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Fu X, Chen Y, Luo X, Ide JS, Li CSR. Gray matter volumetric correlates of the polygenic risk of depression: A study of the Human Connectome Project data. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2024; 87:2-12. [PMID: 38936229 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2024.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Genetic factors confer risks for depression. Understanding the neural endophenotypes, including brain morphometrics, of genetic predisposition to depression would help in unraveling the pathophysiology of depression. We employed voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to examine how gray matter volumes (GMVs) were correlated with the polygenic risk score (PRS) for depression in 993 young adults of the Human Connectome Project. The phenotype of depression was quantified with a DSM-oriented scale of the Achenbach Adult Self-Report. The PRS for depression was computed for each subject using the Psychiatric Genomics Association Study as the base sample. In multiple regression with age, sex, race, drinking severity, and total intracranial volume as covariates, regional GMVs in positive correlation with the PRS were observed in bilateral hippocampi and right gyrus rectus. Regional GMVs in negative correlation with the PRS were observed in a wide swath of brain regions, including bilateral frontal and temporal lobes, anterior cingulate cortex, thalamus, lingual gyri, cerebellum, and the left postcentral gyrus, cuneus, and parahippocampal gyrus. We also found sex difference in anterior cingulate volumes in manifesting the genetic risk of depression. In addition, the GMV of the right cerebellum crus I partially mediated the link from PRS to depression severity. These findings add to the literature by highlighting 1) a more diverse pattern of the volumetric markers of depression, with most regions showing lower but others higher GMVs in association with the genetic risks of depression, and 2) the cerebellar GMV as a genetically informed neural phenotype of depression, in neurotypical individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Fu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Xingguang Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Jaime S Ide
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Lahey BB, Durham EL, Brislin SJ, Barr PB, Dick DM, Moore TM, Pierce BL, Tong L, Reimann GE, Jeong HJ, Dupont RM, Kaczkurkin AN. Mapping potential pathways from polygenic liability through brain structure to psychological problems across the transition to adolescence. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 65:1047-1060. [PMID: 38185921 PMCID: PMC11227600 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We used a polygenic score for externalizing behavior (extPGS) and structural MRI to examine potential pathways from genetic liability to conduct problems via the brain across the adolescent transition. METHODS Three annual assessments of child conduct problems, attention-deficit/hyperactivity problems, and internalizing problems were conducted across across 9-13 years of age among 4,475 children of European ancestry in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM Study (ABCD Study®). RESULTS The extPGS predicted conduct problems in each wave (R2 = 2.0%-2.9%). Bifactor models revealed that the extPRS predicted variance specific to conduct problems (R2 = 1.7%-2.1%), but also variance that conduct problems shared with other measured problems (R2 = .8%-1.4%). Longitudinally, extPGS predicted levels of specific conduct problems (R2 = 2.0%), but not their slope of change across age. The extPGS was associated with total gray matter volume (TGMV; R2 = .4%) and lower TGMV predicted both specific conduct problems (R2 = 1.7%-2.1%) and the variance common to all problems in each wave (R2 = 1.6%-3.1%). A modest proportion of the polygenic liability specific to conduct problems in each wave was statistically mediated by TGMV. CONCLUSIONS Across the adolescent transition, the extPGS predicted both variance specific to conduct problems and variance shared by all measured problems. The extPGS also was associated with TGMV, which robustly predicted conduct problems. Statistical mediation analyses suggested the hypothesis that polygenic variation influences individual differences in brain development that are related to the likelihood of conduct problems during the adolescent transition, justifying new research to test this causal hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Peter B. Barr
- SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | | | | | | | - Lin Tong
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
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Ding Q, Li X, Rakesh D, Peng S, Xu J, Chen J, Jiang N, Luo Y, Li X, Qin S, Whittle S. The Influence of Maternal and Paternal Parenting on Adolescent Brain Structure. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024:S2451-9022(24)00171-X. [PMID: 38960280 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents raised in families with different maternal and paternal parenting combinations exhibit variations in neurocognition and psychopathology; however, whether neural differences exist remains unexplored. This study used a longitudinal twin sample to delineate how different parenting combinations influence adolescent brain structure and to elucidate the genetic contribution. METHODS A cohort of 216 twins participated in parenting assessments during early adolescence and underwent magnetic resonance imaging scanning during middle adolescence. We utilized latent profile analysis to distinguish between various maternal and paternal parenting profiles and subsequently investigated their influences on brain anatomy. Biometric analysis was applied to assess genetic influences on brain structure, and associations with internalizing symptoms were explored. RESULTS In early adolescence, 4 parenting profiles emerged, which were characterized by levels of harshness and hostility in one or both parents. Compared with adolescents in "catparent" families (low harshness/hostility in both parents), those raised in "tigermom" families (harsh/hostile mother only) exhibited a smaller nucleus accumbens volume and larger temporal cortex surface area; those in "tigerdad" families demonstrated larger thalamus volumes; and those in "tigerparent" families displayed smaller volumes in the midanterior corpus callosum. Genetic risk factors contributed significantly to the observed brain structural heterogeneity and internalizing symptoms. However, the influences of parenting profiles and brain structure on internalizing symptoms were not significant. CONCLUSIONS The findings underscore distinct brain structural features linked to maternal and paternal parenting combinations, particularly in terms of subcortical volume and cortical surface area. This study suggests an interdependent role of maternal and paternal parenting in shaping adolescent neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwen Ding
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinying Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Divyangana Rakesh
- Neuroimaging Department, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Siya Peng
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahua Xu
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilonguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nengzhi Jiang
- School of Psychology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Luo
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuebing Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shaozheng Qin
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Sarah Whittle
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Hurtado H, Hansen M, Strack J, Vainik U, Decker AL, Khundrakpam B, Duncan K, Finn AS, Mabbott DJ, Merz EC. Polygenic risk for depression and anterior and posterior hippocampal volume in children and adolescents. J Affect Disord 2024; 344:619-627. [PMID: 37858734 PMCID: PMC10842073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression has frequently been associated with smaller hippocampal volume. The hippocampus varies in function along its anterior-posterior axis, with the anterior hippocampus more strongly associated with stress and emotion processing. The goals of this study were to examine the associations among parental history of anxiety/depression, polygenic risk scores for depression (PGS-DEP), and anterior and posterior hippocampal volumes in children and adolescents. To examine specificity to PGS-DEP, we examined associations of educational attainment polygenic scores (PGS-EA) with anterior and posterior hippocampal volume. METHODS Participants were 350 3- to 21-year-olds (46 % female). PGS-DEP and PGS-EA were computed based on recent, large-scale genome-wide association studies. High-resolution, T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were acquired, and a semi-automated approach was used to segment the hippocampus into anterior and posterior subregions. RESULTS Children and adolescents with higher polygenic risk for depression were more likely to have a parent with a history of anxiety/depression. Higher polygenic risk for depression was significantly associated with smaller anterior but not posterior hippocampal volume. PGS-EA was not associated with anterior or posterior hippocampal volumes. LIMITATIONS Participants in these analyses were all of European ancestry. CONCLUSIONS Polygenic risk for depression may lead to smaller anterior but not posterior hippocampal volume in children and adolescents, and there may be specificity of these effects to PGS-DEP rather than PGS-EA. These findings may inform the earlier identification of those in need of support and the design of more effective, personalized treatment strategies. DECLARATIONS OF INTEREST none. DECLARATIONS OF INTEREST None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailee Hurtado
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Melissa Hansen
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jordan Strack
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Uku Vainik
- University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandra L Decker
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Katherine Duncan
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amy S Finn
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Donald J Mabbott
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.; Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.; Department of Psychology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Emily C Merz
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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Jiang X, Zai CC, Kennedy KG, Zou Y, Nikolova YS, Felsky D, Young LT, MacIntosh BJ, Goldstein BI. Association of polygenic risk for bipolar disorder with grey matter structure and white matter integrity in youth. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:322. [PMID: 37852985 PMCID: PMC10584947 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02607-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a gap in knowledge regarding the polygenic underpinnings of brain anomalies observed in youth bipolar disorder (BD). This study examined the association of a polygenic risk score for BD (BD-PRS) with grey matter structure and white matter integrity in youth with and without BD. 113 participants were included in the analyses, including 78 participants with both T1-weighted and diffusion-weighted MRI images, 32 participants with T1-weighted images only, and 3 participants with diffusion-weighted images only. BD-PRS was calculated using PRS-CS-auto and was based on independent adult genome-wide summary statistics. Vertex- and voxel-wise analyses examined the associations of BD-PRS with grey matter metrics (cortical volume [CV], cortical surface area [CSA], cortical thickness [CTh]) and fractional anisotropy [FA] in the combined sample, and separately in BD and HC. In the combined sample of participants with T1-weighted images (n = 110, 66 BD, 44 HC), higher BD-PRS was associated with smaller grey matter metrics in frontal and temporal regions. In within-group analyses, higher BD-PRS was associated with lower CTh of frontal, temporal, and fusiform gyrus in BD, and with lower CV and CSA of superior frontal gyrus in HC. In the combined sample of participants with diffusion-weighted images (n = 81, 49 BD, 32 HC), higher BD-PRS was associated with lower FA in widespread white matter regions. In summary, BD-PRS calculated based on adult genetic data was negatively associated with grey matter structure and FA in youth in regions implicated in BD, which may suggest neuroimaging markers of vulnerability to BD. Future longitudinal studies are needed to examine whether BD-PRS predicts neurodevelopmental changes in BD vs. HC and its interaction with course of illness and long-term medication use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Jiang
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Clement C Zai
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kody G Kennedy
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yi Zou
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yuliya S Nikolova
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Felsky
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - L Trevor Young
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bradley J MacIntosh
- Sandra E Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin I Goldstein
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Ribasés M, Mitjans M, Hartman CA, Soler Artigas M, Demontis D, Larsson H, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Kuntsi J, Faraone SV, Børglum AD, Reif A, Franke B, Cormand B. Genetic architecture of ADHD and overlap with other psychiatric disorders and cognition-related phenotypes. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 153:105313. [PMID: 37451654 PMCID: PMC10789879 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) co-occurs with many other psychiatric disorders and traits. In this review, we summarize and interpret the existing literature on the genetic architecture of these comorbidities based on hypothesis-generating approaches. Quantitative genetic studies indicate that genetic factors play a substantial role in the observed co-occurrence of ADHD with many different disorders and traits. Molecular genetic correlations derived from genome-wide association studies and results of studies based on polygenic risk scores confirm the general pattern but provide effect estimates that are smaller than those from twin studies. The identification of the specific genetic variants and biological pathways underlying co-occurrence using genome-wide approaches is still in its infancy. The first analyses of causal inference using genetic data support causal relationships between ADHD and comorbid disorders, although bidirectional effects identified in some instances point to complex relationships. While several issues in the methodology and inferences from the results are still to be overcome, this review shows that the co-occurrence of ADHD with many psychiatric disorders and traits is genetically interpretable.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ribasés
- Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Mitjans
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
| | - C A Hartman
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - M Soler Artigas
- Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Demontis
- Department of Biomedicine/Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Denmark; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - H Larsson
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J A Ramos-Quiroga
- Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Kuntsi
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - S V Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, Norton College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - A D Børglum
- Department of Biomedicine/Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Denmark; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - A Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - B Franke
- Departments of Cognitive Neuroscience and Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - B Cormand
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBER-ER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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He Q, Keding TJ, Zhang Q, Miao J, Russell JD, Herringa RJ, Lu Q, Travers BG, Li JJ. Neurogenetic mechanisms of risk for ADHD: Examining associations of polygenic scores and brain volumes in a population cohort. J Neurodev Disord 2023; 15:30. [PMID: 37653373 PMCID: PMC10469494 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-023-09498-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ADHD polygenic scores (PGSs) have been previously shown to predict ADHD outcomes in several studies. However, ADHD PGSs are typically correlated with ADHD but not necessarily reflective of causal mechanisms. More research is needed to elucidate the neurobiological mechanisms underlying ADHD. We leveraged functional annotation information into an ADHD PGS to (1) improve the prediction performance over a non-annotated ADHD PGS and (2) test whether volumetric variation in brain regions putatively associated with ADHD mediate the association between PGSs and ADHD outcomes. METHODS Data were from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (N = 555). Multiple mediation models were tested to examine the indirect effects of two ADHD PGSs-one using a traditional computation involving clumping and thresholding and another using a functionally annotated approach (i.e., AnnoPred)-on ADHD inattention (IA) and hyperactivity-impulsivity (HI) symptoms, via gray matter volumes in the cingulate gyrus, angular gyrus, caudate, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and inferior temporal lobe. RESULTS A direct effect was detected between the AnnoPred ADHD PGS and IA symptoms in adolescents. No indirect effects via brain volumes were detected for either IA or HI symptoms. However, both ADHD PGSs were negatively associated with the DLPFC. CONCLUSIONS The AnnoPred ADHD PGS was a more developmentally specific predictor of adolescent IA symptoms compared to the traditional ADHD PGS. However, brain volumes did not mediate the effects of either a traditional or AnnoPred ADHD PGS on ADHD symptoms, suggesting that we may still be underpowered in clarifying brain-based biomarkers for ADHD using genetic measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanfa He
- Department of Psychology, University of, Wisconsin-Madison, 1202 W. Johnson Street, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | | | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Jiacheng Miao
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Justin D Russell
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| | - Ryan J Herringa
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| | - Qiongshi Lu
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
- Center for Demography of Health and Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Brittany G Travers
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - James J Li
- Department of Psychology, University of, Wisconsin-Madison, 1202 W. Johnson Street, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA.
- Center for Demography of Health and Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA.
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de la Paz L, Mooney MA, Ryabinin P, Neighbor C, Antovich D, Nigg JT, Nikolas MA. Youth Polygenic Scores, Youth ADHD Symptoms, and Parenting Dimensions: An Evocative Gene-Environment Correlation Study. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2023; 51:665-677. [PMID: 36645612 PMCID: PMC10560546 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01024-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Parenting practices and parental symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been linked to severity and course of youth ADHD. However, genetically influenced behaviors related to ADHD in youth may also influence parenting behaviors. Polygenic scores (PGS) have been widely used to quantify genetic vulnerability for ADHD but has rarely been used to examine gene-environment correlation effects. The current study examined the direct effects of youth ADHD PGS and its evocative effects on parenting behaviors via youth ADHD symptoms. 803 youth aged 6-18 years (58.5% male) completed a multistage, multi-informant assessment that included measures of parenting practices and youth and parental ADHD symptoms. A mediation model was used to evaluate direct and evocative effects. Furthermore, we examined if these evocative effects remain after controlling for parental ADHD symptoms. Sensitivity analyses across age, sex, and socioeconomic status (SES) as well as restricting ancestry groups to European only ancestry were also conducted. Results indicated that youth ADHD PGS reliably predicted youth ADHD symptoms across all models (βs ranging from 0.18 to 0.26), including across age, sex, and SES and held even with ancestry restricted to the largest group (northern European). Evocative effects emerged such that higher youth PGS significantly predicted more youth ADHD symptoms, which in turn, significantly predicted lower levels of parental involvement and higher levels of poor supervision/monitoring and inconsistent discipline. These effects remained after controlling for parent ADHD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiana de la Paz
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, G60 Psychological and Brain Sciences Bldg., 340 Iowa Ave, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - Michael A Mooney
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Peter Ryabinin
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Dylan Antovich
- Division of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Joel T Nigg
- Division of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Molly A Nikolas
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, G60 Psychological and Brain Sciences Bldg., 340 Iowa Ave, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
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Wang Z, Liu C, Dong Q, Xue G, Chen C. Polygenic risk score for five major psychiatric disorders associated with volume of distinct brain regions in the general population. Biol Psychol 2023; 178:108530. [PMID: 36858107 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Risk genes and abnormal brain structural indices of psychiatric disorders have been extensively studied. However, whether genetic risk influences brain structure in the general population has been rarely studied. The current study enrolled 483 young Chinese adults, calculated their polygenic risk scores (PRS) for psychiatric disorders based on Psychiatric Genomics Consortium GWAS results, and examined the association between PRSs and brain volume. We found that PRSs were associated with the volume of many brain regions, with differences between PRS for different disorder, calculated at different threshold, and calculated using European or East Asian ancestry. Of them, the PRS for Major Depressive Disorder based on European ancestry was positively associated with right temporal gyrus; the PRS for schizophrenia based on East Asian ancestry was negatively associated with right precentral and postcentral gyrus; the PRS for schizophrenia based on European ancestry was positively associated with right superior temporal gyrus. All these brain regions are critical for corresponding disorders. However, no significant associations were found between PRS for Autism Spectrum Disorder / Bipolar Disorder and brain volume; and the association between PRS for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder at different thresholds and brain volume was inconsistent. These findings suggest distinct brain mechanisms underlying different psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Experimental School Attached to Haidian Teachers' Training College, Xiangshan Branch, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Qi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Gui Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunhui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
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10
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Jamshidi J, Park HRP, Montalto A, Fullerton JM, Gatt JM. Wellbeing and brain structure: A comprehensive phenotypic and genetic study of image-derived phenotypes in the UK Biobank. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:5180-5193. [PMID: 35765890 PMCID: PMC9812238 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Wellbeing, an important component of mental health, is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Previous association studies between brain structure and wellbeing have typically focused on volumetric measures and employed small cohorts. Using the UK Biobank Resource, we explored the relationships between wellbeing and brain morphometrics (volume, thickness and surface area) at both phenotypic and genetic levels. The sample comprised 38,982 participants with neuroimaging and wellbeing phenotype data, of which 19,234 had genotypes from which wellbeing polygenic scores (PGS) were calculated. We examined the association of wellbeing phenotype and PGS with all brain regions (including cortical, subcortical, brainstem and cerebellar regions) using multiple linear models, including (1) basic neuroimaging covariates and (2) additional demographic factors that may synergistically impact wellbeing and its neural correlates. Genetic correlations between genomic variants influencing wellbeing and brain structure were also investigated. Small but significant associations between wellbeing and volumes of several cerebellar structures (β = 0.015-0.029, PFDR = 0.007-3.8 × 10-9 ), brainstem, nucleus accumbens and caudate were found. Cortical associations with wellbeing included volume of right lateral occipital, thickness of bilateral lateral occipital and cuneus, and surface area of left superior parietal, supramarginal and pre-/post-central regions. Wellbeing-PGS was associated with cerebellar volumes and supramarginal surface area. Small mediation effects of wellbeing phenotype and PGS on right VIIIb cerebellum were evident. No genetic correlation was found between wellbeing and brain morphometric measures. We provide a comprehensive overview of wellbeing-related brain morphometric variation. Notably, small effect sizes reflect the multifaceted nature of this concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Jamshidi
- Neuroscience Research AustraliaSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- School of PsychologyUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Haeme R. P. Park
- Neuroscience Research AustraliaSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- School of PsychologyUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Arthur Montalto
- Neuroscience Research AustraliaSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- School of PsychologyUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Janice M. Fullerton
- Neuroscience Research AustraliaSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Medical SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Justine M. Gatt
- Neuroscience Research AustraliaSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- School of PsychologyUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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11
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Ahn K, Norman LJ, Justice CM, Shaw P. ADHD and its neurocognitive substrates: A two sample Mendelian randomization study. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:378. [PMID: 36085199 PMCID: PMC9463186 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02139-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with a wide array of neural and cognitive features, and other psychiatric disorders, identified mainly through cross-sectional associations studies. However, it is unclear if the disorder is causally associated with these neurocognitive features. Here, we applied a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study to summary GWAS data to explore the presence and direction of a causal effect between ADHD and a range of neurocognitive features and other psychiatric disorders. The inverse variance weighted method was used in the main analysis, and two MR methods (MR-Egger, weighted median) were used for robustness checks. We found that genetic risk for ADHD was causally associated with a decreased area of lateral orbitofrontal cortex. Conversely, we found that brain volume and some features of intrinsic functional connectivity had causal effects on ADHD risk. Bidirectional causal links were found between ADHD and adult general intelligence, as well as depression and autistic spectrum disorders. Such work highlights the important ties between ADHD and general cognitive ability, and suggest some neural features, previously merely associated with the disorder, may play a causal role in its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwangmi Ahn
- Neurobehavioral Clinical Research Section, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Luke J Norman
- National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Cristina M Justice
- Neurobehavioral Clinical Research Section, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Philip Shaw
- Neurobehavioral Clinical Research Section, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
- National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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12
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Langley K, Martin J, Thapar A. Genetics of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2022; 57:243-268. [PMID: 35538303 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has long been recognized as being a highly heritable condition and our understanding of the genetic contributions to ADHD has grown over the past few decades. This chapter will discuss the studies that have examined its heritability and the efforts to identify specific genetic risk-variants at the molecular genetic level. We outline the various techniques that have been used to characterize genetic contributions to ADHD, describing what we have learnt so far, what there is still to learn and the methodologies that can be used to further our knowledge. In doing so we will discuss research into rare and common genetic variants, polygenic risk scores, and gene-environment interplay, while also describing what genetic studies have revealed about the biological processes involved in ADHD and what they have taught us about the overlap between ADHD and other psychiatric and somatic disorders. Finally, we will discuss the strengths and limitations of the current methodologies and clinical implications of genetic research to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Langley
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK. .,MRC Centre for Psychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Joanna Martin
- MRC Centre for Psychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.,Division of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.,Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Anita Thapar
- MRC Centre for Psychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.,Division of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.,Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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13
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Merz EC, Strack J, Hurtado H, Vainik U, Thomas M, Evans A, Khundrakpam B. Educational attainment polygenic scores, socioeconomic factors, and cortical structure in children and adolescents. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:4886-4900. [PMID: 35894163 PMCID: PMC9582364 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome‐wide polygenic scores for educational attainment (PGS‐EA) and socioeconomic factors, which are correlated with each other, have been consistently associated with academic achievement and general cognitive ability in children and adolescents. Yet, the independent associations of PGS‐EA and socioeconomic factors with specific underlying factors at the neural and neurocognitive levels are not well understood. The main goals of this study were to examine the unique contributions of PGS‐EA and parental education to cortical structure and neurocognitive skills in children and adolescents, and the associations among PGS‐EA, cortical structure, and neurocognitive skills. Participants were typically developing 3‐ to 21‐year‐olds (53% male; N = 391). High‐resolution, T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired, and cortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA) were measured. PGS‐EA were computed based on the EA3 genome‐wide association study of educational attainment. Participants completed executive function, vocabulary, and episodic memory tasks. Higher PGS‐EA and parental education were independently and significantly associated with greater total SA and vocabulary. Higher PGS‐EA was significantly associated with greater SA in the left medial orbitofrontal gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus, which was associated with higher executive function. Higher parental education was significantly associated with greater SA in the left parahippocampal gyrus after accounting for PGS‐EA and total brain volume. These findings suggest that education‐linked genetics may influence SA in frontal regions, leading to variability in executive function. Associations of parental education with cortical structure in children and adolescents remained significant after controlling for PGS‐EA, a source of genetic confounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Merz
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Jordan Strack
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Hailee Hurtado
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Uku Vainik
- University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Michael Thomas
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Alan Evans
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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14
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Takeuchi H, Kimura R, Tomita H, Taki Y, Kikuchi Y, Ono C, Yu Z, Matsudaira I, Nouchi R, Yokoyama R, Kotozaki Y, Nakagawa S, Hanawa S, Iizuka K, Sekiguchi A, Araki T, Miyauchi CM, Ikeda S, Sakaki K, Dos S Kawata KH, Nozawa T, Yokota S, Magistro D, Imanishi T, Kawashima R. Polygenic risk score for bipolar disorder associates with divergent thinking and brain structures in the prefrontal cortex. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:6028-6037. [PMID: 34587347 PMCID: PMC8596941 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that a higher genetic risk of bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with greater creativity. Given the clinical importance of bipolar disorder and the importance of creativity to human society and cultural development, it is essential to reveal their associations and the neural basis of the genetic risk of bipolar disorder to gain insight into its etiology. However, despite the previous demonstration of the associations of polygenic risk score (PRS) of BD and creative jobs, the associations of BD‐PRS and creativity measured by the divergent thinking (CMDT) and regional gray matter volume (rGMV) as well as regional white matter volume (rWMV) have not been investigated. Using psychological analyses and whole‐brain voxel‐by‐voxel analyses, we examined these potential associations in 1558 young, typically developing adult students. After adjusting for confounding variables and multiple comparisons, a greater BD‐PRS was associated with a greater total CMDT fluency score, and a significant relationship was found in fluency subscores. A greater BD‐PRS was also associated with lower total mood disturbance. Neuroimaging analyses revealed that the BD‐PRS was associated with greater rGMV in the right inferior frontal gyrus, which is a consistently affected area in BD, as well as a greater rWMV in the left middle frontal gyrus, which has been suggested to play a central role in the increased creativity associated with the risk of BD with creativity. These findings suggest a relationship between the genetic risk of BD and CMDT and prefrontal cortical structures among young educated individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Takeuchi
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kimura
- Department of Human Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tomita
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Taki
- Division of Medical Neuroimaging Analysis, Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshie Kikuchi
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Chiaki Ono
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Zhiqian Yu
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Rui Nouchi
- Department of Advanced Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Creative Interdisciplinary Research Division, Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Human and Social Response Research Division, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Yuka Kotozaki
- Division of Clinical research, Medical-Industry Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Seishu Nakagawa
- Department of Human Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Division of Psychiatry, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sugiko Hanawa
- Department of Human Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kunio Iizuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sekiguchi
- Division of Medical Neuroimaging Analysis, Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Carlos Makoto Miyauchi
- Department of Advanced Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Ikeda
- Department of Ubiquitous Sensing, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kohei Sakaki
- Department of Advanced Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Takayuki Nozawa
- Research Center Institute for the Earth Inclusive Sensing Empathizing with Silent Voices, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susumu Yokota
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daniele Magistro
- Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Tadashi Imanishi
- Biomedical Informatics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Advanced Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Ubiquitous Sensing, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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15
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Sha Z, Schijven D, Francks C. Patterns of brain asymmetry associated with polygenic risks for autism and schizophrenia implicate language and executive functions but not brain masculinization. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:7652-7660. [PMID: 34211121 PMCID: PMC8872997 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01204-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia have been conceived as partly opposing disorders in terms of systemizing vs. empathizing cognitive styles, with resemblances to male vs. female average sex differences. Left-right asymmetry of the brain is an important aspect of its organization that shows average differences between the sexes and can be altered in both ASD and schizophrenia. Here we mapped multivariate associations of polygenic risk scores for ASD and schizophrenia with asymmetries of regional cerebral cortical surface area, thickness, and subcortical volume measures in 32,256 participants from the UK Biobank. Polygenic risks for the two disorders were positively correlated (r = 0.08, p = 7.13 × 10-50) and both were higher in females compared to males, consistent with biased participation against higher-risk males. Each polygenic risk score was associated with multivariate brain asymmetry after adjusting for sex, ASD r = 0.03, p = 2.17 × 10-9, and schizophrenia r = 0.04, p = 2.61 × 10-11, but the multivariate patterns were mostly distinct for the two polygenic risks and neither resembled average sex differences. Annotation based on meta-analyzed functional imaging data showed that both polygenic risks were associated with asymmetries of regions important for language and executive functions, consistent with behavioral associations that arose in phenome-wide association analysis. Overall, the results indicate that distinct patterns of subtly altered brain asymmetry may be functionally relevant manifestations of polygenic risks for ASD and schizophrenia, but do not support brain masculinization or feminization in their etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Sha
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dick Schijven
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Clyde Francks
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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16
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Ronald A, de Bode N, Polderman TJC. Systematic Review: How the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Polygenic Risk Score Adds to Our Understanding of ADHD and Associated Traits. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 60:1234-1277. [PMID: 33548493 PMCID: PMC11164195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2021.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate, by systematically reviewing the literature, whether the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) polygenic risk score (PRS) associates with ADHD and related traits in independent clinical and population samples. METHOD PubMed, Embase and PsychoInfo were systematically searched, alongside study bibliographies. Quality assessments were conducted, and a best-evidence synthesis was applied. Studies were excluded when the predictor was not based on the latest ADHD genome-wide association study, when PRS was not based on genome-wide results, or when the study was a review. Initially, 197 studies were retrieved (February 22, 2020), and a second search (June 3, 2020) yielded a further 49 studies. From both searches, 57 studies were eligible, and 44 studies met inclusion criteria. RESULTS Included studies were published in the last 3 years. Over 80% of the studies were rated excellent, based on a standardized quality assessment. Evidence of associations between ADHD PRS and the following categories was strong: ADHD, ADHD traits, brain structure, education, externalizing behaviors, neuropsychological constructs, physical health, and socioeconomic status. Evidence for associations with addiction, autism, and mental health were mixed and were, so far, inconclusive. Odds ratios for PRS associating with ADHD ranged from 1.22% to 1.76%; variance explained in dimensional assessments of ADHD traits was 0.7% to 3.3%. CONCLUSION A new wave of high-quality research using the ADHD PRS has emerged. Eventually, symptoms may be partly identified based on PRS, but the current ADHD PRS is useful for research purposes only. This review shows that the ADHD PRS is robust and reliable, associating not only with ADHD but many outcomes and challenges known to be linked to ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nora de Bode
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands, and Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands
| | - Tinca J C Polderman
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands, and Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands.
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17
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Friedman NP, Banich MT, Keller MC. Twin studies to GWAS: there and back again. Trends Cogn Sci 2021; 25:855-869. [PMID: 34312064 PMCID: PMC8446317 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The field of human behavioral genetics has come full circle. It began by using twin/family studies to estimate the relative importance of genetic and environmental influences. As large-scale genotyping became cost-effective, genome-wide association studies (GWASs) yielded insights about the nature of genetic influences and new methods that use GWAS data to estimate heritability and genetic correlations invigorated the field. Yet these newer GWAS methods have not replaced twin/family studies. In this review, we discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the two approaches with respect to characterizing genetic and environmental influences, measurement of behavioral phenotypes, and evaluation of causal models, with a particular focus on cognitive neuroscience. This discussion highlights how twin/family studies and GWAS complement and mutually reinforce one another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi P Friedman
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
| | - Marie T Banich
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Matthew C Keller
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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18
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Moreau CA, Raznahan A, Bellec P, Chakravarty M, Thompson PM, Jacquemont S. Dissecting autism and schizophrenia through neuroimaging genomics. Brain 2021; 144:1943-1957. [PMID: 33704401 PMCID: PMC8370419 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging genomic studies of autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia have mainly adopted a 'top-down' approach, beginning with the behavioural diagnosis, and moving down to intermediate brain phenotypes and underlying genetic factors. Advances in imaging and genomics have been successfully applied to increasingly large case-control studies. As opposed to diagnostic-first approaches, the bottom-up strategy begins at the level of molecular factors enabling the study of mechanisms related to biological risk, irrespective of diagnoses or clinical manifestations. The latter strategy has emerged from questions raised by top-down studies: why are mutations and brain phenotypes over-represented in individuals with a psychiatric diagnosis? Are they related to core symptoms of the disease or to comorbidities? Why are mutations and brain phenotypes associated with several psychiatric diagnoses? Do they impact a single dimension contributing to all diagnoses? In this review, we aimed at summarizing imaging genomic findings in autism and schizophrenia as well as neuropsychiatric variants associated with these conditions. Top-down studies of autism and schizophrenia identified patterns of neuroimaging alterations with small effect-sizes and an extreme polygenic architecture. Genomic variants and neuroimaging patterns are shared across diagnostic categories suggesting pleiotropic mechanisms at the molecular and brain network levels. Although the field is gaining traction; characterizing increasingly reproducible results, it is unlikely that top-down approaches alone will be able to disentangle mechanisms involved in autism or schizophrenia. In stark contrast with top-down approaches, bottom-up studies showed that the effect-sizes of high-risk neuropsychiatric mutations are equally large for neuroimaging and behavioural traits. Low specificity has been perplexing with studies showing that broad classes of genomic variants affect a similar range of behavioural and cognitive dimensions, which may be consistent with the highly polygenic architecture of psychiatric conditions. The surprisingly discordant effect sizes observed between genetic and diagnostic first approaches underscore the necessity to decompose the heterogeneity hindering case-control studies in idiopathic conditions. We propose a systematic investigation across a broad spectrum of neuropsychiatric variants to identify putative latent dimensions underlying idiopathic conditions. Gene expression data on temporal, spatial and cell type organization in the brain have also considerable potential for parsing the mechanisms contributing to these dimensions' phenotypes. While large neuroimaging genomic datasets are now available in unselected populations, there is an urgent need for data on individuals with a range of psychiatric symptoms and high-risk genomic variants. Such efforts together with more standardized methods will improve mechanistically informed predictive modelling for diagnosis and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara A Moreau
- Sainte Justine Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1C5, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Québec H3W 1W5, Canada
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, CNRS UMR 3571, Université de Paris, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Armin Raznahan
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Pierre Bellec
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Québec H3W 1W5, Canada
| | - Mallar Chakravarty
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Hospital Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Québec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, USC Keck School of Medicine, Marina del Rey, CA 90033, USA
| | - Sebastien Jacquemont
- Sainte Justine Research Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1C5, Canada
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19
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Alemany S, Blok E, Jansen PR, Muetzel RL, White T. Brain morphology, autistic traits, and polygenic risk for autism: A population-based neuroimaging study. Autism Res 2021; 14:2085-2099. [PMID: 34309210 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are associated with widespread brain alterations. Previous research in our group linked autistic traits with altered gyrification, but without pronounced differences in cortical thickness. Herein, we aim to replicate and extend these findings using a larger and older sample. Additionally, we examined whether (a) brain correlates of autistic traits were associated with polygenic risk scores (PRS) for ASD, and (b) autistic traits are related with brain morphological changes over time in a subset of children with longitudinal data available. The sample included 2400 children from the Generation R cohort. Autistic traits were measured using the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) at age 6 years. Gyrification, cortical thickness, surface area, and global morphological measures were obtained from high-resolution structural MRI scans at ages 9-to-12 years. We performed multiple linear regression analyses on a vertex-wise level. Corresponding regions of interest were tested for association with PRS. Results showed that autistic traits were related to (a) lower gyrification in the lateral occipital and the superior and inferior parietal lobes, (b) lower cortical thickness in the superior frontal region, and (c) lower surface area in inferior temporal and rostral middle frontal regions. PRS for ASD and longitudinal analyses showed significant associations that did not survive correction for multiple testing. Our findings support stability in the relationship between higher autistic symptoms and lower gyrification and smaller surface areas in school-aged children. These relationships remained when excluding ASD cases, providing neurobiological evidence for the extension of autistic traits into the general population. LAY SUMMARY: We found that school-aged children with higher levels of autistic traits had smaller total brain volume, cerebellum, cortical thickness, and surface area. Further, we also found differences in the folding patterns of the brain (gyrification). Overall, genetic susceptibility for autism spectrum disorders was not related to these brain regions suggesting that other factors could be involved in their origin. These results remained significant when excluding children with a diagnosis of ASD, providing support for the extension of the relationship between autistic traits and brain findings into the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Alemany
- IS Global, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisabet Blok
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philip R Jansen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ryan L Muetzel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tonya White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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Zhu X, Ward J, Cullen B, Lyall DM, Strawbridge RJ, Lyall LM, Smith DJ. Phenotypic and genetic associations between anhedonia and brain structure in UK Biobank. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:395. [PMID: 34282121 PMCID: PMC8289859 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01522-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Anhedonia is a core symptom of multiple psychiatric disorders and has been associated with alterations in brain structure. Genome-wide association studies suggest that anhedonia is heritable, with a polygenic architecture, but few studies have explored the association between genetic loading for anhedonia-indexed by polygenic risk scores for anhedonia (PRS-anhedonia)-and structural brain imaging phenotypes. Here, we investigated how anhedonia and PRS-anhedonia were associated with brain structure within the UK Biobank cohort. Brain measures (including total grey/white matter volumes, subcortical volumes, cortical thickness (CT) and white matter integrity) were analysed using linear mixed models in relation to anhedonia and PRS-anhedonia in 19,592 participants (9225 males; mean age = 62.6 years, SD = 7.44). We found that state anhedonia was significantly associated with reduced total grey matter volume (GMV); increased total white matter volume (WMV); smaller volumes in thalamus and nucleus accumbens; reduced CT within the paracentral cortex, the opercular part of inferior frontal gyrus, precentral cortex, insula and rostral anterior cingulate cortex; and poorer integrity of many white matter tracts. PRS-anhedonia was associated with reduced total GMV; increased total WMV; reduced white matter integrity; and reduced CT within the parahippocampal cortex, superior temporal gyrus and insula. Overall, both state anhedonia and PRS-anhedonia were associated with individual differences in multiple brain structures, including within reward-related circuits. These associations may represent vulnerability markers for psychopathology relevant to a range of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Zhu
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Joey Ward
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Breda Cullen
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Donald M Lyall
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rona J Strawbridge
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Health Data Research (HDR), Glasgow, UK
| | - Laura M Lyall
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Daniel J Smith
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, Kennedy Tower, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
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21
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Mooney MA, Bhatt P, Hermosillo RJM, Ryabinin P, Nikolas M, Faraone SV, Fair DA, Wilmot B, Nigg JT. Smaller total brain volume but not subcortical structure volume related to common genetic risk for ADHD. Psychol Med 2021; 51:1279-1288. [PMID: 31973781 PMCID: PMC7461955 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719004148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanistic endophenotypes can inform process models of psychopathology and aid interpretation of genetic risk factors. Smaller total brain and subcortical volumes are associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and provide clues to its development. This study evaluates whether common genetic risk for ADHD is associated with total brain volume (TBV) and hypothesized subcortical structures in children. METHODS Children 7-15 years old were recruited for a case-control study (N = 312, N = 199 ADHD). Children were assessed with a multi-informant, best-estimate diagnostic procedure and motion-corrected MRI measured brain volumes. Polygenic scores were computed based on discovery data from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (N = 19 099 ADHD, N = 34 194 controls) and the ENIGMA + CHARGE consortium (N = 26 577). RESULTS ADHD was associated with smaller TBV, and altered volumes of caudate, cerebellum, putamen, and thalamus after adjustment for TBV; however, effects were larger and statistically reliable only in boys. TBV was associated with an ADHD polygenic score [β = -0.147 (-0.27 to -0.03)], and mediated a small proportion of the effect of polygenic risk on ADHD diagnosis (average ACME = 0.0087, p = 0.012). This finding was stronger in boys (average ACME = 0.019, p = 0.008). In addition, we confirm genetic variation associated with whole brain volume, via an intracranial volume polygenic score. CONCLUSION Common genetic risk for ADHD is not expressed primarily as developmental alterations in subcortical brain volumes, but appears to alter brain development in other ways, as evidenced by TBV differences. This is among the first demonstrations of this effect using molecular genetic data. Potential sex differences in these effects warrant further examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Mooney
- Division of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics & Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Priya Bhatt
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Robert J M Hermosillo
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Peter Ryabinin
- Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Molly Nikolas
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience & Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Damien A Fair
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, OHSU, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Beth Wilmot
- Division of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics & Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Joel T Nigg
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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22
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Neuroimaging research on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) continues growing in extent and complexity, although it has yet to become clinically meaningful. We review recent MRI research on ADHD, to identify robust findings, current trends and challenges. RECENT FINDINGS We identified 40 publications between January 2019 and September 2020 reporting or reviewing MRI research on ADHD. Four meta-analyses have presented conflicting results regarding across-study convergence of functional and resting-state functional (fMRI and R-fMRI) studies on ADHD. On the other hand, the Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics Through Meta-Analysis international consortium has identified statistically robust albeit small differences in structural brain cortical and subcortical indices in children with ADHD versus typically developing controls. Other international consortia are harnessing open-science efforts and multimodal data (imaging, genetics, phenotypic) to shed light on the complex interplay of genetics, environment, and development in the pathophysiology of ADHD. We note growing research in 'prediction' science, which applies machine-learning analysis to identify biomarkers of disease based on big data. SUMMARY Neuroimaging in ADHD is still far from informing clinical practice. Current large-scale, multimodal, and open-science initiatives represent promising paths toward untangling the neurobiology of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Pereira-Sanchez
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Francisco X. Castellanos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Center of Brain Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan Kline Institute of Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York, USA
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23
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Barker ED, Ing A, Biondo F, Jia T, Pingault JB, Du Rietz E, Zhang Y, Ruggeri B, Banaschewski T, Hohmann S, Bokde ALW, Bromberg U, Büchel C, Quinlan EB, Sounga-Barke E, Bowling AB, Desrivières S, Flor H, Frouin V, Garavan H, Asherson P, Gowland P, Heinz A, Ittermann B, Martinot JL, Martinot MLP, Nees F, Papadopoulos-Orfanos D, Poustka L, Smolka MN, Vetter NC, Walter H, Whelan R, Schumann G. Do ADHD-impulsivity and BMI have shared polygenic and neural correlates? Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:1019-1028. [PMID: 31227801 PMCID: PMC7910212 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0444-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
There is an extensive body of literature linking ADHD to overweight and obesity. Research indicates that impulsivity features of ADHD account for a degree of this overlap. The neural and polygenic correlates of this association have not been thoroughly examined. In participants of the IMAGEN study, we found that impulsivity symptoms and body mass index (BMI) were associated (r = 0.10, n = 874, p = 0.014 FWE corrected), as were their respective polygenic risk scores (PRS) (r = 0.17, n = 874, p = 6.5 × 10-6 FWE corrected). We then examined whether the phenotypes of impulsivity and BMI, and the PRS scores of ADHD and BMI, shared common associations with whole-brain grey matter and the Monetary Incentive Delay fMRI task, which associates with reward-related impulsivity. A sparse partial least squared analysis (sPLS) revealed a shared neural substrate that associated with both the phenotypes and PRS scores. In a last step, we conducted a bias corrected bootstrapped mediation analysis with the neural substrate score from the sPLS as the mediator. The ADHD PRS associated with impulsivity symptoms (b = 0.006, 90% CIs = 0.001, 0.019) and BMI (b = 0.009, 90% CIs = 0.001, 0.025) via the neuroimaging substrate. The BMI PRS associated with BMI (b = 0.014, 95% CIs = 0.003, 0.033) and impulsivity symptoms (b = 0.009, 90% CIs = 0.001, 0.025) via the neuroimaging substrate. A common neural substrate may (in part) underpin shared genetic liability for ADHD and BMI and the manifestation of their (observable) phenotypic association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward D Barker
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK.
| | - Alex Ing
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK
| | - Francesca Biondo
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK
| | - Tianye Jia
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Ebba Du Rietz
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Yuning Zhang
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK
| | - Barbara Ruggeri
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sarah Hohmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Uli Bromberg
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, House W34, 3.OG, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Büchel
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, House W34, 3.OG, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Erin Burke Quinlan
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK
| | - Edmund Sounga-Barke
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - April B Bowling
- School of Health Science, Merrimack College, 315 Turnpike Street North Andover, North Andover, MA, 01845, USA
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK
| | - Herta Flor
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, 68131, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Vincent Frouin
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, 68131, Mannheim, Germany
- NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, 05405, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Philip Asherson
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Penny Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestr. 2 - 12, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging & Psychiatry", University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité; and Maison de Solenn, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging & Psychiatry", University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Université; and AP-HP, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dimitri Papadopoulos-Orfanos
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, 68131, Mannheim, Germany
- NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nora C Vetter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, London, UK
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24
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Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder that is known to have a polygenic (i.e., many genes of individually small effects) architecture. Polygenic scores (PGS), which characterize this polygenicity as a single score for a given individual, are considered the state-of-the-art in psychiatric genetics research. Despite the proliferation of ADHD studies adopting this approach and its clinical implications, remarkably little is known about the predictive utility of PGS in ADHD research to date, given that there have not yet been any systematic or meta-analytic reviews of this rapidly developing literature. We meta-analyzed 12 unique effect sizes from ADHD PGS studies, yielding an N = 40,088. These studies, which included a mixture of large population-based cohorts and case-control samples of predominantly European ancestry, yielded a pooled ADHD PGS effect size of rrandom = 0.201 (95% CI = [0.144, 0.288]) and an rfixed = 0.190 (95% CI = [0.180, 0.199]) in predicting ADHD. In other words, ADHD PGS reliably account for between 3.6% (in the fixed effects model) to 4.0% (in the random effects model) of the variance in broadly defined phenotypic ADHD. Findings provide important insights into the genetics of psychiatric outcomes and raise several key questions about the impact of PGS on psychiatric research moving forward. Our review concludes by providing recommendations for future research directions in the use of PGS, including new methods to account for comorbidities, integrating bioinformatics to elucidate biological pathways, and leveraging PGS to test mechanistic models of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Li
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, WI, Madison, USA.
- Center for Demography of Health and Aging, University of Wisconsin, WI, Madison, USA.
| | - Quanfa He
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, WI, Madison, USA
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25
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Morgunova A, Pokhvisneva I, Nolvi S, Entringer S, Wadhwa P, Gilmore J, Styner M, Buss C, Sassi RB, Hall GBC, O'Donnell KJ, Meaney MJ, Silveira PP, Flores CA. DCC gene network in the prefrontal cortex is associated with total brain volume in childhood. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2021; 46:E154-E163. [PMID: 33206040 PMCID: PMC7955849 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.200081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variation in the guidance cue DCC gene is linked to psychopathologies involving dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex. We created an expression-based polygenic risk score (ePRS) based on the DCC coexpression gene network in the prefrontal cortex, hypothesizing that it would be associated with individual differences in total brain volume. METHODS We filtered single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from genes coexpressed with DCC in the prefrontal cortex obtained from an adult postmortem donors database (BrainEAC) for genes enriched in children 1.5 to 11 years old (BrainSpan). The SNPs were weighted by their effect size in predicting gene expression in the prefrontal cortex, multiplied by their allele number based on an individual's genotype data, and then summarized into an ePRS. We evaluated associations between the DCC ePRS and total brain volume in children in 2 community-based cohorts: the Maternal Adversity, Vulnerability and Neurodevelopment (MAVAN) and University of California, Irvine (UCI) projects. For comparison, we calculated a conventional PRS based on a genome-wide association study of total brain volume. RESULTS Higher ePRS was associated with higher total brain volume in children 8 to 10 years old (β = 0.212, p = 0.043; n = 88). The conventional PRS at several different thresholds did not predict total brain volume in this cohort. A replication analysis in an independent cohort of newborns from the UCI study showed an association between the ePRS and newborn total brain volume (β = 0.101, p = 0.048; n = 80). The genes included in the ePRS demonstrated high levels of coexpression throughout the lifespan and are primarily involved in regulating cellular function. LIMITATIONS The relatively small sample size and age differences between the main and replication cohorts were limitations. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the DCC coexpression network in the prefrontal cortex is critically involved in whole brain development during the first decade of life. Genes comprising the ePRS are involved in gene translation control and cell adhesion, and their expression in the prefrontal cortex at different stages of life provides a snapshot of their dynamic recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Morgunova
- From the Integrated Program in Neuroscience (IPN), McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Morgunova); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (O'Donnell, Meaney, Silveira, Flores); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Flores); the Douglas Research Centre, Montréal, Que., Canada (Morgunova, Flores, Silveira); the Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Pokhvisneva, O'Donnell, Meaney, Silveira); the Child and Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, Ont., Canada (O'Donnell, Meaney); the Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR; Meaney); the Department of Medical Psychology Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (Nolvi, Buss); the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Nolvi); the Development, Health and Disease Research Program, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA (Entringer, Wadhwa); the Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA (Entringer, Wadhwa); the Institute of Medical Psychology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Entringer); the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA (Wadhwa); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA (Wadhwa); the Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA (Wadhwa); the Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA (Gilmore, Styner); the Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA (Styner); the Mood Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Sassi); and the Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Hall)
| | - Irina Pokhvisneva
- From the Integrated Program in Neuroscience (IPN), McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Morgunova); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (O'Donnell, Meaney, Silveira, Flores); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Flores); the Douglas Research Centre, Montréal, Que., Canada (Morgunova, Flores, Silveira); the Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Pokhvisneva, O'Donnell, Meaney, Silveira); the Child and Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, Ont., Canada (O'Donnell, Meaney); the Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR; Meaney); the Department of Medical Psychology Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (Nolvi, Buss); the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Nolvi); the Development, Health and Disease Research Program, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA (Entringer, Wadhwa); the Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA (Entringer, Wadhwa); the Institute of Medical Psychology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Entringer); the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA (Wadhwa); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA (Wadhwa); the Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA (Wadhwa); the Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA (Gilmore, Styner); the Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA (Styner); the Mood Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Sassi); and the Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Hall)
| | - Saara Nolvi
- From the Integrated Program in Neuroscience (IPN), McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Morgunova); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (O'Donnell, Meaney, Silveira, Flores); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Flores); the Douglas Research Centre, Montréal, Que., Canada (Morgunova, Flores, Silveira); the Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Pokhvisneva, O'Donnell, Meaney, Silveira); the Child and Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, Ont., Canada (O'Donnell, Meaney); the Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR; Meaney); the Department of Medical Psychology Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (Nolvi, Buss); the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Nolvi); the Development, Health and Disease Research Program, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA (Entringer, Wadhwa); the Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA (Entringer, Wadhwa); the Institute of Medical Psychology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Entringer); the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA (Wadhwa); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA (Wadhwa); the Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA (Wadhwa); the Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA (Gilmore, Styner); the Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA (Styner); the Mood Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Sassi); and the Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Hall)
| | - Sonja Entringer
- From the Integrated Program in Neuroscience (IPN), McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Morgunova); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (O'Donnell, Meaney, Silveira, Flores); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Flores); the Douglas Research Centre, Montréal, Que., Canada (Morgunova, Flores, Silveira); the Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Pokhvisneva, O'Donnell, Meaney, Silveira); the Child and Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, Ont., Canada (O'Donnell, Meaney); the Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR; Meaney); the Department of Medical Psychology Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (Nolvi, Buss); the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Nolvi); the Development, Health and Disease Research Program, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA (Entringer, Wadhwa); the Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA (Entringer, Wadhwa); the Institute of Medical Psychology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Entringer); the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA (Wadhwa); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA (Wadhwa); the Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA (Wadhwa); the Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA (Gilmore, Styner); the Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA (Styner); the Mood Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Sassi); and the Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Hall)
| | - Pathik Wadhwa
- From the Integrated Program in Neuroscience (IPN), McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Morgunova); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (O'Donnell, Meaney, Silveira, Flores); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Flores); the Douglas Research Centre, Montréal, Que., Canada (Morgunova, Flores, Silveira); the Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Pokhvisneva, O'Donnell, Meaney, Silveira); the Child and Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, Ont., Canada (O'Donnell, Meaney); the Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR; Meaney); the Department of Medical Psychology Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (Nolvi, Buss); the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Nolvi); the Development, Health and Disease Research Program, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA (Entringer, Wadhwa); the Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA (Entringer, Wadhwa); the Institute of Medical Psychology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Entringer); the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA (Wadhwa); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA (Wadhwa); the Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA (Wadhwa); the Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA (Gilmore, Styner); the Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA (Styner); the Mood Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Sassi); and the Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Hall)
| | - John Gilmore
- From the Integrated Program in Neuroscience (IPN), McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Morgunova); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (O'Donnell, Meaney, Silveira, Flores); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Flores); the Douglas Research Centre, Montréal, Que., Canada (Morgunova, Flores, Silveira); the Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Pokhvisneva, O'Donnell, Meaney, Silveira); the Child and Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, Ont., Canada (O'Donnell, Meaney); the Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR; Meaney); the Department of Medical Psychology Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (Nolvi, Buss); the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Nolvi); the Development, Health and Disease Research Program, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA (Entringer, Wadhwa); the Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA (Entringer, Wadhwa); the Institute of Medical Psychology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Entringer); the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA (Wadhwa); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA (Wadhwa); the Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA (Wadhwa); the Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA (Gilmore, Styner); the Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA (Styner); the Mood Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Sassi); and the Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Hall)
| | - Martin Styner
- From the Integrated Program in Neuroscience (IPN), McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Morgunova); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (O'Donnell, Meaney, Silveira, Flores); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Flores); the Douglas Research Centre, Montréal, Que., Canada (Morgunova, Flores, Silveira); the Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Pokhvisneva, O'Donnell, Meaney, Silveira); the Child and Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, Ont., Canada (O'Donnell, Meaney); the Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR; Meaney); the Department of Medical Psychology Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (Nolvi, Buss); the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Nolvi); the Development, Health and Disease Research Program, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA (Entringer, Wadhwa); the Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA (Entringer, Wadhwa); the Institute of Medical Psychology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Entringer); the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA (Wadhwa); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA (Wadhwa); the Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA (Wadhwa); the Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA (Gilmore, Styner); the Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA (Styner); the Mood Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Sassi); and the Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Hall)
| | - Claudia Buss
- From the Integrated Program in Neuroscience (IPN), McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Morgunova); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (O'Donnell, Meaney, Silveira, Flores); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Flores); the Douglas Research Centre, Montréal, Que., Canada (Morgunova, Flores, Silveira); the Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Pokhvisneva, O'Donnell, Meaney, Silveira); the Child and Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, Ont., Canada (O'Donnell, Meaney); the Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR; Meaney); the Department of Medical Psychology Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (Nolvi, Buss); the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Nolvi); the Development, Health and Disease Research Program, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA (Entringer, Wadhwa); the Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA (Entringer, Wadhwa); the Institute of Medical Psychology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Entringer); the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA (Wadhwa); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA (Wadhwa); the Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA (Wadhwa); the Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA (Gilmore, Styner); the Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA (Styner); the Mood Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Sassi); and the Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Hall)
| | - Roberto Britto Sassi
- From the Integrated Program in Neuroscience (IPN), McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Morgunova); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (O'Donnell, Meaney, Silveira, Flores); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Flores); the Douglas Research Centre, Montréal, Que., Canada (Morgunova, Flores, Silveira); the Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Pokhvisneva, O'Donnell, Meaney, Silveira); the Child and Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, Ont., Canada (O'Donnell, Meaney); the Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR; Meaney); the Department of Medical Psychology Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (Nolvi, Buss); the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Nolvi); the Development, Health and Disease Research Program, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA (Entringer, Wadhwa); the Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA (