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Xing Q, Chang D, Xie S, Zhao X, Zhang H, Wang X, Bai X, Dong C. BCL6 is required for the thymic development of TCRαβ +CD8αα + intraepithelial lymphocyte lineage. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadk4348. [PMID: 38335269 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adk4348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
TCRαβ+CD8αα+ intraepithelial lymphocytes (CD8αα+ αβ IELs) are a specialized subset of T cells in the gut epithelium that develop from thymic agonist selected IEL precursors (IELps). The molecular mechanisms underlying the selection and differentiation of this T cell type in the thymus are largely unknown. Here, we found that Bcl6 deficiency in αβ T cells resulted in the near absence of CD8αα+ αβ IELs. BCL6 was expressed by approximately 50% of CD8αα+ αβ IELs and by the majority of thymic PD1+ IELps after agonist selection. Bcl6 deficiency blocked early IELp generation in the thymus, and its expression in IELps was induced by thymic TCR signaling in an ERK-dependent manner. As a result of Bcl6 deficiency, the precursors of IELps among CD4+CD8+ double-positive thymocytes exhibited increased apoptosis during agonist selection and impaired IELp differentiation and maturation. Together, our results elucidate BCL6 as a crucial transcription factor during the thymic development of CD8αα+ αβ IELs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xing
- Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine-affiliated Renji Hospital, Shanghai 200127, China
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dehui Chang
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shiyuan Xie
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, Peking University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhao
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaohu Wang
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chen Dong
- Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine-affiliated Renji Hospital, Shanghai 200127, China
- Research Unit of Immune Regulation and Immune Diseases of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine-Affiliated Renji Hospital, Shanghai 200127, China
- Westlake University School of Medicine-affiliated Hangzhou First Hospital, Hangzhou 310024, China
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2
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Cho D, Lee HM, Kim JA, Song JG, Hwang SH, Lee B, Park J, Tran KM, Kim J, Vo PNL, Bae J, Pimt T, Lee K, Gsponer J, Kim HW, Na D. Autoinhibited Protein Database: a curated database of autoinhibitory domains and their autoinhibition mechanisms. Database (Oxford) 2024; 2024:baae085. [PMID: 39192607 DOI: 10.1093/database/baae085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Autoinhibition, a crucial allosteric self-regulation mechanism in cell signaling, ensures signal propagation exclusively in the presence of specific molecular inputs. The heightened focus on autoinhibited proteins stems from their implication in human diseases, positioning them as potential causal factors or therapeutic targets. However, the absence of a comprehensive knowledgebase impedes a thorough understanding of their roles and applications in drug discovery. Addressing this gap, we introduce Autoinhibited Protein Database (AiPD), a curated database standardizing information on autoinhibited proteins. AiPD encompasses details on autoinhibitory domains (AIDs), their targets, regulatory mechanisms, experimental validation methods, and implications in diseases, including associated mutations and post-translational modifications. AiPD comprises 698 AIDs from 532 experimentally characterized autoinhibited proteins and 2695 AIDs from their 2096 homologs, which were retrieved from 864 published articles. AiPD also includes 42 520 AIDs of computationally predicted autoinhibited proteins. In addition, AiPD facilitates users in investigating potential AIDs within a query sequence through comparisons with documented autoinhibited proteins. As the inaugural autoinhibited protein repository, AiPD significantly aids researchers studying autoinhibition mechanisms and their alterations in human diseases. It is equally valuable for developing computational models, analyzing allosteric protein regulation, predicting new drug targets, and understanding intervention mechanisms AiPD serves as a valuable resource for diverse researchers, contributing to the understanding and manipulation of autoinhibition in cellular processes. Database URL: http://ssbio.cau.ac.kr/databases/AiPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daeahn Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Hyang-Mi Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Ji Ah Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Jae Gwang Song
- Department of Bio-integrated Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hee Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Bomi Lee
- Department of Bio-integrated Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsil Park
- Department of Bio-integrated Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Kha Mong Tran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Jiwon Kim
- Department of Bio-integrated Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Phuong Ngoc Lam Vo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Jooeun Bae
- Department of Bio-integrated Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Teerapat Pimt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Kangseok Lee
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jörg Gsponer
- Center for High-Throughput Biology, University of British Columbia, 2125 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Hyung Wook Kim
- Department of Bio-integrated Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Dokyun Na
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
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3
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Bosso G, Cintra Herpst AC, Laguía O, Adetchessi S, Serrano R, Blasco MA. Differential contribution for ERK1 and ERK2 kinases in BRAF V600E-triggered phenotypes in adult mouse models. Cell Death Differ 2024; 31:804-819. [PMID: 38698060 PMCID: PMC11165013 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-024-01300-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The BRAF gene is mutated in a plethora of human cancers. The majority of such molecular lesions result in the expression of a constitutively active BRAF variant (BRAFV600E) which continuously bolsters cell proliferation. Although we recently addressed the early effects triggered by BRAFV600E-activation, the specific contribution of ERK1 and ERK2 in BRAFV600E-driven responses in vivo has never been explored. Here we describe the first murine model suitable for genetically dissecting the ERK1/ERK2 impact in multiple phenotypes induced by ubiquitous BRAFV600E-expression. We unveil that ERK1 is dispensable for BRAFV600E-dependent lifespan shortening and for BRAFV600E-driven tumor growth. We show that BRAFV600E-expression provokes an ERK1-independent lymphocyte depletion which does not rely on p21CIP1-induced cell cycle arrest and is unresponsive to ERK-chemical inhibition. Moreover, we also reveal that ERK1 is dispensable for BRAFV600E-triggered cytotoxicity in lungs and that ERK-chemical inhibition abrogates some of these detrimental effects, such as DNA damage, in Club cells but not in pulmonary lymphocytes. Our data suggest that ERK1/ERK2 contribution to BRAFV600E-driven phenotypes is dynamic and varies dependently on cell type, the biological function, and the level of ERK-pathway activation. Our findings also provide useful insights into the comprehension of BRAFV600E-driven malignancies pathophysiology as well as the consequences in vivo of novel ERK pathway-targeted anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Bosso
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, E-28029, Spain
| | - Ana Carolina Cintra Herpst
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, E-28029, Spain
| | - Oscar Laguía
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, E-28029, Spain
| | - Sarah Adetchessi
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, E-28029, Spain
| | - Rosa Serrano
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, E-28029, Spain
| | - Maria A Blasco
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, E-28029, Spain.
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Singh B, Pahuja I, Yadav P, Shaji A, Chaturvedi S, Ranganathan A, Dwivedi VP, Das G. Adjunct Therapy With All-trans-Retinoic Acid Improves Therapeutic Efficacy Through Immunomodulation While Treating Tuberculosis With Antibiotics in Mice. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:1509-1518. [PMID: 37863472 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is the second leading infectious killer after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Standard antitubercular drugs exhibit various limitations like toxicity, long treatment regimens, and lack of effect against dormant and drug-resistant organisms. Here, we report that all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) improves Mycobacterium tuberculosis clearance in mice during treatment with the antitubercular drug isoniazid. Interestingly, ATRA promoted activities of lysosomes and mitochondria, and production of various inflammatory mediators in macrophages. Furthermore, ATRA upregulated the expression of genes of lipid metabolism pathways in macrophages. We demonstrated that ATRA activated the MEK/ERK pathway in macrophages in vitro and MEK/ERK and p38 MAPK pathways in mice. Finally, ATRA induced both Th1 and Th17 responses in lungs and spleens of M. tuberculosis-infected mice. Together, these data indicate that ATRA provides beneficial adjunct therapeutic value by modulating MEK/ERK and p38 MAPK pathways and thus warrants further testing for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baldeep Singh
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Isha Pahuja
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Priyanka Yadav
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Aishwarya Shaji
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivam Chaturvedi
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Anand Ranganathan
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Ved Prakash Dwivedi
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Gobardhan Das
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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5
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de Sauvage MA, Torrini C, Nieblas-Bedolla E, Summers EJ, Sullivan E, Zhang BS, Batchelor E, Marion B, Yamazawa E, Markson SC, Wakimoto H, Nayyar N, Brastianos PK. The ERK inhibitor LY3214996 augments anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in preclinical mouse models of BRAFV600E melanoma brain metastasis. Neuro Oncol 2024; 26:889-901. [PMID: 38134951 PMCID: PMC11066918 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionized cancer treatment; however, only a subset of patients with brain metastasis (BM) respond to ICI. Activating mutations in the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway are frequent in BM. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether therapeutic inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) can improve the efficacy of ICI for BM. METHODS We used immunotypical mouse models of BM bearing dual extracranial/intracranial tumors to evaluate the efficacy of single-agent and dual-agent treatment with selective ERK inhibitor LY3214996 (LY321) and anti-programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) antibody. We verified target inhibition and drug delivery, then investigated treatment effects on T-cell response and tumor-immune microenvironment using high-parameter flow cytometry, multiplex immunoassays, and T-cell receptor profiling. RESULTS We found that dual treatment with LY321 and anti-PD-1 significantly improved overall survival in 2 BRAFV600E-mutant murine melanoma models but not in KRAS-mutant murine lung adenocarcinoma. We demonstrate that although LY321 has limited blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, combined LY321 and anti-PD-1 therapy increases tumor-infiltrating CD8+ effector T cells, broadens the T-cell receptor repertoire in the extracranial tumor, enriches T-cell clones shared by the periphery and brain, and reduces immunosuppressive cytokines and cell populations in tumors. CONCLUSIONS Despite the limited BBB permeability of LY321, combined LY321 and anti-PD-1 treatment can improve intracranial disease control by amplifying extracranial immune responses, highlighting the role of extracranial tumors in driving intracranial response to treatment. Combined ERK and PD-1 inhibition is a promising therapeutic approach, worthy of further investigation for patients with melanoma BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali A de Sauvage
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Consuelo Torrini
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Edwin Nieblas-Bedolla
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Summers
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emily Sullivan
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Britney S Zhang
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emily Batchelor
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Braxton Marion
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erika Yamazawa
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samuel C Markson
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Naema Nayyar
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Priscilla K Brastianos
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital. Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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6
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Zhang S, Yu Q, Li Z, Zhao Y, Sun Y. Protein neddylation and its role in health and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:85. [PMID: 38575611 PMCID: PMC10995212 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01800-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
NEDD8 (Neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated protein 8) is an ubiquitin-like protein that is covalently attached to a lysine residue of a protein substrate through a process known as neddylation, catalyzed by the enzyme cascade, namely NEDD8 activating enzyme (E1), NEDD8 conjugating enzyme (E2), and NEDD8 ligase (E3). The substrates of neddylation are categorized into cullins and non-cullin proteins. Neddylation of cullins activates CRLs (cullin RING ligases), the largest family of E3 ligases, whereas neddylation of non-cullin substrates alters their stability and activity, as well as subcellular localization. Significantly, the neddylation pathway and/or many neddylation substrates are abnormally activated or over-expressed in various human diseases, such as metabolic disorders, liver dysfunction, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancers, among others. Thus, targeting neddylation becomes an attractive strategy for the treatment of these diseases. In this review, we first provide a general introduction on the neddylation cascade, its biochemical process and regulation, and the crystal structures of neddylation enzymes in complex with cullin substrates; then discuss how neddylation governs various key biological processes via the modification of cullins and non-cullin substrates. We further review the literature data on dysregulated neddylation in several human diseases, particularly cancer, followed by an outline of current efforts in the discovery of small molecule inhibitors of neddylation as a promising therapeutic approach. Finally, few perspectives were proposed for extensive future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhen Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, China
- Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310022, China
| | - Zhijian Li
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Yongchao Zhao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China.
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China.
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, 310029, China.
| | - Yi Sun
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China.
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China.
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, 310029, China.
- Leading Innovative and Entrepreneur Team Introduction Program of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
- Research Center for Life Science and Human Health, Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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7
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Ghatpande N, Harrer A, Azoulay-Botzer B, Guttmann-Raviv N, Bhushan S, Meinhardt A, Meyron-Holtz EG. Iron regulatory proteins 1 and 2 have opposing roles in regulating inflammation in bacterial orchitis. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e175845. [PMID: 38301068 PMCID: PMC11143929 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.175845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute bacterial orchitis (AO) is a prevalent cause of intrascrotal inflammation, often resulting in sub- or infertility. A frequent cause eliciting AO is uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), a gram negative pathovar, characterized by the expression of various iron acquisition systems to survive in a low-iron environment. On the host side, iron is tightly regulated by iron regulatory proteins 1 and 2 (IRP1 and -2) and these factors are reported to play a role in testicular and immune cell function; however, their precise role remains unclear. Here, we showed in a mouse model of UPEC-induced orchitis that the absence of IRP1 results in less testicular damage and a reduced immune response. Compared with infected wild-type (WT) mice, testes of UPEC-infected Irp1-/- mice showed impaired ERK signaling. Conversely, IRP2 deletion led to a stronger inflammatory response. Notably, differences in immune cell infiltrations were observed among the different genotypes. In contrast with WT and Irp2-/- mice, no increase in monocytes and neutrophils was detected in testes of Irp1-/- mice upon UPEC infection. Interestingly, in Irp1-/- UPEC-infected testes, we observed an increase in a subpopulation of macrophages (F4/80+CD206+) associated with antiinflammatory and wound-healing activities compared with WT. These findings suggest that IRP1 deletion may protect against UPEC-induced inflammation by modulating ERK signaling and dampening the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Ghatpande
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, Israel
| | - Aileen Harrer
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Unit of Reproductive Biology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Bar Azoulay-Botzer
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, Israel
| | - Noga Guttmann-Raviv
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sudhanshu Bhushan
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Unit of Reproductive Biology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Meinhardt
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Unit of Reproductive Biology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Esther G. Meyron-Holtz
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, Israel
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8
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Ng GYQ, Loh ZWL, Fann DY, Mallilankaraman K, Arumugam TV, Hande MP. Role of Mitogen-Activated Protein (MAP) Kinase Pathways in Metabolic Diseases. Genome Integr 2024; 15:e20230003. [PMID: 38770527 PMCID: PMC11102075 DOI: 10.14293/genint.14.1.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Physiological processes that govern the normal functioning of mammalian cells are regulated by a myriad of signalling pathways. Mammalian mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases constitute one of the major signalling arms and have been broadly classified into four groups that include extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38, and ERK5. Each signalling cascade is governed by a wide array of external and cellular stimuli, which play a critical part in mammalian cells in the regulation of various key responses, such as mitogenic growth, differentiation, stress responses, as well as inflammation. This evolutionarily conserved MAP kinase signalling arm is also important for metabolic maintenance, which is tightly coordinated via complicated mechanisms that include the intricate interaction of scaffold proteins, recognition through cognate motifs, action of phosphatases, distinct subcellular localisation, and even post-translational modifications. Aberration in the signalling pathway itself or their regulation has been implicated in the disruption of metabolic homeostasis, which provides a pathophysiological foundation in the development of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is an umbrella term that usually includes a group of closely associated metabolic diseases such as hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia, and hypertension. These risk factors exacerbate the development of obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, and hepatic diseases, which have accounted for an increase in the worldwide morbidity and mortality rate. This review aims to summarise recent findings that have implicated MAP kinase signalling in the development of metabolic diseases, highlighting the potential therapeutic targets of this pathway to be investigated further for the attenuation of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Yong Quan Ng
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zachary Wai-Loon Loh
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Y. Fann
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Karthik Mallilankaraman
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thiruma V. Arumugam
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - M. Prakash Hande
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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9
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Zhu D, Jiang T, Ma D, Zhang H, Zhang J, Lv W, Gong M, Wang H, Liu Z, Su H, Zeng L, Liu S, Tang S, Yang B, Tshavuka FI, Fu G, Liu Z, Peng D, Liu H, Yan Z, Cao Z, Zhao H, He TC, Yu J, Shu Y, Zou L. S1P-S1PR3-RAS promotes the progression of S1PR3 hi TAL1 + T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia that can be effectively inhibited by an S1PR3 antagonist. Leukemia 2023; 37:1982-1993. [PMID: 37591940 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-02000-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
TAL1+ T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a distinct subtype of leukemia with poor outcomes. Through the cooperation of co-activators, including RUNX1, GATA3, and MYB, the TAL1 oncoprotein extends the immature thymocytes with autonomy and plays an important role in the development of T-ALL. However, this process is not yet well understood. Here, by investigating the transcriptome and prognosis of T-ALL from multiple cohorts, we found that S1PR3 was highly expressed in a subset of TAL1+ T-ALL (S1PR3hi TAL1+ T-ALL), which showed poor outcomes. Through pharmacological and genetic methods, we identified a specific survival-supporting role of S1P-S1PR3 in TAL1+ T-ALL cells. In T-ALL cells, TAL1-RUNX1 up-regulated the expression of S1PR3 by binding to the enhancer region of S1PR3 gene. With hyperactivated S1P-S1PR3, T-ALL cells grew rapidly, partly by activating the KRAS signal. Finally, we assessed S1PR3 inhibitor TY-52156 in T-ALL patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) mouse model. We found that TY-52156 attenuated leukemia progression efficiently and extended the lifespan of S1PR3hi TAL1+ T-ALL xenografts. Our findings demonstrate that S1PR3 plays an important oncogenic role in S1PR3hi TAL1+ T-ALL and may serve as a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhu
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Jiang
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Deyu Ma
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyang Zhang
- Clinical Research Unit of Children's Hospital, Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity, and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenqiong Lv
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Maoyuan Gong
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haobiao Wang
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ziyang Liu
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyu Su
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lamei Zeng
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shi Tang
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bijie Yang
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Filippus I Tshavuka
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guo Fu
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zidai Liu
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Danyi Peng
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zijun Yan
- Clinical Research Unit of Children's Hospital, Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity, and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyang Cao
- Clinical Research Unit of Children's Hospital, Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity, and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research of Common Diseases, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Branch of CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jie Yu
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yi Shu
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Lin Zou
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Clinical Research Unit of Children's Hospital, Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity, and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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10
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Funasaki S, Hatano A, Nakatsumi H, Koga D, Sugahara O, Yumimoto K, Baba M, Matsumoto M, Nakayama KI. A stepwise and digital pattern of RSK phosphorylation determines the outcome of thymic selection. iScience 2023; 26:107552. [PMID: 37646020 PMCID: PMC10460994 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP) thymocytes with randomly generated T cell receptors (TCRs) undergo positive (maturation) or negative (apoptosis) selection on the basis of the strength of TCR stimulation. Selection fate is determined by engagement of TCR ligands with a subtle difference in affinity, but the molecular details of TCR signaling leading to the different selection outcomes have remained unclear. We performed phosphoproteome analysis of DP thymocytes and found that p90 ribosomal protein kinase (RSK) phosphorylation at Thr562 was induced specifically by high-affinity peptide ligands. Such phosphorylation of RSK triggered its translocation to the nucleus, where it phosphorylated the nuclear receptor Nur77 and thereby promoted its mitochondrial translocation for apoptosis induction. Inhibition of RSK activity protected DP thymocytes from antigen-induced cell death. We propose that RSK phosphorylation constitutes a mechanism by which DP thymocytes generate a stepwise and binary signal in response to exposure to TCR ligands with a graded affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Funasaki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hatano
- Department of Omics and Systems Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Nakatsumi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koga
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Osamu Sugahara
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kanae Yumimoto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masaya Baba
- Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Masaki Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Omics and Systems Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Keiichi I. Nakayama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Anticancer Strategies Laboratory, TMDU Advanced Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
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11
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Feng Z, Li M, Ma A, Wei Y, Huang L, Kong L, Kang Y, Wang Z, Xiao F, Zhang W. Intermedin (adrenomedullin 2) plays a protective role in sepsis by regulating T- and B-cell proliferation and activity. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110488. [PMID: 37352568 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is the major cause of death in intensive care units. We previously found that intermedin (IMD), a calcitonin family peptide, can protect against sepsis by dynamically repairing vascular endothelial junctions and can ameliorate the inflammatory response by inhibiting the infiltration of macrophages in peripheral tissues. The effects of IMD on inflammatory and immune responses indicate that IMD may play a role in immunity. However, whether IMD affects immune cell development, differentiation and response to infection remains unclear. METHODS IMD-knockout (Adm2-/-) mice were generated in our previous work. Wild-type and IMD-KO mice were subjected to sham or cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery, and bone marrow cells were obtained for RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis. The RNA-Seq results were verified by real-time RT-PCR. The effect of IMD KO or IMD rescue on the septic mice was explored using mild and severe infection models induced by CLP surgery at different levels of severity, and the survival outcomes were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves and the log-rank test. The mechanism underlying the effects of IMD in T/B cell proliferation and differentiation were investigated by PCR, Western blot (WB), and cell proliferation assays and flow cytometry analysis. RESULTS RNA-Seq showed that IMD-KO mice exhibited a primary immunosuppression phenotype characterized by a marked decrease in the expression of T- and B-cell function-related genes. This immunosuppression made the IMD-KO mice vulnerable to pathogenic invasion, and even mild infection killed nearly half of the IMD-KO mice. Supplementation with the IMD peptide restored the expression of T/B-cell-related genes and significantly reduced the mortality rate of the IMD-KO mice. IMD is likely to directly promote T- and B-cell proliferation through ERK1/2 phosphorylation, stimulate T-cell differentiation via Ilr7/Rag1/2-controled T cell receptor (TCR) recombination, and activate B cells via Pax5, a transcription factor that activates at least 170 genes needed for B-cell functions. CONCLUSION Together with previous findings, our results indicate that IMD may play a protective role in sepsis via three mechanisms: protecting the vascular endothelium, reducing the inflammatory response, and activating T/B-cell proliferation and differentiation. Our study may provide the first identification of IMD as a calcitonin peptide that plays an important role in the adaptive immune response by activating T/B cells and provides translational opportunities for the design of immunotherapies for sepsis and other diseases associated with primary immunodeficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxue Feng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Aijia Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Yong'gang Wei
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Luping Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Lingmiao Kong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Yan Kang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Zhenling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China.
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12
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Hicks NJ, Crozier RWE, MacNeil AJ. JNK signaling during IL-3-mediated differentiation contributes to the c-kit-potentiated allergic inflammatory capacity of mast cells. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 114:92-105. [PMID: 37141385 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are leukocytes that mediate various aspects of immunity and drive allergic hypersensitivity pathologies. Mast cells differentiate from hematopoietic progenitor cells in a manner that is largely IL-3 dependent. However, molecular mechanisms, including the signaling pathways that control this process, have yet to be thoroughly investigated. Here, we examine the role of the ubiquitous and critical mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway due to its position downstream of the IL-3 receptor. Hematopoietic progenitor cells were harvested from the bone marrow of C57BL/6 mice and differentiated to bone marrow-derived mast cells in the presence of IL-3 and mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors. Inhibition of the JNK node of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway induced the most comprehensive changes to the mature mast cell phenotype. Bone marrow-derived mast cells differentiated during impaired JNK signaling expressed impaired c-kit levels on the mast cell surface, first detected at week 3 of differentiation. Following 1 wk of inhibitor withdrawal and subsequent stimulation of IgE-sensitized FcεRI receptors with allergen (TNP-BSA) and c-kit receptors with stem cell factor, JNK-inhibited bone marrow-derived mast cells exhibited impediments in early-phase mediator release through degranulation (80% of control), as well as late-phase secretion of CCL1, CCL2, CCL3, TNF, and IL-6. Experiments with dual stimulation conditions (TNP-BSA + stem cell factor or TNP-BSA alone) showed that impediments in mediator secretion were found to be mechanistically linked to reduced c-kit surface levels. This study is the first to implicate JNK activity in IL-3-mediated mast cell differentiation and also identifies development as a critical and functionally determinative period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J Hicks
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Robert W E Crozier
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Adam J MacNeil
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
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13
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Bodhale N, Nair A, Saha B. Isoform-specific functions of Ras in T-cell development and differentiation. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2350430. [PMID: 37173132 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Ras GTPases, well characterized for their role in oncogenesis, are the cells' molecular switches that signal to maintain immune homeostasis through cellular development, proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. In the immune system, T cells are the central players that cause autoimmunity if dysregulated. Antigen-specific T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation activates Ras-isoforms, which exhibit isoform-specific activator and effector requirements, functional specificities, and a selective role in T-cell development and differentiation. Recent studies show the role of Ras in T-cell-mediated autoimmune diseases; however, there is a scarcity of knowledge about the role of Ras in T-cell development and differentiation. To date, limited studies have demonstrated Ras activation in response to positive and negative selection signals and Ras isoform-specific signaling, including subcellular signaling, in immune cells. The knowledge of isoform-specific functions of Ras in T cells is essential, but still inadequate to develop the T-cell-targeted Ras isoform-specific treatment strategies for the diseases caused by altered Ras-isoform expression and activation in T cells. In this review, we discuss the role of Ras in T-cell development and differentiation, critically analyzing the isoform-specific functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arathi Nair
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
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14
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Makhijani P, Basso PJ, Chan YT, Chen N, Baechle J, Khan S, Furman D, Tsai S, Winer DA. Regulation of the immune system by the insulin receptor in health and disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1128622. [PMID: 36992811 PMCID: PMC10040865 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1128622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The signaling pathways downstream of the insulin receptor (InsR) are some of the most evolutionarily conserved pathways that regulate organism longevity and metabolism. InsR signaling is well characterized in metabolic tissues, such as liver, muscle, and fat, actively orchestrating cellular processes, including growth, survival, and nutrient metabolism. However, cells of the immune system also express the InsR and downstream signaling machinery, and there is increasing appreciation for the involvement of InsR signaling in shaping the immune response. Here, we summarize current understanding of InsR signaling pathways in different immune cell subsets and their impact on cellular metabolism, differentiation, and effector versus regulatory function. We also discuss mechanistic links between altered InsR signaling and immune dysfunction in various disease settings and conditions, with a focus on age related conditions, such as type 2 diabetes, cancer and infection vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Makhijani
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Buck Institute for Research in Aging, Novato, CA, United States
| | - Paulo José Basso
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Yi Tao Chan
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nan Chen
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jordan Baechle
- Buck Institute for Research in Aging, Novato, CA, United States
- Buck Artificial Intelligence Platform, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States
| | - Saad Khan
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Furman
- Buck Institute for Research in Aging, Novato, CA, United States
- Buck Artificial Intelligence Platform, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States
- Stanford 1, 000 Immunomes Project, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), Universidad Austral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Pilar, Argentina
| | - Sue Tsai
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Daniel A. Winer
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Buck Institute for Research in Aging, Novato, CA, United States
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Buck Artificial Intelligence Platform, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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15
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Erdenebaatar P, Gunarta IK, Suzuki R, Odongoo R, Fujii T, Fukunaga R, Kanemaki MT, Yoshioka K. Redundant roles of extra-cellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1 and 2 in the G1-S transition and etoposide-induced G2/M checkpoint in HCT116 cells. Drug Discov Ther 2023; 17:10-17. [PMID: 36642508 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2022.01120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1 and 2 intracellular signaling pathways play key roles in a variety of cellular processes, such as proliferation and differentiation. Dysregulation of ERK1/2 signaling has been implicated in many diseases, including cancer. Although ERK1/2 signaling pathways have been extensively studied, controversy remains as to whether ERK1 and ERK2 have specific or redundant functions. In this study, we examined the functional roles of ERK1 and ERK2 in cell proliferation and cell cycle progression using an auxin-inducible degron system combined with gene knockout technology. We found that ERK1/2 double depletion, but not ERK1 or ERK2 depletion, substantially inhibited the proliferation of HCT116 cells during G1-S transition. We further demonstrated that ERK1/2-double-depleted cells were much more tolerant to etoposide-induced G2/M arrest than ERK1 or ERK2 single-knockout cells. Together, these results strongly suggest the functional redundancy of ERK1 and ERK2 in both the G1-S transition under physiological conditions and the DNA damage-induced G2/M checkpoint. Our findings substantially advance understanding of the ERK1/2 pathways, which could have strong implications for future pharmacological developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purev Erdenebaatar
- Division of Molecular Cell Signaling, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - I Ketut Gunarta
- Division of Molecular Cell Signaling, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Suzuki
- Division of Molecular Cell Signaling, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ravdandorj Odongoo
- Division of Molecular Cell Signaling, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Fujii
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Rikiro Fukunaga
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Masato T Kanemaki
- Department of Chromosome Science, National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS), Mishima, Japan.,Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mishima, Japan
| | - Katsuji Yoshioka
- Division of Molecular Cell Signaling, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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16
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Lucas RM, Luo L, Stow JL. ERK1/2 in immune signalling. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1341-1352. [PMID: 36281999 PMCID: PMC9704528 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular signal-related kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) are the final components of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation cascade, an integral module in a diverse array of signalling pathways for shaping cell behaviour and fate. More recently, studies have shown that ERK1/2 plays an essential role downstream of immune receptors to elicit inflammatory gene expression in response to infection and cell or tissue damage. Much of this work has studied ERK1/2 activation in Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways, providing mechanistic insights into its recruitment, compartmentalisation and activation in cells of the innate immune system. In this review, we summarise the typical activation of ERK1/2 in growth factor receptor pathways before discussing its known roles in immune cell signalling with a focus downstream of TLRs. We examine emerging research uncovering evidence of dysfunctional ERK1/2 signalling in inflammatory diseases and discuss the potential therapeutic benefit of targeting ERK1/2 pathways in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M. Lucas
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB) and Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Lin Luo
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB) and Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jennifer L. Stow
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB) and Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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17
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The Effect of Aflatoxin B1 on Tumor-Related Genes and Phenotypic Characters of MCF7 and MCF10A Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911856. [PMID: 36233156 PMCID: PMC9570345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungal toxin aflatoxin B1 (AB1) and its reactive intermediate, aflatoxin B1-8, 9 epoxide, could cause liver cancer by inducing DNA adducts. AB1 exposure can induce changes in the expression of several cancer-related genes. In this study, the effect of AB1 exposure on breast cancer MCF7 and normal breast MCF10A cell lines at the phenotypic and epigenetic levels was investigated to evaluate its potential in increasing the risk of breast cancer development. We hypothesized that, even at low concentrations, AB1 can cause changes in the expression of important genes involved in four pathways, i.e., p53, cancer, cell cycle, and apoptosis. The transcriptomic levels of BRCA1, BRCA2, p53, HER1, HER2, cMyc, BCL2, MCL1, CCND1, WNT3A, MAPK1, MAPK3, DAPK1, Casp8, and Casp9 were determined in MCF7 and MCF10A cells. Our results illustrate that treating both cells with AB1 induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis with reduction in cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, AB1 reduced reactive oxygen species levels. Phenotypically, AB1 caused cell-cycle arrest at G1, hypertrophy, and increased cell migration rates. There were changes in the expression levels of several tumor-related genes, which are known to contribute to activating cancer pathways. The effects of AB1 on the phenotype and epigenetics of both MCF7 and MCF10A cells associated with cancer development observed in this study suggest that AB1 is a potential risk factor for developing breast cancer.
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18
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Cut loose TIMP-1: an emerging cytokine in inflammation. Trends Cell Biol 2022; 33:413-426. [PMID: 36163148 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Appreciation of the entire biological impact of an individual protein can be hampered by its original naming based on one function only. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), mostly known for its eponymous function to inhibit metalloproteinases, exhibits only a fraction of its cellular effects via this feature. Recently, TIMP-1 emerged as a potent cytokine acting via various cell-surface receptors, explaining a so-far under-appreciated role of TIMP-1-mediated signaling on immune cells. This, at least partly, resolved why elevated blood levels of TIMP-1 correlate with progression of numerous inflammatory diseases. Here, we emphasize the necessity of unbiased name-independent recognition of structure-function relationships to properly appreciate the biological potential of TIMP-1 and other cytokines in complex physiological processes such as inflammation.
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19
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Houde N, Espéli M, Charron J. Implication des kinases MEK1 et MEK2 dans la maturation du système immunitaire chez la souris. Med Sci (Paris) 2022; 38:529-532. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2022071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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20
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Abstract
A high diversity of αβ T cell receptors (TCRs), capable of recognizing virtually any pathogen but also self-antigens, is generated during T cell development in the thymus. Nevertheless, a strict developmental program supports the selection of a self-tolerant T cell repertoire capable of responding to foreign antigens. The steps of T cell selection are controlled by cortical and medullary stromal niches, mainly composed of thymic epithelial cells and dendritic cells. The integration of important cues provided by these specialized niches, including (a) the TCR signal strength induced by the recognition of self-peptide-MHC complexes, (b) costimulatory signals, and (c) cytokine signals, critically controls T cell repertoire selection. This review discusses our current understanding of the signals that coordinate positive selection, negative selection, and agonist selection of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. It also highlights recent advances that have unraveled the functional diversity of thymic antigen-presenting cell subsets implicated in T cell selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Irla
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), CNRS, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France;
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21
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Dai X, Wang Y, Li Y, Zhong Y, Pei M, Long J, Dong X, Chen YL, Wang Q, Wang G, Gold BG, Vandenbark AA, Neve KA, Offner H, Wang C. Tyrphostin A9 protects axons in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through activation of ERKs. Life Sci 2022; 294:120383. [PMID: 35143827 PMCID: PMC8920308 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Small molecule compound tyrphostin A9 (A9), an inhibitor of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor, was previously reported by our group to stimulate extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) and 2 (ERK2) in neuronal cells in a PDGF receptor-irrelevant manner. The study aimed to investigate whether A9 could protect axons in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through activation of ERKs. MAIN METHODS A9 treatment on the protection on neurite outgrowth in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and primary substantia nigra neuron cultures from the neurotoxin MPP+ were analyzed. Then, clinical symptoms as well as ERK1/2 activation, axonal protection induction, and the abundance increases of the regeneration biomarker GAP-43 in the CNS in the relapsing-remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model were verified. KEY FINDINGS A9 treatment could stimulate neurite outgrowth in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and protect primary substantia nigra neuron cultures from the neurotoxin MPP+. In the relapsing-remitting EAE model, oral administration of A9 successfully ameliorated clinical symptoms, activated ERK1/2, induced axonal protection, and increased the abundance of the regeneration biomarker GAP-43 in the CNS. Interestingly, gene deficiency of ERK1 or ERK2 disrupted the beneficial effects of A9 in MOG-35-55-induced EAE. SIGNIFICANCE These results demonstrated that small molecule compounds that stimulate persistent ERK activation in vitro and in vivo may be useful in protective or restorative treatment for neurodegenerative diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Axons/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/etiology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/prevention & control
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/genetics
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neuroblastoma/drug therapy
- Neuroblastoma/metabolism
- Neuroblastoma/pathology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Tyrphostins/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Dai
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200126, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yongmei Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200126, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yuexin Li
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States of America; Research Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR 97239, United States of America
| | - Yongping Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States of America
| | - Min Pei
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200126, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jing Long
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200126, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xingchen Dong
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200126, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yi-Li Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200126, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Qi Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200126, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Guifeng Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200126, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Bruce G Gold
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States of America
| | - Arthur A Vandenbark
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States of America; Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States of America; Research Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR 97239, United States of America
| | - Kim A Neve
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States of America; Research Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR 97239, United States of America
| | - Halina Offner
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States of America; Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States of America; Research Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR 97239, United States of America
| | - Chunhe Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200126, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States of America; Research Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR 97239, United States of America.
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22
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Ma S, Patel SA, Abe Y, Chen N, Patel PR, Cho BS, Abbasi N, Zeng S, Schnabl B, Chang JT, Huang WJM. RORγt phosphorylation protects against T cell-mediated inflammation. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110520. [PMID: 35294872 PMCID: PMC8982147 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
RAR-related orphan receptor-γ (RORγt) is an essential transcription factor for thymic T cell development, secondary lymphoid tissue organogenesis, and peripheral immune cell differentiation. Serine 182 phosphorylation is a major post-translational modification (PTM) on RORγt. However, the in vivo contribution of this PTM in health and disease settings is unclear. We report that this PTM is not involved in thymic T cell development and effector T cell differentiation. Instead, it is a critical regulator of inflammation downstream of IL-1β signaling and extracellular signal regulated kinases (ERKs) activation. ERKs phosphorylation of serine 182 on RORgt serves to simultaneously restrict Th17 hyperactivation and promote anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 production in RORγt+ Treg cells. Phospho-null RORγtS182A knockin mice experience exacerbated inflammation in models of colitis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In summary, the IL-1β-ERK-RORγtS182 circuit protects against T cell-mediated inflammation and provides potential therapeutic targets to combat autoimmune diseases. A balanced mucosal T cell population is essential for tissue homeostasis and wound healing post-injury and infection. In this study, Ma et al. report a surprising role for the phosphorylated transcription factor RORγt as a cell-intrinsic regulator for maintaining mucosal T cell heterogeneity and promoting inflammation resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyun Ma
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shefali A Patel
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yohei Abe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nicholas Chen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Parth R Patel
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Benjamin S Cho
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nazia Abbasi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Suling Zeng
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - John T Chang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Wendy Jia Men Huang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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23
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Tsiomita S, Liveri EM, Vardaka P, Vogiatzi A, Skiadaresis A, Saridis G, Tsigkas I, Michaelidis TM, Mavrothalassitis G, Thyphronitis G. ETS2 repressor factor (ERF) is involved in T lymphocyte maturation acting as regulator of thymocyte lineage commitment. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:641-657. [PMID: 35258130 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1a0720-439r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymocyte differentiation and lineage commitment is regulated by an extensive network of transcription factors and signaling molecules among which Erk plays a central role. However, Erk effectors as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying this network are not well understood. Erf is a ubiquitously expressed transcriptional repressor regulated by Erk-dependent phosphorylation. Here, we investigated the role of Erf in T cell maturation and lineage commitment, using a double-fluorescent Erf-floxed mouse to produce thymus-specific Erf knockouts. We observed significant accumulation of thymocytes in the CD4/CD8 DP stage, followed by a significant reduction in CD4SP cells, a trend for lower CD8SP cell frequency, and an elevated percentage of γδ expressing thymocytes in Erf-deficient mice. Also, an elevated number of CD69+ TCRβ+ cells indicates that thymocytes undergoing positive selection accumulate at this stage. The expression of transcription factors Gata3, ThPOK, and Socs1 that promote CD4+ cell commitment was significantly decreased in Erf-deficient mice. These findings suggest that Erf is involved in T cell maturation, acting as a positive regulator during CD4 and eventually CD8 lineage commitment, while negatively regulates the production of γδ T cells. In addition, Erf-deficient mice displayed decreased percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ splenocytes and elevated levels of IL-4 indicating that Erf may have an additional role in the homeostasis, differentiation, and immunologic response of helper and cytotoxic T cells in the periphery. Overall, our results show, for the first time, Erf's involvement in T cell biology suggesting that Erf acts as a potential regulator during thymocyte maturation and thymocyte lineage commitment, in γδ T cell generation, as well as in Th cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridoula Tsiomita
- Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Effrosyni Maria Liveri
- Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Panagiota Vardaka
- Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Angeliki Vogiatzi
- Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Argyris Skiadaresis
- Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - George Saridis
- Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ioannis Tsigkas
- Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.,Department of Biomedical Research, Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Theologos M Michaelidis
- Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.,Department of Biomedical Research, Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Ioannina, Greece
| | - George Mavrothalassitis
- Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.,IMBB, FORTH, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - George Thyphronitis
- Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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24
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Legut M, Gajic Z, Guarino M, Daniloski Z, Rahman JA, Xue X, Lu C, Lu L, Mimitou EP, Hao S, Davoli T, Diefenbach C, Smibert P, Sanjana NE. A genome-scale screen for synthetic drivers of T cell proliferation. Nature 2022; 603:728-735. [PMID: 35296855 PMCID: PMC9908437 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04494-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The engineering of autologous patient T cells for adoptive cell therapies has revolutionized the treatment of several types of cancer1. However, further improvements are needed to increase response and cure rates. CRISPR-based loss-of-function screens have been limited to negative regulators of T cell functions2-4 and raise safety concerns owing to the permanent modification of the genome. Here we identify positive regulators of T cell functions through overexpression of around 12,000 barcoded human open reading frames (ORFs). The top-ranked genes increased the proliferation and activation of primary human CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and their secretion of key cytokines such as interleukin-2 and interferon-γ. In addition, we developed the single-cell genomics method OverCITE-seq for high-throughput quantification of the transcriptome and surface antigens in ORF-engineered T cells. The top-ranked ORF-lymphotoxin-β receptor (LTBR)-is typically expressed in myeloid cells but absent in lymphocytes. When overexpressed in T cells, LTBR induced profound transcriptional and epigenomic remodelling, leading to increased T cell effector functions and resistance to exhaustion in chronic stimulation settings through constitutive activation of the canonical NF-κB pathway. LTBR and other highly ranked genes improved the antigen-specific responses of chimeric antigen receptor T cells and γδ T cells, highlighting their potential for future cancer-agnostic therapies5. Our results provide several strategies for improving next-generation T cell therapies by the induction of synthetic cell programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Legut
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Zoran Gajic
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Guarino
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zharko Daniloski
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Beam Tx, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jahan A Rahman
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xinhe Xue
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Congyi Lu
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lu Lu
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eleni P Mimitou
- Technology Innovation Lab, New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Immunai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie Hao
- Technology Innovation Lab, New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Teresa Davoli
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Catherine Diefenbach
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter Smibert
- Technology Innovation Lab, New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Immunai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Neville E Sanjana
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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25
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Losada-García A, Cortés-Ramírez SA, Cruz-Burgos M, Morales-Pacheco M, Cruz-Hernández CD, Gonzalez-Covarrubias V, Perez-Plascencia C, Cerbón MA, Rodríguez-Dorantes M. Hormone-Related Cancer and Autoimmune Diseases: A Complex Interplay to be Discovered. Front Genet 2022; 12:673180. [PMID: 35111194 PMCID: PMC8801914 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.673180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoplasic transformation is a continuous process that occurs in the body. Even before clinical signs, the immune system is capable of recognizing these aberrant cells and reacting to suppress them. However, transformed cells acquire the ability to evade innate and adaptive immune defenses through the secretion of molecules that inhibit immune effector functions, resulting in tumor progression. Hormones have the ability to modulate the immune system and are involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Hormones can control both the innate and adaptive immune systems in men and women. For example androgens reduce immunity through modulating the production of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators. Women are more prone than men to suffer from autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis and others. This is linked to female hormones modulating the immune system. Patients with autoimmune diseases consistently have an increased risk of cancer, either as a result of underlying immune system dysregulation or as a side effect of pharmaceutical treatments. Epidemiological data on cancer incidence emphasize the link between the immune system and cancer. We outline and illustrate the occurrence of hormone-related cancer and its relationship to the immune system or autoimmune diseases in this review. It is obvious that some observations are contentious and require explanation of molecular mechanisms and validation. As a result, future research should clarify the molecular pathways involved, including any causal relationships, in order to eventually allocate information that will aid in the treatment of hormone-sensitive cancer and autoimmune illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Losada-García
