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Elbarbary NK, Dandrawy MK, Hadad G, Abdelhaseib M, Osman AAA, Alenazy R, Elbagory I, Abdelmotilib NM, Elnoamany F, Ibrahim GA, Gomaa RA. Bacterial Quality and Molecular Detection of Food Poisoning Virulence Genes Isolated from Nasser Lake Fish, Aswan, Egypt. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2024; 2024:6095430. [PMID: 38962099 PMCID: PMC11222005 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6095430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The microbial analysis of fish is critical for ensuring overall health. Uncooked fish can serve as a conduit for transmitting several types of microbes; the current investigation sought to assess the bacterial levels in various kinds of fish from Nasser Lake, Aswan, Egypt, considered the chief source of potable water in Egypt. Two hundred and fifty fish samples, including 50 of each Oreochromis niloticus, Sander lucioperca, Lates niloticus, Clarias gariepinus, and Mormyrus kannume, from Nasser Lake, Aswan, Egypt, were collected to detect the bacterial load, isolation, and identification of Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus and their virulence genes. The findings revealed that Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus exhibited higher bacterial loads than other fish species. Incidences of bacterial contamination among examined fishes were 28.8%, 20.4%, and 16% for Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, respectively. Additionally, PCR analysis detected the presence of aerA (60%) and Act (40%) genes in A. hydrophila, rpoB (70%) and LasB (30%) genes in P. aeruginosa, and ToxR (70%) and tdh (50%) genes in V. parahaemolyticus. The study suggested that the bacterial contamination levels in Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus could be notably more significant than in other species that could potentially be harmful to the consumers, especially considering the identification of particular bacteria known to cause foodborne illnesses. Further recommendations emphasized that regular monitoring and assessments are required to preserve their quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nady Khairy Elbarbary
- Department of Food Hygiene and ControlFaculty of Veterinary MedicineAswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
| | - Mohamed K. Dandrawy
- Department of Food Hygiene and ControlFaculty of Veterinary MedicineSouth Valley University, Qena 83522, Egypt
| | - Ghada Hadad
- Department of Animal Hygiene and ZoonosesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Sadat City, Sadat, Egypt
| | - Maha Abdelhaseib
- Department of Food HygieneSafety and TechnologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineAssiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Amna A. A. Osman
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyFaculty of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesAswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
| | - Rawaf Alenazy
- Department of Medical LaboratoryCollege of Applied Medical Sciences-ShaqraShaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Elbagory
- Department of PharmaceuticsFaculty of PharmacyNorthern Border University, Rafhaa 76321, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neveen M. Abdelmotilib
- Department of Food TechnologyArid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI)City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-CITY), New Borg El-Arab City 21934, Egypt
| | - Fagelnour Elnoamany
- General Administration for Laboratories AffairsNational Food Safety Authority (NFSA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada A. Ibrahim
- Department of BacteriologyAgriculture Research Center (ARC)Animal Health Research Institute, Ismailia 41511, Egypt
| | - Reda A. Gomaa
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyFaculty of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesAswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
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Ju Z, Cui L, Lei C, Song M, Chen X, Liao Z, Zhang T, Wang H. Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Isolated from Breeder Poultry Farm Sources in China, 2020-2021. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1642. [PMID: 37998844 PMCID: PMC10669045 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12111642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-typhoidal salmonellosis is a dangerous foodborne disease that causes enormous economic loss and threatens public health worldwide. The consumption of food, especially poultry or poultry products, contaminated with non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is the main cause of human salmonellosis. To date, no research has identified the molecular epidemiological characteristics of NTS strains isolated from breeder chicken farms in different provinces of China. In our study, we investigated the antimicrobial resistance, phylogenetic relationships, presence of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes, and plasmids of NTS isolates recovered from breeder chicken farms in five provinces of China between 2020 and 2021 by using a whole-genome sequencing (WGS) approach and phenotypic methods. All sequenced isolates belonged to six serovars with seven sequence types. Nearly half of the isolates (44.87%) showed phenotypic resistance to at least three classes of antimicrobials. Salmonella enterica serotype Kentucky harbored more antimicrobial resistance genes than the others, which was highly consistent with phenotypic resistance. Furthermore, the carried rate of 104 out of 135 detected virulence genes was 100%. Overall, our WGS results highlight the need for the continuous monitoring of, and additional studies on, the antimicrobial resistance of NTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijing Ju
- Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610017, China; (Z.J.); (C.L.); (X.C.); (Z.L.); (T.Z.)
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Lulu Cui
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (L.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Changwei Lei
- Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610017, China; (Z.J.); (C.L.); (X.C.); (Z.L.); (T.Z.)
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Mengze Song
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (L.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Xuan Chen
- Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610017, China; (Z.J.); (C.L.); (X.C.); (Z.L.); (T.Z.)
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Ziwei Liao
- Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610017, China; (Z.J.); (C.L.); (X.C.); (Z.L.); (T.Z.)
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Tiejun Zhang
- Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610017, China; (Z.J.); (C.L.); (X.C.); (Z.L.); (T.Z.)
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Hongning Wang
- Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610017, China; (Z.J.); (C.L.); (X.C.); (Z.L.); (T.Z.)
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610064, China
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Application and synthesis of thiazole ring in clinically approved drugs. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 250:115172. [PMID: 36758304 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of heterocyclic derivatives has progressed considerably over the past few decades, and many new agents of synthetic and natural origin have been produced. Among heterocyclic compounds, thiazole is a unique five-membered heterocyclic motif characterized by nitrogen and sulfur atoms, which is widely used as an important core skeleton in a variety of pharmaceutically important compounds due to their diverse biological activities, such as antibacterial, antivirus, and antifungal. To the best of our knowledge, more than 90 thiazole-containing derivatives have been currently under clinical investigation, and some thiazole analogs have been approved to treat various diseases. As the potentially privileged scaffolds, thiazole derivatives can be further extensively explored to search for new drugs characterized by improved therapeutic efficacy and similar biological targets. This review aims to outline the applications and synthetic routes of some representative thiazole-containing drugs approved in the clinic, which may guide medicinal researchers to rationally design more effective thiazole-containing drug candidates.
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Molecular Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci from the Dairy Value Chain in Two Indian States. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12020344. [PMID: 36839616 PMCID: PMC9965176 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine milk and milk products may contain pathogens, antimicrobial resistant bacteria, and antibiotic residues that could harm consumers. We analyzed 282 gram-positive isolates from milk samples from dairy farmers and vendors in Haryana and Assam, India, to assess the prevalence of methicillin-resistant staphylococci using microbiological tests, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and genotyping by PCR. The prevalence of genotypic methicillin resistance in isolates from raw milk samples was 5% [95% confidence interval, CI (3-8)], with 7% [CI (3-10)] in Haryana, in contrast to 2% [CI (0.2-6)] in Assam. The prevalence was the same in isolates from milk samples collected from farmers [5% (n = 6), CI (2-11)] and vendors [5% (n = 7), CI (2-10)]. Methicillin resistance was also observed in 15% of the isolates from pasteurized milk [(n = 3), CI (3-38)]. Two staphylococci harboring a novel mecC gene were identified for the first time in Indian dairy products. The only SCCmec type identified was Type V. The staphylococci with the mecA (n = 11) gene in raw milk were commonly resistant to oxacillin [92%, CI (59-100)] and cefoxitin [74%, CI (39-94)], while the isolates with mecC (n = 2) were resistant to oxacillin (100%) only. All the staphylococci with the mecA (n = 3) gene in pasteurized milk were resistant to both oxacillin and cefoxitin. Our results provided evidence that methicillin-resistant staphylococci occur in dairy products in India with potential public health implications. The state with more intensive dairy systems (Haryana) had higher levels of methicillin-resistant bacteria in milk.
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The Mechanisms Involved in the Fluoroquinolone Resistance of Salmonella enterica Strains Isolated from Humans in Poland, 2018-2019: The Prediction of Antimicrobial Genes by In Silico Whole-Genome Sequencing. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12020193. [PMID: 36839465 PMCID: PMC9966331 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonellosis remains the second most common zoonosis in Europe. Resistance to fluoroquinolones (FQs) in Salmonella has been increasing worldwide, with WHO considering FQ-resistant Salmonella spp. as high-priority pathogens. The aim of this study was a retrospective analysis of the molecular mechanisms of FQ resistance, detected among clinical ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enterica belonging to the most common serotypes. The whole genome sequences (WGS) of tested isolates were also analysed for the occurrence of other antimicrobial resistance determinants. Out of a total of 1051 Salmonella collected in the years 2018-2019, 447 strains belonging to the most common serotypes in Poland were selected were screened for FQ resistance using the pefloxacin disc test according to EUCAST recommendations. All pefloxacin-resistant isolates were confirmed as ciprofloxacin-resistant using the E-test. A total of 168 (37.6%) Salmonella enterica, which belonged to seven serotypes, were resistant to ciprofloxacin (mostly Hadar, Virchow and Newport). A hundred randomly selected Salmonella were investigated by WGS. A total of 127 QRDR mutations in GyrA and ParC were identified in 93 isolates. The qnr genes were the only PMQR determinants detected and were found in 19% of the sequenced isolates. Moreover, 19 additional resistance genes (including: bla,,tet, sul, aad, aac-, ant-, aph-, floR, cmlA) were identified among the FQ-resistant Salmonella tested that confer resistance to clinically important antibiotics such as β-lactams, tetracyclines, sulphonamides, aminoglycosides and phenicol, respectively). In conclusion, FQ resistance of human Salmonella in Poland is rising towards a critical level and needs to be tightly monitored.
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Zaher HA, El Baz S, Alothaim AS, Alsalamah SA, Alghonaim MI, Alawam AS, Eraqi MM. Molecular Basis of Methicillin and Vancomycin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus from Cattle, Sheep Carcasses and Slaughterhouse Workers. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020205. [PMID: 36830115 PMCID: PMC9952529 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a serious infection-causing pathogen in humans and animal. In particular, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is considered one of the major life-threatening pathogens due to its rapid resistance to several antibiotics in clinical practice. MRSA strains have recently been isolated in a number of animals utilized in food production processes, and these species are thought to be the important sources of the spread of infection and disease in both humans and animals. The main objective of the current study was to assess the prevalence of drug-resistant S. aureus, particularly vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) and MRSA, by molecular methods. To address this issue, a total of three hundred samples (200 meat samples from cattle and sheep carcasses (100 of each), 50 hand swabs, and 50 stool samples from abattoir workers) were obtained from slaughterhouses in Egypt provinces. In total, 19% S. aureus was isolated by standard culture techniques, and the antibiotic resistance was confirmed genotypically by amplification nucA gen. Characteristic resistance genes were identified by PCR with incidence of 31.5%, 19.3%, 8.7%, and 7% for the mecA, VanA, ermA, and tet L genes, respectively, while the aac6-aph gene was not found in any of the isolates. In this study, the virulence genes responsible for S. aureus' resistance to antibiotics had the highest potential for infection or disease transmission to animal carcasses, slaughterhouse workers, and meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan A. Zaher
- Food Hygiene and Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Shimaa El Baz
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Abdulaziz S. Alothaim
- Department of Biology, College of Science in Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman A. Alsalamah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Ibrahim Alghonaim
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S. Alawam
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafa M. Eraqi
- Department of Biology, College of Science in Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-565709849
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Vargas ELG, Almeida FAD, de Freitas LL, Pinto UM, Vanetti MCD. Furanone and phytol influence metabolic phenotypes regulated by acyl-homoserine lactone in Salmonella. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:2133-2144. [PMID: 35947344 PMCID: PMC9679073 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00809-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is an important foodborne pathogen, and it is unable to produce the quorum sensing signaling molecules called acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs). However, it synthesizes the SdiA protein, detecting AHL molecules, also known as autoinducer-1 (AI-1), in the external environment. Exogenous AHLs can regulate specific genes related to virulence and stress response in Salmonella. Thus, interfering with quorum sensing can be a strategy to reduce virulence and help elucidate the cell-to-cell communication role in the pathogens' response to extracellular signals. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the quorum sensing inhibitors furanone and phytol on phenotypes regulated by N-dodecanoyl homoserine lactone (C12-HSL) in Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. The furanone C30 at 50 nM and phytol at 2 mM canceled the alterations promoted by C12-HSL on glucose consumption and the levels of free cellular thiol in Salmonella Enteritidis PT4 578 under anaerobic conditions. In silico analysis suggests that these compounds can bind to the SdiA protein of Salmonella Enteritidis and accommodate in the AHL binding pocket. Thus, furanone C30 and phytol act as antagonists of AI-1 and are likely inhibitors of the quorum sensing mechanism mediated by AHL in Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felipe Alves de Almeida
- Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Governador Valadares, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Uelinton Manoel Pinto
- Food Research Center, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Mechesso AF, Na SH, Moon DC, Kim SJ, Choi JH, Song HJ, Yoon SS, Lim SK. Antibiotic Resistance Profiles and Molecular Characteristics of blaCTX-M-15-Carrying Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis Isolates from Healthy and Diseased Chickens in Korea. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2022; 19:663-674. [PMID: 36125409 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2022.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis has emerged as a public health concern. The main objectives of this study were therefore to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Salmonella Enteritidis and to investigate the molecular characteristics of identified ESBL-producing isolates. In the study, 237 Salmonella Enteritidis isolates (232 isolates from chickens, 4 from cattle, and 1 from a pig) were recovered from carcasses and fecal samples of healthy and diseased food animals between 2010 and 2017. Ceftiofur resistance was noted only in chicken isolates (43%, 102/237), with the highest in healthy chickens and their carcasses (48.3%, 83/172) compared with that in diseased chickens (31.7%, 19/60). All of the ceftiofur-resistant isolates exhibited resistance to multiple antimicrobials. Indeed, a relatively higher percentage of ceftiofur-resistant isolates demonstrated resistance to the tested aminoglycosides and tetracycline compared with the ceftiofur-susceptible strains. In this study, blaCTX-M-15 was the only ESBL gene detected in all of the ceftiofur-resistant isolates. The blaCTX-M-15-carrying isolates belonged to 11 different pulsotypes. The blaCTX-M-15 gene was transferred from 20.6% (21/102) of the blaCTX-M-15-harboring isolates to a recipient Escherichia coli J53. The coexistence of IncHI2/ST2 and IncFIIs/ST1 plasmids was noted in the majority (81.8%, 18/22) of the transconjugants. E. coli J53 transconjugants carrying blaCTX-M-15 gene showed distinct genetic environments, predominantly ISEcp1-blaCTX-M-15-orf477 (15/21, 71.4%). This study demonstrated that healthy chickens and their carcasses act as reservoirs of blaCTX-M-15-carrying Salmonella Enteritidis that can potentially be transmitted to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Fikru Mechesso
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Seok-Hyeon Na
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Chan Moon
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jeong Kim
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Choi
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Song
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Seek Yoon
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Kyung Lim
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
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Molecular Characterization of Quinolone Resistance Determinants in Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Strains Isolated in Tehran, Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm-120766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Quinolone resistant Salmonella serotypes have been reported in recent years and have become increasingly widespread worldwide. Objectives: We evaluated the molecular mechanism of quinolone resistance in non-typhoidal Salmonella strains isolated from clinical samples in Tehran, Iran. Methods: The present study included the Salmonella isolates originated from hospitalized individuals and outpatients in Tehran, Iran. Serotyping of nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella isolates was done by slide agglutination method. Then, the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of topoisomerase gene gyrA and the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinants were detected using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was also employed to determine the possible mutation in the gyrA gene of those strains. Mutant strains were detected by enzymatic digestion, and their PCR products were sequenced immediately. Results: Amongst 141 isolates, 60% showed nalidixic acid resistance, whereas none of them were ciprofloxacin-resistant. The commonly prevalent serotypes were S. Enteritidis and S. Infantis. Of 85 nalidixic acid-resistant strains, 17 (20%) isolates harbored the qnrS gene. However, PCR analysis of the quinolone-resistant strains did not detect qnrA and qnrB genes. PCR-RFLP and sequencing analysis of the QRDRs of the gyrA gene indicated that 16 (18.8%) isolates had mutant patterns, and the most common point mutation was serine to phenylalanine at position 83. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that point mutations in gyrA and the existence of plasmid-mediated gene qnrS were important mechanisms of quinolone resistance in non-typhoidal Salmonella strains isolated from human origin. Other alternative mechanisms of resistance, such as alterations in the expression of efflux pumps, should be studied to provide greater insight into the molecular mechanism of quinolone-resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates.
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Non-typhoidal Salmonella infections across India: emergence of a neglected group of enteric pathogens. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2022; 17:747-754. [PMID: 36050954 PMCID: PMC9396057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2022.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Non-typhoidal Salmonellae (NTS) are a neglected group of enteric pathogens whose prevalence is increasing at alarming rates across India. The disease burden is being underestimated because of a lack of effective surveillance of NTS infections in the Indian population. This study depicts the acquisition of NTS infection, and its persistence and spread through a diverse range of hosts, including humans and animals, and food and environmental sources. Methods During the study period from 2016 to 2018, a total of 999 suspected NTS isolates were received from across India and were phenotypically and serologically characterized for the presence of NTS. Results Of the 999 isolates, 539 (53.95%) were confirmed as NTS, consisting of 17 different NTS serovars. The majority were isolated from human samples (n = 319, 59.18%), followed by food products (n = 99, 18.37%), animals (n = 83, 15.4%) and the environment (n = 38, 7.05%). Some predominant serovars obtained included S. Typhimurium (n = 167, 30.98%), S. Lindenberg (n = 135, 25.05%), S. Enteritidis (n = 56, 10.39%), S. Weltevreden (n = 44, 8.16%), S. Choleraesuis (n = 41, 7.61%) and S. Mathura (n = 33, 6.12%). Conclusion This study depicts the NTS disease burden across India, on the basis of the isolation of NTS serovars across diverse geographic locations. The emergence of newer or less common NTS serovars implicated in human infection poses a potential challenge to the healthcare system in India. Therefore, national and regional level surveillance is needed to implement effective control strategies and safeguard community health in India.
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Occurrence, serovars and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella spp. in retail ready-to-eat food products in some Chinese provinces. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Yong Y, Zhou Y, Liu K, Liu G, Wu L, Fang B. Exogenous Citrulline and Glutamine Contribute to Reverse the Resistance of Salmonella to Apramycin. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:759170. [PMID: 34721368 PMCID: PMC8552007 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.759170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is an increasing concern for human and animal health worldwide. Recently, the concept of reverting bacterial resistance by changing the metabolic state of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has emerged. In this study, we investigated the reversal of Apramycin resistance in Salmonella. First, non-targeted metabonomics were used to identify key differential metabolites of drug-resistant bacteria. Then, the reversal effect of exogenous substances was verified in vivo and in vitro. Finally, the underlying mechanism was studied. The results showed that the metabolites citrulline and glutamine were significantly reduced in Apramycin-resistant Salmonella. When citrulline and glutamine were added to the culture medium of drug-resistant Salmonella, the killing effect of Apramycin was restored markedly. Mechanistic studies showed that citrulline and glutamine promoted the Tricarboxylic acid cycle, produced more NADH in the bacteria, and increased the proton-motive force, thus promoting Apramycin entry into the bacterial cells, and killing the drug-resistant bacteria. This study provides a useful method to manage infections by antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yong
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guochang Liu
- Guangdong Wens Dahuanong Biotechnology Limited Company, YunFu, China
| | - Liqin Wu
- Center for Agricultural Product Quality and Safety of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Binghu Fang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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NOVİANY N, SİALDİAN D, SETİAWAN A, IRAWAN B, NURUL AZMİ M, HADI S. Bioassay-Guided Separation Approach for Characterization of New Antibacterial Fractions from the Stem Roots Extracts of Archidendron jiringa. JOURNAL OF THE TURKISH CHEMICAL SOCIETY, SECTION A: CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.831054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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14
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Zeng X, Lv S, Qu C, Lan L, Tan D, Li X, Bai L. Serotypes, antibiotic resistance, and molecular characterization of non-typhoidal salmonella isolated from diarrheic patients in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, 2014–2017. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Gao P, Mohd Noor NQI, Md Shaarani S. Current status of food safety hazards and health risks connected with aquatic food products from Southeast Asian region. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:3471-3489. [PMID: 33356490 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1866490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Food safety issues associated with aquatic food products become more important with the increasing consumption and followed by its ongoing challenges. The objective of this paper is to review the food safety hazards and health risks related to aquatic food products for the Southeast Asian region. These hazards can be categorized as microplastics (MPs) hazard, biological hazards (pathogenic bacteria, biogenic amines, viruses, parasites), and chemical hazards (antimicrobial, formaldehyde, heavy metal). In different Southeast Asian countries, the potential health risks of aquatic food products brought by food hazards to consumers were at different intensity and classes. Among all these hazards, pathogenic bacteria, antimicrobials, and heavy metal were a particular concern in the Southeast Asian region. With environmental changes, evolving consumption patterns, and the globalization of trade, new food safety challenges are created, which put forward higher requirements on food technologies, food safety regulations, and international cooperation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiru Gao
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | | | - Sharifudin Md Shaarani
- Food Biotechnology Programme, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
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16
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Significant increase in the secretion of extracellular vesicles and antibiotics resistance from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus induced by ampicillin stress. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21066. [PMID: 33273518 PMCID: PMC7713300 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78121-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing specific cargo molecules from the cell of origin are naturally secreted from bacteria. EVs play significant roles in protecting the bacterium, which can contribute to their survival in the presence of antibiotics. Herein, we isolated EVs from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in an environment with or without stressor by adding ampicillin at a lower concentration than the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). We investigated whether EVs from MRSA under stress condition or normal condition could defend susceptible bacteria in the presence of several β-lactam antibiotics, and directly degrade the antibiotics. A comparative proteomic approach was carried out in both types of EVs to investigate β-lactam resistant determinants. The secretion of EVs from MRSA under antibiotic stressed conditions was increased by 22.4-fold compared with that of EVs without stress. Proteins related to the degradation of β-lactam antibiotics were abundant in EVs released from the stressed condition. Taken together, the present data reveal that EVs from MRSA play a crucial role in the survival of β-lactam susceptible bacteria by acting as the first line of defense against β-lactam antibiotics, and antibiotic stress leads to release EVs with high defense activity.
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Anal AK, Perpetuini G, Petchkongkaew A, Tan R, Avallone S, Tofalo R, Nguyen HV, Chu-Ky S, Ho PH, Phan TT, Waché Y. Food safety risks in traditional fermented food from South-East Asia. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Robertson G, Perry M, Vinh PV, Ngoc DTT, Thanh TPT, My PT, Thao HD, Rabaa M, Baker S, Woolhouse M. Pig Exposure and Health Outcomes in Hospitalized Infectious Disease Patients in Vietnam. ECOHEALTH 2020; 17:28-40. [PMID: 31845120 PMCID: PMC7109191 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-019-01460-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Many infectious diseases have a zoonotic origin, and several have had major public health implications. Contact with animals is a known risk factor for zoonotic infections, although there are limited data on disease symptoms and pathogens associated with contact with different animal species. The rise in pig production in Southeast Asia has contributed to the emergence and re-emergence of zoonotic infections caused by contact with pigs and pig products. To compare the symptom and pathogen profiles of hospitalized patients with and without pig contact, we collected data on disease symptoms, infecting pathogens, and animal contact behaviour from patients attending six hospitals across Vietnam between 2012 and 2016. Patients who had previous contact with pigs were more likely to have enteric disease than respiratory or central nervous system infections and were more likely to grow Escherichia coli and Shigella from stool culture than those without pig contact. Patients with enteric infections who kept pigs were also more likely to have a disease of unknown origin. Public health initiatives that account for differences in animal contact behaviours and offer more comprehensive diagnostics in high-risk individuals are needed if emergence and re-emergence of zoonotic disease is to be monitored and prevented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail Robertson
- School of Mathematics, James Clerk Maxwell Building, King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Meghan Perry
- Epidemiology Research Group, King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Phat Voong Vinh
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Dung Tran Thi Ngoc
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tam Pham Thi Thanh
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Phuc Tran My
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Huong Dang Thao
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Maia Rabaa
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen Baker
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Mark Woolhouse
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Ashworth Laboratories, King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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19
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Antunes P, Novais C, Peixe L. Food-to-Humans Bacterial Transmission. Microbiol Spectr 2020; 8:10.1128/microbiolspec.mtbp-0019-2016. [PMID: 31950894 PMCID: PMC10810214 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.mtbp-0019-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms vehiculated by food might benefit health, cause minimal change within the equilibrium of the host microbial community or be associated with foodborne diseases. In this chapter we will focus on human pathogenic bacteria for which food is conclusively demonstrated as their transmission mode to human. We will describe the impact of foodborne diseases in public health, the reservoirs of foodborne pathogens (the environment, human and animals), the main bacterial pathogens and food vehicles causing human diseases, and the drivers for the transmission of foodborne diseases related to the food-chain, host or bacteria features. The implication of food-chain (foodborne pathogens and commensals) in the transmission of resistance to antibiotics relevant to the treatment of human infections is also evidenced. The multiplicity and interplay of drivers related to intensification, diversification and globalization of food production, consumer health status, preferences, lifestyles or behaviors, and bacteria adaptation to different challenges (stress tolerance and antimicrobial resistance) from farm to human, make the prevention of bacteria-food-human transmission a modern and continuous challenge. A global One Health approach is mandatory to better understand and minimize the transmission pathways of human pathogens, including multidrug-resistant pathogens and commensals, through food-chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Antunes
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Novais
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luísa Peixe
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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20
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Yang X, Wu Q, Zhang J, Huang J, Chen L, Wu S, Zeng H, Wang J, Chen M, Wu H, Gu Q, Wei X. Prevalence, Bacterial Load, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella Serovars Isolated From Retail Meat and Meat Products in China. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2121. [PMID: 31608021 PMCID: PMC6771270 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella remains the leading cause of reported bacterial foodborne disease in China. Meat products are recognized as one of the major sources of human salmonellosis; however, there is a lack of comprehensive, quantitative data concerning Salmonella contamination of these foods. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence, bacterial load, and antimicrobial resistance profiles of various Salmonella serovars in retail meat across the whole of China. Between July 2011 and June 2016, a total of 807 retail meat samples were collected, covering most provincial capitals in China. Overall, 159 (19.7%) samples tested positive for Salmonella. The highest contamination rate occurred in pork (37.3%, n = 287), followed by beef (16.1%, n = 161), mutton (10.9%, n = 92), dumplings (6.6%, n = 212), and smoked pork (3.6%, n = 55). Most probable number (MPN) analysis revealed that contamination was mainly in the range of 0.3–10 MPN/g among those samples testing positive using this method (n = 83), with eight samples exceeding 110 MPN/g. Among the 456 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolates obtained in this study, 29 serovars and 33 multilocus sequence typing patterns were identified, with S. Derby, S. Typhimurium, S. London, S. Rissen, S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-, S. Weltevreden, and S. Enteritidis being the most prevalent. Among the 218 non-duplicate isolates, 181 (83.0%) were resistant to at least one class of antimicrobials and 128 (58.7%) were resistant to at least three classes. High rates of resistance were observed for tetracycline (65.6%), ampicillin (45.4%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (40.8%), streptomycin (40.4%), and nalidixic acid (35.8%), with the seven most prevalent serovars, except S. Weltevreden, showing higher rates of resistance and multidrug resistance compared with the less dominant serovars. Of note, all S. Indiana isolates exhibited resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (including ceftriaxone and cefepime), ciprofloxacin, and multiple other classes of antibiotics. Further, two S. 1,4,[5],12:i:- isolates showed resistance to imipenem. This study provides systematic and comprehensive data on the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of various Salmonella serovars isolated from meat products in China, indicating their potential risk to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Yang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Microbiology Guangdong Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology Guangdong Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology Guangdong Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Huang
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology Guangdong Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology Guangdong Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi Wu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology Guangdong Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Zeng
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology Guangdong Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Moutong Chen
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology Guangdong Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoming Wu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology Guangdong Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qihui Gu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology Guangdong Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianhu Wei
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology Guangdong Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Van TTH, Yidana Z, Smooker PM, Coloe PJ. Antibiotic use in food animals worldwide, with a focus on Africa: Pluses and minuses. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2019; 20:170-177. [PMID: 31401170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2019.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are frequently used in food animal production in developing countries to promote the well-being and growth of animals. This practice provides some economic benefits to producers and consumers at large. Nevertheless, this practice is also associated with a number of concerns. A major concern has been that repeatedly exposing these animals to small doses of antibiotics contributes significantly to antimicrobial resistance, since a good fraction of the antibiotics used are the same or surrogates of antibiotics used in human therapeutic practices. Studies over decades have shown an explicit relationship between antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance in veterinary science. Many antibiotics can be purchased over the counter in African countries, and antibiotic resistance is an important issue to address in this region. This review examines some of the risks and benefits associated with antibiotic use in food animals. We conclude that the use of antibiotics in food animal production constitutes a major contributing factor to the current antimicrobial resistance crisis and that antibiotics should only be used for the treatment of sick animals based on prior diagnosis of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thu Hao Van
- Biosciences & Food Technology Discipline, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zuwera Yidana
- Biosciences & Food Technology Discipline, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Kintampo Health Research Centre, Kintampo, Ghana
| | - Peter M Smooker
- Biosciences & Food Technology Discipline, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Peter J Coloe
- College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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22
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Sharma J, Kumar D, Hussain S, Pathak A, Shukla M, Prasanna Kumar V, Anisha P, Rautela R, Upadhyay A, Singh S. Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes characterization of nontyphoidal Salmonella isolated from retail chicken meat shops in Northern India. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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23
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Harb A, O'Dea M, Abraham S, Habib I. Childhood Diarrhoea in the Eastern Mediterranean Region with Special Emphasis on Non-Typhoidal Salmonella at the Human⁻Food Interface. Pathogens 2019; 8:E60. [PMID: 31064086 PMCID: PMC6631750 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8020060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diarrhoeal disease is still one of the most challenging issues for health in many countries across the Eastern Mediterranean region (EMR), with infectious diarrhoea being an important cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in children under five years of age. However, the understanding of the aetiological spectrum and the burden of enteric pathogens involved in diarrhoeal disease in the EMR is incomplete. Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS), the focus of this review, is one of the most frequently reported bacterial aetiologies in diarrhoeal disease in the EMR. Strains of NTS with resistance to antimicrobial drugs are increasingly reported in both developed and developing countries. In the EMR, it is now widely accepted that many such resistant strains are zoonotic in origin and acquire their resistance in the food-animal host before onward transmission to humans through the food chain. Here, we review epidemiological and microbiological aspects of diarrhoeal diseases among children in the EMR, with emphasis on the implication and burden of NTS. We collate evidence from studies across the EMR on the zoonotic exposure and antimicrobial resistance in NTS at the interface between human and foods of animal origin. This review adds to our understanding of the global epidemiology of Salmonella with emphasis on the current situation in the EMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Harb
- College of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia.
- Thi-Qar Public Health Division, Ministry of Health, Thi-Qar 64007, Iraq.
| | - Mark O'Dea
- College of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia. m.o'
| | - Sam Abraham
- College of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia.
| | - Ihab Habib
- College of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia.
- High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21516, Egypt.
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24
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von Hertwig AM, Amorim Neto DP, de Almeida EA, Casas MRT, Nascimento MDSD. Genetic diversity, antimicrobial resistance and virulence profile of Salmonella isolated from the peanut supply chain. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 294:50-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Delgado-Suárez EJ, Ortíz-López R, Gebreyes WA, Allard MW, Barona-Gómez F, Rubio-Lozano MS. Genomic surveillance links livestock production with the emergence and spread of multi-drug resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella in Mexico. J Microbiol 2019; 57:271-280. [PMID: 30721457 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-019-8421-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Multi-drug resistant (MDR) non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is increasingly common worldwide. While food animals are thought to contribute to the growing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) problem, limited data is documenting this relationship, especially in low and middle-income countries (LMIC). Herein, we aimed to assess the role of non-clinical NTS of bovine origin as reservoirs of AMR genes of human clinical significance. We evaluated the phenotypic and genotypic AMR profiles in a set of 44 bovine-associated NTS. For comparative purposes, we also included genotypic AMR data of additional isolates from Mexico (n = 1,067) that are publicly available. The most frequent AMR phenotypes in our isolates involved tetracycline (40/44), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (26/44), chloramphenicol (19/44), ampicillin (18/44), streptomycin (16/44), and carbenicillin (13/44), while nearly 70% of the strains were MDR. These phenotypes were correlated with a widespread distribution of AMR genes (i.e. tetA, aadA, dfrA12, dfrA17, sul1, sul2, bla-TEM-1, blaCARB-2) against multiple antibiotic classes, with some of them contributed by plasmids and/or class-1 integrons. We observed different AMR genotypes for betalactams and tetracycline resistance, providing evidence of convergent evolution and adaptive AMR. The probability of MDR genotype occurrence was higher in meat-associated isolates than in those from other sources (odds ratio 11.2, 95% confidence interval 4.5-27.9, P < 0.0001). The study shows that beef cattle are a significant source of MDR NTS in Mexico, highlighting the role of animal production on the emergence and spread of MDR Salmonella in LMIC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rocío Ortíz-López
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monterrey, Mexico
| | | | - Marc W Allard
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Francisco Barona-Gómez
- Evolution of Metabolic Diversity Laboratory, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (Langebio), Cinvestav-IPN, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - María Salud Rubio-Lozano
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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26
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Jaja IF, Bhembe NL, Green E, Oguttu J, Muchenje V. Molecular characterisation of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella enterica isolates recovered from meat in South Africa. Acta Trop 2019; 190:129-136. [PMID: 30408462 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is a leading cause of human gastroenteritis in both developed and developing countries, causing significant economic losses on humans and animals worldwide. There are several routes for contracting salmonellosis, but the consumption of contaminated foods is by far the most frequent cause of human infections. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and resistance determinants of S. enterica isolates obtained from meat. Swab samples from meat were cultured for the identification of Salmonella spp., and 239 presumptive S. enterica isolates were recovered, purified and kept in glycerol stocks. The S. enterica. confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were further tested against 15 antimicrobials using the disc-diffusion method on Muller-Hinton agar and the genotypic antimicrobial resistance determinants by PCR. Resistance among tetracyclines, bêta-lactams, and 3rd generation cephalosporins was found to be most frequent with a noticeable rise in the number of multi-drug resistance ranging from two to seven antimicrobials. A total of 20 resistance determinants were assessed with their prevalence and distributions obtained as follows; [aminoglycosides: aadA (89%), aacC2 (100%), aphA1 (38%), aphA2 (0%) and strA (7%)], [β-lactams: (ampC 100%), blaTEM, (33%), blaZ (17%) and blaOXA (10%)], [Chloramphenicol: catI (9%), catII (7%), and cmIA1 (10%)] and [tetracyclines: tetA (57%), tetB (30%), tetC (11%), tetD (73%), tetK (20%) and tetM, (43%)], and [sulfonamides: sulI (82%), sulII (7%)]. The findings signify a high prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. enterica isolates and resistance determinants indicating increased public health risks associated with the consumption of contaminated meat.
