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Benhamouda N, Besbes A, Bauer R, Mabrouk N, Gadouas G, Desaint C, Chevrier L, Lefebvre M, Radenne A, Roelens M, Parfait B, Weiskopf D, Sette A, Gruel N, Courbebaisse M, Appay V, Paul S, Gorochov G, Ropers J, Lebbah S, Lelievre JD, Johannes L, Ulmer J, Lebeaux D, Friedlander G, De Lamballerie X, Ravel P, Kieny MP, Batteux F, Durier C, Launay O, Tartour E. Cytokine profile of anti-spike CD4 +T cells predicts humoral and CD8 +T cell responses after anti-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. iScience 2024; 27:110441. [PMID: 39104410 PMCID: PMC11298648 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Coordinating immune responses - humoral and cellular - is vital for protection against severe Covid-19. Our study evaluates a multicytokine CD4+T cell signature's predictive for post-vaccinal serological and CD8+T cell responses. A cytokine signature composed of four cytokines (IL-2, TNF-α, IP10, IL-9) excluding IFN-γ, and generated through machine learning, effectively predicted the CD8+T cell response following mRNA-1273 or BNT162b2 vaccine administration. Its applicability extends to murine vaccination models, encompassing diverse immunization routes (such as intranasal) and vaccine platforms (including adjuvanted proteins). Notably, we found correlation between CD4+T lymphocyte-produced IL-21 and the humoral response. Consequently, we propose a test that offers a rapid overview of integrated immune responses. This approach holds particular relevance for scenarios involving immunocompromised patients because they often have low cell counts (lymphopenia) or pandemics. This study also underscores the pivotal role of CD4+T cells during a vaccine response and highlights their value in vaccine immunomonitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Benhamouda
- Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Hôpital Necker Department of Immunology, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U970, PARCC, Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Hôpital Necker Department of Immunology, Paris, France
| | - Anissa Besbes
- Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Hôpital Necker Department of Immunology, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U970, PARCC, Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Hôpital Necker Department of Immunology, Paris, France
| | | | - Nesrine Mabrouk
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U970, PARCC, Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Hôpital Necker Department of Immunology, Paris, France
| | - Gauthier Gadouas
- Bioinformatics and Cancer System Biology Team, IRCM-INSERM U1194, Institut de Recherche en Cancerologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Corinne Desaint
- INSERM SC10-US019, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, CIC 1417, F-CRIN, Innovative Clinical Research Network in Vaccinology (I-REIVAC), APHP, CIC Cochin Pasteur, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Lucie Chevrier
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1016 Insitut Cochin, Hôpital Cochin, APHP, Centre Service d’immunologie Biologique, Paris, France
| | - Maeva Lefebvre
- Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Centre de prévention des maladies infectieuses et transmissibles CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Anne Radenne
- Unité de Recherche Clinique des Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière-Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Marie Roelens
- Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Hôpital Necker Department of Immunology, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U970, PARCC, Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Hôpital Necker Department of Immunology, Paris, France
| | - Béatrice Parfait
- Centre de ressources Biologiques, Hôpital Cochin, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine in Health Sciences, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nadège Gruel
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Diversity and Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Lab, Centre de Recherche, Institut Curie, Université PSL, Paris, France
- Department of Translational Research, Centre de Recherche, Institut Curie, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Marie Courbebaisse
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Explorations fonctionnelles rénales, Physiologie, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Victor Appay
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5164, INSERM ERL 1303, ImmunoConcEpT, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- International Research Center of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Stephane Paul
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université Jean Monnet, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, INSERM, CIC 1408 INSERM Vaccinology, Immunology Department, iBiothera Reference Center, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Guy Gorochov
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Ropers
- Unité de Recherche Clinique des Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière –Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière- Charles Foix, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Said Lebbah
- Unité de Recherche Clinique des Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière –Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière- Charles Foix, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Daniel Lelievre
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
- INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
- Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, APHP, Créteil, France
| | - Ludger Johannes
- Cellular and Chemical Biology Unit, U1143 INSERM, UMR3666 CNRS, Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Jonathan Ulmer
- Cellular and Chemical Biology Unit, U1143 INSERM, UMR3666 CNRS, Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - David Lebeaux
- Université Paris Cité, Service de maladies infectieuses Hôpital Saint Louis/Lariboisère APHP, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Gerard Friedlander
- Department of « Croissance et Signalisation », Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Xavier De Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Émergents, UVE: Aix-Marseille Université, IRD 190, INSERM 1207 Marseille, France
| | - Patrice Ravel
- Bioinformatics and Cancer System Biology Team, IRCM-INSERM U1194, Institut de Recherche en Cancerologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie Paule Kieny
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Fréderic Batteux
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1016 Insitut Cochin, Hôpital Cochin, APHP, Centre Service d’immunologie Biologique, Paris, France
| | | | - Odile Launay
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, CIC 1417, F-CRIN, Innovative Clinical Research Network in Vaccinology (I-REIVAC), APHP, CIC Cochin Pasteur, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Eric Tartour
- Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Hôpital Necker Department of Immunology, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U970, PARCC, Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Hôpital Necker Department of Immunology, Paris, France
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2
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Jones CH, Hauguel T, Beitelshees M, Davitt M, Welch V, Lindert K, Allen P, True JM, Dolsten M. Deciphering immune responses: a comparative analysis of influenza vaccination platforms. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:104125. [PMID: 39097221 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Influenza still poses a significant challenge due to its high mutation rates and the low effectiveness of traditional vaccines. At present, antibodies that neutralize the highly variable hemagglutinin antigen are a major driver of the observed variable protection. To decipher how influenza vaccines can be improved, an analysis of licensed vaccine platforms was conducted, contrasting the strengths and limitations of their different mechanisms of protection. Through this review, it is evident that these vaccines do not elicit the robust cellular immune response critical for protecting high-risk groups. Emerging platforms, such as RNA vaccines, that induce robust cellular responses that may be additive to the recognized mechanism of protection through hemagglutinin inhibition may overcome these constraints to provide broader, protective immunity. By combining both humoral and cellular responses, such platforms could help guide the future influenza vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Verna Welch
- Pfizer, Hudson Boulevard, New York, NY 10018, USA
| | | | - Pirada Allen
- Pfizer, Hudson Boulevard, New York, NY 10018, USA
| | - Jane M True
- Pfizer, Hudson Boulevard, New York, NY 10018, USA.
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Nel I, Ithayakumar A, Blumenthal N, Duneton C, Khourouj VGE, Viala J, Dollfus C, Baudouin V, Guilmin-Crepon S, Theodorou I, Carcelain G. Strategies to determine positive anti-SARS-CoV-2 memory T lymphocyte response during the evolution of an epidemic. J Immunol Methods 2024; 531:113712. [PMID: 38906414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2024.113712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
During SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the assessment of immune protection of people at risk of severe infection was an important goal. The appearance of VOCs (Variant of Concern) highlighted the limits of evaluating immune protection through the humoral response. While the humoral response partly loses its neutralizing activity, the anti-SARS-CoV-2 memory T cell response strongly cross protects against VOCs becoming an indispensable tool to assess immune protection. We compared two techniques available in laboratory to evaluate anti-SARS-CoV-2 memory T cell response in a cohort of infected or vaccinated patients with different levels of risk to develop a severe disease: the ELISpot assay and the T-Cell Lymphocyte Proliferation Assay respectively exploring IFNγ production and cell proliferation. We showed that the ELISpot assay detected more anti-Spike memory T cell response than the Lymphocyte Proliferation Assay. We next observed that the use of two different suppliers as antigenic source in the ELISpot assay did not affect the detection of anti-Spike memory T cell response. Finally, we explored a new approach for defining the positivity threshold, using unsupervised mixed Gaussian modeling, challenging the traditional ROC curve used by the supplier. That will be helpful in endemic situation where it could be difficult to recruit "negative" patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Nel
- Immunology Department, Robert-Debré Hospital, APHP, Paris, France; University Paris Cité, INSERM U976, France
| | | | | | - Charlotte Duneton
- Immunology Department, Robert-Debré Hospital, APHP, Paris, France; University Paris Cité, INSERM U976, France; Pediatric Nephrology Department, Robert-Debré Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | | | - Jérôme Viala
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Robert-Debré Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Dollfus
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Department, Trousseau Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Baudouin
- Pediatric Nephrology Department, Robert-Debré Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Guilmin-Crepon
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Inserm CIC-EC 1426, Robert-Debré Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | | | - Guislaine Carcelain
- Immunology Department, Robert-Debré Hospital, APHP, Paris, France; University Paris Cité, INSERM U976, France.
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4
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Liu J, Han H, Yang B, Zhang N, Li J, Chen X, Wu J, Zhao Y, Yang Y. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the HC009 mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1416375. [PMID: 39131158 PMCID: PMC11310568 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1416375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
With the rapid global spread of COVID-19 and the continuous emergence of variants, there is an urgent need to develop safe and effective vaccines. Here, we developed a novel mRNA vaccine, HC009, based on new formulation by the QTsome delivery platform. Immunogenicity results showed that the prime-boost immunization strategy with HC009 was able to induce robust and durable humoral immunity, as well as Th1-biased cellular responses in rodents or non-human primates (NHPs). After further challenge with live SARS-CoV-2 virus, HC009 provided adequate protection against virus infection in hACE2 transgenic mice. Therefore, HC009 could provide significant immune protection against SARS-CoV-2.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
- COVID-19/prevention & control
- COVID-19/immunology
- Mice
- mRNA Vaccines/immunology
- Mice, Transgenic
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Humans
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Immunity, Humoral
- Female
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Vaccine Efficacy
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- Nucleic Acid Medicine Innovation Center, Zhejiang Haichang Biotech Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yongsheng Yang
- Nucleic Acid Medicine Innovation Center, Zhejiang Haichang Biotech Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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5
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Chang LA, Schotsaert M. Ally, adversary, or arbitrator? The context-dependent role of eosinophils in vaccination for respiratory viruses and subsequent breakthrough infections. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 116:224-243. [PMID: 38289826 PMCID: PMC11288382 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are a critical type of immune cell and central players in type 2 immunity. Existing literature suggests that eosinophils also can play a role in host antiviral responses, typically type 1 immune events, against multiple respiratory viruses, both directly through release of antiviral mediators and indirectly through activation of other effector cell types. One way to prime host immune responses toward effective antiviral responses is through vaccination, where typically a type 1-skewed immunity is desirable in the context of intracellular pathogens like respiratory viruses. In the realm of breakthrough respiratory viral infection in vaccinated hosts, an event in which virus can still establish productive infection despite preexisting immunity, eosinophils are most prominently known for their link to vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease upon natural respiratory syncytial virus infection. This was observed in a pediatric cohort during the 1960s following vaccination with formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus. More recent research has unveiled additional roles of the eosinophil in respiratory viral infection and breakthrough infection. The specific contribution of eosinophils to the quality of vaccine responses, vaccine efficacy, and antiviral responses to infection in vaccinated hosts remains largely unexplored, especially regarding their potential roles in protection. On the basis of current findings, we will speculate upon the suggested function of eosinophils and consider the many potential ways by which eosinophils may exert protective and pathological effects in breakthrough infections. We will also discuss how to balance vaccine efficacy with eosinophil-related risks, as well as the use of eosinophils and their products as potential biomarkers of vaccine efficacy or adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Chang
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1124, New York, NY 10029, United States
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1124, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Michael Schotsaert
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1124, New York, NY 10029, United States
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1124, New York, NY 10029, United States
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, Box 1630, New York, NY 10029, United States
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, United States
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6
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Chong EA, Kumashie KG, Chong ER, Fabrizio J, Gupta A, Svoboda J, Barta SK, Walsh KM, Napier EB, Lundberg RK, Nasta SD, Gerson JN, Landsburg DJ, Gonzalez J, Gaano A, Weirick ME, McAllister CM, Awofolaju M, John GN, Kammerman SC, Novacek J, Pajarillo R, Lundgreen KA, Tanenbaum N, Gouma S, Drapeau EM, Adamski S, D’Andrea K, Pattekar A, Hicks A, Korte S, Sharma H, Herring S, Williams JC, Hamilton JT, Bates P, Hensley SE, Prak ETL, Greenplate AR, Wherry EJ, Schuster SJ, Ruella M, Vella LA. Immunologic Predictors of Vaccine Responsiveness in Patients With Lymphoma and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. J Infect Dis 2024; 230:15-27. [PMID: 39052709 PMCID: PMC11272091 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiae106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with B-cell lymphomas have altered cellular components of vaccine responses due to malignancy and therapy, and the optimal timing of vaccination relative to therapy remains unknown. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccines created an opportunity for new insights in vaccine timing because patients were challenged with a novel antigen across multiple phases of treatment. We studied serologic messenger RNA vaccine response in retrospective and prospective cohorts with lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia, paired with clinical and research immune parameters. Reduced serologic response was observed more frequently during active treatment, but nonresponse was also common within observation and posttreatment groups. Total immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin M correlated with successful vaccine response. In individuals treated with anti-CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells, nonresponse was associated with reduced B and T follicular helper cells. Predictors of vaccine response varied by disease and therapeutic group, and therefore further studies of immune health during and after cancer therapies are needed to individualize vaccine timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise A Chong
- The Richard Berman Family Innovations Center in CLL and Lymphomas, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania
| | | | - Emeline R Chong
- The Richard Berman Family Innovations Center in CLL and Lymphomas, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph Fabrizio
- The Richard Berman Family Innovations Center in CLL and Lymphomas, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Aditi Gupta
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Jakub Svoboda
- The Richard Berman Family Innovations Center in CLL and Lymphomas, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Stefan K Barta
- The Richard Berman Family Innovations Center in CLL and Lymphomas, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Kristy M Walsh
- The Richard Berman Family Innovations Center in CLL and Lymphomas, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Ellen B Napier
- The Richard Berman Family Innovations Center in CLL and Lymphomas, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Rachel K Lundberg
- The Richard Berman Family Innovations Center in CLL and Lymphomas, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Sunita D Nasta
- The Richard Berman Family Innovations Center in CLL and Lymphomas, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania
| | - James N Gerson
- The Richard Berman Family Innovations Center in CLL and Lymphomas, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel J Landsburg
- The Richard Berman Family Innovations Center in CLL and Lymphomas, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gavin N John
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
| | - Shane C Kammerman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
| | - Josef Novacek
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sharon Adamski
- Institute for Immunology
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
| | - Kurt D’Andrea
- Institute for Immunology
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
| | - Ajinkya Pattekar
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
| | - Amanda Hicks
- Institute for Immunology
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
| | - Scott Korte
- Institute for Immunology
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
| | - Harsh Sharma
- Institute for Immunology
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
| | - Sarah Herring
- Institute for Immunology
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
| | | | - Jacob T Hamilton
- Institute for Immunology
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | - E John Wherry
- Institute for Immunology
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephen J Schuster
- The Richard Berman Family Innovations Center in CLL and Lymphomas, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Marco Ruella
- The Richard Berman Family Innovations Center in CLL and Lymphomas, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies
- Institute for Immunology
| | - Laura A Vella
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
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7
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Qin XJ, Hu WJ, Xu XJ. Exploring the mechanism of Corbrin capsules in the intervention of AKI-COVID-19 based on network pharmacology combined with GEO dataset. Gene 2024; 916:148438. [PMID: 38579905 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
AIM of the study: This study used network pharmacology and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to investigate the therapeutic effects of Corbrin capsules on acute kidney injury (AKI)-COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). MATERIALS AND METHODS The active constituents and specific molecular targets of Corbrin capsules were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) and Swiss Target Prediction databases. The targets related to AKI and COVID-19 disease were obtained from the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), GeneCards, and GEO databases. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by utilizing Cytoscape. To enhance the analysis of pathways associated with the pathogenesis of AKI-COVID-19, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed. Furthermore, immune infiltration analysis was performed by using single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) and CIBERSORT. Molecular docking was used to assess interactions between differentially expressed genes and active ingredients. Verification was performed by utilizing GEO databases and in vivo assays. RESULTS This study revealed an overlap of 18 significantly differentially expressed genes between the Corbrin capsules group and the AKI-COVID-19 target group. Analysis of the PPI network identified TP53, JAK2, PIK3CA, PTGS2, KEAP1, and MCL1 as the top six core protein targets with the highest degrees. The results obtained from GO and KEGG analyses demonstrated that the target genes were primarily enriched in the apoptosis and JAK-STAT signaling pathways. Moreover, the analysis of immune infiltration revealed a notable disparity in the percentage of quiescent memory CD4 + T cells. Western blot analyses provided compelling evidence suggesting that the dysregulation of 6 core protein targets could be effectively reversed by Corbrin capsules. CONCLUSION This study revealed the key components, targets, and pathways involved in treating AKI-related COVID-19 using Corbrin capsules. This study also provided a new understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Juan Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 117 Meishan Road, Hefei, China, 230031; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui, China, 230012
| | - Wen-Jie Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 117 Meishan Road, Hefei, China, 230031
| | - Xian-Jin Xu
- Hefei Ion Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China, 230088.
