme activity staining. The 43 kDa, 55 kDa, and 68 kDa protein bands correspond to laccase, lignin peroxidase, and manganese peroxidase, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramanaiah Illuri
- PG and Research Centre in Biotechnology, MGR College, Hosur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Kumar
- Department of Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology, Madras Christian College (Autonomous), Tambaram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Eyini
- Department of Botany, Thiagarajar College (Autonomous), Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Veeramanikandan
- PG and Research Centre in Microbiology, MGR College, Hosur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Khalid S Almaary
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya B Elbadawi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Biraqdar
- College of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009 Australia
| | - P Balaji
- PG and Research Centre in Biotechnology, MGR College, Hosur, Tamil Nadu, India
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Morreeuw ZP, Ríos-González LJ, Salinas-Salazar C, Melchor-Martínez EM, Ascacio-Valdés JA, Parra-Saldívar R, Iqbal HMN, Reyes AG. Early Optimization Stages of Agave lechuguilla Bagasse Processing toward Biorefinement: Drying Procedure and Enzymatic Hydrolysis for Flavonoid Extraction. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237292. [PMID: 34885874 PMCID: PMC8659232 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Agave lechuguilla agro-waste is a promising renewable material for biorefining purposes. The procurement of added-value co-products, such as bioactive phytochemicals, is required to improve bioprocesses and promote the bio-based economy of the productive areas of Mexico. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of post-harvest management and enzymatic pretreatment as the first stages of the A. lechuguilla valorization process. Four drying methods were compared, and enzymatic hydrolysis was optimized to obtain a flavonoid-enriched extract applying ultrasound-assisted extraction. In both experiments, the total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) contents, HPLC-UV flavonoid profiles, and radical scavenging capacity (DPPH) were considered as response variables. The results demonstrated that light exposure during the drying process particularly affected the flavonoid content, whereas oven-dehydration at 40 °C in the dark preserved the flavonoid diversity and antioxidant functionality of the extracts. Flavonoid glycoside recovery, particularly anthocyanidins, was 1.5-1.4-fold enhanced by enzymatic hydrolysis using the commercial mix Ultraflo© under optimized conditions (pH 4, 40 °C, 180 rpm, and 2.5 h) compared to the unpretreated biomass. The extraction of flavonoids from A. lechuguilla bagasse can be carried out using a scalable drying method and enzymatic pretreatment. This study confirmed the potential of this agro-waste as a source of marketable natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoé P. Morreeuw
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo Santa Rita Sur, La Paz 23096, Mexico;
| | - Leopoldo J. Ríos-González
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila (UAdeC), Blvd. V. Carranza, Republica Oriente, Saltillo 25280, Mexico;
| | - Carmen Salinas-Salazar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (C.S.-S.); (E.M.M.-M.)
| | - Elda M. Melchor-Martínez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (C.S.-S.); (E.M.M.-M.)
| | - Juan A. Ascacio-Valdés
- Bioprocess and Bioproducts Research Group, Food Research Department, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila (UAdeC), Republica Oriente, Saltillo 25280, Mexico;
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldívar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (C.S.-S.); (E.M.M.-M.)
- Correspondence: (R.P.-S.); (H.M.N.I.); (A.G.R.)
| | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (C.S.-S.); (E.M.M.-M.)
- Correspondence: (R.P.-S.); (H.M.N.I.); (A.G.R.)
| | - Ana G. Reyes
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo Santa Rita Sur, La Paz 23096, Mexico;
- CONACYT-CIBNOR, Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo Santa Rita Sur, La Paz 23096, Mexico
- Correspondence: (R.P.-S.); (H.M.N.I.); (A.G.R.)