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27
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Campos J, Mourão J, Peixe L, Antunes P. Non-typhoidal Salmonella in the Pig Production Chain: A Comprehensive Analysis of Its Impact on Human Health. Pathogens 2019; 8:E19. [PMID: 30700039 PMCID: PMC6470815 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonellosis remains one of the most frequent foodborne zoonosis, constituting a worldwide major public health concern. The most frequent sources of human infections are food products of animal origin, being pork meat one of the most relevant. Currently, particular pig food production well-adapted and persistent Salmonella enterica serotypes (e.g., Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella 1,4,[5],12:i:-, Salmonella Derby and Salmonella Rissen) are frequently reported associated with human infections in diverse industrialized countries. The dissemination of those clinically-relevant Salmonella serotypes/clones has been related to the intensification of pig production chain and to an increase in the international trade of pigs and pork meat. Those changes that occurred over the years along the food chain may act as food chain drivers leading to new problems and challenges, compromising the successful control of Salmonella. Among those, the emergence of antibiotic resistance in non-typhoidal Salmonella associated with antimicrobials use in the pig production chain is of special concern for public health. The transmission of pig-related multidrug-resistant Salmonella serotypes, clones and/or genetic elements carrying clinically-relevant antibiotic resistance genes, frequently associated with metal tolerance genes, from pigs and pork meat to humans, has been reported and highlights the contribution of different drivers to the antibiotic resistance burden. Gathered data strengthen the need for global mandatory interventions and strategies for effective Salmonella control and surveillance across the pig production chain. The purpose of this review was to provide an overview of the role of pig and pork meat in human salmonellosis at a global scale, highlighting the main factors contributing to the persistence and dissemination of clinically-relevant pig-related Salmonella serotypes and clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Campos
- UCIBIO@REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Joana Mourão
- UCIBIO@REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Luísa Peixe
- UCIBIO@REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia Antunes
- UCIBIO@REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nº 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200 Porto, Portugal.
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28
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Sripaurya B, Ngasaman R, Benjakul S, Vongkamjan K. Virulence genes and antibiotic resistance of
Salmonella
recovered from a wet market in Thailand. J Food Saf 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bussara Sripaurya
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agro‐IndustryPrince of Songkla University Hat Yai Thailand
| | | | - Soottawat Benjakul
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agro‐IndustryPrince of Songkla University Hat Yai Thailand
| | - Kitiya Vongkamjan
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agro‐IndustryPrince of Songkla University Hat Yai Thailand
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Gad AH, Abo-Shama UH, Harclerode KK, Fakhr MK. Prevalence, Serotyping, Molecular Typing, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella Isolated From Conventional and Organic Retail Ground Poultry. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2653. [PMID: 30455678 PMCID: PMC6230656 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ground poultry is marketed as a healthier alternative to ground beef despite the fact that poultry is a major source of foodborne Salmonella. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of Salmonella in Oklahoma retail ground poultry and to characterize representative isolates by serotyping, antimicrobial resistance, PFGE patterns, and large plasmid profiling. A total of 199 retail ground poultry samples (150 ground turkey and 49 ground chicken) were investigated. The overall prevalence of Salmonella in ground poultry was 41% (82/199), and the incidence in conventional samples (47%, 66/141) was higher than in organic samples (27%, 16/58). The prevalence of Salmonella in organic ground chicken and organic ground turkey was 33% (3/9) and 26% (13/49), respectively. Twenty six Salmonella isolates (19 conventional and 7 organic) were chosen for further characterization. The following six serotypes and number of isolates per serotype were identified as follows: Tennessee, 8; Saintpaul, 4; Senftenberg, 4; Anatum, 4 (one was Anatum_var._15+); Ouakam, 3; and Enteritidis, 3. Resistance to 16 tested antimicrobials was as follows: gentamycin, 100% (26/26); ceftiofur, 100% (26/26); amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, 96% (25/26); streptomycin, 92% (24/26); kanamycin, 88% (23/26); ampicillin, 85% (22/26); cephalothin, 81% (21/26); tetracycline, 35% (9/26); sulfisoxazole, 27% (7/26); nalidixic acid, 15% (4/26); and cefoxitin, 15% (4/26). All isolates were susceptible to amikacin, chloramphenicol, ceftriaxone, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. All screened isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR) and showed resistance to 4-10 antimicrobials; isolates from organic sources showed resistance to 5-7 antimicrobials. PFGE was successful in clustering the Salmonella isolates into distinct clusters that each represented one serotype. PFGE was also used to investigate the presence of large plasmids using S1 nuclease digestion. A total of 8/26 (31%) Salmonella isolates contained a ∼100 Kb plasmid that was present in all Anatum and Ouakam isolates. In conclusion, the presence of multidrug resistant Salmonella with various serotypes, PFGE profiles, and large plasmids in ground poultry stresses the importance of seeking novel interventions to reduce the risk of this foodborne pathogen. Multidrug resistance (MDR) is considered a high additional risk and continued surveillance at the retail level could minimize the risk for the consumer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H. Gad
- Department of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Usama H. Abo-Shama
- Department of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed K. Fakhr
- Department of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
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Wilson HL, Kennedy KJ, Moffatt CRM. Epidemiology of non-typhoid Salmonella infection in the Australian Capital Territory over a 10-year period. Intern Med J 2018; 48:316-323. [PMID: 28967169 DOI: 10.1111/imj.13625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To describe the epidemiology of non-typhoid Salmonella (NTS) infection in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), including factors associated with hospitalisation. METHODS This was a retrospective descriptive and observational study of culture-confirmed NTS infections using data collected from ACT public health, public pathology and hospital services in the period 2003-2012. Outcome measures include incidence and NTS serotype for total reported and hospitalised cases and focus of infection, complications and antibiotic susceptibility for hospitalised cases. RESULTS In total, 1469 cases of NTS infection were reported, with the crude annual incidence increasing from 24.4 to 61.3 cases per 100 000 population; 14% were hospitalised, representing an incidence of 5.9 hospitalisations per 100 000 population, without significant change over time. Hospitalisation incidence peaked at the extremes of age. Comorbid disease and age ≥ 80 years were associated with complications during hospitalisation. Salmonella serotype Typhimurium was the most common serotype, accounting for 64% of NTS. Independent risk factors for invasive disease included non-S. Typhimurium serotype (aRR 5.46, 95%CI 1.69-17.65 P = 0.005), ischaemic heart disease (aRR 4.18, 95%CI 1.20-14.60 P = 0.025) and haematological malignancy (aRR 6.93, 95%CI 2.54-18.94 P < 0.001). Among hospitalised patients, resistance to ampicillin, ceftriaxone, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and quinolones was 9.9%, 0%, 4.4% and 2.5% respectively. CONCLUSIONS NTS notifications in the ACT have increased over time, with outbreaks of food-borne disease contributing to this increase. Crude age-specific incidence is highest in the very young, while rates of hospitalisation are highest in the elderly. Comorbid disease and infection with a non-S. Typhimurium serotype were associated with complicated NTS disease course. Antimicrobial resistance in NTS is low and has not increased over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Wilson
- Canberra Hospital and Health Services, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Karina J Kennedy
- Canberra Hospital and Health Services, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Cameron R M Moffatt
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,OzFoodNet, Health Protection Service, ACT Government Health Directorate, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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31
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Abatcha MG, Effarizah ME, Rusul G. Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, resistance genes and class 1 integrons of Salmonella serovars in leafy vegetables, chicken carcasses and related processing environments in Malaysian fresh food markets. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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32
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Al kraiem AA, Yang G, Al kraiem F, Chen T. Challenges associated with ceftriaxone resistance inSalmonella. FRONTIERS IN LIFE SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/21553769.2018.1491427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Ahmad Al kraiem
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan People’s Republic of China
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Mounwwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan People’s Republic of China
| | - Fahd Al kraiem
