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Ahmed M, Tezera LB, Herbert N, Chambers M, Reichmann MT, Nargan K, Kloverpris H, Karim F, Hlatshwayo M, Madensein R, Habesh M, Hoque M, Steyn AJ, Elkington PT, Leslie AJ. Myeloid cell expression of CD200R is modulated in active TB disease and regulates Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in a biomimetic model. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1360412. [PMID: 38745652 PMCID: PMC11091283 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1360412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
A robust immune response is required for resistance to pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), the primary disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). However, pharmaceutical inhibition of T cell immune checkpoint molecules can result in the rapid development of active disease in latently infected individuals, indicating the importance of T cell immune regulation. In this study, we investigated the potential role of CD200R during Mtb infection, a key immune checkpoint for myeloid cells. Expression of CD200R was consistently downregulated on CD14+ monocytes in the blood of subjects with active TB compared to healthy controls, suggesting potential modulation of this important anti-inflammatory pathway. In homogenized TB-diseased lung tissue, CD200R expression was highly variable on monocytes and CD11b+HLA-DR+ macrophages but tended to be lowest in the most diseased lung tissue sections. This observation was confirmed by fluorescent microscopy, which showed the expression of CD200R on CD68+ macrophages surrounding TB lung granuloma and found expression levels tended to be lower in macrophages closest to the granuloma core and inversely correlated with lesion size. Antibody blockade of CD200R in a biomimetic 3D granuloma-like tissue culture system led to significantly increased Mtb growth. In addition, Mtb infection in this system reduced gene expression of CD200R. These findings indicate that regulation of myeloid cells via CD200R is likely to play an important part in the immune response to TB and may represent a potential target for novel therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ahmed
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- College of Health Sciences, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Liku B. Tezera
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Herbert
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- College of Health Sciences, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mark Chambers
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- College of Health Sciences, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Michaela T. Reichmann
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Henrik Kloverpris
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Farina Karim
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- College of Health Sciences, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Rajhmun Madensein
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nelson Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Munir Habesh
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nelson Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Monjural Hoque
- Kwadabeka Community Health Care Centre, Kwadabeka, South Africa
| | - Adrie J.C. Steyn
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Paul T. Elkington
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Alasdair J. Leslie
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- College of Health Sciences, School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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2
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Chollet L, Heumel S, Deruyter L, Bouilloux F, Delval L, Robert V, Gevaert MH, Pichavant M, Sencio V, Robil C, Wolowczuk I, Sokol H, Auger S, Douablin A, Langella P, Chatel JM, Grangette C, Trottein F. Faecalibacterium duncaniae as a novel next generation probiotic against influenza. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1347676. [PMID: 38590519 PMCID: PMC11000806 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1347676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut-lung axis is critical during viral respiratory infections such as influenza. Gut dysbiosis during infection translates into a massive drop of microbially produced short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Among them, butyrate is important during influenza suggesting that microbiome-based therapeutics targeting butyrate might hold promises. The butyrate-producing bacterium Faecalibacterium duncaniae (formerly referred to as F. prausnitzii) is an emerging probiotic with several health-promoting characteristics. To investigate the potential effects of F. duncaniae on influenza outcomes, mice were gavaged with live F. duncaniae (A2-165 or I-4574 strains) five days before infection. Supplementation of F. duncaniae was associated with less severe disease, a lower pulmonary viral load, and lower levels of lung inflammation. F. duncaniae supplementation impacted on gut dysbiosis induced by infection, as assessed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Interestingly, F. duncaniae administration was associated with a recovery in levels of SCFAs (including butyrate) in infected animals. The live form of F. duncaniae was more potent that the pasteurized form in improving influenza outcomes. Lastly, F. duncaniae partially protected against secondary (systemic) bacterial infection. We conclude that F. duncaniae might serve as a novel next generation probiotic against acute viral respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Chollet
- Univ. Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 9017 - CIIL – Centre d′Infection et d′Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Séverine Heumel
- Univ. Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 9017 - CIIL – Centre d′Infection et d′Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Lucie Deruyter
- Univ. Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 9017 - CIIL – Centre d′Infection et d′Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - Lou Delval
- Univ. Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 9017 - CIIL – Centre d′Infection et d′Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Véronique Robert
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1319 (UMR1319) Micalis, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de Recherche Pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), AgroParisTech, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Gevaert
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Lille, Univ. Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41-UAR 2014-PLBS, Lille, France
| | - Muriel Pichavant
- Univ. Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 9017 - CIIL – Centre d′Infection et d′Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Valentin Sencio
- Univ. Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 9017 - CIIL – Centre d′Infection et d′Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Cyril Robil
- Univ. Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 9017 - CIIL – Centre d′Infection et d′Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Isabelle Wolowczuk
- Univ. Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 9017 - CIIL – Centre d′Infection et d′Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Harry Sokol
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Centre de Recherche scientifique Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Assistance Public – Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Saint-Antoine Hospital, Gastroenterology Department, Paris, France
- Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM) Fédérations Hospitalo-Universitaires (FHU), Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Auger
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1319 (UMR1319) Micalis, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de Recherche Pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), AgroParisTech, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Philippe Langella
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1319 (UMR1319) Micalis, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de Recherche Pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), AgroParisTech, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jean-Marc Chatel
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1319 (UMR1319) Micalis, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de Recherche Pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), AgroParisTech, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Corinne Grangette
- Univ. Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 9017 - CIIL – Centre d′Infection et d′Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - François Trottein
- Univ. Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 9017 - CIIL – Centre d′Infection et d′Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
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3
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Guo Z, Xie Q, Ren Q, Liu Y, Li K, Li B, Li J. Enhancing immune regulation in vitro: the synergistic impact of 3'-sialyllactose and osteopontin in a nutrient blend following influenza virus infection. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1271926. [PMID: 38426086 PMCID: PMC10902112 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1271926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural components of breast milk, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and osteopontin (OPN) have been shown to have a variety of functional activities and are widely used in infant formulas. However, the preventive and therapeutic effects of both on influenza viruses are not known. In this study, antiviral assays using a human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEP-2) showed that 3'-sialyllactose (3'-SL) and OPN had the best antiviral ability with IC50 values of 33.46 μM and 1.65 μM, respectively. 3'-SL (10 μM) and OPN (4 μM) were used in combination to achieve 75% inhibition. Further studies found that the combination of 200 μg/mL of 3'-SL with 500 μg/mL of OPN exerted the best antiviral ability. The reason for this was related to reduced levels of the cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and iNOS in relation to mRNA expression. Plaque assay and TCID50 assay found the same results and verified synergistic effects. Our research indicates that a combination of 3'-SL and OPN can effectively reduce inflammatory storms and exhibit anti-influenza virus effects through synergistic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengtao Guo
- School of Food, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qinggang Xie
- Feihe Reseach Institute, Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Beijing, China
| | - Qiqi Ren
- Feihe Reseach Institute, Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Feihe Reseach Institute, Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Beijing, China
| | - Kaifeng Li
- Feihe Reseach Institute, Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Beijing, China
| | - Bailiang Li
- School of Food, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jufang Li
- Feihe Reseach Institute, Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Beijing, China
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4
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Malik J, Ahmed S, Yaseen Z, Alanazi M, Alharby TN, Alshammari HA, Anwar S. Association of SARS-CoV-2 and Polypharmacy with Gut-Lung Axis: From Pathogenesis to Treatment. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:33651-33665. [PMID: 36164411 PMCID: PMC9491241 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a novel infectious contagion leading to COVID-19 disease. The virus has affected the lives of millions of people across the globe with a high mortality rate. It predominantly affects the lung (respiratory system), but it also affects other organs, including the cardiovascular, psychological, and gastrointestinal (GIT) systems. Moreover, elderly and comorbid patients with compromised organ functioning and pre-existing polypharmacy have worsened COVID-19-associated complications. Microbiota (MB) of the lung plays an important role in developing COVID-19. The extent of damage mainly depends on the predominance of opportunistic pathogens and, inversely, with the predominance of advantageous commensals. Changes in the gut MB are associated with a bidirectional shift in the interaction among the gut with a number of vital human organs, which leads to severe disease symptoms. This review focuses on dysbiosis in the gut-lung axis, COVID-19-induced worsening of comorbidities, and the influence of polypharmacy on MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonaid
Ahmad Malik
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National
Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Rupnagar 140001, India
| | - Sakeel Ahmed
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National
Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Zahid Yaseen
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Delhi Pharmaceutical
Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, Delhi 110017, India
| | - Muteb Alanazi
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81422, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tareq Nafea Alharby
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81422, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sirajudheen Anwar
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81422, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Bai X, Yang W, Li H, Zhao Y, Fan W, Zhang H, Liu W, Sun L. Cyclosporine A Regulates Influenza A Virus-induced Macrophages Polarization and Inflammatory Responses by Targeting Cyclophilin A. Front Immunol 2022; 13:861292. [PMID: 35693825 PMCID: PMC9174699 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.861292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclosporine A (CsA) is an immunosuppressive drug that suppresses T cell responses and is broadly used in transplantation. Its immunosuppressive action is closely linked to its binding of cyclophilin A (CypA), which widely distributed in different cell types. CsA also regulates the functions of innate immune cells, but the mechanism remains elusive. Here, we investigate the role of CsA in regulating macrophages polarization in influenza A virus-infected mice and mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. CsA downregulates pro-inflammatory cytokines expression and upregulates anti-inflammatory cytokines expression. Mechanically, CsA decreases the polarization of macrophages into pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype and increases the polarization of macrophages into anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Further studies show that CsA regulates macrophages polarization-associated IFN-γ/STAT1 and IL-4/STAT6 signaling pathways. Meanwhile, all these roles of CsA are eliminated when CypA is absent, suggesting that CsA regulates macrophages polarization and inflammatory responses depend on its binding to CypA. Collectively, these results reveal a crucial mechanism of CsA in attenuating IAV-induced inflammatory responses by a switch in macrophages polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.,Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenxian Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.,Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Heqiao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuna Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources & Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Wenhui Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - He Zhang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.,Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources & Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Lei Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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6
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Wang S, Chen Y, Hong W, Li B, Zhou Y, Ran P. Chronic exposure to biomass ambient particulate matter triggers alveolar macrophage polarization and activation in the rat lung. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:1156-1168. [PMID: 34994052 PMCID: PMC8831949 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of alveolar macrophages (AMs) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is unclear. We characterized the function of AMs in rats chronically exposed to biomass fuel smoke (BMF) and studied the signal pathways that regulate AMs polarization. One hundred and eighty male Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided into BMF group and clean air control (CON) group. After BMF smoke exposure for 4 days, 1 month and 6 months, the cytokine secretion and function of AMs were determined by flow cytometry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Bone marrow‐derived macrophages were cultured and exposed to particulate matter (PM) from the smoke. Exposure initially promoted pro‐inflammatory factors, but pro‐inflammatory macrophages shared features of anti‐inflammatory macrophages. Consistent with IL‐4 upregulated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, p‐Stat6 and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in AMs elevated at 4 days of exposure. After 6 months of exposure, CD206, TGF‐β1 and p‐Smad3 were significantly higher than the control groups. PPARγ reversed the M1 phenotype induced by PM in vitro and drove the macrophages into the M2 phenotype. Altogether, the study demonstrates the dynamic phenotype and functional changes in AMs during exposure to BMF smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University for Nationalities, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Yuhua Chen
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Hong
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bing Li
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yumin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pixin Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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7
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Antiviral Activities of Andrographolide and Its Derivatives: Mechanism of Action and Delivery System. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111102. [PMID: 34832884 PMCID: PMC8619093 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Andrographispaniculata (Burm.f.) Nees has been used as a traditional medicine in Asian countries, especially China, India, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Indonesia. This herbaceous plant extract contains active compounds with multiple biological activities against various diseases, including the flu, colds, fever, diabetes, hypertension, and cancer. Several isolated compounds from A. paniculata, such as andrographolide and its analogs, have attracted much interest for their potential treatment against several virus infections, including SARS-CoV-2. The mechanisms of action in inhibiting viral infections can be categorized into several types, including regulating the viral entry stage, gene replication, and the formation of mature functional proteins. The efficacy of andrographolide as an antiviral candidate was further investigated since the phytoconstituents of A. paniculata exhibit various physicochemical characteristics, including low solubility and low bioavailability. A discussion on the delivery systems of these active compounds could accelerate their development for commercial applications as antiviral drugs. This study critically reviewed the current antiviral development based on andrographolide and its derivative compounds, especially on their mechanism of action as antiviral drugs and drug delivery systems.
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8
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Viral and Bacterial Co-Infections in the Lungs: Dangerous Liaisons. Viruses 2021; 13:v13091725. [PMID: 34578306 PMCID: PMC8472850 DOI: 10.3390/v13091725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory tract infections constitute a significant public health problem, with a therapeutic arsenal that remains relatively limited and that is threatened by the emergence of antiviral and/or antibiotic resistance. Viral–bacterial co-infections are very often associated with the severity of these respiratory infections and have been explored mainly in the context of bacterial superinfections following primary influenza infection. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying these co-infections between respiratory viruses (influenza viruses, RSV, and SARS-CoV-2) and bacteria, at both the physiological and immunological levels. This review also explores the importance of the microbiome and the pathological context in the evolution of these respiratory tract co-infections and presents the different in vitro and in vivo experimental models available. A better understanding of the complex functional interactions between viruses/bacteria and host cells will allow the development of new, specific, and more effective diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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9
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Desterke C, Turhan AG, Bennaceur-Griscelli A, Griscelli F. HLA-dependent heterogeneity and macrophage immunoproteasome activation during lung COVID-19 disease. J Transl Med 2021; 19:290. [PMID: 34225749 PMCID: PMC8256232 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02965-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The worldwide pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus is characterized by significant and unpredictable heterogeneity in symptoms that remains poorly understood. METHODS Transcriptome and single cell transcriptome of COVID19 lung were integrated with deeplearning analysis of MHC class I immunopeptidome against SARS-COV2 proteome. RESULTS An analysis of the transcriptomes of lung samples from COVID-19 patients revealed that activation of MHC class I antigen presentation in these tissues was correlated with the amount of SARS-CoV-2 RNA present. Similarly, a positive relationship was detected in these samples between the level of SARS-CoV-2 and the expression of a genomic cluster located in the 6p21.32 region (40 kb long, inside the MHC-II cluster) that encodes constituents of the immunoproteasome. An analysis of single-cell transcriptomes of bronchoalveolar cells highlighted the activation of the immunoproteasome in CD68 + M1 macrophages of COVID-19 patients in addition to a PSMB8-based trajectory in these cells that featured an activation of defense response during mild cases of the disease, and an impairment of alveolar clearance mechanisms during severe COVID-19. By examining the binding affinity of the SARS-CoV-2 immunopeptidome with the most common HLA-A, -B, and -C alleles worldwide, we found higher numbers of stronger presenters in type A alleles and in Asian populations, which could shed light on why this disease is now less widespread in this part of the world. CONCLUSIONS HLA-dependent heterogeneity in macrophage immunoproteasome activation during lung COVID-19 disease could have implications for efforts to predict the response to HLA-dependent SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in the global population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Desterke
- INSERM UA9- University Paris-Saclay, 94800, Villejuif, France
- University Paris Saclay, Faculty of Medicine, 94275, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Ali G Turhan
- INSERM UA9- University Paris-Saclay, 94800, Villejuif, France
- ESTeam Paris Sud, INGESTEM National IPSC Infrastructure, University Paris-Saclay, 94800, Villejuif, France
- Division of Hematology, Kremlin-Bicetre Hospital, 94270, Kremlin Bicetre, France
- University Paris Saclay, Faculty of Medicine, 94275, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Annelise Bennaceur-Griscelli
- INSERM UA9- University Paris-Saclay, 94800, Villejuif, France
- ESTeam Paris Sud, INGESTEM National IPSC Infrastructure, University Paris-Saclay, 94800, Villejuif, France
- Division of Hematology, Kremlin-Bicetre Hospital, 94270, Kremlin Bicetre, France
- University Paris Saclay, Faculty of Medicine, 94275, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Frank Griscelli
- INSERM UA9- University Paris-Saclay, 94800, Villejuif, France.
- ESTeam Paris Sud, INGESTEM National IPSC Infrastructure, University Paris-Saclay, 94800, Villejuif, France.
- University of Paris, Faculty Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté Des Sciences Pharmaceutiques Et Biologiques, Paris, France.
- Department of Biopathology, Gustave-Roussy Cancer Institute, 94800, Villejuif, France.
- INSERM UA9, Institut André Lwoff, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Bâtiment A CNRS, 7 rue Guy Moquet, 94802, Villejuif, France.
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10
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Jiang M, Sheng F, Zhang Z, Ma X, Gao T, Fu C, Li P. Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees and its major constituent andrographolide as potential antiviral agents. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 272:113954. [PMID: 33610706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees is widely used all over the world, especially in subtropical regions such as India, Thailand, Vietnam, and China. As a traditional folk Chinese medicine, A. paniculata has been extensively utilized for the treatment of cold, fever, sore throat, cough, carbuncle, and sores, and it is commonly employed for 'clearing heat and resolving toxicity'. Typical symptoms of 'heat and toxicity' include swollen, painful gums, associated with virus-related diseases to a great extent. In vivo and in vitro experiments have demonstrated the potential antiviral properties of A. paniculata and identified its major active constituents against various viruses. AIM OF THE STUDY This review focuses on connecting the traditional 'clearing heat and resolving toxicity' effect to compelling recent research advances on the antiviral effects of A. paniculata, explaining its major antiviral mechanisms, and assessing the shortcomings of existing work. Besides, ethnobotany, ethnopharmacological uses, phytochemicals, and toxicology of A. paniculata have been researched. MATERIALS AND METHODS The information about A. paniculata was collected from various sources including classic books about Chinese herbal medicine, and scientific databases including WEB OF SCIENCE, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Springer, ACS, SCOPUS, CNKI, CSTJ, and WANFANG. RESULTS In this review, the underlying mechanisms of antiviral effect mainly involve the regulation of virus entry, gene replication, and synthesis of functionally mature proteins. Also, A. paniculata is a safe agent without obvious toxicity. Ethnobotany, ethnopharmacological uses, and chemical constituents have been summarized. CONCLUSION Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees could be used as an imperative complementary medicine for the treatment of diverse virus infection, efforts should be made to gain insights into its antiviral properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoyuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, China.
| | - Feiya Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, China.
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Xiao Ma
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Tianhui Gao
- Medical College, Qingdao Binhai University, Qingdao, 266555, China.
| | - Chaomei Fu
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, China.
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11
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Margaroli C, Benson P, Sharma NS, Madison MC, Robison SW, Arora N, Ton K, Liang Y, Zhang L, Patel RP, Gaggar A. Spatial mapping of SARS-CoV-2 and H1N1 lung injury identifies differential transcriptional signatures. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100242. [PMID: 33778787 PMCID: PMC7985929 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Severe SARS-CoV-2 infection often leads to the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), with profound pulmonary patho-histological changes post-mortem. It is not clear whether ARDS from SARS-CoV-2 is similar to that observed in influenza H1N1, another common viral cause of lung injury. Here, we analyze specific ARDS regions of interest utilizing a spatial transcriptomic platform on autopsy-derived lung tissue from patients with SARS-CoV-2 (n = 3), H1N1 (n = 3), and a dual infected individual (n = 1). Enhanced gene signatures in alveolar epithelium, vascular tissue, and lung macrophages identify not only increased regional coagulopathy but also increased extracellular remodeling, alternative macrophage activation, and squamous metaplasia of type II pneumocytes in SARS-CoV-2. Both the H1N1 and dual-infected transcriptome demonstrated an enhanced antiviral response compared to SARS-CoV-2. Our results uncover regional transcriptional changes related to tissue damage/remodeling, altered cellular phenotype, and vascular injury active in SARS-CoV-2 and present therapeutic targets for COVID-19-related ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Margaroli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Program in Protease/Matrix Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Paul Benson
- Department of Pathology, Division of Anatomic Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nirmal S. Sharma
- Program in Protease/Matrix Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew C. Madison
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Program in Protease/Matrix Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sarah W. Robison
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Program in Protease/Matrix Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nitin Arora
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children’s Hospital of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kathy Ton
- Nanostring Technologies Inc., Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yan Liang
- Nanostring Technologies Inc., Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Liang Zhang
- Nanostring Technologies Inc., Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rakesh P. Patel
- Program in Protease/Matrix Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular & Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Amit Gaggar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Program in Protease/Matrix Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
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12
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Effect of rifaximin on gut-lung axis in mice infected with influenza A virus. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 75:101611. [PMID: 33503578 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2021.101611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gut-lung axis injury is a common finding in patients with respiratory diseases as well as in animal model of influenza virus infection. Influenza virus damages the intestinal microecology while affecting the lungs. Rifaximin, a non-absorbable derivative of rifamycin, is an effective antibiotic that acts by inhibiting bacterial RNA synthesis. This study aimed to determine whether rifaximin-perturbation of the intestinal microbiome leads to protective effects against influenza infection, via the gut-lung axis. Our results showed that influenza virus infection caused inflammation of and damage to the lungs. The expression of tight junction proteins in the lung and colon of H1N1 infected mice decreased significantly, attesting that the barrier structure of the lung and colon was damaged. Due to this perturbation in the gut-lung axis, the intestinal microbiota became imbalanced as Escherichia coli bacteria replicated opportunistically, causing intestinal injury. When influenza infection was treated with rifamixin, qPCR results from the gut showed significant increases in Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium populations, while Escherichia coli populations markedly decreased. Furthermore, pathology sections and western blotting results illustrated that rifaximin treatment strengthened the physical barriers of the lung-gut axis through increased expression of tight junction protein in the colon and lungs. These results indicated that rifaximin ameliorated lung and intestine injury induced by influenza virus infection. The mechanisms identified were the regulation of gut flora balance and intestinal and lung permeability, which might be related to the regulation of the gut-lung axis. Rifaximin might be useful as a co-treatment drug for the prevention of influenza virus infection.
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13
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Frank K, Paust S. Dynamic Natural Killer Cell and T Cell Responses to Influenza Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:425. [PMID: 32974217 PMCID: PMC7461885 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses have perplexed scientists for over a hundred years. Yearly vaccines limit their spread, but they do not prevent all infections. Therapeutic treatments for those experiencing severe infection are limited; further advances are held back by insufficient understanding of the fundamental immune mechanisms responsible for immunopathology. NK cells and T cells are essential in host responses to influenza infection. They produce immunomodulatory cytokines and mediate the cytotoxic response to infection. An imbalance in NK and T cell responses can lead to two outcomes: excessive inflammation and tissue damage or insufficient anti-viral functions and uncontrolled infection. The main cause of death in influenza patients is the former, mediated by hyperinflammatory responses termed “cytokine storm.” NK cells and T cells contribute to cytokine storm, but they are also required for viral clearance. Many studies have attempted to distinguish protective and pathogenic components of the NK cell and T cell influenza response, but it has become clear that they are dynamic and integrated processes. This review will analyze how NK cell and T cell effector functions during influenza infection affect the host response and correlate with morbidity and mortality outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Frank
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States.,The Skaggs Graduate Program in Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Silke Paust
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States.,The Skaggs Graduate Program in Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
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14
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Hiremath J, Renu S, Tabynov K, Renukaradhya GJ. Pulmonary inflammatory response to influenza virus infection in pigs is regulated by DAP12 and macrophage M1 and M2 phenotypes. Cell Immunol 2020; 352:104078. [PMID: 32164997 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We delineated the expression of DAP12 (DNAX-Activating Protein) and its associated receptors, TREM-1, TREM-2 and MDL-1 in pig alveolar monocyte/macrophages (AMM) that have attained M1 or M2 phenotypes. Pig AMM stimulated in vitro with IFN-γ and IL-4 induced the expression of M1 (TNFα and iNOS) and M2 (ARG1 and no MMR) phenotypic markers, respectively. In influenza virus infected pigs at seven days post-infection, in addition to substantial modulations in the M1 and M2 markers expression, DAP12, TREM-1 and MDL-1 were downregulated in AMM. Thus, DAP12 signaling promoted the anti-inflammatory pathway in AMM of influenza virus infected pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadish Hiremath
- Food Animal Health Research Program, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA; ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sankar Renu
- Food Animal Health Research Program, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Kaissar Tabynov
- Kazakh National Agrarian University, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan and Research Institute of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
| | - Gourapura J Renukaradhya
- Food Animal Health Research Program, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA.
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15
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Hassane M, Jouan Y, Creusat F, Soulard D, Boisseau C, Gonzalez L, Patin EC, Heuzé-Vourc'h N, Sirard JC, Faveeuw C, Trottein F, Si-Tahar M, Baranek T, Paget C. Interleukin-7 protects against bacterial respiratory infection by promoting IL-17A-producing innate T-cell response. Mucosal Immunol 2020; 13:128-139. [PMID: 31628425 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0212-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is a critical cytokine in B- and T-lymphocyte development and maturation. Recent evidence suggests that IL-7 is a preferential homeostatic and survival factor for RORγt+ innate T cells such as natural killer T (NKT) cells, γδT cells, and mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in the periphery. Given the important contribution of these populations in antibacterial immunity at barrier sites, we questioned whether IL-7 could be instrumental in boosting the local host immune response against respiratory bacterial infection. By using a cytokine-monoclonal antibody approach, we illustrated a role for topical IL-7 delivery in increasing the pool of RORγt+ IL-17A-producing innate T cells. Prophylactic IL-7 treatment prior to Streptococcus pneumoniae infection led to better bacterial containment, a process associated with increased neutrophilia and that depended on γδT cells and IL-17A. Last, combined delivery of IL-7 and α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), a potent agonist for invariant NKT (iNKT) cells, conferred an almost total protection in terms of survival, an effect associated with enhanced IL-17 production by innate T cells and neutrophilia. Collectively, we provide a proof of concept that IL-7 enables fine-tuning of innate T- cell functions. This might pave the way for considering IL-7 as an innovative biotherapeutic against bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Hassane
- Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, University of Lille, CHU Lille- Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Youenn Jouan
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR, 1100, Tours, France.,Université de Tours, Faculté de Médecine de Tours, Tours, France.,Service de Médecine Intensive et Réanimation, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Tours, France
| | - Florent Creusat
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR, 1100, Tours, France.,Université de Tours, Faculté de Médecine de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Daphnée Soulard
- Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, University of Lille, CHU Lille- Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Chloé Boisseau
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR, 1100, Tours, France.,Université de Tours, Faculté de Médecine de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Loïc Gonzalez
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR, 1100, Tours, France.,Université de Tours, Faculté de Médecine de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Emmanuel C Patin
- Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, University of Lille, CHU Lille- Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Heuzé-Vourc'h
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR, 1100, Tours, France.,Université de Tours, Faculté de Médecine de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Jean-Claude Sirard
- Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, University of Lille, CHU Lille- Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Christelle Faveeuw
- Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, University of Lille, CHU Lille- Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - François Trottein
- Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, University of Lille, CHU Lille- Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Mustapha Si-Tahar
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR, 1100, Tours, France.,Université de Tours, Faculté de Médecine de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Thomas Baranek
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR, 1100, Tours, France.,Université de Tours, Faculté de Médecine de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Christophe Paget
- Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, University of Lille, CHU Lille- Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000, Lille, France. .,INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR, 1100, Tours, France. .,Université de Tours, Faculté de Médecine de Tours, Tours, France.
