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Upadhya B, Brubaker PH, Nicklas BJ, Houston DK, Haykowsky MJ, Kitzman DW. Long-term Changes in Body Composition and Exercise Capacity Following Calorie Restriction and Exercise Training in Older Patients with Obesity and Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. J Card Fail 2024:S1071-9164(24)00226-4. [PMID: 38971299 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2024.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is the dominant form of HF among older persons. In a randomized trial, we previously showed that a 5-month calorie restriction (CR) program, with or without aerobic exercise training (AT), resulted in significant weight and fat loss and improved exercise capacity. However, little is known regarding the long-term effects of these outcomes after a short-term (5-month) intervention of CR with or without AT in older patients with obesity and HFpEF. METHODS Sixteen participants from either the CR or CR+AT who experienced significant weight loss ≥2 kg were reexamined after a long-term follow-up endpoint (28.0±10.8 months) without intervention. The follow-up assessment included body weight and composition via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and exhaustive cardiopulmonary treadmill exercise testing. RESULTS Compared to the 5-month time point intervention endpoint, at the long-term follow-up endpoint, mean body weight increased +5.2±4.0 kg (90.7±11.2kg versus 95.9±11.9, p<0.001) due to increased fat mass (38.9± 9.3 versus 43.8 ± 9.8, p<0.001) with no change in lean mass (49.6±7.1 versus 49.9±7.6, p=0.67), resulting in worse body composition (decreased lean-to-fat mass). Change in total mass was strongly and significantly correlated with change in fat mass (r=0.75, p<0.001), whereas there appeared to be a weaker correlation with change in lean mass (r=0.50, p=0.051). Additionally, from the end of the 5-month time point intervention endpoint to the long-term follow-up endpoint, there were large, significant decreases in VO2peak (-2.2± 2.1ml/kg/min, p=0.003) and exercise time (-2.4±2.6min, p=0.006). There appeared to be an inverse correlation between the change in VO2peak and the change in fat mass (r=-0.52, p=0.062). CONCLUSION Although CR and CR+AT in older patients with obesity and HFpEF can significantly improve body composition and exercise capacity, these positive changes diminish considerably during long-term follow-up endpoint, and regained weight is predominantly adipose, resulting in worsened overall body composition compared to baseline. This suggests a need for long-term adherence strategies to prevent weight regain and maintain improvements in body composition and exercise capacity following CR in older patients with obesity and HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharathi Upadhya
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Peter H Brubaker
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University.
| | | | - Denise K Houston
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University
| | - Mark J Haykowsky
- College of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta
| | - Dalane W Kitzman
- Cardiovascular Medicine Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine Wake Forest School of Medicine
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Knobloch IDS, Souza GC, Vale MDM, Ribeiro ÉCT, Silva FM. Association between isolated or combined malnutrition and sarcopenia and quality of life in heart failure outpatients: A cross-sectional study. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2024; 48:588-596. [PMID: 38738981 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) is a chronic condition with symptoms linked to worse quality of life. Malnutrition and sarcopenia are conditions frequently found in patients with HF. This study aims to evaluate the association between isolated or combined malnutrition and sarcopenia and quality of life in outpatients with HF. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study with a sample of outpatients with HF aged ≥18 years. Malnutrition was assessed according to the criteria of the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition, and sarcopenia was evaluated by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Quality of life was assessed using the Minnesota Living with HF questionnaire (MLHFQ). Clinical and sociodemographic data were collected. RESULTS One hundred and fifty-one patients were included in this study, with a median (interquartile range) age of 58 (48-65) years, 58.9% were adults, and 68.9% were male. A total of 29.5% of the patients were malnourished, and 28.5% and 2.6% were identified with probable sarcopenia and sarcopenia, respectively. Of the total, 15.9% of patients were identified with both conditions. Sarcopenia was associated with higher odds of increase in the MLHFQ total score, indicating worse quality of life (odds ratio [OR] = 3.61; 95% CI, 1.65-7.89). The same was found in the presence of two conditions (OR 3.97; 95% CI, 1.32-11.54), whereas isolated malnutrition was not related to life quality (OR = 1.62; 95% CI, 0.73-3.60). CONCLUSION The presence of malnutrition and sarcopenia simultaneously were associated with worse quality of life scores when compared with these isolated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriela Corrêa Souza
- Department of Nutrition and Post Graduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Food and Nutrition Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Flávia Moraes Silva
- Nutrition Department and Nutrition Science Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Sato R, Vatic M, Peixoto da Fonseca GW, Anker SD, von Haehling S. Biological basis and treatment of frailty and sarcopenia. Cardiovasc Res 2024:cvae073. [PMID: 38828887 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In an ageing society, the importance of maintaining healthy life expectancy has been emphasized. As a result of age-related decline in functional reserve, frailty is a state of increased vulnerability and susceptibility to adverse health outcomes with a serious impact on healthy life expectancy. The decline in skeletal muscle mass and function, also known as sarcopenia, is key in the development of physical frailty. Both frailty and sarcopenia are highly prevalent in patients not only with advanced age but also in patients with illnesses that exacerbate their progression like heart failure (HF), cancer, or dementia, with the prevalence of frailty and sarcopenia in HF patients reaching up to 50-75% and 19.5-47.3%, respectively, resulting in 1.5-3 times higher 1-year mortality. The biological mechanisms of frailty and sarcopenia are multifactorial, complex, and not yet fully elucidated, ranging from DNA damage, proteostasis impairment, and epigenetic changes to mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, and environmental factors, many of which are further linked to cardiac disease. Currently, there is no gold standard for the treatment of frailty and sarcopenia, however, growing evidence supports that a combination of exercise training and nutritional supplement improves skeletal muscle function and frailty, with a variety of other therapies being devised based on the underlying pathophysiology. In this review, we address the involvement of frailty and sarcopenia in cardiac disease and describe the latest insights into their biological mechanisms as well as the potential for intervention through exercise, diet, and specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Sato
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mirela Vatic
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Guilherme Wesley Peixoto da Fonseca
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Department of Cardiology (CVK) of German Heart Center Charité; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Stephan von Haehling
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Sato R, von Haehling S. Targeting obesity for therapeutic intervention in heart failure patients. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2024; 22:217-230. [PMID: 38864827 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2024.2363395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a highly heterogeneous syndrome, making it challenging to improve prognosis with pharmacotherapy. Obesity is one of the leading phenotypes of HFpEF, and its prevalence continues to grow worldwide. Consequently, obesity-targeted interventions have attracted attention as a novel treatment strategy for HFpEF. AREAS COVERED The authors review the association between the pathogenesis of obesity and HFpEF and the potential for obesity-targeted pharmacotherapeutic strategies in HFpEF, together with the latest evidence. The literature search was conducted in PubMed up to April 2024. EXPERT OPINION The STEP HFpEF (Semaglutide Treatment Effect in People with obesity and HFpEF) and SELECT (Semaglutide Effects on Cardiovascular Outcomes in People with Overweight or Obesity) trials recently demonstrated that the glucagon-like peptide 1 analogue, semaglutide, improves various aspects of clinical outcomes in obese HFpEF patients and significantly reduces cardiovascular and heart failure events in non-diabetic obese patients, along with a substantial weight loss. Future clinical trials with other incretin mimetics with more potent weight loss and sub-analyses of the SELECT trial may further emphasize the importance of the obesity phenotype-based approach in the treatment of HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Sato
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Lower Saxony, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stephan von Haehling
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Lower Saxony, Göttingen, Germany
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Fuentes-Abolafio IJ, Ricci M, Bernal-López MR, Gómez-Huelgas R, Cuesta-Vargas AI, Pérez-Belmonte LM. Relationship between quadriceps femoris echotexture biomarkers and muscle strength and physical function in older adults with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Exp Gerontol 2024; 190:112412. [PMID: 38570057 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle wasting is pronounced in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The quadriceps femoris echotexture biomarkers assessed by ultrasound (US) have not been studied in these patients. OBJECTIVE To describe echotexture biomarkers assessed by the US and to assess their relationship with sex, age, body mass index (BMI), self-reported outcomes, muscle strength and physical function in older adults with HFpEF. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted. Patients 70 years and older with HFpEF were included. The sex, age, BMI, and self-reported outcomes were collected. The US assessed muscle and subcutaneous fat tissue contrast, correlation, energy, homogeneity, and entropy at rest and maximal voluntary isometrical contraction (MVIC). The six-minute walk test (6MWT), the short physical performance battery (SPPB), the timed up and go test (TUG), the usual pace gait speed test (UGS), and the fast pace gait speed test (FGS) were used to assess physical function. The five-repetitions sit-to-stand test (5-STS) was performed to assess muscle strength. Bivariant Pearson correlations and subsequent multivariate linear regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS Seventy-two older adults with HFpEF [81.06 years, 29.13 BMI, and 55.60% females] were recruited. In women, relaxed and MVIC muscle energy and entropy explained 35.40% of the TUG variance; relaxed muscle entropy and MVIC muscle energy shared 24.00% of the UGS variance; relaxed and MVIC muscle entropy, MVIC muscle contrast and MVIC muscle energy explained 32.60% of the FGS variance, adjusted all the models by age and BMI. CONCLUSIONS Echotexture biomarkers are related to women's muscle strength and physical function, especially muscle energy, contrast, and entropy. Echotexture biomarkers assessed by the US could facilitate the management of older adults with HFpEF, monitor its progression and assess the effectiveness of treatments on the musculoskeletal structure. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03909919. April 10, 2019. Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván José Fuentes-Abolafio
- Grupo de Investigación Clinimetría CTS-631, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA-Bionand)), IBIMA Plataforma‑Bionand, Málaga, Spain
| | - Michele Ricci
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - María Rosa Bernal-López
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA-Bionand)), IBIMA Plataforma‑Bionand, Málaga, Spain; Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain; CIBER Fisio-patología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Gómez-Huelgas
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA-Bionand)), IBIMA Plataforma‑Bionand, Málaga, Spain; Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain; CIBER Fisio-patología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Ignacio Cuesta-Vargas
- Grupo de Investigación Clinimetría CTS-631, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA-Bionand)), IBIMA Plataforma‑Bionand, Málaga, Spain; School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health at the Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Luis Miguel Pérez-Belmonte
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA-Bionand)), IBIMA Plataforma‑Bionand, Málaga, Spain; Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Herrera-Martínez AD, Jiménez CM, Romo AN, Aguilera JL, Crespin MC, Baena BT, Casado-Díaz A, Moreno MÁG, Puerta MJM, Roger AJ. Nutritional Support Reduces Circulating Cytokines in Patients with Heart Failure. Nutrients 2024; 16:1637. [PMID: 38892570 PMCID: PMC11174422 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Increased inflammation is associated with the pathogenesis of heart failure (HF). Increased circulating levels of cytokines have been previously reported and generally associated with worse clinical outcomes. In this context, the modulation of inflammation-related parameters seems to be a reasonable therapeutic option for improving the clinical course of the disease. Based on this, we aimed to compare changes in circulating cytokines when Mediterranean diet alone or in combination with hypercaloric, hyperproteic oral nutritional supplements (ONS), enriched with omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids were administered to patients with HF. Briefly, patients were randomly assigned to receive Mediterranean Diet (control group) vs. Mediterranean Diet plus ONS (intervention group). We observed increased circulating levels of IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 and IP-10. MCP-1 and IL-6 were associated with overweight and obesity (p = 0.01-0.01-0.04, respectively); IL-6 and IL-8 were positively correlated with fat mass and CRP serum levels (p = 0.02-0.04, respectively). Circulating levels of IL-8 significantly decreased in all patients treated with the Mediterranean diet, while IL-6 and IP-10 only significantly decreased in patients that received plus ONS. In the univariate analysis, MCP-1 and its combination with IL-6 were associated with increased mortality (p = 0.02), while the multivariate analysis confirmed that MCP-1 was an independent factor for mortality (OR 1.01, 95%ci 1.01-1.02). In conclusion, nutritional support using hypercaloric, hyperproteic, n-3 enriched ONS in combination with Mediterranean Diet was associated with decreased circulating levels of some cytokines and could represent an interesting step for improving heart functionality of patients with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aura D. Herrera-Martínez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain (B.T.B.); (M.Á.G.M.)
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Concepción Muñoz Jiménez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain (B.T.B.); (M.Á.G.M.)
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ana Navas Romo
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain (B.T.B.); (M.Á.G.M.)
- Immunology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - José López Aguilera
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain (B.T.B.); (M.Á.G.M.)
- Cardiology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Bárbara Torrecillas Baena
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain (B.T.B.); (M.Á.G.M.)
| | - Antonio Casado-Díaz
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain (B.T.B.); (M.Á.G.M.)
| | - María Ángeles Gálvez Moreno
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain (B.T.B.); (M.Á.G.M.)
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - María José Molina Puerta
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain (B.T.B.); (M.Á.G.M.)
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Aurora Jurado Roger
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Av. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain (B.T.B.); (M.Á.G.M.)
