1
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Cleary SJ, Qiu L, Seo Y, Baluk P, Liu D, Serwas NK, Cyster JG, McDonald DM, Krummel MF, Looney MR. Intravital imaging of pulmonary lymphatics in inflammation and metastatic cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.12.612619. [PMID: 39345499 PMCID: PMC11430110 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.12.612619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Intravital microscopy has enabled the study of immune dynamics in the pulmonary microvasculature, but many key events remain unseen because they occur in deeper lung regions. We therefore developed a technique for stabilized intravital imaging of bronchovascular cuffs and collecting lymphatics surrounding pulmonary veins in mice. Intravital imaging of pulmonary lymphatics revealed ventilation-dependence of steady-state lung lymph flow and ventilation-independent lymph flow during inflammation. We imaged the rapid exodus of migratory dendritic cells through lung lymphatics following inflammation and measured effects of pharmacologic and genetic interventions targeting chemokine signaling. Intravital imaging also captured lymphatic immune surveillance of lung-metastatic cancers and lymphatic metastasis of cancer cells. To our knowledge, this is the first imaging of lymph flow and leukocyte migration through intact pulmonary lymphatics. This approach will enable studies of protective and maladaptive processes unfolding within the lungs and in other previously inaccessible locations. Graphical abstract
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2
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Gao Y, Li J, Cheng W, Diao T, Liu H, Bo Y, Liu C, Zhou W, Chen M, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Han W, Chen R, Peng J, Zhu L, Hou W, Zhang Z. Cross-tissue human fibroblast atlas reveals myofibroblast subtypes with distinct roles in immune modulation. Cancer Cell 2024:S1535-6108(24)00319-2. [PMID: 39303725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2024.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Fibroblasts, known for their functional diversity, play crucial roles in inflammation and cancer. In this study, we conduct comprehensive single-cell RNA sequencing analyses on fibroblast cells from 517 human samples, spanning 11 tissue types and diverse pathological states. We identify distinct fibroblast subpopulations with universal and tissue-specific characteristics. Pathological conditions lead to significant shifts in fibroblast compositions, including the expansion of immune-modulating fibroblasts during inflammation and tissue-remodeling myofibroblasts in cancer. Within the myofibroblast category, we identify four transcriptionally distinct subpopulations originating from different developmental origins, with LRRC15+ myofibroblasts displaying terminally differentiated features. Both LRRC15+ and MMP1+ myofibroblasts demonstrate pro-tumor potential that contribute to the immune-excluded and immune-suppressive tumor microenvironments (TMEs), whereas PI16+ fibroblasts show potential anti-tumor functions in adjacent non-cancerous regions. Fibroblast-subtype compositions define patient subtypes with distinct clinical outcomes. This study advances our understanding of fibroblast biology and suggests potential therapeutic strategies for targeting specific fibroblast subsets in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
| | - Jianan Li
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Wenfeng Cheng
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tian Diao
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Huilan Liu
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yufei Bo
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
| | - Minmin Chen
- Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Weidong Han
- Department of Bio-therapeutic, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Rufu Chen
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Jirun Peng
- Department of Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China; Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Linnan Zhu
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenhong Hou
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523710, China.
| | - Zemin Zhang
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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3
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Chen JH, Elmelech L, Tang AL, Hacohen N. Powerful microscopy technologies decode spatially organized cellular networks that drive response to immunotherapy in humans. Curr Opin Immunol 2024; 91:102463. [PMID: 39277910 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2024.102463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
In tumors, immune cells organize into networks of different sizes and composition, including complex tertiary lymphoid structures and recently identified networks centered around the chemokines CXCL9/10/11 and CCL19. New commercially available highly multiplexed microscopy using cyclical RNA in situ hybridization and antibody-based approaches have the potential to establish the organization of the immune response in human tissue and serve as a foundation for future immunology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H Chen
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Chicago, IL, USA; Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Center for Human Immunobiology, Chicago, IL, USA; Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology, MGH, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Liad Elmelech
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology, MGH, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alexander L Tang
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nir Hacohen
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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4
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Gogoi M, Clark PA, Ferreira ACF, Rodriguez Rodriguez N, Heycock M, Ko M, Murphy JE, Chen V, Luan SL, Jolin HE, McKenzie ANJ. ILC2-derived LIF licences progress from tissue to systemic immunity. Nature 2024; 632:885-892. [PMID: 39112698 PMCID: PMC11338826 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07746-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Migration and homing of immune cells are critical for immune surveillance. Trafficking is mediated by combinations of adhesion and chemokine receptors that guide immune cells, in response to chemokine signals, to specific locations within tissues and the lymphatic system to support tissue-localized immune reactions and systemic immunity1,2. Here we show that disruption of leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) production from group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) prevents immune cells leaving the lungs to migrate to the lymph nodes (LNs). In the absence of LIF, viral infection leads to plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) becoming retained in the lungs where they improve tissue-localized, antiviral immunity, whereas chronic pulmonary allergen challenge leads to marked immune cell accumulation and the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures in the lung. In both cases immune cells fail to migrate to the lymphatics, leading to highly compromised LN reactions. Mechanistically, ILC2-derived LIF induces the production of the chemokine CCL21 from lymphatic endothelial cells lining the pulmonary lymphatic vessels, thus licensing the homing of CCR7+ immune cells (including dendritic cells) to LNs. Consequently, ILC2-derived LIF dictates the egress of immune cells from the lungs to regulate tissue-localized versus systemic immunity and the balance between allergen and viral responsiveness in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuri Gogoi
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | - Michelle Ko
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Victor Chen
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shi-Lu Luan
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
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5
