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Ngo C, Garrec C, Tomasello E, Dalod M. The role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in immunity during viral infections and beyond. Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:1008-1035. [PMID: 38777879 PMCID: PMC11364676 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-024-01167-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Type I and III interferons (IFNs) are essential for antiviral immunity and act through two different but complimentary pathways. First, IFNs activate intracellular antimicrobial programs by triggering the upregulation of a broad repertoire of viral restriction factors. Second, IFNs activate innate and adaptive immunity. Dysregulation of IFN production can lead to severe immune system dysfunction. It is thus crucial to identify and characterize the cellular sources of IFNs, their effects, and their regulation to promote their beneficial effects and limit their detrimental effects, which can depend on the nature of the infected or diseased tissues, as we will discuss. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) can produce large amounts of all IFN subtypes during viral infection. pDCs are resistant to infection by many different viruses, thus inhibiting the immune evasion mechanisms of viruses that target IFN production or their downstream responses. Therefore, pDCs are considered essential for the control of viral infections and the establishment of protective immunity. A thorough bibliographical survey showed that, in most viral infections, despite being major IFN producers, pDCs are actually dispensable for host resistance, which is achieved by multiple IFN sources depending on the tissue. Moreover, primary innate and adaptive antiviral immune responses are only transiently affected in the absence of pDCs. More surprisingly, pDCs and their IFNs can be detrimental in some viral infections or autoimmune diseases. This makes the conservation of pDCs during vertebrate evolution an enigma and thus raises outstanding questions about their role not only in viral infections but also in other diseases and under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Ngo
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Clémence Garrec
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Elena Tomasello
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France.
| | - Marc Dalod
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France.
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2
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Gujar S, Pol JG, Kumar V, Lizarralde-Guerrero M, Konda P, Kroemer G, Bell JC. Tutorial: design, production and testing of oncolytic viruses for cancer immunotherapy. Nat Protoc 2024; 19:2540-2570. [PMID: 38769145 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-024-00985-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) represent a novel class of cancer immunotherapy agents that preferentially infect and kill cancer cells and promote protective antitumor immunity. Furthermore, OVs can be used in combination with established or upcoming immunotherapeutic agents, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors, to efficiently target a wide range of malignancies. The development of OV-based therapy involves three major steps before clinical evaluation: design, production and preclinical testing. OVs can be designed as natural or engineered strains and subsequently selected for their ability to kill a broad spectrum of cancer cells rather than normal, healthy cells. OV selection is further influenced by multiple factors, such as the availability of a specific viral platform, cancer cell permissivity, the need for genetic engineering to render the virus non-pathogenic and/or more effective and logistical considerations around the use of OVs within the laboratory or clinical setting. Selected OVs are then produced and tested for their anticancer potential by using syngeneic, xenograft or humanized preclinical models wherein immunocompromised and immunocompetent setups are used to elucidate their direct oncolytic ability as well as indirect immunotherapeutic potential in vivo. Finally, OVs demonstrating the desired anticancer potential progress toward translation in patients with cancer. This tutorial provides guidelines for the design, production and preclinical testing of OVs, emphasizing considerations specific to OV technology that determine their clinical utility as cancer immunotherapy agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Gujar
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jonathan G Pol
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, UMS AMICCa, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Vishnupriyan Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Manuela Lizarralde-Guerrero
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, UMS AMICCa, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Prathyusha Konda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guido Kroemer
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France.
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, UMS AMICCa, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.
| | - John C Bell
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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3
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Mihalić A, Železnjak J, Lisnić B, Jonjić S, Juranić Lisnić V, Brizić I. Immune surveillance of cytomegalovirus in tissues. Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:959-981. [PMID: 39134803 PMCID: PMC11364667 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-024-01186-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV), a representative member of the Betaherpesvirinae subfamily of herpesviruses, is common in the human population, but immunocompetent individuals are generally asymptomatic when infected with this virus. However, in immunocompromised individuals and immunologically immature fetuses and newborns, CMV can cause a wide range of often long-lasting morbidities and even death. CMV is not only widespread throughout the population but it is also widespread in its hosts, infecting and establishing latency in nearly all tissues and organs. Thus, understanding the pathogenesis of and immune responses to this virus is a prerequisite for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies. Multiple arms of the immune system are engaged to contain the infection, and general concepts of immune control of CMV are now reasonably well understood. Nonetheless, in recent years, tissue-specific immune responses have emerged as an essential factor for resolving CMV infection. As tissues differ in biology and function, so do immune responses to CMV and pathological processes during infection. This review discusses state-of-the-art knowledge of the immune response to CMV infection in tissues, with particular emphasis on several well-studied and most commonly affected organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mihalić
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Jelena Železnjak
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Berislav Lisnić
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Stipan Jonjić
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Vanda Juranić Lisnić
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Ilija Brizić
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.
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4
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Wang J, Dong Y, Zheng X, Ma H, Huang M, Fu D, Liu J, Yin Q. Host Factors Modulate Virus-Induced IFN Production via Pattern Recognition Receptors. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:3737-3752. [PMID: 38882189 PMCID: PMC11180453 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s455035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity is the first line of defense in the human body, and it plays an important role in defending against viral infection. Viruses are identified by different pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) that activate the mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) or transmembrane protein 173 (STING), which trigger multiple signaling cascades that cause nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) to produce inflammatory factors and interferons (IFNs). PRRs play a pivotal role as the first step in pathogen induction of interferon production. Interferon elicits antiviral activity by inducing the transcription of hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) via the janus kinase (JAK) - signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway. An increasing number of studies have shown that environmental, pathogen and host factors regulate the IFN signaling pathway. Here, we summarize the mechanisms of host factor modulation in IFN production via pattern recognition receptors. These regulatory mechanisms maintain interferon levels in a normal state and clear viruses without inducing autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yirui Dong
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuewei Zheng
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haodi Ma
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengjiao Huang
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongliao Fu
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangbo Liu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinan Yin
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People's Republic of China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Digital Pathology and Artificial Intelligence Diagnosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People's Republic of China
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5
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Alhamdan F, Bayarsaikhan G, Yuki K. Toll-like receptors and integrins crosstalk. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1403764. [PMID: 38915411 PMCID: PMC11194410 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1403764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune system recognizes invading microbes at both pathogen and antigen levels. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a key role in the first-line defense against pathogens. Major functions of TLRs include cytokine and chemokine production. TLRs share common downstream signaling pathways with other receptors. The crosstalk revolving around TLRs is rather significant and complex, underscoring the intricate nature of immune system. The profiles of produced cytokines and chemokines via TLRs can be affected by other receptors. Integrins are critical heterodimeric adhesion molecules expressed on many different cells. There are studies describing synergetic or inhibitory interplay between TLRs and integrins. Thus, we reviewed the crosstalk between TLRs and integrins. Understanding the nature of the crosstalk could allow us to modulate TLR functions via integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahd Alhamdan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Cardiac Anesthesia, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Anesthesia and Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Ganchimeg Bayarsaikhan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Cardiac Anesthesia, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Anesthesia and Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Koichi Yuki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Cardiac Anesthesia, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Anesthesia and Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
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6
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Li W, Li Y, Zhao J, Liao J, Wen W, Chen Y, Cui H. Release of damaged mitochondrial DNA: A novel factor in stimulating inflammatory response. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 258:155330. [PMID: 38733868 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a circular double-stranded genome that exists independently of the nucleus. In recent years, research on mtDNA has significantly increased, leading to a gradual increase in understanding of its physiological and pathological characteristics. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other factors can damage mtDNA. This damaged mtDNA can escape from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm or extracellular space, subsequently activating immune signaling pathways, such as NLR family pyrin domain protein 3 (NLRP3), and triggering inflammatory responses. Numerous studies have demonstrated the involvement of mtDNA damage and leakage in the pathological mechanisms underlying various diseases including infectious diseases, metabolic inflammation, and immune disorders. Consequently, comprehensive investigation of mtDNA can elucidate the pathological mechanisms underlying numerous diseases. The prevention of mtDNA damage and leakage has emerged as a novel approach to disease treatment, and mtDNA has emerged as a promising target for drug development. This article provides a comprehensive review of the mechanisms underlying mtDNA-induced inflammation, its association with various diseases, and the methods used for its detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Yuting Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of TCM Endocrinology, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan 650021, China
| | - Jiabao Liao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Weibo Wen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan 650500, China.
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of TCM Encephalopathy, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan 650021, China.
| | - Huantian Cui
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan 650500, China.
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7
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Zhang X, Li Z, Peng Q, Liu C, Wu Y, Wen Y, Zheng R, Xu C, Tian J, Zheng X, Yan Q, Wang J, Ma J. Epstein-Barr virus suppresses N 6-methyladenosine modification of TLR9 to promote immune evasion. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107226. [PMID: 38537697 PMCID: PMC11061751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human tumor virus associated with a variety of malignancies, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma, gastric cancers, and B-cell lymphomas. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications modulate a wide range of cellular processes and participate in the regulation of virus-host cell interactions. Here, we discovered that EBV infection downregulates toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) m6A modification levels and thus inhibits TLR9 expression. TLR9 has multiple m6A modification sites. Knockdown of METTL3, an m6A "writer", decreases TLR9 protein expression by inhibiting its mRNA stability. Mechanistically, Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 increases METTL3 protein degradation via K48-linked ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Additionally, YTHDF1 was identified as an m6A "reader" of TLR9, enhancing TLR9 expression by promoting mRNA translation in an m6A -dependent manner, which suggests that EBV inhibits TLR9 translation by "hijacking" host m6A modification mechanism. Using the METTL3 inhibitor STM2457 inhibits TLR9-induced B cell proliferation and immunoglobulin secretion, and opposes TLR9-induced immune responses to assist tumor cell immune escape. In clinical lymphoma samples, the expression of METTL3, YTHDF1, and TLR9 was highly correlated with immune cells infiltration. This study reveals a novel mechanism that EBV represses the important innate immunity molecule TLR9 through modulating the host m6A modification system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Zhang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhengshuo Li
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiu Peng
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Can Liu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yangge Wu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuqing Wen
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Run Zheng
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chenxiao Xu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Junrui Tian
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Qun Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Immunology, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China.
