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Graff SL, Eibner GJ, Ochieng JR, Jones TC, Nsubuga AM, Lutwama JJ, Rwego IB, Junglen S. Detection of two alphaviruses: Middelburg virus and Sindbis virus from enzootic amplification cycles in southwestern Uganda. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1394661. [PMID: 38863760 PMCID: PMC11165182 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1394661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Our knowledge of alphavirus genetic diversity is mainly based on viruses isolated from anthropophilic mosquito species, humans, and livestock during outbreaks. Studies on alphaviruses from sylvatic amplification cycles in sub-Saharan Africa have been conducted less often than from epizootic environments. To gain insight into alphavirus diversity in enzootic transmission cycles, we collected over 23,000 mosquitoes in lowland rainforest and savannah gallery forest in southwestern Uganda and tested them for alphavirus infections. We detected Sindbis virus (SINV) in a Culex Culex sp. mosquito and Middelburg virus (MIDV) in Eretmapodites intermedius and Mansonia africana. MIDV is a mosquito-borne alphavirus that causes febrile illness in sheep, goats, and horses and was previously not known to occur in Uganda. SINV, also a mosquito-borne alphavirus, causes mild infections in humans. Full genomes of SINV and MIDV were sequenced, showing a nucleotide identity of 99% to related strains. Both isolates replicated to high titres in a wide variety of vertebrate cells. Our data suggest endemic circulation of SINV and MIDV in Uganda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Laura Graff
- Institute of Virology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Joachim Eibner
- Institute of Virology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - James Robert Ochieng
- Department of Zoology, Entomology and Fisheries Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Terry C. Jones
- Institute of Virology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Centre for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Mutebi Nsubuga
- Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Innocent Bidason Rwego
- Department of Biosecurity, Ecosystems and Veterinary Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sandra Junglen
- Institute of Virology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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García-García D, Fernández-Martínez B, Bartumeus F, Gómez-Barroso D. Modeling the Regional Distribution of International Travelers in Spain to Estimate Imported Cases of Dengue and Malaria: Statistical Inference and Validation Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e51191. [PMID: 38801767 PMCID: PMC11165286 DOI: 10.2196/51191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the patterns of disease importation through international travel is paramount for effective public health interventions and global disease surveillance. While global airline network data have been used to assist in outbreak prevention and effective preparedness, accurately estimating how these imported cases disseminate locally in receiving countries remains a challenge. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to describe and understand the regional distribution of imported cases of dengue and malaria upon arrival in Spain via air travel. METHODS We have proposed a method to describe the regional distribution of imported cases of dengue and malaria based on the computation of the "travelers' index" from readily available socioeconomic data. We combined indicators representing the main drivers for international travel, including tourism, economy, and visits to friends and relatives, to measure the relative appeal of each region in the importing country for travelers. We validated the resulting estimates by comparing them with the reported cases of malaria and dengue in Spain from 2015 to 2019. We also assessed which motivation provided more accurate estimates for imported cases of both diseases. RESULTS The estimates provided by the best fitted model showed high correlation with notified cases of malaria (0.94) and dengue (0.87), with economic motivation being the most relevant for imported cases of malaria and visits to friends and relatives being the most relevant for imported cases of dengue. CONCLUSIONS Factual descriptions of the local movement of international travelers may substantially enhance the design of cost-effective prevention policies and control strategies, and essentially contribute to decision-support systems. Our approach contributes in this direction by providing a reliable estimate of the number of imported cases of nonendemic diseases, which could be generalized to other applications. Realistic risk assessments will be obtained by combining this regional predictor with the observed local distribution of vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David García-García
- Department of Communicable Diseases, National Centre of Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Epidemiology and Public Health Biomedical Network Research Consortium (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Fernández-Martínez
- Department of Communicable Diseases, National Centre of Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Epidemiology and Public Health Biomedical Network Research Consortium (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Frederic Bartumeus
- Group of Theoretical and Computational Ecology, Centre for Advanced Studies of Blanes, Spanish Research Council, Blanes, Spain
- Ecological and Forestry Applications Research Centre, Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana Gómez-Barroso
- Department of Communicable Diseases, National Centre of Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Epidemiology and Public Health Biomedical Network Research Consortium (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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Sridhar S, Tonto PB, Lumkong L, Netto EM, Brites C, Wang WK, Herrera BB. Development of RT-RPA-based point-of-care tests for epidemic arthritogenic alphaviruses. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.14.594209. [PMID: 38826256 PMCID: PMC11142058 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.14.594209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Chikungunya (CHIKV), o'nyong-nyong (ONNV), and Mayaro (MAYV) viruses are transmitted by mosquitoes and known to cause a debilitating arthritogenic syndrome. These alphaviruses have emerged and re-emerged, leading to outbreaks in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, South America, and Africa. Despite their prevalence, there persists a critical gap in the availability of sensitive and virus-specific point-of-care (POC) diagnostics. Traditional immunoglobulin-based tests such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISAs) often yield cross-reactive results due to the close genetic relationship between these viruses. Molecular diagnostics such as quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) offer high sensitivity but are limited by the need for specialized laboratory equipment. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), an isothermal amplification method, is a promising alternative to qPCR, providing rapid results with minimal equipment requirements. Here, we report the development and validation of three virus-specific RPA-based POC tests for CHIKV, ONNV, and MAYV. These tests demonstrated both speed and sensitivity, capable of detecting 10 viral copies within 20 minutes of amplification, without exhibiting cross-reactivity. Furthermore, we evaluated the clinical potential of these tests using serum and tissue samples from CHIKV, ONNV, and MAYV-infected mice, as well as CHIKV-infected human patients. We demonstrate that the RPA amplicons derived from the patient samples can be sequenced, enabling cost-effective molecular epidemiological studies. Our findings highlight the significance of these rapid and specific POC diagnostics in improving the early detection and management of these arboviral infections.
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Sagar R, Raghavendhar S, Jain V, Khan N, Chandele A, Patel AK, Kaja M, Ray P, Kapoor N. Viremia and clinical manifestations in acute febrile patients of Chikungunya infection during the 2016 CHIKV outbreak in Delhi, India. INFECTIOUS MEDICINE 2024; 3:100088. [PMID: 38444748 PMCID: PMC10914418 DOI: 10.1016/j.imj.2024.100088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Background Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an infectious agent that caused several outbreaks among different countries and affected approximately 1.3 million Indian populations. It is transmitted by Aedes mosquito-either A. albopictus or A. aegypti. Generally, the clinical manifestations of CHIKV infection involve high-grade fever, joint pain, skin rashes, headache, and myalgia. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between the CHIKV virus load and clinical symptoms of the CHIKV infection so that better patient management can be done in the background of the CHIKV outbreak as there is no licensed anti-viral drug and approved vaccines available against CHIKV. Methods CHIKV RTPCR positive samples (n = 18) (Acute febrile patients having D.O.F ≤ 7 days) were taken for the quantification of CHIKV viremia by Real-Time PCR. Clinical features of the febrile patients were recorded during the collection of blood samples. Results The log mean virus load of 18 RT-PCR-positive samples was 1.3 × 106 copies/mL (1.21 × 103-2.33 × 108 copies/mL). Among the observed clinical features, the log mean virus load (CHIKV) of the patients without skin rash is higher than in the patients with skin rash (6.61 vs 5.5, P = 0.0435). Conclusion The conclusion of the study was that the patients with skin rashes had lower viral load and those without skin rashes had higher viral load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Sagar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, IGNOU, New Delhi 110068, India
| | - Siva Raghavendhar
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Vineet Jain
- HAH Centenary Hospital, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Naushad Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Anmol Chandele
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, ICGEB, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Patel
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Murali Kaja
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, ICGEB, New Delhi 110067, India
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 30322 Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Pratima Ray
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Neera Kapoor
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, IGNOU, New Delhi 110068, India
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Jaquet M, Bengue M, Lambert K, Carnac G, Missé D, Bisbal C. Human muscle cells sensitivity to chikungunya virus infection relies on their glycolysis activity and differentiation stage. Biochimie 2024; 218:85-95. [PMID: 37716499 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Changes to our environment have led to the emergence of human pathogens such as chikungunya virus. Chikungunya virus infection is today a major public health concern. It is a debilitating chronic disease impeding patients' mobility, affecting millions of people. Disease development relies on skeletal muscle infection. The importance of skeletal muscle in chikungunya virus infection led to the hypothesis that it could serve as a viral reservoir and could participate to virus persistence. Here we questioned the interconnection between skeletal muscle cells metabolism, their differentiation stage and the infectivity of the chikungunya virus. We infected human skeletal muscle stem cells at different stages of differentiation with chikungunya virus to study the impact of their metabolism on virus production and inversely the impact of virus on cell metabolism. We observed that chikungunya virus infectivity is cell differentiation and metabolism-dependent. Chikungunya virus interferes with the cellular metabolism in quiescent undifferentiated and proliferative muscle cells. Moreover, activation of chikungunya infected quiescent muscle stem cells, induces their proliferation, increases glycolysis and amplifies virus production. Therefore, our results showed that Chikungunya virus infectivity and the antiviral response of skeletal muscle cells relies on their energetic metabolism and their differentiation stage. Then, muscle stem cells could serve as viral reservoir producing virus after their activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jaquet
- PhyMedExp, Univ. Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France; MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, 34394, Montpellier, France
| | - M Bengue
- MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, 34394, Montpellier, France
| | - K Lambert
- PhyMedExp, Univ. Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - G Carnac
- PhyMedExp, Univ. Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - D Missé
- MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, 34394, Montpellier, France.
| | - C Bisbal
- PhyMedExp, Univ. Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
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Amaral JK, Taylor PC, Weinblatt ME, Bandeira Í, Schoen RT. Quality of Life and Disability in Chikungunya Arthritis. Curr Rheumatol Rev 2024; 20:65-71. [PMID: 37605393 DOI: 10.2174/1573397119666230726113647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chikungunya virus infection, transmitted by Aedes mosquito vectors, causes outbreaks of chikungunya fever (CHIKF), throughout the tropical and subtropical world. Following acute infection, many CHIKF patients develop a second phase, chronic and disabling arthritis. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of chikungunya arthritis (CHIKA) on quality of life and disability in a cohort of Brazilian CHIKA patients. METHODS We conducted a descriptive, non-interventionist, retrospective cross-sectional study analysing data collected from the medical records of chikungunya virus-infected patients treated between June 1, 2022, and June 30, 2022, in the Brazilian rheumatology clinic of one of us (JKA). To assess disability, quality of life, and pain, patients were evaluated using the Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI), 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain. RESULTS Forty-two women with a mean (± SD) age of 57.83 (± 13.05) years had CHIKF confirmed by chikungunya-specific serology. The mean (± SD) time between the onset of chikungunya symptoms and the first clinic visit was 55.19 (± 25.88) days. At this visit, the mean (± SD) VAS pain score and DAS28-ESR were 77.26 (± 23.71) and 5.8 (± 1.29), respectively. The mean (± SD) HAQDI score was 1.52 (± 0.67). The mean (± SD) SF-12 PCS-12 was 29.57 (± 8.62) and SF-12 MCS-12 was 38.42 (± 9.85). CONCLUSION CHIKA is often highly disabling. As the mosquito vectors that transmit this illness have spread to every continent except Antarctica, there is a potential for widespread public health impact from CHIKA and the need for more effective, early intervention to prevent CHIKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Kennedy Amaral
- Institute of Diagnostic Medicine of Cariri, Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Peter C Taylor
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Windmill Road, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael E Weinblatt
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, USA
| | - Ícaro Bandeira
- Faculty of Medicine FAPAraripina, Araripina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Robert T Schoen
- Section of Rheumatology, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Amaral JK, Lucena G, Schoen RT. Chikungunya Arthritis Treatment with Methotrexate and Dexamethasone: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial. Curr Rheumatol Rev 2024; 20:337-346. [PMID: 38173199 DOI: 10.2174/0115733971278715231208114037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chikungunya fever is a reemerging epidemic disease caused by a single-stranded RNA alphavirus transmitted throughout by Aedes mosquitoes. Chikungunya virus infection is a biphasic disease in which 72% to 95% of affected individuals manifest acute chikungunya fever. Following the acute phase, more than 40% of affected individuals develop arthritis, often lasting more than 3 months, referred to as chronic chikungunya arthritis, which frequently mimics rheumatoid arthritis. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of treatment of chronic chikungunya arthritis with methotrexate and dexamethasone in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. METHODS The patients were reassessed for treatment response by the DAS28-ESR, tender joint count and swollen joint count, Patient Global Assessment, and for secondary measures, including the Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index and Pain Visual Analog Scale. RESULTS Thirty-one subjects were randomized (placebo, n = 16; methotrexate, n = 15); 27 completed treatment and 4 discontinued during the 8-week blinded period. Among the participants, 96.8% were female, with mean ± SD age was 52.9 ± 13. The mean ± SD disease duration prior to treatment was 220.9 ± 51.2 days. At 8 weeks, methotrexate-treated subjects showed a greater numerical trend towards improvement, but there were no significant differences between methotrexate- dexamethasone group and dexamethasone (placebo) group. CONCLUSION In this relatively small cohort, all of whom received background dexamethasone, there was a greater numerical improvement trend in prespecified outcome measures, but methotrexate in combination with dexamethasone was not superior to dexamethasone in chronic chikungunya arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Kennedy Amaral
- Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Diagnostic Medicine of Cariri, Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Robert Taylor Schoen
- Section of Rheumatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Dawah HA, Abdullah MA, Ahmad SK, Turner J, Azari-Hamidian S. An overview of the mosquitoes of Saudi Arabia (Diptera: Culicidae), with updated keys to the adult females. Zootaxa 2023; 5394:1-76. [PMID: 38220993 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5394.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Despite the fact that mosquito-borne infections have considerable consequences for public health in Saudi Arabia, there is neither a thorough review of the species that occur in the country nor updated keys for the identification of the adult females. In this study, species accounts are given for 49 Saudi Arabian mosquito species, as well as Aedes albopictus (Skuse), which is not recorded in Saudi Arabia, but is medically important and is found in some countries of the Middle East and North Africa. Taxonomic notes provide additional information for certain taxa and/or aid their identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan A Dawah
- Centre for Environmental Research and Studies; Jazan University; P.O. Box 2095; Jazan; Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed A Abdullah
- Department of Biology; College of Science; King Khalid University; PO Box 9004; Abha-61413; Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Syed Kamran Ahmad
- Department of Plant Protection; Faculty of Agricultural Sciences; Aligarh Muslim University; Aligarh; India.