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Filho JAF, Rosolen RR, Almeida DA, de Azevedo PHC, Motta MLL, Aono AH, dos Santos CA, Horta MAC, de Souza AP. Trends in biological data integration for the selection of enzymes and transcription factors related to cellulose and hemicellulose degradation in fungi. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:475. [PMID: 34777932 PMCID: PMC8548487 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03032-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi are key players in biotechnological applications. Although several studies focusing on fungal diversity and genetics have been performed, many details of fungal biology remain unknown, including how cellulolytic enzymes are modulated within these organisms to allow changes in main plant cell wall compounds, cellulose and hemicellulose, and subsequent biomass conversion. With the advent and consolidation of DNA/RNA sequencing technology, different types of information can be generated at the genomic, structural and functional levels, including the gene expression profiles and regulatory mechanisms of these organisms, during degradation-induced conditions. This increase in data generation made rapid computational development necessary to deal with the large amounts of data generated. In this context, the origination of bioinformatics, a hybrid science integrating biological data with various techniques for information storage, distribution and analysis, was a fundamental step toward the current state-of-the-art in the postgenomic era. The possibility of integrating biological big data has facilitated exciting discoveries, including identifying novel mechanisms and more efficient enzymes, increasing yields, reducing costs and expanding opportunities in the bioprocess field. In this review, we summarize the current status and trends of the integration of different types of biological data through bioinformatics approaches for biological data analysis and enzyme selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaire A. Ferreira Filho
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - Rafaela R. Rosolen
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - Deborah A. Almeida
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique C. de Azevedo
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - Maria Lorenza L. Motta
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - Alexandre H. Aono
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - Clelton A. dos Santos
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP Brazil
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - Maria Augusta C. Horta
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP Brazil
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Anete P. de Souza
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP Brazil
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-875 Brazil
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Insights into the Lignocellulose-Degrading Enzyme System of Humicola grisea var. thermoidea Based on Genome and Transcriptome Analysis. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0108821. [PMID: 34523973 PMCID: PMC8557918 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01088-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Humicola grisea var. thermoidea is a thermophilic ascomycete and important enzyme producer that has an efficient enzymatic system with a broad spectrum of thermostable carbohydrate-active (CAZy) enzymes. These enzymes can be employed in lignocellulose biomass deconstruction and other industrial applications. In this work, the genome of H. grisea var. thermoidea was sequenced. The acquired sequence reads were assembled into a total length of 28.75 Mbp. Genome features correlate with what was expected for thermophilic Sordariomycetes. The transcriptomic data showed that sugarcane bagasse significantly upregulated genes related to primary metabolism and polysaccharide deconstruction, especially hydrolases, at both pH 5 and pH 8. However, a number of exclusive and shared genes between the pH values were found, especially at pH 8. H. grisea expresses an average of 211 CAZy enzymes (CAZymes), which are capable of acting in different substrates. The top upregulated genes at both pH values represent CAZyme-encoding genes from different classes, including acetylxylan esterase, endo-1,4-β-mannosidase, exoglucanase, and endoglucanase genes. For the first time, the arsenal that the thermophilic fungus H. grisea var. thermoidea possesses to degrade the lignocellulosic biomass is shown. Carbon source and pH are of pivotal importance in regulating gene expression in this organism, and alkaline pH is a key regulatory factor for sugarcane bagasse hydrolysis. This work paves the way for the genetic manipulation and robust biotechnological applications of this fungus. IMPORTANCE Most studies regarding the use of fungi as enzyme producers for biomass deconstruction have focused on mesophile species, whereas the potential of thermophiles has been evaluated less. This study revealed, through genome and transcriptome analyses, the genetic repertoire of the biotechnological relevant thermophile fungus Humicola grisea. Comparative genomics helped us to further understand the biology and biotechnological potential of H. grisea. The results demonstrate that this fungus possesses an arsenal of carbohydrate-active (CAZy) enzymes to degrade the lignocellulosic biomass. Indeed, it expresses more than 200 genes encoding CAZy enzymes when cultivated in sugarcane bagasse. Carbon source and pH are key factors for regulating the gene expression in this organism. This work shows, for the first time, the great potential of H. grisea as an enzyme producer and a gene donor for biotechnological applications and provides the base for the genetic manipulation and robust biotechnological applications of this fungus.
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Dantas CP, Pinchemel JPD, Jesus GMDE, Pimentel MB, Oliveira OMC, Queiroz AFS, Lima DF. Bioprospection of ligninolytic enzymes from marine origin filamentous fungi. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20210296. [PMID: 34586183 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120210296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi are excellent producers of extracellular enzymes. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the screening of marine fungi, which are laccase and manganese peroxidase potential producers, in solid fermentation for future applications in bioremediation processes of contaminated sites. For this purpose, two-level factorial planning was adopted, using time (6 and 15 days) and the absence or presence of oil (0 and 1%) as factors. The semi-quantitative evaluation was carried out by calculating radial growth, enzyme activity and enzyme index by measuring phenol red or syringaldazine oxidation halo. The results showed that all the studied strains showed a positive result for manganese peroxidase production, with an enzymatic activity in solid medium less than 0.61, indicating a strongly positive activity. Through the enzyme index, the study also showed prominence for Penicillium sp. strains, with values > 2. The enzyme index increase in oil presence and the inexpressive use of the genera studied for ligninolytic enzymes production from crude oil demonstrated these data importance for fermentative processes optimization. Considering the ability of these strains to develop into recalcitrant compounds and the potential for manganese peroxidase production, they are indicated for exploitation in various bioremediation technologies, as well as other biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila P Dantas
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Geociências, Departamento de Oceanografia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, s/n, Ondina, 40170-110 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - João Pedro D Pinchemel
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Geociências, Departamento de Oceanografia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, s/n, Ondina, 40170-110 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Gisele M DE Jesus
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Geociências, Departamento de Oceanografia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, s/n, Ondina, 40170-110 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Milena B Pimentel
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Geociências, Departamento de Oceanografia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, s/n, Ondina, 40170-110 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Olívia Maria C Oliveira
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Geociências, Departamento de Oceanografia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, s/n, Ondina, 40170-110 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Antônio Fernando S Queiroz
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Geociências, Departamento de Oceanografia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, s/n, Ondina, 40170-110 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Danusia F Lima
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Geociências, Departamento de Oceanografia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, s/n, Ondina, 40170-110 Salvador, BA, Brazil
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47
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Gupta GK, Dixit M, Kapoor RK, Shukla P. Xylanolytic Enzymes in Pulp and Paper Industry: New Technologies and Perspectives. Mol Biotechnol 2021; 64:130-143. [PMID: 34580813 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-021-00396-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The pulp and paper industry discharges massive amount of wastewater containing hazardous organochlorine compounds released during different processing stages. Therefore, some cost-effective and nonpolluting practices such as enzymatic treatments are required for the potential mitigation of effluents released in the environment. Various xylanolytic enzymes such as xylanases, laccases, cellulases and hemicellulases are used to hydrolyse raw materials in the paper manufacturing industry. These enzymes are used either individually or in combination, which has the efficient potential to be considered for bio-deinking and bio-bleaching components. They are highly dynamic, renewable, and high in specificity for enhancing paper quality. The xylanase act on the xylan and cellulases act on the cellulose fibers, and thus increase the bleaching efficacy of paper. Similarly, hemicellulase enzyme like endo-xylanases, arabinofuranosidase and β-D-xylosidases have been described as functional properties towards the biodegradation of biomass. In contrast, laccase enzymes act as multi-copper oxidoreductases, bleaching the paper by the oxidation and reduction process. Laccases possess low redox potential compared to other enzymes, which need some redox mediators to catalyze. The enzymatic process can be affected by various factors such as pH, temperature, metal ions, incubation periods, etc. These factors can either increase or decrease the efficiency of the enzymes. This review draws attention to the xylanolytic enzyme-based advanced technologies for pulp bleaching in the paper industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guddu Kumar Gupta
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Mandeep Dixit
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Rajeev Kumar Kapoor
- Enzyme and Fermentation Technology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India.