| | - Jian Ma
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Miyajima R, Tanegashima K, Naruse N, Denda M, Hara T, Otaka A. Identification of Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 1 as a CXCL14 Receptor Using Chemically Synthesized Tetrafunctional Probes. ACS Chem Biol 2024; 19:551-562. [PMID: 38289037 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
CXCL14 is a primordial CXC-type chemokine that transports CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) into endosomes and lysosomes in dendritic cells, thereby leading to the activation of the Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9)-mediated innate immune system. However, the underlying molecular mechanism by which the CXCL14-CpG ODN complex enters cells remains elusive. Herein, we describe the chemical synthesis of CXCL14-derived photoaffinity probes and their application to the identification of target receptors for CXCL14 using quantitative proteomics. By utilizing native chemical ligation and maleimide-thiol coupling chemistry, we synthesized site-specifically modified CXCL14-based photoaffinity probes that contain photoreactive 2-aryl-5-carboxytetrazole (ACT) and a hydrazine-labile cleavable linker. CXCL14-based probes were found to be capable of binding CpG ODN to immune cells, whose bioactivities were comparable to native CXCL14. Application of CXCL14-derived probes to quantitative proteomic experiments enabled the identification of dozens of target receptor candidates for CXCL14 in mouse macrophage-derived RAW264.7 cells, and we discovered that low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is a novel receptor for CXCL14 by competitive proteome profiling. We further showed that disruption of LRP1 affected the incorporation of the CXCL14-CpG ODN complex in the cells. Overall, this report highlights the power of synthetic CXCL14-derived photoaffinity probes combined with chemical proteomics to discover previously unidentified receptors for CXCL14, which could promote an understanding of the molecular functions of CXCL14 and the elaborate machinery of innate immune systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rin Miyajima
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Kosuke Tanegashima
- Stem Cell Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Naoto Naruse
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Masaya Denda
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Takahiko Hara
- Stem Cell Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Department of Biological Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Osawa, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Akira Otaka
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
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Kotov DI, Lee OV, Fattinger SA, Langner CA, Guillen JV, Peters JM, Moon A, Burd EM, Witt KC, Stetson DB, Jaye DL, Bryson BD, Vance RE. Early cellular mechanisms of type I interferon-driven susceptibility to tuberculosis. Cell 2023; 186:5536-5553.e22. [PMID: 38029747 PMCID: PMC10757650 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) causes 1.6 million deaths annually. Active tuberculosis correlates with a neutrophil-driven type I interferon (IFN) signature, but the cellular mechanisms underlying tuberculosis pathogenesis remain poorly understood. We found that interstitial macrophages (IMs) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are dominant producers of type I IFN during Mtb infection in mice and non-human primates, and pDCs localize near human Mtb granulomas. Depletion of pDCs reduces Mtb burdens, implicating pDCs in tuberculosis pathogenesis. During IFN-driven disease, we observe abundant DNA-containing neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) described to activate pDCs. Cell-type-specific disruption of the type I IFN receptor suggests that IFNs act on IMs to inhibit Mtb control. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) indicates that type I IFN-responsive cells are defective in their response to IFNγ, a cytokine critical for Mtb control. We propose that pDC-derived type I IFNs act on IMs to permit bacterial replication, driving further neutrophil recruitment and active tuberculosis disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri I Kotov
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Ophelia V Lee
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Stefan A Fattinger
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Charlotte A Langner
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jaresley V Guillen
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Joshua M Peters
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Andres Moon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Eileen M Burd
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kristen C Witt
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Daniel B Stetson
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - David L Jaye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Bryan D Bryson
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Russell E Vance
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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10
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Santosa EK, Sun JC. Cardinal features of immune memory in innate lymphocytes. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1803-1812. [PMID: 37828377 PMCID: PMC10998651 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01607-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The ability of vertebrates to 'remember' previous infections had once been attributed exclusively to adaptive immunity. We now appreciate that innate lymphocytes also possess memory properties akin to those of adaptive immune cells. In this Review, we draw parallels from T cell biology to explore the key features of immune memory in innate lymphocytes, including quantity, quality, and location. We discuss the signals that trigger clonal or clonal-like expansion in innate lymphocytes, and highlight recent studies that shed light on the complex cellular and molecular crosstalk between metabolism, epigenetics, and transcription responsible for differentiating innate lymphocyte responses towards a memory fate. Additionally, we explore emerging evidence that activated innate lymphocytes relocate and establish themselves in specific peripheral tissues during infection, which may facilitate an accelerated response program akin to those of tissue-resident memory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endi K Santosa
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph C Sun
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
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11
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Höpfinger A, Schmid A, Schweitzer L, Patz M, Weber A, Schäffler A, Karrasch T. Regulation of Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Peptide (CAMP) Gene Expression by TNFα and cfDNA in Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15820. [PMID: 37958808 PMCID: PMC10649744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the complex interactions between metabolism and the immune system ("metaflammation") is crucial for the identification of key immunomodulatory factors as potential therapeutic targets in obesity and in cardiovascular diseases. Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) is an important factor of innate immunity and is expressed in adipocytes. CAMP, therefore, might play a role as an adipokine in metaflammation and adipose inflammation. TNFα, cell-free nucleic acids (cfDNA), and toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 are components of the innate immune system and are functionally active in adipose tissue. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of TNFα and cfDNA on CAMP expression in adipocytes. Since cfDNA acts as a physiological TLR9 agonist, we additionally investigated TLR9-mediated CAMP regulation in adipocytes and adipose tissue. CAMP gene expression in murine 3T3-L1 and human SGBS adipocytes and in murine and human adipose tissues was quantified by real-time PCR. Adipocyte inflammation was induced in vitro by TNFα and cfDNA stimulation. Serum CAMP concentrations in TLR9 knockout (KO) and in wildtype mice were quantified by ELISA. In primary adipocytes of wildtype and TLR9 KO mice, CAMP gene expression was quantified by real-time PCR. CAMP gene expression was considerably increased in 3T3-L1 and SGBS adipocytes during differentiation. TNFα significantly induced CAMP gene expression in mature adipocytes, which was effectively antagonized by inhibition of PI3K signaling. Cell-free nucleic acids (cfDNA) significantly impaired CAMP gene expression, whereas synthetic agonistic and antagonistic TLR9 ligands had no effect. CAMP and TLR9 gene expression were correlated positively in murine and human subcutaneous but not in intra-abdominal/visceral adipose tissues. Male TLR9 knockout mice exhibited lower systemic CAMP concentrations than wildtype mice. CAMP gene expression levels in primary adipocytes did not significantly differ between wildtype and TLR9 KO mice. These findings suggest a regulatory role of inflammatory mediators, such as TNFα and cfDNA, in adipocytic CAMP expression as a novel putative molecular mechanism in adipose tissue innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Höpfinger
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany (A.S.); (T.K.)
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12
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Khan AUH, Ali AK, Marr B, Jo D, Ahmadvand S, Fong-McMaster C, Almutairi SM, Wang L, Sad S, Harper ME, Lee SH. The TNFα/TNFR2 axis mediates natural killer cell proliferation by promoting aerobic glycolysis. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:1140-1155. [PMID: 37553427 PMCID: PMC10541863 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01071-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are predominant innate lymphocytes that initiate the early immune response during infection. NK cells undergo a metabolic switch to fuel augmented proliferation and activation following infection. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) is a well-known inflammatory cytokine that enhances NK cell function; however, the mechanism underlying NK cell proliferation in response to TNFα is not well established. Here, we demonstrated that upon infection/inflammation, NK cells upregulate the expression of TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2), which is associated with increased proliferation, metabolic activity, and effector function. Notably, IL-18 can induce TNFR2 expression in NK cells, augmenting their sensitivity toward TNFα. Mechanistically, TNFα-TNFR2 signaling upregulates the expression of CD25 (IL-2Rα) and nutrient transporters in NK cells, leading to a metabolic switch toward aerobic glycolysis. Transcriptomic analysis revealed significantly reduced expression levels of genes involved in cellular metabolism and proliferation in NK cells from TNFR2 KO mice. Accordingly, our data affirmed that genetic ablation of TNFR2 curtails CD25 upregulation and TNFα-induced glycolysis, leading to impaired NK cell proliferation and antiviral function during MCMV infection in vivo. Collectively, our results delineate the crucial role of the TNFα-TNFR2 axis in NK cell proliferation, glycolysis, and effector function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar Ul Haq Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- The University of Ottawa Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alaa Kassim Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Bryan Marr
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Donghyeon Jo
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Simin Ahmadvand
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Claire Fong-McMaster
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Saeedah Musaed Almutairi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lisheng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- The University of Ottawa Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Subash Sad
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- The University of Ottawa Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- The University of Ottawa Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- The University of Ottawa Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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13
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Mulik S, Berber E, Sehrawat S, Rouse BT. Controlling viral inflammatory lesions by rebalancing immune response patterns. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1257192. [PMID: 37671156 PMCID: PMC10475736 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1257192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss a variety of immune modulating approaches that could be used to counteract tissue-damaging viral immunoinflammatory lesions which typify many chronic viral infections. We make the point that in several viral infections the lesions can be largely the result of one or more aspects of the host response mediating the cell and tissue damage rather than the virus itself being directly responsible. However, within the reactive inflammatory lesions along with the pro-inflammatory participants there are also other aspects of the host response that may be acting to constrain the activity of the damaging components and are contributing to resolution. This scenario should provide the prospect of rebalancing the contributions of different host responses and hence diminish or even fully control the virus-induced lesions. We identify several aspects of the host reactions that influence the pattern of immune responsiveness and describe approaches that have been used successfully, mainly in model systems, to modulate the activity of damaging participants and which has led to lesion control. We emphasize examples where such therapies are, or could be, translated for practical use in the clinic to control inflammatory lesions caused by viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Mulik
- Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Engin Berber
- Infection Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Sharvan Sehrawat
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Department of Biological Sciences, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Barry Tyrrell Rouse
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
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14
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Cao XY, Aimaier R, Yang J, Yang J, Chen ZY, Zhao JJ, Yin L, Zhang Q, You J, Zhang H, Li HR, Chen JY, Mao QC, Yang LP, Yu F, Zhao HP, Zhao HX. Effect of bacillus subtilis strain Z15 secondary metabolites on immune function in mice. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:273. [PMID: 37208602 PMCID: PMC10198031 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09313-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that secondary metabolites of Bacillus subtilis strain Z15 (BS-Z15) are effective in treating fungal infections in mice. To evaluate whether it also modulates immune function in mice to exert antifungal effects, we investigated the effect of BS-Z15 secondary metabolites on both the innate and adaptive immune functions of mice, and explored its molecular mechanism through blood transcriptome analysis. RESULTS The study showed that BS-Z15 secondary metabolites increased the number of monocytes and platelets in the blood, improved natural killer (NK) cell activity and phagocytosis of monocytes-macrophages, increased the conversion rate of lymphocytes in the spleen, the number of T lymphocytes and the antibody production capacity of mice, and increased the levels of Interferon gamma (IFN-γ), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Immunoglobulin M (IgM) in plasma. The blood transcriptome analysis revealed 608 differentially expressed genes following treatment with BS-Z15 secondary metabolites, all of which were significantly enriched in the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) terms for immune-related entries and pathways such as Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways, and upregulated expression levels of immune-related genes such as Complement 1q B chain (C1qb), Complement 4B (C4b), Tetracyclin Resistant (TCR) and Regulatory Factor X, 5 (RFX5). CONCLUSIONS BS-Z15 secondary metabolites were shown to enhance innate and adaptive immune function in mice, laying a theoretical foundation for its development and application in the field of immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Yuan Cao
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China
| | - Reyihanguli Aimaier
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhong-Yi Chen
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhao
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China
| | - Li Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia You
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China
| | - Hao-Ran Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jia-Yi Chen
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China
| | - Qing-Chen Mao
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China
| | - Li-Ping Yang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China.
| | - He-Ping Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Hui-Xin Zhao
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China.