- Immunology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
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Zhang N, Qu X, Kang L, Liu X, Zhu W. Mapping Knowledge Landscapes and Emerging Trends of the Links Between Frailty and Heart Failure: A Bibliometric Analysis From 2000 to 2023. Cureus 2024; 16:e60511. [PMID: 38764704 PMCID: PMC11101057 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Frailty, within the context of heart failure (HF), is strongly linked to poor patient outcomes. Investigating the vulnerable condition of individuals with HF is crucial, not only for medical reasons but also as a significant public health challenge, especially among the elderly population where both HF and frailty are common. Therefore, it is essential to prioritize HF patients with frailty over those without such symptoms. To begin, promptly assessing the impact of academic research in this area is crucial, considering factors such as geographical regions, authors, journals, and institutions. Additionally, it is important to explore current topics and identify potential areas that could inspire future researchers to conduct further studies to advance public health. Methodology We conducted a search in the Web of Science Core Collection database to identify articles and reviews in the English language focusing on frailty and HF which were published from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2023. To perform bibliometric analysis, VOSviewer (v.1.6.18) and CiteSpace (v.6.1.R2) were utilized. Results A total of 1,381 original English-language articles were gathered, comprising 1,162 articles and 219 reviews. The quantity of research publications in this area has experienced significant growth since 2013. Among all countries, the United States has contributed the largest number of publications, accounting for 409 articles (29.62% of the total). Additionally, the United States has received the highest number of citations, being cited a total of 13,329 times, as well as boasting the greatest total link strength. Duke University stands out as the institution with the highest number of research papers, having published 40 articles (2.90% of the total). It has also received the most citations, with a total of 2,455 times, and possesses the highest total link strength, which amounts to 212. Within the realm of prolific authors, Kentaro Kamiya from Kitasato University emerges as the most productive, having authored 28 articles (2.03% of the total). When considering scholarly journals, "Esc Heart Failure" contains the highest number of articles pertaining to frailty and HF, publishing a noteworthy 36 articles (2.61% of the total). Noteworthy keywords within this field encompass frailty, heart failure, elderly, mortality, and cardiovascular disease. Over the past five years, the most popular keywords have centered around "frailty syndrome," "sarcopenia," and "therapeutic interventions." Conclusions Research on frailty and HF at a global scale has experienced substantial growth between 2000 and 2023, demonstrating a prospective field for further exploration with potential advantages from ongoing progress. Prospective studies could prioritize the enhancement of cardiac rehabilitation for patients coping with HF and frailty while ensuring the preservation of their overall quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, CHN
| | - Xuan Qu
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, CHN
| | - Lin Kang
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, CHN
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, CHN
| | - Wenling Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, CHN
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Imamura Y, Suzuki A, Kamishima K, Suzuki K, Yamaguchi J. Prognostic factors in patients with heart failure and sarcopenia: an observational retrospective study. Egypt Heart J 2024; 76:52. [PMID: 38683441 PMCID: PMC11058133 DOI: 10.1186/s43044-024-00484-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) prevalence increases with age, and sarcopenia is a poor prognostic factor in patients with HF. We aimed to evaluate the characteristics and prognostic factors in patients with HF and sarcopenia. RESULTS We retrospectively reviewed 256 consecutive patients admitted to our hospital for HF between May 2018 and May 2021, underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and were diagnosed with sarcopenia. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. The prognoses and characteristics were evaluated and compared between patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 50% (reduced LVEF, HF with reduced ejection fraction [HFrEF]) and those with LVEF ≥ 50% (preserved LVEF, HF with preserved ejection fraction [HFpEF]). 83 (32%) and 173 (68%) patients had HFrEF and HFpEF, respectively. The HFrEF group had fewer women, lower hypertension rates, higher ischemic heart disease rates, and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels than did the HFpEF group. Kaplan-Meier analysis for all-cause death showed that the HFrEF group had a significantly worse prognosis than the HFpEF group [log-rank p = 0.002]. CONCLUSIONS In patients with HF and sarcopenia, older age, higher New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, BNP levels, and reduced LVEF were independent predictors of death after evaluation. During the treatment of patients with HF and sarcopenia, it is necessary to manage treatment with close attention to BNP and LVEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Imamura
- Department of Cardiology, Rissho Koseikai Kosei Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan.
| | - Kazuho Kamishima
- Department of Cardiology, Rissho Koseikai Kosei Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Suzuki
- Department of Cardiology, Rissho Koseikai Kosei Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichi Yamaguchi
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
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von Haehling S, Assmus B, Bekfani T, Dworatzek E, Edelmann F, Hashemi D, Hellenkamp K, Kempf T, Raake P, Schütt KA, Wachter R, Schulze PC, Hasenfuss G, Böhm M, Bauersachs J. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: diagnosis, risk assessment, and treatment. Clin Res Cardiol 2024:10.1007/s00392-024-02396-4. [PMID: 38602566 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-024-02396-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The aetiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is heterogenous and overlaps with that of several comorbidities like atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, valvular heart disease, iron deficiency, or sarcopenia. The diagnosis of HFpEF involves evaluating cardiac dysfunction through imaging techniques and assessing increased left ventricular filling pressure, which can be measured directly or estimated through various proxies including natriuretic peptides. To better narrow down the differential diagnosis of HFpEF, European and American heart failure guidelines advocate the use of different algorithms including comorbidities that require diagnosis and rigorous treatment during the evaluation process. Therapeutic recommendations differ between guidelines. Whilst sodium glucose transporter 2 inhibitors have a solid evidence base, the recommendations differ with regard to the use of inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis. Unless indicated for specific comorbidities, the use of beta-blockers should be discouraged in HFpEF. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the current state of the art in HFpEF diagnosis, clinical evaluation, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan von Haehling
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Birgit Assmus
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tarek Bekfani
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Elke Dworatzek
- Institute of Gender in Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Edelmann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité - Medical Heart Center of Charité and German Heart Institute Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Djawid Hashemi
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité - Medical Heart Center of Charité and German Heart Institute Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité Digital Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristian Hellenkamp
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tibor Kempf
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Philipp Raake
- I. Medical Department, Cardiology, Pneumology, Endocrinology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Augsburg, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Katharina A Schütt
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rolf Wachter
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Paul Christian Schulze
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Jena, FSU, Jena, Germany
| | - Gerd Hasenfuss
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Böhm
- Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Johann Bauersachs
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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10
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You Y, Meng T, Lu X, Zhu X, Lv M, Shou X, He Q, Hu Y. Heart failure with Sarcopenia: A Bibliometric review from 1995 to 2022. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27913. [PMID: 38496860 PMCID: PMC10944272 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to dynamically track the priorities and potential research hotspots in the field of heart failure with sarcopenia. Using CiteSpace, we analyzed the literature on heart failure with sarcopenia from the Web of Science database from 1995 to 2022. The analysis encompassed 507 records, revealing an overall upward trend in annual publication volume. Europe and the United States emerged as the primary regions for publishing, particularly driven by contributions from developed countries such as the United States, Germany, and Italy. Productive institutions included the Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, University Medical Center Gottingen, the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, and the National Institute on Aging (NIA). Noteworthy academic groups have formed around these institutions; von Haehling S, Anker Stefan D, Springer J, and Doehner W frequently collaborated. The core journals that frequently published articles in this area included Circulation, European Heart Journal, and The Journals of Gerontology Series A-Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. Based on the keyword analysis, we identified three key research areas. First, the diagnosis and definition of sarcopenia emerged as significant themes. Second, researchers have focused on exploring the mechanisms underlying heart failure with sarcopenia, including inflammation, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress. Finally, treatment strategies, such as physical activity and nutritional support, constitute another critical research theme. Furthermore, potential research hotspots within this field include clinical randomized controlled trials, investigations into inflammatory mechanisms, cardiac rehabilitation, studies on physical activity, androgen receptor modulators, and investigations into clinical outcomes such as cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping You
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tiantian Meng
- Department of Rehabilitation, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Xinyu Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xueping Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Lv
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xintian Shou
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyong He
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanhui Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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11
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Shakuta S, Noda T, Kamiya K, Hamazaki N, Nozaki K, Yamashita M, Uchida S, Ueno K, Maekawa E, Yamaoka-Tojo M, Matsunaga A, Ako J. Clinical Impact of Improvement in Sarcopenia through Cardiac Rehabilitation in Patients with Heart Failure. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2024; 25:514-520.e2. [PMID: 38182121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2023.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sarcopenia in patients with heart failure (HF) is associated with poor prognosis. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) decreases the incidence of adverse events in patients with HF. However, the clinical implications of improving sarcopenia status through CR remain unclear. This study investigated the relationship between the changes in sarcopenia status in patients with HF undergoing outpatient CR and the risk of mortality and adverse events. DESIGN This was a retrospective cohort study of patients hospitalized at the Kitasato University Hospital Cardiovascular Center for the treatment of HF between January 2007 and December 2020. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Patients with HF whose sarcopenia status was assessed at hospital discharge and following at least 3 months of outpatient CR were included. Based on the sarcopenia status, all patients were divided into 3 groups: patients without sarcopenia at discharge (ie, robust), patients with sarcopenia at discharge but no sarcopenia following CR (ie, improved), and patients with sarcopenia at discharge and following CR (ie, unimproved). METHODS Cox regression analysis was used to examine the risk of all-cause death associated with the 3 sarcopenia status groups. RESULTS Of 546 patients with HF (median age: 70 years; male: 63.6%), 377 (69.0%), 54 (9.9%), and 115 (21.1%) were classified as robust, improved, and unimproved, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the unimproved group had a significantly greater risk of all-cause death when compared to the robust group [hazard ratio (HR) 2.603, 95% CI 1.375-4.930, P = .004], but it did not differ from the improved group (HR 1.403, 95% CI 0.598-3.293, P = .43). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS No improvement in sarcopenia status in patients with HF undergoing outpatient CR was associated with a higher risk of all-cause death. Sarcopenia may be an important target to improve the prognosis of patients with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Shakuta
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kitasato University Hospital, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Takumi Noda
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan; Exercise Physiology and Cardiovascular Health Lab, Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Kentaro Kamiya
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan; Department of Rehabilitation, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan.