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Pascual-Reguant A, Kroh S, Hauser AE. Tissue niches and immunopathology through the lens of spatial tissue profiling techniques. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350484. [PMID: 37985207 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Spatial organization plays a fundamental role in biology, influencing the function of biological structures at various levels. The immune system, in particular, relies on the orchestrated interactions of immune cells with their microenvironment to mount protective or pathogenic immune responses. The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the significance of studying immunity within target organs to understand disease progression and severity. To achieve this, multiplex histology and spatial transcriptomics have proven indispensable in providing a spatial context to protein and gene expression patterns. By combining these techniques, researchers gain a more comprehensive understanding of the complex interactions at the cellular and molecular level in distinct tissue niches, key functional units modulating health and disease. In this review, we discuss recent advances in spatial tissue profiling techniques, highlighting their advantages over traditional histopathology studies. The insights gained from these approaches have the potential to revolutionize the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases including cancer, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases. However, we also acknowledge their challenges and limitations. Despite these, spatial tissue profiling offers promising opportunities to improve our understanding of how tissue niches direct regional immunity, and their relevance in tissue immunopathology, as a basis for novel therapeutic strategies and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pascual-Reguant
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Immune Dynamics, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Spatial Genomics, Centre Nacional d'Anàlisi Genòmica, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Sandy Kroh
- Immune Dynamics, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja E Hauser
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Immune Dynamics, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
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6
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Harker JA, Lloyd CM. T helper 2 cells in asthma. J Exp Med 2023; 220:214104. [PMID: 37163370 PMCID: PMC10174188 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is among the most common immune-mediated diseases across the world, and type 2 immune responses are thought to be central to pathogenesis. The importance of T helper 2 (Th2) cells as central regulators of type 2 responses in asthma has, however, become less clear with the discovery of other potent innate sources of type 2 cytokines and innate mediators of inflammation such as the alarmins. This review provides an update of our current understanding of Th2 cells in human asthma, highlighting their many guises and functions in asthma, both pathogenic and regulatory, and how these are influenced by the tissue location and disease stage and severity. It also explores how biologics targeting type 2 immune pathways are impacting asthma, and how these have the potential to reveal hitherto underappreciated roles for Th2 cell in lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Harker
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London , London, UK
| | - Clare M Lloyd
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London , London, UK
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7
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Delcroix V, Mauduit O, Lee HS, Ivanova A, Umazume T, Knox SM, de Paiva CS, Dartt DA, Makarenkova HP. The First Transcriptomic Atlas of the Adult Lacrimal Gland Reveals Epithelial Complexity and Identifies Novel Progenitor Cells in Mice. Cells 2023; 12:1435. [PMID: 37408269 PMCID: PMC10216974 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The lacrimal gland (LG) secretes aqueous tears. Previous studies have provided insights into the cell lineage relationships during tissue morphogenesis. However, little is known about the cell types composing the adult LG and their progenitors. Using scRNAseq, we established the first comprehensive cell atlas of the adult mouse LG to investigate the cell hierarchy, its secretory repertoire, and the sex differences. Our analysis uncovered the complexity of the stromal landscape. Epithelium subclustering revealed myoepithelial cells, acinar subsets, and two novel acinar subpopulations: Tfrchi and Car6hi cells. The ductal compartment contained Wfdc2+ multilayered ducts and an Ltf+ cluster formed by luminal and intercalated duct cells. Kit+ progenitors were identified as: Krt14+ basal ductal cells, Aldh1a1+ cells of Ltf+ ducts, and Sox10+ cells of the Car6hi acinar and Ltf+ epithelial clusters. Lineage tracing experiments revealed that the Sox10+ adult populations contribute to the myoepithelial, acinar, and ductal lineages. Using scRNAseq data, we found that the postnatally developing LG epithelium harbored key features of putative adult progenitors. Finally, we showed that acinar cells produce most of the sex-biased lipocalins and secretoglobins detected in mouse tears. Our study provides a wealth of new data on LG maintenance and identifies the cellular origin of sex-biased tear components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Delcroix
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (V.D.); (H.S.L.); (A.I.); (T.U.)
| | - Olivier Mauduit
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (V.D.); (H.S.L.); (A.I.); (T.U.)
| | - Hyun Soo Lee
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (V.D.); (H.S.L.); (A.I.); (T.U.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Anastasiia Ivanova
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (V.D.); (H.S.L.); (A.I.); (T.U.)
| | - Takeshi Umazume
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (V.D.); (H.S.L.); (A.I.); (T.U.)
| | - Sarah M. Knox
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Cintia S. de Paiva
- The Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Darlene A. Dartt
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Helen P. Makarenkova
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (V.D.); (H.S.L.); (A.I.); (T.U.)
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8
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Sbierski-Kind J, Cautivo KM, Wagner JC, Dahlgren MW, Nilsson J, Krasilnikov M, Mroz NM, Lizama CO, Gan AL, Matatia PR, Taruselli MT, Chang AA, Caryotakis S, O'Leary CE, Kotas M, Mattis AN, Peng T, Locksley RM, Molofsky AB. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells constrain type 3/17 lymphocytes in shared stromal niches to restrict liver fibrosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.26.537913. [PMID: 37163060 PMCID: PMC10168323 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.26.537913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) cooperate with adaptive Th2 cells as key organizers of tissue type 2 immune responses, while a spectrum of innate and adaptive lymphocytes coordinate early type 3/17 immunity. Both type 2 and type 3/17 lymphocyte associated cytokines are linked to tissue fibrosis, but how their dynamic and spatial topographies may direct beneficial or pathologic organ remodelling is unclear. Here we used volumetric imaging in models of liver fibrosis, finding accumulation of periportal and fibrotic tract IL-5 + lymphocytes, predominantly ILC2s, in close proximity to expanded type 3/17 lymphocytes and IL-33 high niche fibroblasts. Ablation of IL-5 + lymphocytes worsened carbon tetrachloride-and bile duct ligation-induced liver fibrosis with increased niche IL-17A + type 3/17 lymphocytes, predominantly γδ T cells. In contrast, concurrent ablation of IL-5 + and IL-17A + lymphocytes reduced this progressive liver fibrosis, suggesting a cross-regulation of type 2 and type 3 lymphocytes at specialized fibroblast niches that tunes hepatic fibrosis.
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9
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Sato Y, Silina K, van den Broek M, Hirahara K, Yanagita M. The roles of tertiary lymphoid structures in chronic diseases. Nat Rev Nephrol 2023:10.1038/s41581-023-00706-z. [PMID: 37046081 PMCID: PMC10092939 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00706-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are ectopic lymphoid tissues that drive antigen-specific immune responses at sites of chronic inflammation. Unlike secondary lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes, TLSs lack capsules and have their own unique characteristics and functions. The presumed influence of TLSs on the disease course has led to widespread interest in obtaining a better understanding of their biology and function. Studies using single-cell analyses have suggested heterogeneity in TLS composition and phenotype, and consequently, functional correlates with disease progression are sometimes conflicting. The presence of TLSs correlates with a favourable disease course in cancer and infection. Conversely, in autoimmune diseases and chronic age-related inflammatory diseases including chronic kidney disease, the presence of TLSs is associated with a more severe disease course. However, the detailed mechanisms that underlie these clinical associations are not fully understood. To what extent the mechanisms of TLS development and maturation are shared across organs and diseases is also still obscure. Improved understanding of TLS development and function at the cellular and molecular levels may enable the exploitation of these structures to improve therapies for chronic diseases, including chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Sato
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Karina Silina
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Kiyoshi Hirahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Synergy Institute for Futuristic Mucosal Vaccine Research and Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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10
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Moore PK, Anderson KC, McManus SA, Tu TH, King EM, Mould KJ, Redente EF, Henson PM, Janssen WJ, McCubbrey AL. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals unique monocyte-derived interstitial macrophage subsets during lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung inflammation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L536-L549. [PMID: 36852927 PMCID: PMC10069979 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00223.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Interstitial macrophages (IMs) reside in the lung tissue surrounding key structures including airways, vessels, and alveoli. Recent work has described IM heterogeneity during homeostasis, however, there are limited data on IMs during inflammation. We sought to characterize IM origin, subsets, and transcriptomic profiles during homeostasis and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced acute lung inflammation. During homeostasis, we used three complementary methods, spectral flow cytometry, single-cell RNA-sequencing, and gene regulatory network enrichment, to demonstrate that IMs can be divided into two core subsets distinguished by surface and transcriptional expression of folate receptor β (Folr2/FRβ). These subsets inhabited distinct niches within the lung interstitium. Within FRβ+ IMs we identified a subpopulation marked by coexpression of LYVE1. During acute LPS-induced inflammation, lung IM numbers expand. Lineage tracing revealed IM expansion was due to recruitment of monocyte-derived IMs. At the peak of inflammation, recruited IMs were comprised two unique subsets defined by expression of genes associated with interferon signaling and glycolytic pathways. As recruited IMs matured, they adopted the overall transcriptional state of FRβ- resident IMs but retained expression in several origin-specific genes, such as IL-1β. FRβ+ IMs were of near-pure resident origin. Taken together our data show that during LPS-induced inflammation, there are distinct populations of IMs that likely have unique functions. FRΒ+ IMs comprise a stable, resident population, whereas FRβ- ΙΜs represent a mixed population of resident and recruited IMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter K Moore
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - Kelsey C Anderson
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - Shannon A McManus
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - Ting-Hui Tu
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - Emily M King
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Kara J Mould
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - Elizabeth F Redente
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - Peter M Henson
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - William J Janssen
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - Alexandra L McCubbrey
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States
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11
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Wang C, Hyams B, Allen NC, Cautivo K, Monahan K, Zhou M, Dahlgren MW, Lizama CO, Matthay M, Wolters P, Molofsky AB, Peng T. Dysregulated lung stroma drives emphysema exacerbation by potentiating resident lymphocytes to suppress an epithelial stem cell reservoir. Immunity 2023; 56:576-591.e10. [PMID: 36822205 PMCID: PMC10578134 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant tissue-immune interactions are the hallmark of diverse chronic lung diseases. Here, we sought to define these interactions in emphysema, a progressive disease characterized by infectious exacerbations and loss of alveolar epithelium. Single-cell analysis of human emphysema lungs revealed the expansion of tissue-resident lymphocytes (TRLs). Murine studies identified a stromal niche for TRLs that expresses Hhip, a disease-variant gene downregulated in emphysema. Stromal-specific deletion of Hhip induced the topographic expansion of TRLs in the lung that was mediated by a hyperactive hedgehog-IL-7 axis. 3D immune-stem cell organoids and animal models of viral exacerbations demonstrated that expanded TRLs suppressed alveolar stem cell growth through interferon gamma (IFNγ). Finally, we uncovered an IFNγ-sensitive subset of human alveolar stem cells that was preferentially lost in emphysema. Thus, we delineate a stromal-lymphocyte-epithelial stem cell axis in the lung that is modified by a disease-variant gene and confers host susceptibility to emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China
| | - Ben Hyams
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Nancy C Allen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kelly Cautivo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Bakar ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kiara Monahan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Minqi Zhou
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Madelene W Dahlgren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Bakar ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Carlos O Lizama
- Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Michael Matthay
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Paul Wolters
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ari B Molofsky
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Bakar ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Tien Peng
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Bakar ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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12
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He P, Lim K, Sun D, Pett JP, Jeng Q, Polanski K, Dong Z, Bolt L, Richardson L, Mamanova L, Dabrowska M, Wilbrey-Clark A, Madissoon E, Tuong ZK, Dann E, Suo C, Goh I, Yoshida M, Nikolić MZ, Janes SM, He X, Barker RA, Teichmann SA, Marioni JC, Meyer KB, Rawlins EL. A human fetal lung cell atlas uncovers proximal-distal gradients of differentiation and key regulators of epithelial fates. Cell 2022; 185:4841-4860.e25. [PMID: 36493756 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We present a multiomic cell atlas of human lung development that combines single-cell RNA and ATAC sequencing, high-throughput spatial transcriptomics, and single-cell imaging. Coupling single-cell methods with spatial analysis has allowed a comprehensive cellular survey of the epithelial, mesenchymal, endothelial, and erythrocyte/leukocyte compartments from 5-22 post-conception weeks. We identify previously uncharacterized cell states in all compartments. These include developmental-specific secretory progenitors and a subtype of neuroendocrine cell related to human small cell lung cancer. Our datasets are available through our web interface (https://lungcellatlas.org). To illustrate its general utility, we use our cell atlas to generate predictions about cell-cell signaling and transcription factor hierarchies which we rigorously test using organoid models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng He
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kyungtae Lim
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Dawei Sun
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | | | - Quitz Jeng
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | | | - Ziqi Dong
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Liam Bolt
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | | | - Lira Mamanova
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | | | | | - Elo Madissoon
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zewen Kelvin Tuong
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK; Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emma Dann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Chenqu Suo
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK; Department of Paediatrics, Cambridge University Hospitals, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0 QQ, UK
| | - Isaac Goh
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Masahiro Yoshida
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marko Z Nikolić
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sam M Janes
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Xiaoling He
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Roger A Barker
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK; Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - John C Marioni
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Emma L Rawlins
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK.
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13
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Zhen-Gang L, Fan Y, Jingwei S, Pengyu C, Shengman Y, Bo-Yin Z. Revisiting the immune landscape post spinal cord injury: More than black and white. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:963539. [PMID: 36570540 PMCID: PMC9768195 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.963539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) induced catastrophic neurological disability is currently incurable, especially in elderly patients. Due to the limited axon regeneration capacity and hostile microenvironment in the lesion site, essential neural network reconstruction remains challenging. Owing to the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) created immune cells and cytokines isolation, the immune elements were incorrectly recognized as innocent bystanders during the SCI pathological process traditionally. Emerging evidence demonstrated that the central nervous system (CNS) is an "immunological quiescent" rather than "immune privileged" area, and the CNS-associated immune response played mixed roles which dedicate beneficial and detrimental contributions throughout the SCI process. Consequently, coordinating double-edged immunomodulation is vital to promote tissue repair and neurological recovery post-SCI. The comprehensive exploration and understanding of the immune landscape post-SCI are essential in establishing new avenues for further basic and clinical studies. In this context, this review summarizes the recent significant breakthroughs in key aspects of SCI-related immunomodulation, including innate and adaptive immune response, immune organ changes, and holistic immune status modification. Moreover, the currently existing immune-oriented therapies for SCI will be outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Zhen-Gang
- Department of Orthopaedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shi Jingwei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chang Pengyu
- Radiotherapy Department, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Shengman
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Zhang Bo-Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Zhang Bo-Yin
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14
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Gong Z, Li Q, Shi J, Wei J, Li P, Chang CH, Shultz LD, Ren G. Lung fibroblasts facilitate pre-metastatic niche formation by remodeling the local immune microenvironment. Immunity 2022; 55:1483-1500.e9. [PMID: 35908547 PMCID: PMC9830653 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Primary tumors are drivers of pre-metastatic niche formation, but the coordination by the secondary organ toward metastatic dissemination is underappreciated. Here, by single-cell RNA sequencing and immunofluorescence, we identified a population of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2)-expressing adventitial fibroblasts that remodeled the lung immune microenvironment. At steady state, fibroblasts in the lungs produced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which drove dysfunctional dendritic cells (DCs) and suppressive monocytes. This lung-intrinsic stromal program was propagated by tumor-associated inflammation, particularly the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β, supporting a pre-metastatic niche. Genetic ablation of Ptgs2 (encoding COX-2) in fibroblasts was sufficient to reverse the immune-suppressive phenotypes of lung-resident myeloid cells, resulting in heightened immune activation and diminished lung metastasis in multiple breast cancer models. Moreover, the anti-metastatic activity of DC-based therapy and PD-1 blockade was improved by fibroblast-specific Ptgs2 deletion or dual inhibition of PGE2 receptors EP2 and EP4. Collectively, lung-resident fibroblasts reshape the local immune landscape to facilitate breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Gong
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Qing Li
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Jiayuan Shi
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Jian Wei
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Peishan Li
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Chih-Hao Chang
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | | | - Guangwen Ren
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
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15
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Rahimi RA, Cho JL, Jakubzick CV, Khader SA, Lambrecht BN, Lloyd CM, Molofsky AB, Talbot S, Bonham CA, Drake WP, Sperling AI, Singer BD. Advancing Lung Immunology Research: An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 67:e1-18. [PMID: 35776495 PMCID: PMC9273224 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0167st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian airways and lungs are exposed to a myriad of inhaled particulate matter, allergens, and pathogens. The immune system plays an essential role in protecting the host from respiratory pathogens, but a dysregulated immune response during respiratory infection can impair pathogen clearance and lead to immunopathology. Furthermore, inappropriate immunity to inhaled antigens can lead to pulmonary diseases. A complex network of epithelial, neural, stromal, and immune cells has evolved to sense and respond to inhaled antigens, including the decision to promote tolerance versus a rapid, robust, and targeted immune response. Although there has been great progress in understanding the mechanisms governing immunity to respiratory pathogens and aeroantigens, we are only beginning to develop an integrated understanding of the cellular networks governing tissue immunity within the lungs and how it changes after inflammation and over the human life course. An integrated model of airway and lung immunity will be necessary to improve mucosal vaccine design as well as prevent and treat acute and chronic inflammatory pulmonary diseases. Given the importance of immunology in pulmonary research, the American Thoracic Society convened a working group to highlight central areas of investigation to advance the science of lung immunology and improve human health.
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16
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Huang JY, Lyons-Cohen MR, Gerner MY. Information flow in the spatiotemporal organization of immune responses. Immunol Rev 2022; 306:93-107. [PMID: 34845729 PMCID: PMC8837692 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Immune responses must be rapid, tightly orchestrated, and tailored to the encountered stimulus. Lymphatic vessels facilitate this process by continuously collecting immunological information (ie, antigens, immune cells, and soluble mediators) about the current state of peripheral tissues, and transporting these via the lymph across the lymphatic system. Lymph nodes (LNs), which are critical meeting points for innate and adaptive immune cells, are strategically located along the lymphatic network to intercept this information. Within LNs, immune cells are spatially organized, allowing them to efficiently respond to information delivered by the lymph, and to either promote immune homeostasis or mount protective immune responses. These responses involve the activation and functional cooperation of multiple distinct cell types and are tailored to the specific inflammatory conditions. The natural patterns of lymph flow can also generate spatial gradients of antigens and agonists within draining LNs, which can in turn further regulate innate cell function and localization, as well as the downstream generation of adaptive immunity. In this review, we explore how information transmitted by the lymph shapes the spatiotemporal organization of innate and adaptive immune responses in LNs, with particular focus on steady state and Type-I vs. Type-II inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Y Gerner
- Corresponding author: Michael Gerner, , Address: 750 Republican Street Seattle, WA 98109, Phone: 206-685-3610
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17
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Cautivo KM, Matatia PR, Lizama CO, Mroz NM, Dahlgren MW, Yu X, Sbierski-Kind J, Taruselli MT, Brooks JF, Wade-Vallance A, Caryotakis SE, Chang AA, Liang HE, Zikherman J, Locksley RM, Molofsky AB. Interferon gamma constrains type 2 lymphocyte niche boundaries during mixed inflammation. Immunity 2022; 55:254-271.e7. [PMID: 35139352 PMCID: PMC8852844 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Allergic immunity is orchestrated by group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and type 2 helper T (Th2) cells prominently arrayed at epithelial- and microbial-rich barriers. However, ILC2s and Th2 cells are also present in fibroblast-rich niches within the adventitial layer of larger vessels and similar boundary structures in sterile deep tissues, and it remains unclear whether they undergo dynamic repositioning during immune perturbations. Here, we used thick-section quantitative imaging to show that allergic inflammation drives invasion of lung and liver non-adventitial parenchyma by ILC2s and Th2 cells. However, during concurrent type 1 and type 2 mixed inflammation, IFNγ from broadly distributed type 1 lymphocytes directly blocked both ILC2 parenchymal trafficking and subsequent cell survival. ILC2 and Th2 cell confinement to adventitia limited mortality by the type 1 pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. Our results suggest that the topography of tissue lymphocyte subsets is tightly regulated to promote appropriately timed and balanced immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Cautivo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Peri R Matatia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carlos O Lizama
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas M Mroz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Madelene W Dahlgren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiaofei Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julia Sbierski-Kind
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marcela T Taruselli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy F Brooks
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adam Wade-Vallance
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sofia E Caryotakis
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anthony A Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hong-Erh Liang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julie Zikherman
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Richard M Locksley
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ari B Molofsky
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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18
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Tang XZ, Kreuk LSM, Cho C, Metzger RJ, Allen CDC. Bronchus-associated macrophages efficiently capture and present soluble inhaled antigens and are capable of local Th2 cell activation. eLife 2022; 11:63296. [PMID: 36173678 PMCID: PMC9560158 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In allergic asthma, allergen inhalation leads to local Th2 cell activation and peribronchial inflammation. However, the mechanisms for local antigen capture and presentation remain unclear. By two-photon microscopy of the mouse lung, we established that soluble antigens in the bronchial airway lumen were efficiently captured and presented by a population of CD11c+ interstitial macrophages with high CX3CR1-GFP and MHC class II expression. We refer to these cells as Bronchus-Associated Macrophages (BAMs) based on their localization underneath the bronchial epithelium. BAMs were enriched in collagen-rich regions near some airway branchpoints, where inhaled antigens are likely to deposit. BAMs engaged in extended interactions with effector Th2 cells and promoted Th2 cytokine production. BAMs were also often in contact with dendritic cells (DCs). After exposure to inflammatory stimuli, DCs migrated to draining lymph nodes, whereas BAMs remained lung resident. We propose that BAMs act as local antigen presenting cells in the lung and also transfer antigen to DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Zi Tang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States,Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Lieselotte S M Kreuk
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States,Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Cynthia Cho
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States,Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Ross J Metzger
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Christopher D C Allen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States,Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States,Department of Anatomy, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
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19
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Loss-of-function manipulations to identify roles of diverse glia and stromal cells during CNS scar formation. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 387:337-350. [PMID: 34164732 PMCID: PMC8975763 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03487-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Scar formation is the replacement of parenchymal cells by stromal cells and fibrotic extracellular matrix. Until as recently as 25 years ago, little was known about the major functional contributions of different neural and non-neural cell types in the formation of scar tissue and tissue fibrosis in the CNS. Concepts about CNS scar formation are evolving rapidly with the availability of different types of loss-of-function technologies that allow mechanistic probing of cellular and molecular functions in models of CNS disorders in vivo. Such loss-of-function studies are beginning to reveal that scar formation and tissue fibrosis in the CNS involves complex interactions amongst multiple types of CNS glia and non-neural stromal cells. For example, attenuating functions of the CNS resident glial cells, astrocytes or microglia, can disrupt the formation of limitans borders that form around stromal cell scars, which leads to increased spread of inflammation, increased loss of neural tissue, and increased fibrosis. Insights are being gained into specific neuropathological mechanisms whereby specific dysfunctions of different types of CNS glia could cause or contribute to disorder-related tissue pathology and dysfunction. CNS glia, as well as fibrosis-producing stromal cells, are emerging as potential major contributors to diverse CNS disorders either through loss- or gain-of-functions, and are thereby emerging as important potential targets for interventions. In this article, we will review and discuss the effects on CNS scar formation and tissue repair of loss-of-function studies targeted at different specific cell types in various disorder models in vivo.
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20
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Kadefors M, Rolandsson Enes S, Åhrman E, Michaliková B, Löfdahl A, Dellgren G, Scheding S, Westergren-Thorsson G. CD105 +CD90 +CD13 + identifies a clonogenic subset of adventitial lung fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24417. [PMID: 34952905 PMCID: PMC8709856 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03963-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal cells are important components of specified niches in the lung, and can mediate a wide range of processes including tissue regeneration and repair. Dysregulation of these processes can lead to improper remodeling of tissue as observed in several lung diseases. The mesenchymal cells responsible remain poorly described, partially due to the heterogenic nature of the mesenchymal compartment and the absence of appropriate markers. Here, we describe that CD105+CD90+ mesenchymal cells can be divided into two populations based on their expression of CD13/aminopeptidase N (CD105+CD90+CD13− and CD105+CD90+CD13+). By prospective isolation using FACS, we show that both these populations give rise to clonogenic fibroblast-like cells, but with an increased clonogenic and proliferative capacity of CD105+CD90+CD13+ cells. Transcriptomic and spatial analysis pinpoints an adventitial fibroblast subset as the origin of CD105+CD90+CD13+ clonogenic mesenchymal cells in human lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Måns Kadefors
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | | | - Emma Åhrman
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Anna Löfdahl
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Göran Dellgren
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Transplant Institute, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Stefan Scheding
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Hematology, Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund, Sweden
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21
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Bala N, McGurk AI, Zilch T, Rup AN, Carter EM, Leddon SA, Fowell DJ. T cell activation niches-Optimizing T cell effector function in inflamed and infected tissues. Immunol Rev 2021; 306:164-180. [PMID: 34859453 PMCID: PMC9218983 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Successful immunity to infection, malignancy, and tissue damage requires the coordinated recruitment of numerous immune cell subsets to target tissues. Once within the target tissue, effector T cells rely on local chemotactic cues and structural cues from the tissue matrix to navigate the tissue, interact with antigen-presenting cells, and release effector cytokines. This highly dynamic process has been "caught on camera" in situ by intravital multiphoton imaging. Initial studies revealed a surprising randomness to the pattern of T cell migration through inflamed tissues, behavior thought to facilitate chance encounters with rare antigen-bearing cells. Subsequent tissue-wide visualization has uncovered a high degree of spatial preference when it comes to T cell activation. Here, we discuss the basic tenants of a successful effector T cell activation niche, taking cues from the dynamics of Tfh positioning in the lymph node germinal center. In peripheral tissues, steady-state microanatomical organization may direct the location of "pop-up" de novo activation niches, often observed as perivascular clusters, that support early effector T cell activation. These perivascular activation niches appear to be regulated by site-specific chemokines that coordinate the recruitment of dendritic cells and other innate cells for local T cell activation, survival, and optimized effector function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Bala
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Alexander I McGurk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Tiago Zilch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Anastasia N Rup
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Evan M Carter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Scott A Leddon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Deborah J Fowell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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22
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Boothby IC, Kinet MJ, Boda DP, Kwan EY, Clancy S, Cohen JN, Habrylo I, Lowe MM, Pauli M, Yates AE, Chan JD, Harris HW, Neuhaus IM, McCalmont TH, Molofsky AB, Rosenblum MD. Early-life inflammation primes a T helper 2 cell-fibroblast niche in skin. Nature 2021; 599:667-672. [PMID: 34707292 PMCID: PMC8906225 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04044-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation early in life can prime the local immune milieu of peripheral tissues, which can cause lasting changes in immunological tone that confer disease protection or susceptibility1. The cellular and molecular mechanisms that prompt changes in immune tone in many nonlymphoid tissues remain largely unknown. Here we find that time-limited neonatal inflammation induced by a transient reduction in neonatal regulatory T cells causes a dysregulation of subcutaneous tissue in mouse skin. This is accompanied by the selective accumulation of type 2 helper T (TH2) cells within a distinct microanatomical niche. TH2 cells are maintained into adulthood through interactions with a fibroblast population in skin fascia that we refer to as TH2-interacting fascial fibroblasts (TIFFs), which expand in response to TH2 cytokines to form subcutaneous fibrous bands. Activation of the TH2-TIFF niche due to neonatal inflammation primes the skin for altered reparative responses to wounding. Furthermore, we identify fibroblasts in healthy human skin that express the TIFF transcriptional signature and detect these cells at high levels in eosinophilic fasciitis, an orphan disease characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the skin fascia. Taken together, these data define a previously unidentified TH2 cell niche in skin and functionally characterize a disease-associated fibroblast population. The results also suggest a mechanism of immunological priming whereby inflammation early in life creates networks between adaptive immune cells and stromal cells to establish an immunological set-point in tissues that is maintained throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian C. Boothby
- Department of Dermatology, University of California at San Franscisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California at San Franscisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maxime J. Kinet
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Franscisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Devi P. Boda
- Department of Dermatology, University of California at San Franscisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elaine Y. Kwan
- Department of Dermatology, University of California at San Franscisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,California Institute of Regenerative Medicine, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sean Clancy
- Department of Dermatology, University of California at San Franscisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jarish N. Cohen
- Department of Pathology, University of California at San Franscisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ireneusz Habrylo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California at San Franscisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California at San Franscisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Margaret M. Lowe
- Department of Dermatology, University of California at San Franscisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mariela Pauli
- Department of Dermatology, University of California at San Franscisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ashley E. Yates
- Department of Dermatology, University of California at San Franscisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jamie D. Chan
- Department of Pathology, University of California at San Franscisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hobart W. Harris
- Department of Surgery, University of California at San Franscisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Isaac M. Neuhaus
- Department of Dermatology, University of California at San Franscisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Timothy H. McCalmont
- Department of Dermatology, University of California at San Franscisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of California at San Franscisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ari B. Molofsky
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California at San Franscisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael D. Rosenblum
- Department of Dermatology, University of California at San Franscisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to Michael D. Rosenblum.
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23
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Fowell DJ, Kim M. The spatio-temporal control of effector T cell migration. Nat Rev Immunol 2021; 21:582-596. [PMID: 33627851 PMCID: PMC9380693 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-021-00507-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Effector T cells leave the lymph nodes armed with specialized functional attributes. Their antigenic targets may be located anywhere in the body, posing the ultimate challenge: how to efficiently identify the target tissue, navigate through a complex tissue matrix and, ultimately, locate the immunological insult. Recent advances in real-time in situ imaging of effector T cell migratory behaviour have revealed a great degree of mechanistic plasticity that enables effector T cells to push and squeeze their way through inflamed tissues. This process is shaped by an array of 'stop' and 'go' guidance signals including target antigens, chemokines, integrin ligands and the mechanical cues of the inflamed microenvironment. Effector T cells must sense and interpret these competing signals to correctly position themselves to mediate their effector functions for complete and durable responses in infectious disease and malignancy. Tuning T cell migration therapeutically will require a new understanding of this complex decision-making process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah J. Fowell
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Aab Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Minsoo Kim
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Aab Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
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24
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CXCL10 + peripheral activation niches couple preferred sites of Th1 entry with optimal APC encounter. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109523. [PMID: 34380032 PMCID: PMC9218982 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Correct positioning of T cells within infected tissues is critical for T cell activation and pathogen control. Upon tissue entry, effector T cells must efficiently locate antigen-presenting cells (APC) for peripheral activation. We reveal that tissue entry and initial peripheral activation of Th1 effector T cells are tightly linked to perivascular positioning of chemokine-expressing APCs. Dermal inflammation induces tissue-wide de novo generation of discrete perivascular CXCL10+ cell clusters, enriched for CD11c+MHC-II+ monocyte-derived dendritic cells. These chemokine clusters are "hotspots" for both Th1 extravasation and activation in the inflamed skin. CXCR3-dependent Th1 localization to the cluster micro-environment prolongs T-APC interactions and boosts function. Both the frequency and range of these clusters are enhanced via a T helper 1 (Th1)-intrinsic, interferon-gamma (IFNγ)-dependent positive-feedback loop. Thus, the perivascular CXCL10+ clusters act as initial peripheral activation niches, optimizing controlled activation broadly throughout the tissue by coupling Th1 tissue entry with enhanced opportunities for Th1-APC encounter.
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25
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Sbierski-Kind J, Mroz N, Molofsky AB. Perivascular stromal cells: Directors of tissue immune niches. Immunol Rev 2021; 302:10-31. [PMID: 34075598 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Perivascular niches are specialized microenvironments where stromal and immune cells interact with vasculature to monitor tissue status. Adventitial perivascular niches surround larger blood vessels and other boundary sites, supporting collections of immune cells, stromal cells, lymphatics, and neurons. Adventitial fibroblasts (AFs), a subtype of mesenchymal stromal cell, are the dominant constituents in adventitial spaces, regulating vascular integrity while organizing the accumulation and activation of a variety of interacting immune cells. In contrast, pericytes are stromal mural cells that support microvascular capillaries and surround organ-specific parenchymal cells. Here, we outline the unique immune and non-immune composition of perivascular tissue immune niches, with an emphasis on the heterogeneity and immunoregulatory functions of AFs and pericytes across diverse organs. We will discuss how perivascular stromal cells contribute to the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses and integrate immunological signals to impact tissue health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sbierski-Kind
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Mroz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ari B Molofsky
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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26
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Cross-tissue organization of the fibroblast lineage. Nature 2021; 593:575-579. [PMID: 33981032 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03549-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 457] [Impact Index Per Article: 152.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblasts are non-haematopoietic structural cells that define the architecture of organs, support the homeostasis of tissue-resident cells and have key roles in fibrosis, cancer, autoimmunity and wound healing1. Recent studies have described fibroblast heterogeneity within individual tissues1. However, the field lacks a characterization of fibroblasts at single-cell resolution across tissues in healthy and diseased organs. Here we constructed fibroblast atlases by integrating single-cell transcriptomic data from about 230,000 fibroblasts across 17 tissues, 50 datasets, 11 disease states and 2 species. Mouse fibroblast atlases and a DptIRESCreERT2 knock-in mouse identified two universal fibroblast transcriptional subtypes across tissues. Our analysis suggests that these cells can serve as a reservoir that can yield specialized fibroblasts across a broad range of steady-state tissues and activated fibroblasts in disease. Comparison to an atlas of human fibroblasts from perturbed states showed that fibroblast transcriptional states are conserved between mice and humans, including universal fibroblasts and activated phenotypes associated with pathogenicity in human cancer, fibrosis, arthritis and inflammation. In summary, a cross-species and pan-tissue approach to transcriptomics at single-cell resolution has identified key organizing principles of the fibroblast lineage in health and disease.