| | - James Turner
- National Museum of Wales; Department of Natural Sciences; Entomology Section; Cardiff; CF10 3NP; UK.
| | - Shahyad Azari-Hamidian
- Research Center of Health and Environment; School of Health; Guilan University of Medical Sciences; Rasht; Iran; Department of Medical Parasitology; Mycology and Entomology; School of Medicine; Guilan University of Medical Sciences; Rasht; Iran.
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Meyer AD, Guerrero SM, Dean NE, Anderson KB, Stoddard ST, Perkins TA. Model-based estimates of chikungunya epidemiological parameters and outbreak risk from varied data types. Epidemics 2023; 45:100721. [PMID: 37890441 DOI: 10.1016/j.epidem.2023.100721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessing the factors responsible for differences in outbreak severity for the same pathogen is a challenging task, since outbreak data are often incomplete and may vary in type across outbreaks (e.g., daily case counts, serology, cases per household). We propose that outbreaks described with varied data types can be directly compared by using those data to estimate a common set of epidemiological parameters. To demonstrate this for chikungunya virus (CHIKV), we developed a realistic model of CHIKV transmission, along with a Bayesian inference method that accommodates any type of outbreak data that can be simulated. The inference method makes use of the fact that all data types arise from the same transmission process, which is simulated by the model. We applied these tools to data from three real-world outbreaks of CHIKV in Italy, Cambodia, and Bangladesh to estimate nine model parameters. We found that these populations differed in several parameters, including pre-existing immunity and house-to-house differences in mosquito activity. These differences resulted in posterior predictions of local CHIKV transmission risk that varied nearly fourfold: 16% in Italy, 28% in Cambodia, and 62% in Bangladesh. Our inference method and model can be applied to improve understanding of the epidemiology of CHIKV and other pathogens for which outbreaks are described with varied data types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D Meyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | | | - Natalie E Dean
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kathryn B Anderson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Steven T Stoddard
- Bavarian Nordic Inc., 6275 Nancy Ridge Drive Suite 110/120, San Diego, CA 92121, USA; Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - T Alex Perkins
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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Ren J, Ling F, Liu Y, Sun J. Chikungunya in Zhejiang Province, Southeast China. INFECTIOUS MEDICINE 2023; 2:315-323. [PMID: 38205180 PMCID: PMC10774776 DOI: 10.1016/j.imj.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Background Chikungunya is emerging and reemerging word-widely in the past decades. It is non-endemic in Zhejiang Province, Southeast China. Aedes albopictus, one of major vectors of chikungunya, is widely-distribution in Zhejiang, and autochthonous transmission is possible after introducing chikungunya virus. Methods Retrospectively collected the epidemiological, clinical and genetic data of chikungunya and conducted the descriptive analysis and gene sequence analysis. Results From 2008 to 2022, 29 chikungunya cases, including 26 overseas imported and 3 local cases, were reported and no cases died of chikungunya. More than half of the imported cases (53.85%) were from Southeast Asia. Seasonal peak of the imported cases was noted between August and September, and 42.31% cases onset in those 2 months. Eight prefecture-level cities and 16 counties reported cases during the study period, with Jinghua (27.59%) and Hangzhou (24.14%) reporting the largest number of cases. The 3 local cases were all reported in Qujiang, Quzhou in 2017. For imported cases, the male-female gender ratio was 2.71:1, 20-30 years old cases (46.15%) and commercial service (42.31%) accounted for the highest proportion. Clinically, fever (100%), fatigue (94.44%), arthralgia (79.17%), headache (71.43%) and erythra (65.22%) were the most common reported symptoms. Eight whole-genome sequences were obtained and belonged to East/Central/South African (ECSA) or Asian genotype. Conclusions With the change of immigration policy, the surveillance of chikungunya should be strengthened and the ability of the case discovery and diagnosis should be improved in Zhejiang in the post-COVID-19 era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangping Ren
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
- Key Laboratory of Vaccine, Prevention and Control of Infectious Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310051, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Station of Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Feng Ling
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
- Key Laboratory of Vaccine, Prevention and Control of Infectious Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310051, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Station of Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Jimin Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
- Key Laboratory of Vaccine, Prevention and Control of Infectious Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310051, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Station of Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310051, China
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Reis LAM, Pampolha ABO, do Nascimento BLS, Dias DD, Araújo PADS, da Silva FS, Silva LHDSE, Reis HCF, da Silva EVP, Nunes Neto JP. Genus Culex Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera: Culicidae) as an Important Potential Arbovirus Vector in Brazil: An Integrative Review. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2179. [PMID: 38004319 PMCID: PMC10672040 DOI: 10.3390/life13112179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Culex has 817 species subdivided into 28 subgenera. It has a cosmopolitan distribution, being most abundant in countries with a tropical climate. Understanding the ecology and diversity of viruses circulating in the species of this genus is important for understanding their role as arbovirus vectors in Brazil. To conduct an integrative review to identify the importance of the Culex genus as arbovirus vectors in Brazil. A search was carried out for scientific papers in the PubMed, BVSalud, Patuá-IEC and International Catalogue of Arboviruses: including certain other viruses of vertebrates databases. 36 publications describing arbovirus detections in Culex mosquitoes collected in the field in Brazil were evaluated. A total of 42 arbovirus species were detected, as well as studies analyzing the vector competence of C. quinquefasciatus for the transmission of four different arboviruses. The study of the Culex genus and its role as a vector of arboviruses in Brazil is essential for understanding transmission cycles, with the main aim of reducing cases of human infection. Thus, entomovirological surveillance guides the implementation of actions to detect circulating arboviruses among vectors to anticipate measures aimed at preventing or reducing the risk of arbovirus outbreaks in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lúcia Aline Moura Reis
- Graduate Program in Parasitary Biology in the Amazon Region, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Pará, Belém 66095-663, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Oliveira Pampolha
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Bruna Lais Sena do Nascimento
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute—IEC/MS/SVSA, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Daniel Damous Dias
- Graduate Program in Parasitary Biology in the Amazon Region, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Pará, Belém 66095-663, Brazil
| | - Pedro Arthur da Silva Araújo
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitary Agents, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66077-830, Brazil
| | - Fábio Silva da Silva
- Graduate Program in Parasitary Biology in the Amazon Region, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Pará, Belém 66095-663, Brazil
| | - Lucas Henrique da Silva e Silva
- Graduate Program in Parasitary Biology in the Amazon Region, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Pará, Belém 66095-663, Brazil
| | - Hanna Carolina Farias Reis
- Graduate Program in Parasitary Biology in the Amazon Region, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Pará, Belém 66095-663, Brazil
| | - Eliana Vieira Pinto da Silva
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute—IEC/MS/SVSA, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil
| | - Joaquim Pinto Nunes Neto
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute—IEC/MS/SVSA, Ananindeua 67030-000, Brazil
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12
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Echavarria-Consuegra L, Dinesh Kumar N, van der Laan M, Mauthe M, Van de Pol D, Reggiori F, Smit JM. Mitochondrial protein BNIP3 regulates Chikungunya virus replication in the early stages of infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0010751. [PMID: 38011286 PMCID: PMC10703415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a human pathogen causing outbreaks of febrile illness for which vaccines and specific treatments remain unavailable. Autophagy-related (ATG) proteins and autophagy receptors are a set of host factors that participate in autophagy, but have also shown to function in other unrelated cellular pathways. Although autophagy is reported to both inhibit and enhance CHIKV replication, the specific role of individual ATG proteins remains largely unknown. Here, a siRNA screen was performed to evaluate the importance of the ATG proteome and autophagy receptors in controlling CHIKV infection. We observed that 7 out of 50 ATG proteins impact the replication of CHIKV. Among those, depletion of the mitochondrial protein and autophagy receptor BCL2 Interacting Protein 3 (BNIP3) increased CHIKV infection. Interestingly, BNIP3 controls CHIKV independently of autophagy and cell death. Detailed analysis of the CHIKV viral cycle revealed that BNIP3 interferes with the early stages of infection. Moreover, the antiviral role of BNIP3 was found conserved across two distinct CHIKV genotypes and the closely related Semliki Forest virus. Altogether, this study describes a novel and previously unknown function of the mitochondrial protein BNIP3 in the control of the early stages of the alphavirus viral cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Echavarria-Consuegra
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nilima Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen van der Laan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mario Mauthe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Denise Van de Pol
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fulvio Reggiori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda M. Smit
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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13
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Kayange N, Hau DK, Pain K, Mshana SE, Peck R, Gehring S, Groendahl B, Koliopoulos P, Revocatus B, Msaki EB, Malande O. Seroprevalence of Dengue and Chikungunya Virus Infections in Children Living in Sub-Saharan Africa: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1662. [PMID: 37892325 PMCID: PMC10605353 DOI: 10.3390/children10101662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Dengue and chikungunya viruses are frequent causes of malarial-like febrile illness in children. The rapid increase in virus transmission by mosquitoes is a global health concern. This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis of the childhood prevalence of dengue and chikungunya in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). A comprehensive search of the MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), and Cochrane Library (Wiley) databases was conducted on 28 June 2019, and updated on 12 February 2022. The search strategy was designed to retrieve all articles pertaining to arboviruses in SSA children using both controlled vocabulary and keywords. The pooled (weighted) proportion of dengue and chikungunya was estimated using a random effect model. The overall pooled prevalence of dengue and chikungunya in SSA children was estimated to be 16% and 7%, respectively. Prevalence was slightly lower during the period 2010-2020 compared to 2000-2009. The study design varied depending on the healthcare facility reporting the disease outbreak. Importantly, laboratory methods used to detect arbovirus infections differed. The present review documents the prevalence of dengue and chikungunya in pediatric patients throughout SSA. The results provide unprecedented insight into the transmission of dengue and chikungunya viruses among these children and highlight the need for enhanced surveillance and controlled methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neema Kayange
- Department of Pediatrics, Bugando Medical Centre, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza P.O. Box 1464, Tanzania;
| | - Duncan K Hau
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Kevin Pain
- Samuel J. Wood Library and C.V. Starr Biomedical Information Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Stephen E Mshana
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza P.O. Box 1464, Tanzania;
| | - Robert Peck
- Department of Pediatrics, Bugando Medical Centre, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza P.O. Box 1464, Tanzania;
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA;
- Center for Global Health, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Stephan Gehring
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.G.); (B.G.); (P.K.)