| | - Nobuaki Hamazaki
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kitasato University Hospital, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kohei Nozaki
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kitasato University Hospital, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Masashi Yamashita
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan; Division of Research, ARCE Inc, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Shota Uchida
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan; Research fellow, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Ueno
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Emi Maekawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Minako Yamaoka-Tojo
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan; Department of Rehabilitation, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Matsunaga
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan; Department of Rehabilitation, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Junya Ako
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
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12
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Kawai A, Nagatomo Y, Yukino-Iwashita M, Nakazawa R, Yumita Y, Taruoka A, Takefuji A, Yasuda R, Toya T, Ikegami Y, Masaki N, Adachi T. Sex Differences in Cardiac and Clinical Phenotypes and Their Relation to Outcomes in Patients with Heart Failure. J Pers Med 2024; 14:201. [PMID: 38392634 PMCID: PMC10890585 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Biological sex is one of the major factors characterizing the heart failure (HF) patient phenotype. Understanding sex-related differences in HF is crucial to implement personalized care for HF patients with various phenotypes. There are sex differences in left ventricular (LV) remodeling patterns in the HF setting, namely, more likely concentric remodeling and diastolic dysfunction in women and eccentric remodeling and systolic dysfunction in men. Recently supra-normal EF (snLVEF) has been recognized as a risk of worse outcome. This pathology might be more relevant in female patients. The possible mechanism may be through coronary microvascular dysfunction and sympathetic nerve overactivation from the findings of previous studies. Further, estrogen deficit might play a significant role in this pathophysiology. The sex difference in body composition may also be related to the difference in LV remodeling and outcome. Lower implementation in guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) in female HFrEF patients might also be one of the factors related to sex differences in relation to outcomes. In this review, we will discuss the sex differences in cardiac and clinical phenotypes and their relation to outcomes in HF patients and further discuss how to provide appropriate treatment strategies for female patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akane Kawai
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Japan
| | - Yuji Nagatomo
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Japan
| | | | - Ryota Nakazawa
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yumita
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Japan
| | - Akira Taruoka
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Japan
| | - Asako Takefuji
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Japan
| | - Risako Yasuda
- Department of Intensive Care, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Japan
| | - Takumi Toya
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Japan
| | - Yukinori Ikegami
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Masaki
- Department of Intensive Care, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Japan
| | - Takeshi Adachi
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Japan
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13
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Sharif SM, Smith JR, Bruhn EJ, Shultz AM, Olson TP. Impact of Structured Resistance Training on Locomotor Muscle Composition in Patients with HFpEF. J Card Fail 2024; 30:410-414. [PMID: 37939896 PMCID: PMC10922076 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2023.10.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua R Smith
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Eric J Bruhn
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Adam M Shultz
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Thomas P Olson
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
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14
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Espino-Gonzalez E, Tickle PG, Altara R, Gallagher H, Cheng CW, Engman V, Wood N, Justo da Silva GJ, Scalabrin M, Yu X, Zhong Z, Colman MA, Yuldasheva NY, Booz GW, Adams V, Pereira MG, Cataliotti A, Roberts LD, Egginton S, Bowen TS. Caloric Restriction Rejuvenates Skeletal Muscle Growth in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2024; 9:223-240. [PMID: 38510717 PMCID: PMC10950401 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2023.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a major clinical problem, with limited treatments. HFpEF is characterized by a distinct, but poorly understood, skeletal muscle pathology, which could offer an alternative therapeutic target. In a rat model, we identified impaired myonuclear accretion as a mechanism for low myofiber growth in HFpEF following resistance exercise. Acute caloric restriction rescued skeletal muscle pathology in HFpEF, whereas cardiac therapies had no effect. Mechanisms regulating myonuclear accretion were dysregulated in patients with HFpEF. Overall, these findings may have widespread implications in HFpEF, indicating combined dietary with exercise interventions as a beneficial approach to overcome skeletal muscle pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ever Espino-Gonzalez
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Peter G. Tickle
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Raffaele Altara
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Harrison Gallagher
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Chew W. Cheng
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Viktor Engman
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Nathanael Wood
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mattia Scalabrin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Xinyue Yu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Ziyi Zhong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A. Colman
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Nadira Y. Yuldasheva
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - George W. Booz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Volker Adams
- Heart Center Dresden, TU-Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marcelo G. Pereira
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Cataliotti
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lee D. Roberts
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Egginton
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - T. Scott Bowen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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15
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Shi K, Zhang G, Fu H, Li XM, Yu SQ, Shi R, Yan WF, Qian WL, Xu HY, Li Y, Guo YK, Yang ZG. Reduced thoracic skeletal muscle size is associated with adverse outcomes in diabetes patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: quantitative analysis of sarcopenia by using cardiac MRI. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:28. [PMID: 38218882 PMCID: PMC10787494 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-02109-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is frequently found in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and is associated with reduced exercise capacity, poor quality of life and adverse outcomes. Recent evidence suggests that axial thoracic skeletal muscle size could be used as a surrogate to assess sarcopenia in HFrEF. Since diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common comorbidities with HFrEF, we aimed to explore the potential association of axial thoracic skeletal muscle size with left ventricular (LV) remodeling and determine its prognostic significance in this condition. METHODS A total of 243 diabetes patients with HFrEF were included in this study. Bilateral axial thoracic skeletal muscle size was obtained using cardiac MRI. Patients were stratified by the tertiles of axial thoracic skeletal muscle index (SMI). LV structural and functional indices, as well as amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), were measured. The determinants of elevated NT-proBNP were assessed using linear regression analysis. The associations between thoracic SMI and clinical outcomes were assessed using a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS Patients in the lowest tertile of thoracic SMI displayed a deterioration in LV systolic strain in three components, together with an increase in LV mass and a heavier burden of myocardial fibrosis (all P < 0.05). Moreover, thoracic SMI (β = -0.25; P < 0.001), rather than body mass index (β = -0.04; P = 0.55), was independently associated with the level of NT-proBNP. The median follow-up duration was 33.6 months (IQR, 20.4-52.8 months). Patients with adverse outcomes showed a lower thoracic SMI (40.1 [34.3, 47.9] cm2/m2 vs. 45.3 [37.3, 55.0] cm2/m2; P < 0.05) but a similar BMI (P = 0.76) compared with those without adverse outcomes. A higher thoracic SMI indicated a lower risk of adverse outcomes (hazard ratio: 0.96; 95% confidence interval: 0.92-0.99; P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS With respect to diabetes patients with HFrEF, thoracic SMI is a novel alternative for evaluating muscle wasting in sarcopenia that can be obtained by a readily available routine cardiac MRI protocol. A reduction in thoracic skeletal muscle size predicts poor outcomes in the context of DM with HFrEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Shi
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Radiology, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hang Fu
- Department of Radiology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue-Ming Li
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shi-Qin Yu
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei-Feng Yan
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen-Lei Qian
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hua-Yan Xu
- Department of Radiology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying-Kun Guo
- Department of Radiology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Yang
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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16
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Herrera-Martínez AD, Muñoz Jiménez C, López Aguilera J, Crespin MC, Manzano García G, Gálvez Moreno MÁ, Calañas Continente A, Molina Puerta MJ. Mediterranean Diet, Vitamin D, and Hypercaloric, Hyperproteic Oral Supplements for Treating Sarcopenia in Patients with Heart Failure-A Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2023; 16:110. [PMID: 38201939 PMCID: PMC10781070 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malnutrition and sarcopenia frequently affect patients with heart failure (HF), in which clinical outcomes and survival is decreased. Thus, appropriate nutritional screening and early nutrition support are highly recommended. Currently, nutritional support is not a standard of care in patients with HF, and the use of commercially available oral supplements (OSs) could provide an additional benefit to medical treatment in these patients. AIM To compare the effect of the Mediterranean diet in combination with hypercaloric, hyperproteic OS in patients with HF. PATIENTS AND METHODS An open label, controlled clinical study in which patients were randomly assigned to receive a Mediterranean diet (control group) vs. hypercaloric, hyperproteic OS (intervention group) for twenty-four weeks. Thirty-eight patients were included; epidemiological, clinical, anthropometric, ultrasound (muscle echography of the rectus femoris muscle of the quadriceps and abdominal adipose tissue), and biochemical evaluations were performed. All patients received additional supplementation with vitamin D. RESULTS Baseline malnutrition according to the GLIM criteria was observed in 30% of patients, while 65.8% presented with sarcopenia. Body cell mass, lean mass, and body mass increased in the intervention group (absolute increase of 0.5, p = 0.03, 1.2 kg, p = 0.03, and 0.1 kg, p = 0.03 respectively). In contrast, fat mass increased in the control group (4.5 kg, p = 0.05). According to the RF ultrasound, adipose tissue, muscle area, and circumference tended to decrease in the intervention group; it is probable that 24 weeks was too short a period of time for evaluating changes in muscle area or circumference, as previously observed in another group of patients. In contrast, functionality, determined by the up-and-go test, significantly improved in all patients (difference 12.6 s, p < 0.001), including the control (10 s improvement, p < 0.001) and the intervention group (improvement of 8.9 s, p < 0.001). Self-reported QoL significantly increased in all groups, from 68.7 ± 22.2 at baseline to 77.7 ± 18.7 (p = 0.01). When heart functionality was evaluated, LVEF increased in the whole cohort (38.7 ± 16.6 vs. 42.2 ± 8.9, p < 0.01); this increase was higher in the intervention group (34.2 ± 16.1 at baseline vs. 45.0% ± 17.0 after 24 weeks, p < 0.05). Serum values of NT-proBNP also significantly decreased in the whole cohort (p < 0.01), especially in the intervention group (p = 0.02). After adjusting by age and sex, nutritional support, baseline LVEF, NT-proBNP, and body composition parameters of functionality tests were not associated with mortality or new hospital admissions in this cohort. CONCLUSION Nutritional support with hypercaloric, hyperproteic OS, Mediterranean diet, and vitamin D supplementation were associated with decreased NT-proBNP and improvements in LVEF, functionality, and quality of life in patients with HF, despite a significant decrease in hospital admissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aura D. Herrera-Martínez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (C.M.J.); (J.L.A.); (G.M.G.); (M.Á.G.M.); (A.C.C.); (M.J.M.P.)
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Concepción Muñoz Jiménez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (C.M.J.); (J.L.A.); (G.M.G.); (M.Á.G.M.); (A.C.C.); (M.J.M.P.)
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - José López Aguilera
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (C.M.J.); (J.L.A.); (G.M.G.); (M.Á.G.M.); (A.C.C.); (M.J.M.P.)
- Cardiology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain;
| | | | - Gregorio Manzano García
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (C.M.J.); (J.L.A.); (G.M.G.); (M.Á.G.M.); (A.C.C.); (M.J.M.P.)
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Gálvez Moreno
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (C.M.J.); (J.L.A.); (G.M.G.); (M.Á.G.M.); (A.C.C.); (M.J.M.P.)
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alfonso Calañas Continente
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (C.M.J.); (J.L.A.); (G.M.G.); (M.Á.G.M.); (A.C.C.); (M.J.M.P.)
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - María José Molina Puerta
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (C.M.J.); (J.L.A.); (G.M.G.); (M.Á.G.M.); (A.C.C.); (M.J.M.P.)
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
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17
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Valdiviesso R, Amaral TF, Moreira E, Sousa-Santos AR, Fernandes M, Aguiar MJV, Martins S, Azevedo LF, Fernandes L, Silva-Cardoso J, Borges N. Associations of medicine use and ejection fraction with the coexistence of frailty and sarcopenia in a sample of heart failure outpatients: a cross-sectional study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:594. [PMID: 38053018 PMCID: PMC10696669 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03632-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frailty and sarcopenia have been extensively studied in heart failure (HF) patients, but their coexistence is unknown. The aim of this work is to describe the coexistence of these conditions in a sample of HF outpatients and its association with the use of medication and left-ventricular ejection fraction. METHODS Participants in this cross-sectional study were recruited from a HF outpatients' clinic in northern Portugal. Frailty phenotype was assessed according to Fried et al. Sarcopenia was evaluated according to the revised consensus of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. RESULTS A total of 136 HF outpatients (33.8% women, median age 59 years) integrated this study. Frailty and sarcopenia accounted for 15.4% and 18.4% of the sample, respectively. Coexistence of frailty and sarcopenia was found in 8.1% of the participants, while 17.6% had only one of the conditions. In multivariable analysis (n = 132), increasing age (OR = 1.13;95%CI = 1.06,1.20), being a woman (OR = 65.65;95%CI = 13.50, 319.15), having heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) (OR = 5.61; 95%CI = 1.22, 25.76), and using antidepressants (OR = 11.05; 95%CI = 2.50, 48.82), anticoagulants (OR = 6.11; 95%CI = 1.69, 22.07), furosemide (OR = 3.95; 95%CI = 1.07, 14.55), and acetylsalicylic acid (OR = 5.01; 95%CI = 1.10, 22.90) were associated with increased likelihood of having coexistence of frailty and sarcopenia, while using statins showed the inverse effect (OR = 0.06; 95%CI = 0.01, 0.30). CONCLUSIONS The relatively low frequency of coexistence of frailty and sarcopenia signifies that each of these two conditions still deserve individual attention from health professionals in their clinical practice and should be screened separately. Being a woman, older age, having HFpEF, using anticoagulants, antidepressants, loop diuretics and acetylsalicylic acid, and not using statins, were associated with having concomitant frailty and sarcopenia. These patients can potentially benefit from interventions that impact their quality of life such as nutritional and mental health interventions and exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Valdiviesso
- FCNAUP, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180, Porto, Portugal.
- CINTESIS@RISE, MEDCIDS, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Teresa F Amaral
- FCNAUP, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180, Porto, Portugal
- LAETA-INEGI / FEUP, Associated Laboratory of Energy, Transports and Aerospace, Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Emília Moreira
- CINTESIS@RISE, Knowledge Management Unit, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Sousa-Santos
- FCNAUP, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180, Porto, Portugal
- TOXRUN, Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal
- CESPU, University Cooperative, CRL, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Mário Fernandes
- FCNAUP, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria J V Aguiar
- FCNAUP, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sónia Martins
- CINTESIS@RISE, Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís F Azevedo
- CINTESIS@RISE, MEDCIDS, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lia Fernandes
- CINTESIS@RISE, Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Psychiatry Service, University Hospital Center of São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Silva-Cardoso
- CINTESIS@RISE, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Center of São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Borges
- FCNAUP, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180, Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, MEDCIDS, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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18
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Nguyen HTT, Ha TTT, Tran HB, Nguyen DV, Pham HM, Tran PM, Pham TM, Allison TG, Reid CM, Kirkpatrick JN. Relationship between BMI and prognosis of chronic heart failure outpatients in Vietnam: a single-center study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1251601. [PMID: 38099185 PMCID: PMC10720040 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1251601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Insufficient data exists regarding the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the prognosis of chronic heart failure (CHF) specifically within low- and middle-income Asian countries. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of BMI on adverse outcomes of ambulatory patients with CHF in Vietnam. Methods Between 2018 and 2020, we prospectively enrolled consecutive outpatients with clinically stable CHF in an observational cohort, single-center study. The participants were stratified according to Asian-specific BMI thresholds. The relationships between BMI and adverse outcomes (all-cause death and all-cause hospitalization) were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox proportional-hazards model. Results Among 320 participants (age 63.5 ± 13.3 years, 57.9% male), the median BMI was 21.4 kg/m2 (IQR 19.5-23.6), and 10.9% were underweight (BMI <18.50 kg/m2). Over a median follow-up time of 32 months, the cumulative incidence of all-cause mortality and hospitalization were 5.6% and 19.1%, respectively. After multivariable adjustment, underweight patients had a significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality than patients with normal BMI (adjusted hazard ratios = 3.03 [95% CI: 1.07-8.55]). Lower BMI remained significantly associated with a worse prognosis when analyzed as a continuous variable (adjusted hazard ratios = 1.27 [95% CI: 1.03-1.55] per 1 kg/m2 decrease for all-cause mortality). However, BMI was not found to be significantly associated with the risk of all-cause hospitalization (p > 0.05). Conclusion In ambulatory patients with CHF in Vietnam, lower BMI, especially underweight status (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2), was associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality. These findings suggest that BMI should be considered for use in risk classification, and underweight patients should be managed by a team consisting of cardiologists, nutritionists, and geriatricians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoai Thi Thu Nguyen
- Vietnam National Heart Institute, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Internal Medicine, VNU-University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thuong Thi Thu Ha
- Department of Internal Medicine, VNU-University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hieu Ba Tran
- Vietnam National Heart Institute, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Internal Medicine, VNU-University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dung Viet Nguyen
- Vietnam National Heart Institute, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Internal Medicine, VNU-University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hung Manh Pham
- Vietnam National Heart Institute, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Cardiology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Phuong Minh Tran
- Vietnam National Heart Institute, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tuan Minh Pham
- Vietnam National Heart Institute, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Cardiology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thomas G. Allison
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Christopher M. Reid
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James N. Kirkpatrick
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Bioethics and Humanities, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, United States
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19
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Chaudhari M, Zelko I, Lorkiewicz P, Hoetker D, Doelling B, Brittian K, Bhatnagar A, Srivast S, Baba SP. Metabolic Pathways for Removing Reactive Aldehydes are Diminished in Atrophic Muscle During Heart Failure. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3621159. [PMID: 38045249 PMCID: PMC10690332 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3621159/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Background : Muscle wasting is a serious complication in heart failure patients, and oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of muscle wasting. Oxidative stress leads to the formation of toxic lipid peroxidation products, such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) and acrolein, which causemuscle wasting. In tissues, these toxic aldehydes are metabolically removed by enzymes such asaldo keto reductases and endogenous nucleophiles, such as glutathione and carnosine. Whether these metabolic pathways could be affected in skeletal muscle during heart failure has never been studied. Methods : Male wild-type C57BL/6J mice were subjected to a pressure overload model of hypertrophy by transaortic constriction (TAC) surgery, and echocardiography was performed after 14 weeks. Different skeletal muscle beds were weighed and analyzed for atrophic and inflammatory markers, Atrogin1 and TRIM63, TNF-α and IL-6 , respectively, by RT‒PCR. Levels of acrolein and HNE-protein adducts, aldehyde-removing enzymes, aldose reductase (AKR1B1) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) were measured by Western blotting, and histidyl dipeptides and histidyl dipeptide aldehyde conjugates were analyzed by LC/MS-MS in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of sham- and TAC-operated mice. Furthermore, histidyl dipeptide synthesizing enzyme carnosine synthase (CARNS) and amino acid transporters (PEPT2 and TAUT)wasmeasured in the gastrocnemius muscles of the sham and TAC-operated mice. Results : TAC-induced heart failure decreases body weight and gastrocnemius and soleus muscle weights. The expression of the atrophic and inflammatory markers Atrogin1 and TNF-α, respectively, wasincreased (~1.5-2-fold), and the formation of HNE and acrolein-protein adducts was increased in the gastrocnemius muscle of TAC-operated mice. The expression of AKR1B1 remained unchanged, whereas ALDH2 was decreased, in the gastrocnemius muscle of TAC mice. Similarly, in the atrophic gastrocnemius muscle, levels of total histidyl dipeptides (carnosine and anserine) and, in particular,carnosine were decreased. Depletion of histidyl dipeptides diminished the aldehyde removal capacity of the atrophic gastrocnemius muscle. Furthermore, the expression of CARNS and TAUT wasdecreased in the atrophic gastrocnemius muscle. Conclusions : Collectively, these results show that metabolic pathways involved in the removal of lipid peroxidation products and synthesis of histidyl dipeptides are diminished in atrophic skeletal muscle during heart failure, which could contribute to muscle atrophy.
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20
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Boulmpou A, Boutou AK, Pella E, Sarafidis P, Papadopoulos CE, Vassilikos V. Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Technique Principles, Current Evidence, and Future Perspectives. Cardiol Rev 2023; 31:299-317. [PMID: 36723460 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a multifactorial clinical syndrome involving a rather complex pathophysiologic substrate and quite a challenging diagnosis. Exercise intolerance is a major feature of HFpEF, and in many cases, diagnosis is suspected in subjects presenting with exertional dyspnea. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is a noninvasive, dynamic technique that provides an integrative evaluation of cardiovascular, pulmonary, hematopoietic, neuropsychological, and metabolic functions during maximal or submaximal exercise. The assessment is based on the principle that system failure typically occurs when the system is under stress, and thus, CPET is currently considered to be the gold standard for identifying exercise intolerance, allowing the differential diagnosis of underlying causes. CPET is used in observational studies and clinical trials in HFpEF; however, in most cases, only a few from a wide variety of CPET parameters are examined, while the technique is largely underused in everyday cardiology practice. This article discusses the basic principles and methodology of CPET and studies that utilized CPET in patients with HFpEF, in an effort to increase awareness of CPET capabilities among practicing cardiologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristi Boulmpou
- From the Third Department of Cardiology, Ippokratio General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Afroditi K Boutou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eva Pella
- Department of Nephrology, Ippokratio General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Pantelis Sarafidis
- Department of Nephrology, Ippokratio General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christodoulos E Papadopoulos
- From the Third Department of Cardiology, Ippokratio General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vassilios Vassilikos
- From the Third Department of Cardiology, Ippokratio General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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21
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Mangner N, Winzer EB, Linke A, Adams V. Locomotor and respiratory muscle abnormalities in HFrEF and HFpEF. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1149065. [PMID: 37965088 PMCID: PMC10641491 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1149065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a chronic and progressive syndrome affecting worldwide billions of patients. Exercise intolerance and early fatigue are hallmarks of HF patients either with a reduced (HFrEF) or a preserved (HFpEF) ejection fraction. Alterations of the skeletal muscle contribute to exercise intolerance in HF. This review will provide a contemporary summary of the clinical and molecular alterations currently known to occur in the skeletal muscles of both HFrEF and HFpEF, and thereby differentiate the effects on locomotor and respiratory muscles, in particular the diaphragm. Moreover, current and future therapeutic options to address skeletal muscle weakness will be discussed focusing mainly on the effects of exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman Mangner
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ephraim B. Winzer
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Axel Linke
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Volker Adams
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Dresden Cardiovascular Research Institute and Core Laboratories GmbH, Dresden, Germany
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22
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Smart CD, Madhur MS. The immunology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:1225-1247. [PMID: 37606086 PMCID: PMC10959189 DOI: 10.1042/cs20230226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) now accounts for the majority of new heart failure diagnoses and continues to increase in prevalence in the United States. Importantly, HFpEF is a highly morbid, heterogeneous syndrome lacking effective therapies. Inflammation has emerged as a potential contributor to the pathogenesis of HFpEF. Many of the risk factors for HFpEF are also associated with chronic inflammation, such as obesity, hypertension, aging, and renal dysfunction. A large amount of preclinical evidence suggests that immune cells and their associated cytokines play important roles in mediating fibrosis, oxidative stress, metabolic derangements, and endothelial dysfunction, all potentially important processes in HFpEF. How inflammation contributes to HFpEF pathogenesis, however, remains poorly understood. Recently, a variety of preclinical models have emerged which may yield much needed insights into the causal relationships between risk factors and the development of HFpEF, including the role of specific immune cell subsets or inflammatory pathways. Here, we review evidence in animal models and humans implicating inflammation as a mediator of HFpEF and identify gaps in knowledge requiring further study. As the understanding between inflammation and HFpEF evolves, it is hoped that a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying immune cell activation in HFpEF can open up new therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Duncan Smart
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics,
Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, U.S.A
| | - Meena S. Madhur
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics,
Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, U.S.A
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular
Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, U.S.A
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology,
Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, U.S.A
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and
Inflammation, Nashville, TN, U.S.A
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23
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Sangali TD, Souza GC, Ribeiro ÉCT, Perry IDS. Sarcopenia: Inflammatory and Humoral Markers in Older Heart Failure Patients. Arq Bras Cardiol 2023; 120:e20220369. [PMID: 37556651 PMCID: PMC10382140 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20220369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is highly prevalent in heart failure (HF) patients, and the involvement of biomarkers in its pathophysiology is suggested, but little has been studied concerning HF sarcopenic patients. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association between inflammatory and humoral markers with sarcopenia, as well as the impact of sarcopenia on quality of life and functional capacity in older HF patients. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 90 outpatient HF patients, aged ≥ 60 years, were evaluated for sarcopenia (EWGSOP2 diagnostic criteria), inflammation (high-sensitive C-reactive protein [hs-CRP], Interleukin-6 [IL-6], tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α]) and humoral markers (total testosterone and insulin-like growth factor-1 [IGF-1]), physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire), quality of life (Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire), and functional capacity (6-minute walk test). The adopted level of significance was p<0.05. RESULTS Patients had a mean age of 69.4 ± 7.2 years, 67.8% were male, with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 35.9 ± 11.9% and 22 (24.4%) were sarcopenic. Age (73.1 ± 8.1 and 68.3 ± 6.5 years; p= 0.006), body mass index (BMI) (23.1 ± 2.8 and 28.2 ± 4.2 kg/m2; p <0.001), and LVEF (29.9 ± 8.8 and 37.9 ± 12.1%; p= 0.005) were different between groups with and without sarcopenia, respectively. After adjusting for age, ethnicity, BMI, LVEF, and the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, sarcopenia was associated with higher serum levels of IL-6 and worse functional capacity. CONCLUSION In HF patients, sarcopenia was associated with IL-6 levels and functional capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamirys Delazeri Sangali
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreRSBrasilUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS – Brasil
| | - Gabriela Corrêa Souza
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreRSBrasilUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS – Brasil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegrePorto AlegreRSBrasilHospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS – Brasil
| | - Édina Caroline Ternus Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreRSBrasilUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS – Brasil
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24
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Ramonfaur D, Skali H, Claggett B, Windham BG, Palta P, Kitzman D, Ndumele C, Konety S, Shah AM. Bidirectional Association Between Frailty and Cardiac Structure and Function: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e029458. [PMID: 37522168 PMCID: PMC10492980 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.029458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Frailty and heart failure frequently coexist in late life. Limited data exist regarding the longitudinal associations of frailty and subclinical cardiac dysfunction. We aim to quantify the association of frailty with longitudinal changes in cardiac function and of cardiac function with progression in frailty status in older adults. Methods and Results Participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities cohort underwent frailty assessments at Visit 5 (V5; 2011-2013), V6 (2016-2017), and V7 (2018-2019), and echocardiographic assessments at V5 and V7. We assessed the association between frailty status at V5 and changes in frailty status from V5 to V7 and changes in cardiac function over 6 years. We then evaluated the association of cardiac function measured at Visit 5 with progression in frailty status over 4 years. Multivariable regression models adjusted for demographics and comorbidities. Among 2574 participants free of heart failure at V5 and V7 (age 74±4 years at V5 and 81±4 years at V7), 3% (n=83) were frail. Frailty at V5 was associated with greater left atrial volume index and E/e' ratio at V5 and 7. Participants who transitioned from robust at V5 to frail at V7 demonstrated greater increases in left ventricular mass index, left atrial volume index, and E/e' over the same period. Among 1648 robust participants at Visit 5, greater left ventricular mass index and mean wall thickness, lower tissue Doppler imaging e', and higher E/e' ratio at Visit 5 were associated with progression in frailty status. Conclusions Among robust, older adults free of heart failure, progression in frailty and subclinical left ventricular remodeling and diastolic dysfunction are interrelated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Ramonfaur
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Brigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
| | - Hicham Skali
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Brigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
| | - Brian Claggett
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Brigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
| | - B. Gwen Windham
- The MIND CenterUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMS
| | - Priya Palta
- Division of General Medicine, Departments of Medicine and EpidemiologyColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY
| | - Dalane Kitzman
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD
| | - Chiadi Ndumele
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular DiseaseDivision of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
| | | | - Amil M. Shah
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Brigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMA
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25
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Gortan Cappellari G, Aleksova A, Dal Ferro M, Cannatà A, Semolic A, Guarnaccia A, Zanetti M, Giacca M, Sinagra G, Barazzoni R. n-3 PUFA-Enriched Diet Preserves Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Function and Redox State and Prevents Muscle Mass Loss in Mice with Chronic Heart Failure. Nutrients 2023; 15:3108. [PMID: 37513526 PMCID: PMC10383889 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale and Methods: Skeletal muscle derangements, potentially including mitochondrial dysfunction with altered mitochondrial dynamics and high reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, may lead to protein catabolism and muscle wasting, resulting in low exercise capacity and reduced survival in chronic heart failure (CHF). We hypothesized that 8-week n-3-PUFA isocaloric partial dietary replacement (Fat = 5.5% total cal; EPA + DHA = 27% total fat) normalizes gastrocnemius muscle (GM) mitochondrial dynamics regulators, mitochondrial and tissue pro-oxidative changes, and catabolic derangements, resulting in preserved GM mass in rodent CHF [Myocardial infarction (MI)-induced CHF by coronary artery ligation, left-ventricular ejection fraction <50%]. Results: Compared to control animals (Sham), CHF had a higher GM mitochondrial fission-fusion protein ratio, with low ATP and high ROS production, pro-inflammatory changes, and low insulin signalling. n-3-PUFA normalized all mitochondrial derangements and the pro-oxidative state (oxidized to total glutathione ratio), associated with normalized GM cytokine profile, and enhanced muscle-anabolic insulin signalling and prevention of CHF-induced GM weight loss (all p < 0.05 vs. CHF and p = NS vs. S). Conclusions:n-3-PUFA isocaloric partial dietary replacement for 8 weeks normalizes CHF-induced derangements of muscle mitochondrial dynamics regulators, ROS production and function. n-3-PUFA mitochondrial effects result in preserved skeletal muscle mass, with potential to improve major patient outcomes in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Gortan Cappellari
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Cattinara Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Aneta Aleksova
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), 34128 Trieste, Italy
| | - Matteo Dal Ferro
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), 34128 Trieste, Italy
| | - Antonio Cannatà
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), 34128 Trieste, Italy
| | - Annamaria Semolic
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Cattinara Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alberto Guarnaccia
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), 34128 Trieste, Italy
| | - Michela Zanetti
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Cattinara Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Mauro Giacca
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic, Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), 34128 Trieste, Italy
| | - Rocco Barazzoni
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Cattinara Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), 34149 Trieste, Italy
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Ispoglou T, Wilson O, McCullough D, Aldrich L, Ferentinos P, Lyall G, Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou A, Duckworth L, Brown MA, Sutton L, Potts AJ, Archbold V, Hargreaves J, McKenna J. A Narrative Review of Non-Pharmacological Strategies for Managing Sarcopenia in Older Adults with Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:892. [PMID: 37508325 PMCID: PMC10376679 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
This narrative review examines the mechanisms underlying the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and metabolic diseases (MDs), along with their association with sarcopenia. Furthermore, non-pharmacological interventions to address sarcopenia in patients with these conditions are suggested. The significance of combined training in managing metabolic disease and secondary sarcopenia in type II diabetes mellitus is emphasized. Additionally, the potential benefits of resistance and aerobic training are explored. This review emphasises the role of nutrition in addressing sarcopenia in patients with CVD or MDs, focusing on strategies such as optimising protein intake, promoting plant-based protein sources, incorporating antioxidant-rich foods and omega-3 fatty acids and ensuring sufficient vitamin D levels. Moreover, the potential benefits of targeting gut microbiota through probiotics and prebiotic fibres in sarcopenic individuals are considered. Multidisciplinary approaches that integrate behavioural science are explored to enhance the uptake and sustainability of behaviour-based sarcopenia interventions. Future research should prioritise high-quality randomized controlled trials to refine exercise and nutritional interventions and investigate the incorporation of behavioural science into routine practices. Ultimately, a comprehensive and multifaceted approach is essential to improve health outcomes, well-being and quality of life in older adults with sarcopenia and coexisting cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver Wilson
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS6 3QQ, UK
| | | | - Luke Aldrich
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS6 3QQ, UK
| | | | - Gemma Lyall
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS6 3QQ, UK
| | | | - Lauren Duckworth
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS6 3QQ, UK
| | - Meghan A Brown
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS6 3QQ, UK
| | - Louise Sutton
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS6 3QQ, UK
| | - Alexandra J Potts
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS6 3QQ, UK
| | - Victoria Archbold
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS6 3QQ, UK
| | - Jackie Hargreaves
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS6 3QQ, UK
| | - Jim McKenna
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS6 3QQ, UK
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Barazzoni R, Cederholm T, Zanetti M, Gortan Cappellari G. Defining and diagnosing sarcopenia: Is the glass now half full? Metabolism 2023; 143:155558. [PMID: 37031950 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Low muscle mass and function exert a substantial negative impact on quality of life, health and ultimately survival, but their definition, identification and combination to define sarcopenia have suffered from lack of universal consensus. Methodological issues have also contributed to incomplete agreement, as different approaches, techniques and potential surrogate measures inevitably lead to partly different conclusions. As a consequence: 1) awareness of sarcopenia and implementation of diagnostic procedures in clinical practice have been limited; 2) patient identification and evaluation of therapeutic strategies is largely incomplete. Significant progress has however recently occurred after major diagnostic algorithms have been developed, with common features and promising perspectives for growing consensus. At the same time, the need for further refinement of the sarcopenia concept has emerged, to address its increasingly recognized clinical heterogeneity. This includes potential differential underlying mechanisms and clinical features for age- and disease-driven sarcopenia, and the emerging challenge of sarcopenia in persons with obesity. Here, we will review existing algorithms to diagnose sarcopenia, and major open methodological issues to assess skeletal muscle mass and function under different clinical conditions, in order to highlight similarities and differences. Potential for consensus on sarcopenia diagnosis as well as emerging new challenges will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Barazzoni
- Internal Medicine, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste (ASUITS), Trieste, Italy.
| | - Tommy Cederholm
- Uppsala University and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michela Zanetti
- Internal Medicine, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste (ASUITS), Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianluca Gortan Cappellari
- Internal Medicine, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste (ASUITS), Trieste, Italy
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28
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Zuo X, Li X, Tang K, Zhao R, Wu M, Wang Y, Li T. Sarcopenia and cardiovascular diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:1183-1198. [PMID: 37002802 PMCID: PMC10235887 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an age-related disease and is often accompanied by other diseases. Now, many studies have shown that cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) may raise the incidence rate of sarcopenia. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with CVDs compared with the general population, defined as relatively healthy non-hospitalized subjects. The databases of PubMed, Embase, Medline and Web of Science were searched for eligible studies published up to 12 November 2022. Two assessment tools were used to evaluate study quality and the risk of bias. Statistical analysis was conducted using STATA 14.0 and R Version 4.1.2. Thirty-eight out of the 89 629 articles retrieved were included in our review. The prevalence of sarcopenia ranged from 10.1% to 68.9% in patients with CVDs, and the pooled prevalence was 35% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 28-42%). The pooled prevalence of sarcopenia was 32% (95% CI: 23-41%) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), 61% (95% CI: 49-72%) in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF), 43% (95% CI: 2-85%) in patients with coronary artery disease, 30% (95% CI: 25-35%) in patients with cardiac arrhythmia (CA), 35% (95% CI: 10-59%) in patients with congenital heart disease and 12% (95% CI: 7-17%) in patients with unclassed CVDs. However, in the general population, the prevalence of sarcopenia varied from 2.9% to 28.6% and the pooled prevalence was 13% (95% CI: 9-17%), suggesting that the prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with CVDs was about twice compared with the general population. The prevalence of sarcopenia was significantly higher only in patients with ADHF, CHF and CA compared with the general population. There is a positive correlation between CVDs and sarcopenia. The prevalence of sarcopenia is higher in patients with CVDs than that in the general population. With global aging, sarcopenia has brought a heavy burden to individuals and society. Therefore, it is important to identify the populations with high-risk or probable sarcopenia in order to do an early intervention, such as exercise, to counteract or slow down the progress of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrong Zuo
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuanChina
| | - Xuehong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Kuo Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Minming Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Tao Li
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuanChina
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
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Damluji AA, Alfaraidhy M, AlHajri N, Rohant NN, Kumar M, Al Malouf C, Bahrainy S, Ji Kwak M, Batchelor WB, Forman DE, Rich MW, Kirkpatrick J, Krishnaswami A, Alexander KP, Gerstenblith G, Cawthon P, deFilippi CR, Goyal P. Sarcopenia and Cardiovascular Diseases. Circulation 2023; 147:1534-1553. [PMID: 37186680 PMCID: PMC10180053 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.064071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle strength, mass, and function, which is often exacerbated by chronic comorbidities including cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and cancer. Sarcopenia is associated with faster progression of cardiovascular diseases and higher risk of mortality, falls, and reduced quality of life, particularly among older adults. Although the pathophysiologic mechanisms are complex, the broad underlying cause of sarcopenia includes an imbalance between anabolic and catabolic muscle homeostasis with or without neuronal degeneration. The intrinsic molecular mechanisms of aging, chronic illness, malnutrition, and immobility are associated with the development of sarcopenia. Screening and testing for sarcopenia may be particularly important among those with chronic disease states. Early recognition of sarcopenia is important because it can provide an opportunity for interventions to reverse or delay the progression of muscle disorder, which may ultimately impact cardiovascular outcomes. Relying on body mass index is not useful for screening because many patients will have sarcopenic obesity, a particularly important phenotype among older cardiac patients. In this review, we aimed to: (1) provide a definition of sarcopenia within the context of muscle wasting disorders; (2) summarize the associations between sarcopenia and different cardiovascular diseases; (3) highlight an approach for a diagnostic evaluation; (4) discuss management strategies for sarcopenia; and (5) outline key gaps in knowledge with implications for the future of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulla A Damluji
- Inova Center of Outcomes Research, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (A.A.D., W.B.B., C.R.D.)
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (A.A.D., M.A., G.G.)
| | - Maha Alfaraidhy
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (A.A.D., M.A., G.G.)
| | - Noora AlHajri
- Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (N.A.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wayne B Batchelor
- Inova Center of Outcomes Research, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (A.A.D., W.B.B., C.R.D.)
| | - Daniel E Forman
- University of Pittsburgh and the Pittsburgh Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, PA (D.E.F.)
| | | | | | | | - Karen P Alexander
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC (K.P.A.)
| | - Gary Gerstenblith
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (A.A.D., M.A., G.G.)
| | | | - Christopher R deFilippi
- Inova Center of Outcomes Research, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA (A.A.D., W.B.B., C.R.D.)
| | - Parag Goyal
- University of Arizona, Tucson (N.N.R., P.G.)
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30
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Sugita Y, Ito K, Yoshioka Y, Sakai S. Association of complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus with hemodynamics and exercise capacity in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a case-control study in individuals aged 65-80 years. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:97. [PMID: 37118820 PMCID: PMC10148403 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01835-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a frequently observed complication in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Although a characteristic finding in such patients is a decrease in objective exercise capacity represented by peak oxygen uptake (peakVO2), exercise capacity and its predictors in HFpEF with T2DM remain not clearly understood. This case-control study aimed to investigate the association between exercise capacity and hemodynamics indicators and T2DM comorbidity in patients with HFpEF aged 65-80 years. METHODS Ninety-nine stable outpatients with HFpEF and 50 age-and-sex-matched controls were enrolled. Patients with HFpEF were classified as HFpEF with T2DM (n = 51, median age, 76 years) or without T2DM (n = 48, median age, 76 years). The peakVO2 and ventilatory equivalent versus carbon dioxide output slope (VE vs VCO2 slope) were measured by cardiopulmonary exercise testing. The peak heart rate (HR) and peak stroke volume index (SI) were measured using impedance cardiography, and the estimated arteriovenous oxygen difference (peak a-vO2 diff) was calculated with Fick's equation. The obtained data were compared among the three groups using analysis of covariance adjusted for the β-blocker medication, presence or absence of sarcopenia, and hemoglobin levels in order to determine the T2DM effects on exercise capacity and hemodynamics in patients with HFpEF. RESULTS In HFpEF with T2DM compared with HFpEF without T2DM and the controls, the prevalence of sarcopenia, chronotropic incompetence, and anemia were significantly higher (p < 0.001). The peakVO2 (Controls 23.5 vs. without T2DM 15.1 vs. with T2DM 11.6 mL/min/kg), peak HR (Controls 164 vs. without T2DM 132 vs. with T2DM 120 bpm/min), peak a-vO2 (Controls 13.1 vs without T2DM 10.6 vs with T2DM 8.9 mL/100 mL), and VE vs VCO2 slope (Controls 33.2 vs without T2DM 35.0 vs with T2DM 38.2) were significantly worsened in patients with HFpEF with T2DM (median, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in peak SI among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that comorbid T2DM in patients with HFpEF may reduce exercise capacity, HR response, peripheral oxygen extraction, and ventilation efficiency. These results may help identify cardiovascular phenotypes of HFpEF complicated with T2DM and intervention targets for improving exercise intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousuke Sugita
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Tsukuba University of Technology, 4-12-7, Kasuga, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8521, Japan.
| | - Katsuhiko Ito
- Department of Rehabilitation, National Hospital Organization Matsumoto National Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Yui Yoshioka
- Department of Rehabilitation, Musashino General Hospital, Kawagoe, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sakai
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Tsukuba University of Technology, 4-12-7, Kasuga, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8521, Japan
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Sachdev V, Sharma K, Keteyian SJ, Alcain CF, Desvigne-Nickens P, Fleg JL, Florea VG, Franklin BA, Guglin M, Halle M, Leifer ES, Panjrath G, Tinsley EA, Wong RP, Kitzman DW. Supervised Exercise Training for Chronic Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology. J Am Coll Cardiol 2023; 81:1524-1542. [PMID: 36958952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is one of the most common forms of heart failure; its prevalence is increasing, and outcomes are worsening. Affected patients often experience severe exertional dyspnea and debilitating fatigue, as well as poor quality of life, frequent hospitalizations, and a high mortality rate. Until recently, most pharmacological intervention trials for HFpEF yielded neutral primary outcomes. In contrast, trials of exercise-based interventions have consistently demonstrated large, significant, clinically meaningful improvements in symptoms, objectively determined exercise capacity, and usually quality of life. This success may be attributed, at least in part, to the pleiotropic effects of exercise, which may favorably affect the full range of abnormalities-peripheral vascular, skeletal muscle, and cardiovascular-that contribute to exercise intolerance in HFpEF. Accordingly, this scientific statement critically examines the currently available literature on the effects of exercise-based therapies for chronic stable HFpEF, potential mechanisms for improvement of exercise capacity and symptoms, and how these data compare with exercise therapy for other cardiovascular conditions. Specifically, data reviewed herein demonstrate a comparable or larger magnitude of improvement in exercise capacity from supervised exercise training in patients with chronic HFpEF compared with those with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, although Medicare reimbursement is available only for the latter group. Finally, critical gaps in implementation of exercise-based therapies for patients with HFpEF, including exercise setting, training modalities, combinations with other strategies such as diet and medications, long-term adherence, incorporation of innovative and more accessible delivery methods, and management of recently hospitalized patients are highlighted to provide guidance for future research.