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15
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Zhu B, Wang T, Wei X, Zhou Y, Li J. CpG DNA-triggered upregulation of TLR9 expression affects apoptosis and immune responses in human plasmacytoid dendritic cells isolated from chronic hepatitis B patients. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:330-337. [PMID: 32990473 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1822414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) were treated with cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) DNA, and cell apoptosis, signals and immune responses were measured to investigate the effects and mechanism of CpG DNA in pDCs from chronic hepatitis B patients. CpG DNA-stimulated pDCs secreted more IFN-α than the control pDCs. CpG DNA activated Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), thereby resulting in the upregulated expression of myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88), interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Furthermore, CpG DNA down-regulated apoptosis and promoted the expression of IFN-α, interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-21, IL-26 and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in pDCs. Following treatment with NF-κB inhibitor, pyrollidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), the influence of CpG DNA on pDCs was inhibited. Our results suggest that CpG DNA may directly interfere with the function of pDCs through TLR9-mediated upregulation of MyD88, IRF7 and NF-κB expression, which can partially explain the activation of pDCs in chronic hepatitis B patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhu
- Infectious Disease Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Tianbao Wang
- Infectious Disease Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wei
- Infectious Disease Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Yancai Zhou
- Infectious Disease Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Jiansheng Li
- Gastroenterology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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16
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Protasoni M, Serrano M. Targeting Mitochondria to Control Ageing and Senescence. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:352. [PMID: 36839673 PMCID: PMC9960816 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing is accompanied by a progressive impairment of cellular function and a systemic deterioration of tissues and organs, resulting in increased vulnerability to multiple diseases. Here, we review the interplay between two hallmarks of ageing, namely, mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence. The targeting of specific mitochondrial features in senescent cells has the potential of delaying or even reverting the ageing process. A deeper and more comprehensive understanding of mitochondrial biology in senescent cells is necessary to effectively face this challenge. Here, we discuss the main alterations in mitochondrial functions and structure in both ageing and cellular senescence, highlighting the differences and similarities between the two processes. Moreover, we describe the treatments available to target these pathways and speculate on possible future directions of anti-ageing and anti-senescence therapies targeting mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Protasoni
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Serrano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Cambridge Institute of Science, Altos Labs, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GP, UK
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17
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Fehri E, Ennaifer E, Bel Haj Rhouma R, Ardhaoui M, Boubaker S. TLR9 and Glioma: Friends or Foes? Cells 2022; 12:cells12010152. [PMID: 36611945 PMCID: PMC9818384 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is an intracellular innate immunity receptor that plays a vital role in chronic inflammation and in recognizing pathogenic and self-DNA in immune complexes. This activation of intracellular signaling leads to the transcription of either immune-related or malignancy genes through specific transcription factors. Thus, it has been hypothesized that TLR9 may cause glioma. This article reviews the roles of TLR9 in the pathogenesis of glioma and its related signaling molecules in either defending or promoting glioma. TLR9 mediates the invasion-induced hypoxia of brain cancer cells by the activation of matrix metalloproteinases (2, 9, and 13) in brain tissues. In contrast, the combination of the TLR9 agonist CpG ODN to radiotherapy boosts the role of T cells in antitumor effects. The TLR9 agonist CpG ODN 107 also enhances the radiosensitivity of human glioma U87 cells by blocking tumor angiogenesis. CpG enhances apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, it can enhance the antigen-presenting capacity of microglia, switch immune response toward CD8 T cells, and reduce the number of CD4CD25 Treg cells. CpG ODN shows promise as a potent immunotherapeutic drug against cancer, but specific cautions should be taken when activating TLR9, especially in the case of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emna Fehri
- HPV Unit Research, Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology Applied to Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
- Department of Human and Experimental Pathology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
- Correspondence:
| | - Emna Ennaifer
- HPV Unit Research, Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology Applied to Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
- Department of Human and Experimental Pathology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Rahima Bel Haj Rhouma
- HPV Unit Research, Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology Applied to Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Monia Ardhaoui
- HPV Unit Research, Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology Applied to Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
- Department of Human and Experimental Pathology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Samir Boubaker
- Department of Human and Experimental Pathology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
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18
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Veneziani I, Alicata C, Moretta L, Maggi E. The Latest Approach of Immunotherapy with Endosomal TLR Agonists Improving NK Cell Function: An Overview. Biomedicines 2022; 11:biomedicines11010064. [PMID: 36672572 PMCID: PMC9855813 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the most well-defined pattern recognition receptors (PRR) of several cell types recognizing pathogens and triggering innate immunity. TLRs are also expressed on tumor cells and tumor microenvironment (TME) cells, including natural killer (NK) cells. Cell surface TLRs primarily recognize extracellular ligands from bacteria and fungi, while endosomal TLRs recognize microbial DNA or RNA. TLR engagement activates intracellular pathways leading to the activation of transcription factors regulating gene expression of several inflammatory molecules. Endosomal TLR agonists may be considered as new immunotherapeutic adjuvants for dendritic cell (DC) vaccines able to improve anti-tumor immunity and cancer patient outcomes. The literature suggests that endosomal TLR agonists modify TME on murine models and human cancer (clinical trials), providing evidence that locally infused endosomal TLR agonists may delay tumor growth and induce tumor regression. Recently, our group demonstrated that CD56bright NK cell subset is selectively responsive to TLR8 engagement. Thus, TLR8 agonists (loaded or not to nanoparticles or other carriers) can be considered a novel strategy able to promote anti-tumor immunity. TLR8 agonists can be used to activate and expand in vitro circulating or intra-tumoral NK cells to be adoptively transferred into patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Veneziani
- Translational Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Alicata
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Maggi
- Translational Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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19
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Sterling KG, Dodd GK, Alhamdi S, Asimenios PG, Dagda RK, De Meirleir KL, Hudig D, Lombardi VC. Mucosal Immunity and the Gut-Microbiota-Brain-Axis in Neuroimmune Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13328. [PMID: 36362150 PMCID: PMC9655506 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have opened the door to a wellspring of information regarding the composition of the gut microbiota. Leveraging NGS technology, early metagenomic studies revealed that several diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, autism, and myalgic encephalomyelitis, are characterized by alterations in the diversity of gut-associated microbes. More recently, interest has shifted toward understanding how these microbes impact their host, with a special emphasis on their interactions with the brain. Such interactions typically occur either systemically, through the production of small molecules in the gut that are released into circulation, or through signaling via the vagus nerves which directly connect the enteric nervous system to the central nervous system. Collectively, this system of communication is now commonly referred to as the gut-microbiota-brain axis. While equally important, little attention has focused on the causes of the alterations in the composition of gut microbiota. Although several factors can contribute, mucosal immunity plays a significant role in shaping the microbiota in both healthy individuals and in association with several diseases. The purpose of this review is to provide a brief overview of the components of mucosal immunity that impact the gut microbiota and then discuss how altered immunological conditions may shape the gut microbiota and consequently affect neuroimmune diseases, using a select group of common neuroimmune diseases as examples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Griffin Kutler Dodd
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Shatha Alhamdi
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Division, Department of Pediatrics, King Abdullah Specialist Children’s Hospital, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ruben K. Dagda
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | | | - Dorothy Hudig
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Vincent C. Lombardi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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20
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Yuan H, Zhu Y, Cheng Y, Hou J, Jin F, Li M, Jia W, Cheng Z, Xing H, Liu M, Han T. BTK kinase activity is dispensable for the survival of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102555. [PMID: 36183831 PMCID: PMC9636578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors targeting Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) have revolutionized the treatment for various B-cell malignancies but are limited by acquired resistance after prolonged treatment as a result of mutations in BTK. Here, by a combination of structural modeling, in vitro assays, and deep phospho-tyrosine proteomics, we demonstrated that four clinically observed BTK mutations—C481F, C481Y, C481R, and L528W—inactivated BTK kinase activity both in vitro and in diffused large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cells. Paradoxically, we found that DLBCL cells harboring kinase-inactive BTK exhibited intact B cell receptor (BCR) signaling, unperturbed transcription, and optimal cellular growth. Moreover, we determined that DLBCL cells with kinase-inactive BTK remained addicted to BCR signaling and were thus sensitive to targeted BTK degradation by the proteolysis-targeting chimera. By performing parallel genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screening in DLBCL cells with WT or kinase-inactive BTK, we discovered that DLBCL cells with kinase-inactive BTK displayed increased dependence on Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) for their growth and/or survival. Our study demonstrates that the kinase activity of BTK is not essential for oncogenic BCR signaling and suggests that BTK’s noncatalytic function is sufficient to sustain the survival of DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yutong Zhu
- BeiGene (Beijing) Co, Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Yalong Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | - Wei Jia
- Deepkinase Co, Ltd, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Mike Liu
- BeiGene (Beijing) Co, Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Han
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China; Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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21
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Ma L, Geng J, Chen W, Qin M, Wang L, Zeng Y. Effects of TLR9/NF-κB on oxidative stress and inflammation in IPEC-J2 cells. Genes Genomics 2022; 44:1149-1158. [PMID: 35900696 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-022-01271-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is one of the most important factors affecting large-scale breeding, especially the performance of pigs. Oxidative stress plays a role by affecting various genes in pigs, which can cause serious body damage, functional degradation and reduce production performance. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Toll like receptor 9 (TLR9) pathway on IPEC-J2 cells under oxidative stress and to provide reference for the growth development of Dapulian pigs. METHODS In this study, Diquat was used as a source of oxidative stress to study the effects on Dapulian pigs by detecting relevant indicators. Then the IPEC-J2 cells were selected to verify the TLR9 signaling pathway in oxidative stress. RESULTS Compared with the control group, superoxide dismutase (SOD) in experimental group decreased significantly, malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly increased, accompanied by inflammatory reaction, and inflammatory factors were significantly increased in the experimental group. Oxidative stress model was constructed by H2O2 incubating IPEC-J2 cells. The interference and overexpression vectors of TLR9 and myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88) were constructed to detect the activity of antioxidant enzymes and related proteins. The results showed that overexpression of TLR9 enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes, decreased the secretion of inflammatory factors, and decreased the activity of MDA,reactive oxygen species (ROS); the results were opposite after TLR9 interference. This study also showed that H2O2 can activate the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway and promote the translocation of NF-κB into the nucleus. After co-transfection with TLR9 and MyD88, the results showed that TLR9 regulated the expression of NF-κB through MyD88. CONCLUSION The study showed that TLR9 pathway had a significant positive effect on antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jinhong Geng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ming Qin
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai City, 265599, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lixue Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yongqing Zeng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, 271018, Shandong Province, China.