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16
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Laskin DL, Malaviya R, Laskin JD. Role of Macrophages in Acute Lung Injury and Chronic Fibrosis Induced by Pulmonary Toxicants. Toxicol Sci 2019; 168:287-301. [PMID: 30590802 PMCID: PMC6432864 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A diverse group of toxicants has been identified that cause injury to the lung including gases (eg, ozone, chlorine), particulates/aerosols (eg, diesel exhaust, fly ash, other combustion products, mustards, nanomaterials, silica, asbestos), chemotherapeutics (eg, bleomycin), and radiation. The pathologic response to these toxicants depends on the dose and duration of exposure and their physical/chemical properties. A common response to pulmonary toxicant exposure is an accumulation of proinflammatory/cytotoxic M1 macrophages at sites of tissue injury, followed by the appearance of anti-inflammatory/wound repair M2 macrophages. It is thought that the outcome of the pathogenic responses to toxicants depends on the balance in the activity of these macrophage subpopulations. Overactivation of either M1 or M2 macrophages leads to injury and disease pathogenesis. Thus, the very same macrophage-derived mediators, released in controlled amounts to destroy injurious materials and pathogens (eg, reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, proteases, tumor necrosis factor α) and initiate wound repair (eg, transforming growth factor β, connective tissue growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor), can exacerbate acute lung injury and/or induce chronic disease such as fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma, when released in excess. This review focuses on the role of macrophage subsets in acute lung injury and chronic fibrosis. Understanding how these pathologies develop following exposure to toxicants, and the contribution of resident and inflammatory macrophages to disease pathogenesis may lead to the development of novel approaches for treating lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra L Laskin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy
| | - Rama Malaviya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy
| | - Jeffrey D Laskin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
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17
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Paget C, Trottein F. Mechanisms of Bacterial Superinfection Post-influenza: A Role for Unconventional T Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:336. [PMID: 30881357 PMCID: PMC6405625 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the widespread application of vaccination programs and antiviral drug treatments, influenza viruses are still among the most harmful human pathogens. Indeed, influenza results in significant seasonal and pandemic morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, severe bacterial infections can occur in the aftermath of influenza virus infection, and contribute substantially to the excess morbidity and mortality associated with influenza. Here, we review the main features of influenza viruses and current knowledge about the mechanical and immune mechanisms that underlie post-influenza secondary bacterial infections. We present the emerging literature describing the role of "innate-like" unconventional T cells in post-influenza bacterial superinfection. Unconventional T cell populations span the border between the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system, and are prevalent in mucosal tissues (including the airways). They mainly comprise Natural Killer T cells, mucosal-associated invariant T cells and γδ T cells. We provide an overview of the principal functions that these cells play in pulmonary barrier functions and immunity, highlighting their unique ability to sense environmental factors and promote protection against respiratory bacterial infections. We focus on two major opportunistic pathogens involved in superinfections, namely Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. We discuss mechanisms through which influenza viruses alter the antibacterial activity of unconventional T cells. Lastly, we discuss recent fundamental advances and possible therapeutic approaches in which unconventional T cells would be targeted to prevent post-influenza bacterial superinfections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Paget
- Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1100, Tours, France.,Faculty of Medicine, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - François Trottein
- U1019-UMR 8204-CIIL-Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, Lille, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France.,Centre Hospitalier, Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
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18
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Vangeti S, Gertow J, Yu M, Liu S, Baharom F, Scholz S, Friberg D, Starkhammar M, Ahlberg A, Smed-Sörensen A. Human Blood and Tonsil Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Display Similar Gene Expression Profiles but Exhibit Differential Type I IFN Responses to Influenza A Virus Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:2069-2081. [PMID: 30760619 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) infection constitutes an annual health burden across the globe. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) are central in antiviral defense because of their superior capacity to produce type I IFNs in response to viruses. Dendritic cells (DCs) differ depending on their anatomical location. However, only limited host-pathogen data are available from the initial site of infection in humans. In this study, we investigated how human tonsil PDCs, likely exposed to virus because of their location, responded to IAV infection compared with peripheral blood PDCs. In tonsils, unlike in blood, PDCs are the most frequent DC subset. Both tonsil and blood PDCs expressed several genes necessary for pathogen recognition and immune response, generally in a similar pattern. MxA, a protein that renders cells resistant to IAV infection, was detected in both tonsil and blood PDCs. However, despite steady-state MxA expression and contrary to previous reports, at high IAV concentrations (typically cytopathic to other immune cells), both tonsil and blood PDCs supported IAV infection. IAV exposure resulted in PDC maturation by upregulation of CD86 expression and IFN-α secretion. Interestingly, blood PDCs secreted 10-fold more IFN-α in response to IAV compared with tonsil PDCs. Tonsil PDCs also had a dampened cytokine response to purified TLR ligands compared with blood PDCs. Our findings suggest that tonsil PDCs may be less responsive to IAV than blood PDCs, highlighting the importance of studying immune cells at their proposed site of function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindhu Vangeti
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jens Gertow
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Meng Yu
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sang Liu
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Faezzah Baharom
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Saskia Scholz
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Danielle Friberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magnus Starkhammar
- Capio Ear, Nose and Throat Clinic Globen, 121 77 Johanneshov, Sweden; and
| | - Alexander Ahlberg
- Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Smed-Sörensen
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden;
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19
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Morgan DJ, Casulli J, Chew C, Connolly E, Lui S, Brand OJ, Rahman R, Jagger C, Hussell T. Innate Immune Cell Suppression and the Link With Secondary Lung Bacterial Pneumonia. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2943. [PMID: 30619303 PMCID: PMC6302086 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary infections arise as a consequence of previous or concurrent conditions and occur in the community or in the hospital setting. The events allowing secondary infections to gain a foothold have been studied for many years and include poor nutrition, anxiety, mental health issues, underlying chronic diseases, resolution of acute inflammation, primary immune deficiencies, and immune suppression by infection or medication. Children, the elderly and the ill are particularly susceptible. This review is concerned with secondary bacterial infections of the lung that occur following viral infection. Using influenza virus infection as an example, with comparisons to rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus infection, we will update and review defective bacterial innate immunity and also highlight areas for potential new investigation. It is currently estimated that one in 16 National Health Service (NHS) hospital patients develop an infection, the most common being pneumonia, lower respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections and infection of surgical sites. The continued drive to understand the mechanisms of why secondary infections arise is therefore of key importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Morgan
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua Casulli
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Chew
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Connolly
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvia Lui
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver J Brand
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rizwana Rahman
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Jagger
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Tracy Hussell
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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20
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Johnson P, Arif AA, Lee-Sayer SSM, Dong Y. Hyaluronan and Its Interactions With Immune Cells in the Healthy and Inflamed Lung. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2787. [PMID: 30555472 PMCID: PMC6281886 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan is a hygroscopic glycosaminoglycan that contributes to both extracellular and pericellular matrices. While the production of hyaluronan is essential for mammalian development, less is known about its interaction and function with immune cells. Here we review what is known about hyaluronan in the lung and how it impacts immune cells, both at homeostasis and during lung inflammation and fibrosis. In the healthy lung, alveolar macrophages provide the first line of defense and play important roles in immunosurveillance and lipid surfactant homeostasis. Alveolar macrophages are surrounded by a coat of hyaluronan that is bound by CD44, a major hyaluronan receptor on immune cells, and this interaction contributes to their survival and the maintenance of normal alveolar macrophage numbers. Alveolar macrophages are conditioned by the alveolar environment to be immunosuppressive, and can phagocytose particulates without alerting an immune response. However, during acute lung infection or injury, an inflammatory immune response is triggered. Hyaluronan levels in the lung are rapidly increased and peak with maximum leukocyte infiltration, suggesting a role for hyaluronan in facilitating leukocyte access to the injury site. Hyaluronan can also be bound by hyaladherins (hyaluronan binding proteins), which create a provisional matrix to facilitate tissue repair. During the subsequent remodeling process hyaluronan concentrations decline and levels return to baseline as homeostasis is restored. In chronic lung diseases, the inflammatory and/or repair phases persist, leading to sustained high levels of hyaluronan, accumulation of associated immune cells and an inability to resolve the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Arif A Arif
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sally S M Lee-Sayer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yifei Dong
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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21
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A Systems and Treatment Perspective of Models of Influenza Virus-Induced Host Responses. Processes (Basel) 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/pr6090138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe influenza infections are often characterized as having unique host responses (e.g., early, severe hypercytokinemia). Neuraminidase inhibitors can be effective in controlling the severe symptoms of influenza but are often not administered until late in the infection. Several studies suggest that immune modulation may offer protection to high risk groups. Here, we review the current state of mathematical models of influenza-induced host responses. Selecting three models with conserved immune response components, we determine if the immune system components which most affect virus replication when perturbed are conserved across the models. We also test each model’s response to a pre-induction of interferon before the virus is administered. We find that each model emphasizes the importance of controlling the infected cell population to control viral replication. Moreover, our work shows that the structure of current models does not allow for significant responses to increased interferon concentrations. These results suggest that the current library of available published models of influenza infection does not adequately represent the complex interactions of the virus, interferon, and other aspects of the immune response. Specifically, the method used to model virus-resistant cells may need to be adapted in future work to more realistically represent the immune response to viral infection.
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22
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Barthelemy A, Sencio V, Soulard D, Deruyter L, Faveeuw C, Le Goffic R, Trottein F. Interleukin-22 Immunotherapy during Severe Influenza Enhances Lung Tissue Integrity and Reduces Secondary Bacterial Systemic Invasion. Infect Immun 2018; 86:e00706-17. [PMID: 29661933 PMCID: PMC6013680 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00706-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe bacterial (pneumococcal) infections are commonly associated with influenza and are significant contributors to the excess morbidity and mortality of influenza. Disruption of lung tissue integrity during influenza participates in bacterial pulmonary colonization and dissemination out of the lungs. Interleukin-22 (IL-22) has gained considerable interest in anti-inflammatory and anti-infection immunotherapy over the last decade. In the current study, we investigated the effect of exogenous IL-22 delivery on the outcome of pneumococcal superinfection postinfluenza. Our data show that exogenous treatment of influenza virus-infected mice with recombinant IL-22 reduces bacterial dissemination out of the lungs but is without effect on pulmonary bacterial burden. Reduced systemic bacterial dissemination was linked to reinforced pulmonary barrier functions, as revealed by total protein measurement in the bronchoalveolar fluids, intratracheal fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran tracking, and histological approaches. We describe an IL-22-specific gene signature in the lung tissue of influenza A virus (IAV)-infected (and naive) mice that might explain the observed effects. Indeed, exogenous IL-22 modulates the gene expression profile in a way that suggests reinforcement of tissue integrity. Our results open the way to alternative approaches for limiting postinfluenza bacterial superinfection, particularly, systemic bacterial invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Barthelemy
- Universitaire de Lille, U1019, UMR 8204, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Valentin Sencio
- Universitaire de Lille, U1019, UMR 8204, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Daphnée Soulard
- Universitaire de Lille, U1019, UMR 8204, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Lucie Deruyter
- Universitaire de Lille, U1019, UMR 8204, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Christelle Faveeuw
- Universitaire de Lille, U1019, UMR 8204, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Ronan Le Goffic
- Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - François Trottein
- Universitaire de Lille, U1019, UMR 8204, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
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23
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The Regulation of Inflammation by Innate and Adaptive Lymphocytes. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:1467538. [PMID: 29992170 PMCID: PMC6016164 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1467538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays an essential role in the control of pathogens and in shaping the ensuing adaptive immune responses. Traditionally, innate immunity has been described as a rapid response triggered through generic and nonspecific means that by definition lacks the ability to remember. Recently, it has become clear that some innate immune cells are epigenetically reprogrammed or “imprinted” by past experiences. These “trained” innate immune cells display altered inflammatory responses upon subsequent pathogen encounter. Remembrance of past pathogen encounters has classically been attributed to cohorts of antigen-specific memory T and B cells following the resolution of infection. During recall responses, memory T and B cells quickly respond by proliferating, producing effector cytokines, and performing various effector functions. An often-overlooked effector function of memory CD4 and CD8 T cells is the promotion of an inflammatory milieu at the initial site of infection that mirrors the primary encounter. This memory-conditioned inflammatory response, in conjunction with other secondary effector T cell functions, results in better control and more rapid resolution of both infection and the associated tissue pathology. Recent advancements in our understanding of inflammatory triggers, imprinting of the innate immune responses, and the role of T cell memory in regulating inflammation are discussed.