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32
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Chen R, Xu J, Wang Y, Jiang B, Xu X, Lan Y, Wang J, Lin X. Prevalence of sarcopenia and its association with clinical outcomes in heart failure: An updated meta-analysis and systematic review. Clin Cardiol 2023; 46:260-268. [PMID: 36644878 PMCID: PMC10018088 DOI: 10.1002/clc.23970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is thought to be strongly associated with heart failure, but meta-analyses with sufficient samples are still lacking to accurately address its clinical situation. HYPOTHESIS Sarcopenia has a high prevalence in patients with heart failure and is closely related to adverse clinical outcomes. METHODS Relevant databases were systematically searched in October 2021 and updated in July 2022. The data with high heterogeneity were combined with random effects model. RESULTS Twenty-one studies with 68,556 HF patients were included. The combined prevalence of sarcopenia in HF patients was 31%. Subgroup analysis found that the prevalence of sarcopenia in HF patients was 35% in Asia, 31% in Europe, 25% in the Americas, 31% in people aged ≥65 years, 25% in people with age <65 years, 28% in HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) patients and 18% in HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) patients. In addition, our analysis shows that sarcopenia in patients with HF is associated with an increased risk of poor prognosis, with a combined hazard ratio [HR] of 1.64 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.20-5.25), sarcopenia was also associated with poor outcomes in HFrEF patients with pooled HR of 2.77 (95% CI = 1.29-5.95). However, it was not associated with poor outcomes in HFpEF patients with pooled HR of 1.61 (95% CI = 0.82-3.16). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of sarcopenia is high in HF patients, and patients with HF, particularly those with reduced ejection fraction, are at high risk of adverse outcomes from sarcopenia. Therefore, early identification and intervention for sarcopenia were beneficial for improving the prognosis of HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruzhao Chen
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics/National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of MedicineJingGangshan UniversityJi'anChina
| | - Jiachen Xu
- Department of MedicineJingGangshan UniversityJi'anChina
| | - Yuge Wang
- Department of MedicineJingGangshan UniversityJi'anChina
| | - Benyue Jiang
- Department of MedicineJingGangshan UniversityJi'anChina
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of MedicineJingGangshan UniversityJi'anChina
| | - Yang Lan
- Department of MedicineJingGangshan UniversityJi'anChina
| | - Jiang Wang
- Department of MedicineJingGangshan UniversityJi'anChina
| | - Xiufang Lin
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics/National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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da Silva Costa AJ, Sabino-Pinho CP, Mendes RML, Santos NF. Sarcopenia and cachexia in hospitalized heart failure patients. NUTR CLIN METAB 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nupar.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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Effects of Concurrent Strength and Endurance Training on Measures of Physical Fitness in Healthy Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2023; 53:437-455. [PMID: 36222981 PMCID: PMC9876872 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01764-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence that in older adults the combination of strength training (ST) and endurance training (ET) (i.e., concurrent training [CT]) has similar effects on measures of muscle strength and cardiorespiratory endurance (CRE) compared with single-mode ST or ET, respectively. Therefore, CT seems to be an effective method to target broad aspects of physical fitness in older adults. OBJECTIVES The aim was to examine the effects of CT on measures of physical fitness (i.e., muscle strength, power, balance and CRE) in healthy middle-aged and older adults aged between 50 and 73 years. We also aimed to identify key moderating variables to guide training prescription. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. DATA SOURCES The electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, MEDLINE and Google Scholar were systematically searched until February 2022. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES We included randomized controlled trials that examined the effects of CT versus passive controls on measures of physical fitness in healthy middle-aged and older adults aged between 50 and 73 years. RESULTS Fifteen studies were eligible, including a total of 566 participants. CT induced moderate positive effects on muscle strength (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.74) and power (SMD = 0.50), with a small effect on CRE (SMD = 0.48). However, no significant effects were detected for balance (p > 0.05). Older adults > 65 years (SMD = 1.04) and females (SMD = 1.05) displayed larger improvements in muscle strength compared with adults ≤ 65 years old (SMD = 0.60) and males (SMD = 0.38), respectively. For CRE, moderate positive effects (SMD = 0.52) were reported in those ≤ 65 years old only, with relatively larger gains in females (SMD = 0.55) compared with males (SMD = 0.45). However, no significant differences between all subgroups were detected. Independent single training factor analysis indicated larger positive effects of 12 weeks (SMD = 0.87 and 0.88) compared with 21 weeks (SMD = 0.47 and 0.29) of CT on muscle strength and power, respectively, while for CRE, 21 weeks of CT resulted in larger gains (SMD = 0.62) than 12 weeks (SMD = 0.40). For CT frequency, three sessions per week produced larger beneficial effects (SMD = 0.91) on muscle strength compared with four sessions (SMD = 0.55), whereas for CRE, moderate positive effects were only noted after four sessions per week (SMD = 0.58). A session duration of > 30-60 min generated larger improvements in muscle strength (SMD = 0.99) and power (SMD = 0.88) compared with > 60-90 min (SMD = 0.40 and 0.29, respectively). However, for CRE, longer session durations (i.e., > 60-90 min) seem to be more effective (SMD = 0.61) than shorter ones (i.e., > 30-60 min) (SMD = 0.34). ET at moderate-to-near maximal intensities produced moderate (SMD = 0.64) and small positive effects (SMD = 0.49) on muscle strength and CRE, respectively, with no effects at low intensity ET (p > 0.05). Finally, intra-session ST before ET produced larger gains in muscle strength (SMD = 1.00) compared with separate sessions (SMD = 0.55), whereas ET and ST carried out separately induced larger improvements in CRE (SMD = 0.58) compared with intra-session ET before ST (SMD = 0.49). CONCLUSIONS CT is an effective method to improve measures of physical fitness (i.e., muscle strength, power, and CRE) in healthy middle-aged and older adults aged between 50 and 73 years, regardless of sex. Results of independent single training factor analysis indicated that the largest effects on muscle strength were observed after 12 weeks of training, > 30-60 min per session, three sessions per week, higher ET intensities and when ST preceded ET within the same session. For CRE, the largest effects were noted after 21 weeks of training, four sessions per week, > 60-90 min per session, higher ET intensities and when ET and ST sessions were performed separately. Regarding muscle power, the largest effects were observed after 12 weeks of training and > 30-60 min per session.
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Chandrashekhar Iyer L, Vaishali K, Babu AS. Prevalence of sarcopenia in heart failure: A systematic review. Indian Heart J 2023; 75:36-42. [PMID: 36567064 PMCID: PMC9986732 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Heart Failure (HF) is emerging as a crucial factor promoting muscle wasting and dysfunction contributing to sarcopenia. This modulates disease severity and reduces exercise capacity and leading to poorer outcomes. Therefore, we aimed to systematically investigate the overall prevalence of sarcopenia in HF. METHODS An electronic search was carried out in selected databases until 21st January, 2021. Data was pooled from the included articles and represented as pooled prevalence of sarcopenia. Subgroup analysis was undertaken between methods of diagnosis of sarcopenia, gender, ejection fraction, median time point and geographical region. RESULTS Amongst 32,643 citations imported from selected databases, 12 articles were included in final analysis. Analysis for prevalence of sarcopenia was 34%, with prevalence rates ranging from 10.1% to 68%. Subgroup analysis revealed strong associations between Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) (chi square = 3.24; p < 0.001), with a good level of agreement (kappa = 0.76 [95% CI: 0.70-0.82]; p < 0.001). Gender wise analysis revealed higher prevalence of sarcopenia among males (66%) than females (34%). CONCLUSION Sarcopenia is highly prevalent among those with HF (irrespective of type of HF) and is more commonly seen in males compared to females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshman Chandrashekhar Iyer
- Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India; MGM College of Physiotherapy, Sector 30, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - K Vaishali
- Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Abraham Samuel Babu
- Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
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Fuentes-Abolafio IJ, Bernal-López MR, Gómez-Huelgas R, Ricci M, Cuesta-Vargas AI, Pérez-Belmonte LM. Relationship between quadriceps femoris muscle architecture and muscle strength and physical function in older adults with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21660. [PMID: 36522418 PMCID: PMC9755120 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26064-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF)-related factors potentially lead to sarcopenia. Ultrasound (US) assessment has all the advantages of being used in clinical practice to assess muscle architecture. This study aimed to assess the relationship between the quadriceps femoris (QF) muscle architecture with the gender, age, body mass index (BMI), muscle strength and physical function in older adults with HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) as well as to assess the difference in these relationships between the two genders. Patients 70 years and older with HFpEF were included. The gender, age and BMI were collected. The QF muscle thickness, the QF muscle echo-intensity, the subcutaneous fat tissue thickness (FT) and the subcutaneous fat tissue echo-intensity were assessed by the US. The six-minute walk test, the short physical performance battery (SPPB), the timed up and go test (TUG), and the gait speed test (UGS) were used to assess physical function. The five-repetitions sit-to-stand test (5-STS) was performed to assess muscle strength. Bivariant Pearson correlations and subsequent multivariate linear regression analysis were conducted. Seventy older adults with HFpEF [81.00 (5.97) years] were recruited. The FT showed a correlation between poor and moderate muscle strength and physical function in women with HFpEF. The FT explained 24.5% of the 5-STS variance, 32.4% of the SPPB variance, 31.5% of the TUG variance, 28.6% of the UGS variance, and 21.4% of the FGS variance in women. The US assessment could allow clinicians to assess muscle architecture biomarkers related to muscle strength and physical function in older adults with HFpEF.Trial registration NCT03909919. April 10, 2019. Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván J. Fuentes-Abolafio
- grid.10215.370000 0001 2298 7828Grupo de Investigación Clinimetría CTS-631, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Málaga, C/Arquitecto Peñalosa, 3, 29071 Málaga, España ,grid.452525.1Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, España
| | - M. Rosa Bernal-López
- grid.452525.1Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, España ,grid.411457.2Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, España ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427CIBER Fisio-Patología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
| | - Ricardo Gómez-Huelgas
- grid.452525.1Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, España ,grid.411457.2Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, España ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427CIBER Fisio-Patología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
| | - Michele Ricci
- grid.411457.2Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, España
| | - Antonio I. Cuesta-Vargas
- grid.10215.370000 0001 2298 7828Grupo de Investigación Clinimetría CTS-631, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Málaga, C/Arquitecto Peñalosa, 3, 29071 Málaga, España ,grid.452525.1Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, España ,grid.1024.70000000089150953School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health at the Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Luis M. Pérez-Belmonte
- grid.452525.1Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, España ,grid.411457.2Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, España ,grid.10215.370000 0001 2298 7828Unidad de Neurofisiología Cognitiva, Centro de Investigaciones Médico Sanitarias (CIMES), Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Campus de Excelencia Internacional (CEI) Andalucía Tech, Málaga, España ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
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Zhou M, Li R, Chen Y, Gao Y, Wei Y, Lu M, Xi J, Lin Z, Zheng X, Jiang H. Impact of resistance exercise rehabilitation and whey protein supplementation in elderly patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction with sarcopenia: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e066331. [PMID: 36600348 PMCID: PMC9730387 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) affects more than half of the patients with heart failure. HFpEF and sarcopenia can interact with each other and contribute to reduced physiological function and increased mortality in elderly patients. Resistance training (RT) or resistance exercise rehabilitation (RER) may have benefits for elderly HFpEF patients with sarcopenia. Whey protein supplementation (WPS) may increase the effects of exercise on strength and muscle mass, in addition to promoting heart function and quality of life (QoL). However, studies are needed to evaluate effects of RER and WPS in patients with HFpEF with sarcopenia. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a prospective, randomised, controlled clinical trial in which patients with HFpEF with sarcopenia will be randomly allocated to three groups, control, RT and RT+WP. Participants in all groups will receive basic intervention including standard medicine treatment, home-based aerobic exercise and basic nutritional intervention. The RT group will undergo resistance exercise programmes, and the RT+WP group will receive daily WPS apart from resistance exercise. The study variables will be evaluated at baseline and 12 weeks. Primary outcome measure is the change of 6 min walking distance. Secondary outcomes include parameters of muscle status, cardiac function, nutritional status, QoL and major adverse cardiovascular events. The primary efficacy analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study was approved by Ethics Committee of China-Japan Friendship Hospital for Clinical Research (No. 2022-KY-003). The results of this study will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and presentations at conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR2200061069.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Zhou
- Department of Health Care, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Health Care, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Health Care, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Health Care, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhao Wei
- China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, Beijing, China
- Department of Integrative Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Meishan Lu
- Department of Integrative Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Jieren Xi
- Department of Integrative Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Zhizhou Lin
- Department of Integrative Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zheng
- Department of Health Care, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Integrative Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, Beijing, China
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Formiga F, Chivite D. [Sarcopenia and heart failure: Room for improvement in its knowledge]. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol 2022; 57:287-288. [PMID: 36372685 DOI: 10.1016/j.regg.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Formiga
- Sección de Geriatría. Servicio de Medicina Interna. Hospital Universitari Bellvitge. IDIBELL. L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España.