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22
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Ding P, Tan Q, Wei Z, Chen Q, Wang C, Qi L, Wen L, Zhang C, Yao C. Toll-like receptor 9 deficiency induces osteoclastic bone loss via gut microbiota-associated systemic chronic inflammation. Bone Res 2022; 10:42. [PMID: 35624094 PMCID: PMC9142495 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-022-00210-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play pivotal roles in inflammation and provide important links between the immune and skeletal systems. Although the activation of TLRs may affect osteoclast differentiation and bone metabolism, whether and how TLRs are required for normal bone remodeling remains to be fully explored. In the current study, we show for the first time that TLR9-/- mice exhibit a low bone mass and low-grade systemic chronic inflammation, which is characterized by the expansion of CD4+ T cells and increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, including TNFα, RANKL, and IL1β. The increased levels of these cytokines significantly promote osteoclastogenesis and induce bone loss. Importantly, TLR9 deletion alters the gut microbiota, and this dysbiosis is the basis of the systemic inflammation and bone loss observed in TLR9-/- mice. Furthermore, through single-cell RNA sequencing, we identified myeloid-biased hematopoiesis in the bone marrow of TLR9-/- mice and determined that the increase in myelopoiesis, likely caused by the adaptation of hematopoietic stem cells to systemic inflammation, also contributes to inflammation-induced osteoclastogenesis and subsequent bone loss in TLR9-/- mice. Thus, our study provides novel evidence that TLR9 signaling connects the gut microbiota, immune system, and bone and is critical in maintaining the homeostasis of inflammation, hematopoiesis, and bone metabolism under normal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ding
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiyuan Tan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiaotong University affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhanying Wei
- Department of Osteoporosis and Skeletal Disorders, Shanghai Jiaotong University affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiyu Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Osteoporosis and Skeletal Disorders, Shanghai Jiaotong University affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Luyue Qi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Wen
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chen Yao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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23
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Douzandeh-Mobarrez B, Kariminik A, Kazemi Arababadi M, Kheirkhah B. TLR9 in the Human Papilloma Virus Infections: Friend or Foe? Viral Immunol 2022; 35:457-464. [PMID: 35588473 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2021.0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune system plays dual roles during human papilloma virus (HPV) infections, from defense against the virus to induction or stimulation of the HPV-related cancers. It appears that various differences within the immune-related genes and the functions of the immunological parameters of the patients are the main factors responsible for the roles played by immune system during HPV infections. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play key roles in the recognition of viruses and activation of immune responses. The molecules also can alter the target cell intracellular signaling and may participate in the transformation of the infected cells. TLR9 is the unique intracellular member of TLRs that recognize foreign DNA, including viral DNA. Thus, TLR9 may play significant roles in the defense against HPV and its related cancers. This review article discusses TLR9 antiviral and pathological roles during HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashraf Kariminik
- Department of Microbiology, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazemi Arababadi
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Babak Kheirkhah
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Baft Branch, Islamic Azad University, Baft, Iran
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24
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Yan Q, Liu X, Sun Y, Zeng W, Li Y, Zhao F, Wu K, Fan S, Zhao M, Chen J, Yi L. Swine Enteric Coronavirus: Diverse Pathogen–Host Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073953. [PMID: 35409315 PMCID: PMC8999375 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Swine enteric coronavirus (SeCoV) causes acute gastroenteritis and high mortality in newborn piglets. Since the last century, porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) have swept farms all over the world and caused substantial economic losses. In recent years, porcine delta coronavirus (PDCoV) and swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) have been emerging SeCoVs. Some of them even spread across species, which made the epidemic situation of SeCoV more complex and changeable. Recent studies have begun to reveal the complex SeCoV–host interaction mechanism in detail. This review summarizes the current advances in autophagy, apoptosis, and innate immunity induced by SeCoV infection. These complex interactions may be directly involved in viral replication or the alteration of some signal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanhui Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (K.W.); (S.F.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaodi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (K.W.); (S.F.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yawei Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (K.W.); (S.F.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Weijun Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (K.W.); (S.F.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuwan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (K.W.); (S.F.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Feifan Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (K.W.); (S.F.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Keke Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (K.W.); (S.F.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shuangqi Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (K.W.); (S.F.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Mingqiu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (K.W.); (S.F.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jinding Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (K.W.); (S.F.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (L.Y.); Tel.: +86-20-8528-8017 (J.C. & L.Y.)
| | - Lin Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (K.W.); (S.F.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (L.Y.); Tel.: +86-20-8528-8017 (J.C. & L.Y.)
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25
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Gaunt ER, Digard P. Compositional biases in RNA viruses: Causes, consequences and applications. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2022; 13:e1679. [PMID: 34155814 PMCID: PMC8420353 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
If each of the four nucleotides were represented equally in the genomes of viruses and the hosts they infect, each base would occur at a frequency of 25%. However, this is not observed in nature. Similarly, the order of nucleotides is not random (e.g., in the human genome, guanine follows cytosine at a frequency of ~0.0125, or a quarter the number of times predicted by random representation). Codon usage and codon order are also nonrandom. Furthermore, nucleotide and codon biases vary between species. Such biases have various drivers, including cellular proteins that recognize specific patterns in nucleic acids, that once triggered, induce mutations or invoke intrinsic or innate immune responses. In this review we examine the types of compositional biases identified in viral genomes and current understanding of the evolutionary mechanisms underpinning these trends. Finally, we consider the potential for large scale synonymous recoding strategies to engineer RNA virus vaccines, including those with pandemic potential, such as influenza A virus and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Virus 2. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA Evolution and Genomics > Computational Analyses of RNA RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor R. Gaunt
- Department of Infection and ImmunityThe Roslin Institute, The University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Paul Digard
- Department of Infection and ImmunityThe Roslin Institute, The University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
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26
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Ogawa Y, Kinoshita M, Kawamura T, Shimada S. Intracellular TLRs of Mast Cells in Innate and Acquired Immunity. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2022; 276:133-159. [PMID: 34505203 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) distribute to interface tissues with environment, such as skin, airway, and gut mucosa, thereby functioning as the sentinel against invading allergens and pathogens. To respond to and exclude these external substances promptly, MCs possess granules containing inflammatory mediators, including heparin, proteases, tumor necrosis factor, and histamine, and produce these mediators as a consequence of degranulation within minutes of activation. As a delayed response to external substances, MCs de novo synthesize inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines and chemokines, by sensing pathogen- and damage-associated molecular patterns through their pattern recognition receptors, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs). A substantial number of studies have reported immune responses by MCs through surface TLR signaling, particularly TLR2 and TLR4. However, less attention has been paid to immune responses through nucleic acid-recognizing intracellular TLRs. Among intracellular TLRs, human and rodent MCs express TLR3, TLR7, and TLR9, but not TLR8. Some virus infections modulate intracellular TLR expression in MCs. MC-derived mediators, such as histamine, cysteinyl leukotrienes, LL-37, and the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, have also been reported to modulate intracellular TLR expression in an autocrine and/or paracrine fashion. Synthetic ligands for intracellular TLRs and some viruses are sensed by intracellular TLRs of MCs, leading to the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines including type I interferons. These MC responses initiate and facilitate innate responses and the subsequent recruitment of additional innate effector cells. MCs also associate with the regulation of adaptive immunity. In this overview, the expression of intracellular TLRs in MCs and the recognition of pathogens, including viruses, by intracellular TLRs in MCs were critically evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youichi Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.