- Laboratorio de Oncogenomica Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - SA Cortés-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Oncogenomica Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M Cruz-Burgos
- Laboratorio de Oncogenomica Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M Morales-Pacheco
- Laboratorio de Oncogenomica Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica, Mexico City, Mexico
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Carlos Perez-Plascencia
- Unidad de Genómica y Cáncer, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, INCan, SSA and Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - MA Cerbón
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M Rodríguez-Dorantes
- Laboratorio de Oncogenomica Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: M Rodríguez-Dorantes,
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26
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Houde N, Beuret L, Bonaud A, Fortier-Beaulieu SP, Truchon-Landry K, Aoidi R, Pic É, Alouche N, Rondeau V, Schlecht-Louf G, Balabanian K, Espéli M, Charron J. Fine-tuning of MEK signaling is pivotal for limiting B and T cell activation. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110223. [PMID: 35021072 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
MEK1 and MEK2, the only known activators of ERK, are attractive therapeutic candidates for both cancer and autoimmune diseases. However, how MEK signaling finely regulates immune cell activation is only partially understood. To address this question, we specifically delete Mek1 in hematopoietic cells in the Mek2 null background. Characterization of an allelic series of Mek mutants reveals the presence of distinct degrees of spontaneous B cell activation, which are inversely proportional to the levels of MEK proteins and ERK activation. While Mek1 and Mek2 null mutants have a normal lifespan, 1Mek1 and 1Mek2 mutants retaining only one functional Mek1 or Mek2 allele in hematopoietic cell lineages die from glomerulonephritis and lymphoproliferative disorders, respectively. This establishes that the fine-tuning of the ERK/MAPK pathway is critical to regulate B and T cell activation and function and that each MEK isoform plays distinct roles during lymphocyte activation and disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Houde
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Oncology Axis), L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, 9, Rue McMahon, Québec, QC G1R 3S3 Canada
| | - Laurent Beuret
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Oncology Axis), L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, 9, Rue McMahon, Québec, QC G1R 3S3 Canada
| | - Amélie Bonaud
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, EMiLy, INSERM U1160, Paris 75010, France; OPALE Carnot Institute, The Organization for Partnerships in Leukemia, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris 75010, France
| | - Simon-Pierre Fortier-Beaulieu
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Oncology Axis), L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, 9, Rue McMahon, Québec, QC G1R 3S3 Canada
| | - Kim Truchon-Landry
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Oncology Axis), L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, 9, Rue McMahon, Québec, QC G1R 3S3 Canada
| | - Rifdat Aoidi
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Oncology Axis), L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, 9, Rue McMahon, Québec, QC G1R 3S3 Canada
| | - Émilie Pic
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Oncology Axis), L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, 9, Rue McMahon, Québec, QC G1R 3S3 Canada
| | - Nagham Alouche
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, EMiLy, INSERM U1160, Paris 75010, France; OPALE Carnot Institute, The Organization for Partnerships in Leukemia, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris 75010, France
| | - Vincent Rondeau
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, EMiLy, INSERM U1160, Paris 75010, France; OPALE Carnot Institute, The Organization for Partnerships in Leukemia, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris 75010, France
| | - Géraldine Schlecht-Louf
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, Clamart 92140, France
| | - Karl Balabanian
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, EMiLy, INSERM U1160, Paris 75010, France; OPALE Carnot Institute, The Organization for Partnerships in Leukemia, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris 75010, France
| | - Marion Espéli
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, EMiLy, INSERM U1160, Paris 75010, France; OPALE Carnot Institute, The Organization for Partnerships in Leukemia, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris 75010, France
| | - Jean Charron
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Oncology Axis), L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, 9, Rue McMahon, Québec, QC G1R 3S3 Canada; Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry & Pathology, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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27
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Kim S, Park GY, Park JS, Park J, Hong H, Lee Y. Regulation of positive and negative selection and TCR signaling during thymic T cell development by capicua. eLife 2021; 10:71769. [PMID: 34895467 PMCID: PMC8700290 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Central tolerance is achieved through positive and negative selection of thymocytes mediated by T cell receptor (TCR) signaling strength. Thus, dysregulation of the thymic selection process often leads to autoimmunity. Here, we show that Capicua (CIC), a transcriptional repressor that suppresses autoimmunity, controls the thymic selection process. Loss of CIC prior to T-cell lineage commitment impairs both positive and negative selection of thymocytes. CIC deficiency attenuated TCR signaling in CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP) cells, as evidenced by a decrease in CD5 and phospho-ERK levels and calcium flux. We identified Spry4, Dusp4, Dusp6, and Spred1 as CIC target genes that could inhibit TCR signaling in DP cells. Furthermore, impaired positive selection and TCR signaling were partially rescued in Cic and Spry4 double mutant mice. Our findings indicate that CIC is a transcription factor required for thymic T cell development and suggests that CIC acts at multiple stages of T cell development and differentiation to prevent autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soeun Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Guk-Yeol Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seok Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiho Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyebeen Hong
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoontae Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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28
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Sceneay J, Sinclair C. The future of immune checkpoint combinations with tumor-targeted small molecule drugs. Emerg Top Life Sci 2021; 5:675-680. [PMID: 34196724 PMCID: PMC8726049 DOI: 10.1042/etls20210064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB) has transformed the landscape of cancer treatment. However, there is much to understand around refractory or acquired resistance in patients in order to utilize ICB therapy to its full potential. In this perspective article, we discuss the opportunities and challenges that are emerging as our understanding of immuno-oncology resistance matures. Firstly, there has been remarkable progress made to understand the exquisite overlap between oncogenic and immune signaling pathways. Several cancer-signaling pathways are constitutively active in oncogenic settings and also play physiological roles in immune cell function. A growing number of precision oncology tumor-targeted drugs show remarkable immunogenic properties that might be harnessed with rational combination strategies. Secondly, we now understand that the immune system confers a strong selective pressure on tumors. Whilst this pressure can lead to novel tumor evolution and immune escape, there is a growing recognition of tumor-intrinsic dependencies that arise in immune pressured environments. Such dependencies provide a roadmap for novel tumor-intrinsic drug targets to alleviate ICB resistance. We anticipate that rational combinations with existing oncology drugs and a next wave of tumor-intrinsic drugs that specifically target immunological resistance will represent the next frontier of therapeutic opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn Sceneay
- Mechanisms of Cancer Resistance Thematic Research Center, Bristol Myers Squibb, 100 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, U.S.A
| | - Charles Sinclair
- Mechanisms of Cancer Resistance Thematic Research Center, Bristol Myers Squibb, 100 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, U.S.A
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29
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Lone W, Bouska A, Sharma S, Amador C, Saumyaranjan M, Herek TA, Heavican TB, Yu J, Lim ST, Ong CK, Slack GW, Savage KJ, Rosenwald A, Ott G, Cook JR, Feldman AL, Rimsza LM, McKeithan TW, Greiner TC, Weisenburger DD, Melle F, Motta G, Pileri S, Vose JM, Chan WC, Iqbal J. Genome-Wide miRNA Expression Profiling of Molecular Subgroups of Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:6039-6053. [PMID: 34426436 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-0573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) is a heterogeneous group of non-Hodgkin lymphomas with aggressive clinical behavior. We performed comprehensive miRNA profiling in PTCLs and corresponding normal CD4+ Th1/2 and TFH-like polarized subsets to elucidate the role of miRNAs in T-cell lymphomagenesis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We used nCounter (NanoString Inc) for miRNA profiling and validated using Taqman qRT-PCR (Applied Biosystems, Inc). Normal CD4+ T cells were polarized into effector Th subsets using signature cytokines, and miRNA significance was revealed using functional experiments. RESULTS Effector Th subsets showed distinct miRNA expression with corresponding transcription factor expression (e.g., BCL6/miR-19b, -106, -30d, -26b, in IL21-polarized; GATA3/miR-155, miR-337 in Th2-polarized; and TBX21/miR-181a, -331-3p in Th1-polarized cells). Integration of miRNA signatures suggested activation of TCR and PI3K signaling in IL21-polarized cells, ERK signaling in Th1-polarized cells, and AKT-mTOR signaling in Th2-polarized cells, validated at protein level. In neoplastic counterparts, distinctive miRNAs were identified and confirmed in an independent cohort. Integrative miRNA-mRNA analysis identified a decrease in target transcript abundance leading to deregulation of sphingolipid and Wnt signaling and epigenetic dysregulation in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL), while ERK, MAPK, and cell cycle were identified in PTCL subsets, and decreased target transcript abundance was validated in an independent cohort. Elevated expression of miRNAs (miR-126-3p, miR-145-5p) in AITL was associated with poor clinical outcome. In silico and experimental validation suggest two targets (miR-126→ SIPR2 and miR-145 → ROCK1) resulting in reduced RhoA-GTPase activity and T-B-cell interaction. CONCLUSIONS Unique miRNAs and deregulated oncogenic pathways are associated with PTCL subtypes. Upregulated miRNA-126-3p and miR-145-5p expression regulate RhoA-GTPase and inhibit T-cell migration, crucial for AITL pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Lone
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Alyssa Bouska
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Sunandini Sharma
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Catalina Amador
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Mallick Saumyaranjan
- Institute of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tyler A Herek
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Tayla B Heavican
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jiayu Yu
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Soon Thye Lim
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore/Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore
| | - Choon Kiat Ong
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore/Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore
| | - Graham W Slack
- Center for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kerry J Savage
- Center for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andreas Rosenwald
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Würzburg, Germany
| | - German Ott
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus and Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - James R Cook
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Andrew L Feldman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Lisa M Rimsza
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Timothy W McKeithan
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Timothy C Greiner
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | | | | | | | | | - Julie M Vose
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Wing C Chan
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Javeed Iqbal
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.
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30
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Geng H, Tan X, Zhao M, Ma Y, Li Y. Proteomic analysis of zearalenone toxicity on mouse thymic epithelial cells. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 42:660-670. [PMID: 34716709 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA) is one of the most major food contaminants in cereal crops worldwide, risking health of both livestock and humans. This study aimed to assess the cytotoxicity and the underlying mechanism of ZEA on thymic epithelial cells. By using proteomics analysis, we identified 596 differentially expressed proteins in MTEC1 cells upon zearalenone exposure, of which 245 were upregulated and 351 were downregulated. Gene ontology (GO) analysis suggested that differentially expressed proteins were participated in protein synthesis, oxidative phosphorylation, and ATP binding. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that differentially expressed proteins were mainly related to mitochndrial metabolism, such as citrate cycle (TCA cycle) and oxidative phosphorylation. We demonstrated that ZEA treatment was able to increase the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, to decrease ΔΨm, ATP level, and the copy number of mtDNA, leading to necrotic cell death. Moreover, we showed that ZEA treatment inhibited cell proliferation and induced G2/M phase arrest by downregulation of proliferation-associated proteins ERK, p-ERK, CDK1, and p-CHK1. Taken together, we found that the toxicity of ZEA on thymic epithelial cells is mainly caused by the inhibition of mitochondrial dysfunction and cell proliferation. Our study might open new avenues for treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Geng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotong Tan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miao Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongjiang Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yugu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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31
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The roles of GTPase-activating proteins in regulated cell death and tumor immunity. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:171. [PMID: 34663417 PMCID: PMC8524929 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01184-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
GTPase-activating protein (GAP) is a negative regulator of GTPase protein that is thought to promote the conversion of the active GTPase-GTP form to the GTPase-GDP form. Based on its ability to regulate GTPase proteins and other domains, GAPs are directly or indirectly involved in various cell requirement processes. We reviewed the existing evidence of GAPs regulating regulated cell death (RCD), mainly apoptosis and autophagy, as well as some novel RCDs, with particular attention to their association in diseases, especially cancer. We also considered that GAPs could affect tumor immunity and attempted to link GAPs, RCD and tumor immunity. A deeper understanding of the GAPs for regulating these processes could lead to the discovery of new therapeutic targets to avoid pathologic cell loss or to mediate cancer cell death.