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27
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Rustenhoven J, Drieu A, Mamuladze T, de Lima KA, Dykstra T, Wall M, Papadopoulos Z, Kanamori M, Salvador AF, Baker W, Lemieux M, Da Mesquita S, Cugurra A, Fitzpatrick J, Sviben S, Kossina R, Bayguinov P, Townsend RR, Zhang Q, Erdmann-Gilmore P, Smirnov I, Lopes MB, Herz J, Kipnis J. Functional characterization of the dural sinuses as a neuroimmune interface. Cell 2021; 184:1000-1016.e27. [PMID: 33508229 PMCID: PMC8487654 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite the established dogma of central nervous system (CNS) immune privilege, neuroimmune interactions play an active role in diverse neurological disorders. However, the precise mechanisms underlying CNS immune surveillance remain elusive; particularly, the anatomical sites where peripheral adaptive immunity can sample CNS-derived antigens and the cellular and molecular mediators orchestrating this surveillance. Here, we demonstrate that CNS-derived antigens in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) accumulate around the dural sinuses, are captured by local antigen-presenting cells, and are presented to patrolling T cells. This surveillance is enabled by endothelial and mural cells forming the sinus stromal niche. T cell recognition of CSF-derived antigens at this site promoted tissue resident phenotypes and effector functions within the dural meninges. These findings highlight the critical role of dural sinuses as a neuroimmune interface, where brain antigens are surveyed under steady-state conditions, and shed light on age-related dysfunction and neuroinflammatory attack in animal models of multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Rustenhoven
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Antoine Drieu
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tornike Mamuladze
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kalil Alves de Lima
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Taitea Dykstra
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Morgan Wall
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Zachary Papadopoulos
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Mitsuhiro Kanamori
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Andrea Francesca Salvador
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Wendy Baker
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Mackenzie Lemieux
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sandro Da Mesquita
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Andrea Cugurra
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Gutenberg Research Fellowship Group of Neuroimmunology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn(2)), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - James Fitzpatrick
- Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Departments of Neuroscience and Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sanja Sviben
- Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ross Kossina
- Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Peter Bayguinov
- Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Reid R Townsend
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Petra Erdmann-Gilmore
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Igor Smirnov
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Maria-Beatriz Lopes
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Jasmin Herz
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jonathan Kipnis
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Gutenberg Research Fellowship Group of Neuroimmunology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn(2)), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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28
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Sofroniew MV. Astrocyte Reactivity: Subtypes, States, and Functions in CNS Innate Immunity. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:758-770. [PMID: 32819810 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are neural parenchymal cells that ubiquitously tile the central nervous system (CNS). In addition to playing essential roles in healthy tissue, astrocytes exhibit an evolutionarily ancient response to all CNS insults, referred to as astrocyte reactivity. Long regarded as passive and homogeneous, astrocyte reactivity is being revealed as a heterogeneous and functionally powerful component of mammalian CNS innate immunity. Nevertheless, concepts about what astrocyte reactivity comprises and what it does are incomplete and sometimes controversial. This review discusses the goal of differentiating reactive astrocyte subtypes and states based on composite pictures of molecular expression, cell morphology, cellular interactions, proliferative state, normal functions, and disease-induced dysfunctions. A working model and conceptual framework is presented for characterizing the diversity of astrocyte reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V Sofroniew
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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29
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Boothby IC, Cohen JN, Rosenblum MD. Regulatory T cells in skin injury: At the crossroads of tolerance and tissue repair. Sci Immunol 2020; 5:eaaz9631. [PMID: 32358172 PMCID: PMC7274208 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aaz9631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Skin injury is a highly inflammatory process that is carefully regulated to mitigate tissue damage and allow for proper barrier repair. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial coordinators of the immune response to injury in several organs. Here, we review the emerging role of Tregs in facilitating skin repair after injury. We focus on recently discovered interactions between lymphocytes and nonhematopoietic cells during wound healing and discuss how these interactions are regulated both by "classical" suppressive mechanisms of Tregs and by "nonclassical" reparative Treg functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian C Boothby
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jarish N Cohen
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Michael D Rosenblum
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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30
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Cautivo KM, Steer CA, Molofsky AB. Immune outposts in the adventitia: One foot in sea and one on shore. Curr Opin Immunol 2020; 64:34-41. [PMID: 32339862 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Advances in microscopy, genetically modified mice, and single-cell RNA sequencing have begun to deconvolute the composition and function of tissue immune niches. Here we discuss the evidence that the adventitia, the outermost layer of larger blood vessels, is a conserved niche and tissue immune outpost for multiple immune cells, including group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) and subsets of tissue-resident memory T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. We also describe the unique non-immune composition at adventitial regions, including fibroblast-like stromal cell subsets, lymphatic and blood endothelial cells, and neurons, and review how immune-stromal crosstalk impacts regional tissue immunity, organ adaptation, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Cautivo
- University of California San Francisco, Departments of Laboratory Medicine, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Catherine A Steer
- University of California San Francisco, Departments of Laboratory Medicine, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Ari B Molofsky
- University of California San Francisco, Departments of Laboratory Medicine, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA; Diabetes Center, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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31
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Jimi S, Jaguparov A, Nurkesh A, Sultankulov B, Saparov A. Sequential Delivery of Cryogel Released Growth Factors and Cytokines Accelerates Wound Healing and Improves Tissue Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:345. [PMID: 32426341 PMCID: PMC7212449 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth factors and cytokines that are secreted by cells play a crucial role in the complex physiological reaction to tissue injury. The ability to spatially and temporally control their actions to maximize regenerative benefits and minimize side effects will help accelerate wound healing and improve tissue regeneration. In this study, the sequential targeted delivery of growth factor/cytokine combinations with regulatory functions on inflammation and tissue regeneration was examined using an internal splint wound healing model. Four examined growth factors and cytokines were effectively incorporated into a novel chitosan-based cryogel, which offered a controlled and sustained release of all factors while maintaining their biological activities. The cryogels incorporated with inflammation modulatory factors (IL-10 and TGF-β) and with wound healing factors (VEGF and FGF) were placed on the wound surface on day 0 and day 3, respectively, after wound initiation. Although wound area gradually decreased in all groups over time, the area in the cryogel group with growth factor/cytokine combinations was significantly reduced starting on day 7 and reached about 10% on day 10, as compared to 60-65% in the control groups. Sequential delivery of inflammation modulatory and wound healing factors enhanced granulation tissue formation, as well as functional neovascularization, leading to regenerative epithelialization. Collectively, the chitosan-based cryogel can serve as a controlled release system for sequential delivery of several growth factors and cytokines to accelerate tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Jimi
- Central Laboratory for Pathology and Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Alexandr Jaguparov
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Ayan Nurkesh
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Bolat Sultankulov
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Arman Saparov
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
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32
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Becker M, Gnirck AC, Turner JE. Innate Lymphoid Cells in Renal Inflammation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:72. [PMID: 32063905 PMCID: PMC7000421 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their identification as a separate family of leukocytes, Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have been shown to play crucial roles in immune-mediated diseases and repair mechanisms that restore tissue integrity after injury. ILCs mainly populate non-lymphoid tissues where they form intricate circuits with parenchymal cells to regulate tissue immunity and organ homeostasis. However, the specific phenotype and function of ILC populations that reside in specific anatomical locations, such as the kidney, still remains poorly understood. In this review, we discuss tissue-specific properties of kidney-residing ILCs and summarize recent advances in the understanding of ILC biology in kidney diseases that might pave the way for development of novel treatment strategies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Becker
- III Department of Medicine and Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ann-Christin Gnirck
- III Department of Medicine and Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Eric Turner
- III Department of Medicine and Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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