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8
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Choi YS, Felgner J, Jan S, Hernandez-Davies JE, Davies DH, Kwon YJ. Administration sequence- and formation-dependent vaccination using acid-degradable polymeric nanoparticles with high antigen encapsulation capability. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:6577-6586. [PMID: 38872501 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02834h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Vaccines aim to efficiently and specifically activate the immune system via a cascade of antigen uptake, processing, and presentation by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to CD4 and CD8 T cells, which in turn drive humoral and cellular immune responses. The specific formulation of vaccine carriers can not only shield the antigens from premature sequestering before reaching APCs but also favorably promote intracellular antigen presentation and processing. This study compares two different acid-degradable polymeric nanoparticles that are capable of encapsulating a moderately immunogenic antigen, GFP, at nearly full efficacy via electrostatic interactions or molecular affinity between His tag and Ni-NTA-conjugated monomners. This resulted in GFP-encapsulating NPs composed of ketal monomers and crosslinkers (KMX/GFP NPs) and NTA-conjugated ketal monomers and crosslinkers (NKMX/GFP NPs), respectively. Encapsulated GFP was found to be released more rapidly from NKMX/GFP NPs (electrostatic encapsulation) than from KMX/GFP NPs (affinity-driven encapsulation). In vivo vaccination studies demonstrated that while repeated injections of either NP formulation resulted in poorer generation of anti-GFP antibodies than injections of the GFP antigen itself, sequential injections of NPs and GFP as prime and booster vaccines, respectively, restored the humoral response. We proposed that NPs primarily assist APCs in antigen presentation by T cells, and B cells need to be further stimulated by free protein antigens to produce antibodies. The findings of this study suggest that the immune response can be modulated by varying the chemistry of vaccine carriers and the sequences of vaccination with free antigens and antigen-encapsulating NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Su Choi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Jiin Felgner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Sharon Jan
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | | | - D Huw Davies
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Young Jik Kwon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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9
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Muñoz-Gómez MJ, Ryan P, Quero-Delgado M, Martin-Vicente M, Cuevas G, Valencia J, Jiménez E, Blanca-López N, Lara-Álvarez MÁ, Hernández-Rivas JÁ, Redondo G, Mas V, Sepúlveda-Crespo D, Vázquez M, Torres-Macho J, Martínez I, Resino S. Immune response against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in cancer patients after COVID-19 vaccination during the Omicron wave: a prospective study. J Infect Public Health 2024; 17:102473. [PMID: 38865774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer patients often have weakened immune systems, resulting in a lower response to vaccines, especially those receiving immunosuppressive oncological treatment (OT). We aimed to assess the impact of OT on the humoral and T-cell response to the B.1 lineage and Omicron variant following COVID-19 vaccination in patients with solid and hematological neoplasms. METHODS We conducted a prospective study on cancer patients, stratified into OT and non-OT groups, who received a two-dose series of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine and a booster six months later. The outcomes measured were the humoral (anti-SARS-CoV-2 S IgG titers and ACE2-S interaction inhibition capacity) and cellular (SARS-CoV-2 S-specific T-cell spots per million PBMCs) responses against the B.1 lineage and Omicron variant. These responses were evaluated four weeks after the second dose (n = 98) and eight weeks after the booster dose (n = 71). RESULTS The humoral response after the second vaccine dose against the B.1 lineage and Omicron variant was significantly weaker in the OT group compared to the non-OT group (q-value<0.05). A booster dose of the mRNA-1273 vaccine significantly improved the humoral response in the OT group, making it comparable to the non-OT group. The mRNA-1273 vaccine, designed for the original Wuhan strain, elicited a weaker humoral response against the Omicron variant compared to the B.1 lineage, regardless of oncological treatment or vaccine dose. In contrast, T-cell responses against SARS-CoV-2, including the Omicron variant, were already present after the second vaccine dose and were not significantly affected by oncological treatments. CONCLUSIONS Cancer patients, particularly those receiving immunosuppressive oncological treatments, should require booster doses and adapted COVID-19 vaccines for new SARS-CoV-2 variants like Omicron. Future studies should evaluate the durability of the immune response and the efficacy of individualized regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Muñoz-Gómez
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pablo Ryan
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marta Quero-Delgado
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Martin-Vicente
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Jorge Valencia
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eva Jiménez
- Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Miguel Ángel Lara-Álvarez
- Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - José Ángel Hernández-Rivas
- Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Vicente Mas
- Unidad de Biología Viral, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Daniel Sepúlveda-Crespo
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mónica Vázquez
- Unidad de Biología Viral, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan Torres-Macho
- Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Isidoro Martínez
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Salvador Resino
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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10
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Gray-Gaillard SL, Solis SM, Chen HM, Monteiro C, Ciabattoni G, Samanovic MI, Cornelius AR, Williams T, Geesey E, Rodriguez M, Ortigoza MB, Ivanova EN, Koralov SB, Mulligan MJ, Herati RS. SARS-CoV-2 inflammation durably imprints memory CD4 T cells. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadj8526. [PMID: 38905326 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adj8526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Memory CD4 T cells are critical to human immunity, yet it is unclear whether viral inflammation during memory formation has long-term consequences. Here, we compared transcriptional and epigenetic landscapes of Spike (S)-specific memory CD4 T cells in 24 individuals whose first exposure to S was via SARS-CoV-2 infection or mRNA vaccination. Nearly 2 years after memory formation, S-specific CD4 T cells established by infection remained enriched for transcripts related to cytotoxicity and for interferon-stimulated genes, likely because of a chromatin accessibility landscape altered by inflammation. Moreover, S-specific CD4 T cells primed by infection had reduced proliferative capacity in vitro relative to vaccine-primed cells. Furthermore, the transcriptional state of S-specific memory CD4 T cells was minimally altered by booster immunization and/or breakthrough infection. Thus, infection-associated inflammation durably imprints CD4 T cell memory, which affects the function of these cells and may have consequences for long-term immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie L Gray-Gaillard
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sabrina M Solis
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Han M Chen
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Clarice Monteiro
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Grace Ciabattoni
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marie I Samanovic
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amber R Cornelius
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tijaana Williams
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emilie Geesey
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miguel Rodriguez
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mila Brum Ortigoza
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ellie N Ivanova
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sergei B Koralov
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark J Mulligan
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ramin Sedaghat Herati
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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11
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Mallory M, Munt JE, Narowski TM, Castillo I, Cuadra E, Pisanic N, Fields P, Powers JM, Dickson A, Harris R, Wargowsky R, Moran S, Allabban A, Raphel K, McCaffrey TA, Brien JD, Heaney CD, Lafleur JE, Baric RS, Premkumar L. COVID-19 point-of-care tests can identify low-antibody individuals: In-depth immunoanalysis of boosting benefits in a healthy cohort. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadi1379. [PMID: 38865463 PMCID: PMC11168476 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi1379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The recommended COVID-19 booster vaccine uptake is low. At-home lateral flow assay (LFA) antigen tests are widely accepted for detecting infection during the pandemic. Here, we present the feasibility and potential benefits of using LFA-based antibody tests as a means for individuals to detect inadequate immunity and make informed decisions about COVID-19 booster immunization. In a health care provider cohort, we investigated the changes in the breadth and depth of humoral and T cell immune responses following mRNA vaccination and boosting in LFA-positive and LFA-negative antibody groups. We show that negative LFA antibody tests closely reflect the lack of functional humoral immunity observed in a battery of sophisticated immune assays, while positive results do not necessarily reflect adequate immunity. After booster vaccination, both groups gain depth and breadth of systemic antibodies against evolving SARS-CoV-2 and related viruses. Our findings show that LFA-based antibody tests can alert individuals about inadequate immunity against COVID-19, thereby increasing booster shots and promoting herd immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mallory
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, UNC Chapel Hill School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Munt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, UNC Chapel Hill School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tara M. Narowski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Izabella Castillo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Edwing Cuadra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nora Pisanic
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - John M. Powers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, UNC Chapel Hill School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alexandria Dickson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rohan Harris
- Department Emergency Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Richard Wargowsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genomic Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Seamus Moran
- Department Emergency Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ahmed Allabban
- Department Emergency Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kristin Raphel
- Department Emergency Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Timothy A. McCaffrey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genomic Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - James D. Brien
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Christopher D. Heaney
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John E. Lafleur
- Department Emergency Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, UNC Chapel Hill School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lakshmanane Premkumar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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12
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Eisa M, Gomez-Escobar E, Bédard N, Abdeltawab NF, Flores N, Mazouz S, Fieffé-Bédard A, Sakayan P, Gridley J, Abdel-Hakeem MS, Bruneau J, Grakoui A, Shoukry NH. Coordinated expansion of memory T follicular helper and B cells mediates spontaneous clearance of HCV reinfection. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1403769. [PMID: 38947319 PMCID: PMC11211980 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1403769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Follicular helper T cells are essential for helping in the maturation of B cells and the production of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) during primary viral infections. However, their role during recall responses is unclear. Here, we used hepatitis C virus (HCV) reinfection in humans as a model to study the recall collaborative interaction between circulating CD4 T follicular helper cells (cTfh) and memory B cells (MBCs) leading to the generation of NAbs. Methods We evaluated this interaction longitudinally in subjects who have spontaneously resolved primary HCV infection during a subsequent reinfection episode that resulted in either another spontaneous resolution (SR/SR, n = 14) or chronic infection (SR/CI, n = 8). Results Both groups exhibited virus-specific memory T cells that expanded upon reinfection. However, early expansion of activated cTfh (CD4+CXCR5+PD-1+ICOS+FoxP3-) occurred in SR/SR only. The frequency of activated cTfh negatively correlated with time post-infection. Concomitantly, NAbs and HCV-specific MBCs (CD19+CD27+IgM-E2-Tet+) peaked during the early acute phase in SR/SR but not in SR/CI. Finally, the frequency of the activated cTfh1 (CXCR3+CCR6-) subset correlated with the neutralization breadth and potency of NAbs. Conclusion These results underscore a key role for early activation of cTfh1 cells in helping antigen-specific B cells to produce NAbs that mediate the clearance of HCV reinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Eisa
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Elsa Gomez-Escobar
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nathalie Bédard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nourtan F. Abdeltawab
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nicol Flores
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sabrina Mazouz
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Alizée Fieffé-Bédard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Patrick Sakayan
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - John Gridley
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Mohamed S. Abdel-Hakeem
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Julie Bruneau
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de Médecine familiale et département d’urgence, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Arash Grakoui
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Naglaa H. Shoukry
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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13
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Sejdic A, Hartling HJ, Holler JG, Klingen Gjærde L, Lindegaard B, Dungu AM, Gnesin F, Møller MEE, Teglgaard RS, Niemann CU, Brooks PT, Jørgensen CS, Franck KT, Fischer TK, Marquart HV, Harboe ZB, Ostrowski SR. Immune cell populations and induced immune responses at admission in patients hospitalized with vaccine breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1360843. [PMID: 38903511 PMCID: PMC11188326 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1360843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Vaccine breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections are common and of clinical and public health concern. However, little is known about the immunological characteristics of patients hospitalized due to these infections. We aimed to investigate and compare immune cell subpopulations and induced immune responses in vaccinated and non-vaccinated patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19. Methods A nested case-control study on adults (≥ 18 years) who received at least two doses of a mRNA-COVID-19 vaccine and were hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections and severe COVID-19 between January 7, 2021, and February 1, 2022, were eligible for inclusion. Age- and sex-matched non-vaccinated controls were identified. Immunophenotyping was performed using a custom-designed 10-color flow cytometry prefabricated freeze-dried antibody panel (DuraClone, Beckman Coulter (BC), Brea, Calif). TruCulture (Myriad RBM, Austin, USA) was used to assess induced immune response in whole blood, revealing different critical signaling pathways as a proxy for immune function. All samples were obtained within 48 hours of admission. Results In total, 20 hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 and a breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection were included, ten vaccinated and ten non-vaccinated patients. Vaccinated patients had lower concentrations of CD19 B cells (p = 0.035), naïve CD4 T cells (p = 0.015), a higher proportion of γδ1 T cells (p = 0.019), and higher unstimulated immune cell release of IL-10 (p = 0.015). Conclusion We observed immunological differences between vaccinated and non-vaccinated patients hospitalized due to severe COVID-19 that indicate that vaccinated patients had lower B cell concentrations, lower concentrations of CD4 naïve T cells, a skewed gamma-delta V1/V2 ratio, and an exaggerated IL-10 response at admission. These results could indicate a suboptimal immune response involved in SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections that cause severe COVID-19 in vaccinated adults. However, the sample size was small, and further research is needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adin Sejdic
- Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital – North Zealand, Hillerød, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Jakob Hartling
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jon Gitz Holler
- Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital – North Zealand, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Lars Klingen Gjærde
- Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Lindegaard
- Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital – North Zealand, Hillerød, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arnold Matovu Dungu
- Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital – North Zealand, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Filip Gnesin
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital – North Zealand, Hillerød, Denmark
| | | | | | - Carsten Utoft Niemann
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patrick Terrence Brooks
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Thea K. Fischer
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital – North Zealand, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Hanne Vibeke Marquart
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zitta Barrella Harboe
- Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital – North Zealand, Hillerød, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sisse Rye Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Gong L, Zhang Y, Wang L, Zhao X, Wang L, Qiu X, Yang X, Zhu W, Lv L, Kang Y, Wu Y, Zhang A, Du Y, Wang X, Zhang G, Sun A, Zhuang G. Advancing vaccine development: Evaluation of a mannose-modified lipid nanoparticle-based candidate for African swine fever p30 mRNA vaccine eliciting robust immune response in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132432. [PMID: 38761609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
The African swine fever virus (ASFV) continues to pose significant economic and pandemic risks. Consequently, discovering new, efficient vaccines is crucial. Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have emerged as promising candidates, providing minimal risk of insertional mutagenesis, high safety profiles, effectiveness, rapid scalability in production, and cost-effectiveness. In this study, we have developed an ASF p30 mRNA vaccine candidate (mRNA/Man-LNP) employing mannose-modified lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). The mRNA/Man-LNP exhibited effective antigen presentation and facilitated dendritic cells (DCs) maturation. Notably, it elicited strong IgG titers and activated CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in immunized mice, all while adhering to stringent biosafety standards. This investigation demonstrates that mRNA/Man-LNP can trigger both humoral and cellular immune responses, suggesting its potential as a potent and promising vaccine candidate for controlling African swine fever (ASF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Gong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Lele Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Lucai Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiangqi Qiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xilong Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Wenhui Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Lijie Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yunzhe Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yanan Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Angke Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yongkun Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xuannian Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China; School of Advanced Agriculture Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Aijun Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Guoqing Zhuang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
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15
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Moorton M, Tng PYL, Inoue R, Netherton CL, Gerner W, Schmidt S. Investigation of activation-induced markers (AIM) in porcine T cells by flow cytometry. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1390486. [PMID: 38868498 PMCID: PMC11168203 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1390486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Activation-induced markers (AIMs) are frequently analyzed to identify re-activated human memory T cells. However, in pigs the analysis of AIMs is still not very common. Based on available antibodies, we designed a multi-color flow cytometry panel comprising pig-specific or cross-reactive antibodies against CD25, CD69, CD40L (CD154), and ICOS (CD278) combined with lineage/surface markers against CD3, CD4, and CD8α. In addition, we included an antibody against tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), to study the correlation of AIM expression with the production of this abundant T cell cytokine. The panel was tested on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)/ionomycin, Staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB) or PBMCs from African swine fever virus (ASFV) convalescent pigs, restimulated with homologous virus. PMA/ionomycin resulted in a massive increase of CD25/CD69 co-expressing T cells of which only a subset produced TNF-α, whereas CD40L expression was largely associated with TNF-α production. SEB stimulation triggered substantially less AIM expression than PMA/ionomycin but also here CD25/CD69 expressing T cells were identified which did not produce TNF-α. In addition, CD40L-single positive and CD25+CD69+CD40L+TNF-α- T cells were identified. In ASFV restimulated T cells TNF-α production was associated with a substantial proportion of AIM expressing T cells but also here ASFV-reactive CD25+CD69+TNF-α- T cells were identified. Within CD8α+ CD4 T cells, several CD25/CD40L/CD69/ICOS defined phenotypes expanded significantly after ASFV restimulation. Hence, the combination of AIMs tested will allow the identification of primed T cells beyond the commonly used cytokine panels, improving capabilities to identify the full breadth of antigen-specific T cells in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Moorton
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ryo Inoue
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan
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16
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Zhu Y, Ma J, Shen R, Lin J, Li S, Lu X, Stelzel JL, Kong J, Cheng L, Vuong I, Yao ZC, Wei C, Korinetz NM, Toh WH, Choy J, Reynolds RA, Shears MJ, Cho WJ, Livingston NK, Howard GP, Hu Y, Tzeng SY, Zack DJ, Green JJ, Zheng L, Doloff JC, Schneck JP, Reddy SK, Murphy SC, Mao HQ. Screening for lipid nanoparticles that modulate the immune activity of helper T cells towards enhanced antitumour activity. Nat Biomed Eng 2024; 8:544-560. [PMID: 38082180 PMCID: PMC11162325 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01131-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) can be designed to potentiate cancer immunotherapy by promoting their uptake by antigen-presenting cells, stimulating the maturation of these cells and modulating the activity of adjuvants. Here we report an LNP-screening method for the optimization of the type of helper lipid and of lipid-component ratios to enhance the delivery of tumour-antigen-encoding mRNA to dendritic cells and their immune-activation profile towards enhanced antitumour activity. The method involves screening for LNPs that enhance the maturation of bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells and antigen presentation in vitro, followed by assessing immune activation and tumour-growth suppression in a mouse model of melanoma after subcutaneous or intramuscular delivery of the LNPs. We found that the most potent antitumour activity, especially when combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors, resulted from a coordinated attack by T cells and NK cells, triggered by LNPs that elicited strong immune activity in both type-1 and type-2 T helper cells. Our findings highlight the importance of optimizing the LNP composition of mRNA-based cancer vaccines to tailor antigen-specific immune-activation profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jingyao Ma
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ruochen Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jinghan Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shuyi Li
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiaoya Lu
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jessica L Stelzel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jiayuan Kong
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Leonardo Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ivan Vuong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zhi-Cheng Yao
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christine Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicole M Korinetz
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wu Han Toh
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph Choy
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rebekah A Reynolds
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Melanie J Shears
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Won June Cho
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Natalie K Livingston
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gregory P Howard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yizong Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephany Y Tzeng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Donald J Zack
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jordan J Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joshua C Doloff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan P Schneck
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sashank K Reddy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sean C Murphy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Hai-Quan Mao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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17
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Matsumoto Y, Murata M, Ohta A, Yamasaki S, Ikezaki H, Toyoda K, Shimono N. The humoral and cellular immune responses following booster vaccination with SARS-CoV-2 mRNA in people living with human immunodeficiency virus. J Infect Chemother 2024; 30:417-422. [PMID: 37977325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2023.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION People living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) have higher mortality rates from COVID-19 than those without HIV. Additionally, the seroconversion rate of antibodies following a second dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is lower in PLWH than non-infected individuals, indicating the need for booster vaccination. Here, we evaluated the humoral and cellular immune responses to booster SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in PLWH. METHODS The dynamics of anti-spike IgG titers and antigen-specific interferon (IFN)-γ levels to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination were assessed over a 6-month period following a third vaccination of 34 PLWH. RESULTS Antibody titers for humoral immunity were 50 % lower at 24 weeks post-vaccination than those at 12 weeks. However, those at 24 weeks after the booster vaccination were approximately eight times higher than before. Regarding cellular immunity, IFN-γ levels at 24 weeks after the third vaccination were lower than those at 12 weeks, but nearly 90 % of participants maintained a cut-off value of ≥0.15 IU/mL. A comparison between two groups with CD4+ T lymphocytes counts of <500/μL or ≥500/μL exhibited no statistically significant differences in antibody or IFN-γ levels. However, in the group with CD4+ T lymphocyte counts of <500/μL, the rate of IFN-γ above the cut-off value at 24 weeks after the booster vaccination was lower than that of ≥500/μL. CONCLUSION An immune response is expected in PLWH given successful antiretroviral therapy with booster SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. However, caution should be exercised for cases with low CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts. (240/250 words).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Matsumoto
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masayuki Murata
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Azusa Ohta
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ikezaki
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Toyoda
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Shimono
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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18
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Liu Y, Lam DMK, Luan M, Zheng W, Ai H. Recent development of oral vaccines (Review). Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:223. [PMID: 38590568 PMCID: PMC11000446 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral immunization can elicit an effective immune response and immune tolerance to specific antigens. When compared with the traditional injection route, delivering antigens via the gastrointestinal mucosa offers superior immune effects and compliance, as well as simplicity and convenience, making it a more optimal route for immunization. At present, various oral vaccine delivery systems exist. Certain modified bacteria, such as Salmonella, Escherichia coli and particularly Lactobacillus, are considered promising carriers for oral vaccines. These carriers can significantly enhance immunization efficiency by actively replicating in the intestinal tract following oral administration. The present review provided a discussion of the main mechanisms of oral immunity and the research progress made in the field of oral vaccines. Additionally, it introduced the advantages and disadvantages of the currently more commonly administered injectable COVID-19 vaccines, alongside the latest advancements in this area. Furthermore, recent developments in oral vaccines are summarized, and their potential benefits and side effects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Follicular Development and Reproductive Health in Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | | | - Mei Luan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Wenfu Zheng
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Lab for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Hao Ai
- Key Laboratory of Follicular Development and Reproductive Health in Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
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19
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Amarin JZ, Dulek DE, Simmons J, Hayek H, Chappell JD, Nochowicz CH, Kitko CL, Schuster JE, Muñoz FM, Bocchini CE, Moulton EA, Coffin SE, Freedman JL, Ardura MI, Wattier RL, Maron G, Grimley M, Paulsen G, Danziger-Isakov L, Carpenter PA, Englund JA, Halasa NB, Spieker AJ, Kalams SA. Immunophenotypic predictors of influenza vaccine immunogenicity in pediatric hematopoietic cell transplant recipients. Blood Adv 2024; 8:1880-1892. [PMID: 38386973 PMCID: PMC11007439 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023012118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Pediatric hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients exhibit poor serologic responses to influenza vaccination early after transplant. To facilitate the optimization of influenza vaccination timing, we sought to identify B- and T-cell subpopulations associated with influenza vaccine immunogenicity in this population. We used mass cytometry to phenotype peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from pediatric HCT recipients enrolled in a multicenter influenza vaccine trial comparing high- and standard-dose formulations over 3 influenza seasons (2016-2019). We fit linear regression models to estimate relationships between immune cell subpopulation numbers before vaccination and prevaccination to postvaccination geometric mean fold rises in antigen-specific (A/H3N2, A/H1N1, and B/Victoria) serum hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers (28-42 days, and ∼6 months after 2 doses). For cell subpopulations identified as predictive of a response to all 3 antigens, we conducted a sensitivity analysis including time after transplant as an additional covariate. Among 156 HCT recipients, we identified 33 distinct immune cell subpopulations; 7 significantly predicted responses to all 3 antigens 28 to 42 days after a 2-dose vaccine series, irrespective of vaccine dose. We also found evidence that baseline absolute numbers of naïve B cells, naïve CD4+ T cells, and circulating T follicular helper cells predicted peak and sustained vaccine-induced titers irrespective of dose or timing of posttransplant vaccine administration. In conclusion, several B- and T-cell subpopulations predicted influenza vaccine immunogenicity in pediatric HCT recipients. This study provides insights into the immune determinants of vaccine responses and may help guide the development of tailored vaccination strategies for this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Z. Amarin
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Epidemiology Doctoral Program, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Daniel E. Dulek
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Joshua Simmons
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Haya Hayek
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - James D. Chappell
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Carrie L. Kitko
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Flor M. Muñoz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Claire E. Bocchini
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Elizabeth A. Moulton
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Susan E. Coffin
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jason L. Freedman
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Monica I. Ardura
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Host Defense Program, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Rachel L. Wattier
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco and Benioff Children’s Hospital, San Francisco, CA
| | - Gabriela Maron
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Michael Grimley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Grant Paulsen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Lara Danziger-Isakov
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Paul A. Carpenter
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington and Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Janet A. Englund
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington and Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Natasha B. Halasa
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Andrew J. Spieker
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Spyros A. Kalams
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
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20
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Galeota E, Bevilacqua V, Gobbini A, Gruarin P, Bombaci M, Pesce E, Favalli A, Lombardi A, Vincenti F, Ongaro J, Fabbris T, Curti S, Martinovic M, Toccafondi M, Lorenzo M, Critelli A, Clemente F, Crosti M, Sarnicola ML, Martinelli M, La Sala L, Espadas A, Donnici L, Borghi MO, De Feo T, De Francesco R, Prati D, Meroni PL, Notarbartolo S, Geginat J, Gori A, Bandera A, Abrignani S, Grifantini R. Tracking the immune response profiles elicited by the BNT162b2 vaccine in COVID-19 unexperienced and experienced individuals. Clin Immunol 2024; 261:110164. [PMID: 38417765 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Multiple vaccines have been approved to control COVID-19 pandemic, with Pfizer/BioNTech (BNT162b2) being widely used. We conducted a longitudinal analysis of the immune response elicited after three doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine in individuals who have previously experienced SARS-CoV-2 infection and in unexperienced ones. We conducted immunological analyses and single-cell transcriptomics of circulating T and B lymphocytes, combined to CITE-seq or LIBRA-seq, and VDJ-seq. We found that antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2 Spike, NTD and RBD from wild-type, delta and omicron VoCs show comparable dynamics in both vaccination groups, with a peak after the second dose, a decline after six months and a restoration after the booster dose. The antibody neutralization activity was maintained, with lower titers against the omicron variant. Spike-specific memory B cell response was sustained over the vaccination schedule. Clonal analysis revealed that Spike-specific B cells were polyclonal, with a partial clone conservation from natural infection to vaccination. Spike-specific T cell responses were oriented towards effector and effector memory phenotypes, with similar trends in unexperienced and experienced individuals. The CD8 T cell compartment showed a higher clonal expansion and persistence than CD4 T cells. The first two vaccinations doses tended to induce new clones rather than promoting expansion of pre-existing clones. However, we identified a fraction of Spike-specific CD8 T cell clones persisting from natural infection that were boosted by vaccination and clones specifically induced by vaccination. Collectively, our observations revealed a moderate effect of the second dose in enhancing the immune responses elicited after the first vaccination. Differently, we found that a third dose was necessary to restore comparable levels of neutralizing antibodies and Spike-specific T and B cell responses in individuals who experienced a natural SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Galeota
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Bevilacqua
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Gobbini
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Gruarin
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Bombaci
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Pesce
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Favalli
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy; Ph.D. Program in Translational and Molecular Medicine, Dottorato in Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale (DIMET), University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Andrea Lombardi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy; Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), University of Milano, Milan 20122, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Francesca Vincenti
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Jessica Ongaro
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Tanya Fabbris
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Curti
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Martinovic
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Mirco Toccafondi
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Mariangela Lorenzo
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Angelica Critelli
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Clemente
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Mariacristina Crosti
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Lucia Sarnicola
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Alejandro Espadas
- Laboratory of Transplant Immunology - North Italy Transplant program (NITp) - Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan, Italy
| | - Lorena Donnici
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Orietta Borghi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Immunorheumatology Research Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - Tullia De Feo
- Laboratory of Transplant Immunology - North Italy Transplant program (NITp) - Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Francesco
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Prati
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Meroni
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Immunorheumatology Research Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - Samuele Notarbartolo
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy; Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Jens Geginat
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Gori
- Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), University of Milano, Milan 20122, Italy; Infectious Diseases Unit, Ospedale "Luigi Sacco", Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bandera
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy; Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), University of Milano, Milan 20122, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Sergio Abrignani
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Renata Grifantini
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy; CheckmAb Srl, Milan, Italy.
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21
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Halvorson T, Ivison S, Huang Q, Ladua G, Yotis DM, Mannar D, Subramaniam S, Ferreira VH, Kumar D, Belga S, Levings MK. SARS-CoV-2 Variants Omicron BA.4/5 and XBB.1.5 Significantly Escape T Cell Recognition in Solid-organ Transplant Recipients Vaccinated Against the Ancestral Strain. Transplantation 2024; 108:e49-e62. [PMID: 38012843 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune-suppressed solid-organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) display impaired humoral responses to COVID-19 vaccination, but T cell responses are incompletely understood. SARS-CoV-2 variants Omicron BA.4/5 (BA.4/5) and XBB.1.5 escape neutralization by antibodies induced by vaccination or infection with earlier strains, but T cell recognition of these lineages in SOTRs is unclear. METHODS We characterized Spike-specific T cell responses to ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and BA.4/5 peptides in 42 kidney, liver, and lung transplant recipients throughout a 3- or 4-dose ancestral Spike mRNA vaccination schedule. As the XBB.1.5 variant emerged during the study, we tested vaccine-induced T cell responses in 10 additional participants using recombinant XBB.1.5 Spike protein. Using an optimized activation-induced marker assay, we quantified circulating Spike-specific CD4 + and CD8 + T cells based on antigen-stimulated expression of CD134, CD69, CD25, CD137, and/or CD107a. RESULTS Vaccination strongly induced SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells, including BA.4/5- and XBB.1.5-reactive T cells, which remained detectable over time and further increased following a fourth dose. However, responses to BA.4/5 (1.34- to 1.67-fold lower) XBB.1.5 (2.0- to 18-fold lower) were significantly reduced in magnitude compared with ancestral strain responses. CD4 + responses correlated with anti-receptor-binding domain antibodies and predicted subsequent antibody responses in seronegative individuals. Lung transplant recipients receiving prednisone and older adults displayed weaker responses. CONCLUSIONS Ancestral strain vaccination stimulates BA.4/5 and XBB.1.5-cross-reactive T cells in SOTRs, but at lower magnitudes. Antigen-specific T cells can predict future antibody responses. Our data support monitoring both humoral and cellular immunity in SOTRs to track COVID-19 vaccine immunogenicity against emerging variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torin Halvorson
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sabine Ivison
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Qing Huang
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gale Ladua
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Infection and Immunity Research Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Demitra M Yotis
- Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Dhiraj Mannar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sriram Subramaniam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Victor H Ferreira
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Deepali Kumar
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sara Belga
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Infection and Immunity Research Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Megan K Levings
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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22
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Aoki H, Kitabatake M, Abe H, Xu P, Tsunoda M, Shichino S, Hara A, Ouji-Sageshima N, Motozono C, Ito T, Matsushima K, Ueha S. CD8 + T cell memory induced by successive SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccinations is characterized by shifts in clonal dominance. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113887. [PMID: 38458195 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
mRNA vaccines against the spike glycoprotein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) elicit strong T cell responses. However, a clonal-resolution analysis of T cell responses to mRNA vaccination has not been performed. Here, we temporally track the CD8+ T cell repertoire in individuals who received three shots of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine through longitudinal T cell receptor sequencing with peptide-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) tetramer analysis. We demonstrate a shift in T cell responses between the clonotypes with different kinetics: from early responders that expand rapidly after the first shot to main responders that greatly expand after the second shot. Although the main responders re-expand after the third shot, their clonal diversity is skewed, and newly elicited third responders partially replace them. Furthermore, this shift in clonal dominance occurs not only between, but also within, clonotypes specific for spike epitopes. Our study will be a valuable resource for understanding vaccine-induced T cell responses in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Aoki
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda City, Chiba 2780022, Japan; Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kitabatake
- Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara City, Nara 6348521, Japan
| | - Haruka Abe
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda City, Chiba 2780022, Japan
| | - Peng Xu
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda City, Chiba 2780022, Japan
| | - Mikiya Tsunoda
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda City, Chiba 2780022, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Shichino
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda City, Chiba 2780022, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hara
- Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara City, Nara 6348521, Japan
| | - Noriko Ouji-Sageshima
- Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara City, Nara 6348521, Japan
| | - Chihiro Motozono
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto 8600811, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Ito
- Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara City, Nara 6348521, Japan
| | - Kouji Matsushima
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda City, Chiba 2780022, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ueha
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda City, Chiba 2780022, Japan.
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23
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Tiwari R, Singh VK, Rajneesh, Kumar A, Gautam V, Kumar R. MHC tetramer technology: Exploring T cell biology in health and disease. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2024; 140:327-345. [PMID: 38762273 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) tetramers stand as formidable tools within T cell biology, facilitating the exploration and comprehension of immune responses. These artificial molecules, comprising four bound MHC molecules, typically with a specified peptide and a fluorescent label, play a pivotal role in characterizing T cell subsets, monitoring clonal expansion, and unraveling T cell dynamics during responses to infections or immunotherapies. Beyond their applications in T cell biology, MHC tetramers prove valuable in investigating a spectrum of diseases such as infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, and cancers. Their instrumental role extends to vaccine research and development. Notably, when appropriately configured, tetramers transcend T cell biology research and find utility in exploring natural killer T cells and contributing to specific T cell clonal deletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Tiwari
- Centre of Experimental Medicine & Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Vishal Kumar Singh
- Centre of Experimental Medicine & Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Rajneesh
- Centre of Experimental Medicine & Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Awnish Kumar
- Centre of Experimental Medicine & Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Vibhav Gautam
- Centre of Experimental Medicine & Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Centre of Experimental Medicine & Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
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24
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Tranter E, Frentsch M, Hütter-Krönke ML, Vuong GL, Busch D, Loyal L, Henze L, Rosnev S, Blau IW, Thiel A, Beule D, Bullinger L, Obermayer B, Na IK. Comparable CD8 + T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in single-cell transcriptomics of recently allogeneic transplanted patients and healthy individuals. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29539. [PMID: 38516755 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Despite extensive research on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination responses in healthy individuals, there is comparatively little known beyond antibody titers and T-cell responses in the vulnerable cohort of patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT). In this study, we assessed the serological response and performed longitudinal multimodal analyses including T-cell functionality and single-cell RNA sequencing combined with T cell receptor (TCR)/B cell receptor (BCR) profiling in the context of BNT162b2 vaccination in ASCT patients. In addition, these data were compared to publicly available data sets of healthy vaccinees. Protective antibody titers were achieved in 40% of patients. We identified a distorted B- and T-cell distribution, a reduced TCR diversity, and increased levels of exhaustion marker expression as possible causes for the poorer vaccine response rates in ASCT patients. Immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement after vaccination proved to be highly variable in ASCT patients. Changes in TCRα and TCRβ gene rearrangement after vaccination differed from patterns observed in healthy vaccinees. Crucially, ASCT patients elicited comparable proportions of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced (VI) CD8+ T-cells, characterized by a distinct gene expression pattern that is associated with SARS-CoV-2 specificity in healthy individuals. Our study underlines the impaired immune system and thus the lower vaccine response rates in ASCT patients. However, since protective vaccine responses and VI CD8+ T-cells can be induced in part of ASCT patients, our data advocate early posttransplant vaccination due to the high risk of infection in this vulnerable group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Tranter
- Medizinische Klinik m. S. Hämatologie, Onkologie und Tumorimmunologie, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marco Frentsch
- Medizinische Klinik m. S. Hämatologie, Onkologie und Tumorimmunologie, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie Luise Hütter-Krönke
- Medizinische Klinik m. S. Hämatologie, Onkologie und Tumorimmunologie, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Giang Lam Vuong
- Medizinische Klinik m. S. Hämatologie, Onkologie und Tumorimmunologie, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Busch
- Medizinische Klinik m. S. Hämatologie, Onkologie und Tumorimmunologie, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lucie Loyal
- Si-M/"Der Simulierte Mensch", A Science Framework of Technische Universität Berlin and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center of Immunomics-Regenerative Immunology and Aging, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Larissa Henze
- Si-M/"Der Simulierte Mensch", A Science Framework of Technische Universität Berlin and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center of Immunomics-Regenerative Immunology and Aging, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stanislav Rosnev
- Medizinische Klinik m. S. Hämatologie, Onkologie und Tumorimmunologie, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Igor-Wolfgang Blau
- Medizinische Klinik m. S. Hämatologie, Onkologie und Tumorimmunologie, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Thiel
- Si-M/"Der Simulierte Mensch", A Science Framework of Technische Universität Berlin and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center of Immunomics-Regenerative Immunology and Aging, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Beule
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Bullinger
- Medizinische Klinik m. S. Hämatologie, Onkologie und Tumorimmunologie, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- ECRC Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benedikt Obermayer
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Il-Kang Na
- Medizinische Klinik m. S. Hämatologie, Onkologie und Tumorimmunologie, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Si-M/"Der Simulierte Mensch", A Science Framework of Technische Universität Berlin and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- ECRC Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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25
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Zhang H, Liu Z, Lihe H, Lu L, Zhang Z, Yang S, Meng N, Xiong Y, Fan X, Chen Z, Lu W, Xie C, Liu M. Intranasal G5-BGG/pDNA Vaccine Elicits Protective Systemic and Mucosal Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 by Transfecting Mucosal Dendritic Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303261. [PMID: 37961920 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Infectious disease pandemics, including the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, have heightened the demand for vaccines. Although parenteral vaccines induce robust systemic immunity, their effectiveness in respiratory mucosae is limited. Considering the crucial role of nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) in mucosal immune responses, in this study, the intranasal complex composed of G5-BGG and antigen-expressing plasmid DNA (pSP), named G5-BGG/pSP complex, is developed to activate NALT and to promote both systemic and mucosal immune defense. G5-BGG/pSP could traverse mucosal barriers and deliver DNA to the target cells because of its superior nasal retention and permeability characteristics. The intranasal G5-BGG/pSP complex elicits robust antigen-specific immune responses, such as the notable production of IgG antibody against several virus variants. More importantly, it induces elevated levels of antigen-specific IgA antibody and a significant expansion of the lung-resident T lymphocyte population. Notably, the intranasal G5-BGG/pSP complex results in antigen expression and maturation of dendritic cells in nasal mucosae. These findings exhibit the potential of G5-BGG, a novel cationic material, as an effective gene carrier for intranasal vaccines to obtain robust systemic and mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zezhong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hongye Lihe
- Department of Pharmaceutics and the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Linwei Lu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zongxu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shengmin Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Nana Meng
- Department of Pharmaceutics and the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yin Xiong
- Department of Pharmaceutics and the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xingyan Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhikai Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Weiyue Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Shanghai Engineering Technology Research Center for Pharmaceutica Intelligent Equipment, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular non-coding RNA Institute for Frontier Medical Technology Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Shanghai Tayzen Pharmlab Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Cao Xie
- Shanghai Tayzen Pharmlab Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
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26
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Nogimori T, Nagatsuka Y, Kobayashi S, Murakami H, Masuta Y, Suzuki K, Tomimaru Y, Noda T, Akita H, Takahama S, Yoshioka Y, Doki Y, Eguchi H, Yamamoto T. Humoral and cellular immune responses to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in immunosuppressed liver transplant recipients. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2024; 4:30. [PMID: 38409262 PMCID: PMC10897323 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-024-00448-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver transplant recipients (LTRs) are at a high risk of severe COVID-19 owing to immunosuppression and comorbidities. LTRs are less responsive to mRNA vaccines than healthy donors (HDs) or other immunosuppressed patients. However, the disruption mechanism in humoral and cellular immune memory responses is unclear. METHODS We longitudinally collected peripheral blood mononuclear cells and plasma samples from HDs (n = 44) and LTRs (n = 54) who received BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 vaccines. We measured the levels of anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibodies and spike-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses. RESULTS Here, we show that the induction of anti-RBD IgG was weaker in LTRs than in HDs. The use of multiple immunosuppressive drugs is associated with lower antibody titers than only calcineurin inhibitor, and limits the induction of CD4+ T-cell responses. However, spike-specific CD4+ T-cell and antibody responses improved with a third vaccination. Furthermore, mRNA vaccine-induced spike-specific CD8+ T cells are quantitatively, but not qualitatively, limited to LTRs. Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells react to omicron sublineages, regardless of the presence in HDs or LTRs. However, there is no boosting effect of spike-specific memory CD8+ T-cell responses after a third vaccination in HDs or LTRs. CONCLUSIONS The third mRNA vaccination improves both humoral responses and spike-specific CD4+ T-cell responses in LTRs but provides no booster effect for spike-specific memory CD8+ T-cell responses. A third mRNA vaccination could be helpful in LTRs to prevent severe COVID-19, although further investigation is required to elicit CD8+ T-cell responses in LTRs and HDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuto Nogimori
- Laboratory of Precision Immunology, Center for Intractable Diseases and ImmunoGenomics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Yuta Nagatsuka
- Laboratory of Precision Immunology, Center for Intractable Diseases and ImmunoGenomics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shogo Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Hirotomo Murakami
- Laboratory of Precision Immunology, Center for Intractable Diseases and ImmunoGenomics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuji Masuta
- Laboratory of Precision Immunology, Center for Intractable Diseases and ImmunoGenomics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Koichiro Suzuki
- The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University (BIKEN), Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshito Tomimaru
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takehiro Noda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Akita
- Laboratory of Precision Immunology, Center for Intractable Diseases and ImmunoGenomics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, 540-0008, Japan
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Immunology and Biology, Next-generation Precision Medicine Research Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, 540-0008, Japan
| | - Shokichi Takahama
- Laboratory of Precision Immunology, Center for Intractable Diseases and ImmunoGenomics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Yasuo Yoshioka
- The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University (BIKEN), Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Precision Immunology, Center for Intractable Diseases and ImmunoGenomics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan.