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32
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Wan S, Ni L, Zhao X, Liu X, Xu W, Jin W, Wang X, Dong C. Costimulation molecules differentially regulate the ERK-Zfp831 axis to shape T follicular helper cell differentiation. Immunity 2021; 54:2740-2755.e6. [PMID: 34644536 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells play essential roles in regulating humoral immunity, especially germinal center reactions. However, how CD4+ T cells integrate the antigenic and costimulatory signals in Tfh cell development is still poorly understood. Here, we found that phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) + ionomycin (P+I) stimulation, together with interleukin-6 (IL-6), potently induce Tfh cell-like transcriptomic programs in vitro. The ERK kinase pathway was attenuated under P+I stimulation; ERK2 inhibition enhanced Tfh cell development in vitro and in vivo. We observed that inducible T cell costimulator (ICOS), but not CD28, lacked the ability to activate ERK, which was important in sustaining Tfh cell development. The transcription factor Zfp831, whose expression was repressed by ERK, promoted Tfh cell differentiation by directly upregulating the expression of the transcription factors Bcl6 and Tcf7. We have hence identified an ERK-Zfp831 axis, regulated by costimulation signaling, in critical regulation of Tfh cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Wan
- Institute of Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Ni
- Institute of Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhao
- Institute of Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xindong Liu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Institute of Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Institute of Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohu Wang
- Institute of Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Dong
- Institute of Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine-affiliated Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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33
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Figueroa MG, Parker LM, Krol K, Zhao M. Distal Lck Promoter-Driven Cre Shows Cell Type-Specific Function in Innate-like T Cells. Immunohorizons 2021; 5:772-781. [PMID: 34583938 PMCID: PMC8612026 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2100079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate-like T cells, including invariant NKT cells, mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, and γ δ T (γδT) cells, are groups of unconventional T lymphocytes. They play important roles in the immune system. Because of the lack of Cre recombinase lines that are specific for innate-like T cells, pan-T cell Cre lines are often used to study innate-like T cells. In this study, we found that distal Lck promoter-driven Cre (dLckCre) in which the distal Lck gene promoter drives Cre expression in the late stage of thymocyte development has limited function in the innate-like T cells using ROSA26floxed-Stop-tdTomato reporter. Innate-like T cells differentiate into mature functional subsets comparable to the CD4+ Th subsets under homeostatic conditions. We further showed that dLckCre-expressing γδT cells are strongly biased toward γδT1 phenotype. Interestingly, the γδT cells residing in the epidermis and comprising the vast majority of dendritic epidermal T cells nearly all express dLckCre, indicating dLckCre is a useful tool for studying dendritic epidermal T cells. Taken together, these data suggest that Lck distal promoter has different activity in the conventional and unconventional T cells. The use of dLCKcre transgenic mice in the innate-like T cells needs to be guided by a reporter for the dLckCre function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maday G Figueroa
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Loretta M Parker
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
- Department of Pediatrics, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Kamila Krol
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; and
| | - Meng Zhao
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK
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34
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Beuret L, Fortier-Beaulieu SP, Rondeau V, Roy S, Houde N, Balabanian K, Espéli M, Charron J. Mek1 and Mek2 Functional Redundancy in Erythropoiesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:639022. [PMID: 34386488 PMCID: PMC8353236 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.639022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have established the crucial role of the extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK)/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in hematopoietic cell proliferation and differentiation. MEK1 and MEK2 phosphorylate and activate ERK1 and ERK2. However, whether MEK1 and MEK2 differentially regulate these processes is unknown. To define the function of Mek genes in the activation of the ERK pathway during hematopoiesis, we generated a mutant mouse line carrying a hematopoietic-specific deletion of the Mek1 gene function in a Mek2 null background. Inactivation of both Mek1 and Mek2 genes resulted in death shortly after birth with a severe anemia revealing the essential role of the ERK pathway in erythropoiesis. Mek1 and Mek2 functional ablation also affected lymphopoiesis and myelopoiesis. In contrast, mice that retained one functional Mek1 (1Mek1) or Mek2 (1Mek2) allele in hematopoietic cells were viable and fertile. 1Mek1 and 1Mek2 mutants showed mild signs of anemia and splenomegaly, but the half-life of their red blood cells and the response to erythropoietic stress were not altered, suggesting a certain level of Mek redundancy for sustaining functional erythropoiesis. However, subtle differences in multipotent progenitor distribution in the bone marrow were observed in 1Mek1 mice, suggesting that the two Mek genes might differentially regulate early hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Beuret
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Oncology), Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Simon-Pierre Fortier-Beaulieu
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Oncology), Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent Rondeau
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, EMiLy, Inserm U1160, Paris, France.,OPALE Carnot Institute, The Organization for Partnerships in Leukemia, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Roy
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Oncology), Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Houde
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Oncology), Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Karl Balabanian
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, EMiLy, Inserm U1160, Paris, France.,OPALE Carnot Institute, The Organization for Partnerships in Leukemia, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Marion Espéli
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, EMiLy, Inserm U1160, Paris, France.,OPALE Carnot Institute, The Organization for Partnerships in Leukemia, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Jean Charron
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (Oncology), Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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35
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He Y, Yang Z, Zhao CS, Xiao Z, Gong Y, Li YY, Chen Y, Du Y, Feng D, Altman A, Li Y. T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling promotes the assembly of RanBP2/RanGAP1-SUMO1/Ubc9 nuclear pore subcomplex via PKC-θ-mediated phosphorylation of RanGAP1. eLife 2021; 10:67123. [PMID: 34110283 PMCID: PMC8225385 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is the sole and selective gateway for nuclear transport, and its dysfunction has been associated with many diseases. The metazoan NPC subcomplex RanBP2, which consists of RanBP2 (Nup358), RanGAP1-SUMO1, and Ubc9, regulates the assembly and function of the NPC. The roles of immune signaling in regulation of NPC remain poorly understood. Here, we show that in human and murine T cells, following T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation, protein kinase C-θ (PKC-θ) directly phosphorylates RanGAP1 to facilitate RanBP2 subcomplex assembly and nuclear import and, thus, the nuclear translocation of AP-1 transcription factor. Mechanistically, TCR stimulation induces the translocation of activated PKC-θ to the NPC, where it interacts with and phosphorylates RanGAP1 on Ser504 and Ser506. RanGAP1 phosphorylation increases its binding affinity for Ubc9, thereby promoting sumoylation of RanGAP1 and, finally, assembly of the RanBP2 subcomplex. Our findings reveal an unexpected role of PKC-θ as a direct regulator of nuclear import and uncover a phosphorylation-dependent sumoylation of RanGAP1, delineating a novel link between TCR signaling and assembly of the RanBP2 NPC subcomplex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiguo Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen-Si Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Xiao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Gong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Yi Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiqi Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunting Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dianying Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Amnon Altman
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, United States
| | - Yingqiu Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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36
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Chen SH, Lin HH, Li YF, Tsai WC, Hueng DY. Clinical Significance and Systematic Expression Analysis of the Thyroid Receptor Interacting Protein 13 (TRIP13) as Human Gliomas Biomarker. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102338. [PMID: 34066132 PMCID: PMC8150328 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of malignant gliomas such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has remained poor due to limited therapeutic strategies. Thus, it is pivotal to determine prognostic factors for gliomas. Thyroid Receptor Interacting Protein 13 (TRIP13) was found to be overexpressed in several solid tumors, but its role and clinical significance in gliomas is still unclear. Here, we conducted a comprehensive expression analysis of TRIP13 to determine the prognostic values. Gene expression profiles of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) and GSE16011 dataset showed increased TRIP13 expression in advanced stage and worse prognosis in IDH-wild type lower-grade glioma. We performed RT-PCR and Western blot to validate TRIP13 mRNA expression and protein levels in GBM cell lines. TRIP13 co-expressed genes via database screening were regulated by essential cancer-related upstream regulators (such as TP53 and FOXM1). Then, TCGA analysis revealed that more TRIP13 promoter hypomethylation was observed in GBM than in low-grade glioma. We also inferred that the upregulated TRIP13 levels in gliomas could be regulated by dysfunction of miR-29 in gliomas patient cohorts. Moreover, TRIP13-expressing tumors not only had higher aneuploidy but also tended to reduce the ratio of CD8+/Treg, which led to a worse survival outcome. Overall, these findings demonstrate that TRIP13 has with multiple functions in gliomas, and they may be crucial for therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ssu-Han Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
| | - Hong-Han Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
| | - Yao-Feng Li
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (Y.-F.L.); (W.-C.T.)
| | - Wen-Chiuan Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (Y.-F.L.); (W.-C.T.)
| | - Dueng-Yuan Hueng
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-8792-3100 (ext. 18802)
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T cells: a dedicated effector kinase pathways for every trait? Biochem J 2021; 478:1303-1307. [PMID: 33755101 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Signaling pathways play critical roles in regulating the activation of T cells. Recognition of foreign peptide presented by MHC to the T cell receptor (TCR) triggers a signaling cascade of proximal kinases and adapter molecules that lead to the activation of Effector kinase pathways. These effector kinase pathways play pivotal roles in T cell activation, differentiation, and proliferation. RNA sequencing-based methods have provided insights into the gene expression programs that support the above-mentioned cell biological responses. The proteome is often overlooked. A recent study by Damasio et al. [Biochem. J. (2021) 478, 79-98. doi:10.1042/BCJ20200661] focuses on characterizing the effect of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) on the remodeling of the proteome of activated CD8+ T cells using Mass spectrometric analysis. Surprisingly, the Effector kinase ERK pathway is responsible for only a select proportion of the proteome that restructures during T cell activation. The primary targets of ERK signaling are transcription factors, cytokines, and cytokine receptors. In this commentary, we discuss the recent findings by Damasio et al. [Biochem. J. (2021) 478, 79-98. doi:10.1042/BCJ20200661] in the context of different Effector kinase pathways in activated T cells.
