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Sugimoto T, Sakamaki C, Kimura T, Eguchi T, Miura S, Kamei Y. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α regulates downstream of tyrosine kinase-7 (Dok-7) expression important for neuromuscular junction formation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1780. [PMID: 38245592 PMCID: PMC10799880 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52198-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ)-formed between a motor nerve terminal and skeletal muscle fiber-plays an important role in muscle contraction and other muscle functions. Aging and neurodegeneration worsen NMJ formation and impair muscle function. Downstream of tyrosine kinase-7 (Dok-7), expressed in skeletal muscle fibers, is essential for the formation of NMJ. Exercise increases the expression of the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α) in skeletal muscles and restores NMJ formation. In this study, we used skeletal muscle-specific PGC1α knockout or overexpression mice to examine the role of PGC1α in regulating Dok-7 expression and NMJ formation. Our findings revealed that Dok-7 expression is regulated by PGC1α, and luciferase activity of the Dok-7 promoter is greatly increased by coexpressing PGC1α and estrogen receptor-related receptor α. Thus, we suggest PGC1α is involved in exercise-mediated restoration of NMJ formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Sugimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sakamaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tokushi Kimura
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiro Eguchi
- Brain-Skeletal Muscle Connection in Aging Project Team, Geroscience Research Center, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shinji Miura
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yasutomi Kamei
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan.
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Khaledi K, Hoseini R, Gharzi A. Effects of aerobic training and vitamin D supplementation on glycemic indices and adipose tissue gene expression in type 2 diabetic rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10218. [PMID: 37353689 PMCID: PMC10290097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37489-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a progressive metabolic disorder mainly caused by overweight and obesity that accumulates pro-inflammatory factors in adipose tissue. Studies have confirmed the efficacy of exercise and vitamin D supplementation in preventing, controlling, and treating diabetes. While, reduced physical activity and vitamin D deficiency are related to increased adiposity, blood glucose level, insulin concentration, and insulin resistance. This study purposed to investigate the effect of 8-week aerobic training with vitamin D supplementation on the expression of AMPK, PGC-1α, and UCP-1 genes expression in the visceral adipose tissue of obese rats with T2DM. In this experimental study, fifty male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups (n = 10): aerobic training and vitamin D supplementation (AT + Vit D), aerobic training (5 days/week for 8 weeks; AT), vitamin D supplementation (Vit D), diabetic control (C) and NC (Non-Diabetic Control). AT + Vit D and AT groups practiced an 8-week aerobic training, 5 days a week. Vit D and AT + Vit D groups receive 5000 IU of vitamin D by injection once a week while AT and C received sesame oil. After blood sampling, visceral fat was taken to measure AMPK, PGC-1α, and UCP1 gene expression. Data were statistically analyzed by One-way ANOVA and paired sample t-test at a significance level of p < 0.05. Based on our results BW, BMI, WC, visceral fat, insulin, glucose, and HOMA-IR were significantly lower in the AT + Vit D, AT, and Vit D groups compared with the C group (p < 0.01). Furthermore, AT + Vit D, AT, and Vit D upregulated AMPK, PGC-1α, and UCP1 gene expression compared to the C. Based on the results compared to AT and Vit D, AT + Vit D significantly upregulated AMPK (p = 0.004; p = 0.001), PGC-1α (p = 0.010; p = 0.001), and UCP1 (p = 0.032; p = 0.001) gene expression, respectively. Also, AT induced more significant upregulations in the AMPK (p = 0.001), PGC-1α (p = 0.001), and UCP1 gene expression (p = 0.001) than Vit D. Vitamin D supplementation enhanced the beneficial effects of aerobic training on BW, BMI, WC, visceral fat, insulin, glucose, and HOMA-IR in diabetic rats. We also observed that separate AT or Vit D upregulated the gene expression of AMPK, PGC-1α, and UCP1 however, combined AT + Vit D upregulated AMPK, PGC-1α, and UCP1 more significantly. These results suggested that combining aerobic training and vitamin D supplementation exerted incremental effects on the gene expressions related to adipose tissue in animal models of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimya Khaledi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, P.O. Box. 6714414971, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Rastegar Hoseini
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, P.O. Box. 6714414971, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Gharzi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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Boran T, Zengin OS, Seker Z, Akyildiz AG, Oztas E, Özhan G. Ripretinib induced skeletal muscle toxicity through mitochondrial impairment in C2C12 myotubes. Toxicology 2023; 489:153489. [PMID: 36933644 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Ripretinib is a multikinase inhibitor drug approved in 2020 by the FDA and in 2021 by EMA for use in the treatment of advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) which have not adequately responded to previous treatments with kinase inhibitors. The most common side effects of the drug are myalgia and fatigue, which likely causes interruption of the treatment or reduction of the dose. Skeletal muscle cells highly depend on ATP to perform their functions and mitochondrial damage may play a role in skeletal muscle toxicity induced by kinase inhibitors. However, the molecular mechanism has not been clearly identified in the literature yet. In this study, it has been aimed to elucidate the role of mitochondria in the toxic effect of ripretinib on skeletal muscle using the mouse C2C12 myoblast-derived myotubes. The myotubes were exposed to ripretinib at the range of 1-20 μM concentrations for 24 h. To determine the potential role of mitochondrial impairment in ripretinib-induced skeletal muscle toxicity, intracellular ATP level, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial ROS production (mtROS), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, and mitochondrial mass were examined after ripretinib treatment. Furthermore, changes in PGC 1α/NRF 1/NRF 2 expression levels that play a role in mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy were investigated. Additionally, the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) enzyme activities were evaluated. Lastly, a molecular docking study was done to see ripretinib's possible interaction with DNA polymerase gamma (POLG) which is important for DNA replication in the mitochondria. According to the findings, ripretinib decreases the ATP level and mtDNA copy number, induces loss of MMP, and reduces mitochondrial mass. The activities of the ETC complexes were inhibited with ripretinib exposure which is in line with the observed ATP depletion and MMP loss. The molecular docking study revealed that ripretinib has inhibitory potential against POLG which supports the observed inhibition of mtDNA. The expression of PGC 1α was reduced in the nuclear fraction indicating that PGC-1α was not activated since the NRF 1 expression was reduced and NRF 2 level did not show significant change. Consequently, mtROS production increased in all treatment groups and mitophagy-related gene expressions and Parkin protein expression level were up-regulated at high doses. In conclusion, mitochondrial damage/loss can be one of the underlying causes of ripretinib-induced skeletal muscle toxicity. However, further studies are needed to confirm the results in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugce Boran
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, 34116 Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, 34500 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozge Sultan Zengin
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, 34116 Istanbul, Turkey; Institute of Graduate Studies in Health Sciences, Istanbul University, 34116 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zehra Seker
- Institute of Graduate Studies in Health Sciences, Istanbul University, 34116 Istanbul, Turkey; Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysenur Gunaydin Akyildiz
- Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Oztas
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, 34116 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gül Özhan
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, 34116 Istanbul, Turkey.