| | - Britta Groendahl
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.G.); (B.G.); (P.K.)
| | - Philip Koliopoulos
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.G.); (B.G.); (P.K.)
| | - Baraka Revocatus
- Department of Data and Statistics, Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza P.O. Box 1370, Tanzania;
| | - Evarist B Msaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza P.O. Box 1370, Tanzania;
| | - Ombeva Malande
- East Africa Centre for Vaccines and Immunization (ECAVI), Kampala P.O. Box 3040, Uganda;
- Department of Public Health Phamarmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria P.O. Box 60, South Africa
- Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7072, Uganda
- Department of Public Health, UNICAF University, Lusaka P.O. Box 20842, Zambia
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14
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Velu RM, Kwenda G, Bosomprah S, Chisola MN, Simunyandi M, Chisenga CC, Bumbangi FN, Sande NC, Simubali L, Mburu MM, Tembo J, Bates M, Simuunza MC, Chilengi R, Orba Y, Sawa H, Simulundu E. Ecological Niche Modeling of Aedes and Culex Mosquitoes: A Risk Map for Chikungunya and West Nile Viruses in Zambia. Viruses 2023; 15:1900. [PMID: 37766306 PMCID: PMC10535978 DOI: 10.3390/v15091900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The circulation of both West Nile Virus (WNV) and Chikungunya Virus (CHIKV) in humans and animals, coupled with a favorable tropical climate for mosquito proliferation in Zambia, call for the need for a better understanding of the ecological and epidemiological factors that govern their transmission dynamics in this region. This study aimed to examine the contribution of climatic variables to the distribution of Culex and Aedes mosquito species, which are potential vectors of CHIKV, WNV, and other arboviruses of public-health concern. Mosquitoes collected from Lusaka as well as from the Central and Southern provinces of Zambia were sorted by species within the Culex and Aedes genera, both of which have the potential to transmit viruses. The MaxEnt software was utilized to predict areas at risk of WNV and CHIKV based on the occurrence data on mosquitoes and environmental covariates. The model predictions show three distinct spatial hotspots, ranging from the high-probability regions to the medium- and low-probability regions. Regions along Lake Kariba, the Kafue River, and the Luangwa Rivers, as well as along the Mumbwa, Chibombo, Kapiri Mposhi, and Mpika districts were predicted to be suitable habitats for both species. The rainfall and temperature extremes were the most contributing variables in the predictive models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Milomba Velu
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 34681, Zambia; (S.B.); (M.S.); (C.C.C.); (R.C.)
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 32379, Zambia; (M.C.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Geoffrey Kwenda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 50110, Zambia;
| | - Samuel Bosomprah
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 34681, Zambia; (S.B.); (M.S.); (C.C.C.); (R.C.)
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra P.O. Box LG13, Ghana
| | - Moses Ngongo Chisola
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, School of Natural Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 32379, Zambia;
| | - Michelo Simunyandi
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 34681, Zambia; (S.B.); (M.S.); (C.C.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Caroline Cleopatra Chisenga
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 34681, Zambia; (S.B.); (M.S.); (C.C.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Flavien Nsoni Bumbangi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Eden University, Lusaka P.O. Box 37727, Zambia;
| | - Nicholus Chintu Sande
- National Malaria Elimination Centre, Chainama Hills Hospital Grounds, Lusaka P.O. Box 32509, Zambia;
| | - Limonty Simubali
- Macha Research Trust, Choma P.O. Box 630166, Zambia; (L.S.); (M.M.M.)
| | | | - John Tembo
- HerpeZ, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (J.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Matthew Bates
- HerpeZ, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (J.T.); (M.B.)
- Joseph Banks Laboratories, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincolnshire LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Martin Chitolongo Simuunza
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 32379, Zambia; (M.C.S.); (H.S.)
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 32379, Zambia
| | - Roma Chilengi
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 34681, Zambia; (S.B.); (M.S.); (C.C.C.); (R.C.)
- Zambia National Public Health Institute, Ministry of Health, Lusaka P.O. Box 51925, Zambia
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N 20 W10, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan;
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0808, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 32379, Zambia; (M.C.S.); (H.S.)
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0808, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Edgar Simulundu
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 32379, Zambia; (M.C.S.); (H.S.)
- Macha Research Trust, Choma P.O. Box 630166, Zambia; (L.S.); (M.M.M.)
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15
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Gregianini TS, Salvato RS, Barcellos RB, Godinho FM, Ruivo AP, de Melo VH, Schroder JA, Martiny FL, Möllmann EB, Favreto C, Baethgen LF, Ferreira VP, de Lima LE, Piazza CF, Machado TRM, Becker IM, Ramos RR, Frölich GC, Rossetti AF, Almeida LDC, Rodrigues TMA, Bragança IT, Campos AAS, Manzoni VB, Machado LC, da Silva LMI, de Oliveira ALS, Paiva MHS, Nunes ZMA, de Almeida PR, Demoliner M, Gularte JS, da Silva MS, Filippi M, Pereira VMDAG, Spilki FR, da Veiga ABG, Wallau GL. Chikungunya virus infection in the southernmost state of Brazil was characterised by self-limited transmission (2017-2019) and a larger 2021 outbreak. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2023; 118:e220259. [PMID: 37531506 PMCID: PMC10392894 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760220259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne virus that has been causing large outbreaks in the Americas since 2014. In Brazil, Asian-Caribbean (AC) and East-Central-South-African (ECSA) genotypes have been detected and lead to large outbreaks in several Brazilian states. In Rio Grande do Sul (RS), the southernmost state of Brazil, the first cases were reported in 2016. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS We employed genome sequencing and epidemiological investigation to characterise the Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) burden in RS between 2017-2021. FINDINGS We detected an increasing CHIKF burden linked to travel associated introductions and communitary transmission of distinct lineages of the ECSA genotype during this period. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Until 2020, CHIKV introductions were most travel associated and transmission was limited. Then, in 2021, the largest outbreak occurred in the state associated with the introduction of a new ECSA lineage. CHIKV outbreaks are likely to occur in the near future due to abundant competent vectors and a susceptible population, exposing more than 11 million inhabitants to an increasing infection risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Schäffer Gregianini
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Richard Steiner Salvato
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Centro de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Regina Bones Barcellos
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Centro de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Fernanda Marques Godinho
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Centro de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Amanda Pellenz Ruivo
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Centro de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Viviane Horn de Melo
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Centro de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Júlio Augusto Schroder
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Centro de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Fernanda Letícia Martiny
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Erica Bortoli Möllmann
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Cátia Favreto
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Divisão de Vigilância Epidemiológica, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Ludmila Fiorenzano Baethgen
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Vithoria Pompermaier Ferreira
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Lívia Eidt de Lima
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Cláudia Fasolo Piazza
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Taís Raquel Marcon Machado
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Irina Marieta Becker
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Raquel Rocha Ramos
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Guilherme Carey Frölich
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Alana Fraga Rossetti
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Lucas da Cunha Almeida
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Tahiana Machado Antunes Rodrigues
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Isabella Tabelli Bragança
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Aline Alves Scarpellini Campos
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Divisão de Vigilância Ambiental, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Verônica Baú Manzoni
- Prefeitura de São Nicolau, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, São Nicolau, RS, Brasil
| | - Lais Ceschini Machado
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Departamento de Entomologia e Núcleo de Bioinformática, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Luisa Maria Inácio da Silva
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Departamento de Entomologia e Núcleo de Bioinformática, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - André Luiz Sá de Oliveira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Núcleo de Estatística e Geoprocessamento, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Henrique Santos Paiva
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Departamento de Entomologia e Núcleo de Bioinformática, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Zenaida Marion Alves Nunes
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | | | - Meriane Demoliner
- Universidade Feevale, Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brasil
| | | | | | - Micheli Filippi
- Universidade Feevale, Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Gabriel Luz Wallau
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Departamento de Entomologia e Núcleo de Bioinformática, Recife, PE, Brasil
- National Reference Centre for Tropical Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Department of Arbovirology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Hamburg, Germany
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16
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Amaral JK, Taylor PC, Schoen RT. Brazil at the Center of Chikungunya Outbreaks. J Glob Infect Dis 2023; 15:131-132. [PMID: 37800080 PMCID: PMC10549908 DOI: 10.4103/jgid.jgid_21_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. Kennedy Amaral
- Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Diagnostic Medicine of Cariri, Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Peter C. Taylor
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Robert T. Schoen
- Clinical Professor of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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17
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Grabenstein JD, Tomar AS. Global geotemporal distribution of chikungunya disease, 2011-2022. Travel Med Infect Dis 2023; 54:102603. [PMID: 37307983 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2023.102603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chikungunya virus is a mosquito-borne alphavirus, transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Humans serve as the primary reservoir. Chikungunya infections typically appear with an abrupt onset of fever, rash, and severe joint pain. Some 40% of cases develop chronic rheumatologic complications that can persist months to years. OBJECTIVES To improve precision of risk characterization by analyzing cases of chikungunya by year and by country and depicting this geotemporal distribution in map form. METHOD Chikungunya case counts by year were compiled from national or regional health authorities from 2011 to 2022. These data were augmented by published reviews plus the Program for Monitoring Emerging Diseases (ProMED). Country-level distribution was categorized into four groups based on recency and magnitude. Data for India were mapped on a per-state basis. RESULTS The global map depicts distribution of chikungunya disease from 2011 through 2022. Most cases are reported in tropical and subtropical areas, but notable exceptions include the northern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. Countries of high recency and frequency include India, Brazil, Sudan, and Thailand. Countries with high frequency, but few cases reported in 2019-22 include many Latin American and Caribbean countries. Subnational foci are discussed in general and mapped for India. The range of Aedes mosquitoes is broader than the geography where chikungunya infection is typically diagnosed. CONCLUSIONS These maps help identify geographical regions where residents or travelers are at greatest risk of chikungunya. Once vaccines are licensed to help prevent chikungunya, maps like these can help guide future vaccine decision-making.