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Immunology and Biology, Next-generation Precision Medicine Research Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, 540-0008, Japan.
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Laboratory of Aging and Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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Rocco JM, Boswell KL, Laidlaw E, Epling B, Anderson M, Serebryannyy L, Narpala S, O'Connell S, Kalish H, Kelly S, Porche S, Oguz C, McDermott A, Manion M, Koup RA, Lisco A, Sereti I. Immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in people with idiopathic CD4 lymphopenia. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:503-512. [PMID: 38344971 PMCID: PMC10861932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immunogenicity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccines is variable in individuals with different inborn errors of immunity or acquired immune deficiencies and is yet unknown in people with idiopathic CD4 lymphopenia (ICL). OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the immunogenicity of mRNA vaccines in patients with ICL with a broad range of CD4 T-cell counts. METHODS Samples were collected from 25 patients with ICL and 23 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (HVs) after their second or third SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine dose. Anti-spike and anti-receptor binding domain antibodies were measured. T-cell receptor sequencing and stimulation assays were performed to quantify SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses. RESULTS The median age of ICL participants was 51 years, and their median CD4 count was 150 cells/μL; 11 participants had CD4 counts ≤100 cells/μL. Anti-spike IgG antibody levels were greater in HVs than in patients with ICL after 2 and 3 doses of mRNA vaccine. There was no detectable significant difference, however, in anti-S IgG between HVs and participants with ICL and CD4 counts >100 cells/μL. The depth of spike-specific T-cell responses by T-cell receptor sequencing was lower in individuals with ICL. Activation-induced markers and cytokine production of spike-specific CD4 T cells in participants with ICL did not differ significantly compared with HVs after 2 or 3 vaccine doses. CONCLUSIONS Patients with ICL and CD4 counts >100 cells/μL can mount vigorous humoral and cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination; however, patients with more severe CD4 lymphopenia have blunted vaccine-induced immunity and may require additional vaccine doses and other risk mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Rocco
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Kristin L Boswell
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Elizabeth Laidlaw
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Brian Epling
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Megan Anderson
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Leonid Serebryannyy
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Sandeep Narpala
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Sarah O'Connell
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Heather Kalish
- Trans-NIH Shared Resource on Biomedical Engineering and Physical Science, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Sophie Kelly
- Trans-NIH Shared Resource on Biomedical Engineering and Physical Science, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Sarah Porche
- Trans-NIH Shared Resource on Biomedical Engineering and Physical Science, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Cihan Oguz
- Integrated Data Sciences Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Adrian McDermott
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Maura Manion
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Richard A Koup
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Andrea Lisco
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Irini Sereti
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.
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Ahmed N, Athavale A, Tripathi AH, Subramaniam A, Upadhyay SK, Pandey AK, Rai RC, Awasthi A. To be remembered: B cell memory response against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. Scand J Immunol 2024; 99:e13345. [PMID: 38441373 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19 disease has plagued the world economy and affected the overall well-being and life of most of the people. Natural infection as well as vaccination leads to the development of an immune response against the pathogen. This involves the production of antibodies, which can neutralize the virus during future challenges. In addition, the development of cellular immune memory with memory B and T cells provides long-lasting protection. The longevity of the immune response has been a subject of intensive research in this field. The extent of immunity conferred by different forms of vaccination or natural infections remained debatable for long. Hence, understanding the effectiveness of these responses among different groups of people can assist government organizations in making informed policy decisions. In this article, based on the publicly available data, we have reviewed the memory response generated by some of the vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants, particularly B cell memory in different groups of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafees Ahmed
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Atharv Athavale
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Ankita H Tripathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Adarsh Subramaniam
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Santosh K Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | - Ramesh Chandra Rai
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Amit Awasthi
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
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Dos Santos Alves RP, Timis J, Miller R, Valentine K, Pinto PBA, Gonzalez A, Regla-Nava JA, Maule E, Nguyen MN, Shafee N, Landeras-Bueno S, Olmedillas E, Laffey B, Dobaczewska K, Mikulski Z, McArdle S, Leist SR, Kim K, Baric RS, Ollmann Saphire E, Elong Ngono A, Shresta S. Human coronavirus OC43-elicited CD4 + T cells protect against SARS-CoV-2 in HLA transgenic mice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:787. [PMID: 38278784 PMCID: PMC10817949 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45043-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells are detected in some healthy unexposed individuals. Human studies indicate these T cells could be elicited by the common cold coronavirus OC43. To directly test this assumption and define the role of OC43-elicited T cells that are cross-reactive with SARS-CoV-2, we develop a model of sequential infections with OC43 followed by SARS-CoV-2 in HLA-B*0702 and HLA-DRB1*0101 Ifnar1-/- transgenic mice. We find that OC43 infection can elicit polyfunctional CD8+ and CD4+ effector T cells that cross-react with SARS-CoV-2 peptides. Furthermore, pre-exposure to OC43 reduces subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease in the lung for a short-term in HLA-DRB1*0101 Ifnar1-/- transgenic mice, and a longer-term in HLA-B*0702 Ifnar1-/- transgenic mice. Depletion of CD4+ T cells in HLA-DRB1*0101 Ifnar1-/- transgenic mice with prior OC43 exposure results in increased viral burden in the lung but no change in virus-induced lung damage following infection with SARS-CoV-2 (versus CD4+ T cell-sufficient mice), demonstrating that the OC43-elicited SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive T cell-mediated cross-protection against SARS-CoV-2 is partially dependent on CD4+ T cells. These findings contribute to our understanding of the origin of pre-existing SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells and their effects on SARS-CoV-2 clinical outcomes, and also carry implications for development of broadly protective betacoronavirus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Timis
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Robyn Miller
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kristen Valentine
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Andrew Gonzalez
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jose Angel Regla-Nava
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Pathology, University Center for Health Science (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, 44340, Mexico
| | - Erin Maule
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael N Nguyen
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Norazizah Shafee
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sara Landeras-Bueno
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eduardo Olmedillas
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Brett Laffey
- Microscopy and Histology Core Facility, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Katarzyna Dobaczewska
- Microscopy and Histology Core Facility, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zbigniew Mikulski
- Microscopy and Histology Core Facility, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sara McArdle
- Microscopy and Histology Core Facility, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sarah R Leist
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kenneth Kim
- Histopathology Core Facility, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Erica Ollmann Saphire
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Annie Elong Ngono
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Sujan Shresta
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Lemieux A, Sannier G, Nicolas A, Nayrac M, Delgado GG, Cloutier R, Brassard N, Laporte M, Duchesne M, Sreng Flores AM, Finzi A, Tastet O, Dubé M, Kaufmann DE. Enhanced detection of antigen-specific T cells by a multiplexed AIM assay. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2024; 4:100690. [PMID: 38228152 PMCID: PMC10831934 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Broadly applicable methods to identify and characterize antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are key to immunology research, including studies of vaccine responses and immunity to infectious diseases. We developed a multiplexed activation-induced marker (AIM) assay that presents several advantages compared to single pairs of AIMs. The simultaneous measurement of four AIMs (CD69, 4-1BB, OX40, and CD40L) creates six AIM pairs that define CD4+ T cell populations with partial and variable overlap. When combined in an AND/OR Boolean gating strategy for analysis, this approach enhances CD4+ T cell detection compared to any single AIM pair, while CD8+ T cells are dominated by CD69/4-1BB co-expression. Supervised and unsupervised clustering analyses show differential expression of the AIMs in defined T helper lineages and that multiplexing mitigates phenotypic biases. Paired and unpaired comparisons of responses to infections (HIV and cytomegalovirus [CMV]) and vaccination (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]) validate the robustness and versatility of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrée Lemieux
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Gérémy Sannier
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Alexandre Nicolas
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Manon Nayrac
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | | | - Rose Cloutier
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Olivier Tastet
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Mathieu Dubé
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada.