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Benite-Ribeiro SA, Barbosa HC, Ramadan W, dos Santos JM. Exercise-mediated increase in PGC1α and MEF2 expression in type 2 diabetes mellitus. GENE REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2023.101758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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Zhao C, Gong Y, Zheng L, Zhao M. The Degree of Hydrolysis and Peptide Profile Affect the Anti-Fatigue Activities of Whey Protein Hydrolysates in Promoting Energy Metabolism in Exercise Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:3010-3021. [PMID: 36748231 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of characteristics of whey protein hydrolysates (WPHs) on energy metabolism in exercise mice. Results showed that high-degree of hydrolysis (DH) hydrolysates (22%, H-Alc and H-AXH) showed better anti-fatigue effects than low-DH hydrolysates (10%, L-Alc and L-AXH) in enhancing energy substances and reducing metabolic byproducts. It might be related to the higher content of components less than 3 kDa in H-Alc and H-AXH (92.35 and 81.05%, respectively) and higher intensities of small peptides containing two to nine residues. Moreover, Western blot results revealed that WPHs maintained the energy balance in exercise mice by regulating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mTOR signaling pathways. Notably, H-Alc had higher intensities of peptides containing two to five residues than H-AXH and these peptides were rich in essential amino acids, which might explain why H-Alc exhibited better effects in decreasing protein metabolites. Meanwhile, H-AXH contained more free amino acids, especially Leu, which might contribute to its ability to promote glucose consumption in muscle. Furthermore, 40 peptides with two to nine residues and high intensities (>5 × 105) were screened from H-Alc and H-AXH and predicted by bioinformatics tools. Among them, LLL, LLF, GTW, AGTW, and ALPM showed high bioavailability, cell permeability, and potential bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoya Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yurong Gong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Mouming Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510650, China
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Tan KL, Lee HC, Cheah PS, Ling KH. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Down Syndrome: From Pathology to Therapy. Neuroscience 2023; 511:1-12. [PMID: 36496187 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunctions have been described in Down syndrome (DS) caused by either partial or full trisomy of chromosome 21 (HSA21). Mitochondria play a crucial role in various vital functions in eukaryotic cells, especially in energy production, calcium homeostasis and programmed cell death. The function of mitochondria is primarily regulated by genes encoded in the mitochondrion and nucleus. Many genes on HSA21 are involved in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and regulation of mitochondrial functions. This review highlights the HSA21 dosage-sensitive nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes associated with overexpression-related phenotypes seen in DS. This includes impaired mitochondrial dynamics, structural defects and dysregulated bioenergetic profiles such as OXPHOS deficiency and reduced ATP production. Various therapeutic approaches for modulating energy deficits in DS, effects and molecular mechanism of gene therapy and drugs that exert protective effects through modulation of mitochondrial function and attenuation of oxidative stress in DS cells were discussed. It is prudent that improving DS pathophysiological conditions or quality of life may be feasible by targeting something as simple as cellular mitochondrial biogenesis and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Leng Tan
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Han-Chung Lee
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pike-See Cheah
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - King-Hwa Ling
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Ebrahimnezhad N, Nayebifar S, Soltani Z, Khoramipour K. High-intensity interval training reduced oxidative stress and apoptosis in the hippocampus of male rats with type 2 diabetes: The role of the PGC1α-Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 26:1313-1319. [PMID: 37885999 PMCID: PMC10598812 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.70833.15387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to determine the effect of 8-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on oxidative stress and apoptosis in the hippocampus of male rats with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The study focused on examining the role of proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1α (PGC1α)/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein Keap1/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway. Materials and Methods Twenty-eight 8-week-old Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of four groups (n=7): control (Con), type 2 diabetes (T2D), exercise (Ex), and exercise + type 2 diabetes (Ex+T2D). The Ex and Ex+T2D groups completed an 8-week exercise program consisting of 80-100% Vmax and 4-10 intervals. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index was used to assess insulin resistance. The levels of Bcl2, BAX, musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma (Maf), Nrf2, Keap1, and PGC1α in the hippocampus were assessed using the western blot method. Additionally, the levels of antioxidant enzymes in the hippocampus were measured using ELISA. Results The findings indicated that the T2D group had lower levels of antioxidant enzymes, Maf, Bcl2, PGC1α, and Nrf2, and higher levels of BAX and Keap1 in the hippocampus. Conversely, the HIIT group exhibited increased levels of antioxidant enzymes, Maf, Bcl2, Nrf2, and PGC1α, along with decreased levels of BAX and Keap1 in the hippocampus. Conclusion The study demonstrated that 8-week HIIT was effective in reducing hippocampal apoptosis and oxidative stress induced by T2D by activating the PGC1α-Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway. The metabolic changes induced by exercise may lead to an increase in PGC1 expression, which is the primary stimulator of the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Ebrahimnezhad
- Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Sistan and Baluchestan University, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Shila Nayebifar
- Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Sistan and Baluchestan University, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Zahra Soltani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Kayvan Khoramipour
- Student Research Committee, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Structural functionality of skeletal muscle mitochondria and its correlation with metabolic diseases. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:1851-1871. [PMID: 36545931 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The skeletal muscle is one of the largest organs in the mammalian body. Its remarkable ability to swiftly shift its substrate selection allows other organs like the brain to choose their preferred substrate first. Healthy skeletal muscle has a high level of metabolic flexibility, which is reduced in several metabolic diseases, including obesity and Type 2 diabetes (T2D). Skeletal muscle health is highly dependent on optimally functioning mitochondria that exist in a highly integrated network with the sarcoplasmic reticulum and sarcolemma. The three major mitochondrial processes: biogenesis, dynamics, and mitophagy, taken together, determine the quality of the mitochondrial network in the muscle. Since muscle health is primarily dependent on mitochondrial status, the mitochondrial processes are very tightly regulated in the skeletal muscle via transcription factors like peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, estrogen-related receptors, nuclear respiratory factor, and Transcription factor A, mitochondrial. Physiological stimuli that enhance muscle energy expenditure, like cold and exercise, also promote a healthy mitochondrial phenotype and muscle health. In contrast, conditions like metabolic disorders, muscle dystrophies, and aging impair the mitochondrial phenotype, which is associated with poor muscle health. Further, exercise training is known to improve muscle health in aged individuals or during the early stages of metabolic disorders. This might suggest that conditions enhancing mitochondrial health can promote muscle health. Therefore, in this review, we take a critical overview of current knowledge about skeletal muscle mitochondria and the regulation of their quality. Also, we have discussed the molecular derailments that happen during various pathophysiological conditions and whether it is an effect or a cause.
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Khajebishak Y, Faghfouri AH, Soleimani A, Madani S, Payahoo L. Exploration of meteorin-like peptide (metrnl) predictors in type 2 diabetic patients: the potential role of irisin, and other biochemical parameters. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2022:hmbci-2022-0037. [PMID: 36181729 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2022-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Meteorin-like peptide (Metrnl), the newly discovered adipokines involves in glucose and lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis. The aim of the present study was to explore the potential predictors of Metrnl by emphasizing the Irisin, glycemic indices, and lipid profile biomarkers in type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out on 32 obese types 2 diabetic patients, 31 healthy obese, and 30 healthy normal weight people between August 2020 and March 2021. Serum Metrnl and Irisin, fasting blood glucose (FBS), fasting insulin (FI), fasting insulin (FI), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), HbA1c and eAG levels were measured in a standard manner. To assay insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity, the homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and quantitative check index (QUICKI) model were used. Quantile regression analysis with the backward elimination method was used to explore predictors. The significant level was defined as p<0.05. RESULTS Between variables entered into the model, only the group item showed to be the main predictor of Metrnl in type 2 diabetic patients. Besides, the serum level of Irisin was lower in diabetic patients, and a significant difference was detected between obese diabetic patients and the normal weight group (p=0.024). CONCLUSIONS Given the multi-causality of diabetes and also the possible therapeutic role of Metrnl in the management of type 2 diabetic patients' abnormalities, designing future studies are needed to discover other predictors of Metrnl and the related mechanisms of Metrnl in the management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Khajebishak
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Faghfouri
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Maternal and Childhood Obesity Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ali Soleimani
- Department of Public Health, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Sadra Madani
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Laleh Payahoo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
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Di Palma M, Ambrogini P, Lattanzi D, Brocca L, Bottinelli R, Cuppini R, Pellegrino MA, Sartini S. The impact of different exercise protocols on rat soleus muscle reinnervation and recovery following peripheral nerve lesion and regeneration. Front Physiol 2022; 13:948985. [PMID: 36148308 PMCID: PMC9485563 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.948985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Incomplete functional recovery following traumatic peripheral nerve injury is common, mainly because not all axons successfully regenerate and reinnervate target muscles. Exercise can improve functional outcomes increasing the terminal sprouting during the muscle reinnervation. However, exercise is not a panacea per se. Indeed, the type of exercise adopted dramatically impacts the outcomes of rehabilitation therapy. To gain insight into the therapeutic effects of different exercise regimens on reinnervation following traumatic nerve lesion, we evaluated the impact of different clinically transferable exercise protocols (EPs) on metabolic and functional muscle recovery following nerve crush. Methods: The reinnervation of soleus muscle in adult nerve-crushed rats was studied following 6 days of different patterns (continuous or intermittent) and intensities (slow, mid, and fast) of treadmill running EPs. The effects of EPs on muscle fiber multiple innervation, contractile properties, metabolic adaptations, atrophy, and autophagy were assessed using functional and biochemical approaches. Results: Results showed that an intermittent mid-intensity treadmill EP improves soleus muscle reinnervation, whereas a slow continuous running EP worsens the functional outcome. However, the mid-intensity intermittent EP neither enhanced the critical mediators of exercise-induced metabolic adaptations, namely, PGC-1α, nor improved muscle atrophy. Conversely, the autophagy-related marker LC3 increased exclusively in the mid-intensity intermittent EP group. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that an EP characterized by a mid-intensity intermittent activity enhances the functional muscle recovery upon a nerve crush, thus representing a promising clinically transferable exercise paradigm to improve recovery in humans following peripheral nerve injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Di Palma
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica Delle Marche School of Medicine, Ancona, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ambrogini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Urbino, Italy
| | - Davide Lattanzi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Urbino, Italy
| | - Lorenza Brocca
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto Bottinelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- National Neurological Institute C. Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Cuppini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Urbino, Italy
| | - Maria A. Pellegrino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre of Biology and Sport Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Sartini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Urbino, Italy
- *Correspondence: Stefano Sartini,
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Mohamad Hazir NS, Yahaya NHM, Zawawi MSF, Damanhuri HA, Mohamed N, Alias E. Changes in Metabolism and Mitochondrial Bioenergetics during Polyethylene-Induced Osteoclastogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158331. [PMID: 35955464 PMCID: PMC9368566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in mitochondrial bioenergetics are believed to take place during osteoclastogenesis. This study aims to assess changes in mitochondrial bioenergetics and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels during polyethylene (PE)-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro. For this purpose, RAW264.7 cells were cultured for nine days and allowed to differentiate into osteoclasts in the presence of PE and RANKL. The total TRAP-positive cells, resorption activity, expression of osteoclast marker genes, ROS level, mitochondrial bioenergetics, glycolysis, and substrate utilization were measured. The effect of tocotrienols-rich fraction (TRF) treatment (50 ng/mL) on those parameters during PE-induced osteoclastogenesis was also studied. During PE-induced osteoclastogenesis, as depicted by an increase in TRAP-positive cells and gene expression of osteoclast-related markers, higher proton leak, higher extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), as well as higher levels of ROS and NADPH oxidases (NOXs) were observed in the differentiated cells. The oxidation level of some substrates in the differentiated group was higher than in other groups. TRF treatment significantly reduced the number of TRAP-positive osteoclasts, bone resorption activity, and ROS levels, as well as modulating the gene expression of antioxidant-related genes and mitochondrial function. In conclusion, changes in mitochondrial bioenergetics and substrate utilization were observed during PE-induced osteoclastogenesis, while TRF treatment modulated these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Shukriyah Mohamad Hazir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (N.S.M.H.); (H.A.D.)
- Clinical Laboratory Section, Institute of Medical Science Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, A1-1, Jalan TKS 1, Taman Kajang Sentral, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Hamdan Mohamad Yahaya
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Muhamad Syahrul Fitri Zawawi
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
| | - Hanafi Ahmad Damanhuri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (N.S.M.H.); (H.A.D.)
| | - Norazlina Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Ekram Alias
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (N.S.M.H.); (H.A.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-3-91459559
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Lim WC, Shin EJ, Lim TG, Choi JW, Song NE, Hong HD, Cho CW, Rhee YK. Ginsenoside Rf Enhances Exercise Endurance by Stimulating Myoblast Differentiation and Mitochondrial Biogenesis in C2C12 Myotubes and ICR Mice. Foods 2022; 11:foods11121709. [PMID: 35741909 PMCID: PMC9222511 DOI: 10.3390/foods11121709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rf (G-Rf) is a saponin of the protopanaxatriol family and a bioactive component of Korean ginseng. Several ginsenosides are known to have a positive effect on exercise endurance, but there is not yet a report on that of G-Rf. Forced swimming tests were performed on G-Rf-treated mice to evaluate the effect of G-Rf on exercise endurance. Subsequently, the expression of markers related to myoblast differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis in murine skeletal C2C12 myotubes and tibialis anterior muscle tissue was determined using Western blotting, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunofluorescence staining to elucidate the mechanism of action of G-Rf. The swimming duration of the experimental animal was increased by oral gavage administration of G-Rf. Moreover, G-Rf significantly upregulated the myoblast differentiation markers, mitochondrial biogenesis markers, and its upstream regulators. In particular, the mitochondrial biogenesis marker increased by G-Rf was decreased by each inhibitor of the upstream regulators. G-Rf enhances exercise endurance in mice, which may be mediated by myoblast differentiation and enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis through AMPK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways, suggesting that it increases energy production to satisfy additional needs of exercising muscle cells. Therefore, G-Rf is an active ingredient in Korean ginseng responsible for improving exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Chul Lim
- Research Group of Traditional Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea; (W.-C.L.); (E.J.S.); (J.W.C.); (N.-E.S.); (H.-D.H.)
| | - Eun Ju Shin
- Research Group of Traditional Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea; (W.-C.L.); (E.J.S.); (J.W.C.); (N.-E.S.); (H.-D.H.)
| | - Tae-Gyu Lim
- Division of Food Science & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea;
| | - Jae Woong Choi
- Research Group of Traditional Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea; (W.-C.L.); (E.J.S.); (J.W.C.); (N.-E.S.); (H.-D.H.)
| | - Nho-Eul Song
- Research Group of Traditional Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea; (W.-C.L.); (E.J.S.); (J.W.C.); (N.-E.S.); (H.-D.H.)
| | - Hee-Do Hong
- Research Group of Traditional Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea; (W.-C.L.); (E.J.S.); (J.W.C.); (N.-E.S.); (H.-D.H.)
| | - Chang-Won Cho
- Research Group of Traditional Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea; (W.-C.L.); (E.J.S.); (J.W.C.); (N.-E.S.); (H.-D.H.)
- Correspondence: (C.-W.C.); (Y.K.R.); Tel.: +82-63-219-9312 (C.-W.C.); +82-63-219-9319 (Y.K.R.)
| | - Young Kyoung Rhee
- Research Group of Traditional Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea; (W.-C.L.); (E.J.S.); (J.W.C.); (N.-E.S.); (H.-D.H.)
- Correspondence: (C.-W.C.); (Y.K.R.); Tel.: +82-63-219-9312 (C.-W.C.); +82-63-219-9319 (Y.K.R.)
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Faria VS, Manchado-Gobatto FB, Scariot PPM, Zagatto AM, Beck WR. Melatonin Potentiates Exercise-Induced Increases in Skeletal Muscle PGC-1 α and Optimizes Glycogen Replenishment. Front Physiol 2022; 13:803126. [PMID: 35557975 PMCID: PMC9087193 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.803126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence has demonstrated the effect of melatonin on exhaustive exercise tolerance and its modulatory role in muscle energy substrates at the end of exercise. In line with this, PGC-1α and NRF-1 also seem to act on physical exercise tolerance and metabolic recovery after exercise. However, the literature still lacks reports on these proteins after exercise until exhaustion for animals treated with melatonin. Thus, the aim of the current study was to determine the effects of acute melatonin administration on muscle PGC-1α and NRF-1, and its modulatory role in glycogen and triglyceride contents in rats subjected to exhaustive swimming exercise at an intensity corresponding to the anaerobic lactacidemic threshold (iLAn). In a randomized controlled trial design, thirty-nine Wistar rats were allocated into four groups: control (CG = 10), rats treated with melatonin (MG = 9), rats submitted to exercise (EXG = 10), and rats treated with melatonin and submitted to exercise (MEXG = 10). Forty-eight hours after the graded exercise test, the animals received melatonin (10 mg/kg) or vehicles 30 min prior to time to exhaustion test in the iLAn (tlim). Three hours after tlim the animals were euthanized, followed by muscle collection for specific analyses: soleus muscles for immunofluorescence, gluteus maximus, red and white gastrocnemius for the assessment of glycogen and triglyceride contents, and liver for the measurement of glycogen content. Student t-test for independent samples, two-way ANOVA, and Newman keuls post hoc test were used. MEXG swam 120.3% more than animals treated with vehicle (EXG; p < 0.01). PGC-1α and NRF-1 were higher in MEXG with respect to the CG (p < 0.05); however, only PGC-1α was higher for MEXG when compared to EXG. Melatonin reduced the triglyceride content in gluteus maximus, red and white gastrocnemius (F = 6.66, F = 4.51, and F = 6.02, p < 0.05). The glycogen content in red gastrocnemius was higher in MEXG than in CG (p = 0.01), but not in EXG (p > 0.05). In conclusion, melatonin was found to enhance exercise tolerance, potentiate exercise-mediated increases in PGC-1α, decrease muscle triglyceride content and increase muscle glycogen 3 h after exhaustive exercise, rapidly providing a better cellular metabolic environment for future efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Silva Faria
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Physical Exercise, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos-UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Paulo Menezes Scariot
- Laboratory of Applied Sport Physiology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Moura Zagatto
- Laboratory of Physiology and Sports Performance, Department of Physical Education, School of Science-Bauru Campus, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Wladimir Rafael Beck
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Physical Exercise, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos-UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
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Hamuro J, Asada K, Ueno M, Yamashita T, Mukai A, Fujita T, Ito E, Hiramoto N, Toda M, Sotozono C, Kinoshita S. Repressed miR-34a Expression Dictates the Cell Fate to Corneal Endothelium Failure. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:22. [PMID: 35475886 PMCID: PMC9055560 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.4.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To reveal the mechanism triggering the functional disparity between degenerated and non-degenerated corneal endothelium cells in the water efflux from corneal stroma to the anterior chamber. Methods The varied levels of the microRNA (miR)-34, miR-378, and miR-146 family in human corneal endothelium and cultured cells thereof were investigated using 3D-Gene Human miRNA Oligo Chips. Concomitantly, CD44, p53, c-Myc, matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-2 expression, and Ras homolog gene family member A (Rho A) activity was correlated to the expression intensities of these microRNAs, partly complemented with their altered expression levels with the transfection of the corresponding mimics and inhibitors. The levels of miRs were further associated with intracellular pH (pHi) and mitochondrial energy homeostasis. Results P53-inducible miR-34a/b repressed CD44 expression, and CD44 was repressed with the elevated c-Myc. The repressed miR-34a activated the CD44 downstream factors Rho A and MMP-2. MiR-34a mimics downregulated pHi, inducing the skewing of mitochondrial respiration to oxidative phosphorylation. The oxidative stress (H2O2) induced on human corneal endothelial cells, which repressed miR-34a/b expression, may account for the impaired signaling cascade to mitochondrial metabolic homeostasis necessary for an efficient water efflux from the corneal stroma. Conclusions The upregulated expression of CD44, through repressed miR-34a/b by reactive oxygen species and elevated c-Myc by oxidative stress, may impair mitochondrial metabolic homeostasis, leading to human corneal endothelial failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Hamuro
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuko Asada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Morio Ueno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yamashita
- Department of Frontier Medical Science and Technology for Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Mukai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoko Fujita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eiko Ito
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nao Hiramoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Munetoyo Toda
- Department of Frontier Medical Science and Technology for Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chie Sotozono
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kinoshita
- Department of Frontier Medical Science and Technology for Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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15
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Li S, Li S, Wang L, Quan H, Yu W, Li T, Li W. The Effect of Blood Flow Restriction Exercise on Angiogenesis-Related Factors in Skeletal Muscle Among Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:814965. [PMID: 35250618 PMCID: PMC8892188 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.814965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundBlood flow restriction (BFR) exercise may be a potential exercise program to promote angiogenesis. This review aims to compare the effects of exercise with and without BFR on angiogenesis-related factors in skeletal muscle among healthy adults.MethodologySearches were made in Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and EBSCO databases from January 2001 to June 2021. Studies were screened, quality was evaluated, and data were extracted. The review protocol was registered at PROSPERO (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021261367). Standardized mean differences (SMD) of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2), hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγcoactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were analyzed using Revman 5.4 software with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI).ResultsTen studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria with a total of 75 participants for BFR group and 77 for CON group. BFR exercise elicits greater expression of VEGF (heterogeneity test, P = 0.09, I2 = 44%; SMD, 0.93 [0.38, 1.48], P < 0.05), VEGFR-2 (heterogeneity test, P = 0.81, I2 = 0%; SMD, 0.64 [0.08, 1.21], P < 0.05), HIF-1α (heterogeneity test, P = 0.67, I2 = 0%; SMD, 0.43 [0.03, 0.82], P < 0.05), PGC-1α (heterogeneity test, P = 0.02, I2 = 54%; SMD, 0.74 [0.21, 1.28], P < 0.05) and eNOS (heterogeneity test, P = 0.88, I2 = 0%; SMD, 0.60 [0.04, 1.17], P < 0.05) mRNA than non-BFR exercise. In the sub-group analysis, resistance exercise with BFR elicits greater expression of VEGF (heterogeneity test, P = 0.36, I2 = 6%; SMD, 1.66 [0.97, 2.35], P < 0.05) and HIF-1α (heterogeneity test, P = 0.56, I2 = 0%; SMD, 0.51 [0.01, 1.02], P < 0.05) mRNA than aerobic exercise with BFR.ConclusionExercise with BFR elicited more angiogenesis-related factors mRNA expression than exercise without BFR, but not VEGF and PGC-1α protein expression. Therefore, BFR training may be a potential training program to improve vascular function.Systematic Review Registration[https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/], identifier [CRD42021261367].
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuoqi Li
- School of Health Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Institute of Sports Human Science, Ocean University of China, Shandong, China
| | - Shiming Li
- Institute of Sports Human Science, Ocean University of China, Shandong, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Exercise and Metabolism Research Center, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Helong Quan
- Exercise and Metabolism Research Center, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenbing Yu
- Institute of Sports Human Science, Ocean University of China, Shandong, China
| | - Ting Li
- Exercise and Metabolism Research Center, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
- Ting Li,
| | - Wei Li
- Exercise and Metabolism Research Center, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Li,
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16
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Husak JF, Lailvaux SP. Conserved and convergent mechanisms underlying performance-life-history trade-offs. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:274252. [PMID: 35119073 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.243351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic trade-offs are inevitable in nature, but the mechanisms driving them are poorly understood. Movement and oxygen are essential to all animals, and as such, the common ancestor to all living animals passed on mechanisms to acquire oxygen and contract muscle, sometimes at the expense of other activities or expression of traits. Nevertheless, convergent pathways have also evolved to deal with critical trade-offs that are necessary to survive ubiquitous environmental challenges. We discuss how whole-animal performance traits, such as locomotion, are important to fitness, yet costly, resulting in trade-offs with other aspects of the phenotype via specific conserved and convergent mechanistic pathways across all animals. Specifically, we discuss conserved pathways involved in muscle structure and signaling, insulin/insulin-like signaling, sirtuins, mitochondria and hypoxia-inducible factors, as well as convergent pathways involved in energy regulation, development, reproductive investment and energy storage. The details of these mechanisms are only known from a few model systems, and more comparative studies are needed. We make two main recommendations as a framework for future studies of animal form and function. First, studies of performance should consider the broader life-history context of the organism, and vice versa, as performance expression can require a large portion of acquired resources. Second, studies of life histories or mechanistic pathways that measure performance should do so in meaningful and standardized ways. Understanding proximate mechanisms of phenotypic trade-offs will not only better explain the phenotypes of the organisms we study, but also allow predictions about phenotypic variation at the evolutionary scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry F Husak
- Department of Biology, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, MN 55105, USA
| | - Simon P Lailvaux
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
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Chavoshinezhad S, Zibaii MI, Seyed Nazari MH, Ronaghi A, Asgari Taei A, Ghorbani A, Pandamooz S, Salehi MS, Valian N, Motamedi F, Haghparast A, Dargahi L. Optogenetic stimulation of entorhinal cortex reveals the implication of insulin signaling in adult rat's hippocampal neurogenesis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 111:110344. [PMID: 33964323 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus plays a critical role in learning and memory. Projections originating from entorhinal cortex, known as the perforant pathway, provide the main input to the dentate gyrus and promote neurogenesis. However, neuromodulators and molecular changes mediating neurogenic effects of this pathway are not yet fully understood. Here, by means of an optogenetic approach, we investigated neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus of adult rats induced by stimulation of the perforant pathway. The lentiviruses carrying hChR2 (H134R)-mCherry gene under the control of the CaMKII promoter were injected into the medial entorhinal cortex region of adult rats. After 21 days, the entorhinal cortex region was exposed to the blue laser (473 nm) for five consecutive days (30 min/day). The expression of synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis markers in the hippocampus were evaluated using molecular and histological approaches. In parallel, the changes in the gene expression of insulin and its signaling pathway, trophic factors, and components of mitochondrial biogenesis were assessed. Our results showed that optogenetic stimulation of the entorhinal cortex promotes hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity concomitant with the increased levels of insulin mRNA and its signaling markers, neurotrophic factors, and activation of mitochondrial biogenesis. These findings suggest that effects of perforant pathway stimulation on the hippocampus, at least in part, are mediated by insulin increase in the dentate gyrus and subsequently activation of its downstream signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Chavoshinezhad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | | | | | - Abdolaziz Ronaghi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Asgari Taei
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ghorbani
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sareh Pandamooz
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saied Salehi
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Neda Valian
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Motamedi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Dargahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Jeon SH, Choung SY. Oyster Hydrolysates Attenuate Muscle Atrophy via Regulating Protein Turnover and Mitochondria Biogenesis in C2C12 Cell and Immobilized Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:4385. [PMID: 34959937 PMCID: PMC8703783 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, also known as skeletal muscle atrophy, is characterized by significant loss of muscle mass and strength. Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) hydrolysates have anti-cancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammation properties. However, the anti-sarcopenic effect of oyster hydrolysates remains uninvestigated. Therefore, we prepared two different oyster hydrolysates, namely TGPN and PNY. This study aimed to determine the anti-muscle atrophy efficacy and molecular mechanisms of TGPN and PNY on both C2C12 cell lines and mice. In vitro, the TGPN and PNY recovered the dexamethasone-induced reduction in the myotube diameters. In vivo, TGPN and PNY administration not only improved grip strength and exercise endurance, but also attenuated the loss of muscle mass and muscle fiber cross-sectional area. Mechanistically, TGPN and PNY increased the expression of protein synthesis-related protein levels via phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of the rapamycin pathway, and reduced the expression of protein degradation-related protein levels via the PI3K/Akt/forkhead box O pathway. Also, TGPN and PNY stimulated NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1(SIRT1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α), nuclear respiratory factor 1,2, mitochondrial transcription factor A, along with mitochondrial DNA content via SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling. These findings suggest oyster hydrolysates could be used as a valuable natural material that inhibits skeletal muscle atrophy via regulating protein turnover and mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Hyun Jeon
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Se-Young Choung
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Department of Preventive Pharmacy and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
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20
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Mota BC, Sastre M. The Role of PGC1α in Alzheimer's Disease and Therapeutic Interventions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115769. [PMID: 34071270 PMCID: PMC8198456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor co-activator-1α (PGC1α) belongs to a family of transcriptional regulators, which act as co-activators for a number of transcription factors, including PPARs, NRFs, oestrogen receptors, etc. PGC1α has been implicated in the control of mitochondrial biogenesis, the regulation of the synthesis of ROS and inflammatory cytokines, as well as genes controlling metabolic processes. The levels of PGC1α have been shown to be altered in neurodegenerative disorders. In the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and animal models of amyloidosis, PGC1α expression was reduced compared with healthy individuals. Recently, it was shown that overexpression of PGC1α resulted in reduced amyloid-β (Aβ) generation, particularly by regulating the expression of BACE1, the rate-limiting enzyme involved in the production of Aβ. These results provide evidence pointing toward PGC1α activation as a new therapeutic avenue for AD, which has been supported by the promising observations of treatments with drugs that enhance the expression of PGC1α and gene therapy studies in animal models of AD. This review summarizes the different ways and mechanisms whereby PGC1α can be neuroprotective in AD and the pre-clinical treatments that have been explored so far.
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The effectiveness of continuous and interval exercise preconditioning against chronic unpredictable stress: Involvement of hippocampal PGC-1α/FNDC5/BDNF pathway. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 136:173-183. [PMID: 33607579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Various exercise-training types are known to prevent depression, but mechanisms underlying their beneficial effects remain unknown. In the present study, the preconditioning effect of continuous and interval exercise on stress-induced depression was evaluated. Adult male Wistar rats in the exercise groups were made to run on a motorized treadmill, five sessions per week for six weeks. After that, to induce the depression model, the rats were exposed to chronic unpredictable stress for three weeks. Behavioral tests were assessed by open field, elevated plus maze, and forced swim tests. Hippocampal PGC-1α, FNDC5, and BDNF protein expression by Western blot and serum corticosterone by ELISA were detected. In the present results, after continuous and interval exercise periods, locomotor activity, the number of entries and time spent in the open arms were increased, and immobility time was significantly reduced. PGC-1α, FNDC5, and BDNF protein levels had a significant increase, and serum corticosterone did not change. Also, interval exercise training increased PGC-1α and FNDC5 more than continuous. Chronic unpredictable stress reduced the positive changes caused by exercise training, although, except FNDC5, exercise preconditioned groups experienced less significant adverse changes in most variables. These findings showed that both continuous and interval exercise preconditioning with increasing hippocampal PGC-1α, FNDC5, and BDNF proteins and improve the anxiety- and depression-like behaviors have a protective effect against chronic unpredictable stress.