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18
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Rao S, Abeyratne E, Freitas JR, Yang C, Tharmarajah K, Mostafavi H, Liu X, Zaman M, Mahalingam S, Zaid A, Taylor A. A booster regime of liposome-delivered live-attenuated CHIKV vaccine RNA genome protects against chikungunya virus disease in mice. Vaccine 2023; 41:3976-3988. [PMID: 37230889 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Mosquito-transmitted chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is the causal pathogen of CHIKV disease and is responsible for global epidemics of arthritic disease. CHIKV infection can lead to severe chronic and debilitating arthralgia, significantly impacting patient mobility and quality of life. Our previous studies have shown a live-attenuated CHIKV vaccine candidate, CHIKV-NoLS, to be effective in protecting against CHIKV disease in mice vaccinated with one dose. Further studies have demonstrated the value of a liposome RNA delivery system to deliver the RNA genome of CHIKV-NoLS directly in vivo, promoting de novo production of live-attenuated vaccine particles in vaccinated hosts. This system, designed to bypass live-attenuated vaccine production bottlenecks, uses CAF01 liposomes. However, one dose of CHIKV-NoLS CAF01 failed to provide systemic protection against CHIKV challenge in mice, with low levels of CHIKV-specific antibodies. Here we describe CHIKV-NoLS CAF01 booster vaccination regimes designed to increase vaccine efficacy. C57BL/6 mice were vaccinated with three doses of CHIKV-NoLS CAF01 either intramuscularly or subcutaneously. CHIKV-NoLS CAF01 vaccinated mice developed a systemic immune response against CHIKV that shared similarity to vaccination with CHIKV-NoLS, including high levels of CHIKV-specific neutralising antibodies in subcutaneously inoculated mice. CHIKV-NoLS CAF01 vaccinated mice were protected against disease signs and musculoskeletal inflammation when challenged with CHIKV. Mice given one dose of live-attenuated CHIKV-NoLS developed a long lasting protective immune response for up to 71 days. A clinically relevant CHIKV-NoLS CAF01 booster regime can overcome the challenges faced by our previous one dose strategy and provide systemic protection against CHIKV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shambhavi Rao
- The Emerging Viruses, Inflammation and Therapeutics Group, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, QLD 4215, Australia; School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, 4215 Queensland, Australia; Global Virus Network (GVN) Centre for Excellence in Arboviruses, Australia
| | - Eranga Abeyratne
- The Emerging Viruses, Inflammation and Therapeutics Group, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, QLD 4215, Australia; School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, 4215 Queensland, Australia; Global Virus Network (GVN) Centre for Excellence in Arboviruses, Australia
| | - Joseph R Freitas
- The Emerging Viruses, Inflammation and Therapeutics Group, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, QLD 4215, Australia; School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, 4215 Queensland, Australia; Global Virus Network (GVN) Centre for Excellence in Arboviruses, Australia
| | - Chenying Yang
- The Emerging Viruses, Inflammation and Therapeutics Group, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, QLD 4215, Australia; School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, 4215 Queensland, Australia; Global Virus Network (GVN) Centre for Excellence in Arboviruses, Australia
| | - Kothila Tharmarajah
- The Emerging Viruses, Inflammation and Therapeutics Group, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, QLD 4215, Australia; School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, 4215 Queensland, Australia; Global Virus Network (GVN) Centre for Excellence in Arboviruses, Australia
| | - Helen Mostafavi
- The Emerging Viruses, Inflammation and Therapeutics Group, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, QLD 4215, Australia; School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, 4215 Queensland, Australia; Global Virus Network (GVN) Centre for Excellence in Arboviruses, Australia
| | - Xiang Liu
- The Emerging Viruses, Inflammation and Therapeutics Group, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, QLD 4215, Australia; School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, 4215 Queensland, Australia; Global Virus Network (GVN) Centre for Excellence in Arboviruses, Australia
| | - Mehfuz Zaman
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, 4222 Queensland, Australia
| | - Suresh Mahalingam
- The Emerging Viruses, Inflammation and Therapeutics Group, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, QLD 4215, Australia; School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, 4215 Queensland, Australia; Global Virus Network (GVN) Centre for Excellence in Arboviruses, Australia
| | - Ali Zaid
- The Emerging Viruses, Inflammation and Therapeutics Group, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, QLD 4215, Australia; School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, 4215 Queensland, Australia; Global Virus Network (GVN) Centre for Excellence in Arboviruses, Australia
| | - Adam Taylor
- The Emerging Viruses, Inflammation and Therapeutics Group, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, QLD 4215, Australia; School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, 4215 Queensland, Australia; Global Virus Network (GVN) Centre for Excellence in Arboviruses, Australia.
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19
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Varikkodan MM, Kunnathodi F, Azmi S, Wu TY. An Overview of Indian Biomedical Research on the Chikungunya Virus with Particular Reference to Its Vaccine, an Unmet Medical Need. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1102. [PMID: 37376491 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11061102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an infectious agent spread by mosquitos, that has engendered endemic or epidemic outbreaks of Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) in Africa, South-East Asia, America, and a few European countries. Like most tropical infections, CHIKV is frequently misdiagnosed, underreported, and underestimated; it primarily affects areas with limited resources, like developing nations. Due to its high transmission rate and lack of a preventive vaccine or effective treatments, this virus poses a serious threat to humanity. After a 32-year hiatus, CHIKV reemerged as the most significant epidemic ever reported, in India in 2006. Since then, CHIKV-related research was begun in India, and up to now, more than 800 peer-reviewed research papers have been published by Indian researchers and medical practitioners. This review gives an overview of the outbreak history and CHIKV-related research in India, to favor novel high-quality research works intending to promote effective treatment and preventive strategies, including vaccine development, against CHIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Muhsin Varikkodan
- Department of Bioscience Technology, College of Science, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan City 320314, Taiwan
| | - Faisal Kunnathodi
- Scientific Research Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarfuddin Azmi
- Scientific Research Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tzong-Yuan Wu
- Department of Bioscience Technology, College of Science, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan City 320314, Taiwan
- R&D Center of Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan City 320314, Taiwan
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20
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Bezerra WP, Moizéis RNC, Salmeron ACA, Pereira HWB, de Araújo JMG, Guedes PMM, Fernandes JV, Nascimento MSL. Innate immune response in patients with acute Chikungunya disease. Med Microbiol Immunol 2023:10.1007/s00430-023-00771-y. [PMID: 37285099 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-023-00771-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chikungunya disease (CHIKD) is an arbovirose that presents with high morbidity, mainly due to arthralgia. Inflammatory mediators including IL-6, IL-1β, GM-CSF and others have been implicated in the pathogenesis of CHIKD, whilst type I interferons can be associated with better outcomes. The role of pattern recognition receptors has been studied incompletely. Here, we evaluated the expression of RNA-specific PRRs, their adaptor molecules and downstream cytokines in acute CHIKD patients. Twenty-eight patients were recruited during the 3rd-5th day after the symptoms onset for clinical examination, peripheral blood collection and qRT-PCR analysis of PBMC to compare to the healthy control group (n = 20). We observed common symptoms of acute CHIKD, with fever, arthralgia, headache and myalgia being the most frequent. Compared with uninfected controls, acute CHIKV infection upregulates the expression of the receptors TLR3, RIG-I and MDA5, and also the adaptor molecule TRIF. Regarding cytokine expression, we found an upregulation of IL-6, IL-12, IFN-α, IFN-β and IFN-γ, which are related directly to the inflammatory or antiviral response. The TLR3-TRIF axis correlated with high expression of IL-6 and IFN-α. Interestingly, greater expression of MDA5, IL-12 and IFN-α was related to lower viral loads in CHIKD acute patients. Together, these findings help to complete the picture of innate immune activation during acute CHIKD, while confirming the induction of strong antiviral responses. Drawing the next steps in the understanding of the immunopathology and virus clearance mechanisms of CHIKD should be of utter importance in the aid of the development of effective treatment to reduce the severity of this debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wallace Pitanga Bezerra
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande Do Norte, 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Raíza Nara Cunha Moizéis
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande Do Norte, 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Amanda Costa Ayres Salmeron
- Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute of Neuroscience, Santos Dumont Institute, Macaiba, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Hannaly Wana Bezerra Pereira
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande Do Norte, 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Josélio Maria Galvão de Araújo
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande Do Norte, 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Paulo Marcos Matta Guedes
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande Do Norte, 59078-970, Brazil
| | - José Veríssimo Fernandes
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande Do Norte, 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Manuela Sales Lima Nascimento
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande Do Norte, 59078-970, Brazil.
- Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute of Neuroscience, Santos Dumont Institute, Macaiba, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
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21
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Costa LB, Barreto FKDA, Barreto MCA, Santos THPD, Andrade MDMOD, Farias LABG, Freitas ARRD, Martinez MJ, Cavalcanti LPDG. Epidemiology and Economic Burden of Chikungunya: A Systematic Literature Review. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:301. [PMID: 37368719 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8060301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya (CHIK) is a re-emerging viral infection endemic in tropical and subtropical areas. While the typical clinical presentation is an acute febrile syndrome, long-term articular complications and even death can occur. This review characterizes the global epidemiological and economic burden of chikungunya. The search included studies published from 2007 to 2022 in MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS, and SciELO for a thorough evaluation of the literature. Rayyan software was used for data analysis, and data were summarized descriptively and reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Seventy-six publications were included. Chikungunya is widely distributed in the tropics, including Africa, Asia, South America, and Oceania/the Pacific Islands, and co-circulates with other simultaneous arboviruses such as DENV, ZIKV, and YFV. Chikungunya infection can lead to chronic articular manifestations with a significant impact on the quality of life in the long term. In addition, it generates absenteeism and economic and social losses and can cause fatal infections in vulnerable populations, mainly in high-risk patients with co-morbidities and at the extremes of age. Reported costs associated with CHIKV diseases are substantial and vary by region, age group, and public/private delivery of healthcare services. The chikungunya disease burden includes chronicity, severe infections, increased hospitalization risks, and associated mortality. The disease can impact the economy in several spheres, significantly affecting the health system and national economies. Understanding and measuring the full impact of this re-emerging disease is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourrany Borges Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Ceara (UFC), Ceara 60020-181, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Ceara 60811-905, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Luís Arthur Brasil Gadelha Farias
- Hospital São Jose de Doenças Infecciosas, Ceara 60455-610, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Centro Universitário Christus (UNICHRISTUS), Ceara 60192-345, Brazil
| | | | - Miguel Julian Martinez
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luciano Pamplona de Góes Cavalcanti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Ceara (UFC), Ceara 60020-181, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Centro Universitário Christus (UNICHRISTUS), Ceara 60192-345, Brazil
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22
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Huang Z, Zhang Y, Li H, Zhu J, Song W, Chen K, Zhang Y, Lou Y. Vaccine development for mosquito-borne viral diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1161149. [PMID: 37251387 PMCID: PMC10213220 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1161149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne viral diseases are a group of viral illnesses that are predominantly transmitted by mosquitoes, including viruses from the Togaviridae and Flaviviridae families. In recent years, outbreaks caused by Dengue and Zika viruses from the Flaviviridae family, and Chikungunya virus from the Togaviridae family, have raised significant concerns for public health. However, there are currently no safe and effective vaccines available for these viruses, except for CYD-TDV, which has been licensed for Dengue virus. Efforts to control the transmission of COVID-19, such as home quarantine and travel restrictions, have somewhat limited the spread of mosquito-borne viral diseases. Several vaccine platforms, including inactivated vaccines, viral-vector vaccines, live attenuated vaccines, protein vaccines, and nucleic acid vaccines, are being developed to combat these viruses. This review analyzes the various vaccine platforms against Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya viruses and provides valuable insights for responding to potential outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Huang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiajie Zhu
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wanchen Song
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Keda Chen
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongliang Lou
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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23
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Bartholomeeusen K, Daniel M, LaBeaud DA, Gasque P, Peeling RW, Stephenson KE, Ng LFP, Ariën KK. Chikungunya fever. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2023; 9:17. [PMID: 37024497 PMCID: PMC11126297 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-023-00429-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus is widespread throughout the tropics, where it causes recurrent outbreaks of chikungunya fever. In recent years, outbreaks have afflicted populations in East and Central Africa, South America and Southeast Asia. The virus is transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. Chikungunya fever is characterized by severe arthralgia and myalgia that can persist for years and have considerable detrimental effects on health, quality of life and economic productivity. The effects of climate change as well as increased globalization of commerce and travel have led to growth of the habitat of Aedes mosquitoes. As a result, increasing numbers of people will be at risk of chikungunya fever in the coming years. In the absence of specific antiviral treatments and with vaccines still in development, surveillance and vector control are essential to suppress re-emergence and epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Bartholomeeusen
- Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Matthieu Daniel
- Unité de Recherche en Pharmaco-Immunologie (UR-EPI), Université et CHU de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
- Service de Médecine d'Urgences-SAMU-SMUR, CHU de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Desiree A LaBeaud
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Philippe Gasque