| | - Daniel E Kaufmann
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), La Jolla, CA, USA; Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Sagawa F, Yamada H, Ayano M, Kimoto Y, Mitoma H, Ono N, Arinobu Y, Kondo M, Nakashima Y, Akashi K, Horiuchi T, Niiro H. Determination of the factors associated with antigen-specific CD4+ T-cell responses to BNT162b2 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. RMD Open 2024; 10:e003693. [PMID: 38216287 PMCID: PMC10806600 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2023-003693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Understanding interpatient variation in CD4+T-cell responses is the bases for understanding the pathogenesis and management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We examined immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in a cohort of patients with RA and determined factors associated with the responses. METHODS Four hundred and thirty-one patients with RA having received two doses of BNT162b2, a messenger RNA-based vaccine for SARS-CoV-2, were included. Vaccine antigen-specific IgG was detected by ELISA, and antigen-specific CD4+T cells were detected by CD154 expression in response to antigenic stimulation. Expression of cytokines was concomitantly detected by intracellular staining. Associations among background variables, antigen-specific antibody production and the CD4+T-cell responses were analysed. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering was performed based on the profiles of antigen-specific cytokine production by CD4+T cells to stratify patients with RA. RESULTS Multivariate analysis indicated that ageing negatively affects CD4+T-cell response as well as antibody production. No association was detected between the presence or the levels of rheumatoid factor/anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody and anti-vaccine immune responses. Methotrexate and prednisolone reduced B cell but not T-cell responses. Conventional immunophenotyping by the expression of chemokine receptors was not associated with the actual CD4+T-cell response, except for T helper cells (Th1). Functional immunophenotyping based on the profiles of antigen-specific cytokine production of CD4+T cells stratified patients with RA into three clusters, among which Th1-dominant type less frequently underwent joint surgery. CONCLUSIONS Clinical and immunological variables that are associated with antigen-specific CD4 T-cell responses in patients with RA were determined by analysing immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Sagawa
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hisakata Yamada
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ayano
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Kimoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Hiroki Mitoma
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Ono
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yojiro Arinobu
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masakazu Kondo
- Kondo Clinic for Rheumatology and Orthopaedics, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Koichi Akashi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Hiroaki Niiro
- Department of Medical Education, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Di Chiara C, Cantarutti A, Raffaella Petrara M, Bonfante F, Benetti E, Boracchini R, Bosa L, Carmona F, Cosma C, Cotugno N, Le Prevost M, Martini G, Meneghel A, Pagliari M, Palma P, Ruffoni E, Zin A, De Rossi A, Giaquinto C, Donà D, Padoan A. Stronger and durable SARS-CoV-2 immune response to mRNA vaccines in 5-11 years old children with prior COVID-19. Vaccine 2024; 42:263-270. [PMID: 38071105 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES mRNA vaccines elicit a durable humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 in adults, whereas evidence in children is scarce. This study aimed to assess the early and long-term immune response to the mRNA vaccine in children with or without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS In a multicentre prospective observational study, we profiled the immune response to the Pfizer BioNTech (BNT162b2) vaccine in 5-11-year-old children attending the University Pediatric Hospital of Padua and Bambino-Gesù Hospital in Rome (Italy) from December-2021 to February-2023. Blood samples were collected pre-, 1-, and 6-months after vaccination. Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) and anti-spike-receptor-binding-domain (anti-S-RBD) IgG titers were analyzed through Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test (PRNT) and chemiluminescent immune-enzymatic assay (CLIA), respectively. Immune cell phenotypes were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Sixty children (26 [43 %] female, median age = 8 years [IQR = 7-10.7]) were enrolled in the study, including 46 children with a laboratory-confirmed previous COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2-recovered) and 14 SARS-CoV-2-naïve participants defined as the absence of antigen-specific antibodies before vaccination. SARS-CoV-2-recovered participants recorded higher anti-S-RBD IgG and Wild-type and Omicron BA.2 NAbs titers than SARS-CoV-2-naïve participants at both 1- and 6-months after vaccination. Antibody titers correlated with T (Tregs) and B (Bregs) regulatory cell frequencies in SARS-CoV-2-recovered children. Both SARS-CoV-2-recovered and SARS-CoV-2-naïve participants decreased antibody titers by approximately 100 to 250 % from 1 to 6 months. While children with immunocompromising underlying conditions developed immune responses comparable to those of healthy children, solid organ transplant recipients exhibited lower levels of NAbs and anti-S-RBD IgG titers, as well as reduced frequencies of Tregs and Bregs. CONCLUSIONS mRNA vaccination triggered a higher production of specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies along with increased levels of regulatory cells in children with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection up to the following 6 months. These findings provide insights into boosting pre-existing immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Di Chiara
- Department for Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 3 - 35128 Padua, Italy; Penta - Child Health Research, Corso Stati Uniti, 4 - 35127 Padua, Italy.
| | - Anna Cantarutti
- Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, Division of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Laboratory of Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1 - 20126 Milan, Italy.
| | - Maria Raffaella Petrara
- Oncology and Immunology Section, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2 - 35124 Padua, Italy.
| | - Francesco Bonfante
- Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università, 10 - 35020 Legnaro (Padua), Italy.
| | - Elisa Benetti
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Boracchini
- Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, Division of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Laboratory of Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1 - 20126 Milan, Italy.
| | - Luca Bosa
- Department for Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 3 - 35128 Padua, Italy.
| | - Francesco Carmona
- Immunology and Diagnostic Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata, 64 - 35128 Padua, Italy.
| | - Chiara Cosma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padova, Via Giambattista Belzoni, 160 - 35121 Padua, Italy.
| | - Nicola Cotugno
- Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Piazza Sant'Onofrio, 4 - 00165 Rome, Italy.
| | - Marthe Le Prevost
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, 90 High Holborn, WC1V 6LJ London, United Kingdom.
| | - Giorgia Martini
- Department for Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 3 - 35128 Padua, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Meneghel
- Department for Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 3 - 35128 Padua, Italy.
| | - Matteo Pagliari
- Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università, 10 - 35020 Legnaro (Padua), Italy.
| | - Paolo Palma
- Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Piazza Sant'Onofrio, 4 - 00165 Rome, Italy.
| | - Elena Ruffoni
- Immunology and Diagnostic Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata, 64 - 35128 Padua, Italy.
| | - Annachiara Zin
- Department for Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 3 - 35128 Padua, Italy.
| | - Anita De Rossi
- Oncology and Immunology Section, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2 - 35124 Padua, Italy; Immunology and Diagnostic Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata, 64 - 35128 Padua, Italy.
| | - Carlo Giaquinto
- Department for Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 3 - 35128 Padua, Italy; Penta - Child Health Research, Corso Stati Uniti, 4 - 35127 Padua, Italy.
| | - Daniele Donà
- Department for Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 3 - 35128 Padua, Italy; Penta - Child Health Research, Corso Stati Uniti, 4 - 35127 Padua, Italy.
| | - Andrea Padoan
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy.
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Prins MLM, Roozen GVT, Pothast CR, Huisman W, van Binnendijk R, den Hartog G, Kuiper VP, Prins C, Janse JJ, Lamers OAC, Koopman JPR, Kruithof AC, Kamerling IMC, Dijkland RC, de Kroon AC, Azimi S, Feltkamp MCW, Kuijer M, Jochems SP, Heemskerk MHM, Rosendaal FR, Roestenberg M, Visser LG, Roukens AHE. Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of intradermal mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: a non-inferiority, randomized-controlled trial. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:1. [PMID: 38167735 PMCID: PMC10761693 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00785-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Fractional dosing can be a cost-effective vaccination strategy to accelerate individual and herd immunity in a pandemic. We assessed the immunogenicity and safety of primary intradermal (ID) vaccination, with a 1/5th dose compared with the standard intramuscular (IM) dose of mRNA-1273 in SARS-CoV-2 naïve persons. We conducted an open-label, non-inferiority, randomized controlled trial in the Netherlands between June and December 2021. One hundred and fifty healthy and SARS-CoV-2 naïve participants, aged 18-30 years, were randomized (1:1:1) to receive either two doses of 20 µg mRNA-1273 ID with a standard needle (SN) or the Bella-mu® needle (BM), or two doses of 100 µg IM, 28 days apart. The primary outcome was non-inferiority in seroconversion rates at day 43 (D43), defined as a neutralizing antibody concentration threshold of 465 IU/mL, the lowest response in the IM group. The non-inferiority margin was set at -15%. Neutralizing antibody concentrations at D43 were 1789 (95% CI: 1488-2150) in the IM and 1263 (951-1676) and 1295 (1020-1645) in the ID-SN and ID-BM groups, respectively. The absolute difference in seroconversion proportion between fractional and standard-dose groups was -13.95% (-24.31 to -3.60) for the ID-SN and -13.04% (-22.78 to -3.31) for the ID-BM group and exceeded the predefined non-inferiority margin. Although ID vaccination with 1/5th dose of mRNA-1273 did not meet the predefined non-inferior criteria, the neutralizing antibody concentrations in these groups are far above the proposed proxy for protection against severe disease (100 IU/mL), justifying this strategy in times of vaccine scarcity to accelerate mass protection against severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon L M Prins
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Geert V T Roozen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cilia R Pothast
- Department of Haematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wesley Huisman
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rob van Binnendijk
- Department of Immune Surveillance, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gerco den Hartog
- Department of Immune Surveillance, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, RadboudUMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent P Kuiper
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Corine Prins
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline J Janse
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Olivia A C Lamers
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Pieter R Koopman
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Annelieke C Kruithof
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Center for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid M C Kamerling
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Center for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Romy C Dijkland
- Department of Haematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alicia C de Kroon
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Shohreh Azimi
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mariet C W Feltkamp
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marjan Kuijer
- Department of Immune Surveillance, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Simon P Jochems
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam H M Heemskerk
- Department of Haematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frits R Rosendaal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Meta Roestenberg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Leo G Visser
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anna H E Roukens
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Luthria G, Baratto L, Adams L, Morakote W, Daldrup-Link HE. Increased Metabolic Activity of the Thymus and Lymph Nodes in Pediatric Oncology Patients After Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination. J Nucl Med 2024; 65:22-24. [PMID: 37884331 PMCID: PMC10755519 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.123.266271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that 18F-FDG PET/MRI would reveal thymus activation in children after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the 18F-FDG PET/MRI scans of 6 children with extrathoracic cancer before and after COVID-19 vaccination. We compared pre- and postvaccination SUVmax, mean apparent diffusion coefficient, and size of the thymus and axillary lymph nodes using a paired t test. Results: All 6 patients showed increased 18F-FDG uptake in the axillary lymph nodes after vaccination (P = 0.03). In addition, these patients demonstrated increased 18F-FDG uptake in the thymus. When compared with baseline, the postvaccination scans of these patients demonstrated an increased mean thymic SUV (P = 0.02), increased thymic size (P = 0.13), and decreased thymic mean apparent diffusion coefficient (P = 0.08). Conclusion: 18F-FDG PET/MRI can reveal thymus activation in addition to local lymph node reactions in children after COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Luthria
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Lucia Baratto
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Lisa Adams
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Wipawee Morakote
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; and
| | - Heike E Daldrup-Link
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, Stanford, California;
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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Nogimori T, Yamamoto T. Comprehensive Immunophenotyping by Polychromatic Cytometry. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2779:85-97. [PMID: 38526783 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3738-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The human immune system comprises a diverse array of cells involved in innate and adaptive immunity, and these immune cells coordinate immune responses against pathogens through intricate interactions. Multicolor flow cytometry is a powerful technique for qualitatively and quantitatively measuring the characteristics of immune cells, offering advantages, such as high-dimensional analysis, elucidation of cellular heterogeneity, understanding of pathogenesis, development of therapeutic strategies, and platform flexibility. Here, we demonstrate a new immunophenotyping panel that allows simultaneous evaluation of the characteristics of T and B cells. This panel enables tracking of changes in the immune status due to aging, environmental factors, pathogen infections, and vaccine administration. Additionally, it includes co-stimulatory molecules for assessing the activation state of immune cells and inhibitory checkpoint molecules for evaluating exhaustion status, thereby providing valuable insights into the features of human immune responses. These analyses contribute to understanding the pathophysiology of diseases and developing therapeutic strategies while offering crucial information for assessing the correlation of symptoms with infections and evaluating the efficacy of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuto Nogimori
- Laboratory of Precision Immunology, Center for Intractable Diseases and ImmunoGenomics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Precision Immunology, Center for Intractable Diseases and ImmunoGenomics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan.
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36
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Morrocchi E, van Haren S, Palma P, Levy O. Modeling human immune responses to vaccination in vitro. Trends Immunol 2024; 45:32-47. [PMID: 38135599 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The human immune system is a complex network of coordinated components that are crucial for health and disease. Animal models, commonly used to study immunomodulatory agents, are limited by species-specific differences, low throughput, and ethical concerns. In contrast, in vitro modeling of human immune responses can enable species- and population-specific mechanistic studies and translational development within the same study participant. Translational accuracy of in vitro models is enhanced by accounting for genetic, epigenetic, and demographic features such as age, sex, and comorbidity. This review explores various human in vitro immune models, considers evidence that they may resemble human in vivo responses, and assesses their potential to accelerate and de-risk vaccine discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Morrocchi
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simon van Haren
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paolo Palma
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy; Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy.