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El Shaffei I, Abdel-Latif GA, Farag DB, Schaalan M, Salama RM. Ameliorative effect of betanin on experimental cisplatin-induced liver injury; the novel impact of miRNA-34a on the SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:1-14. [PMID: 33661552 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The anticancer agent, cisplatin (CIS), is associated with hepatotoxic effects related to activation of oxidative stress and inflammation pathways. CIS-induced oxidative DNA damage reduces sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) activity, which in turn, modulates the activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α). Moreover, microRNA-34a (miRNA-34a) was shown to hinder both SIRT1 and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activity. Thus, targeting such a pathway can alleviate CIS-induced hepatotoxicity. Betanin (BET) is a natural red glycoside food dye obtained from beets, which is reported to exhibit antioxidant function. However, its role in CIS-induced liver injury and the molecular mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the ameliorative effect of BET on CIS-induced acute hepatotoxicity through the SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway and illustrate the impact of miRNA-34a. Seventy-two rats were divided into six equal groups: (1) Control, (2) BET, (3) CIS, (4) CIS/BET, (5) CIS/EX527, and (6) CIS/BET/EX527. CIS-induced liver injury was evidenced by deregulated BAX and BCL2 levels, decreased levels of AMP-activated protein kinase and PGC-1α expression, and decreased SIRT1 activity. Consequently, reduced levels of Nrf2 and the expression of associated heme oxygenase-1 and glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit were observed. Intriguingly, BET succeeded in reducing the CIS-induced liver injury through reducing miRNA-34a expression and enhancing the SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway. These findings coincide with the molecular docking results and the histopathological picture. In conclusion, the current research provided novel findings of the BET ameliorative effect on CIS-induced liver injury through modulating miRNA-34a expression and the SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail El Shaffei
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada A Abdel-Latif
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Doaa B Farag
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona Schaalan
- Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacy Department, Translational and Clinical Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania M Salama
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo, Egypt
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Cappellari O, Mantuano P, De Luca A. "The Social Network" and Muscular Dystrophies: The Lesson Learnt about the Niche Environment as a Target for Therapeutic Strategies. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071659. [PMID: 32660168 PMCID: PMC7407800 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The muscle stem cells niche is essential in neuromuscular disorders. Muscle injury and myofiber death are the main triggers of muscle regeneration via satellite cell activation. However, in degenerative diseases such as muscular dystrophy, regeneration still keep elusive. In these pathologies, stem cell loss occurs over time, and missing signals limiting damaged tissue from activating the regenerative process can be envisaged. It is unclear what comes first: the lack of regeneration due to satellite cell defects, their pool exhaustion for degeneration/regeneration cycles, or the inhibitory mechanisms caused by muscle damage and fibrosis mediators. Herein, Duchenne muscular dystrophy has been taken as a paradigm, as several drugs have been tested at the preclinical and clinical levels, targeting secondary events in the complex pathogenesis derived from lack of dystrophin. We focused on the crucial roles that pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokines play in triggering muscle necrosis after damage and stimulating satellite cell activation and self-renewal, along with growth and mechanical factors. These processes contribute to regeneration and niche maintenance. We review the main effects of drugs on regeneration biomarkers to assess whether targeting pathogenic events can help to protect niche homeostasis and enhance regeneration efficiency other than protecting newly formed fibers from further damage.
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Tai YK, Ng C, Purnamawati K, Yap JLY, Yin JN, Wong C, Patel BK, Soong PL, Pelczar P, Fröhlich J, Beyer C, Fong CHH, Ramanan S, Casarosa M, Cerrato CP, Foo ZL, Pannir Selvan RM, Grishina E, Degirmenci U, Toh SJ, Richards PJ, Mirsaidi A, Wuertz‐Kozak K, Chong SY, Ferguson SJ, Aguzzi A, Monici M, Sun L, Drum CL, Wang J, Franco‐Obregón A. Magnetic fields modulate metabolism and gut microbiome in correlation with
Pgc‐1α
expression: Follow‐up to an in vitro magnetic mitohormetic study. FASEB J 2020; 34:11143-11167. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201903005rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yee Kit Tai
- Department of Surgery Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory BICEPS, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Charmaine Ng
- Department of Surgery Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Kristy Purnamawati
- Department of Surgery Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory BICEPS, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Jasmine Lye Yee Yap
- Department of Surgery Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory BICEPS, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Jocelyn Naixin Yin
- Department of Surgery Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory BICEPS, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Craig Wong
- Department of Surgery Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory BICEPS, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Bharati Kadamb Patel
- Department of Surgery Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Poh Loong Soong
- Department of Surgery Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory BICEPS, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Pawel Pelczar
- Centre for Transgenic Models University of Basel Basel Switzerland
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science University of Zürich Zürich Switzerland
| | | | - Christian Beyer
- Centre Suisse d'électronique et de microtechnique, CSEM SA Neuchatel Switzerland
| | - Charlene Hui Hua Fong
- Department of Surgery Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory BICEPS, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Sharanya Ramanan
- Department of Surgery Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory BICEPS, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Marco Casarosa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio” University of Florence Florence Italy
- Institute for Biomechanics ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland
| | | | - Zi Ling Foo
- Department of Surgery Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory BICEPS, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Rina Malathi Pannir Selvan
- Department of Surgery Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory BICEPS, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Elina Grishina
- Department of Surgery Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory BICEPS, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Ufuk Degirmenci
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Singapore Singapore
| | - Shi Jie Toh
- Department of Surgery Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory BICEPS, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Pete J. Richards
- Competence Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine University of Zürich Zürich Switzerland
| | - Ali Mirsaidi
- Competence Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine University of Zürich Zürich Switzerland
| | - Karin Wuertz‐Kozak
- Competence Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine University of Zürich Zürich Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) Rochester NY USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), National University Heart Centre Singapore (NUHCS) Singapore Singapore
| | - Suet Yen Chong
- Department of Surgery Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), National University Heart Centre Singapore (NUHCS) Singapore Singapore
| | - Stephen J. Ferguson
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Singapore Singapore
- Competence Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine University of Zürich Zürich Switzerland
| | - Adriano Aguzzi
- Institut für Neuropathologie Universitätsspital Zürich Zürich Switzerland
| | - Monica Monici
- ASAcampus JL, ASA Res. Div. ‐ Dept. of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio” University of Florence Florence Italy
| | - Lei Sun
- DUKE‐NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Chester L. Drum
- Department of Surgery Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), National University Heart Centre Singapore (NUHCS) Singapore Singapore
| | - Jiong‐Wei Wang
- Department of Surgery Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), National University Heart Centre Singapore (NUHCS) Singapore Singapore
- Department of Physiology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Alfredo Franco‐Obregón
- Department of Surgery Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory BICEPS, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Singapore Singapore
- Department of Physiology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, iHealthtech National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
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25
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Recovery of BDNF and CB1R in the Prefrontal Cortex Underlying Improvement of Working Memory in Prenatal DEHP-Exposed Male Rats after Aerobic Exercise. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113867. [PMID: 32485872 PMCID: PMC7312003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Early-life exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) has been suggested to relate to hyperactivity, lack of attention, and working memory deficits in school-age children. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and endocannabinoids are induced by aerobic exercises to provide beneficial effects on brain functions. This study investigated the mechanisms underlying working memory impairment and the protective role of exercise in prenatal DEHP-exposed male rats. Sprague Dawley dams were fed with vehicle or DEHP during gestation. The male offspring were trained to exercise on a treadmill for 5 weeks, which was followed by an assessment of their working memory with a T-maze delayed non-match-to-sample task. The expressions of BDNF, dopamine D1 receptor (D1R), cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R), and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) in the prefrontal cortex were detected by Western blot. The results showed that DEHP-exposed rats exhibited working memory impairments without significant alterations in locomotor activities. The reduced expressions of prefrontal BDNF and CB1R were obtained in the DEHP-exposed rats, while D1R and FAAH were barely affected. Importantly, aerobic exercise during childhood-adolescence prevented the impairment of working memory in the DEHP-exposed rats by recovering the BDNF and CB1R expressions in the prefrontal cortex. These findings suggest that exercise may provide beneficial effects in ameliorating the impairment of working memory in the prenatal DEHP-exposed male rats at late adolescence.
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Moore D, Loprinzi PD. Exercise influences episodic memory via changes in hippocampal neurocircuitry and long‐term potentiation. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 54:6960-6971. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Damien Moore
- Exercise & Memory Laboratory Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management The University of Mississippi University MS USA
| | - Paul D. Loprinzi
- Exercise & Memory Laboratory Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management The University of Mississippi University MS USA
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27
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Relationship of HIV Status and Fatigue, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Myokines, and Physical Activity. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 2020; 30:392-404. [PMID: 31241504 DOI: 10.1097/jnc.0000000000000022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
People living with HIV (PLWH) experience high rates of fatigue, which can be improved with physical activity. We examined relationships between HIV infection, fatigue, cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity, and myokines. Twenty PLWH and 20 HIV-uninfected adults completed a fatigue assessment, a maximal cardiometabolic exercise test, serum measures of myokines, and wore an accelerometer for 7 days. Measures were completed at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. At baseline, PLWH had more fatigue (4.7 ± 2.6 vs. 2.8 ± 2.5, p = .01) and higher peak ventilatory efficiency (VE/VCO2; 33 ± 5.5 vs. 30.2 ± 2.5; p = .06). Half of PLWH engaged in at least one 10-minute bout of physical activity in the previous week, compared with control subjects (65%). Over time, HIV infection and fibroblast growth factor 21 were associated with fatigue (p < .05). People living with HIV have more fatigue and a higher ventilatory efficiency; expression of fibroblast growth factor 21 may underpin this relationship.
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28
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Belova SP, Mochalova EP, Kostrominova TY, Shenkman BS, Nemirovskaya TL. P38α-MAPK Signaling Inhibition Attenuates Soleus Atrophy during Early Stages of Muscle Unloading. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082756. [PMID: 32326654 PMCID: PMC7215762 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
To test the hypothesis that p38α-MAPK plays a critical role in the regulation of E3 ligase expression and skeletal muscle atrophy during unloading, we used VX-745, a selective p38α inhibitor. Three groups of rats were used: non-treated control (C), 3 days of unloading/hindlimb suspension (HS), and 3 days HS with VX-745 inhibitor (HSVX; 10 mg/kg/day). Total weight of soleus muscle in HS group was reduced compared to C (72.3 ± 2.5 vs 83.0 ± 3 mg, respectively), whereas muscle weight in the HSVX group was maintained (84.2 ± 5 mg). The expression of muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF1) mRNA was significantly increased in the HS group (165%), but not in the HSVX group (127%), when compared with the C group. The expression of muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligases muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx) mRNA was increased in both HS and HSVX groups (294% and 271%, respectively) when compared with C group. The expression of ubiquitin mRNA was significantly higher in the HS (423%) than in the C and HSVX (200%) groups. VX-745 treatment blocked unloading-induced upregulation of calpain-1 mRNA expression (HS: 120%; HSVX: 107%). These results indicate that p38α-MAPK signaling regulates MuRF1 but not MAFbx E3 ligase expression and inhibits skeletal muscle atrophy during early stages of unloading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana P. Belova
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, RAS, Moscow 123007, Russia; (S.P.B.); (E.P.M.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Ekaterina P. Mochalova
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, RAS, Moscow 123007, Russia; (S.P.B.); (E.P.M.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Tatiana Y. Kostrominova
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine-Northwest, Gary, IN 46408, USA;
| | - Boris S. Shenkman
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, RAS, Moscow 123007, Russia; (S.P.B.); (E.P.M.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Tatiana L. Nemirovskaya
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, RAS, Moscow 123007, Russia; (S.P.B.); (E.P.M.); (B.S.S.)
- Correspondence:
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29
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Damschroder D, Richardson K, Cobb T, Wessells R. The effects of genetic background on exercise performance in Drosophila. Fly (Austin) 2020; 14:80-92. [PMID: 33100141 PMCID: PMC7714460 DOI: 10.1080/19336934.2020.1835329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of the Drosophila model for studying the broad beneficial effects of exercise training has grown over the past decade. As work using Drosophila as an exercise model becomes more widespread, the influence of genetic background on performance should be examined in order to better understand its influence on assessments used to quantitatively measure and compare exercise phenotypes. In this article, we review the various methods of exercise training Drosophila, and the performance of different wild-type Drosophila strains on various physiological assessments of exercise response. We conclude by summarizing the performance trends of commonly used strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deena Damschroder
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Kristin Richardson
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Tyler Cobb
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Robert Wessells
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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30
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Shin EJ, Jo S, Choi S, Cho CW, Lim WC, Hong HD, Lim TG, Jang YJ, Jang M, Byun S, Rhee Y. Red Ginseng Improves Exercise Endurance by Promoting Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Myoblast Differentiation. Molecules 2020; 25:E865. [PMID: 32079067 PMCID: PMC7070955 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Red ginseng has been reported to elicit various therapeutic effects relevant to cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammatory diseases. However, the effect of red ginseng on exercise endurance and skeletal muscle function remains unclear. Herein, we sought to investigate whether red ginseng could affect exercise endurance and examined its molecular mechanism. Mice were fed with red ginseng extract (RG) and undertook swimming exercises to determine the time to exhaustion. Animals fed with RG had significantly longer swimming endurance. RG treatment was also observed to enhance ATP production levels in myoblasts. RG increased mRNA expressions of mitochondrial biogenesis regulators, NRF-1, TFAM, and PGC-1α, which was accompanied by an elevation in mitochondrial DNA, suggesting an enhancement in mitochondrial energy-generating capacity. Importantly, RG treatment induced phosphorylation of p38 and AMPK and upregulated PGC1α expression in both myoblasts and in vivo muscle tissue. In addition, RG treatment also stimulated C2C12 myogenic differentiation. Our findings show that red ginseng improves exercise endurance, suggesting that it may have applications in supporting skeletal muscle function and exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ju Shin
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea; (E.J.S.); (C.-W.C.); (W.-C.L.); (H.-D.H.); (T.-G.L.); (Y.J.J.); (M.J.)
| | - Seongin Jo
- Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (S.J.); (S.C.)
| | - Sungbin Choi
- Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (S.J.); (S.C.)
| | - Chang-Won Cho
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea; (E.J.S.); (C.-W.C.); (W.-C.L.); (H.-D.H.); (T.-G.L.); (Y.J.J.); (M.J.)
| | - Won-Chul Lim
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea; (E.J.S.); (C.-W.C.); (W.-C.L.); (H.-D.H.); (T.-G.L.); (Y.J.J.); (M.J.)
| | - Hee-Do Hong
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea; (E.J.S.); (C.-W.C.); (W.-C.L.); (H.-D.H.); (T.-G.L.); (Y.J.J.); (M.J.)
| | - Tae-Gyu Lim
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea; (E.J.S.); (C.-W.C.); (W.-C.L.); (H.-D.H.); (T.-G.L.); (Y.J.J.); (M.J.)
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Young Jin Jang
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea; (E.J.S.); (C.-W.C.); (W.-C.L.); (H.-D.H.); (T.-G.L.); (Y.J.J.); (M.J.)
| | - Mi Jang
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea; (E.J.S.); (C.-W.C.); (W.-C.L.); (H.-D.H.); (T.-G.L.); (Y.J.J.); (M.J.)
| | - Sanguine Byun
- Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (S.J.); (S.C.)
| | - Youngkyung Rhee
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea; (E.J.S.); (C.-W.C.); (W.-C.L.); (H.-D.H.); (T.-G.L.); (Y.J.J.); (M.J.)
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31
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Lee K, Jin H, Chei S, Oh HJ, Lee JY, Lee BY. Effect of Dietary Silk Peptide on Obesity, Hyperglycemia, and Skeletal Muscle Regeneration in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. Cells 2020; 9:E377. [PMID: 32041272 PMCID: PMC7072146 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with excess body fat accumulation that can cause hyperglycemia and reduce skeletal muscle function and strength, which characterize the development of sarcopenic obesity. In this study, we aimed to determine the mechanism whereby acid-hydrolyzed silk peptide (SP) prevents high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and whether it regulates glucose uptake and muscle differentiation using in vivo and in vitro approaches. Our findings demonstrate that SP inhibits body mass gain and the expression of adipogenic transcription factors in visceral adipose tissue (VAT). SP also had an anti-diabetic effect in VAT and skeletal muscle because it upregulated glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) and uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) expression. Furthermore, SP reduced ubiquitin proteasome and promoted myoblast determination protein 1 (MyoD)/myogenic factor 4 (myogenin) expression, implying that it may have potential for the treatment of obesity-induced hyperglycemia and obesity-associated sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kippeum Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Kyonggi-do 13488, Korea; (K.L.); (H.J.); (S.C.); (H.-J.O.)
| | - Heegu Jin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Kyonggi-do 13488, Korea; (K.L.); (H.J.); (S.C.); (H.-J.O.)
| | - Sungwoo Chei
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Kyonggi-do 13488, Korea; (K.L.); (H.J.); (S.C.); (H.-J.O.)
| | - Hyun-Ji Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Kyonggi-do 13488, Korea; (K.L.); (H.J.); (S.C.); (H.-J.O.)
| | - Jeong-Yong Lee
- Worldway Co., Ltd., Sanda-gil, Jeonul-myeon, Sejong-si 30003, Korea;
| | - Boo-Yong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Kyonggi-do 13488, Korea; (K.L.); (H.J.); (S.C.); (H.-J.O.)
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32
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Hwang PS, Machek SB, Cardaci TD, Wilburn DT, Kim CS, Suezaki ES, Willoughby DS. Effects of Pyrroloquinoline Quinone (PQQ) Supplementation on Aerobic Exercise Performance and Indices of Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Untrained Men. J Am Coll Nutr 2019; 39:547-556. [PMID: 31860387 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2019.1705203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is a novel supplement involved in processes such as mitochondrial biogenesis and cellular energy metabolism. Since endurance exercise and PQQ exhibit similar mechanisms for mitochondrial biogenesis, it is plausible that PQQ may have ergogenic value. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a six-week endurance exercise training program on mitochondrial biogenesis and aerobic performance in non-endurance-trained males.Methods: Twenty-three males were randomized to consume 20 mg/day of PQQ or placebo (PLC). Both groups followed a supervised six-week endurance exercise training program. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy-x-ray-absorptiometry (DEXA). Aerobic exercise performance and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), a biochemical marker for mitochondrial biogenesis, were assessed before and after the six-week endurance training/supplementation program.Results: There were no significant differences between groups in aerobic performance after endurance-training (p > 0.05). However, there were significant improvements in peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) and total exercise test duration after endurance-training, irrespective of group (p < 0.05). The PQQ group had a significant increase in PGC-1α protein levels from baseline to post endurance training compared to PLC (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the PQQ group had higher PGC-1α protein levels after 6 weeks of endurance training compared to PLC (p < 0.05).Conclusions: Supplementation of PQQ does not appear to elicit any ergogenic effects regarding aerobic performance or body composition but appears to impact mitochondrial biogenesis by way of significant elevations in PGC-1α protein content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Hwang
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Exercise and Biochemical Nutrition Laboratory, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Steven B Machek
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Exercise and Biochemical Nutrition Laboratory, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas D Cardaci
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Exercise and Biochemical Nutrition Laboratory, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Dylan T Wilburn
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Exercise and Biochemical Nutrition Laboratory, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Caelin S Kim
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Exercise and Biochemical Nutrition Laboratory, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Emiliya S Suezaki
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Exercise and Biochemical Nutrition Laboratory, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Darryn S Willoughby
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Exercise and Biochemical Nutrition Laboratory, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
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33
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Increased Expression of Meteorin-Like Hormone in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity and Its Association with Irisin. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101283. [PMID: 31635130 PMCID: PMC6829873 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a growing pandemic associated with metabolic dysregulation and chronic inflammation. Meteorin-like hormone (METRNL) is an adipomyokine that is linked to T2D. Our objective was to evaluate the changes in METRNL levels in T2D and obesity and assess the association of METRNL levels with irisin. Overall, 228 Arab individuals were enrolled. Plasma levels of METRNL and irisin were assessed using immunoassay. Plasma levels of METRNL and irisin were significantly higher in T2D patients than in non-diabetic patients (p < 0.05). When the population was stratified based on obesity, METRNL and irisin levels were significantly higher in obese than in non-obese individuals (p < 0.05). We found a significant positive correlation between METRNL and irisin (r = 0.233 and p = 0.001). Additionally, METRNL and irisin showed significant correlation with various metabolic biomarkers associated with T2D and Obesity. Our data shows elevated METRNL plasma levels in individuals with T2D, further exacerbated with obesity. Additionally, a strong positive association was observed between METRNL and irisin. Further studies are necessary to examine the role of these proteins in T2D and obesity, against their ethnic background and to understand the mechanistic significance of their possible interplay.
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A peptide isolated from Hippocampus abdominalis improves exercise performance and exerts anti-fatigue effects via AMPK/PGC-1α pathway in mice. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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Opichka M, Shute R, Marshall K, Slivka D. Effects of exercise in a cold environment on gene expression for mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy. Cryobiology 2019; 90:47-53. [PMID: 31469981 PMCID: PMC6791766 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2019.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cold exposure during cycling and recovery enhances PGC-1α transcription, but aspects of mitophagy and a more intense cold exposure without recovery occurring in the cold have not been explored. PURPOSE Determine the expression of genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy following an acute cycling bout at a temperature below freezing compared to that of room temperature. METHODS Eleven male participants cycled at 65% Wmax for 1 h at -2 °C and 20 °C and then recovered at room temperature for 6 h. A muscle biopsy was taken from the vastus lateralis before exercise, 3 h, and 6 h post-exercise for gene expression analysis. RESULTS Exercising heart rate and skin temperature were lower in the cold (p < 0.001; p = 0.004), while core temperature was higher (p = 0.016). Temperature had no effect on gene expression (p > 0.05). BNIP3 and BNIP3L mRNA were not influenced by exercise (p = 0.329; p 0.233). PGC-1α and VEGF were higher after cycling (p < 0.001), but the extent of PGC-1α upregulation was reduced 6 h post-exercise (p 0.006). TFAM increased 6 h post-exercise (p = 0.001). NRF2, ERRα, PINK1, and PARK2 decreased 3 h post-exercise (p 0.035; p = 0.005; p = 0.002; p = 0.001), but this downregulation was diminished after 6 h of recovery (p = 0.017; p 0.006; p = 0.043; p = 0.047). NRF1 was marginally attenuated with exercise (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Exercise induced alterations in gene expression for mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy, but these effects were independent of temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Opichka
- University of Nebraska at Omaha, School of Health and Kinesiology, Omaha, NE, United States.
| | - Robert Shute
- University of Nebraska at Omaha, School of Health and Kinesiology, Omaha, NE, United States.
| | - Katherine Marshall
- University of Nebraska at Omaha, School of Health and Kinesiology, Omaha, NE, United States.
| | - Dustin Slivka
- University of Nebraska at Omaha, School of Health and Kinesiology, Omaha, NE, United States.
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Constitutive PGC-1α overexpression in skeletal muscle does not protect from age-dependent decline in neurogenesis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12320. [PMID: 31444397 PMCID: PMC6707251 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48795-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aerobic exercise prevents age-dependent decline in cognition and hippocampal neurogenesis. The transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) mediates many of the exercise-induced benefits in skeletal muscle, including the release of factors into the circulation with neurotrophic effects. We use a transgenic mouse model with muscle-specific overexpression of PGC-1α to study the contribution of chronic muscle activation on exercise-induced effects on hippocampal neurogenesis in aging. Young and old transgenic and wild type animals of both sexes displayed a robust age-related reduction in newborn BrdU+-cells, immature neurons (DCX+-cells) and new mature BrdU+/NeuN+-neurons in the dentate gyrus. No differences were detected between genotypes or sexes. Analysis of serum proteins showed a tendency towards increased levels of myokines and reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines for transgenic animals, but only musclin was found to be significantly up-regulated in transgenic animals. We conclude that constitutive muscular overexpression of PGC-1α, despite potent systemic changes, is insufficient for mimicking exercise-induced effects on hippocampal neurogenesis in aging. Continued studies are required to investigate the complex molecular mechanisms by which circulating signals could mediate exercise-induced effects on the central nervous system in disease and aging, with the aim of discovering new therapeutic possibilities for patients.
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Shirvani H, Rahmati-Ahmadabad S, Broom DR, Mirnejad R. Eccentric resistance training and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate free acid affects muscle PGC-1α expression and serum irisin, nesfatin-1 and resistin in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.198424. [PMID: 31085594 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.198424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The hypothalamus controls metabolism and feeding behaviour via several signals with other tissues. Exercise and supplements can change hypothalamic signalling pathways, so the present study investigated the influence of eccentric resistance training and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate free acid supplementation on PGC-1α expression, serum irisin, nesfatin-1 and resistin concentrations. Thirty-two male rats (8 weeks old, 200±17 g body mass) were randomly allocated to control, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate free acid supplementation (HMB), eccentric resistance training (ERT), and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate free acid supplementation plus eccentric resistance training (HMB+ERT) groups. Training groups undertook eccentric resistance training (6 weeks, 3 times a week) and supplement groups consumed β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate free acid (HMB-FA) orally (76 mg kg-1 day-1). Twenty-four hours after the last training session, serum and triceps brachii muscle samples were collected and sent to the laboratory for analysis. Two-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation were employed (significance level: P<0.05). The results showed that eccentric resistance training increases skeletal muscle PGC-1α gene expression, as well as serum levels of irisin and nesfatin-1 (P=0.001). Eccentric resistance training decreased the serum concentration of resistin (P=0.001). HMB-FA supplementation increased skeletal muscle PGC-1α gene expression (P=0.002), as well as the serum concentration of irisin and nesfatin-1 (P=0.001), but decreased the serum concentration of resistin (P=0.001). Significant correlations were observed between PGC-1α gene expression and serum concentrations of irisin, nesfatin-1 and resistin. HMB-FA supplementation with eccentric resistance training may induce crosstalk between peptide release from other tissues and increases maximal muscle strength. The combination of the two interventions had a more substantial effect than each in isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Shirvani
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - David Robert Broom
- Academy of Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S10 2BP, UK
| | - Reza Mirnejad
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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38
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Allison DJ, Nederveen JP, Snijders T, Bell KE, Kumbhare D, Phillips SM, Parise G, Heisz JJ. Exercise training impacts skeletal muscle gene expression related to the kynurenine pathway. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 316:C444-C448. [PMID: 30649918 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00448.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Exercise positively impacts mood and symptoms of depression; however, the mechanisms underlying these effects are not fully understood. Recent evidence highlights a potential role for skeletal muscle-derived transcription factors to influence tryptophan metabolism, along the kynurenine pathway, which has important implications in depression. This has important consequences for older adults, whose age-related muscle deterioration may influence this pathway and may increase their risk for depression. Although exercise training has been shown to improve skeletal muscle mass in older adults, whether this also translates into improvements in transcription factors and metabolites related to the kynurenine pathway has yet to be examined. The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of a 12-wk exercise program on skeletal muscle gene expression of transcription factors, kynurenine aminotransferase (KAT) gene expression, and plasma concentrations of tryptophan metabolites (kynurenines) in healthy older men over 65 yr of age. Exercise training significantly increased skeletal muscle gene expression of transcription factors (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-δ: 1.77, 1.99, 2.18-fold increases, respectively, P < 0.01] and KAT isoforms 1-4 (6.5, 2.1, 2.2, and 2.6-fold increases, respectively, P ≤ 0.01). Concentrations of plasma kynurenines were not altered. These results demonstrate that 12 wk of exercise training significantly altered skeletal muscle gene expression of transcription factors and gene expression related to the kynurenine pathway, but not circulating kynurenine metabolites in older men. These findings warrant future research to determine whether distinct exercise modalities or varying intensities could induce a shift in the kynurenine pathway in depressed older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Allison
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario , Canada.,Department of Heath Research Methods Evidence and Impact, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario , Canada
| | - Joshua P Nederveen
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario , Canada
| | - Tim Snijders
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario , Canada.,Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten E Bell
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario , Canada
| | - Dinesh Kumbhare
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario , Canada
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario , Canada
| | - Gianni Parise
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario , Canada
| | - Jennifer J Heisz
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario , Canada
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40
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van der Ende M, Grefte S, Plas R, Meijerink J, Witkamp RF, Keijer J, van Norren K. Mitochondrial dynamics in cancer-induced cachexia. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1870:137-150. [PMID: 30059724 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-induced cachexia has a negative impact on quality of life and adversely affects therapeutic outcomes and survival rates. It is characterized by, often severe, loss of muscle, with or without loss of fat mass. Insight in the pathophysiology of this complex metabolic syndrome and direct treatment options are still limited, which creates a research demand. Results from recent studies point towards a significant involvement of muscle mitochondrial networks. However, data are scattered and a comprehensive overview is lacking. This paper aims to fill existing knowledge gaps by integrating published data sets on muscle protein or gene expression from cancer-induced cachexia animal models. To this end, a database was compiled from 94 research papers, comprising 11 different rodent models. This was combined with four genome-wide transcriptome datasets of cancer-induced cachexia rodent models. Analysis showed that the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial fusion, fission, ATP production and mitochondrial density is decreased, while that of genes involved ROS detoxification and mitophagy is increased. Our results underline the relevance of including post-translational modifications of key proteins involved in mitochondrial functioning in future studies on cancer-induced cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda van der Ende
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands; Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Sander Grefte
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Rogier Plas
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jocelijn Meijerink
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Renger F Witkamp
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Klaske van Norren
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.