- Unité de Recherche en Pharmaco-Immunologie (UR-EPI), Université et CHU de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie Clinique et Expérimentale Océan Indien LICE-OI, Université de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Rosanna W Peeling
- Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kathryn E Stephenson
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lisa F P Ng
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- National Institute of Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kevin K Ariën
- Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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24
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Henderson Sousa F, Ghaisani Komarudin A, Findlay-Greene F, Bowolaksono A, Sasmono RT, Stevens C, Barlow PG. Evolution and immunopathology of chikungunya virus informs therapeutic development. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm049804. [PMID: 37014125 PMCID: PMC10110403 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a mosquito-borne alphavirus, is an emerging global threat identified in more than 60 countries across continents. The risk of CHIKV transmission is rising due to increased global interactions, year-round presence of mosquito vectors, and the ability of CHIKV to produce high host viral loads and undergo mutation. Although CHIKV disease is rarely fatal, it can progress to a chronic stage, during which patients experience severe debilitating arthritis that can last from several weeks to months or years. At present, there are no licensed vaccines or antiviral drugs for CHIKV disease, and treatment is primarily symptomatic. This Review provides an overview of CHIKV pathogenesis and explores the available therapeutic options and the most recent advances in novel therapeutic strategies against CHIKV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Henderson Sousa
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, UK
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Amalina Ghaisani Komarudin
- Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Center, Cibinong, Kabupaten Bogor 16911, Indonesia
| | - Fern Findlay-Greene
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, UK
| | - Anom Bowolaksono
- Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms in Biological System (CEMBIOS) Research Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - R. Tedjo Sasmono
- Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Center, Cibinong, Kabupaten Bogor 16911, Indonesia
| | - Craig Stevens
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, UK
| | - Peter G. Barlow
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, UK
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25
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Puhl AC, Fernandes RS, Godoy AS, Gil LHVG, Oliva G, Ekins S. The protein disulfide isomerase inhibitor 3-methyltoxoflavin inhibits Chikungunya virus. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 83:117239. [PMID: 36940609 PMCID: PMC10150329 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is the etiological agent of chikungunya fever, a (re)emerging arbovirus infection, that causes severe and often persistent arthritis, as well as representing a serious health concern worldwide for which no antivirals are currently available. Despite efforts over the last decade to identify and optimize new inhibitors or to reposition existing drugs, no compound has progressed to clinical trials for CHIKV and current prophylaxis is based on vector control, which has shown limited success in containing the virus. Our efforts to rectify this situation were initiated by screening 36 compounds using a replicon system and ultimately identified the natural product derivative 3-methyltoxoflavin with activity against CHIKV using a cell-based assay (EC50 200 nM, SI = 17 in Huh-7 cells). We have additionally screened 3-methyltoxoflavin against a panel of 17 viruses and showed that it only additionally demonstrated inhibition of the yellow fever virus (EC50 370 nM, SI = 3.2 in Huh-7 cells). We have also showed that 3-methyltoxoflavin has excellent in vitro human and mouse microsomal metabolic stability, good solubility and high Caco-2 permeability and it is not likely to be a P-glycoprotein substrate. In summary, we demonstrate that 3-methyltoxoflavin has activity against CHIKV, good in vitro absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) properties as well as good calculated physicochemical properties and may represent a valuable starting point for future optimization to develop inhibitors for this and other related viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Puhl
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Rafaela S. Fernandes
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Joao Dagnone, 1100 - Jardim Santa Angelina, Sao Carlos, SP, 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Andre S. Godoy
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Joao Dagnone, 1100 - Jardim Santa Angelina, Sao Carlos, SP, 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Laura H. V. G. Gil
- Department of Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n - Cidade Universitaria, Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brazil
| | - Glaucius Oliva
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Joao Dagnone, 1100 - Jardim Santa Angelina, Sao Carlos, SP, 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Sean Ekins
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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26
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Martinez-Cruz C, Arenas-Monreal L, Gomez-Dantes H, Villegas-Chim J, Barrera-Fuentes Gloria A, Toledo-Romani Maria E, Pavia-Ruz N, Che-Mendoza A, Manrique-Saide P. Educational intervention for the control of Aedes aegypti with Wolbachia in Yucatan, Mexico. EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING 2023; 97:102205. [PMID: 36580820 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2022.102205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The implementation of new control strategies for Aedes aegypti (Ae. Aegpyti), a vector of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses, requires communities to adopt specific behaviors to achieve the success of these innovations. AIM We evaluated the effect of an educational intervention based on the Precede-Proceed Model (PPM) and the Diffusion of Innovations Theory (DIT) for the control and prevention of diseases transmitted by Ae. aegypti through release of male mosquitoes infected with Wolbachia bacteria in a suburban town in Yucatan, Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS From July 2019 to February 2020, a quasi-experimental study was carried out through an educational intervention (pre- and post-measurements) using quantitative-qualitative techniques, in a Yucatan suburban town where male mosquitoes with Wolbachia were released for the suppression of Ae. aegypti populations. Eleven educational workshops were attended by heads of household (n = 19) and schoolchildren (n = 11). Other 136 heads of household not attending the workshops received information individually. RESULTS The educational intervention had a significant effect on the mean scores of the contributing and behavioral factors for adoption of innovation (p < 0.05) in the pre- and post-intervention measurements. CONCLUSION Innovative methods for the control and prevention of diseases related to Aedes aegypti can be strengthened through educational interventions supported by sound methodologies. DESCRIPTORS Community health education, Aedes aegypti, Wolbachia, Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Martinez-Cruz
- School of Public Health of Mexico/National Institute of Public Health, University No. 655 Colonia Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Los Pinos and Caminera, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Luz Arenas-Monreal
- Health Systems Research Center/National Institute of Health, University No. 655 Colonia Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Los Pinos and Caminera, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Héctor Gomez-Dantes
- Health Systems Research Center/National Institute of Health, University No. 655 Colonia Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Los Pinos and Caminera, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Josue Villegas-Chim
- Collaborative Unit for Entomological Bioassays, Campus of Biological and Agricultural Sciences, Autonomous University of Yucatan, Carretera Merida-Xmatkuil Km. 15.5 Apdo., Plan de Ayala II, Itzimná, 97100 Mérida, Yucatan, Mexico,.
| | - Abigail Barrera-Fuentes Gloria
- Collaborative Unit for Entomological Bioassays, Campus of Biological and Agricultural Sciences, Autonomous University of Yucatan, Carretera Merida-Xmatkuil Km. 15.5 Apdo., Plan de Ayala II, Itzimná, 97100 Mérida, Yucatan, Mexico,.
| | - Eugenia Toledo-Romani Maria
- Pedro Kouri Institute of Tropical Medicine, Avenida Novia del Mediodia, KM 6 1/2, La Lisa, Havana 11400, Cuba.
| | - Norma Pavia-Ruz
- Regional Research Center, Biomedical Unit, Autonomous University of Yucatan, Av. Itzáes, Centro, 97000 Mérida, Yucatan, Mexico.
| | - Azael Che-Mendoza
- Collaborative Unit for Entomological Bioassays, Campus of Biological and Agricultural Sciences, Autonomous University of Yucatan, Carretera Merida-Xmatkuil Km. 15.5 Apdo., Plan de Ayala II, Itzimná, 97100 Mérida, Yucatan, Mexico,.
| | - Pablo Manrique-Saide
- Collaborative Unit for Entomological Bioassays, Campus of Biological and Agricultural Sciences, Autonomous University of Yucatan, Carretera Merida-Xmatkuil Km. 15.5 Apdo., Plan de Ayala II, Itzimná, 97100 Mérida, Yucatan, Mexico,.
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Moreira TP, Sousa CDFD, Melo Costa VRD, Queiroz-Junior CM, Santos FM, Bonilha CS, Ésper LM, Nogueira ML, Cunha TM, Teixeira MM, Costa VV, de Souza DDG. Tumour necrosis factor plays a deleterious role in the pathogenesis of chikungunya virus infection. Immunology 2023; 168:444-458. [PMID: 36164989 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthralgia is a hallmark of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection and can be very debilitating and associated with a robust local inflammatory response. Many pathophysiological aspects associated with the disease remain to be elucidated. Here, we describe a novel model of CHIKV infection in immunocompetent mice and evaluate the role of tumour necrosis factor in the pathogenesis of the disease. C57BL/6 wild type (WT) or TNF receptor 1 deficient (TNFR1-/- ) mice were inoculated with 1 × 106 PFU of CHIKV in the paw. Alternatively, etanercept was used to inhibit TNF in infected WT mice. Hypernociception, inflammatory and virological analysis were performed. Inoculation of CHIKV into WT mice induced persistent hypernociception. There was significant viral replication in target organs and local production of inflammatory mediators in early time-points after infection. CHIKV infection was associated with specific humoral IgM and IgG responses. In TNFR1-/- mice, there was a decrease in the hypernociception threshold, which was associated with a milder local inflammatory response in the paw but delayed viral clearance. Local or systemic treatment with etanercept reduced CHIKV-induced hypernociception. This is the first study to describe hypernociception, a clinical correlation of arthralgia, in immunocompetent mice infected with CHIKV. It also demonstrates the dual role of TNF in contributing to viral clearance but driving tissue damage and hypernociception. Inhibition of TNF may have therapeutic benefits but its role in viral clearance suggests that viral levels must be monitored in CHIKV-infected patients and that TNF inhibitors should ideally be used in combination with anti-viral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaiane Pinto Moreira
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Franciele Martins Santos
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Caio Santos Bonilha
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lísia Maria Ésper
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Lacerda Nogueira
- Department of Dermatological, Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Medical School of São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Thiago Mattar Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vivian Vasconcelos Costa
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniele da Glória de Souza
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Mandova T, Saivish MV, La Serra L, Nogueira ML, Da Costa FB. Identification of Potential Antiviral Hops Compounds against Chikungunya Virus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3333. [PMID: 36834745 PMCID: PMC9966109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arthropod-borne virus that belongs to the genus Alphavirus (family Togaviridae). CHIKV causes chikungunya fever, which is mostly characterized by fever, arthralgia and, sometimes, a maculopapular rash. The bioactive constituents of hops (Humulus lupulus, Cannabaceae), mainly acylphloroglucinols, known as well as α- and β-acids, exerted distinct activity against CHIKV, without showing cytotoxicity. For fast and efficient isolation and identification of such bioactive constituents, a silica-free countercurrent separation method was applied. The antiviral activity was determined by plaque reduction test and was visually confirmed by a cell-based immunofluorescence assay. All hops compounds demonstrated a promising post-treatment viral inhibition, except the fraction of acylphloroglucinols, in mixture. β-acids fraction of 125 µg/mL expressed the strongest virucidal activity (EC50 = 15.21 µg/mL), in a drug-addition experiment on Vero cells. Hypothesis for mechanism of action were proposed for acylphloroglucinols based on their lipophilicity and chemical structure. Therefore, inhibition of some steps of the protein kinase C (PKC) transduction cascades was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsvetelina Mandova
- AsterBioChem Research Team, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto 14040-020, SP, Brazil
- Gilson Purification, 22 rue Bourseul, ZI du Poteau, 56890 Saint Avé, France
| | - Marielena Vogel Saivish
- Departamento de Doenças Dermatológicas, Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo La Serra
- Virology Research Center, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo—USP, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Lacerda Nogueira
- Departamento de Doenças Dermatológicas, Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Batista Da Costa
- AsterBioChem Research Team, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto 14040-020, SP, Brazil
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Sofyantoro F, Frediansyah A, Priyono DS, Putri WA, Septriani NI, Wijayanti N, Ramadaningrum WA, Turkistani SA, Garout M, Aljeldah M, Al Shammari BR, Alwashmi ASS, Alfaraj AH, Alawfi A, Alshengeti A, Aljohani MH, Aldossary S, Rabaan AA. Growth in chikungunya virus-related research in ASEAN and South Asian countries from 1967 to 2022 following disease emergence: a bibliometric and graphical analysis. Global Health 2023; 19:9. [PMID: 36747262 PMCID: PMC9901127 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-023-00906-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) is composed of ten Southeast Asian countries bound by socio-cultural ties that promote regional peace and stability. South Asia, located in the southern subregion of Asia, includes nine countries sharing similarities in geographical and ethno-cultural factors. Chikungunya is one of the most significant problems in Southeast and South Asian countries. Much of the current chikungunya epidemic in Southeast Asia is caused by the emergence of a virus strain that originated in Africa and spread to Southeast Asia. Meanwhile, in South Asia, three confirmed lineages are in circulation. Given the positive correlation between research activity and the improvement of the clinical framework of biomedical research, this article aimed to examine the growth of chikungunya virus-related research in ASEAN and South Asian countries. METHODS The Scopus database was used for this bibliometric analysis. The retrieved publications were subjected to a number of analyses, including those for the most prolific countries, journals, authors, institutions, and articles. Co-occurrence mapping of terms and keywords was used to determine the current state, emerging topics, and future prospects of chikungunya virus-related research. Bibliometrix and VOSviewer were used to analyze the data and visualize the collaboration network mapping. RESULTS The Scopus search engine identified 1280 chikungunya-related documents published by ASEAN and South Asian countries between 1967 and 2022. According to our findings, India was the most productive country in South Asia, and Thailand was the most productive country in Southeast Asia. In the early stages of the study, researchers investigated the vectors and outbreaks of the chikungunya virus. In recent years, the development of antivirus agents has emerged as a prominent topic. CONCLUSIONS Our study is the first to present the growth of chikungunya virus-related research in ASEAN and South Asian countries from 1967 to 2022. In this study, the evaluation of the comprehensive profile of research on chikungunya can serve as a guide for future studies. In addition, a bibliometric analysis may serve as a resource for healthcare policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fajar Sofyantoro
- grid.8570.a0000 0001 2152 4506Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281 Indonesia ,grid.8570.a0000 0001 2152 4506Center for Tropical Biodiversity, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281 Indonesia
| | - Andri Frediansyah
- PRTPP, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Yogyakarta, 55861, Indonesia.