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24
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Peiró T, Patel DF, Akthar S, Gregory LG, Pyle CJ, Harker JA, Birrell MA, Lloyd CM, Snelgrove RJ. Neutrophils drive alveolar macrophage IL-1β release during respiratory viral infection. Thorax 2018; 73:546-556. [PMID: 29079611 PMCID: PMC5969338 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-210010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alveolar macrophages are sentinels of the airways that must exhibit immune restraint to innocuous antigens but elicit a robust inflammatory response to pathogenic threats. How distinction between these dichotomous functions is controlled is poorly defined.Neutrophils are the first responders to infection, and we hypothesised that they may free alveolar macrophages from their hyporesponsive state, promoting their activation. Activation of the inflammasome and interleukin (IL)-1β release is a key early inflammatory event that must be tightly regulated. Thus, the role of neutrophils in defining inflammasome activation in the alveolar macrophage was assessed. METHODS Mice were infected with the X31 strain of influenza virus and the role of neutrophils in alveolar macrophage activation established through administration of a neutrophil-depleting (1A8) antibody. RESULTS Influenza elicited a robust IL-1β release that correlated (r=0.6849; p<0.001) with neutrophil infiltrate and was ablated by neutrophil depletion. Alveolar macrophages were shown to be the prominent source of IL-1β during influenza infection, and virus triggered the expression of Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and pro-IL-1β in these cells. However, subsequent activation of the inflammasome complex and release of mature IL-1β from alveolar macrophages were critically dependent on the provision of a secondary signal, in the form of antimicrobial peptide mCRAMP, from infiltrating neutrophils. CONCLUSIONS Neutrophils are critical for the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in alveolar macrophages during respiratory viral infection. Accordingly, we rationalise that neutrophils are recruited to the lung to confront a viable pathogenic threat and subsequently commit alveolar macrophages to a pro-inflammatory phenotype to combat infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Peiró
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Dhiren F Patel
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Samia Akthar
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lisa G Gregory
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Chloe J Pyle
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - James A Harker
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mark A Birrell
- Respiratory Pharmacology, Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Clare M Lloyd
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Robert J Snelgrove
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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25
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Mitsi E, Kamng'ona R, Rylance J, Solórzano C, Jesus Reiné J, Mwandumba HC, Ferreira DM, Jambo KC. Human alveolar macrophages predominately express combined classical M1 and M2 surface markers in steady state. Respir Res 2018; 19:66. [PMID: 29669565 PMCID: PMC5907303 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0777-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages (AM) are critical to the homeostasis of the inflammatory environment in the lung. Differential expression of surface markers classifies macrophages to either classically (M1) or alternatively activated (M2). We investigated the phenotype of human alveolar macrophages (AM) in adults living in two different geographical locations: UK and Malawi. We show that the majority of AM express high levels of M1 and M2 markers simultaneously, with the M1/M2 phenotype being stable in individuals from different geographical locations. The combined M1/M2 features confer to AM a hybrid phenotype, which does not fit the classic macrophage classification. This hybrid phenotype may confer to alveolar macrophages an ability to quickly switch between M1 or M2 associated functions allowing for appropriate responses to stimuli and tissue environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Mitsi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Raphael Kamng'ona
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, College of Medicine, P.O Box 30096, Chichiri, Blantyre, 3, Malawi
| | - Jamie Rylance
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Carla Solórzano
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - J Jesus Reiné
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Henry C Mwandumba
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.,Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, College of Medicine, P.O Box 30096, Chichiri, Blantyre, 3, Malawi
| | - Daniela M Ferreira
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kondwani C Jambo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK. .,Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, College of Medicine, P.O Box 30096, Chichiri, Blantyre, 3, Malawi.
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26
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Zhang P, Ding Z, Liu X, Chen Y, Li J, Tao Z, Fei Y, Xue C, Qian J, Wang X, Li Q, Stoeger T, Chen J, Bi Y, Yin R. Enhanced Replication of Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus in Chicken Macrophages Is due to Polarized Activation of Cells by Inhibition of TLR7. Front Immunol 2018; 9:366. [PMID: 29670609 PMCID: PMC5893744 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND), caused by infections with virulent strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), is one of the most important infectious disease affecting wild, peridomestic, and domestic birds worldwide. Vaccines constructed from live, low-virulence (lentogenic) viruses are the most accepted prevention and control strategies for combating ND in poultry across the globe. Avian macrophages are one of the first cell lines of defense against microbial infection, responding to signals in the microenvironment. Although macrophages are considered to be one of the main target cells for NDV infection in vivo, very little is known about the ability of NDV to infect chicken macrophages, and virulence mechanisms of NDV as well as the polarized activation patterns of macrophages and correlation with viral infection and replication. In the present study, a cell culture model (chicken bone marrow macrophage cell line HD11) and three different virulence and genotypes of NDV (including class II virulent NA-1, class II lentogenic LaSota, and class I lentogenic F55) were used to solve the above underlying questions. Our data indicated that all three NDV strains had similar replication rates during the early stages of infection. Virulent NDV titers were shown to increase compared to the other lentogenic strains, and this growth was associated with a strong upregulation of both pro-inflammatory M1-like markers/cytokines and anti-inflammatory M2-like markers/cytokines in chicken macrophages. Virulent NDV was found to block toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 expression, inducing higher expression of type I interferons in chicken macrophages at the late stage of viral infection. Only virulent NDV replication can be inhibited by pretreatment with TLR7 ligand. Overall, this study demonstrated that virulent NDV activates a M1-/M2-like mixed polarized activation of chicken macrophages by inhibition of TLR7, resulting in enhanced replication compared to lentogenic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingze Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhuang Ding
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanyu Chen
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Junjiao Li
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhi Tao
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yidong Fei
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Cong Xue
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Qian
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xueli Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Qingmei Li
- Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tobias Stoeger
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease (iLBD), Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Munich, Germany
| | - Jianjun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei, China
| | - Yuhai Bi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Renfu Yin
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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27
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Shepardson KM, Schwarz B, Larson K, Morton RV, Avera J, McCoy K, Caffrey A, Harmsen A, Douglas T, Rynda-Apple A. Induction of Antiviral Immune Response through Recognition of the Repeating Subunit Pattern of Viral Capsids Is Toll-Like Receptor 2 Dependent. mBio 2017; 8:e01356-17. [PMID: 29138299 PMCID: PMC5686532 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01356-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although viruses and viral capsids induce rapid immune responses, little is known about viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are exhibited on their surface. Here, we demonstrate that the repeating protein subunit pattern common to most virus capsids is a molecular pattern that induces a Toll-like-receptor-2 (TLR2)-dependent antiviral immune response. This early antiviral immune response regulates the clearance of subsequent bacterial superinfections, which are a primary cause of morbidities associated with influenza virus infections. Utilizing this altered susceptibility to subsequent bacterial challenge as an outcome, we determined that multiple unrelated, empty, and replication-deficient capsids initiated early TLR2-dependent immune responses, similar to intact influenza virus or murine pneumovirus. These TLR2-mediated responses driven by the capsid were not dependent upon the capsid's shape, size, origin, or amino acid sequence. However, they were dependent upon the multisubunit arrangement of the capsid proteins, because unlike intact capsids, individual capsid subunits did not enhance bacterial clearance. Further, we demonstrated that even a linear microfilament protein built from repeating protein subunits (F-actin), but not its monomer (G-actin), induced similar kinetics of subsequent bacterial clearance as did virus capsid. However, although capsids and F-actin induced similar bacterial clearance, in macrophages they required distinct TLR2 heterodimers for this response (TLR2/6 or TLR2/1, respectively) and different phagocyte populations were involved in the execution of these responses in vivo Our results demonstrate that TLR2 responds to invading viral particles that are composed of repeating protein subunits, indicating that this common architecture of virus capsids is a previously unrecognized molecular pattern.IMPORTANCE Rapid and precise pathogen identification is critical for the initiation of pathogen-specific immune responses and pathogen clearance. Bacteria and fungi express common molecular patterns on their exteriors that are recognized by cell surface-expressed host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) prior to infection. In contrast, viral molecular patterns are primarily nucleic acids, which are recognized after virus internalization. We found that an initial antiviral immune response is induced by the repeating subunit pattern of virus exteriors (capsids), and thus, induction of this response is independent of viral infection. This early response to viral capsids required the cell surface-expressed PRR TLR2 and allowed for improved clearance of subsequent bacterial infection that commonly complicates respiratory viral infections. Since the repeating protein subunit pattern is conserved across viral capsids, this suggests that it is not easy for a virus to change without altering fitness. Targeting this vulnerability could lead to development of a universal antiviral vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Shepardson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Benjamin Schwarz
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Kyle Larson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Rachelle V Morton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - John Avera
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Kimberly McCoy
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Alayna Caffrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Ann Harmsen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Trevor Douglas
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Agnieszka Rynda-Apple
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
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28
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Aas IB, Austbø L, Falk K, Hordvik I, Koppang EO. The interbranchial lymphoid tissue likely contributes to immune tolerance and defense in the gills of Atlantic salmon. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 76:247-254. [PMID: 28655579 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Central and peripheral immune tolerance is together with defense mechanisms a hallmark of all lymphoid tissues. In fish, such tolerance is especially important in the gills, where the intimate contact between gill tissue and the aqueous environment would otherwise lead to continual immune stimulation by innocuous antigens. In this paper, we focus on the expression of genes associated with immune regulation by the interbranchial lymphoid tissue (ILT) in an attempt to understand its role in maintaining immune homeostasis. Both healthy and virus-challenged fish were investigated, and transcript levels were examined from laser-dissected ILT, gills, head kidney and intestine. Lack of Aire expression in the ILT excluded its involvement in central tolerance and any possibility of its being an analogue to the thymus. On the other hand, the ILT appears to participate in peripheral immune tolerance due to its relatively high expression of forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3) and other genes associated with regulatory T cells (Tregs) and immune suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Bergva Aas
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0454 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Austbø
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0454 Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Falk
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, 0454 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivar Hordvik
- Department of Biology, High Technology Centre, University of Bergen, 5006 Bergen, Norway
| | - Erling Olaf Koppang
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0454 Oslo, Norway.
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29
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Wang J, Li F, Tian Z. Role of microbiota on lung homeostasis and diseases. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2017; 60:1407-1415. [PMID: 29019144 PMCID: PMC7089139 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-017-9151-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The lungs, as a place of gas exchange, are continuously exposed to environmental stimuli, such as allergens, microbes, and pollutants. The development of the culture-independent technique for microbiological analysis, such as 16S rRNA sequencing, has uncovered that the lungs are not sterile and, in fact, colonized by diverse communities of microbiota. The function of intestinal microbiota in modulating mucosal homeostasis and defense has been widely studied; however, the potential function of lung microbiota in regulating immunity and homeostasis has just begun. Increasing evidence indicates the relevance of microbiota to lung homeostasis and disease. In this review, we describe the distribution and composition of microbiota in the respiratory system and discuss the potential function of lung microbiota in both health and acute/chronic lung disease. In addition, we also discuss the recent understanding of the gut-lung axis, because several studies have revealed that the immunological interaction among the gut, the lung, and the microbiota was involved in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Institute of Immunology and the Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease (Chinese Academy of Sciences), School of Life Science and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China. .,Neuroimmunology and MS Research, Neurology Clinic, University Hospital Zurich, University Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland.
| | - Fengqi Li
- Institute of Immunology and the Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease (Chinese Academy of Sciences), School of Life Science and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Zhigang Tian
- Institute of Immunology and the Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease (Chinese Academy of Sciences), School of Life Science and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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30
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Ding Y, Chen L, Wu W, Yang J, Yang Z, Liu S. Andrographolide inhibits influenza A virus-induced inflammation in a murine model through NF-κB and JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Microbes Infect 2017; 19:605-615. [PMID: 28889969 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Influenza viruses, the main cause of respiratory tract diseases, cause high morbidity and mortality in humans. Excessive inflammation in the lungs is proposed to be a hallmark for the severe influenza virus infection, especially influenza A virus infection. Strategies against inflammation induced by influenza A virus infection could be a potential anti-influenza therapy. Here, lethal dose of mouse-adapted H1N1 strain PR8A/PR/8/34 was inoculated C57BL/6 mice to detect the anti-influenza activity of andrographolide, the active component of traditional Chinese medicinal herb Andrographis paniculata, with or without influenza virus entry inhibitor CL-385319. Treatment was initiated on 4 days after infection. The survival rate, body weight, lung pathology, viral loads, cytokine expression were monitored in 14 days post inoculation. The combination group had the highest survival rate. Andrographolide treatment could increase the survival rate, diminish lung pathology, decrease the virus loads and the inflammatory cytokines expression induced by infection. Mechanism studies showed the NF-κB and JAK-STAT signaling pathway were involved in the activity of andrographolide. In conclusion, combination of virus entry inhibitor with immunomodulator might be a promising therapeutic approach for influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lizhu Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjiao Wu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Centre of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuwen Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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31
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Zhou J, Guo X, Fang D, Yu Y, Si L, Wang Y, Zeng G, Yan H, Wu J, Ke C, Jiang L. Avian Influenza A (H7N9) viruses isolated from patients with mild and fatal infection differ in pathogenicity and induction of cytokines. Microb Pathog 2017; 111:402-409. [PMID: 28826765 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Since 2013, a novel Influenza A (H7N9) virus strain has continued to circulate within poultry and causing human disease. Influenza A (H7N9) virus results in two types of infection: mild and severe. The different results of clinical findings may be related with host susceptibility and characteristics of the virus itself. In order to investigate potential pathogenesis of Influenza A (H7N9) virus, we performed pathogenecity and cytokines analysis of two isolates, A/Guangdong/6/2013 H7N9 virus (GD-6) from a patient with a mild infection, and A/Guangdong/7/2013 H7N9 virus (GD-7) from a patient with a fatal infection. We found that GD-7 replicated to higher levels than GD-6 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), lung tissues, and mice. Furthermore, GD-7 infection resulted in more severe lung damage in mice lung tissues than GD-6 infection. GD-7 elicited higher levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) than GD-6 did. In conclusion, GD-7 was more pathogenic and induced higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines than GD-6 did.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmei Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Tropic Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Xiaolan Guo
- Key Laboratory for Tropic Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Teaching Center of Biology Experiment, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Danyun Fang
- Key Laboratory for Tropic Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yufeng Yu
- Key Laboratory for Tropic Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Lulu Si
- Key Laboratory for Tropic Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory for Tropic Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Gucheng Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Tropic Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Huijun Yan
- Key Laboratory for Tropic Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Microbiology Laboratory, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Changwen Ke
- Microbiology Laboratory, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 511430, China.
| | - Lifang Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Tropic Diseases Control of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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32
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Roquilly A, Trottein F. [Influenza and secondary bacterial infections: threats and treatments]. Med Sci (Paris) 2017; 33:528-533. [PMID: 28612729 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20173305017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus infection ("flu") constitutes an important public health issue and is associated with a significant socio-economic burden. The discovery of new antivirals and a better understanding of antiviral immunity might offer new options for preventing or controlling flu infections. A better understanding of the underlying pathomechanism might also prompt the discovery of key molecules whose activity could be modulated in a clinical setting. Lastly, the development of new immunomodulators and immunostimulants might compensate for impaired host defense mechanisms and improve resistance to secondary bacterial infections, since the latter significantly worsen the clinical status of influenza-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Roquilly
- Thérapeutiques anti-infectieuses, EA3826, Université de Nantes, rue Gaston Veil, F44100 Nantes, France
| | - François Trottein
- Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, CHU de Lille, Université de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1, rue du Professeur Calmette, F-59000 Lille, France
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33
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Influenza A virus-induced release of interleukin-10 inhibits the anti-microbial activities of invariant natural killer T cells during invasive pneumococcal superinfection. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:460-469. [PMID: 27220813 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
During influenza A virus (IAV) infection, changes in the lung's physical and immunological defenses predispose the host to bacterial superinfections. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are innate-like T lymphocytes that have beneficial or harmful functions during infection. We investigated the iNKT cells' role in a model of invasive pneumococcal superinfection. The use of Jα18-/- mice indicated that iNKT cells limited susceptibility to influenza-pneumococcal infection and reduced the lethal synergism. This role did not depend on immune-based anti-bacterial mechanisms. At the time of bacterial exposure, iNKT cells from IAV-experienced mice failed to produce antipneumococcal interferon-γ and adoptive transfer of fresh iNKT cells before Streptococcus pneumoniae challenge did not restore anti-bacterial host defenses. Impaired iNKT cell activation in superinfected animals was related to the IAV-induced immunosuppressive cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10), rather than to an intrinsic functional defect. IL-10 dampened the activation of iNKT cells in response to pneumococci by inhibiting the production of IL-12 by pulmonary monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Neutralization of IL-10 restored iNKT cell activation and tends to increase resistance to secondary bacterial infection. Overall, iNKT cells have a beneficial role (upstream of bacterial colonization) in controlling influenza-pneumococcal superinfection, although they represent novel targets of immunosuppression at the time of bacterial challenge.
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34
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Hussell T, Grabiec AM. Immunopathology of lung diseases: introduction for the special issue. Semin Immunopathol 2016; 38:407-8. [PMID: 27193138 PMCID: PMC7079975 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-016-0572-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Hussell
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Core Technology Facility, The University of Manchester, 46 Grafton Street, M13 9NT, Manchester, UK.
| | - Aleksander M Grabiec
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Core Technology Facility, The University of Manchester, 46 Grafton Street, M13 9NT, Manchester, UK
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35
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Parasite-Specific CD4+ IFN-γ+ IL-10+ T Cells Distribute within Both Lymphoid and Nonlymphoid Compartments and Are Controlled Systemically by Interleukin-27 and ICOS during Blood-Stage Malaria Infection. Infect Immun 2015; 84:34-46. [PMID: 26459508 PMCID: PMC4693994 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01100-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune-mediated pathology in interleukin-10 (IL-10)-deficient mice during blood-stage malaria infection typically manifests in nonlymphoid organs, such as the liver and lung. Thus, it is critical to define the cellular sources of IL-10 in these sensitive nonlymphoid compartments during infection. Moreover, it is important to determine if IL-10 production is controlled through conserved or disparate molecular programs in distinct anatomical locations during malaria infection, as this may enable spatiotemporal tuning of the regulatory immune response. In this study, using dual gamma interferon (IFN-γ)–yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) and IL-10–green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter mice, we show that CD4+ YFP+ T cells are the major source of IL-10 in both lymphoid and nonlymphoid compartments throughout the course of blood-stage Plasmodium yoelii infection. Mature splenic CD4+ YFP+ GFP+ T cells, which preferentially expressed high levels of CCR5, were capable of migrating to and seeding the nonlymphoid tissues, indicating that the systemically distributed host-protective cells have a common developmental history. Despite exhibiting comparable phenotypes, CD4+ YFP+ GFP+ T cells from the liver and lung produced significantly larger quantities of IL-10 than their splenic counterparts, showing that the CD4+ YFP+ GFP+ T cells exert graded functions in distinct tissue locations during infection. Unexpectedly, given the unique environmental conditions within discrete nonlymphoid and lymphoid organs, we show that IL-10 production by CD4+ YFP+ T cells is controlled systemically during malaria infection through IL-27 receptor signaling that is supported after CD4+ T cell priming by ICOS signaling. The results in this study substantially improve our understanding of the systemic IL-10 response to malaria infection, particularly within sensitive nonlymphoid organs.
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Abstract
The understanding of bone marrow stem cell plasticity and contribution of bone marrow stem cells to pathophysiology is evolving with the advent of innovative technologies. Recent data has led to new mechanistic insights in the field of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) research, and an increased appreciation for the plasticity of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC). In this review, we discuss current research examining the origin of pulmonary cell types from endogenous lung stem and progenitor cells as well as bone marrow-derived stem cells (MSCs and HSCs) and their contributions to lung homeostasis and pathology. We specifically highlight recent findings from our laboratory that demonstrate an HSC origin for pulmonary fibroblasts based on transplantation of a clonal population of cells derived from a single HSC. These findings demonstrate the importance of developing an understanding of the sources of effector cells in disease state. Finally, a perspective is given on the potential clinical implications of these studies and others addressing stem cell contributions to lung tissue homeostasis and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay T McDonald
- Research Services, Ralph H Johnson VAMC, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Amanda C LaRue
- Research Services, Ralph H Johnson VAMC, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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37
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Cheah EY, Mann TS, Burcham PC, Henry PJ. Influenza A infection attenuates relaxation responses of mouse tracheal smooth muscle evoked by acrolein. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 93:519-26. [PMID: 25557294 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The airway epithelium is an important source of relaxant mediators, and damage to the epithelium caused by respiratory tract viruses may contribute to airway hyperreactivity. The aim of this study was to determine whether influenza A-induced epithelial damage would modulate relaxation responses evoked by acrolein, a toxic and prevalent component of smoke. Male BALB/c mice were inoculated intranasally with influenza A/PR-8/34 (VIRUS-infected) or allantoic fluid (SHAM-infected). On day 4 post-inoculation, isometric tension recording studies were conducted on carbachol pre-contracted tracheal segments isolated from VIRUS and SHAM mice. Relaxant responses to acrolein (30 μM) were markedly smaller in VIRUS segments compared to SHAM segments (2 ± 1% relaxation vs. 28 ± 5%, n=14, p<0.01). Similarly, relaxation responses of VIRUS segments to the neuropeptide substance P (SP) were greatly attenuated (1 ± 1% vs. 47 ± 6% evoked by 1 nM SP, n=14, p<0.001). Consistent with epithelial damage, PGE2 release in response to both acrolein and SP were reduced in VIRUS segments (>35% reduction, n=6, p<0.01), as determined using ELISA. In contrast, exogenous PGE2 was 2.8-fold more potent in VIRUS relative to SHAM segments (-log EC50 7.82 ± 0.14 vs. 7.38 ± 0.05, n=7, p<0.01) whilst responses of VIRUS segments to the β-adrenoceptor agonist isoprenaline were similar to SHAM segments. In conclusion, relaxation responses evoked by acrolein were profoundly diminished in tracheal segments isolated from influenza A-infected mice. The mechanism through which influenza A infection attenuates this response appears to involve reduced production of PGE2 in response to SP due to epithelial cell loss, and may provide insight into the airway hyperreactivity observed with influenza A infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Y Cheah
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Tracy S Mann
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Philip C Burcham
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Peter J Henry
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
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38
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Ivanov S, Paget C, Trottein F. Role of non-conventional T lymphocytes in respiratory infections: the case of the pneumococcus. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004300. [PMID: 25299581 PMCID: PMC4192596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-conventional T lymphocytes constitute a special arm of the immune system and act as sentinels against pathogens at mucosal surfaces. These non-conventional T cells (including mucosal-associated invariant T [MAIT] cells, gamma delta [γδ] T cells, and natural killer T [NKT] cells) display several innate cell-like features and are rapidly activated by the recognition of conserved, stress-induced, self, and microbial ligands. Here, we review the role of non-conventional T cells during respiratory infections, with a particular focus on the encapsulated extracellular pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae, the leading cause of bacterial pneumonia worldwide. We consider whether MAIT cells, γδ T cells, and NKT cells might offer opportunities for preventing and/or treating human pneumococcus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stoyan Ivanov
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1019, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Christophe Paget
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1019, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - François Trottein
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1019, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
ABSTRACT: The importance of macrophages in the control of infections has long been documented, but macrophages have also been shown to contribute to severe influenza A virus infections. Macrophage function ranges from highly proinflammatory to wound healing and regulatory and a picture of diverse subsets with considerable plasticity in function and phenotype is emerging. Within the lung three subsets of macrophage populations have been identified: resident alveolar macrophages, interstitial macrophages and exudate-derived macrophages. Here we review model systems and techniques for defining macrophage function in vivo and discuss macrophage infection in vitro. The use of detailed phenotypic approaches and techniques to dissect the role of individual macrophage subsets in vivo promises rapid advances in this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlynne Q Nicol
- The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Bernadette M Dutia
- The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
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40
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Aas IB, Austbø L, König M, Syed M, Falk K, Hordvik I, Koppang EO. Transcriptional characterization of the T cell population within the salmonid interbranchial lymphoid tissue. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:3463-9. [PMID: 25172486 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Previously, our group has shown that the interbranchial lymphoid tissue (ILT) is a distinct structure largely consisting of T cells embedded in a meshwork of epithelial cells, with no direct resemblance to previously described lymphoid tissues. In this study, we aim to focus on the T cell population and the possibility of the ILT being a thymus analog. By characterizing structural responsiveness to Ag challenge, the presence of recombination activating genes, and different T cell-related transcripts, we attempt to further approach the immunological function of the ILT in salmonid gills. In addition to eight healthy individuals, a group of eight infectious salmon anemia virus-challenged fish were included to observe T cell responses related to infection. The results showed reduced size of ILT in the infected group, no expression of RAG-1 and -2, and a high degree of T cell diversity within the ILT. Taking into account that the ILT can be regarded as a strategically located T cell reservoir and possibly an evolutionary forerunner of mammalian MALTs right at the border to the external environment, the alteration in transcription observed may likely represent a shift in the T cell population to optimize local gill defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Bergva Aas
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0454 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Austbø
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0454 Oslo, Norway
| | - Melanie König
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0454 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mohasina Syed
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0454 Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Falk
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, 0454 Oslo, Norway; and
| | - Ivar Hordvik
- Department of Biology, High Technology Centre, University of Bergen, 5006 Bergen, Norway
| | - Erling O Koppang
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0454 Oslo, Norway
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41
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Austbø L, Aas IB, König M, Weli SC, Syed M, Falk K, Koppang EO. Transcriptional response of immune genes in gills and the interbranchial lymphoid tissue of Atlantic salmon challenged with infectious salmon anaemia virus. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 45:107-114. [PMID: 24561102 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Previously, it has been assumed that fish lack organized mucosa-associated lymphoid structures. Recently, an interbranchial lymphoid tissue (ILT) was described in salmonid gills at a site with substantial exposure to antigen. In this study, immune responses were examined in gills, mid-kidney and the laser-dissected ILT of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) infected with infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV). A strong innate response was observed in gills and mid-kidney and even in the laser-dissected ILT, despite the fact that no virus could be traced in this tissue. A small delayed increase in IgT transcripts, exclusively in the ILT, could indicate that this tissue has a role as a secondary lymphoid organ with clonal expansion of IgT expressing B-cells. Compared to the other examined tissues, gills displayed the earliest replication of the virus, further supporting this tissue as the main entry route for infection with ISAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Austbø
- Department of Basic Science and Aquatic Medicine, The Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Ullevålsveien 72, P.O. Box 8146 Dep, 0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida Bergva Aas
- Department of Basic Science and Aquatic Medicine, The Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Ullevålsveien 72, P.O. Box 8146 Dep, 0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - Melanie König
- Department of Basic Science and Aquatic Medicine, The Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Ullevålsveien 72, P.O. Box 8146 Dep, 0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - Simon Chioma Weli
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ullevålsveien 68, P.O. Box 750 Sentrum, 0106 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mohasina Syed
- Department of Basic Science and Aquatic Medicine, The Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Ullevålsveien 72, P.O. Box 8146 Dep, 0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Falk
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ullevålsveien 68, P.O. Box 750 Sentrum, 0106 Oslo, Norway
| | - Erling Olaf Koppang
- Department of Basic Science and Aquatic Medicine, The Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Ullevålsveien 72, P.O. Box 8146 Dep, 0033 Oslo, Norway.
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Vogel AJ, Harris S, Marsteller N, Condon SA, Brown DM. Early cytokine dysregulation and viral replication are associated with mortality during lethal influenza infection. Viral Immunol 2014; 27:214-24. [PMID: 24787235 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2013.0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with influenza A virus (IAV) leads to acute lung injury and possibly fatal complications, especially in immunocompromised, elderly, or chronically infected individuals. Therefore, it is important to study the factors that lead to pathology and mortality in infected hosts. In this report, we analyze immune responses to infection at a sublethal (0.1 LD(50)) and lethal (1 LD(50)) dose of the highly pathogenic IAV A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (PR8). Our experiments revealed that infection with a 1 LD(50) dose induced peak viral titers at day 2 compared to day 4 in the 0.1 LD(50) dose. Moreover, early cytokine dysregulation was observed in the lethal dose with significantly elevated levels of IFN-α, TNF-α, CXCL9, IL-6, and MCP-1 produced at day 2. Early inflammatory responses following infection with 1 LD(50) correlated with a greater influx of neutrophils into the lung. However, depletion of neutrophils enhanced morbidity following IAV infection. Though no differences in CD8+ cell function were observed, CD4+ effector responses were impaired in the lungs 8 days after infection with 1 LD(50). Histological analysis revealed significant pathology in lethally infected mice at day 2 and day 6 postinfection, when viral titers remained high. Treating lethally infected mice with oseltamivir inhibited viral titers to sublethal levels, and abrogated the pathology associated with the lethal dose. Together, these results suggest that early cytokine dysregulation and viral replication play a role in pulmonary damage and high mortality in lethally infected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Vogel
- 1 School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, Nebraska
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Rinaldi C, Penhale WJ, Stumbles PA, Tay G, Berry CM. Modulation of innate immune responses by influenza-specific ovine polyclonal antibodies used for prophylaxis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89674. [PMID: 24586955 PMCID: PMC3938480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the event of a novel influenza A virus pandemic, prophylaxis mediated by antibodies provides an adjunct control option to vaccines and antivirals. This strategy is particularly pertinent to unvaccinated populations at risk during the lag time to produce and distribute an effective vaccine. Therefore, development of effective prophylactic therapies is of high importance. Although previous approaches have used systemic delivery of monoclonal antibodies or convalescent sera, available supply is a serious limitation. Here, we have investigated intranasal delivery of influenza-specific ovine polyclonal IgG antibodies for their efficacy against homologous influenza virus challenge in a mouse model. Both influenza-specific IgG and F(ab')2 reduced clinical scores, body weight loss and lung viral loads in mice treated 1 hour before virus exposure. Full protection from disease was also observed when antibody was delivered up to 3 days prior to virus infection. Furthermore, effective prophylaxis was independent of a strong innate immune response. This strategy presents a further option for prophylactic intervention against influenza A virus using ruminants to generate a bulk supply that could potentially be used in a pandemic setting, to slow virus transmission and reduce morbidity associated with a high cytokine phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Rinaldi
- Centre for Forensic Science, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - William J. Penhale
- Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Philip A. Stumbles
- Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Guan Tay
- Centre for Forensic Science, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Cassandra M. Berry
- Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Tang DCC, Nguyen HH. The Yin-Yang arms of vaccines: disease-fighting power versus tissue-destructive inflammation. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 13:417-27. [PMID: 24502690 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2014.882775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The disease-fighting power of vaccines has defeated many pathogens and has been credited with global reduction of mortality and morbidity. However, most vaccine developments focus on the enhancement of effector responses with systemic inflammation and the consequences overlooked. Recent evidence shows that systemic inflammatory phenotypes, acute or chronic, are both detrimental and should be avoided if possible. Since noninvasive vaccination by painless delivery of nasal vaccines and skin patch vaccines could elicit potent protective immunity without inducing systemic inflammation, it can be predicted that vaccinology will increasingly see the abandonment of the 'needle-injection' paradigm for vaccine development. The findings that specific viral particles could rapidly remodel the tissue environment postinfection in favor of some pathogens with the capacity to suppress others illustrate the pressing need for a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms in order to unlock the full potential of immunological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Chu Christopher Tang
- International Vaccine Institute, SNU Research Park , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742 , Korea
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45
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46
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Macdonald DC, Singh H, Whelan MA, Escors D, Arce F, Bottoms SE, Barclay WS, Maini M, Collins MK, Rosenberg WMC. Harnessing alveolar macrophages for sustained mucosal T-cell recall confers long-term protection to mice against lethal influenza challenge without clinical disease. Mucosal Immunol 2014; 7:89-100. [PMID: 23715172 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2013.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines that induce T cells, which recognize conserved viral proteins, could confer universal protection against seasonal and pandemic influenza strains. An effective vaccine should generate sufficient mucosal T cells to ensure rapid viral control before clinical disease. However, T cells may also cause lung injury in influenza, so this approach carries inherent risks. Here we describe intranasal immunization of mice with a lentiviral vector expressing influenza nucleoprotein (NP), together with an NFκB activator, which transduces over 75% of alveolar macrophages (AM). This strategy recalls and expands NP-specific CD8+ T cells in the lung and airway of mice that have been immunized subcutaneously, or previously exposed to influenza. Granzyme B-high, lung-resident T-cell populations persist for at least 4 months and can control a lethal influenza challenge without harmful cytokine responses, weight loss, or lung injury. These data demonstrate that AM can be harnessed as effective antigen-presenting cells for influenza vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Macdonald
- Division of Infection and Immunity and MRC Centre for Medical Molecular Virology, University College London, London, UK
| | - H Singh
- Division of Infection and Immunity and MRC Centre for Medical Molecular Virology, University College London, London, UK
| | - M A Whelan
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - D Escors
- Division of Infection and Immunity and MRC Centre for Medical Molecular Virology, University College London, London, UK
| | - F Arce
- Division of Infection and Immunity and MRC Centre for Medical Molecular Virology, University College London, London, UK
| | - S E Bottoms
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - W S Barclay
- Division of Virology, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, UK
| | - M Maini
- Division of Infection and Immunity and MRC Centre for Medical Molecular Virology, University College London, London, UK
| | - M K Collins
- Division of Infection and Immunity and MRC Centre for Medical Molecular Virology, University College London, London, UK
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Zhao X, Dai J, Xiao X, Wu L, Zeng J, Sheng J, Su J, Chen X, Wang G, Li K. PI3K/Akt signaling pathway modulates influenza virus induced mouse alveolar macrophage polarization to M1/M2b. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104506. [PMID: 25105760 PMCID: PMC4126709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages polarized to M1 (pro-inflammation) or M2 (anti-inflammation) phenotypes in response to environmental signals. In this study, we examined the polarization of alveolar macrophage (AM), following induction by different influenza virus strains (ST169 (H1N1), ST602 (H3N2) and HKG9 (H9N2)). Macrophages from other tissues or cell line exert alternative responding pattern, and AM is necessary for investigating the respiratory system. AM polarized toward the M1 phenotype after 4 hours of infection by all three virus strains, and AM to presented M2b phenotype after 8 hours induction, and immunosuppressive phenotype after 24 hours of induction. Protein expression assay showed similar results as the gene expression analysis for phenotype verification. The ELISA assay showed that TNF-α secretion was up-regulated after 4 and 8 hours of infection by influenza viruses, and it returned to basal levels after 24 hours of infection. IL-10 expression was elevated after 8 and 24 hours of infection. Immunofluorescence showed that iNOS expression was up-regulated but not Arg1 expression. Influenza virus notably increased phospho-Akt but not phospho-Erk1/2 or phospho-p38, and the AM polarization pattern have been changed by LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor). In conclusion, our results demonstrate the dynamic polarization of AM induced by influenza viruses, and suggested that PI3K/Akt signaling pathway modulates AM polarization to M1/M2b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianping Dai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuejun Xiao
- Department of Nursing, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Liqi Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Zeng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiangtao Sheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinghua Su
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Gefei Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (KsL); (GfW)
| | - Kangsheng Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (KsL); (GfW)
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Metzger DW, Sun K. Immune dysfunction and bacterial coinfections following influenza. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:2047-52. [PMID: 23964104 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Secondary pulmonary infections by encapsulated bacteria including Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus following influenza represent a common and challenging clinical problem. The reasons for this polymicrobial synergy are still not completely understood, hampering development of effective prophylactic and therapeutic interventions. Although it has been commonly thought that viral-induced epithelial cell damage allows bacterial invasiveness, recent studies by several groups have now implicated dysfunctional innate immune defenses following influenza as the primary culprit for enhanced susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections. Understanding the immunological imbalances that are responsible for virus/bacteria synergy will ultimately allow the design of effective, broad-spectrum therapeutic approaches for prevention of enhanced susceptibility to these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis W Metzger
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
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Dimitrakopoulou K, Vrahatis AG, Wilk E, Tsakalidis AK, Bezerianos A. OLYMPUS: an automated hybrid clustering method in time series gene expression. Case study: host response after Influenza A (H1N1) infection. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2013; 111:650-661. [PMID: 23796450 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2013.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The increasing flow of short time series microarray experiments for the study of dynamic cellular processes poses the need for efficient clustering tools. These tools must deal with three primary issues: first, to consider the multi-functionality of genes; second, to evaluate the similarity of the relative change of amplitude in the time domain rather than the absolute values; third, to cope with the constraints of conventional clustering algorithms such as the assignment of the appropriate cluster number. To address these, we propose OLYMPUS, a novel unsupervised clustering algorithm that integrates Differential Evolution (DE) method into Fuzzy Short Time Series (FSTS) algorithm with the scope to utilize efficiently the information of population of the first and enhance the performance of the latter. Our hybrid approach provides sets of genes that enable the deciphering of distinct phases in dynamic cellular processes. We proved the efficiency of OLYMPUS on synthetic as well as on experimental data. The discriminative power of OLYMPUS provided clusters, which refined the so far perspective of the dynamics of host response mechanisms to Influenza A (H1N1). Our kinetic model sets a timeline for several pathways and cell populations, implicated to participate in host response; yet no timeline was assigned to them (e.g. cell cycle, homeostasis). Regarding the activity of B cells, our approach revealed that some antibody-related mechanisms remain activated until day 60 post infection. The Matlab codes for implementing OLYMPUS, as well as example datasets, are freely accessible via the Web (http://biosignal.med.upatras.gr/wordpress/biosignal/).
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50
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Yoo JK, Kim TS, Hufford MM, Braciale TJ. Viral infection of the lung: host response and sequelae. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 132:1263-76; quiz 1277. [PMID: 23915713 PMCID: PMC3844062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Because of its essential role in gas exchange and oxygen delivery, the lung has evolved a variety of strategies to control inflammation and maintain homeostasis. Invasion of the lung by pathogens (and in some instances exposure to certain noninfectious particulates) disrupts this equilibrium and triggers a cascade of events aimed at preventing or limiting colonization (and more importantly infection) by pathogenic microorganisms. In this review we focus on viral infection of the lung and summarize recent advances in our understanding of the triggering of innate and adaptive immune responses to viral respiratory tract infection, mechanisms of viral clearance, and the well-recognized consequences of acute viral infection complicating underlying lung diseases, such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Kwang Yoo
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Taeg S. Kim
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Matthew M. Hufford
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Thomas J. Braciale
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va
- Corresponding author: Thomas J. Braciale, MD, PhD, Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908.
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