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Peltier D, Radosevich M, Ravikumar V, Pitchiaya S, Decoville T, Wood SC, Hou G, Zajac C, Oravecz-Wilson K, Sokol D, Henig I, Wu J, Kim S, Taylor A, Fujiwara H, Sun Y, Rao A, Chinnaiyan AM, Goldstein DR, Reddy P. RNA-seq of human T cells after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation identifies Linc00402 as a regulator of T cell alloimmunity. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/585/eaaz0316. [PMID: 33731431 PMCID: PMC8589011 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms governing allogeneic T cell responses after solid organ and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are incompletely understood. To identify lncRNAs that regulate human donor T cells after clinical HSCT, we performed RNA sequencing on T cells from healthy individuals and donor T cells from three different groups of HSCT recipients that differed in their degree of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) mismatch. We found that lncRNA differential expression was greatest in T cells after MHC-mismatched HSCT relative to T cells after either MHC-matched or autologous HSCT. Differential expression was validated in an independent patient cohort and in mixed lymphocyte reactions using ex vivo healthy human T cells. We identified Linc00402, an uncharacterized lncRNA, among the lncRNAs differentially expressed between the mismatched unrelated and matched unrelated donor T cells. We found that Linc00402 was conserved and exhibited an 88-fold increase in human T cells relative to all other samples in the FANTOM5 database. Linc00402 was also increased in donor T cells from patients who underwent allogeneic cardiac transplantation and in murine T cells. Linc00402 was reduced in patients who subsequently developed acute graft-versus-host disease. Linc00402 enhanced the activity of ERK1 and ERK2, increased FOS nuclear accumulation, and augmented expression of interleukin-2 and Egr-1 after T cell receptor engagement. Functionally, Linc00402 augmented the T cell proliferative response to an allogeneic stimulus but not to a nominal ovalbumin peptide antigen or polyclonal anti-CD3/CD28 stimulus. Thus, our studies identified Linc00402 as a regulator of allogeneic T cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Peltier
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Molly Radosevich
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Visweswaran Ravikumar
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, Biostatistics, Radiation Oncology, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | | | - Thomas Decoville
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Sherri C. Wood
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Guoqing Hou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Cynthia Zajac
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Katherine Oravecz-Wilson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - David Sokol
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Israel Henig
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Julia Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Stephanie Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Austin Taylor
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Hideaki Fujiwara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Yaping Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Arvind Rao
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, Biostatistics, Radiation Oncology, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Arul M. Chinnaiyan
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Department of Pathology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA, 48109
| | - Daniel R. Goldstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gerontology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Program of Michigan Biology of Cardiovascular Aging, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Pavan Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109.,Corresponding Author: Pavan Reddy,
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Sripada A, Sirohi K, Michalec L, Guo L, McKay JT, Yadav S, Verma M, Good J, Rollins D, Gorska MM, Alam R. Sprouty2 positively regulates T cell function and airway inflammation through regulation of CSK and LCK kinases. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001063. [PMID: 33684096 PMCID: PMC7971865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of Sprouty2 (Spry2) in T cells is unknown. Using 2 different (inducible and T cell-targeted) knockout mouse strains, we found that Spry2 positively regulated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling by modulating the activity of LCK. Spry2-/- CD4+ T cells were unable to activate LCK, proliferate, differentiate into T helper cells, or produce cytokines. Spry2 deficiency abrogated type 2 inflammation and airway hyperreactivity in a murine model of asthma. Spry2 expression was higher in blood and airway CD4+ T cells from patients with asthma, and Spry2 knockdown impaired human T cell proliferation and cytokine production. Spry2 deficiency up-regulated the lipid raft protein caveolin-1, enhanced its interaction with CSK, and increased CSK interaction with LCK, culminating in augmented inhibitory phosphorylation of LCK. Knockdown of CSK or dislodgment of caveolin-1-bound CSK restored ERK1/2 activation in Spry2-/- T cells, suggesting an essential role for Spry2 in LCK activation and T cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Sripada
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Kapil Sirohi
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Lidia Michalec
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Lei Guo
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jerome T McKay
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Sangya Yadav
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Mukesh Verma
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - James Good
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Donald Rollins
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Magdalena M Gorska
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Rafeul Alam
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
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40
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Llavero F, Arrazola Sastre A, Luque Montoro M, Martín MA, Arenas J, Lucia A, Zugaza JL. Small GTPases of the Ras superfamily and glycogen phosphorylase regulation in T cells. Small GTPases 2021; 12:106-113. [PMID: 31512989 PMCID: PMC7849735 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2019.1665968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Small GTPases, together with their regulatory and effector molecules, are key intermediaries in the complex signalling pathways that control almost all cellular processes, working as molecular switches to transduce extracellular cues into cellular responses that drive vital functions, such as intracellular transport, biomolecule synthesis, gene activation and cell survival. How all of these networks are linked to metabolic pathways is a subject of intensive study. Because any response to cellular action requires some form of energy input, elucidating how cells coordinate the signals that lead to a tangible response involving metabolism is central to understand cellular activities. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the molecular basis of the crosstalk between small GTPases of the Ras superfamily, specifically Rac1 and Ras/Rap1, and glycogen phosphorylase in T lymphocytes. Abbreviations: ADCY: adenylyl cyclase; ADCY6: adenylyl cyclase 6; BCR: B cell receptor; cAMP: 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate; CRIB: Cdc42/Rac binding domain; DLPFC: dysfunction of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor; Epac2: exchange protein directly activated by cAMP; GDP: guanodine-5'-diphosphate; GPCRs: G protein-coupled receptors; GTP: guanodin-5'-triphosphate; IL2: interleukin 2; IL2-R: interleukin 2 receptor; JAK: janus kinases; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; O-GlcNAc: O-glycosylation; PAK1: p21 activated kinase 1; PI3K: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PK: phosphorylase kinase; PKA: cAMP-dependent protein kinase A; PKCθ: protein kinase Cθ; PLCγ: phospholipase Cγ; Src: proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase c; STAT: signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Llavero
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alazne Arrazola Sastre
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Miriam Luque Montoro
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Martín
- Enfermedades Raras, Mitocondriales y Neuromusculares., Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Arenas
- Enfermedades Raras, Mitocondriales y Neuromusculares., Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Enfermedades Raras, Mitocondriales y Neuromusculares., Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBER FES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José L. Zugaza
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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41
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Kamali S, Rajendran R, Stadelmann C, Karnati S, Rajendran V, Giraldo-Velasquez M, Berghoff M. Oligodendrocyte-specific deletion of FGFR2 ameliorates MOG 35-55 -induced EAE through ERK and Akt signalling. Brain Pathol 2021; 31:297-311. [PMID: 33103299 PMCID: PMC8018040 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) are involved in demyelinating pathologies including multiple sclerosis (MS). In our recent study, oligodendrocyte‐specific deletion of FGFR1 resulted in a milder disease course, less inflammation, reduced myelin and axon damage in EAE. The objective of this study was to elucidate the role of oligodendroglial FGFR2 in MOG35‐55‐induced EAE. Oligodendrocyte‐specific knockout of FGFR2 (Fgfr2ind−/−) was achieved by application of tamoxifen; EAE was induced using the MOG35‐55 peptide. EAE symptoms were monitored over 62 days. Spinal cord tissue was analysed by histology, immunohistochemistry and western blot. Fgfr2ind−/− mice revealed a milder disease course, less myelin damage and enhanced axonal density. The number of oligodendrocytes was not affected in demyelinated areas. However, protein expression of FGFR2, FGF2 and FGF9 was downregulated in Fgfr2ind−/− mice. FGF/FGFR dependent signalling proteins were differentially regulated; pAkt was upregulated and pERK was downregulated in Fgfr2ind−/− mice. The number of CD3(+) T cells, Mac3(+) cells and B220(+) B cells was less in demyelinated lesions of Fgfr2ind−/− mice. Furthermore, expression of IL‐1β, TNF‐α and CD200 was less in Fgfr2ind−/− mice than controls. Fgfr2ind−/− mice showed an upregulation of PLP and downregulation of the remyelination inhibitors SEMA3A and TGF‐β expression. These data suggest that cell‐specific deletion of FGFR2 in oligodendrocytes has anti‐inflammatory and neuroprotective effects accompanied by changes in FGF/FGFR dependent signalling, inflammatory cytokines and expression of remyelination inhibitors. Thus, FGFRs in oligodendrocytes may represent potential targets for the treatment of inflammatory and demyelinating diseases including MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salar Kamali
- Department of Neurology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Christine Stadelmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Srikanth Karnati
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Martin Berghoff
- Department of Neurology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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42
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Luo L, Chen Y, Chen X, Zheng Y, Zhou V, Yu M, Burns R, Zhu W, Fu G, Felix JC, Hartley C, Damnernsawad A, Zhang J, Wen R, Drobyski WR, Gao C, Wang D. Kras-Deficient T Cells Attenuate Graft-versus-Host Disease but Retain Graft-versus-Leukemia Activity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:3480-3490. [PMID: 33158956 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is one major serious complication that is induced by alloreactive donor T cells recognizing host Ags and limits the success of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In the current studies, we identified a critical role of Kras in regulating alloreactive T cell function during aGVHD. Kras deletion in donor T cells dramatically reduced aGVHD mortality and severity in an MHC-mismatched allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation mouse model but largely maintained the antitumor capacity. Kras-deficient CD4 and CD8 T cells exhibited impaired TCR-induced activation of the ERK pathway. Kras deficiency altered TCR-induced gene expression profiles, including the reduced expression of various inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Moreover, Kras deficiency inhibited IL-6-mediated Th17 cell differentiation and impaired IL-6-induced ERK activation and gene expression in CD4 T cells. These findings support Kras as a novel and effective therapeutic target for aGVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Luo
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI 53226.,Department of Hematology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Yongwei Zheng
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Vivian Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Mei Yu
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Robert Burns
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Wen Zhu
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI 53226.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Guoping Fu
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Juan C Felix
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226; and
| | - Christopher Hartley
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226; and
| | - Alisa Damnernsawad
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Jing Zhang
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Renren Wen
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | | | - Chunji Gao
- Department of Hematology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Demin Wang
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI 53226; .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
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Wei G, Gao N, Chen J, Fan L, Zeng Z, Gao G, Li L, Fang G, Hu K, Pang X, Fan HY, Clevers H, Liu M, Zhang X, Li D. Erk and MAPK signaling is essential for intestinal development through Wnt pathway modulation. Development 2020; 147:dev.185678. [PMID: 32747435 DOI: 10.1242/dev.185678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Homeostasis of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) is maintained by the orchestration of niche factors and intrinsic signaling networks. Here, we have found that deletion of Erk1 and Erk2 (Erk1/2) in intestinal epithelial cells at embryonic stages resulted in an unexpected increase in cell proliferation and migration, expansion of ISCs, and formation of polyp-like structures, leading to postnatal death. Deficiency of epithelial Erk1/2 results in defects in secretory cell differentiation as well as impaired mesenchymal cell proliferation and maturation. Deletion of Erk1/2 strongly activated Wnt signaling through both cell-autonomous and non-autonomous mechanisms. In epithelial cells, Erk1/2 depletion resulted in loss of feedback regulation, leading to Ras/Raf cascade activation that transactivated Akt activity to stimulate the mTor and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Moreover, Erk1/2 deficiency reduced the levels of Indian hedgehog and the expression of downstream pathway components, including mesenchymal Bmp4 - a Wnt suppressor in intestines. Inhibition of mTor signaling by rapamycin partially rescued Erk1/2 depletion-induced intestinal defects and significantly prolonged the lifespan of mutant mice. These data demonstrate that Erk/Mapk signaling functions as a key modulator of Wnt signaling through coordination of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during intestinal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaigai Wei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Joint Research Center for Translational Medicine, ECNU-Fengxian Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Na Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Joint Research Center for Translational Medicine, ECNU-Fengxian Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jiwei Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Joint Research Center for Translational Medicine, ECNU-Fengxian Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lingling Fan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Joint Research Center for Translational Medicine, ECNU-Fengxian Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhiyang Zeng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Joint Research Center for Translational Medicine, ECNU-Fengxian Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ganglong Gao
- Fengxian Hospital affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shanghai 201499, China
| | - Liang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Joint Research Center for Translational Medicine, ECNU-Fengxian Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Guojiu Fang
- Fengxian Hospital affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shanghai 201499, China
| | - Kewen Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Joint Research Center for Translational Medicine, ECNU-Fengxian Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiufeng Pang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Joint Research Center for Translational Medicine, ECNU-Fengxian Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Heng-Yu Fan
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Joint Research Center for Translational Medicine, ECNU-Fengxian Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xueli Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Joint Research Center for Translational Medicine, ECNU-Fengxian Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China .,Fengxian Hospital affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shanghai 201499, China
| | - Dali Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Joint Research Center for Translational Medicine, ECNU-Fengxian Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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Kassouf T, Sumara G. Impact of Conventional and Atypical MAPKs on the Development of Metabolic Diseases. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091256. [PMID: 32872540 PMCID: PMC7563211 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The family of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) consists of fourteen members and has been implicated in regulation of virtually all cellular processes. MAPKs are divided into two groups, conventional and atypical MAPKs. Conventional MAPKs are further classified into four sub-families: extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK1, 2 and 3), p38 (α, β, γ, δ), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5). Four kinases, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 3, 4, and 7 (ERK3, 4 and 7) as well as Nemo-like kinase (NLK) build a group of atypical MAPKs, which are activated by different upstream mechanisms than conventional MAPKs. Early studies identified JNK1/2 and ERK1/2 as well as p38α as a central mediators of inflammation-evoked insulin resistance. These kinases have been also implicated in the development of obesity and diabetes. Recently, other members of conventional MAPKs emerged as important mediators of liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and pancreatic β-cell metabolism. Moreover, latest studies indicate that atypical members of MAPK family play a central role in the regulation of adipose tissue function. In this review, we summarize early studies on conventional MAPKs as well as recent findings implicating previously ignored members of the MAPK family. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of drugs targeting specific members of the MAPK family.