- Pilgrims City Hospital, Ministry of Health, Al Madinah Al Mounwwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Tie Chen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
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Karp BE, Campbell D, Chen JC, Folster JP, Friedman CR. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in human non-typhoidal Salmonella infections: An emerging public health problem in the United States. Zoonoses Public Health 2018; 65:838-849. [PMID: 30027554 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Invasive Salmonella infections in adults are commonly treated with fluoroquinolones, a critically important antimicrobial class. Historically, quinolone resistance was the result of chromosomal mutations, but plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) has emerged and is increasingly being reported in Enterobacteriaceae worldwide. PMQR may facilitate the spread of quinolone resistance, lead to higher-level quinolone resistance, and make infections harder to treat. To better understand the epidemiology of PMQR in non-typhoidal Salmonella causing human infections in the United States, we looked at trends in quinolone resistance among isolates submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We reviewed demographic, exposure and outcome information for patients with isolates having a PMQR-associated phenotype during 2008-2014 and tested isolates for quinolone resistance mechanisms. We found that PMQR is emerging among non-typhoidal Salmonella causing human infections in the United States and that international travel, reptile and amphibian exposure, and food are likely sources of human infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth E Karp
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Davina Campbell
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | | | - Jason P Folster
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Cindy R Friedman
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Kidsley AK, Abraham S, Bell JM, O'Dea M, Laird TJ, Jordan D, Mitchell P, McDevitt CA, Trott DJ. Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. Isolates From Healthy Pigs in Australia: Results of a Pilot National Survey. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1207. [PMID: 30038598 PMCID: PMC6047343 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the frequency of antimicrobial non-susceptibility (defined as the frequency of isolates with minimum inhibitory concentrations above the CLSI susceptible clinical breakpoint) among E. coli and Salmonella spp. isolated from healthy Australian finisher pigs. E. coli (n = 201) and Salmonella spp. (n = 69) were isolated from cecal contents of slaughter-age pigs, originating from 19 farms distributed throughout Australia during July-December 2015. Isolates underwent minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) susceptibility testing to 11 antimicrobials. The highest frequencies of non-susceptibility among respective isolates of E. coli and Salmonella spp. were to ampicillin (60.2 and 20.3%), tetracycline (68.2 and 26.1%), chloramphenicol (47.8 and 7.3%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (33.8 and 11.6%). Four E. coli isolates had MICs above the wild-type epidemiological cut-off value for ciprofloxacin, with two isolates from the same farm classified as clinically resistant (MICs of > 4 μg/ml), a noteworthy finding given that fluoroquinolones (FQs) are not legally available for use in Australian food-producing animals. Three of these four E. coli isolates belonged to the sequence type (ST) 10, which has been isolated from both humans and production animals, whilst one isolate belonged to a new ST (7573) and possessed qnrS1. This study shows that non-susceptibility to first line antimicrobials is common among E. coli and Salmonella spp. isolates from healthy slaughter age pigs in Australia. However, very low levels of non-susceptibility to critically important antimicrobials (CIAs), namely third generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones were observed. Nevertheless, the isolation of two ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli isolates from Australian pigs demonstrates that even in the absence of local antimicrobial selection pressure, fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli clonal lineages may enter livestock production facilities despite strict biosecurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K. Kidsley
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sam Abraham
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jan M. Bell
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mark O'Dea
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Tanya J. Laird
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - David Jordan
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Wollongbar, NSW, Australia
| | - Pat Mitchell
- Australian Pork Limited, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Christopher A. McDevitt
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Darren J. Trott
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Velasco V, Vergara JL, Bonilla AM, Muñoz J, Mallea A, Vallejos D, Quezada-Aguiluz M, Campos J, Rojas-García P. Prevalence and Characterization ofStaphylococcus aureusStrains in the Pork Chain Supply in Chile. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2018; 15:262-268. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2017.2381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Velasco
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - José L. Vergara
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Ana M. Bonilla
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Javier Muñoz
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Alejandra Mallea
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Diego Vallejos
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Mario Quezada-Aguiluz
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents Research, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jorge Campos
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Pedro Rojas-García
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Concepción, Chillán, Chile
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36
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Ombarak RA, Hinenoya A, Elbagory ARM, Yamasaki S. Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolated from Raw Milk and Raw Milk Cheese in Egypt. J Food Prot 2018; 81:226-232. [PMID: 29323530 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to examine antimicrobial resistance and characterize the implicated genes in 222 isolates of Escherichia coli from 187 samples of raw milk and the two most popular cheeses in Egypt. E. coli isolates were tested for susceptibility to 12 antimicrobials by a disk diffusion method. Among the 222 E. coli isolates, 66 (29.7%) were resistant to one or more antimicrobials, and half of these resistant isolates showed a multidrug resistance phenotype (resistance to at least three different drug classes). The resistance traits were observed to tetracycline (27.5%), ampicillin (18.9%), streptomycin (18.5%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (11.3%), cefotaxime (4.5%), kanamycin (4.1%), ceftazidime (3.6%), chloramphenicol (2.3%), nalidixic acid (1.8%), and ciprofloxacin (1.4%). No resistance to fosfomycin and imipenem was observed. Tetracycline resistance genes tetA, tetB, and tetD were detected in 53 isolates, 9 isolates, and 1 isolate, respectively, but tetC was not detected. Aminoglycoside resistance genes strA, strB, aadA, and aphA1 were detected in 41, 41, 11, and 9 isolates, respectively. Sulfonamide resistance genes sul1, sul2, and sul3 were detected in 7, 25, and 3 isolates, respectively. Of 42 ampicillin-resistant isolates, blaTEM, blaCTX-M, and blaSHV were detected in 40, 9, and 3 isolates, respectively, and 10 (23.8%) ampicillin-resistant isolates were found to produce extended-spectrum β-lactamase. Each bla gene of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing E. coli was further subtyped to be blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-104, blaTEM-1, and blaSHV-12. The class 1 integron was also detected in 28 resistant isolates, and three different patterns were obtained by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Sequencing analysis of the variable region revealed that four isolates had dfrA12/orfF/aadA2, two had aadA22, and one had dfrA1/aadA1. These data suggest that antimicrobial-resistant E. coli are widely distributed in the milk production and processing environment in Egypt and may play a role in dissemination of antimicrobial resistance to other pathogenic and commensal bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabee A Ombarak
- 1 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt.,2 Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hinenoya
- 2 Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | | | - Shinji Yamasaki
- 2 Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
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Integrons in Enterobacteriaceae: diversity, distribution and epidemiology. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2017; 51:167-176. [PMID: 29038087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Integrons are versatile gene acquisition systems that allow efficient capturing of exogenous genes and ensure their expression. Various classes of integrons possessing a wide variety of gene cassettes are ubiquitously distributed in enteric bacteria worldwide. The epidemiology of integrons associated multidrug resistance in Enterobacteriaceae is rapidly evolving. In the past two decades, the incidence of integrons in enteric bacteria has increased drastically with evolution of multiple gene cassettes, novel gene arrangements and complex chromosomal integrons such as Salmonella genomic islands. This review focuses on the distribution, versatility, spread and global trends of integrons among important members of the Enterobacteriaceae, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Shigella and Salmonella, which are known to cause infections globally. Such a comprehensive understanding of integron-associated antibiotic resistance, their role in the spread of such resistance traits and their clinical relevance especially with regard to each genus individually is paramount to contain the global spread of antibiotic resistance.