| | - Manao Kinoshita
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tatsuyoshi Kawamura
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Shinji Shimada
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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27
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Oleszycka E, Rodgers AM, Xu L, Moynagh PN. Dendritic Cell-Specific Role for Pellino2 as a Mediator of TLR9 Signaling Pathway. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:2325-2336. [PMID: 34588221 PMCID: PMC8525870 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination regulates immune signaling, and multiple E3 ubiquitin ligases have been studied in the context of their role in immunity. Despite this progress, the physiological roles of the Pellino E3 ubiquitin ligases, especially Pellino2, in immune regulation remain largely unknown. Accordingly, this study aimed to elucidate the role of Pellino2 in murine dendritic cells (DCs). In this study, we reveal a critical role of Pellino2 in regulation of the proinflammatory response following TLR9 stimulation. Pellino2-deficient murine DCs show impaired secretion of IL-6 and IL-12. Loss of Pellino2 does not affect TLR9-induced activation of NF-κB or MAPKs, pathways that drive expression of IL-6 and IL-12. Furthermore, DCs from Pellino2-deficient mice show impaired production of type I IFN following endosomal TLR9 activation, and it partly mediates a feed-forward loop of IFN-β that promotes IL-12 production in DCs. We also observe that Pellino2 in murine DCs is downregulated following TLR9 stimulation, and its overexpression induces upregulation of both IFN-β and IL-12, demonstrating the sufficiency of Pellino2 in driving these responses. This suggests that Pellino2 is critical for executing TLR9 signaling, with its expression being tightly regulated to prevent excessive inflammatory response. Overall, this study highlights a (to our knowledge) novel role for Pellino2 in regulating DC functions and further supports important roles for Pellino proteins in mediating and controlling immunity. Pellino2 mediates TLR9-induced cytokine production in dendritic cells. Pellino2 does not play a role in TLR9 signaling in macrophages. Pellino2 is a limiting factor for TLR9 signaling in dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Oleszycka
- Department of Biology, The Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland; and
| | - Aoife M Rodgers
- Department of Biology, The Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland; and
| | - Linan Xu
- Department of Biology, The Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland; and
| | - Paul N Moynagh
- Department of Biology, The Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland; and .,Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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28
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Li D, Zhang Y, Qiu Q, Wang J, Zhao X, Jiao B, Zhang X, Yu S, Xu P, Dan Y, Xiao X, Wang P, Liu M, Xia Z, Huang Z, Zhang R, Li J, Xie X, Zhang Y, Liu C, Liu P, Ren R. IRF8 Impacts Self-Renewal of Hematopoietic Stem Cells by Regulating TLR9 Signaling Pathway of Innate Immune Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2101031. [PMID: 34365741 PMCID: PMC8498865 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
IRF8 is a key regulator of innate immunity receptor signaling and plays diverse functions in the development of hematopoietic cells. The effects of IRF8 on hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are still unknown. Here, it is demonstrated that IRF8 deficiency results in a decreased number of long-term HSCs (LT-HSCs) in mice. However, the repopulation capacity of individual HSCs is significantly increased. Transcriptomic analysis shows that IFN-γ and IFN-α signaling is downregulated in IRF8-deficient HSCs, while their response to proinflammatory cytokines is unchanged ex vivo. Further tests show that Irf8-/- HSCs can not respond to CpG, an agonist of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) in mice, while long-term CpG stimulation increases wild-type HSC abundance and decreases their bone marrow colony-forming capacity. Mechanistically, as the primary producer of proinflammatory cytokines in response to CpG stimulation, dendritic cells has a blocked TLR9 signaling due to developmental defect in Irf8-/- mice. Macrophages remain functionally intact but severely reduce in Irf8-/- mice. In NK cells, IRF8 directly regulates the expression of Tlr9 and its deficiency leads to no increased IFNγ production upon CpG stimulation. These results indicate that IRF8 regulates HSCs, at least in part, through controlling TLR9 signaling in diverse innate immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghe Li
- Shanghai Institute of HematologyState Key Laboratory for Medical GenomicsNational Research Center for Translational MedicineInternational Center for Aging and CancerCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologyRuijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200025China
| | - Yuyin Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of HematologyState Key Laboratory for Medical GenomicsNational Research Center for Translational MedicineInternational Center for Aging and CancerCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologyRuijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200025China
| | - Qingsong Qiu
- Shanghai Institute of HematologyState Key Laboratory for Medical GenomicsNational Research Center for Translational MedicineInternational Center for Aging and CancerCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologyRuijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200025China
| | - Jinzeng Wang
- Shanghai Institute of HematologyState Key Laboratory for Medical GenomicsNational Research Center for Translational MedicineInternational Center for Aging and CancerCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologyRuijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200025China
| | - Xuemei Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of HematologyState Key Laboratory for Medical GenomicsNational Research Center for Translational MedicineInternational Center for Aging and CancerCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologyRuijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200025China
| | - Bo Jiao
- Shanghai Institute of HematologyState Key Laboratory for Medical GenomicsNational Research Center for Translational MedicineInternational Center for Aging and CancerCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologyRuijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200025China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of HematologyState Key Laboratory for Medical GenomicsNational Research Center for Translational MedicineInternational Center for Aging and CancerCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologyRuijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200025China
| | - Shanhe Yu
- Shanghai Institute of HematologyState Key Laboratory for Medical GenomicsNational Research Center for Translational MedicineInternational Center for Aging and CancerCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologyRuijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200025China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Shanghai Institute of HematologyState Key Laboratory for Medical GenomicsNational Research Center for Translational MedicineInternational Center for Aging and CancerCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologyRuijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200025China
| | - Yuqing Dan
- Shanghai Institute of HematologyState Key Laboratory for Medical GenomicsNational Research Center for Translational MedicineInternational Center for Aging and CancerCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologyRuijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200025China
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- Shanghai Institute of HematologyState Key Laboratory for Medical GenomicsNational Research Center for Translational MedicineInternational Center for Aging and CancerCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologyRuijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200025China
| | - Peihong Wang
- Shanghai Institute of HematologyState Key Laboratory for Medical GenomicsNational Research Center for Translational MedicineInternational Center for Aging and CancerCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologyRuijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200025China
| | - Mingzhu Liu
- Shanghai Institute of HematologyState Key Laboratory for Medical GenomicsNational Research Center for Translational MedicineInternational Center for Aging and CancerCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologyRuijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200025China
| | - Zhizhou Xia
- Shanghai Institute of HematologyState Key Laboratory for Medical GenomicsNational Research Center for Translational MedicineInternational Center for Aging and CancerCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologyRuijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200025China
| | - Zhangsen Huang
- Shanghai Institute of HematologyState Key Laboratory for Medical GenomicsNational Research Center for Translational MedicineInternational Center for Aging and CancerCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologyRuijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200025China
| | - Ruihong Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of HematologyState Key Laboratory for Medical GenomicsNational Research Center for Translational MedicineInternational Center for Aging and CancerCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologyRuijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200025China
| | - Jiaoyang Li
- Shanghai Institute of HematologyState Key Laboratory for Medical GenomicsNational Research Center for Translational MedicineInternational Center for Aging and CancerCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologyRuijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200025China
| | - Xi Xie
- Shanghai Institute of HematologyState Key Laboratory for Medical GenomicsNational Research Center for Translational MedicineInternational Center for Aging and CancerCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologyRuijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200025China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of HematologyState Key Laboratory for Medical GenomicsNational Research Center for Translational MedicineInternational Center for Aging and CancerCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologyRuijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200025China
| | - Chenxuan Liu
- Shanghai Institute of HematologyState Key Laboratory for Medical GenomicsNational Research Center for Translational MedicineInternational Center for Aging and CancerCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologyRuijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200025China
| | - Ping Liu
- Shanghai Institute of HematologyState Key Laboratory for Medical GenomicsNational Research Center for Translational MedicineInternational Center for Aging and CancerCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologyRuijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200025China
| | - Ruibao Ren
- Shanghai Institute of HematologyState Key Laboratory for Medical GenomicsNational Research Center for Translational MedicineInternational Center for Aging and CancerCollaborative Innovation Center of HematologyRuijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200025China
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Ghilas S, Ambrosini M, Cancel JC, Brousse C, Massé M, Lelouard H, Dalod M, Crozat K. Natural killer cells and dendritic epidermal γδ T cells orchestrate type 1 conventional DC spatiotemporal repositioning toward CD8 + T cells. iScience 2021; 24:103059. [PMID: 34568787 PMCID: PMC8449251 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful immune responses rely on a regulated delivery of the right signals to the right cells at the right time. Here we show that natural killer (NK) and dendritic epidermal γδ T cells (DETCs) use similar mechanisms to spatiotemporally orchestrate conventional type 1 dendritic cell (cDC1) functions in the spleen, skin, and its draining lymph nodes (dLNs). Upon MCMV infection in the spleen, cDC1 clusterize with activated NK cells in marginal zones. This XCR1-dependent repositioning of cDC1 toward NK cells allows contact delivery of IL-12 and IL-15/IL-15Rα by cDC1, which is critical for NK cell responses. NK cells deliver granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to cDC1, guiding their CCR7-dependent relocalization into the T cell zone. In MCMV-infected skin, XCL1-secreting DETCs promote cDC1 migration from the skin to the dLNs. This XCR1-dependent licensing of cDC1 both in the spleen and skin accelerates antiviral CD8+ T cell responses, revealing an additional mechanism through which cDC1 bridge innate and adaptive immunity. Upon viral infection in the spleen, NK cells clusterize with cDC1 in the marginal zone This XCL1/XCR1-dependent interaction allows mutual delivery of activating signals NK cell GM-CSF directs cDC1 migration to T cell zone boosting CD8+ T cell priming In the skin, DETCs contact cDC1 via XCL1/XCR1 to promote antiviral CD8+ T cell priming
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Ghilas
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Ambrosini
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Charles Cancel
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Carine Brousse
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Marion Massé
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Hugues Lelouard
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Dalod
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Karine Crozat
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
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30
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Mann-Nüttel R, Ali S, Petzsch P, Köhrer K, Alferink J, Scheu S. The transcription factor reservoir and chromatin landscape in activated plasmacytoid dendritic cells. BMC Genom Data 2021; 22:37. [PMID: 34544361 PMCID: PMC8454182 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-021-00991-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transcription factors (TFs) control gene expression by direct binding to regulatory regions of target genes but also by impacting chromatin landscapes and modulating DNA accessibility for other TFs. In recent years several TFs have been defined that control cell fate decisions and effector functions in the immune system. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are an immune cell type with the unique capacity to produce high amounts of type I interferons quickly in response to contact with viral components. Hereby, this cell type is involved in anti-infectious immune responses but also in the development of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. To date, the global TF reservoir in pDCs early after activation remains to be fully characterized. Results To fill this gap, we have performed a comprehensive analysis in naïve versus TLR9-activated murine pDCs in a time course study covering early timepoints after stimulation (2 h, 6 h, 12 h) integrating gene expression (RNA-Seq) and chromatin landscape (ATAC-Seq) studies. To unravel the biological processes underlying the changes in TF expression on a global scale gene ontology (GO) analyses were performed. We found that 70% of all genes annotated as TFs in the mouse genome (1014 out of 1636) are expressed in pDCs for at least one stimulation time point and are covering a wide range of TF classes defined by their specific DNA binding mechanisms. GO analysis revealed involvement of TLR9-induced TFs in epigenetic modulation, NFκB and JAK-STAT signaling, and protein production in the endoplasmic reticulum. pDC activation predominantly “turned on” the chromatin regions associated with TF genes. Our in silico analyses pointed at the AP-1 family of TFs as less noticed but possibly important players in these cells after activation. AP-1 family members exhibit (1) increased gene expression, (2) enhanced chromatin accessibility in their promoter region, and (3) a TF DNA binding motif that is globally enriched in genomic regions that were found more accessible in pDCs after TLR9 activation. Conclusions In this study we define the complete set of TLR9-regulated TFs in pDCs. Further, this study identifies the AP-1 family of TFs as potentially important but so far less well characterized regulators of pDC function. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12863-021-00991-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Mann-Nüttel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre, Münster, Germany.,Department of Mental Health, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Patrick Petzsch
- Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl Köhrer
- Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Judith Alferink
- Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre, Münster, Germany.,Department of Mental Health, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefanie Scheu
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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31
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Szumilas N, Corneth OBJ, Lehmann CHK, Schmitt H, Cunz S, Cullen JG, Chu T, Marosan A, Mócsai A, Benes V, Zehn D, Dudziak D, Hendriks RW, Nitschke L. Siglec-H-Deficient Mice Show Enhanced Type I IFN Responses, but Do Not Develop Autoimmunity After Influenza or LCMV Infections. Front Immunol 2021; 12:698420. [PMID: 34497606 PMCID: PMC8419311 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.698420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Siglec-H is a DAP12-associated receptor on plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and microglia. Siglec-H inhibits TLR9-induced IFN-α production by pDCs. Previously, it was found that Siglec-H-deficient mice develop a lupus-like severe autoimmune disease after persistent murine cytomegalovirus (mCMV) infection. This was due to enhanced type I interferon responses, including IFN-α. Here we examined, whether other virus infections can also induce autoimmunity in Siglec-H-deficient mice. To this end we infected Siglec-H-deficient mice with influenza virus or with Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) clone 13. With both types of viruses we did not observe induction of autoimmune disease in Siglec-H-deficient mice. This can be explained by the fact that both types of viruses are ssRNA viruses that engage TLR7, rather than TLR9. Also, Influenza causes an acute infection that is rapidly cleared and the chronicity of LCMV clone 13 may not be sufficient and may rather suppress pDC functions. Siglec-H inhibited exclusively TLR-9 driven type I interferon responses, but did not affect type II or type III interferon production by pDCs. Siglec-H-deficient pDCs showed impaired Hck expression, which is a Src-family kinase expressed in myeloid cells, and downmodulation of the chemokine receptor CCR9, that has important functions for pDCs. Accordingly, Siglec-H-deficient pDCs showed impaired migration towards the CCR9 ligand CCL25. Furthermore, autoimmune-related genes such as Klk1 and DNase1l3 are downregulated in Siglec-H-deficient pDCs as well. From these findings we conclude that Siglec-H controls TLR-9-dependent, but not TLR-7 dependent inflammatory responses after virus infections and regulates chemokine responsiveness of pDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Szumilas
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Odilia B J Corneth
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Christian H K Lehmann
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen (MICE), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Heike Schmitt
- First Department of Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Svenia Cunz
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jolie G Cullen
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Talyn Chu
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Anita Marosan
- Department of Immune Modulation, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Attila Mócsai
- Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vladimir Benes
- Genomics Core Facility, EMBL Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Zehn
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Diana Dudziak
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen (MICE), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rudi W Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lars Nitschke
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen (MICE), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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32
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Iwase R, Naruse N, Nakagawa M, Saito R, Shigenaga A, Otaka A, Hara T, Tanegashima K. Identification of Functional Domains of CXCL14 Involved in High-Affinity Binding and Intracellular Transport of CpG DNA. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:459-469. [PMID: 34261665 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Some CXC chemokines, including CXCL14, transport CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) into dendritic cells (DCs), thereby activating TLR9. The molecular basis of this noncanonical function of CXC chemokines is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the CpG ODN binding and intracellular transport activities of various CXC chemokines and partial peptides of CXCL14 in mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. CXCL14, CXCL4, and CXCL12 specifically bound CpG ODN, but CXCL12 failed to transport it into cells at low dose. CXCL14 N-terminal peptides 1-47, but not 1-40, was capable of transporting CpG ODN into the cell, resulting in an increase in cytokine production. However, both the 1-47 and 1-40 peptides bound CpG ODN. By contrast, CXCL14 peptides 13-50 did not possess CpG ODN binding capacity or transport activity. The chimeric peptides CXCL12 (1-22)-CXCL14 (13-47) bound CpG ODN but failed to transport it. These results suggest that amino acids 1-12 and 41-47 of CXCL14 are required for binding and intracellular transport of CpG ODN, respectively. We found that an anti-CXCL14 Ab blocked cell-surface binding and internalization of the CpG ODN/CXCL14 complex. On the basis of these findings, we propose that CXCL14 has two functional domains, one involved in DNA recognition and the other in internalization of CXCL14-CpG DNA complex via an unidentified CXCL14 receptor, which together are responsible for eliciting the CXCL14/CpG ODN-mediated TLR9 activation. These domains could play roles in CXCL14-related diseases such as arthritis, obesity-induced diabetes, and various types of carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Iwase
- Stem Cell Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Science, Department of Biological Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Naruse
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Shomachi, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Miho Nakagawa
- Stem Cell Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Risa Saito
- Stem Cell Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; and.,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Shigenaga
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Shomachi, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Akira Otaka
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Shomachi, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takahiko Hara
- Stem Cell Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan; .,Graduate School of Science, Department of Biological Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Kosuke Tanegashima
- Stem Cell Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan;
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33
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MyD88 is an essential regulator of NK cell-mediated clearance of MCMV infection. Mol Immunol 2021; 137:94-104. [PMID: 34242922 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The signaling adapter MyD88 is critical for immune cell activation in response to viral or bacterial pathogens via several TLRs, IL-1βR and IL-18R. However, the essential role of MyD88 during activations mediated by germline-encoded NK cell receptors (NKRs), such as Ly49H or NKG2D, has yet to be investigated. To define the NK cell-intrinsic function of MyD88, we generated a novel NK cell conditional knockout mouse for MyD88 (Myd88fl/flNcr1Cre/+). Phenotypic characterization of these mice demonstrated that MyD88 is dispensable for NK cell development and maturation. However, the MyD88-deficient NK cells exhibited significantly reduced cytotoxic potentials in vivo. In addition, the lack of MyD88 significantly reduced the NKG2D-mediated inflammatory cytokine production in vitro. Consistent with this, mice lacking MyD88 were unable to respond and clear MCMV infection. Transcriptomic analyses of splenic NK cells following MCMV infection revealed that inflammatory gene signatures were upregulated in Ly49H+. In contrast, Ly49H- NK cells have significant enrichment in G2M checkpoint genes, revealing distinct transcriptomic profiles of these subsets. Our results identify a central role for MyD88 in Ly49H-dependent gene signatures, including alterations in genes regulating proliferation in Ly49H+ NK cells. In summary, our study reveals a previously unknown function of MyD88 in Ly49H-dependent signaling and in vivo functions of NK cells.
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34
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Moya GE, Rivera PD, Dittenhafer-Reed KE. Evidence for the Role of Mitochondrial DNA Release in the Inflammatory Response in Neurological Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7030. [PMID: 34209978 PMCID: PMC8268735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are regarded as the metabolic centers of cells and are integral in many other cell processes, including the immune response. Each mitochondrion contains numerous copies of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), a small, circular, and bacterial-like DNA. In response to cellular damage or stress, mtDNA can be released from the mitochondrion and trigger immune and inflammatory responses. mtDNA release into the cytosol or bloodstream can occur as a response to hypoxia, sepsis, traumatic injury, excitatory cytotoxicity, or drastic mitochondrial membrane potential changes, some of which are hallmarks of neurodegenerative and mood disorders. Released mtDNA can mediate inflammatory responses observed in many neurological and mood disorders by driving the expression of inflammatory cytokines and the interferon response system. The current understanding of the role of mtDNA release in affective mood disorders and neurodegenerative diseases will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Phillip D. Rivera
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Hope College, Holland, MI 49423, USA;
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35
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Piersma SJ, Brizić I. Natural killer cell effector functions in antiviral defense. FEBS J 2021; 289:3982-3999. [PMID: 34125493 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells involved in the control of tumors and viral infections. They provide protection by producing cytokines and by directly lysing target cells. Both effector mechanisms have been identified to contribute to viral control, depending on the context of infection. Activation of NK cells depends on the integration of signals received by cytokine receptors and activation and inhibitory receptors recognizing ligands expressed by virus-infected cells. While the control of viral infections by NK cells is well established, the signals perceived by NK cells and how these signals integrate to mediate optimal viral control have been focus of ongoing research. Here, we discuss the current knowledge on NK cell activation and integration of signals that lead to interferon gamma production and cytotoxicity in viral infections. We review NK cell interactions with viruses, with particular focus on murine cytomegalovirus studies, which helped elucidate crucial aspects of antiviral NK cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sytse J Piersma
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ilija Brizić
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Croatia
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36
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Mulas F, Wang X, Song S, Nishanth G, Yi W, Brunn A, Larsen PK, Isermann B, Kalinke U, Barragan A, Naumann M, Deckert M, Schlüter D. The deubiquitinase OTUB1 augments NF-κB-dependent immune responses in dendritic cells in infection and inflammation by stabilizing UBC13. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:1512-1527. [PMID: 32024978 PMCID: PMC8167118 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-0362-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are indispensable for defense against pathogens but may also contribute to immunopathology. Activation of DCs upon the sensing of pathogens by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is largely mediated by pattern recognition receptor/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling and depends on the appropriate ubiquitination of the respective signaling molecules. However, the ubiquitinating and deubiquitinating enzymes involved and their interactions are only incompletely understood. Here, we reveal that the deubiquitinase OTU domain, ubiquitin aldehyde binding 1 (OTUB1) is upregulated in DCs upon murine Toxoplasma gondii infection and lipopolysaccharide challenge. Stimulation of DCs with the TLR11/12 ligand T. gondii profilin and the TLR4 ligand lipopolysaccharide induced an increase in NF-κB activation in OTUB1-competent cells, resulting in elevated interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production, which was also observed upon the specific stimulation of TLR2, TLR3, TLR7, and TLR9. Mechanistically, OTUB1 promoted NF-κB activity in DCs by K48-linked deubiquitination and stabilization of the E2-conjugating enzyme UBC13, resulting in increased K63-linked ubiquitination of IRAK1 (IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1) and TRAF6 (TNF receptor-associated factor 6). Consequently, DC-specific deletion of OTUB1 impaired the production of cytokines, in particular IL-12, by DCs over the first 2 days of T. gondii infection, resulting in the diminished production of protective interferon-γ (IFN-γ) by natural killer cells, impaired control of parasite replication, and, finally, death from chronic T. encephalitis, all of which could be prevented by low-dose IL-12 treatment in the first 3 days of infection. In contrast, impaired OTUB1-deficient DC activation and cytokine production by OTUB1-deficient DCs protected mice from lipopolysaccharide-induced immunopathology. Collectively, these findings identify OTUB1 as a potent novel regulator of DCs during infectious and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriana Mulas
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Xu Wang
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Shanshan Song
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Gopala Nishanth
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wenjing Yi
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna Brunn
- Department of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Pia-Katharina Larsen
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Berend Isermann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kalinke
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence-Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST), Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Antonio Barragan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Naumann
- Institute for Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martina Deckert
- Department of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dirk Schlüter
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence-Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST), Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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37
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Jamali A, Hu K, Sendra VG, Blanco T, Lopez MJ, Ortiz G, Qazi Y, Zheng L, Turhan A, Harris DL, Hamrah P. Characterization of Resident Corneal Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and Their Pivotal Role in Herpes Simplex Keratitis. Cell Rep 2021; 32:108099. [PMID: 32877681 PMCID: PMC7511260 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence and potential functions of resident plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in peripheral tissues is unclear. We report that pDCs constitutively populate naïve corneas and are increased during sterile injuries or acute herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) keratitis. Their local depletion leads to severe clinical disease, nerve loss, viral dissemination to the trigeminal ganglion and draining lymph nodes, and mortality, while their local adoptive transfer limits disease. pDCs are the main source of HSV-1-induced IFN-α in the corneal stroma through TLR9, and they prevent re-programming of regulatory T cells (Tregs) to effector ex-Tregs. Clinical signs of infection are observed in pDC-depleted corneas, but not in pDC-sufficient corneas, following low-dose HSV-1 inoculation, suggesting their critical role in corneal antiviral immunity. Our findings demonstrate a vital role for corneal pDCs in the control of local viral infections. Jamali et al. show that the cornea, as an immune-privileged tissue, hosts resident pDCs, which mediate immunity against HSV-1 by secreting IFN-a via TLR9 and preserving Tregs. pDCs minimize the clinical severity of HSV-1 keratitis, infiltration of immune cells, nerve damage, and viral dissemination to TG and dLNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsia Jamali
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Schepens Eye Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kai Hu
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Victor G Sendra
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Schepens Eye Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tomas Blanco
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria J Lopez
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Schepens Eye Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gustavo Ortiz
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yureeda Qazi
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lixin Zheng
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aslihan Turhan
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deshea L Harris
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Schepens Eye Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pedram Hamrah
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Schepens Eye Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Immunology, School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Cornea Service, Tufts New England Eye Center, Boston, MA, USA.
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Kveštak D, Juranić Lisnić V, Lisnić B, Tomac J, Golemac M, Brizić I, Indenbirken D, Cokarić Brdovčak M, Bernardini G, Krstanović F, Rožmanić C, Grundhoff A, Krmpotić A, Britt WJ, Jonjić S. NK/ILC1 cells mediate neuroinflammation and brain pathology following congenital CMV infection. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20201503. [PMID: 33630019 PMCID: PMC7918636 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital human cytomegalovirus (cHCMV) infection of the brain is associated with a wide range of neurocognitive sequelae. Using infection of newborn mice with mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) as a reliable model that recapitulates many aspects of cHCMV infection, including disseminated infection, CNS infection, altered neurodevelopment, and sensorineural hearing loss, we have previously shown that mitigation of inflammation prevented alterations in cerebellar development, suggesting that host inflammatory factors are key drivers of neurodevelopmental defects. Here, we show that MCMV infection causes a dramatic increase in the expression of the microglia-derived chemokines CXCL9/CXCL10, which recruit NK and ILC1 cells into the brain in a CXCR3-dependent manner. Surprisingly, brain-infiltrating innate immune cells not only were unable to control virus infection in the brain but also orchestrated pathological inflammatory responses, which lead to delays in cerebellar morphogenesis. Our results identify NK and ILC1 cells as the major mediators of immunopathology in response to virus infection in the developing CNS, which can be prevented by anti-IFN-γ antibodies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Brain/immunology
- Brain/pathology
- Brain/virology
- Chemokine CXCL10/genetics
- Chemokine CXCL10/immunology
- Chemokine CXCL10/metabolism
- Chemokine CXCL9/genetics
- Chemokine CXCL9/immunology
- Chemokine CXCL9/metabolism
- Cytomegalovirus/immunology
- Cytomegalovirus/physiology
- Cytomegalovirus Infections/immunology
- Cytomegalovirus Infections/virology
- Gene Expression Regulation/immunology
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate/immunology
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation/virology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Lymphocytes/immunology
- Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Mice, 129 Strain
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Microglia/immunology
- Microglia/metabolism
- Microglia/virology
- Receptors, CXCR3/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR3/immunology
- Receptors, CXCR3/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Kveštak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Vanda Juranić Lisnić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Berislav Lisnić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Jelena Tomac
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Mijo Golemac
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ilija Brizić
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Daniela Indenbirken
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Giovanni Bernardini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Fran Krstanović
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Carmen Rožmanić
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Adam Grundhoff
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Astrid Krmpotić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - William J. Britt
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Stipan Jonjić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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39
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Natural Killer-Dendritic Cell Interactions in Liver Cancer: Implications for Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092184. [PMID: 34062821 PMCID: PMC8124166 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The reciprocal crosstalk between dendritic cells (DCs) and natural killer (NK) cells plays a pivotal role in regulating immune defense against viruses and tumors. The Th-cell polarizing ability, cytokine-producing capacity, chemokine expression, and migration of DCs are regulated by activated NK cells. Conversely, the effector functions including lysis and cytokine production, proliferation, and migration of NK cells are influenced by close interactions with activated DCs. In this review, we explore the impact of DC–NK cell crosstalk and its therapeutic potential in immune control of liver malignances. Abstract Natural killer (NK) and dendritic cells (DCs) are innate immune cells that play a crucial role in anti-tumor immunity. NK cells kill tumor cells through direct cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion. DCs are needed for the activation of adaptive immune responses against tumor cells. Both NK cells and DCs are subdivided in several subsets endowed with specialized effector functions. Crosstalk between NK cells and DCs leads to the reciprocal control of their activation and polarization of immune responses. In this review, we describe the role of NK cells and DCs in liver cancer, focusing on the mechanisms involved in their reciprocal control and activation. In this context, intrahepatic NK cells and DCs present unique immunological features, due to the constant exposure to non-self-circulating antigens. These interactions might play a fundamental role in the pathology of primary liver cancer, namely hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Additionally, the implications of these immune changes are relevant from the perspective of improving the cancer immunotherapy strategies in HCC and ICC patients.
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Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that provide critical host defense against pathogens and cancer. Originally heralded for their early and rapid effector activity, NK cells have been recognized over the last decade for their ability to undergo adaptive immune processes, including antigen-driven clonal expansion and generation of long-lived memory. This review presents an overview of how NK cells lithely partake in both innate and adaptive responses and how this versatility is manifest in human NK cell-mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana M Mujal
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Rebecca B Delconte
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Joseph C Sun
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; .,Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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41
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Caldarale F, Giacomelli M, Garrafa E, Tamassia N, Morreale A, Poli P, Timpano S, Baresi G, Zunica F, Cattalini M, Moratto D, Chiarini M, Cannizzo ES, Marchetti G, Cassatella MA, Taddio A, Tommasini A, Badolato R. Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Depletion and Elevation of IFN-γ Dependent Chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10 in Children With Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome. Front Immunol 2021; 12:654587. [PMID: 33841438 PMCID: PMC8033149 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.654587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2 occurs in the majority of children as COVID-19, without symptoms or with a paucisymptomatic respiratory syndrome, but a small proportion of children develop the systemic Multi Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C), characterized by persistent fever and systemic hyperinflammation, with some clinical features resembling Kawasaki Disease (KD). Objective With this study we aimed to shed new light on the pathogenesis of these two SARS-CoV-2-related clinical manifestations. Methods We investigated lymphocyte and dendritic cells subsets, chemokine/cytokine profiles and evaluated the neutrophil activity mediators, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and reactive oxygen species (ROS), in 10 children with COVID-19 and 9 with MIS-C at the time of hospital admission. Results Patients with MIS-C showed higher plasma levels of C reactive protein (CRP), MPO, IL-6, and of the pro-inflammatory chemokines CXCL8 and CCL2 than COVID-19 children. In addition, they displayed higher levels of the chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10, mainly induced by IFN-γ. By contrast, we detected IFN-α in plasma of children with COVID-19, but not in patients with MIS-C. This observation was consistent with the increase of ISG15 and IFIT1 mRNAs in cells of COVID-19 patients, while ISG15 and IFIT1 mRNA were detected in MIS-C at levels comparable to healthy controls. Moreover, quantification of the number of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), which constitute the main source of IFN-α, showed profound depletion of this subset in MIS-C, but not in COVID-19. Conclusions Our results show a pattern of immune response which is suggestive of type I interferon activation in COVID-19 children, probably related to a recent interaction with the virus, while in MIS-C the immune response is characterized by elevation of the inflammatory cytokines/chemokines IL-6, CCL2, and CXCL8 and of the chemokines CXCL9 and CXL10, which are markers of an active Th1 type immune response. We believe that these immunological events, together with neutrophil activation, might be crucial in inducing the multisystem and cardiovascular damage observed in MIS-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Caldarale
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- ”Angelo Nocivelli” Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mauro Giacomelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- ”Angelo Nocivelli” Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Emirena Garrafa
- Department of Molecular and translational Medicin and Clinical Chemistry Laboratory ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Nicola Tamassia
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessia Morreale
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- ”Angelo Nocivelli” Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Piercarlo Poli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- ”Angelo Nocivelli” Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Silviana Timpano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- ”Angelo Nocivelli” Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giulia Baresi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- ”Angelo Nocivelli” Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Fiammetta Zunica
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- ”Angelo Nocivelli” Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Cattalini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- ”Angelo Nocivelli” Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniele Moratto
- Flow Cytometry & Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Chiarini
- Flow Cytometry & Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elvira Stefania Cannizzo
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Marchetti
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Taddio
- Pediatric Department, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Raffaele Badolato
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- ”Angelo Nocivelli” Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
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Feng E, Balint E, Poznanski SM, Ashkar AA, Loeb M. Aging and Interferons: Impacts on Inflammation and Viral Disease Outcomes. Cells 2021; 10:708. [PMID: 33806810 PMCID: PMC8004738 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As highlighted by the COVID-19 global pandemic, elderly individuals comprise the majority of cases of severe viral infection outcomes and death. A combined inability to control viral replication and exacerbated inflammatory immune activation in elderly patients causes irreparable immune-mediated tissue pathology in response to infection. Key to these responses are type I, II, and III interferons (IFNs), which are involved in inducing an antiviral response, as well as controlling and suppressing inflammation and immunopathology. IFNs support monocyte/macrophage-stimulated immune responses that clear infection and promote their immunosuppressive functions that prevent excess inflammation and immune-mediated pathology. The timing and magnitude of IFN responses to infection are critical towards their immunoregulatory functions and ability to prevent immunopathology. Aging is associated with multiple defects in the ability of macrophages and dendritic cells to produce IFNs in response to viral infection, leading to a dysregulation of inflammatory immune responses. Understanding the implications of aging on IFN-regulated inflammation will give critical insights on how to treat and prevent severe infection in vulnerable individuals. In this review, we describe the causes of impaired IFN production in aging, and the evidence to suggest that these impairments impact the regulation of the innate and adaptive immune response to infection, thereby causing disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ali A. Ashkar
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; (E.F.); (E.B.); (S.M.P.); (M.L.)
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43
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Pinto A, Rega A, Crother TR, Sorrentino R. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells and their therapeutic activity in cancer. Oncoimmunology 2021; 1:726-734. [PMID: 22934264 PMCID: PMC3429576 DOI: 10.4161/onci.20171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade several studies provided evidence that plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) infiltrate human neoplasms with poor prognosis. However, the role of tumor-associated pDCs remains controversial. Various studies indicate that pDCs play an immuno-suppressive role and facilitate tumor progression in both animal models and humans. In contrast, others found that the presence of activated tumor-associated pDCs results in tumor regression in mice. Given these findings, understanding pDC function in tumor biology is an important necessity and may pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies to fight malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Pinto
- Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences Department (FARMABIOMED); University of Salerno; Fisciano, Italy
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44
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Zheng W, Xu Q, Zhang Y, E X, Gao W, Zhang M, Zhai W, Rajkumar RS, Liu Z. Toll-like receptor-mediated innate immunity against herpesviridae infection: a current perspective on viral infection signaling pathways. Virol J 2020; 17:192. [PMID: 33298111 PMCID: PMC7726878 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01463-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the past decades, researchers have demonstrated the critical role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the innate immune system. They recognize viral components and trigger immune signal cascades to subsequently promote the activation of the immune system. Main body Herpesviridae family members trigger TLRs to elicit cytokines in the process of infection to activate antiviral innate immune responses in host cells. This review aims to clarify the role of TLRs in the innate immunity defense against herpesviridae, and systematically describes the processes of TLR actions and herpesviridae recognition as well as the signal transduction pathways involved. Conclusions Future studies of the interactions between TLRs and herpesviridae infections, especially the subsequent signaling pathways, will not only contribute to the planning of effective antiviral therapies but also provide new molecular targets for the development of antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Zheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Qing Xu
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Yiyuan Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Xiaofei E
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Wei Gao
- Key Lab for Immunology in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Mogen Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Weijie Zhai
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | | | - Zhijun Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.
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Xu Q, Tang Y, Huang G. Innate immune responses in RNA viral infection. Front Med 2020; 15:333-346. [PMID: 33263837 PMCID: PMC7862985 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-020-0776-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
RNA viruses cause a multitude of human diseases, including several pandemic events in the past century. Upon viral invasion, the innate immune system responds rapidly and plays a key role in activating the adaptive immune system. In the innate immune system, the interactions between pathogen-associated molecular patterns and host pattern recognition receptors activate multiple signaling pathways in immune cells and induce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and interferons to elicit antiviral responses. Macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells are the principal innate immune components that exert antiviral activities. In this review, the current understanding of innate immunity contributing to the restriction of RNA viral infections was briefly summarized. Besides the main role of immune cells in combating viral infection, the intercellular transfer of pathogen and host-derived materials and their epigenetic and metabolic interactions associated with innate immunity was discussed. This knowledge provides an enhanced understanding of the innate immune response to RNA viral infections in general and aids in the preparation for the existing and next emerging viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- Divisions of Pathology and Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.,Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yuting Tang
- Divisions of Pathology and Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Gang Huang
- Divisions of Pathology and Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
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Carty M, Guy C, Bowie AG. Detection of Viral Infections by Innate Immunity. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 183:114316. [PMID: 33152343 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and inflammasomes are a key part of the anti-viral innate immune system as they detect conserved viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). A successful host response to viral infections critically depend on the initial activation of PRRs by viruses, mainly by viral DNA and RNA. The signalling pathways activated by PRRs leads to the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, to recruit immune cells, and type I and type III interferons which leads to the induction of interferon stimulated genes (ISG), powerful virus restriction factors that establish the "antiviral state". Inflammasomes contribute to anti-viral responses through the maturation of interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-18 and through triggering pyroptotic cell death. The activity of the innate immune system along with the adaptive immune response normally leads to successful virus elimination, although disproportionate innate responses contribute to viral pathology. In this review we will discuss recent insights into the influence of PRR activation and inflammasomes on viral infections and what this means for the mammalian host. We will also comment on how specific PRRs and inflammasomes may be relevant to how SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the current COVID-19 pandemic, interacts with host innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Carty
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Coralie Guy
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Andrew G Bowie
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Hossam N, Matboli M, Shehata HH, Aboelhussein MM, Hassan MK, Eissa S. Toll-like receptor immune modulatory role in personalized management of colorectal cancer, review of literature. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2020.1816136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nourhan Hossam
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Matboli
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan H. Shehata
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa M. Aboelhussein
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Kamel Hassan
- Zewail city for science and Technology, Helmy Institute for medical science, Center for Genomics, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Biology/Zoology, Biotechnology Program, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Sanaa Eissa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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48
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Han J, Li X, Luo X, He J, Huang X, Zhou Q, Han Y, Jie H, Zhuang J, Li Y, Yang F, Zhai Z, Wu S, He Y, Yang B, Sun E. The mechanisms of hydroxychloroquine in rheumatoid arthritis treatment: Inhibition of dendritic cell functions via Toll like receptor 9 signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110848. [PMID: 33049581 PMCID: PMC7547638 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
HCQ efficiently inhibited DC phenotypic and functional maturation stimulated by serum from RA patients. HCQ prevented progression of arthritis by inhibiting DC maturation and migration from peripheral blood to LNs. HCQ inhibited CpG ODN 1826-activated BMDC maturation and migration. The effect of HCQ on DCs was related to the block in TLR9 signaling. The development of arthritis was impaired in TLR9−/− mice.
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is one of the most commonly prescribed immune-suppressants in treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Our previous research showed that HCQ suppressed RA development by inhibiting T follicular helper (Tfh) cells directly. Dendritic cells (DCs) serve as the link between innate and acquired immunity. Whether HCQ suppressed Tfh cell through DCs was not clear. In current study, we found that HCQ efficiently inhibited CD86, chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4) expression and interferon-α (IFN-α) secretion of healthy donor derived purified DCs stimulated by RA patient serum. To mimic RA, collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model was used and treated with HCQ daily for fifty-four days prior to sacrifice. We found HCQ inhibited DC maturation and migration to lymph nodes (LNs), manifested as down-regulated expression of CD40, CD80, CD86, MHCII (I-Aq) on LN DCs. In addition, HCQ reduced the level of chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) and L-selectin on peripheral blood DCs and diminished percentage of LN DCs. Of note, HCQ only inhibited CpG ODN 1826-induced IL-12 secretion by bone marrow DCs (BMDCs) stimulated by various toll like receptor (TLR) agonists. Mechanistically, HCQ down-regulated the expression of TLR9 not only in healthy donor PBMC-derived DCs stimulated by RA patient serum, but also in LN DCs of CIA mice and CpG-activated BMDCs. Furthermore, arthritis scores in TLR9−/− mice were much lower than that in wild type mice with impaired maturity and migration capability of DCs. Collectively, activation of DCs contributes to the pathogenesis of RA and HCQ shows protective effects on RA by inhibition of DC activation via blocking TLR9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaochan Han
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, Guangdong, China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqing Luo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan He
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuechan Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingyou Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanping Han
- Clinical Lab, Hospital of South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Jie
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Zhuang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yehao Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fangyuan Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zeqing Zhai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shufan Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi He
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, Guangdong, China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Erwei Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, Guangdong, China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Murine cytomegaloviruses m139 targets DDX3 to curtail interferon production and promote viral replication. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008546. [PMID: 33031466 PMCID: PMC7575108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytomegaloviruses (CMV) infect many different cell types and tissues in their respective hosts. Monocytes and macrophages play an important role in CMV dissemination from the site of infection to target organs. Moreover, macrophages are specialized in pathogen sensing and respond to infection by secreting cytokines and interferons. In murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV), a model for human cytomegalovirus, several genes required for efficient replication in macrophages have been identified, but their specific functions remain poorly understood. Here we show that MCMV m139, a gene of the conserved US22 gene family, encodes a protein that interacts with the DEAD box helicase DDX3, a protein involved in pathogen sensing and interferon (IFN) induction, and the E3 ubiquitin ligase UBR5. DDX3 and UBR5 also participate in the transcription, processing, and translation of a subset of cellular mRNAs. We show that m139 inhibits DDX3-mediated IFN-α and IFN-β induction and is necessary for efficient viral replication in bone-marrow derived macrophages. In vivo, m139 is crucial for viral dissemination to local lymph nodes and to the salivary glands. An m139-deficient MCMV also replicated to lower titers in SVEC4-10 endothelial cells. This replication defect was not accompanied by increased IFN-β transcription, but was rescued by knockout of either DDX3 or UBR5. Moreover, m139 co-localized with DDX3 and UBR5 in viral replication compartments in the cell nucleus. These results suggest that m139 inhibits DDX3-mediated IFN production in macrophages and antagonizes DDX3 and UBR5-dependent functions related to RNA metabolism in endothelial cells. Human cytomegalovirus is an opportunistic pathogen that causes severe infections in immunocompromised individuals. The virus infects certain cell types, such as macrophages and endothelial cells, to ensure its dissemination within the body. Little is known about the viral factors that promote a productive infection of these cell types. The identification of critical viral factors and the molecular pathways they target can lead to the development of novel antiviral treatment strategies. Using the mouse cytomegalovirus as a model, we studied the viral m139 gene, which is important for virus replication in macrophages and endothelial cells and for dissemination in the mouse. This gene encodes a protein that interacts with the host proteins DDX3 and UBR5. Both proteins are involved in gene expression, and the RNA helicase DDX3 also participates in mounting an innate antiviral response. By interacting with DDX3 and UBR5, m139 ensures efficient viral replication in endothelial cells. Importantly, we identify m139 as a new viral DDX3 inhibitor, which curtails the production of interferon by macrophages.
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Kardani K, Bolhassani A, Namvar A. An overview of in silico vaccine design against different pathogens and cancer. Expert Rev Vaccines 2020; 19:699-726. [PMID: 32648830 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2020.1794832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Due to overcome the hardness of the vaccine design, computational vaccinology is emerging widely. Prediction of T cell and B cell epitopes, antigen processing analysis, antigenicity analysis, population coverage, conservancy analysis, allergenicity assessment, toxicity prediction, and protein-peptide docking are important steps in the process of designing and developing potent vaccines against various viruses and cancers. In order to perform all of the analyses, several bioinformatics tools and online web servers have been developed. Scientists must take the decision to apply more suitable and precise servers for each part based on their accuracy. AREAS COVERED In this review, a wide-range list of different bioinformatics tools and online web servers has been provided. Moreover, some studies were proposed to show the importance of various bioinformatics tools for predicting and developing efficient vaccines against different pathogens including viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi as well as cancer. EXPERT OPINION Immunoinformatics is the best way to find potential vaccine candidates against different pathogens. Thus, the selection of the most accurate tools is necessary to predict and develop potent preventive and therapeutic vaccines. To further evaluation of the computational and in silico vaccine design, in vitro/in vivo analyses are required to develop vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimia Kardani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.,Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Bolhassani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Namvar
- Iranian Comprehensive Hemophilia Care Center , Tehran, Iran
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