| | - Ofer Levy
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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37
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Søndergaard MH, Thavarajah JJ, Churchill Henson H, Wejse CM. SARS-CoV-2 vaccine immunogenicity for people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis. HIV Med 2024; 25:16-37. [PMID: 37731375 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.13537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous publications on the immunogenicity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines in people living with HIV (PLWH) have reported inconsistent results. Additionally, a meta-analysis investigating the immunogenicity in PLWH after the third SARS-CoV-2 vaccine dose is lacking. In this article we aim to provide a systematic review and a meta-analysis studying the immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in PLWH and to identify potential drivers for antibody response in PLWH. METHODS We used three databases (PubMed, Embase and Web of Science) to conduct our review. Studies with information on numbers of PLWH producing immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies or neutralizing antibodies were included. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 59 studies and illustrated a pooled serological response of 87.09% in the 10 343 PLWH after they received a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. High CD4 T-cell counts and low viral load indicated that the study populations had HIV that was well treated, despite varying in location. The pooled effect increased to 91.62% for 8053 PLWH when excluding studies that used inactivated vaccines (BBIBP-CorV and CoronaVac). For the third vaccine dose, the pooled effect was 92.35% for 1974 PLWH. Additionally, weighted linear regression models demonstrated weak relationships between CD4 T-cell count, percentages of people with undetectable HIV load, and age compared with the percentages of PLWH producing a serological response. However, more research is needed to determine the effect of those factors on SARS-CoV-2 vaccine immunogenicity in PLWH. CONCLUSION SARS-CoV-2 vaccines show a favourable effect on immunogenicity in PLWH. However, the results are not ideal. This meta-analysis suggests that a third SARS-CoV-2 vaccine dose and good HIV treatment procedures are vital to induce a good immunogenicity in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Christian Morberg Wejse
- GloHAU, Center for Global Health, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Region Midtjylland, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
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38
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Ford ES, Mayer-Blackwell K, Jing L, Laing KJ, Sholukh AM, St Germain R, Bossard EL, Xie H, Pulliam TH, Jani S, Selke S, Burrow CJ, McClurkan CL, Wald A, Greninger AL, Holbrook MR, Eaton B, Eudy E, Murphy M, Postnikova E, Robins HS, Elyanow R, Gittelman RM, Ecsedi M, Wilcox E, Chapuis AG, Fiore-Gartland A, Koelle DM. Repeated mRNA vaccination sequentially boosts SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8 + T cells in persons with previous COVID-19. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:166-177. [PMID: 38057617 PMCID: PMC10981451 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01692-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) hybrid immunity is more protective than vaccination or previous infection alone. To investigate the kinetics of spike-reactive T (TS) cells from SARS-CoV-2 infection through messenger RNA vaccination in persons with hybrid immunity, we identified the T cell receptor (TCR) sequences of thousands of index TS cells and tracked their frequency in bulk TCRβ repertoires sampled longitudinally from the peripheral blood of persons who had recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Vaccinations led to large expansions in memory TS cell clonotypes, most of which were CD8+ T cells, while also eliciting diverse TS cell clonotypes not observed before vaccination. TCR sequence similarity clustering identified public CD8+ and CD4+ TCR motifs associated with spike (S) specificity. Synthesis of longitudinal bulk ex vivo single-chain TCRβ repertoires and paired-chain TCRɑβ sequences from droplet sequencing of TS cells provides a roadmap for the rapid assessment of T cell responses to vaccines and emerging pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Ford
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Lichen Jing
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kerry J Laing
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anton M Sholukh
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Russell St Germain
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Emily L Bossard
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hong Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas H Pulliam
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Saumya Jani
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stacy Selke
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Anna Wald
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alexander L Greninger
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael R Holbrook
- Integrated Research Facility, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Brett Eaton
- Integrated Research Facility, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth Eudy
- Integrated Research Facility, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Michael Murphy
- Integrated Research Facility, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Elena Postnikova
- Integrated Research Facility, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Rachel M Gittelman
- Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA, USA
- Guardant Health, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Matyas Ecsedi
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Takeda Oncology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elise Wilcox
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aude G Chapuis
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew Fiore-Gartland
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David M Koelle
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Translational Research, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
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39
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Philpott JD, Miller J, Boribong BP, Charles S, Davis JP, Kazimierczyk S, Jimena B, Leonard MM, Shreffler WG, Fasano A, Yonker LM, Jain N. Antigen-specific T cell responses in SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-vaccinated children. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101298. [PMID: 38016480 PMCID: PMC10772322 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines elicit humoral responses in children that are comparable to those in adults. However, early-life T cell responses are distinct from adult ones, and questions remain about the nature and kinetics of mRNA vaccine-induced T cell responses in children. We report that Pfizer BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination elicits a significant antigen-specific CD4+ T cell response in the ≥12-year-old cohort. This response is weaker in magnitude in the 5- to 11-year-old cohort and is not improved by a higher vaccine dose (Moderna mRNA1273, 100 μg), suggesting distinct developmental programming that may underscore early-life T cell immunity. Increased effector phenotypes of antigen-specific T cells in younger children correspond with elevated anti-receptor binding domain antibody levels, albeit at the cost of memory generation. These studies highlight aspects of age-specific adaptive immune responses and the need for careful consideration of priming conditions including vaccine dose and adjuvant in the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan D Philpott
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, 114 16(th) Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Jordan Miller
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, 114 16(th) Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Brittany P Boribong
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, 114 16(th) Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Pediatric Allergy and Immunology and Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, 175 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Saeina Charles
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, 114 16(th) Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Jameson P Davis
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, 114 16(th) Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Simon Kazimierczyk
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, 114 16(th) Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Brittany Jimena
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, 114 16(th) Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Maureen M Leonard
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, 114 16(th) Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wayne G Shreffler
- Pediatric Allergy and Immunology and Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, 175 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, 114 16(th) Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Pediatric Allergy and Immunology and Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, 175 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lael M Yonker
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, 114 16(th) Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Pediatric Allergy and Immunology and Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, 175 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Nitya Jain
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, 114 16(th) Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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40
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Tan Y, Chen H, Gou X, Fan Q, Chen J. Tumor vaccines: Toward multidimensional anti-tumor therapies. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2271334. [PMID: 37905395 PMCID: PMC10760370 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2271334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, immunotherapies have offered hope for patients with advanced cancer. However, they show distinct benefits and limited clinical effects. Tumor vaccines have the potential to prime tumor-antigen-specific T cells and induce broad subsets of immune responses, ultimately eradicating tumor cells. Here, we classify tumor vaccines by their anti-tumor mechanisms, which include boosting the immune system, overcoming tumor immunosuppression, and modulating tumor angiogenesis. We focus on multidimensional tumor vaccine strategies using combinations of two or three of the above mechanisms, as these are superior to single-dimensional treatments. This review offers a perspective on tumor vaccine strategies and the future role of vaccine therapies in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfang Tan
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huiyuan Chen
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xi Gou
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiuying Fan
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Juanjuan Chen
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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41
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Cai C, Gao Y, Adamo S, Rivera-Ballesteros O, Hansson L, Österborg A, Bergman P, Sandberg JK, Ljunggren HG, Björkström NK, Strålin K, Llewellyn-Lacey S, Price DA, Qin C, Grifoni A, Weiskopf D, Wherry EJ, Sette A, Aleman S, Buggert M. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination enhances the effector qualities of spike-specific T cells induced by COVID-19. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadh0687. [PMID: 38064569 PMCID: PMC7615587 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adh0687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
T cells are critical for immune protection against severe COVID-19, but it has remained unclear whether repeated exposure to SARS-CoV-2 antigens delivered in the context of vaccination fuels T cell exhaustion or reshapes T cell functionality. Here, we sampled convalescent donors with a history of mild or severe COVID-19 before and after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination to profile the functional spectrum of hybrid T cell immunity. Using combined single-cell technologies and high-dimensional flow cytometry, we found that the frequencies and functional capabilities of spike-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in previously infected individuals were enhanced by vaccination, despite concomitant increases in the expression of inhibitory receptors such as PD-1 and TIM3. In contrast, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells targeting non-spike proteins remained functionally static and waned over time, and only minimal effects were observed in healthy vaccinated donors experiencing breakthrough infections with SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, hybrid immunity was characterized by elevated expression of IFN-γ, which was linked with clonotype specificity in the CD8+ T cell lineage. Collectively, these findings identify a molecular hallmark of hybrid immunity and suggest that vaccination after infection is associated with cumulative immunological benefits over time, potentially conferring enhanced protection against subsequent episodes of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis Cai
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sarah Adamo
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olga Rivera-Ballesteros
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lotta Hansson
- Department of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Österborg
- Department of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Bergman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan K. Sandberg
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas K. Björkström
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristoffer Strålin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sian Llewellyn-Lacey
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - David A. Price
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Chuan Qin
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Alba Grifoni
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - E. John Wherry
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Soo Aleman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcus Buggert
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Schramm CA, Moon D, Peyton L, Lima NS, Wake C, Boswell KL, Henry AR, Laboune F, Ambrozak D, Darko SW, Teng IT, Foulds KE, Carfi A, Edwards DK, Kwong PD, Koup RA, Seder RA, Douek DC. Interaction dynamics between innate and adaptive immune cells responding to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in non-human primates. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7961. [PMID: 38042809 PMCID: PMC10693617 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43420-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As SARS-CoV-2 variants continue evolving, testing updated vaccines in non-human primates remains important for guiding human clinical practice. To date, such studies have focused on antibody titers and antigen-specific B and T cell frequencies. Here, we extend our understanding by integrating innate and adaptive immune responses to mRNA-1273 vaccination in rhesus macaques. We sorted innate immune cells from a pre-vaccine time point, as well as innate immune cells and antigen-specific peripheral B and T cells two weeks after each of two vaccine doses and used single-cell sequencing to assess the transcriptomes and adaptive immune receptors of each cell. We show that a subset of S-specific T cells expresses cytokines critical for activating innate responses, with a concomitant increase in CCR5-expressing intermediate monocytes and a shift of natural killer cells to a more cytotoxic phenotype. The second vaccine dose, administered 4 weeks after the first, elicits an increase in circulating germinal center-like B cells 2 weeks later, which are more clonally expanded and enriched for epitopes in the receptor binding domain. Both doses stimulate inflammatory response genes associated with elevated antibody production. Overall, we provide a comprehensive picture of bidirectional signaling between innate and adaptive components of the immune system and suggest potential mechanisms for the enhanced response to secondary exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaim A Schramm
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Damee Moon
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lowrey Peyton
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Noemia S Lima
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Christian Wake
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kristin L Boswell
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Amy R Henry
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Farida Laboune
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - David Ambrozak
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Samuel W Darko
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - I-Ting Teng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kathryn E Foulds
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | | | | | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Richard A Koup
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Robert A Seder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Daniel C Douek
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Rabenstein M, Thomas OG, Carlin G, Khademi M, Högelin KA, Malmeström C, Axelsson M, Brandt AF, Gafvelin G, Grönlund H, Kockum I, Piehl F, Lycke J, Olsson T, Hessa T. The impact of hybrid immunity on immune responses after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in persons with multiple sclerosis treated with disease-modifying therapies. Eur J Neurol 2023; 30:3789-3798. [PMID: 37522464 DOI: 10.1111/ene.16015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hybrid immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) develops from a combination of natural infection and vaccine-generated immunity. Multiple sclerosis (MS) disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) have the potential to impact humoral and cellular immunity induced by SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and infection. The aims were to compare antibody and T-cell responses after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in persons with MS (pwMS) treated with different DMTs and to assess differences between naïvely vaccinated pwMS and pwMS with hybrid immunity vaccinated following a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS Antibody and T-cell responses were determined in pwMS at baseline and 4 and 12 weeks after the second dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in 143 pwMS with or without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and 40 healthy controls (HCs). The MS cohort comprised natalizumab (n = 22), dimethylfumarate (n = 23), fingolimod (n = 38), cladribine (n = 30), alemtuzumab (n = 17) and teriflunomide (n = 13) treated pwMS. Immunoglobulin G antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 antigens were measured using a multiplex bead assay and FluoroSpot was used to assess T-cell responses (interferon γ and interleukin 13). RESULTS Humoral and T-cell responses to vaccination were comparable between naïvely vaccinated HCs and pwMS treated with natalizumab, dimethylfumarate, cladribine, alemtuzumab and teriflunomide, but were suppressed in fingolimod-treated pwMS. Both fingolimod-treated pwMS and HCs vaccinated following a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection had higher antibody levels 4 weeks after vaccination compared to naïvely vaccinated individuals. Antibody and interferon γ levels 12 weeks after vaccination were positively correlated with time from last treatment course of cladribine. CONCLUSION These findings are of relevance for infection risk mitigation and for vaccination strategies amongst pwMS undergoing DMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Rabenstein
- Therapeutic Immune Design, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine L8:02, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine L8:04, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Olivia G Thomas
- Therapeutic Immune Design, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine L8:02, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine L8:04, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giorgia Carlin
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine L8:04, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohsen Khademi
- Therapeutic Immune Design, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine L8:02, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Klara Asplund Högelin
- Therapeutic Immune Design, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine L8:02, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Clas Malmeström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Markus Axelsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anne Frandsen Brandt
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Guro Gafvelin
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine L8:04, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Grönlund
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine L8:04, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Kockum
- Therapeutic Immune Design, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine L8:02, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Piehl
- Therapeutic Immune Design, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine L8:02, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Lycke
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Therapeutic Immune Design, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine L8:02, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tara Hessa
- Therapeutic Immune Design, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine L8:02, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine L8:04, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Braunstein SL, Wahnich A, Lazar R. COVID-19 Outcomes Among People With HIV and COVID-19 in New York City. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:1571-1582. [PMID: 37534822 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Literature on the impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related outcomes remains mixed. Few studies have evaluated COVID-19 outcomes by HIV status using population-based data. METHODS Using data from New York City COVID-19 surveillance and HIV surveillance systems prior to the widespread availability of COVID-19 vaccines, we conducted a retrospective cohort study comparing the risk of COVID-19 hospitalization and mortality by HIV status among severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) diagnoses from 29 February to 17 October 2020. RESULTS Risk of hospitalization and death among people with HIV (PWH) withCOVID-19 were both nearly 30% higher compared with people without HIV. In crude models, incidence of adverse COVID-19 outcomes among PWH compared to people without HIV was elevated in certain groups, including women, and black, Hispanic/Latino, Native American, and multiracial people. CD4 cell count at SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and presence of an underlying, non-HIV-related condition were independently and strongly associated with risk for COVID-19 hospitalization and death among PWH. CONCLUSIONS New Yorkers with HIV experienced elevated risk for poor COVID-19 outcomes compared to those without HIV during 2020. PWH, particularly those with low CD4 counts or underlying conditions, should be an ongoing focus for COVID-19 vaccination and rigorous identification and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections to prevent adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Braunstein
- Bureau of Hepatitis, HIV, and Sexually Transmitted Infections, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Long Island City, New York, USA
| | - Amanda Wahnich
- Bureau of Hepatitis, HIV, and Sexually Transmitted Infections, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Long Island City, New York, USA
| | - Rachael Lazar
- Bureau of Hepatitis, HIV, and Sexually Transmitted Infections, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Long Island City, New York, USA
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Datwani S, Kalikawe R, Mwimanzi F, Speckmaier S, Liang R, Sang Y, Waterworth R, Yaseen F, Lapointe HR, Barad E, DeMarco ML, Holmes DT, Simons J, Montaner JS, Romney MG, Brumme ZL, Brockman MA. Dynamics of T-cell Responses Following COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination and Breakthrough Infection in Older Adults. Pathog Immun 2023; 8:117-135. [PMID: 38035132 PMCID: PMC10686373 DOI: 10.20411/pai.v8i1.613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction While older adults generally mount weaker antibody responses to a primary COVID-19 vaccine series, T-cell responses remain less well characterized in this population. We compared SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific T-cell responses after 2- and 3-dose COVID-19 mRNA vaccination and subsequent breakthrough infection in older and younger adults. Methods We quantified CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells reactive to overlapping peptides spanning the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in 40 older adults (median age 79) and 50 younger health care workers (median age 39), all COVID-19 naive, using an activation-induced marker assay. T-cell responses were further assessed in 24 participants, including 8 older adults, who subsequently experienced their first SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection. Results A third COVID-19 mRNA vaccine dose significantly boosted spike-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell frequencies to above 2-dose levels in older and younger adults. T-cell frequencies did not significantly differ between older and younger adults after either dose. Multivariable analyses adjusting for sociodemographic, health, and vaccine-related variables confirmed that older age was not associated with impaired cellular responses. Instead, the strongest predictors of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell frequencies post-third-dose were their corresponding post-second-dose frequencies. Breakthrough infection significantly increased both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell frequencies, to comparable levels in older and younger adults. Exploratory analyses revealed an association between HLA-A*02:03 and higher post-vaccination CD8+ T-cell frequencies, which may be attributable to numerous strong-binding HLA-A*02:03-specific CD8+ T-cell epitopes in the spike protein. Conclusion Older adults mount robust T-cell responses to 2- and 3-dose COVID-19 mRNA vaccination, which are further boosted following breakthrough infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Datwani
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Rebecca Kalikawe
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Francis Mwimanzi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Sarah Speckmaier
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Richard Liang
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Yurou Sang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Rachel Waterworth
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Fatima Yaseen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Hope R. Lapointe
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Evan Barad
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mari L. DeMarco
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Virology, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Daniel T. Holmes
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Virology, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Janet Simons
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Virology, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Julio S.G. Montaner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Marc G. Romney
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Virology, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Zabrina L. Brumme
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mark A. Brockman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
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Chen D, Li K, Pan L, Wu Y, Chen M, Zhang X, Xu J, Lou T. TCF7 and LEF-1 downregulation in sepsis promotes immune suppression by inhibiting CD4 + T cell proliferation. Microb Pathog 2023; 184:106362. [PMID: 37741305 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that sepsis is implicated in a reduction in the number and function of CD4+ T cells. TCF7 and LEF-1 facilitate early T cell development and lineage selection of CD4+ T cells. However, the function and mechanism of TCF7 and LEF-1 in sepsis are uncharacterized. This study intended to delineate effect of TCF7 and LEF-1 on sepsis and the impact on proliferation of CD4+ T cells in sepsis. METHODS A mouse sepsis model was constructed by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) method. Expression of TCF7 and LEF-1 in sepsis was investigated using bioinformatics analysis and molecular experiments. We then constructed TCF7 and LEF-1 overexpression cell lines to investigate their effects on proliferation, apoptosis, effector activation, and immunosuppressive molecules of CD4+ T cells in sepsis. RESULTS TCF7 and LEF-1 were downregulated in sepsis. As the duration of sepsis induction increased, the levels of TCF7 and LEF-1 gradually decreased, as did the number of CD4+ T cells. Cell experiments showed that overexpression of TCF7 and LEF-1 enhanced proliferation and effector activation of CD4+ T cells, reduced apoptosis, decreased PD-1 and LAG3 expression, and promoted immune response in sepsis. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study confirmed that downregulation of TCF7 and LEF-1 expression in sepsis inhibited proliferation of CD4+ T cells, leading to immune suppression. This finding suggested that TCF7 and LEF-1 were potential biological targets for sepsis and indicated that immunotherapy aimed at improving CD4+ T cell proliferation may be a new strategy for immune therapy in sepsis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyuan Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui City, Zhejiang Province, 23000, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui City, Zhejiang Province, 23000, China
| | - Liuhua Pan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui City, Zhejiang Province, 23000, China
| | - Yueming Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui City, Zhejiang Province, 23000, China
| | - Miaomiao Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui City, Zhejiang Province, 23000, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui City, Zhejiang Province, 23000, China
| | - Junlong Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui City, Zhejiang Province, 23000, China.