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38
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Nhung NT, Chansiripornchai N, Carrique-Mas JJ. Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacterial Poultry Pathogens: A Review. Front Vet Sci 2017; 4:126. [PMID: 28848739 PMCID: PMC5554362 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health threat, and antimicrobial usage and AMR in animal production is one of its contributing sources. Poultry is one of the most widespread types of meat consumed worldwide. Poultry flocks are often raised under intensive conditions using large amounts of antimicrobials to prevent and to treat disease, as well as for growth promotion. Antimicrobial resistant poultry pathogens may result in treatment failure, leading to economic losses, but also be a source of resistant bacteria/genes (including zoonotic bacteria) that may represent a risk to human health. Here we reviewed data on AMR in 12 poultry pathogens, including avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), Salmonella Pullorum/Gallinarum, Pasteurella multocida, Avibacterium paragallinarum, Gallibacterium anatis, Ornitobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT), Bordetella avium, Clostridium perfringens, Mycoplasma spp., Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, and Riemerella anatipestifer. A number of studies have demonstrated increases in resistance over time for S. Pullorum/Gallinarum, M. gallisepticum, and G. anatis. Among Enterobacteriaceae, APEC isolates displayed considerably higher levels of AMR compared with S. Pullorum/Gallinarum, with prevalence of resistance over >80% for ampicillin, amoxicillin, tetracycline across studies. Among the Gram-negative, non-Enterobacteriaceae pathogens, ORT had the highest levels of phenotypic resistance with median levels of AMR against co-trimoxazole, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, amoxicillin, and ceftiofur all exceeding 50%. In contrast, levels of resistance among P. multocida isolates were less than 20% for all antimicrobials. The study highlights considerable disparities in methodologies, as well as in criteria for phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing and result interpretation. It is necessary to increase efforts to harmonize testing practices, and to promote free access to data on AMR in order to improve treatment guidelines as well as to monitor the evolution of AMR in poultry bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Nhung
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Juan J Carrique-Mas
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Vuthy Y, Lay KS, Seiha H, Kerleguer A, Aidara-Kane A. Antibiotic susceptibility and molecular characterization of resistance genes among Escherichia coli and among Salmonella subsp. in chicken food chains. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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40
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Vélez DC, Rodríguez V, García NV. Phenotypic and Genotypic Antibiotic Resistance of Salmonella from Chicken Carcasses Marketed at Ibague, Colombia. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2016-0405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - V Rodríguez
- University of Tolima, Colombia; University of Tolima, Colombia
| | - N Verjan García
- University of Tolima, Colombia; University of Tolima, Colombia
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Trongjit S, Angkititrakul S, Tuttle RE, Poungseree J, Padungtod P, Chuanchuen R. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica isolated from broiler chickens, pigs and meat products in Thailand-Cambodia border provinces. Microbiol Immunol 2017; 61:23-33. [PMID: 28042666 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of Salmonella isolates from broiler chickens, pigs and their associated meat products in the Thailand-Cambodia border provinces. A total of 941 samples were collected from pigs and broiler chickens at slaughter houses and from carcasses at local fresh markets in Sa Kaeo, Thailand (n = 554) and Banteay Meanchey, Cambodia (n = 387) in 2014 and 2015. From these samples, 345 Salmonella isolates were collected from Sa Keao (n = 145; 23%) and Banteay Meanchey (n = 200; 47%) and assayed for antimicrobial susceptibility, class 1 integrons and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes. Serovars Typhimurium (29%) and Rissen (29%) were the most common serotypes found in Thai and Cambodian isolates, respectively. Multidrug resistance was detected in 34% and 52% of isolates from Sa Keao and Banteay Meanchey, respectively. The majority of the Thai isolates were resistant to ampicillin (72.4%), whereas most Cambodian isolates were resistant to sulfamethoxazole (71%). Eleven isolates from Sa Keao and 44 from Banteay Meanchey carried class 1 integrons comprising resistance gene cassettes. The most common gene cassette array was dfrA12-aadA2 (61.1%). Six isolates were ESBL producers. The β-lactamase genes found included blaTEM-1 , blaCTX-M-55 and blaCMY-2 . Some of these class 1 integrons and ESBL genes were located on conjugative plasmid. In conclusion, multidrug-resistant Salmonella are common in pigs, chickens and their products in the Thailand-Cambodia border provinces. Our findings indicate that class 1 integrons play a role in spread of AMR in the strains in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suthathip Trongjit
- Research Unit in Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330
| | - Sunpetch Angkititrakul
- Research Group for Prevention Technology in Livestock, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Khan 40000 Thailand
| | - R Emerson Tuttle
- Division of Global Health Protection, Thailand Ministry of Public Health-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi 11000 Thailand
| | - Jiratchaya Poungseree
- Research Unit in Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330
| | - Pawin Padungtod
- Division of Global Health Protection, Thailand Ministry of Public Health-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi 11000 Thailand
| | - Rungtip Chuanchuen
- Research Unit in Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330
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Li M, Huang L, Yuan Q. Growth and survival of Salmonella Paratyphi A in roasted marinated chicken during refrigerated storage: Effect of temperature abuse and computer simulation for cold chain management. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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43
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RAJASHEKHARA DB, FAIROZE MDNADEEM, KARABASANAVAR NAGAPPA, MADHAVAPRASAD CB, SHILPA AG, KOTRESH AM, BAGALKOTE PRASHANTHS, NADOOR PRAKASH. Molecular detection and antibiogram of virulent Salmonellae isolated from chicken meat. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v87i2.67748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella has emerged as one of the most common and frequent pathogen associated with the food poisoning. In the present study, a total of 240 chicken meat samples were collected from retail markets of Shivamogga region; where, 13 samples were found positive for Salmonella species by genus specific PCR targeting invA virulent gene, giving an overall prevalence of 5.4%. Retail outlets (slaughter-cum-retailing units) that traditionally processed chicken meat showed higher prevalence of 7.5% (n=120); whereas, retail chicken meat originated from organized abattoirs showed prevalence of 3.3% (n=120). Among traditional retail outlets, those retail units processing multiple animal species showed higher prevalence (8.3%, n=60) of Salmonella spp. compared to those that processed chicken meat alone (6.6%, n=60). All the Salmonella species (n=13) isolated from the chicken meat possessed virulence (invA) gene indicating their potential pathogenic mechanisms and also showed varying degree of susceptibility against common antimicrobials (multiple antibiotic resistance index of 0.1176 to 0.3529). High prevalence rate of Salmonella spp. has important public health concern and underscores a need for intense surveillance and monitoring of retail chicken meat and implementation of food quality assurance systems across the chicken supply chain.
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Voss-Rech D, Potter L, Vaz CSL, Pereira DIB, Sangioni LA, Vargas ÁC, de Avila Botton S. Antimicrobial Resistance in Nontyphoidal Salmonella Isolated from Human and Poultry-Related Samples in Brazil: 20-Year Meta-Analysis. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2016; 14:116-124. [PMID: 27922763 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2016.2228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nontyphoidal Salmonella are one of the leading causes of foodborne diseases in the world. As poultry products are recognized as main sources of human salmonellosis, nontyphoidal Salmonella control has become a global issue for the poultry industry. The increasing antimicrobial resistance in poultry-related nontyphoidal Salmonella serovars is a global matter of concern. By monitoring the evolution of antimicrobial resistance, alternative treatments can be identified and possible restrictions in the treatment of systemic human salmonellosis foreseen. A meta-analysis was conducted to assess the profile and temporal evolution of the antimicrobial resistance of nontyphoidal Salmonella of poultry and human origin in Brazil, isolated in the period from 1995 to 2014. Four databases were researched; twenty-nine articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. In the nontyphoidal isolates of poultry origin, the highest levels of antimicrobial resistance were verified for sulfonamides (44.3%), nalidixic acid (42.5%), and tetracycline (35.5%). In the human-origin isolates, the resistance occurred mainly for sulfonamides (46.4%), tetracycline (36.9%), and ampicillin (23.6%). Twenty-two articles described results of antimicrobial resistance specifically for Salmonella Enteritidis, also enabling the individual meta-analysis of this serovar. For most antimicrobials, the resistance levels of Salmonella Enteritidis were lower than those found when considering all the nontyphoidal serovars. In the poultry-origin isolates, a quadratic temporal distribution was observed, with reduced resistance to streptomycin in Salmonella Enteritidis and in all nontyphoidal serovars, and a linear increase of resistance to nalidixic acid in Salmonella Enteritidis. In the human-origin isolates, a linear increase was identified in the resistance to nalidixic acid in Salmonella Enteritidis and in all the nontyphoidal isolates, and to gentamicin in Salmonella Enteritidis. Continuous monitoring of the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance could support the measurement of the consequences on poultry and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane Voss-Rech
- 1 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária (PPGMV), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) , Santa Maria, Brazil .,2 Laboratório de Sanidade e Genética Animal , Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concordia, Brazil
| | - Luciana Potter
- 3 Departamento de Zootecnia, CCR , UFSM, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Daniela Isabel Brayer Pereira
- 4 Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia (IB), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel) , Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Luís Antonio Sangioni
- 1 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária (PPGMV), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) , Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Águeda Castagna Vargas
- 1 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária (PPGMV), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) , Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Sônia de Avila Botton
- 1 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária (PPGMV), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) , Santa Maria, Brazil