| | - David Chivite
- Sección de Geriatría. Servicio de Medicina Interna. Hospital Universitari Bellvitge. IDIBELL. L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España
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Muacevic A, Adler JR. Risk Factors and Outcomes of Protein-Calorie Malnutrition in Chronic Heart Failure Patients Undergoing Elective Cardiac Surgery. Cureus 2022; 14:e30378. [PMID: 36407213 PMCID: PMC9667748 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic heart failure (CHF) patients are often malnourished. Our aim was to determine the effect of protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) on in-hospital outcomes in CHF patients following elective cardiac surgery and to identify risk factors for PCM in this patient population. METHODS A retrospective analysis of the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database was conducted from 2016 to 2018. In-hospital outcomes in adult patients with CHF undergoing elective coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) with cardiopulmonary bypass-assist or cardiac valve replacement surgeries were analyzed. Propensity-score matching was used to match CHF patients with and without PCM and followed by logistic regression analysis. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the risk factors associated with PCM in this population. RESULTS In total 25,940 CHF patients were identified, of which 6,271 underwent elective CABG and 19,669 underwent valve replacement surgeries. The prevalence of PCM in CHF patients undergoing CABG and valve replacement was 3.9% and 2.9%, respectively. CHF patients with PCM had significantly higher risk of in-hospital mortality, post-operative cardiac and gastrointestinal complications compared to CHF patients without PCM. The mean hospital length of stay was twice as high in the PCM group (mean days: 18.6 vs 9.9). Female gender, Black race (vs White race), a high Charlson Comorbidity Index, Medicare/Medicaid insurance status (vs private insurance), and CHF (systolic and combined systolic and diastolic) were independently associated with significantly higher risk of PCM diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS CHF patients with PCM who undergo elective CABG or valve replacement surgeries are at a significantly higher risk of mortality, post-operative cardiac and gastrointestinal complications, and increased duration of hospital stay compared to those without PCM. Future prospective studies should assess the CHF patients who are at a higher risk of PCM and whether correcting pre-operative nutrition in this surgical population can improve outcomes following cardiac surgery.
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Mirzai S, Eck BL, Chen PH, Estep JD, Tang WHW. Current Approach to the Diagnosis of Sarcopenia in Heart Failure: A Narrative Review on the Role of Clinical and Imaging Assessments. Circ Heart Fail 2022; 15:e009322. [PMID: 35924562 PMCID: PMC9588634 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.121.009322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia has been established as a predictor of poor outcomes in various clinical settings. It is particularly prevalent in heart failure, a clinical syndrome that poses significant challenges to health care worldwide. Despite this, sarcopenia remains overlooked and undertreated in cardiology practice. Understanding the currently proposed diagnostic process is paramount for the early detection and treatment of sarcopenia to mitigate downstream adverse health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Mirzai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Brendan L. Eck
- Section of Musculoskeletal Imaging, Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Po-Hao Chen
- Section of Musculoskeletal Imaging, Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Jerry D. Estep
- Department of Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL
| | - W. H. Wilson Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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Fuentes-Abolafio IJ, Ricci M, Bernal-López MR, Gómez-Huelgas R, Cuesta-Vargas AI, Pérez-Belmonte LM. Biomarkers and the quadriceps femoris muscle architecture assessed by ultrasound in older adults with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a cross-sectional study. Aging Clin Exp Res 2022; 34:2493-2504. [PMID: 35939260 PMCID: PMC9637604 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-022-02189-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is an important comorbidity in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The ultrasound (US) assessment has all the advantages of being used in primary care to assess muscle quantity and quality. Some biomarkers could be indicative of muscle mass loss. AIMS To describe the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the quadriceps femoris assessed by US in older adults with HFpEF and to assess the relationship of the blood and urinary biomarkers, the polypharmacy and comorbidities with US outcomes in older adults with HFpEF. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted. 76 older adults with HFpEF were included. The quadriceps femoris muscle thickness (MT, cm), the subcutaneous fat tissue thickness (FT, cm), the muscle echo intensity (MEI) and the subcutaneous fat tissue echo intensity (FEI) were assessed by US in a non-contraction (non-con) and contraction (con) situations. Polypharmacy, comorbidities, blood and urine biomarkers were also collected. RESULTS The carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA-125), the folic acid and the urine creatinine shared the 86.6% variance in the non-con MT, adjusted by age, sex and body mass index (BMI). The folic acid shared the 38.5% of the variance in the con MT, adjusted by age, sex and BMI. The glycosylated haemoglobin explained the 39.6% variance in the non-con MEI, adjusted by age, sex and BMI. The chlorine (Cl-) explained the 40.2% of the variance in the non-con FT, adjusted by age, sex and BMI. The polypharmacy and the folic acid explained the 37.9% of variance in the non-con FEI, while the polypharmacy and the thyrotropin (TSH) shared the 44.4% of variance in the con FEI, both adjusted by age, sex and BMI. No comorbidities, polypharmacy, or blood and urinary biomarkers could explain the con MEI and the con FT variance. CONCLUSIONS Blood and urinary biomarkers obtained in routine analyses could help clinicians detect US outcome changes in older adults with HFpEF and identify a worsening of sarcopenia. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03909919. April 10, 2019. Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván José Fuentes-Abolafio
- Grupo de Investigación Clinimetría CTS-631, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidad de Málaga, C/Arquitecto Peñalosa, 3, 29071, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA, Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, Spain
| | - Michele Ricci
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - María Rosa Bernal-López
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA, Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER Fisio-Patología de La Obesidad Y La Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Gómez-Huelgas
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA, Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER Fisio-Patología de La Obesidad Y La Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Ignacio Cuesta-Vargas
- Grupo de Investigación Clinimetría CTS-631, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidad de Málaga, C/Arquitecto Peñalosa, 3, 29071, Málaga, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA, Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, Spain.
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health at the Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Luis Miguel Pérez-Belmonte
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA, Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Unidad de Neurofisiología Cognitiva, Centro de Investigaciones Médico Sanitarias (CIMES), Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Campus de Excelencia Internacional (CEI) Andalucía Tech, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Winzer EB, Augstein A, Schauer A, Mueller S, Fischer-Schaepmann T, Goto K, Hommel J, van Craenenbroeck EM, Wisløff U, Pieske B, Halle M, Linke A, Adams V. Impact of Different Training Modalities on Molecular Alterations in Skeletal Muscle of Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Substudy of the OptimEx Trial. Circ Heart Fail 2022; 15:e009124. [DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.121.009124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Exercise intolerance is a cardinal feature of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and so far exercise training (ET) is the most effective treatment. Since the improvement in exercise capacity is only weakly associated with changes in diastolic function other mechanisms, like changes in the skeletal muscle, contribute to improvement in peak oxygen consumption. The aim of the present study was to analyze molecular changes in skeletal muscle of patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction performing different ET modalities.
Methods:
Skeletal muscle biopsies were taken at study begin and after 3 and 12 months from patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction randomized either into a control group (guideline based advice for ET), a high-intensity interval training group (HIIT) or a moderate continuous training group. The first 3 months of ET were supervised in-hospital followed by 9 months home-based ET. Protein and mRNA expression of atrophy-related proteins, enzyme activities of enzymes linked to energy metabolism and satellite cells (SCs) were quantified.
Results:
Exercise capacity improved 3 months after moderate continuous exercise training and HIIT. This beneficial effect was lost after 12 months. HIIT mainly improved markers of energy metabolism and the amount and function of SC, with minor changes in markers for muscle atrophy. Only slight changes were observed after moderate continuous exercise training. The molecular changes were no longer detectable after 12 months.
Conclusions:
Despite similar improvements in exercise capacity by HIIT and moderate continuous exercise training after 3 months, only HIIT altered proteins related to energy metabolism and amount/function of SC. These effects were lost after switching from in-hospital to at-home-based ET.
Registration:
URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02078947.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ephraim B. Winzer
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Center Dresden, Germany (E.B.W., A.A., A.S., K.G., J.H., A.L., V.A.)
| | - Antje Augstein
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Center Dresden, Germany (E.B.W., A.A., A.S., K.G., J.H., A.L., V.A.)
| | - Antje Schauer
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Center Dresden, Germany (E.B.W., A.A., A.S., K.G., J.H., A.L., V.A.)
| | - Stephan Mueller
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany (S.M., M.H.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (S.M., M.H.)
| | - Tina Fischer-Schaepmann
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig – University Hospital, Helios Stiftungsprofessur, Germany (T.F.-S.)
| | - Keita Goto
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Center Dresden, Germany (E.B.W., A.A., A.S., K.G., J.H., A.L., V.A.)
| | - Jennifer Hommel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Center Dresden, Germany (E.B.W., A.A., A.S., K.G., J.H., A.L., V.A.)
| | - Emeline M. van Craenenbroeck
- Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, GENCOR, University of Antwerp, Belgium (E.M.v.C.)
- Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium (E.M.v.C.)
| | - Ulrik Wisløff
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway (U.W.)
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (B.P.)
| | - Martin Halle
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany (S.M., M.H.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (S.M., M.H.)
| | - Axel Linke
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Center Dresden, Germany (E.B.W., A.A., A.S., K.G., J.H., A.L., V.A.)
| | - Volker Adams
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Technische Universität Dresden, Heart Center Dresden, Germany (E.B.W., A.A., A.S., K.G., J.H., A.L., V.A.)
- Dresden Cardiovascular Research Institute and Core Laboratories GmbH, Germany (V.A.)
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Hashimoto K, Hirashiki A, Oya K, Sugioka J, Tanioku S, Sato K, Ueda I, Itoh N, Kokubo M, Shimizu A, Kagaya H, Kondo I. Life-Space Activities Are Associated with the Prognosis of Older Adults with Cardiovascular Disease. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9100323. [PMID: 36286275 PMCID: PMC9604436 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9100323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Life-space activities are a measure of daily activity level. Here, we examined the association between life-space activities and prognosis in 129 cardiovascular diseases (CVD) patients 65 years of age or older (average age, 79.2 ± 7.6 years; mean left ventricular ejection fraction, 56.7 ± 13.2%) who had been admitted to our hospital for worsening CVD. Subjects were followed, and the primary endpoints were cardiovascular hospitalization and cardiovascular death. Receiver operating characteristic analysis produced a cutoff value for life-space assessment (LSA) score for increased risk of cardiovascular hospitalization for two years of 53.0 points (sensitivity, 55.9%; specificity, 82.1%). Kaplan−Meier analysis using this cutoff value revealed that the rates of cardiovascular hospitalization and cardiovascular death were significantly higher in subjects with an LSA score below the cutoff than in those with a score above the cutoff (both p < 0.001). Cox proportional analysis revealed that low LSA score was independently associated with cardiovascular hospitalization (HR, 2.540; 95% CI, 1.135−5.680; p = 0.023) and cardiovascular death (HR, 15.223; 95% CI, 1.689−137.180; p = 0.015), even after adjusting for age, sex, left ventricular ejection fraction, and log-transformed brain natriuretic peptide level. Thus, life-space activities are associated with prognosis in older adults with CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kakeru Hashimoto
- Department of Rehabilitation, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hirashiki
- Department of Cardiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-562-46-2311
| | - Koharu Oya
- Department of Rehabilitation, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan
| | - Junpei Sugioka
- Department of Rehabilitation, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan
| | - Shunya Tanioku
- Department of Rehabilitation, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan
| | - Kenji Sato
- Department of Rehabilitation, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan
| | - Ikue Ueda
- Department of Rehabilitation, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan
| | - Naoki Itoh
- Department of Rehabilitation, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan
| | - Manabu Kokubo
- Department of Cardiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan
| | - Atsuya Shimizu
- Department of Cardiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kagaya
- Department of Rehabilitation, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan
| | - Izumi Kondo
- Department of Rehabilitation, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan
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Lee JH, Hwang KK. End-of-Life Care for End-stage Heart Failure Patients. Korean Circ J 2022; 52:659-679. [PMID: 36097835 PMCID: PMC9470494 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2022.0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although recent heart failure (HF) guidelines highlight integrative palliative care, including end-of-life (EOL), appropriate discussing EOL issues can be challenging due to possibility of unexpected deterioration throughout HF trajectory. Open communication and discussions with multidisciplinary team are important for setting patient and family expectations and establishing mutually agreed goals of care based firmly on the patient’s ‘human dignity’ and ‘right to self-determination.’ Especially when quality-of-life outweighs expanding quantity-of-life, transition to EOL care should be considered. Advanced care planning including resuscitation, device deactivation, site for last days, and bereavement support should focus on ensuring a good death, and be reviewed regularly. Efforts to improve end-of-life (EOL) care have generally been focused on cancer patients, but high-quality EOL care is also important for patients with other serious medical illnesses including heart failure (HF). Recent HF guidelines offer more clinical considerations for palliative care including EOL care than ever before. Because HF patients can experience rapid, unexpected clinical deterioration or sudden death throughout the disease trajectory, choosing an appropriate time to discuss issues such as advance directives or hospice can be challenging in real clinical situations. Therefore, EOL issues should be discussed early. Conversations are important for understanding patient and family expectations and developing mutually agreed goals of care. In particular, high-quality communication with patient and family through a multidisciplinary team is necessary to define patient-centered goals of care and establish treatment based on goals. Control of symptoms such as dyspnea, pain, anxiety/depression, fatigue, nausea, anorexia, and altered mental status throughout the dying process is an important issue that is often overlooked. When quality-of-life outweighs expanding quantity-of-life, the transition to EOL care should be considered. Advanced care planning including resuscitation (i.e., do-not resuscitate order), device deactivation, site for last days and bereavement support for the family should focus on ensuring a good death and be reviewed regularly. It is essential to ensure that treatment for all HF patients incorporates discussions about the overall goals of care and individual patient preferences at both the EOL and sudden changes in health status. In this review, we focus on EOL care for end-stage HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Kyung-Kuk Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea.
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Abstract
Sarcopenia is common in aging and in patients with heart failure (HF) who may experience worse outcomes. Patients with muscle wasting are more likely to experience falls and can have serious complications when undergoing cardiac procedures. While intensive nutritional support and exercise rehabilitation can help reverse some of these changes, they are often under-prescribed in a timely manner, and we have limited insights into who would benefit. Mechanistic links between gut microbial metabolites (GMM) have been identified and may contribute to adverse clinical outcomes in patients with cardio-renal diseases and aging. This review will examine the emerging evidence for the influence of the gut microbiome-derived metabolites and notable signaling pathways involved in both sarcopenia and HF, especially those linked to dietary intake and mitochondrial metabolism. This provides a unique opportunity to gain mechanistic and clinical insights into developing novel therapeutic strategies that target these GMM pathways or through tailored nutritional modulation to prevent progressive muscle wasting in elderly patients with heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Feng Liu
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - W H Wilson Tang
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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46
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Benefits of a Balance Exercise Assist Robot in the Cardiac Rehabilitation of Older Adults with Cardiovascular Disease: A Preliminary Study. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9060191. [PMID: 35735820 PMCID: PMC9224750 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9060191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined whether adding robot-supported balance exercises to cardiac rehabilitation improves the ability to balance in older adults with cardiovascular disease (CVD). We conducted a prospective study in 52 older adults who had been hospitalized for worsening CVD. Once weekly for four months, for a total of sixteen sessions as outpatients, the subjects used a Balance Exercise Assist Robot (BEAR) to perform balance exercises and an ergometer for aerobic exercises. Participants’ mean age was 76.9 ± 6.8 years (range, 65−95 years), and their mean brain natriuretic protein level was 164.0 ± 190.0 pg/mL. After the intervention, participants showed significant improvements in gait speed (before, 1.06 ± 0.33 m/s; after, 1.23 ± 0.30 m/s; p < 0.001), Short Physical Performance Battery score (before, 10.02 ± 2.25; after, 10.88 ± 1.79; p ˂ 0.001), timed up-and-go (before, 11.11 ± 5.07 s; after, 9.45 ± 3.45 s; p ˂ 0.001), and knee extension (before, 26.97 ± 11.78 kgf; after, 30.13 ± 13.04 kgf; p = 0.001). Cardiac rehabilitation including exercises using BEAR improved physical functioning and the ability to balance in older adults with CVD. Frail and prefrail patients improved, whereas robust ones did not change.
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Al-Absi HRH, Islam MT, Refaee MA, Chowdhury MEH, Alam T. Cardiovascular Disease Diagnosis from DXA Scan and Retinal Images Using Deep Learning. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22124310. [PMID: 35746092 PMCID: PMC9228833 DOI: 10.3390/s22124310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide. People affected by CVDs may go undiagnosed until the occurrence of a serious heart failure event such as stroke, heart attack, and myocardial infraction. In Qatar, there is a lack of studies focusing on CVD diagnosis based on non-invasive methods such as retinal image or dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). In this study, we aimed at diagnosing CVD using a novel approach integrating information from retinal images and DXA data. We considered an adult Qatari cohort of 500 participants from Qatar Biobank (QBB) with an equal number of participants from the CVD and the control groups. We designed a case-control study with a novel multi-modal (combining data from multiple modalities-DXA and retinal images)-to propose a deep learning (DL)-based technique to distinguish the CVD group from the control group. Uni-modal models based on retinal images and DXA data achieved 75.6% and 77.4% accuracy, respectively. The multi-modal model showed an improved accuracy of 78.3% in classifying CVD group and the control group. We used gradient class activation map (GradCAM) to highlight the areas of interest in the retinal images that influenced the decisions of the proposed DL model most. It was observed that the model focused mostly on the centre of the retinal images where signs of CVD such as hemorrhages were present. This indicates that our model can identify and make use of certain prognosis markers for hypertension and ischemic heart disease. From DXA data, we found higher values for bone mineral density, fat content, muscle mass and bone area across majority of the body parts in CVD group compared to the control group indicating better bone health in the Qatari CVD cohort. This seminal method based on DXA scans and retinal images demonstrate major potentials for the early detection of CVD in a fast and relatively non-invasive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamada R. H. Al-Absi
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha 34110, Qatar;
| | - Mohammad Tariqul Islam
- Computer Science Department, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, CT 06515, USA;
| | | | | | - Tanvir Alam
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha 34110, Qatar;
- Correspondence:
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48
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Blanquet M, Massoulié G, Boirie Y, Guiguet-Auclair C, Mulliez A, Anker S, Boiteux MCD, Jean F, Combaret N, Souteyrand G, Riocreux C, Pereira B, Motreff P, Rossignol P, Clerfond G, Eschalier R. Handgrip strength to screen early-onset sarcopenia in heart failure. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 50:183-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Smith C, Woessner MN, Sim M, Levinger I. Sarcopenia definition: Does it really matter? Implications for resistance training. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 78:101617. [PMID: 35378297 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The loss of muscle mass, strength and function, known as sarcopenia, is common in older adults, and is associated with falls, fractures, cardiometabolic diseases, and lower quality of life. Sarcopenia can also occur secondarily to chronic diseases. Recently, sarcopenia was recognized as a disease with an International Classification of Disease (ICD) code, yet, at least five definitions for its clinical identification exist. Most definitions include three themes: low muscle mass, strength and physical performance. However, the definitions vary by the number of themes needed to diagnose sarcopenia and, within each theme various parameters and cut-off levels exist. The lack of consensus on what constitutes a diagnosis can create confusion and hesitation in sarcopenia diagnosis. Currently, no pharmacological treatment exists for sarcopenia. Resistance training (RT) is safe and effective to improve muscle mass, strength and physical performance in older adults and clinical populations. Based on current guidelines, whether an individual is defined as "sarcopenic", or not, does not change the way RT is prescribed. Here, we present evidence and the inconsistencies in sarcopenia definitions and recommend that focus should be on optimizing ways to prescribe RT and increase long-term adherence, rather than on slight modifications to sarcopenia definitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Smith
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Mary N Woessner
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Marc Sim
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia; Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia; Western Health and the University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, Footscray, VIC, Australia.
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50
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Bekfani T, Bekhite M, Neugebauer S, Derlien S, Hamadanchi A, Nisser J, Hilse MS, Haase D, Kretzschmar T, Wu MF, Lichtenauer M, Kiehntopf M, von Haehling S, Schlattmann P, Lehmann G, Franz M, Möbius-Winkler S, Schulze C. Metabolomic Profiling in Patients with Heart Failure and Exercise Intolerance: Kynurenine as a Potential Biomarker. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101674. [PMID: 35626711 PMCID: PMC9139290 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: Metabolic and structural perturbations in skeletal muscle have been found in patients with heart failure (HF) both with preserved (HFpEF) and reduced (HFrEF) ejection fraction in association with reduced muscle endurance (RME). We aimed in the current study to create phenotypes for patients with RME and HFpEF compared to RME HFrEF according to their metabolomic profiles and to test the potential of Kynurenine (Kyn) as a marker for RME. Methods: Altogether, 18 HFrEF, 17 HFpEF, and 20 healthy controls (HC) were prospectively included in the current study. The following tests were performed on all participants: isokinetic muscle function tests, echocardiography, spiroergometry, and varied blood tests. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used to quantify metabolites in serum. Results: Except for aromatic and branched amino acids (AA), patients with HF showed reduced AAs compared to HC. Further perturbations were elevated concentrations of Kyn and acylcarnitines (ACs) in HFpEF and HFrEF patients (p < 0.05). While patients with HFpEF and RME presented with reduced concentrations of ACs (long- and medium-chains), those with HFrEF and RME had distorted AAs metabolism (p < 0.05). With an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.83, Kyn shows potential as a marker in HF and RME (specificity 70%, sensitivity 83%). In a multiple regression model consisting of short-chain-ACs, spermine, ornithine, glutamate, and Kyn, the latest was an independent predictor for RME (95% CI: −13.01, −3.30, B: −8.2 per 1 µM increase, p = 0.001). Conclusions: RME in patients with HFpEF vs. HFrEF proved to have different metabolomic profiles suggesting varied pathophysiology. Kyn might be a promising biomarker for patients with HF and RME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Bekfani
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Medical Care, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto von Guericke-University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Medical Care, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.B.); (A.H.); (M.S.H.); (D.H.); (T.K.); (M.-F.W.); (M.F.); (S.M.-W.)
| | - Mohamed Bekhite
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Medical Care, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.B.); (A.H.); (M.S.H.); (D.H.); (T.K.); (M.-F.W.); (M.F.); (S.M.-W.)
| | - Sophie Neugebauer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany; (S.N.); (M.K.)
| | - Steffen Derlien
- Institute of Physiotherapy, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany; (S.D.); (J.N.)
| | - Ali Hamadanchi
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Medical Care, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.B.); (A.H.); (M.S.H.); (D.H.); (T.K.); (M.-F.W.); (M.F.); (S.M.-W.)
| | - Jenny Nisser
- Institute of Physiotherapy, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany; (S.D.); (J.N.)
| | - Marion S. Hilse
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Medical Care, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.B.); (A.H.); (M.S.H.); (D.H.); (T.K.); (M.-F.W.); (M.F.); (S.M.-W.)
| | - Daniela Haase
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Medical Care, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.B.); (A.H.); (M.S.H.); (D.H.); (T.K.); (M.-F.W.); (M.F.); (S.M.-W.)
| | - Tom Kretzschmar
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Medical Care, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.B.); (A.H.); (M.S.H.); (D.H.); (T.K.); (M.-F.W.); (M.F.); (S.M.-W.)
| | - Mei-Fang Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Medical Care, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.B.); (A.H.); (M.S.H.); (D.H.); (T.K.); (M.-F.W.); (M.F.); (S.M.-W.)
| | - Michael Lichtenauer
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Michael Kiehntopf
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany; (S.N.); (M.K.)
| | - Stephan von Haehling
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany;
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Schlattmann
- Institute for Medical Statistics, Computer Science and Data Science (IMSID), Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Gabriele Lehmann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Marcus Franz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Medical Care, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.B.); (A.H.); (M.S.H.); (D.H.); (T.K.); (M.-F.W.); (M.F.); (S.M.-W.)
| | - Sven Möbius-Winkler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Medical Care, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.B.); (A.H.); (M.S.H.); (D.H.); (T.K.); (M.-F.W.); (M.F.); (S.M.-W.)
| | - Christian Schulze
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Medical Care, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.B.); (A.H.); (M.S.H.); (D.H.); (T.K.); (M.-F.W.); (M.F.); (S.M.-W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3641-932-4101; Fax: +49-3641-932-4102
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