| | - Dwi Sendi Priyono
- grid.8570.a0000 0001 2152 4506Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281 Indonesia ,grid.8570.a0000 0001 2152 4506Center for Tropical Biodiversity, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281 Indonesia
| | - Wahyu Aristyaning Putri
- grid.8570.a0000 0001 2152 4506Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281 Indonesia
| | - Nur Indah Septriani
- grid.8570.a0000 0001 2152 4506Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281 Indonesia
| | - Nastiti Wijayanti
- Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.
| | | | | | - Mohammed Garout
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644Department of Community Medicine and Health Care for Pilgrims, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Aljeldah
- grid.494617.90000 0004 4907 8298Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin, 39831 Saudi Arabia
| | - Basim R. Al Shammari
- grid.494617.90000 0004 4907 8298Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin, 39831 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ameen S. S. Alwashmi
- grid.412602.30000 0000 9421 8094Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452 Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal H. Alfaraj
- Pediatric Department, Abqaiq General Hospital, First Eastern Health Cluster, Abqaiq, 33261 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulsalam Alawfi
- grid.412892.40000 0004 1754 9358Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah, 41491 Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer Alshengeti
- grid.412892.40000 0004 1754 9358Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah, 41491 Saudi Arabia ,grid.416641.00000 0004 0607 2419Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Prince Mohammad Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, National Guard Health Affairs, Al-Madinah, 41491 Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha H. Aljohani
- Department of infectious diseases, King Fahad Hospital, Madinah, 42351 Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahar Aldossary
- grid.415305.60000 0000 9702 165XPediatric Infectious Diseases, Women and Children’s Health Institute, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, 31311 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A. Rabaan
- grid.415305.60000 0000 9702 165XMolecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, 31311 Saudi Arabia ,grid.411335.10000 0004 1758 7207College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, 11533 Saudi Arabia ,grid.467118.d0000 0004 4660 5283Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur, 22610 Pakistan
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30
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Sahoo S, Narang RK, Singh A. The Marburg Virus Outbreak in West Africa. Curr Drug Targets 2023; 24:380-381. [PMID: 36788691 DOI: 10.2174/1389450124666230213154319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarmili Sahoo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab, India
| | - Raj Kumar Narang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab, India
| | - Amandeep Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab, India
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31
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Chau C, Marcuccio F, Soulias D, Edwards MA, Tuplin A, Radford SE, Hewitt E, Actis P. Probing RNA Conformations Using a Polymer-Electrolyte Solid-State Nanopore. ACS NANO 2022; 16:20075-20085. [PMID: 36279181 PMCID: PMC9798860 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanopore systems have emerged as a leading platform for the analysis of biomolecular complexes with single-molecule resolution. The conformation of biomolecules, such as RNA, is highly dependent on the electrolyte composition, but solid-state nanopore systems often require high salt concentration to operate, precluding analysis of macromolecular conformations under physiologically relevant conditions. Here, we report the implementation of a polymer-electrolyte solid-state nanopore system based on alkali metal halide salts dissolved in 50% w/v poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG) to augment the performance of our system. We show that polymer-electrolyte bath governs the translocation dynamics of the analyte which correlates with the physical properties of the salt used in the bath. This allowed us to identify CsBr as the optimal salt to complement PEG to generate the largest signal enhancement. Harnessing the effects of the polymer-electrolyte, we probed the conformations of the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) RNA genome fragments under physiologically relevant conditions. Our system was able to fingerprint CHIKV RNA fragments ranging from ∼300 to ∼2000 nt length and subsequently distinguish conformations between the co-transcriptionally folded and the natively refolded ∼2000 nt CHIKV RNA. We envision that the polymer-electrolyte solid-state nanopore system will further enable structural and conformational analyses of individual biomolecules under physiologically relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chalmers Chau
- School
of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural
Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- School
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- Bragg
Centre for Materials Research, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Fabio Marcuccio
- School
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- Bragg
Centre for Materials Research, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Dimitrios Soulias
- School
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- Bragg
Centre for Materials Research, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Martin Andrew Edwards
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Andrew Tuplin
- School
of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural
Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Sheena E. Radford
- School
of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural
Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Eric Hewitt
- School
of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural
Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Paolo Actis
- School
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- Bragg
Centre for Materials Research, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
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Amaral JK, Bingham CO, Taylor PC, Vilá LM, Weinblatt ME, Schoen RT. Pathogenesis of chronic chikungunya arthritis: Resemblances and links with rheumatoid arthritis. Travel Med Infect Dis 2022; 52:102534. [PMID: 36549417 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2022.102534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection results from transmission by the mosquito vector. Following an incubation period of 5-7 days, patients develop an acute febrile illness, chikungunya fever (CHIKF), characterized by high fevers, maculopapular rash, headaches, polyarthritis/arthralgias, myalgias, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Joint pain is often severe, and most often involves the hands, the wrists, the ankles, and the metatarsal-phalangeal joints of the feet. Many patients recover within several weeks, but up to 50% develop chronic joint pain and swelling for more than 12 weeks, then we refer to these symptoms as chronic chikungunya arthritis (CCA). The pathogenesis of CCA is not well understood. In this article, we suggest that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may play an important role in this pathogenesis. This heterogeneous group of multipotent cells, morphologically similar to fibroblasts, may undergo epigenetic changes capable of generating aberrant progenies. However, we believe that there is no need for a latent infection. In our pathogenic hypothesis, CHIKV infection of MSCs would cause epigenetic changes both in MSCs themselves and in their progenies, without the need for reactivation of dormant viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kennedy Amaral
- Institute of Diagnostic Medicine of Cariri, Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Clifton O Bingham
- Johns Hopkins Arthritis Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter C Taylor
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Windmill Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Luis M Vilá
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Michael E Weinblatt
- John R. and Eileen K. Riedman Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Robert T Schoen
- Section of Rheumatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Rachmat A, Kelly GC, Hontz RD, Supaprom C, Heang V, Hip P, Garcia-Rivera JA, Prom S, Chhea C, Sutherland IW, Corson KS, Letizia AG. Clinical and epidemiologic evaluation of a 2020 chikungunya outbreak in Cambodia. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:949. [PMID: 36526991 PMCID: PMC9758031 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07936-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2020, the Kingdom of Cambodia experienced a nationwide outbreak of chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Despite an increase in the frequency of outbreaks and expanding geographic range of CHIKV, diagnostic challenges remain, and limited surveillance data of sufficient granularity are available to characterize epidemiological profiles and disease dynamics of the virus. METHODS An ongoing and long-standing cross-sectional study of acute undifferentiated febrile illness (AUFI) in Cambodia was leveraged to describe the disease epidemiology and characterize the clinical presentation of patients diagnosed with CHIKV during the 2020 outbreak. Participants presenting with AUFI symptoms at ten study locations provided acute and convalescent blood samples and were tested for CHIKV using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and serological diagnostic methods including IgM and IgG. Acute and follow-up clinical data were also collected. RESULTS From 1194 participant blood samples tested, 331 (27.7%) positive CHIKV cases were detected. Most CHIKV positive individuals (280, 84.6%) reported having a fever 3 to 4 days prior to visiting a health facility. Symptoms including chills, joint pain, nausea, vomiting, and lesions were all statistically significant among CHIKV positive participants compared to CHIKV negative AUFI participants. Cough was negatively associated with CHIKV positive participants. Positivity proportions were significantly higher among adults compared to children. No significant difference was found in positivity proportion between rainy and dry seasons during the outbreak. Positive CHIKV cases were detected in all study site provinces, with the highest test positivity proportion recorded in the rural northeast province of Kratie. CONCLUSIONS Surveillance data captured in this study provided a clinical and epidemiological characterization of positive CHIKV patients presenting at selected health facilities in Cambodia in 2020, and highlighted the widespread distribution of the outbreak, impacting both urban and rural locations. Findings also illustrated the importance of utilizing both RT-PCR and serological testing for effective CHIKV surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agus Rachmat
- AC Investment Co, Contractor for NAMRU-2, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | | | | | | | - Vireak Heang
- U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit TWO, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Phireak Hip
- AC Investment Co, Contractor for NAMRU-2, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | | | - Satharath Prom
- Department of Health, Ministry of National Defense, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Chhorvann Chhea
- grid.436334.5National Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | | | - Karen S. Corson
- U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit TWO, Singapore, Singapore ,U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit TWO, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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Millsapps EM, Underwood EC, Barr KL. Development and Application of Treatment for Chikungunya Fever. Res Rep Trop Med 2022; 13:55-66. [PMID: 36561535 PMCID: PMC9767026 DOI: 10.2147/rrtm.s370046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and application of treatment for Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) remains complicated as there is no current standard treatment and many barriers to research exist. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) causes serious global health implications due to its socioeconomic impact and high morbidity rates. In research, treatment through natural and pharmaceutical techniques is being evaluated for their efficacy and effectiveness. Natural treatment options, such as homeopathy and physiotherapy, give patients a variety of options for how to best manage acute and chronic symptoms. Some of the most used pharmaceutical therapies for CHIKV include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), methotrexate (MTX), chloroquine, and ribavirin. Currently, there is no commercially available vaccine for chikungunya, but vaccine development is crucial for this virus. Potential treatments need further research until they can become a standard part of treatment. The barriers to research for this complicated virus create challenges in the efficacy and equitability of its research. The rising need for increased research to fully understand chikungunya in order to develop more effective treatment options is vital in protecting endemic populations globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Millsapps
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Disease Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Emma C Underwood
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Disease Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kelli L Barr
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Disease Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA,Correspondence: Kelli L Barr, Center for Global Health and Infectious Disease Research, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Blvd. Suite 304, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA, Tel +1 813 974 4480, Fax +1 813 974 4962, Email
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35
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Schmidt C, Schnierle BS. Chikungunya Vaccine Candidates: Current Landscape and Future Prospects. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:3663-3673. [PMID: 36277603 PMCID: PMC9580835 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s366112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an alphavirus that has spread globally in the last twenty years. Although mortality is rather low, infection can result in debilitating arthralgia that can persist for years. Unfortunately, no treatments or preventive vaccines are currently licensed against CHIKV infections. However, a large range of promising preclinical and clinical vaccine candidates have been developed during recent years. This review will give an introduction into the biology of CHIKV and the immune responses that are induced by infection, and will summarize CHIKV vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Schmidt
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Department of Virology, Section AIDS and Newly Emerging Pathogens, Langen, Germany
| | - Barbara S Schnierle
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Department of Virology, Section AIDS and Newly Emerging Pathogens, Langen, Germany,Correspondence: Barbara S Schnierle, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Department of Virology, Section AIDS and newly emerging pathogens, Paul-Ehrlich-Strasse 51.59, Langen, 63225, Germany, Tel/Fax +49 6103 77 5504, Email
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36
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Hien AS, Sangaré I, Ouattara ELP, Sawadogo SP, Soma DD, Maiga H, Diabaté A, Bonnet E, Ridde V, Fournet F, Hawkes FM, Kaupra C, Bouyer J, Abd-Alla AMM, Dabiré RK. Chikungunya (Togaviridae) and dengue 2 (Flaviviridae) viruses detected from Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in Burkina Faso by qRT-PCR technique: Preliminary results and perspective for molecular characterization of arbovirus circulation in vector populations. FRONTIERS IN TROPICAL DISEASES 2022; 3. [DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2022.920224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2016, an entomological study was carried out in a railway transect between Banfora and Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. The objective was to assess the risk factors of arbovirus outbreaks, including vector-borne infection status within representative regions of the country. Aedes aegypti mosquitoes were collected at the larval stage from their natural rearing habitats in four study sites when estimating the main larval index, then reared until adult stage and kept in RNAlater for the detection of arbovirus RNA. In the laboratory, mosquito samples were tested for dengue virus (DENV) and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) using a real-time qRT-PCR stage. A DENV-2 positive pool was detected in Ouagadougou with a minimum infection rate (MIR) of 16.67 and other six CHIKV-positive pools with a MIR of 66.67 in Ouagadougou, Banfora, and Boromo. This qRT-PCR approach, if validated with various samples also comprising wild blood-fed adults, is a useful tool for arbovirus circulation and disease monitoring in Burkina Faso.
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Lee WL, Gu X, Armas F, Leifels M, Wu F, Chandra F, Chua FJD, Syenina A, Chen H, Cheng D, Ooi EE, Wuertz S, Alm EJ, Thompson J. Monitoring human arboviral diseases through wastewater surveillance: Challenges, progress and future opportunities. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 223:118904. [PMID: 36007397 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Arboviral diseases are caused by a group of viruses spread by the bite of infected arthropods. Amongst these, dengue, Zika, west nile fever and yellow fever cause the greatest economic and social impact. Arboviral epidemics have increased in frequency, magnitude and geographical extent over the past decades and are expected to continue increasing with climate change and expanding urbanisation. Arboviral prevalence is largely underestimated, as most infections are asymptomatic, nevertheless existing surveillance systems are based on passive reporting of loosely defined clinical syndromes with infrequent laboratory confirmation. Wastewater-based surveillance (WBS), which has been demonstrated to be useful for monitoring diseases with significant asymptomatic populations including COVID19 and polio, could be a useful complement to arboviral surveillance. We review the current state of knowledge and identify key factors that affect the feasibility of monitoring arboviral diseases by WBS to include viral shedding loads by infected persons, the persistence of shed arboviruses and the efficiency of their recovery from sewage. We provide a simple model on the volume of wastewater that needs to be processed for detection of arboviruses, in face of lower arboviral shedding rates. In all, this review serves to reflect on the key challenges that need to be addressed and overcome for successful implementation of arboviral WBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lin Lee
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore 138602, Singapore; Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Xiaoqiong Gu
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore 138602, Singapore; Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Federica Armas
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore 138602, Singapore; Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Mats Leifels
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Fuqing Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, Center for Infectious Disease, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Franciscus Chandra
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore 138602, Singapore; Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Feng Jun Desmond Chua
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Ayesa Syenina
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre (ViREMiCS), SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Hongjie Chen
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore 138602, Singapore; Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Dan Cheng
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore 138602, Singapore; Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore 138602, Singapore; Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre (ViREMiCS), SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - Stefan Wuertz
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Eric J Alm
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore 138602, Singapore; Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore 138602, Singapore; Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Janelle Thompson
- Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore 138602, Singapore; Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore; Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore.
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Karbalaei M, Keikha M. Chikungunya, zika, and dengue: Three neglected re-emerging Aedes-borne diseases. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 81:104415. [PMID: 36042927 PMCID: PMC9420495 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Karbalaei
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Masoud Keikha
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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A Bivalent Trans-Amplifying RNA Vaccine Candidate Induces Potent Chikungunya and Ross River Virus Specific Immune Responses. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10091374. [PMID: 36146452 PMCID: PMC9503900 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alphaviruses such as the human pathogenic chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Ross River virus (RRV) can cause explosive outbreaks raising public health concerns. However, no vaccine or specific antiviral treatment is yet available. We recently established a CHIKV vaccine candidate based on trans-amplifying RNA (taRNA). This novel system consists of a replicase-encoding mRNA and a trans-replicon (TR) RNA encoding the antigen. The TR-RNA is amplified by the replicase in situ. We were interested in determining whether multiple TR-RNAs can be amplified in parallel and if, thus, a multivalent vaccine candidate can be generated. In vitro, we observed an efficient amplification of two TR-RNAs, encoding for the CHIKV and the RRV envelope proteins, by the replicase, which resulted in a high antigen expression. Vaccination of BALB/c mice with the two TR-RNAs induced CHIKV- and RRV-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. However, antibody titers and neutralization capacity were higher after immunization with a single TR-RNA. In contrast, alphavirus-specific T cell responses were equally potent after the bivalent vaccination. These data show the proof-of-principle that the taRNA system can be used to generate multivalent vaccines; however, further optimizations will be needed for clinical application.
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Traverse EM, Millsapps EM, Underwood EC, Hopkins HK, Young M, Barr KL. Chikungunya Immunopathology as It Presents in Different Organ Systems. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081786. [PMID: 36016408 PMCID: PMC9414582 DOI: 10.3390/v14081786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is currently an urgent public health problem as high morbidity from the virus leaves populations with negative physical, social, and economic impacts. CHIKV has the potential to affect every organ of an individual, leaving patients with lifelong impairments which negatively affect their quality of life. In this review, we show the importance of CHIKV in research and public health by demonstrating the immunopathology of CHIKV as it presents in different organ systems. Papers used in this review were found on PubMed, using “chikungunya and [relevant organ system]”. There is a significant inflammatory response during CHIKV infection which affects several organ systems, such as the brain, heart, lungs, kidneys, skin, and joints, and the immune response to CHIKV in each organ system is unique. Whilst there is clinical evidence to suggest that serious complications can occur, there is ultimately a lack of understanding of how CHIKV can affect different organ systems. It is important for clinicians to understand the risks to their patients.
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Global prevalence of dengue and chikungunya coinfection: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 43,341 participants. Acta Trop 2022; 231:106408. [PMID: 35305942 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Dengue and chikungunya virus are important arboviruses of public health concern. In the past decades, they have accounted for numerous outbreaks of dengue and chikungunya in different parts of the world. Several cases of concurrent infection of dengue and chikungunya have been documented. However, the true burden of this concurrent infection is unknown. Here, a systematic review and meta-analysis of published data on the prevalence of dengue and chikungunya coinfection in the human population was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. Six electronic databases (Web of science, Embase, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar) were searched without year or language restrictions for relevant studies. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020175344). Eighty-three studies involving a total of 43,341 participants were included. The random-effects model was employed to calculate the summary estimates. A pooled global prevalence of 2.5% (95% CI: 1.8-3.4) was obtained for dengue and chikungunya coinfection. Males and females appear to be coinfected at a fairly similar rate. Among the regions, Asia accounted for the highest prevalence (3.3%, 95% CI: 2.3-4.6) while North America was the least (0.8%, 95% CI: 0.3-2.4). The prevalence estimates varied across different countries. A much higher prevalence rates were obtained for Colombia (37.4%, 95% CI: 9.1-78.1), Madagascar (18.2%, 95% CI: 10.1-30.6), Laos (12.5%, 95% CI: 5.3-26.7), Maldives (4.5%, 95% CI: 1.5-13.0) and Thailand (3.7%, 95% CI: 0.4-26.3). This first extensive systematic review and meta-analysis reveals dengue and chikungunya coinfection as a global problem worthy of consideration. It is therefore pertinent that both infections be assessed during diagnosis, mosquito vector control practices be implemented, and vaccine development strides be supported globally.
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Lin WN, Tay MZ, Wong JXE, Lee CY, Fong SW, Wang CI, Ng LFP, Renia L, Chen CH, Cheow LF. Rapid microfluidic platform for screening and enrichment of cells secreting virus neutralizing antibodies. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:2578-2589. [PMID: 35694804 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00018k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As part of the body's immune response, antibodies (Abs) have the ability to neutralize pathogenic viruses to prevent infection. To screen for neutralizing Abs (nAbs) from the immune repertoire, multiple screening techniques have been developed. However, conventional methods have a trade-off between screening throughput and the ability to screen for nAbs via their functional efficacy. Although droplet microfluidic platforms have the ability to bridge this disparity, the majority of such reported platforms still rely on Ab-binding assays as a proxy for function, which results in irrelevant hits. Herein, we report the multi-module Droplet-based Platform for Effective Antibody RetrievaL (DROP-PEARL) platform, which can achieve high-throughput enrichment of Ab-secreting cells (ASCs) based on the neutralizing activity of secreted nAbs against the a target virus. In this study, in-droplet Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection of host cells and neutralization was demonstrated via sequential delivery of viruses and host cells via picoinjection. In addition, we demonstrate the ability of the sorting system to accurately discriminate and isolate uninfected droplets from a mixed population of droplets at a rate of 150 000 cells per hour. As a proof of concept, a single-cell neutralization assay was performed on two populations of cells (nAb-producing and non-Ab producing cells), and up to 2.75-fold enrichment of ASCs was demonstrated. Finally, we demonstrated that DROP-PEARL is able to achieve similar enrichment for low frequency (∼2%) functional nAb-producing cells in a background of excess cells secreting irrelevant antibodies, highlighting its potential prospect as a first round enrichment platform for functional ASCs. We envision that the DROP-PEARL platform could potentially be used to accelerate the discovery of nAbs against other pathogenic viral targets, and we believe it will be a useful in the ongoing fight against biological threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikang Nicholas Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Matthew Zirui Tay
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Joel Xu En Wong
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | | | - Siew-Wai Fong
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | | | - Lisa Fong Poh Ng
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- National Institute of Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Laurent Renia
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Chia-Hung Chen
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Lih Feng Cheow
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology (iHealthtech), Singapore
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The Antifungal Itraconazole Is a Potent Inhibitor of Chikungunya Virus Replication. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071351. [PMID: 35891332 PMCID: PMC9317443 DOI: 10.3390/v14071351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is the causative agent of chikungunya fever, a disabling disease that can cause long-term severe arthritis. Since the last large CHIKV outbreak in 2015, the reemergence of the virus represents a serious public health concern. The morbidity associated with viral infection emphasizes the need for the development of specific anti-CHIKV drugs. Herein, we describe the development and characterization of a CHIKV reporter replicon cell line and its use in replicon-based screenings. We tested 960 compounds from MMV/DNDi Open Box libraries and identified four candidates with interesting antiviral activities, which were confirmed in viral infection assays employing CHIKV-nanoluc and BHK-21 cells. The most noteworthy compound identified was itraconazole (ITZ), an orally available, safe, and cheap antifungal, that showed high selectivity indexes of >312 and >294 in both replicon-based and viral infection assays, respectively. The antiviral activity of this molecule has been described against positive-sense single stranded RNA viruses (+ssRNA) and was related to cholesterol metabolism that could affect the formation of the replication organelles. Although its precise mechanism of action against CHIKV still needs to be elucidated, our results demonstrate that ITZ is a potent inhibitor of the viral replication that could be repurposed as a broad-spectrum antiviral.