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Nhung NT, Cuong NV, Thwaites G, Carrique-Mas J. Antimicrobial Usage and Antimicrobial Resistance in Animal Production in Southeast Asia: A Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2016; 5:E37. [PMID: 27827853 PMCID: PMC5187518 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics5040037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Southeast Asia is an area of great economic dynamism. In recent years, it has experienced a rapid rise in the levels of animal product production and consumption. The region is considered to be a hotspot for infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). We reviewed English-language peer-reviewed publications related to antimicrobial usage (AMU) and AMR in animal production, as well as antimicrobial residues in meat and fish from 2000 to 2016, in the region. There is a paucity of data from most countries and for most bacterial pathogens. Most of the published work relates to non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Campylobacter spp. (mainly from Vietnam and Thailand), Enterococcus spp. (Malaysia), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (Thailand). However, most studies used the disk diffusion method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; breakpoints were interpreted using Clinical Standard Laboratory Institute (CSLI) guidelines. Statistical models integrating data from publications on AMR in NTS and E. coli studies show a higher overall prevalence of AMR in pig isolates, and an increase in levels of AMR over the years. AMU studies (mostly from Vietnam) indicate very high usage levels of most types of antimicrobials, including beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides, and quinolones. This review summarizes information about genetic determinants of resistance, most of which are transferrable (mostly plasmids and integrons). The data in this review provide a benchmark to help focus research and policies on AMU and AMR in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen T Nhung
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Nguyen V Cuong
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Guy Thwaites
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
| | - Juan Carrique-Mas
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
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Bai L, Zhao J, Gan X, Wang J, Zhang X, Cui S, Xia S, Hu Y, Yan S, Wang J, Li F, Fanning S, Xu J. Emergence and Diversity of Salmonella enterica Serovar Indiana Isolates with Concurrent Resistance to Ciprofloxacin and Cefotaxime from Patients and Food-Producing Animals in China. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:3365-71. [PMID: 27001808 PMCID: PMC4879380 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02849-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonellosis is a major global foodborne infection, and strains that are resistant to a great variety of antibiotics have become a major public health concern. The aim of this study was to identify genes conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones and extended-spectrum β-lactams in nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) from patients and food-producing animals in China. In total, 133 and 21 NTS isolates from animals and humans, respectively, exhibiting concurrent resistance to ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime were cultured independently from 2009 to ∼2013. All of the isolates were identified, serotyped, and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Importantly, the isolates with concurrent resistance to ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime all were confirmed as S. enterica serovar Indiana. The presence of fluoroquinolone resistance genes and extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) was established by PCR and DNA sequencing. The occurrence and diversity of different genes conferring fluoroquinolone resistance [qepA, oqxAB, and aac(6')-Ib-cr] with mutations in topoisomerase-encoding genes (gyrA and parC) and several ESBLs (including CTX-M-65, CTX-M-27, CTX-M-15, CTX-M-14, and CTX-M-14/CTX-M-15) were noteworthy. Genes located on mobile genetic elements were identified by conjugation and transformation. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, used to determine the genetic relationships between these isolates, generated 91 pulsotypes from 133 chicken isolates and 17 pulsotypes from the 21 clinical isolates that showed considerable diversity. Analysis of the pulsotypes obtained with the isolates showed some clones appeared to have existed for several years and had been disseminating between humans and food-producing animals. This study highlights the emergence of ciprofloxacin- and cefotaxime-resistant S. enterica serovar Indiana, posing a threat to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Bai
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayong Zhao
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Henan Province, Henan, China
| | - Xin Gan
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Henan Province, Henan, China
| | - Shenghui Cui
- Department of Food Science, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Shengli Xia
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Henan Province, Henan, China
| | - Yujie Hu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Shaofei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Fengqin Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Séamus Fanning
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China UCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
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Frasson I, Bettanello S, De Canale E, Richter SN, Palù G. Serotype epidemiology and multidrug resistance patterns of Salmonella enterica infecting humans in Italy. Gut Pathog 2016; 8:26. [PMID: 27252785 PMCID: PMC4888612 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-016-0110-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonella enterica is the zoonotic agent most frequently responsible for foodborne infections in humans worldwide. In this work the presence of S. enterica was investigated in 734 unique enteropathogenic isolates collected from human patients between 2011 and 2012. RESULTS All Salmonella spp. isolates were subjected to serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Isolates displaying phenotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles different from the reference strains were genotipically characterized. Several plasmid-embedded resistance determinants were identified and characterized. Non-typhoidal serotypes were most frequently diagnosed; monophasic Salmonella typhimurium 1,4 [5],12:i- and S. typhimurium represented the most prevalent serovars. Five isolates displayed phenotypes with extremely reduced susceptibility to antimicrobials: we detected multidrug resistance elements belonging to Ambler class A and class C in two non-typhoidal S. enterica serovars, i.e. Rissen and monophasic S. typhimurium 1,4 [5],12:i-, and in one typhoidal serovar, i.e., Paratyphi B. These resistance determinants have been so far almost exclusively associated with non-Salmonella members of the Enterobacteriaceae family. Alarmingly, two colistin resistant Salmonella enteritidis were also found. CONCLUSIONS This work draws the attention to the still low, but rising, percentage of multidrug resistant Salmonella isolates infecting humans in Italy. Our results suggest that prompt monitoring of Salmonella serovar dissemination and resistance to antimicrobials is highly required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Frasson
- />Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, via Gabelli 63, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Sabrina Bettanello
- />Microbiology and Virology Unit, Padua Teaching Hospital, via Giustiniani 2, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Ettore De Canale
- />Microbiology and Virology Unit, Padua Teaching Hospital, via Giustiniani 2, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Sara N. Richter
- />Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, via Gabelli 63, 35121 Padua, Italy
- />Microbiology and Virology Unit, Padua Teaching Hospital, via Giustiniani 2, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Giorgio Palù
- />Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, via Gabelli 63, 35121 Padua, Italy
- />Microbiology and Virology Unit, Padua Teaching Hospital, via Giustiniani 2, 35121 Padua, Italy
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Yin M, Yang B, Wu Y, Wang L, Wu H, Zhang T, Tuohetaribayi G. Prevalence and characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar in retail meats in market place in Uighur, Xinjiang, China. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Yamatogi RS, Oliveira HC, Possebon FS, Pantoja JCF, Joaquim JGF, Pinto JPAN, Araújo JP. Qualitative and Quantitative Determination and Resistance Patterns of Salmonella from Poultry Carcasses. J Food Prot 2016; 79:950-5. [PMID: 27296598 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Poultry products are important in the transmission of zoonotic pathogens, mainly Salmonella. This genus causes millions of foodborne diseases worldwide every year. Cross-contamination by food sources in human cases of salmonellosis and the increase in resistant strains have become important issues. A qualitative and quantitative Salmonella detection method was utilized in a poultry slaughterhouse in São Paulo State, Brazil. We collected 33 samples from different batches of carcasses. Each sample was analyzed at three process points: postbleeding, postdefeathering, and postchilling. A fourth point, retail simulation, was added to simulate retail market storage at 5°C for 72 h. The qualitative methods revealed 100% (33 samples) contamination at postbleeding, 39% (13 samples) contamination at postdefeathering, 58% (19 samples) contamination at postchilling, and 30% (10 samples) contamination at the retail simulation. The quantitative results, determined by the most-probable-number (MPN) technique, ranged from <0.03 to >2,400 MPN/g. We identified 23 Salmonella serovars; the most prevalent were Mbandaka, Senftenberg, and Enteritidis. Resistance to nalidixic acid was significantly more common (P < 0.05) than resistance to other antimicrobial agents. Five multidrug-resistant strains were identified. This study contributes important epidemiological data and demonstrates the need to improve sanitary conditions in slaughterhouses.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Yamatogi
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Botucatu, São Paulo 18.618-970, Brazil.
| | - H C Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Botucatu, São Paulo 18.618-970, Brazil
| | - F S Possebon
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Botucatu, São Paulo 18.618-970, Brazil
| | - J C F Pantoja
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Botucatu, São Paulo 18.618-970, Brazil
| | - J G F Joaquim
- Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Food Supply, Botucatu, Sãoo Paulo 18618-970, Brazil
| | - J P A N Pinto
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Botucatu, São Paulo 18.618-970, Brazil
| | - J P Araújo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Bioscience Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo 18.618-970, Brazil
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Ahmed HA, El-Hofy FI, Shafik SM, Abdelrahman MA, Elsaid GA. Characterization of Virulence-Associated Genes, Antimicrobial Resistance Genes, and Class 1 Integrons in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium Isolates from Chicken Meat and Humans in Egypt. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2016; 13:281-8. [PMID: 26977940 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2015.2097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Foodborne pathogens are leading causes of illness especially in developing countries. The current study aimed to characterize virulence-associated genes and antimicrobial resistance in 30 Salmonella Typhimurium isolates of chicken and human origin at Mansoura, Egypt. The results showed that invA, avrA, mgtC, stn, and bcfC genes were identified in all the examined isolates, while 96.7% and 6.7% were positive for sopB and pef genes, respectively. The highest resistance frequencies of the isolates were to chloramphenicol and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (73.3%, each), followed by streptomycin (56.7%), tetracycline and ampicillin (53.3%, each), and gentamicin (30%). However, only 2.7% of the isolates were resistant to cefotaxime and ceftriaxone each. Different resistance-associated genes, including blaTEM, aadB, aadC, aadA1, aadA2, floR, tetA(A), tetA(B), and sul1, were identified in Salmonella Typhimurium isolates with the respective frequencies of 53.3%, 6.7%, 23.3%, 46.7%, 63.3%, 73.3%, 60%, 20%, and 96.7%. None of the isolates was positive for blaSHV, blaOXA, and blaCMY genes. The results showed that the intI1 gene was detected in 24 (80%) of the examined Salmonella Typhimurium isolates. Class 1 integrons were found in 19 (79.2%) isolates that were intI1 positive. Seven integron profiles (namely: P-I to P-VII) were identified with P-V (gene cassette dfrA15, aadA2), the most prevalent profile. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to characterize the unusual gene cassette array dfrA12-OrfF-aadA27 from Salmonella Typhimurium isolates in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A Ahmed
- 1 Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University , Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Fatma I El-Hofy
- 2 Department of Bacteriology, Immunology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University , Benha, Egypt
| | - Saleh M Shafik
- 3 Department of Food Hygiene, Animal Health Research Institute , Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Gamilat A Elsaid
- 3 Department of Food Hygiene, Animal Health Research Institute , Mansoura, Egypt
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