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Yamashita Y, Nakada S, Yoshihara T, Nara T, Furuya N, Miida T, Hattori N, Arikawa-Hirasawa E. Perlecan, a heparan sulfate proteoglycan, regulates systemic metabolism with dynamic changes in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7766. [PMID: 29773865 PMCID: PMC5958100 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25635-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Perlecan (HSPG2), a heparan sulfate proteoglycan, is a component of basement membranes and participates in a variety of biological activities. Here, we show physiological roles of perlecan in both obesity and the onset of metabolic syndrome. The perinatal lethality-rescued perlecan knockout (Hspg2−/−-Tg) mice showed a smaller mass and cell size of white adipose tissues than control (WT-Tg) mice. Abnormal lipid deposition, such as fatty liver, was not detected in the Hspg2−/−-Tg mice, and those mice also consumed more fat as an energy source, likely due to their activated fatty acid oxidation. In addition, the Hspg2−/−-Tg mice demonstrated increased insulin sensitivity. Molecular analysis revealed the significantly relatively increased amount of the muscle fiber type IIA (X) isoform and a larger quantity of mitochondria in the skeletal muscle of Hspg2−/−-Tg mice. Furthermore, the perlecan-deficient skeletal muscle also had elevated levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) protein. PGC1α expression is activated by exercise, and induces mitochondrial biosynthesis. Thus, perlecan may act as a mechano-regulator of catabolism of both lipids and glucose by shifting the muscle fiber composition to oxidative fibers. Our data suggest that downregulation of perlecan is a promising strategy to control metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Yamashita
- Aging Biology in Health and Disease, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakada
- Japanese Center for Research on Women in Sport, Juntendo University Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
| | - Toshinori Yoshihara
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nara
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Iwaki Meisei University, Fukushima, 970-8551, Japan
| | - Norihiko Furuya
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takashi Miida
- Department of Clinical Laboratory medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Research Institute for Disease of Old Age, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Eri Arikawa-Hirasawa
- Aging Biology in Health and Disease, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan. .,Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan. .,Japanese Center for Research on Women in Sport, Juntendo University Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan. .,Research Institute for Disease of Old Age, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
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Hwang P, Willoughby DS. Mechanisms Behind Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Supplementation on Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Biogenesis: Possible Synergistic Effects with Exercise. J Am Coll Nutr 2018; 37:738-748. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2018.1461146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hwang
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Exercise and Biochemical Nutrition Laboratory, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Darryn S. Willoughby
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Exercise and Biochemical Nutrition Laboratory, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
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Abstract
Mitochondrial energy metabolism declines during aging. PGC-1α is a transcription coactivator that plays a key role in the regulation of energetic metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis in the cells. The aim of this study was to compare the PPARGC1A gene expression level in normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) derived from young and old donors. A PGC-1α-derived peptide was then synthetized and its ability to affect the PPARGC1A gene expression and mitochondrial function was tested. We assessed changes in PPARGC1A gene expression using quantitative RT-PCR. The effect of the PGC-1α-derived peptide on energy production was determined using an ATP bioluminescent assay kit. We also studied changes in mitochondrial membrane potential using JC-1 fluorescent dye and the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) using DCFH-DA dye in NHDF cells after UVA/B irradiation alone and in combination with a peptide treatment. The PPARGC1A gene expression decreased in an aged human dermal fibroblast. The PGC-1α-derived peptide was synthetized and increased the PPARGC1A gene expression and ATP levels in cells. Furthermore, the mitochondrial membrane potential in UVA/B irradiated cells treated with the tested PGC-1α-derived peptide was increased compared to irradiated controls. Moreover, the ROS levels in UVA/B irradiated cells treated with the PGC-1α-derived peptide decreased. On the basis of our results, PGC-1α emerges as an interesting target to combat decreasing energetic metabolism in aging skin cells. Indeed, the PGC-1α-derived peptide increasing the PPARGC1A gene expression improved the mitochondrial function and increased energy production in the cells.
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44
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Intermittent vibration protects aged muscle from mechanical and oxidative damage under prolonged compression. J Biomech 2017; 55:113-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rizo-Roca D, Ríos-Kristjánsson JG, Núñez-Espinosa C, Santos-Alves E, Gonçalves IO, Magalhães J, Ascensão A, Pagès T, Viscor G, Torrella JR. Intermittent hypobaric hypoxia combined with aerobic exercise improves muscle morphofunctional recovery after eccentric exercise to exhaustion in trained rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 122:580-592. [PMID: 27765844 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00501.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Unaccustomed eccentric exercise leads to muscle morphological and functional alterations, including microvasculature damage, the repair of which is modulated by hypoxia. We present the effects of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia and exercise on recovery from eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage (EEIMD). Soleus muscles from trained rats were excised before (CTRL) and 1, 3, 7, and 14 days after a double session of EEIMD protocol. A recovery treatment consisting of one of the following protocols was applied 1 day after the EEIMD: passive normobaric recovery (PNR), a 4-h daily exposure to passive hypobaric hypoxia at 4,000 m (PHR), or hypobaric hypoxia exposure followed by aerobic exercise (AHR). EEIMD produced an increase in the percentage of abnormal fibers compared with CTRL, and it affected the microvasculature by decreasing capillary density (CD, capillaries per mm2) and the capillary-to-fiber ratio (CF). After 14 days, AHR exhibited CD and CF values similar to those of CTRL animals (789 and 3.30 vs. 746 and 3.06) and significantly higher than PNR (575 and 2.62) and PHR (630 and 2.92). Furthermore, VEGF expression showed a significant 43% increase in AHR when compared with PNR. Moreover, after 14 days, the muscle fibers in AHR had a more oxidative phenotype than the other groups, with significantly smaller cross-sectional areas (AHR, 3,745; PNR, 4,502; and PHR, 4,790 µm2), higher citrate synthase activity (AHR, 14.8; PNR, 13.1; and PHR, 12 µmol·min-1·mg-1) and a significant 27% increment in PGC-1α levels compared with PNR. Our data show that hypoxia combined with exercise attenuates or reverses the morphofunctional alterations induced by EEIMD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study provides new insights into the use of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia combined with exercise as a strategy to recover muscle damage induced by eccentric exercise. We analyzed the effects of hypobaric exposure combined with aerobic exercise on histopathological features of muscle damage, fiber morphofunctionality, capillarization, angiogenesis, and the oxidative capacity of damaged soleus muscle. Most of these parameters were improved after a 2-wk protocol of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia combined with aerobic exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rizo-Roca
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - J G Ríos-Kristjánsson
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - C Núñez-Espinosa
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - E Santos-Alves
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - I O Gonçalves
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - J Magalhães
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Ascensão
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - T Pagès
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - G Viscor
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - J R Torrella
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and
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No M, Kwak HB. Effects of environmental temperature on physiological responses during submaximal and maximal exercises in soccer players. Integr Med Res 2016; 5:216-222. [PMID: 28462121 PMCID: PMC5390419 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although thermoregulation is effective in regulating body temperature under normal conditions, exercise or physical activity in extreme cold or heat exerts heavy stress on the mechanisms that regulate body temperature. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of environmental temperature on physiological responses and endurance exercise capacity during submaximal and maximal exercises in healthy adults. Methods Nine male soccer players participated in this study. In this study, three environmental temperatures were set at 10 ± 1°C, 22 ± 1°C, and 35 ± 1°C with the same humidity (60 ± 10%). The participants cycled for 20 minutes at 60% maximum oxygen uptake (60% VO2max), and then exercise intensity was increased at a rate of 0.5 kp/2 min until exhaustion at three different environmental conditions. Results Oxygen uptake and heart rate were lower in a moderate environment (22 ± 1°C) than in a cool (10 ± 1°C) or hot (35 ± 1°C) environment at rest and during submaximal exercise, and were higher during maximal exercise (p < 0.05). Minute ventilation was lower at 22 ± 1°C than at 10 ± 1°C or 35 ± 1°C at rest and during submaximal exercise, and no significant differences were observed in minute ventilation during maximal exercise (p < 0.05). Blood lactate concentrations were lower at 22 ± 1 °C than at 10 ± 1°C or 35 ± 1°C at rest and during submaximal exercise, and were higher during maximal exercise (p < 0.05). Time to exhaustion during exercise was longer at 22 ± 1°C than at 10 ± 1°C or 35 ± 1°C (p < 0.05). Conclusion It is concluded that physiological responses and endurance exercise capacity are impaired under cool or hot conditions compared with moderate conditions, suggesting that environmental temperature conditions play an important role for exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- MiHyun No
- Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bum Kwak
- Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Seo DY, Lee SR, Kwak HB, Seo KW, McGregor RA, Yeo JY, Ko TH, Bolorerdene S, Kim N, Ko KS, Rhee BD, Han J. Voluntary stand-up physical activity enhances endurance exercise capacity in rats. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 20:287-95. [PMID: 27162483 PMCID: PMC4860371 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2016.20.3.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Involuntary physical activity induced by the avoidance of electrical shock leads to improved endurance exercise capacity in animals. However, it remains unknown whether voluntary stand-up physical activity (SPA) without forced simulating factors improves endurance exercise capacity in animals. We examined the eff ects of SPA on body weight, cardiac function, and endurance exercise capacity for 12 weeks. Twelve male Sprague-Dawley rats (aged 8 weeks, n=6 per group) were randomly assigned to a control group (CON) or a voluntary SPA group. The rats were induced to perform voluntary SPA (lifting a load equal to their body weight), while the food height (18.0 cm) in cages was increased progressively by 3.5 every 4 weeks until it reached 28.5 cm for 12 weeks. The SPA group showed a lower body weight compared to the CON group, but voluntary SPA did not affect the skeletal muscle and heart weights, food intake, and echocardiography results. Although the SPA group showed higher grip strength, running time, and distance compared to the CON group, the level of irisin, corticosterone, genetic expression of mitochondrial biogenesis, and nuclei numbers were not affected. These findings show that voluntary SPA without any forced stimuli in rats can eff ectively reduce body weight and enhance endurance exercise capacity, suggesting that it may be an important alternative strategy to enhance endurance exercise capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Yun Seo
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Sung Ryul Lee
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Hyo-Bum Kwak
- Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Kyo Won Seo
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Robin A McGregor
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Ji Young Yeo
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Tae Hee Ko
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Saranhuu Bolorerdene
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Nari Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Kyung Soo Ko
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Byoung Doo Rhee
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Jin Han
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
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