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Schmidt C, Haefner E, Gerbeth J, Beissert T, Sahin U, Perkovic M, Schnierle BS. A taRNA vaccine candidate induces a specific immune response that protects mice against Chikungunya virus infections. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 28:743-754. [PMID: 35664702 PMCID: PMC9126847 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The arthritogenic alphavirus, chikungunya virus (CHIKV), is now present in almost 100 countries worldwide. Further spread is very likely, which raises public health concerns. CHIKV infections cause fever and arthralgia, which can be debilitating and last for years. Here, we describe a CHIKV vaccine candidate based on trans-amplifying RNA (taRNA). The vaccine candidate consists of two RNAs: a non-replicating mRNA encoding for the CHIKV nonstructural proteins, forming the replicase complex and a trans-replicon (TR) RNA encoding the CHIKV envelope proteins. The TR-RNA can be amplified by the replicase in trans, and small RNA amounts can induce a potent immune response. The TR-RNA was efficiently amplified by the CHIKV replicase in vitro, leading to high protein expression, comparable to that generated by a CHIKV infection. In addition, the taRNA system did not recombine to replication-competent CHIKV. Using a prime-boost schedule, the vaccine candidate induced potent CHIKV-specific humoral and cellular immune responses in vivo in a mouse model. Notably, mice were protected against a high-dose CHIKV challenge infection with two vaccine doses of only 1.5 μg RNA. Therefore, taRNAs are a promising safe and efficient vaccination strategy against CHIKV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Schmidt
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich Strasse 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Erik Haefner
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich Strasse 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany.,TRON (Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Freiligrathstraße 12, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Julia Gerbeth
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich Strasse 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Tim Beissert
- TRON (Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Freiligrathstraße 12, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ugur Sahin
- TRON (Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Freiligrathstraße 12, 55131 Mainz, Germany.,Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center at the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mario Perkovic
- TRON (Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Freiligrathstraße 12, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Barbara S Schnierle
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich Strasse 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany
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From a long-distance threat to the invasion front: a review of the invasive Aedes mosquito species in Belgium between 2007 and 2020. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:206. [PMID: 35698108 PMCID: PMC9195248 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05303-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive mosquito species (IMS) and their associated mosquito-borne diseases are emerging in Europe. In Belgium, the first detection of Aedes albopictus (Skuse 1894) occurred in 2000 and of Aedes japonicus japonicus (Theobald 1901) in 2002. Early detection and control of these IMS at points of entry (PoEs) are of paramount importance to slow down any possible establishment. This article reviews the introductions and establishments recorded of three IMS in Belgium based on published (2007–2014) and unpublished (2015–2020) data collected during several surveillance projects. In total, 52 PoEs were monitored at least once for the presence of IMS between 2007 and 2020. These included used tyre and lucky bamboo import companies, airports, ports, parking lots along highways, shelters for imported cutting plants, wholesale markets, industrial areas, recycling areas, cemeteries and an allotment garden at the country border with colonised areas. In general, monitoring was performed between April and November. Mosquitoes were captured with adult and oviposition traps as well as by larval sampling. Aedes albopictus was detected at ten PoEs, Ae. japonicus at three PoEs and Aedes koreicus (Edwards 1917) at two PoEs. The latter two species have established overwintering populations. The percentage of PoEs positive for Ae. albopictus increased significantly over years. Aedes albopictus is currently entering Belgium through lucky bamboo and used tyre trade and passive ground transport, while Ae. japonicus through used tyre trade and probably passive ground transport. In Belgium, the import through passive ground transport was first recorded in 2018 and its importance seems to be growing. Belgium is currently at the invasion front of Ae. albopictus and Ae. japonicus. The surveillance and control management actions at well-known PoEs associated to long-distance introductions are more straightforward than at less-defined PoEs associated with short-distance introductions from colonised areas. These latter PoEs represent a new challenge for IMS management in Belgium in the coming years. Aedes albopictus is expected to become established in Belgium in the coming years, hence increasing the likelihood of local arbovirus transmission. The implementation of a sustainable, structured and long-term IMS management programme, integrating active and passive entomological surveillance, vector control and Public Health surveillance is therefore pivotal.
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Differential Hatching, Development, Oviposition, and Longevity Patterns among Colombian Aedes aegypti Populations. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13060536. [PMID: 35735873 PMCID: PMC9224916 DOI: 10.3390/insects13060536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Aedes aegypti is a mosquito that transmits viruses responsible for several diseases in humans, such as dengue, Zika, and chikungunya. It is crucial to study mosquito populations from different countries and regions because control of disease transmission with insecticides can be more effective if adjusted to each population’s characteristics. For this reason, we determined several features of mosquitoes captured in different cities of Colombia: Neiva, Bello, Itagüí, and Riohacha. These included the length of their lifespan, the number of eggs they lay, and the stages in which they die. We found specific patterns for each population. This knowledge will help control programs determine the optimal times to apply insecticides and make surveillance, as well as the type of insecticide used. Abstract Dengue, Zika, and chikungunya are arboviral diseases for which there are no effective therapies or vaccines. The only way to avoid their transmission is by controlling the vector Aedes aegypti, but insecticide resistance limits this strategy. To generate relevant information for surveillance and control mechanisms, we determined life cycle parameters, including longevity, fecundity, and mortality, of Colombian Ae. aegypti populations from four different geographical regions: Neiva, Bello, Itagüí, and Riohacha. When reared at 28 °C, Bello had the shortest development time, and Riohacha had the longest. Each mosquito population had its own characteristic fecundity pattern during four gonotrophic cycles. The survival curves of each population were significantly different, with Riohacha having the longest survival in both males and females and Bello the shortest. High mortality was observed in mosquitoes from Neiva in the egg stage and for Bello in the pupae stage. Finally, when mosquitoes from Neiva and Bello were reared at 35 °C, development times and mortality were severely affected. In conclusion, each population has a unique development pattern with an innate trace in their biological characteristics that confers vulnerability in specific stages of development.
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A Review on Chikungunya Virus Epidemiology, Pathogenesis and Current Vaccine Development. Viruses 2022; 14:v14050969. [PMID: 35632709 PMCID: PMC9147731 DOI: 10.3390/v14050969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus that recently re-emerged in many parts of the world causing large-scale outbreaks. CHIKV infection presents as a febrile illness known as chikungunya fever (CHIKF). Infection is self-limited and characterized mainly by severe joint pain and myalgia that can last for weeks or months; however, severe disease presentation can also occur in a minor proportion of infections. Among the atypical CHIKV manifestations that have been described, severe arthralgia and neurological complications, such as encephalitis, meningitis, and Guillain–Barré Syndrome, are now reported in many outbreaks. Moreover, death cases were also reported, placing CHIKV as a relevant public health disease. Virus evolution, globalization, and climate change may have contributed to CHIKV spread. In addition to this, the lack of preventive vaccines and approved antiviral treatments is turning CHIKV into a major global health threat. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge about CHIKV pathogenesis, with a focus on atypical disease manifestations, such as persistent arthralgia and neurologic disease presentation. We also bring an up-to-date review of the current CHIKV vaccine development. Altogether, these topics highlight some of the most recent advances in our understanding of CHIKV pathogenesis and also provide important insights into the current development and clinical trials of CHIKV potential vaccine candidates.
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Nyamwaya DK, Otiende M, Mwango L, Kariuki SM, Otieno B, Omuoyo DO, Githinji G, Kitsao BS, Karanja HK, Gitonga JN, de Laurent ZR, Davies A, Mwarumba S, Agoti CN, Thumbi SM, Hamaluba MM, Newton CR, Bejon P, Warimwe GM. Incidence of chikungunya virus infections among Kenyan children with neurological disease, 2014-2018: A cohort study. PLoS Med 2022; 19:e1003994. [PMID: 35550620 PMCID: PMC9135332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurological complications due to chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection have been described in different parts of the world, with children being disproportionately affected. However, the burden of CHIKV-associated neurological disease in Africa is currently unknown and given the lack of diagnostic facilities in routine care it is possible that CHIKV is an unrecognized etiology among children with encephalitis or other neurological illness. METHODS AND FINDINGS We estimated the incidence of CHIKV infection among children hospitalized with neurological disease in Kilifi County, coastal Kenya. We used reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to systematically test for CHIKV in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from children aged <16 years hospitalized with symptoms of neurological disease at Kilifi County Hospital between January 2014 and December 2018. Clinical records were linked to the Kilifi Health and Demographic Surveillance System and population incidence rates of CHIKV infection estimated. There were 18,341 pediatric admissions for any reason during the 5-year study period, of which 4,332 (24%) had CSF collected. The most common clinical reasons for CSF collection were impaired consciousness, seizures, and coma (47%, 22%, and 21% of all collections, respectively). After acute investigations done for immediate clinical care, CSF samples were available for 3,980 admissions, of which 367 (9.2%) were CHIKV RT-PCR positive. Case fatality among CHIKV-positive children was 1.4% (95% CI 0.4, 3.2). The annual incidence of CHIKV-associated neurological disease varied between 13 to 58 episodes per 100,000 person-years among all children <16 years old. Among children aged <5 years, the incidence of CHIKV-associated neurological disease was 77 per 100,000 person-years, compared with 20 per 100,000 for cerebral malaria and 7 per 100,000 for bacterial meningitis during the study period. Because of incomplete case ascertainment due to children not presenting to hospital, or not having CSF collected, these are likely minimum estimates. Study limitations include reliance on hospital-based surveillance and limited CSF sampling in children in coma or other contraindications to lumbar puncture, both of which lead to under-ascertainment of incidence and of case fatality. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we observed that CHIKV infections are relatively more common than cerebral malaria and bacterial meningitis among children hospitalized with neurological disease in coastal Kenya. Given the wide distribution of CHIKV mosquito vectors, studies to determine the geographic extent of CHIKV-associated neurological disease in Africa are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Otiende
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Lilian Mwango
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alun Davies
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | | | - Samuel M. Thumbi
- Paul G Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Washington, United States of America
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Center for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis, Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | | | - Philip Bejon
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - George M. Warimwe
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Thompson D, Metz SW, Abad C, Beaty S, Warfield K. Immunological implications of diverse production approaches for Chikungunya virus-like particle vaccines. Vaccine 2022; 40:3009-3017. [PMID: 35459557 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus from the Alphavirus genus, causes sporadic outbreaks and epidemics and can cause acute febrile illness accompanied by severe long-term arthralgias. Over 20 CHIKV vaccine candidates have been developed over the last two decades, utilizing a wide range of vaccine platforms, including virus-like particles (VLP). A CHIKV VLP vaccine candidate is among three candidates in late-stage clinical testing and has potentially promising data in nonclinical and clinical studies exploring safety and vaccine immunogenicity. Despite the consistency of the CHIKV VLP structure, vaccine candidates vary significantly in protein sequence identity, structural protein expression cassettes and their mode of production. Here, we explore the impact of CHIKV VLP coding sequence variation and the chosen expression platform, which affect VLP expression yields, antigenicity and overall vaccine immunogenicity. Additionally, we explore the potential of the CHIKV VLP platform to be modified to elicit protection against other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Thompson
- Emergent BioSolutions Inc., 400 Professional Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20879, USA
| | - Stefan W Metz
- Emergent BioSolutions Inc., 400 Professional Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20879, USA
| | - Carmen Abad
- Emergent BioSolutions Inc., 400 Professional Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20879, USA
| | - Shannon Beaty
- Emergent BioSolutions Inc., 400 Professional Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20879, USA
| | - Kelly Warfield
- Emergent BioSolutions Inc., 400 Professional Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20879, USA.
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50
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Dutta SK, Sengupta S, Tripathi A. In silico and in vitro evaluation of silibinin: a promising anti-Chikungunya agent. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2022; 58:255-267. [PMID: 35381943 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-022-00666-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection and subsequent high patient morbidity is a global threat. The present study aimed to identify the potent antiviral agent against Chikungunya virus, with minimum in vitro cytotoxicity. CHIKV nsP4 3D structure was determined using the I-TASSER server followed by its refinement and pocket determination. Furthermore, high-throughput molecular docking was employed to identify candidate CHIKV nsP4 inhibitors in a library containing 214 compounds. The top ranked compound was evaluated further with various assays, including cytotoxicity, antiviral activity, time of drug addition, viral entry attachment, and microneutralization assays. High-throughput computational screening indicated silibinin to have the best interaction with CHIKV nsP4 protein, immature and mature glycoproteins with highest negative free binding energy, - 5.24 to - 5.86 kcal/mol, and the lowest inhibitory constant, 50.47 to 143.2 µM. Further in vitro analysis demonstrated silibinin could exhibit statistically significant (p < 0.05) dose-dependent anti-CHIKV activity within 12.5-100-µM concentrations with CC50 as 50.90 µM. In total, 50 µM silibinin interfered with both CHIKV attachment (75%) and entry (82%) to Vero cells. Time of addition assay revealed silibinin interfered with late phase of the CHIKV replication cycle. Microneutralization assay revealed that silibinin could inhibit clearing of 50% Vero cell monolayer caused by CHIKV-induced CPE at a minimum dose of 25 µM. These data indicated silibinin to be a promising candidate drug against CHIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Kumar Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, 108, C.R. Avenue, Kolkata, 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Siddhartha Sengupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, 108, C.R. Avenue, Kolkata, 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Anusri Tripathi
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, 108, C.R. Avenue, Kolkata, 700073, West Bengal, India.
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