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Chanda K, Mozumder AB, Chorei R, Gogoi RK, Prasad HK. A Lignocellulolytic Colletotrichum sp. OH with Broad-Spectrum Tolerance to Lignocellulosic Pretreatment Compounds and Derivatives and the Efficiency to Produce Hydrogen Peroxide and 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Tolerant Cellulases. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:785. [PMID: 34682207 PMCID: PMC8540663 DOI: 10.3390/jof7100785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal endophytes are an emerging source of novel traits and biomolecules suitable for lignocellulosic biomass treatment. This work documents the toxicity tolerance of Colletotrichum sp. OH toward various lignocellulosic pretreatment-derived inhibitors. The effects of aldehydes (vanillin, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural; HMF), acids (gallic, formic, levulinic, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid), phenolics (hydroquinone, p-coumaric acid), and two pretreatment chemicals (hydrogen peroxide and ionic liquid), on the mycelium growth, biomass accumulation, and lignocellulolytic enzyme activities, were tested. The reported Colletotrichum sp. OH was naturally tolerant to high concentrations of single inhibitors like HMF (IC50; 17.5 mM), levulinic acid (IC50; 29.7 mM), hydroquinone (IC50; 10.76 mM), and H2O2 (IC50; 50 mM). The lignocellulolytic enzymes displayed a wide range of single and mixed inhibitor tolerance profiles. The enzymes β-glucosidase and endoglucanase showed H2O2- and HMF-dependent activity enhancements. The enzyme β-glucosidase activity was 34% higher in 75 mM and retained 20% activity in 125 mM H2O2. Further, β-glucosidase activity increased to 24 and 32% in the presence of 17.76 and 8.8 mM HMF. This research suggests that the Colletotrichum sp. OH, or its enzymes, can be used to pretreat plant biomass, hydrolyze it, and remove inhibitory by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Himanshu Kishore Prasad
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar 788011, India; (K.C.); (A.B.M.); (R.C.); (R.K.G.)
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Zhang C, Liu YP, Du JL, Liu H, Zhu SL, Chen L, Wang XX, Yang XS, Tian S. High-solid digestion from cellulosic ethanol stillage with activated sludge of simultaneous propionate degradation and methanogenesis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 330:124951. [PMID: 33735734 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
High solid anaerobic digestion (HSAD) was an emerging bioconversion technology which had the advantages of small digester, less digestate and low heating energy. A one-stage anaerobic system in CSTR by inoculating activated sludge of simultaneous propionate degradation and methanogenesis was proposed to improve the high-solid digestion performance and to stabilize the reaction process. Semi-continuous mode was successfully used to perform HSAD from cellulosic ethanol whole stillage at an initial substrate loading of 15.4% (w/w) dry matter content with different OLRs from 1.5 to 5.0 gVS·L-1 d-1 at an HRT of 30 days. The average methane yield during whole digestion reached 349.9 mL⋅gVS-1 with a total VS removal rate of 61.3%. The acclimation mechanism of multifunctional activated sludge was also explored by analyzing the functional property, physiological activity and microbial community structure. The results indicated the feasibility and efficiency of multifunctional activated sludge in a semi-continuous high-solid stirred tank reactor system.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Zhang
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Y P Liu
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Beijing 100029, China
| | - J L Du
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - H Liu
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - S L Zhu
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - L Chen
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - X X Wang
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - X S Yang
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - S Tian
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
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50
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Song M, Topakas E, Yu Q, Yuan Z, Wang Z, Guo Y. Combining Michaelis-Menten theory and enzyme deactivation reactions for the kinetic study of enzymatic hydrolysis by different pretreated sugarcane bagasse. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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