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45
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Kumar S, Singh SK, Viswakarma N, Sondarva G, Nair RS, Sethupathi P, Dorman M, Sinha SC, Hoskins K, Thatcher G, Rana B, Rana A. Rationalized inhibition of mixed lineage kinase 3 and CD70 enhances life span and antitumor efficacy of CD8 + T cells. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:e000494. [PMID: 32759234 PMCID: PMC7410077 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are important for T cell survival and their effector function. Mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK3) (MAP3K11) is an upstream regulator of MAP kinases and emerging as a potential candidate for targeted cancer therapy; yet, its role in T cell survival and effector function is not known. METHODS T cell phenotypes, apoptosis and intracellular cytokine expressions were analyzed by flow cytometry. The apoptosis-associated gene expressions in CD8+CD38+ T cells were measured using RT2 PCR array. In vivo effect of combined blockade of MLK3 and CD70 was analyzed in 4T1 tumor model in immunocompetent mice. The serum level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS We report that genetic loss or pharmacological inhibition of MLK3 induces CD70-TNFα-TNFRSF1a axis-mediated apoptosis in CD8+ T cells. The genetic loss of MLK3 decreases CD8+ T cell population, whereas CD4+ T cells are partially increased under basal condition. Moreover, the loss of MLK3 induces CD70-mediated apoptosis in CD8+ T cells but not in CD4+ T cells. Among the activated CD8+ T cell phenotypes, CD8+CD38+ T cell population shows more than five fold increase in apoptosis due to loss of MLK3, and the expression of TNFRSF1a is significantly higher in CD8+CD38+ T cells. In addition, we observed that CD70 is an upstream regulator of TNFα-TNFRSF1a axis and necessary for induction of apoptosis in CD8+ T cells. Importantly, blockade of CD70 attenuates apoptosis and enhances effector function of CD8+ T cells from MLK3-/- mice. In immune-competent breast cancer mouse model, pharmacological inhibition of MLK3 along with CD70 increased tumor infiltration of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, leading to reduction in tumor burden largely via mitochondrial apoptosis. CONCLUSION Together, these results demonstrate that MLK3 plays an important role in CD8+ T cell survival and effector function and MLK3-CD70 axis could serve as a potential target in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Navin Viswakarma
- Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gautam Sondarva
- Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - Matthew Dorman
- Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Kent Hoskins
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gregory Thatcher
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Basabi Rana
- Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ajay Rana
- Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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46
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Wu PK, Becker A, Park JI. Growth Inhibitory Signaling of the Raf/MEK/ERK Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155436. [PMID: 32751750 PMCID: PMC7432891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to extracellular stimuli, the Raf/MEK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway regulates diverse cellular processes. While mainly known as a mitogenic signaling pathway, the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway can mediate not only cell proliferation and survival but also cell cycle arrest and death in different cell types. Growing evidence suggests that the cell fate toward these paradoxical physiological outputs may be determined not only at downstream effector levels but also at the pathway level, which involves the magnitude of pathway activity, spatial-temporal regulation, and non-canonical functions of the molecular switches in this pathway. This review discusses recent updates on the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathway-mediated growth inhibitory signaling, with a major focus on the regulation mediated at the pathway level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui-Kei Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA;
- Correspondence: (P.-K.W.); (J.-I.P.)
| | - Andrew Becker
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA;
| | - Jong-In Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA;
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Correspondence: (P.-K.W.); (J.-I.P.)
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Machado A, Pouzolles M, Gailhac S, Fritz V, Craveiro M, López-Sánchez U, Kondo T, Pala F, Bosticardo M, Notarangelo LD, Petit V, Taylor N, Zimmermann VS. Phosphate Transporter Profiles in Murine and Human Thymi Identify Thymocytes at Distinct Stages of Differentiation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1562. [PMID: 32793218 PMCID: PMC7387685 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymocyte differentiation is dependent on the availability and transport of metabolites in the thymus niche. As expression of metabolite transporters is a rate-limiting step in nutrient utilization, cell surface transporter levels generally reflect the cell's metabolic state. The GLUT1 glucose transporter is upregulated on actively dividing thymocytes, identifying thymocytes with an increased metabolism. However, it is not clear whether transporters of essential elements such as phosphate are modulated during thymocyte differentiation. While PiT1 and PiT2 are both phosphate transporters in the SLC20 family, we show here that they exhibit distinct expression profiles on both murine and human thymocytes. PiT2 expression distinguishes thymocytes with high metabolic activity, identifying immature murine double negative (CD4−CD8−) DN3b and DN4 thymocyte blasts as well as immature single positive (ISP) CD8 thymocytes. Notably, the absence of PiT2 expression on RAG2-deficient thymocytes, blocked at the DN3a stage, strongly suggests that high PiT2 expression is restricted to thymocytes having undergone a productive TCRβ rearrangement at the DN3a/DN3b transition. Similarly, in the human thymus, PiT2 was upregulated on early post-β selection CD4+ISP and TCRαβ−CD4hiDP thymocytes co-expressing the CD71 transferrin receptor, a marker of metabolic activity. In marked contrast, expression of the PiT1 phosphate importer was detected on mature CD3+ murine and human thymocytes. Notably, PiT1 expression on CD3+DN thymocytes was identified as a biomarker of an aging thymus, increasing from 8.4 ± 1.5% to 42.4 ± 9.4% by 1 year of age (p < 0.0001). We identified these cells as TCRγδ and, most significantly, NKT, representing 77 ± 9% of PiT1+DN thymocytes by 1 year of age (p < 0.001). Thus, metabolic activity and thymic aging are associated with distinct expression profiles of the PiT1 and PiT2 phosphate transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Machado
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States.,Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie Pouzolles
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sarah Gailhac
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Vanessa Fritz
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Marco Craveiro
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Uriel López-Sánchez
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Taisuke Kondo
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Francesca Pala
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Marita Bosticardo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | - Naomi Taylor
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States.,Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie S Zimmermann
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States.,Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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Endothelial MAP2K1 mutations in arteriovenous malformation activate the RAS/MAPK pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:450-454. [PMID: 32703450 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a locally destructive congenital vascular anomaly caused by somatic mutations in MAP2K1. The mutation is isolated to endothelial cells (ECs). The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of mutant MAP2K1 on EC signaling and vascular network formation. Pathway effects were studied using both mutant MAP2K1 (K57N) human AVM tissue and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) engineered to overexpress the MAP2K1 (K57N) mutation. Western blot was used to determine cell signaling along the RAS/MAPK pathway. Geltrex tube formation assays were performed to assess EC vascular network formation. Cells were treated with a MAP2K1 inhibitor (Trametinib) to determine its effect on signaling and vascular tube formation. Human mutant MAP2K1-AVM ECs had similar baseline MEK1 and ERK1/2 expression with controls; however, mutant MAP2K1-AVM ECs produced significantly more phosphorylated ERK1/2 than wild-type ECs. Mutant MAP2K1 HUVECs demonstrated significantly more phosphorylated ERK1/2 than control HUVECs. Trametinib reduced the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in mutant cells and prevented the ability of ECs to form vascular networks. AVM MAP2K1 mutations activate RAS/MAPK signaling in ECs. ERK activation and vascular network formation are reduced with Trametinib. Pharmacotherapy using MAP2K1 inhibitors may prevent the formation or progression of AVMs.
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Myers DR, Norlin E, Vercoulen Y, Roose JP. Active Tonic mTORC1 Signals Shape Baseline Translation in Naive T Cells. Cell Rep 2020; 27:1858-1874.e6. [PMID: 31067469 PMCID: PMC6593126 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Naive CD4+ T cells are an example of dynamic cell homeostasis: T cells need to avoid autoreactivity while constantly seeing self-peptides, yet they must be primed to react to foreign antigens during infection. The instructive signals that balance this primed yet quiescent state are unknown. Interactions with self-peptides result in membrane-proximal, tonic signals in resting T cells. Here we reveal selective and robust tonic mTORC1 signals in CD4+ T cells that influence T cell fate decisions. We find that the Ras exchange factor Rasgrp1 is necessary to generate tonic mTORC1 signals. Genome-wide ribosome profiling of resting, primary CD4+ T cells uncovers a baseline translational landscape rich in mTOR targets linked to mitochondria, oxidative phosphorylation, and splicing. Aberrantly increased tonic mTORC1 signals from a Rasgrp1Anaef allele result in immunopathology with spontaneous appearance of T peripheral helper cells, follicular helper T cells, and anti-nuclear antibodies that are preceded by subtle alterations in the translational landscape. Myers et al. evaluate a mouse model of autoimmunity, Rasgrp1Anaef. They find that T cells with the Rasgrp1Anaef allele exhibit altered signaling from Rasgrp1 to the mTORC1 pathway in the basal state. They show that increased basal Rasgrp1Anaef-mTORC1 signals lead to an altered translational landscape in T cells and immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darienne R Myers
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Emilia Norlin
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Yvonne Vercoulen
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jeroen P Roose
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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50
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Jeng KS, Lu SJ, Wang CH, Chang CF. Liver Fibrosis and Inflammation under the Control of ERK2. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113796. [PMID: 32471201 PMCID: PMC7312875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver injury could lead the formation of liver fibrosis, eventually some would develop to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the leading malignancies worldwide. The aim of the study is to dissect the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2) signaling in liver fibrosis and inflammation. The choline-deficient, ethionine-supplemented (CDE) diet could lead to fatty livers and generate oval cells, activate hepatocyte stellate cell (HSC) and recruit immune cells as the liver fibrosis model mice. WT and ERK2 deficient (ERK2−/−) mice were compared in terms of liver weight/body weight, liver function, liver fibrosis markers and the differential gene expression in hepatotoxicity. ERK2−/− mice display the less degree of liver fibrosis when compared to WT mice. The protein level of alpha smooth muscle (α-SMA) was reduced and several hepatocellular carcinoma-related genes such as MMP9, FoxM1 were down-regulated. In addition, the cell proliferation and the percentages of activated T cells were reduced in ERK2−/− mice upon liver injury. Therefore, ERK2 plays an important role in regulating liver cirrhosis and inflammation.
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