| | - Tianzheng Lou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui City, Zhejiang Province, 23000, China.
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da Silva Antunes R, Weiskopf D, Sidney J, Rubiro P, Peters B, Arlehamn CSL, Grifoni A, Sette A. The MegaPool Approach to Characterize Adaptive CD4+ and CD8+ T Cell Responses. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e934. [PMID: 37966108 PMCID: PMC10662678 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Epitopes recognized by T cells are a collection of short peptide fragments derived from specific antigens or proteins. Immunological research to study T cell responses is hindered by the extreme degree of heterogeneity of epitope targets, which are usually derived from multiple antigens; within a given antigen, hundreds of different T cell epitopes can be recognized, differing from one individual to the next because T cell epitope recognition is restricted by the epitopes' ability to bind to MHC molecules, which are extremely polymorphic in different individuals. Testing large pools encompassing hundreds of peptides is technically challenging because of logistical considerations regarding solvent-induced toxicity. To address this issue, we developed the MegaPool (MP) approach based on sequential lyophilization of large numbers of peptides that can be used in a variety of assays to measure T cell responses, including ELISPOT, intracellular cytokine staining, and activation-induced marker assays, and that has been validated in the study of infectious diseases, allergies, and autoimmunity. Here, we describe the procedures for generating and testing MPs, starting with peptide synthesis and lyophilization, as well as a step-by-step guide and recommendations for their handling and experimental usage. Overall, the MP approach is a powerful strategy for studying T cell responses and understanding the immune system's role in health and disease. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Generation of peptide pools ("MegaPools") Basic Protocol 2: MegaPool testing and quantitation of antigen-specific T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo da Silva Antunes
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI); La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI); La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - John Sidney
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI); La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paul Rubiro
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI); La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI); La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Alba Grifoni
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI); La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI); La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
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O'Meara TR, Nanishi E, McGrath ME, Barman S, Dong D, Dillen C, Menon M, Seo HS, Dhe-Paganon S, Ernst RK, Levy O, Frieman MB, Dowling DJ. Reduced SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine immunogenicity and protection in mice with diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:1107-1120.e6. [PMID: 37595760 PMCID: PMC10841117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are associated with an increased risk of severe outcomes from infectious diseases, including coronavirus disease 2019. These conditions are also associated with distinct responses to immunization, including an impaired response to widely used severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccines. OBJECTIVE We sought to establish a connection between reduced immunization efficacy via modeling the effects of metabolic diseases on vaccine immunogenicity that is essential for the development of more effective vaccines for this distinct vulnerable population. METHODS A murine model of diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance was used to model the effects of comorbid T2DM and obesity on vaccine immunogenicity and protection. RESULTS Mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) developed obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and glucose intolerance. Relative to mice fed a normal diet, HFD mice vaccinated with a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine exhibited significantly lower anti-spike IgG titers, predominantly in the IgG2c subclass, associated with a lower type 1 response, along with a 3.83-fold decrease in neutralizing titers. Furthermore, enhanced vaccine-induced spike-specific CD8+ T-cell activation and protection from lung infection against SARS-CoV-2 challenge were seen only in mice fed a normal diet but not in HFD mice. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated impaired immunity following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA immunization in a murine model of comorbid T2DM and obesity, supporting the need for further research into the basis for impaired anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity in T2DM and investigation of novel approaches to enhance vaccine immunogenicity among those with metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R O'Meara
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Etsuro Nanishi
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Marisa E McGrath
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Pathogen Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Soumik Barman
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Danica Dong
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Carly Dillen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Pathogen Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Manisha Menon
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Hyuk-Soo Seo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Sirano Dhe-Paganon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Robert K Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Md
| | - Ofer Levy
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Mass
| | - Matthew B Frieman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Pathogen Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - David J Dowling
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
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Nithichanon A, Kamuthachad L, Salao K, Phoksawat W, Kamsom C, Wongratanacheewin S, Pipattanaboon C, Kanthawong S, Yordpratum U, Aromseree S, Meesing A, Mootsikapun P, Edwards SW, Phanthanawiboon S. A two-arm analysis of the immune response to heterologous boosting of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18762. [PMID: 37907584 PMCID: PMC10618206 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46053-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Several vaccine programs were introduced during the COVID-19 pandemic, which included inactivated virus, DNA viral vectors and mRNA vaccines. Booster programs are recommended, especially for those in high-risk groups. However, many of these booster programs involve heterologous vaccines. This study enrolled volunteers who first received two full-dose CoronaVac vaccinations before receiving heterologous boosters with DNA- and/or mRNA-vaccines for an additional 2 doses (n = 40) or an additional 3 doses (n = 16). Our results showed no difference in side effects, neutralizing antibodies, or T-cell responses for any of the heterologous vaccination programs. However, the neutralizing capacity and IFN-γ responses against the Omicron variant in volunteers who received 4 or 5 doses were improved. Polarization of peripheral memory T cells after stimulation in all booster groups with Omicron peptide showed an increased trend of naïve and central memory phenotypes of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, suggesting that exposure to Omicron antigens will drive T cells into a lymphoid resident T cell phenotype. Our data support a continuous vaccination program to maximize the effectiveness of immunity, especially in people at high risk. Furthermore, the number of boosting doses is important for maintaining immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnone Nithichanon
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (RCEID), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Ludthawun Kamuthachad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Kanin Salao
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (RCEID), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Wisitsak Phoksawat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (RCEID), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chatcharin Kamsom
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | | | - Sakawrat Kanthawong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Umaporn Yordpratum
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sirinart Aromseree
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Atibordee Meesing
- Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Piroon Mootsikapun
- Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Steven W Edwards
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Vergori A, Tavelli A, Matusali G, Azzini AM, Augello M, Mazzotta V, Pellicanò GF, Costantini A, Cascio A, De Vito A, Marconi L, Righi E, Sartor A, Pinnetti C, Maggi F, Bai F, Lanini S, Piconi S, Levy Hara G, Marchetti G, Giannella M, Tacconelli E, d’Arminio Monforte A, Antinori A, Cozzi-Lepri A. SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Response in People Living with HIV According to CD4 Count and CD4/CD8 Ratio. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1664. [PMID: 38005996 PMCID: PMC10675416 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11111664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our aim was to estimate the rates of not achieving a robust/above-average humoral response to the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in people living with HIV (PLWH) who received ≥2 doses and to investigate the role of the CD4 and CD4/CD8 ratio in predicting the humoral response. METHODS We evaluated the humoral anti-SARS-CoV-2 response 1-month after the second and third doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine as a proportion of not achieving a robust/above-average response using two criteria: (i) a humoral threshold identified as a correlate of protection against SARS-CoV-2 (<90% vaccine efficacy): anti-RBD < 775 BAU/mL or anti-S < 298 BAU/mL, (ii) threshold of binding antibodies equivalent to average neutralization activity from the levels of binding (nAb titer < 1:40): anti-RBD < 870 BAU/mL or anti-S < 1591 BAU/mL. PLWH were stratified according to the CD4 count and CD4/CD8 ratio at first dose. Logistic regression was used to compare the probability of not achieving robust/above-average responses. A mixed linear model was used to estimate the mean anti-RBD titer at various time points across the exposure groups. RESULTS a total of 1176 PLWH were included. The proportions of participants failing to achieve a robust/above-average response were significantly higher in participants with a lower CD4 and CD4/CD8 ratio, specifically, a clearer gradient was observed for the CD4 count. The CD4 count was a better predictor of the humoral response of the primary cycle than ratio. The third dose was pivotal in achieving a robust/above-average humoral response, at least for PLWH with CD4 > 200 cells/mm3 and a ratio > 0.6. CONCLUSIONS A robust humoral response after a booster dose has not been reached by 50% of PLWH with CD4 < 200 cells mm3. In the absence of a validated correlate of protections in the Omicron era, the CD4 count remains the most solid marker to guide vaccination campaigns in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Vergori
- HIV/AIDS Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy; (A.V.); (V.M.); (C.P.); (S.L.); (A.A.)
| | | | - Giulia Matusali
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Anna Maria Azzini
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.M.A.); (E.R.); (E.T.)
| | - Matteo Augello
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy; (M.A.); (F.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Valentina Mazzotta
- HIV/AIDS Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy; (A.V.); (V.M.); (C.P.); (S.L.); (A.A.)
| | - Giovanni Francesco Pellicanò
- Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and the Developmental Age “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, 98121 Messina, Italy;
| | - Andrea Costantini
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria delle Marche, Marche Polytechnic University, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Antonio Cascio
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Andrea De Vito
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Lorenzo Marconi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (L.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Elda Righi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.M.A.); (E.R.); (E.T.)
| | - Assunta Sartor
- Microbiology Unit, Udine University Hospital, 33100 Udine, Italy;
| | - Carmela Pinnetti
- HIV/AIDS Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy; (A.V.); (V.M.); (C.P.); (S.L.); (A.A.)
| | - Fabrizio Maggi
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Francesca Bai
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy; (M.A.); (F.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Simone Lanini
- HIV/AIDS Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy; (A.V.); (V.M.); (C.P.); (S.L.); (A.A.)
| | - Stefania Piconi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Alessandro Manzoni Hospital, ASST Lecco, 23900 Lecco, Italy;
| | - Gabriel Levy Hara
- Instituto Alberto Taquini de Investigación en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1122AAJ, Argentina;
| | - Giulia Marchetti
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy; (M.A.); (F.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Maddalena Giannella
- Infectious Diseases Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (L.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Evelina Tacconelli
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.M.A.); (E.R.); (E.T.)
| | - Antonella d’Arminio Monforte
- Icona Foundation, 20142 Milan, Italy;
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy; (M.A.); (F.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Andrea Antinori
- HIV/AIDS Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy; (A.V.); (V.M.); (C.P.); (S.L.); (A.A.)
| | - Alessandro Cozzi-Lepri
- Centre for Clinical Research, Epidemiology, Modelling and Evaluation (CREME), Institute for Global Health, UCL, London NW3 2PF, UK;
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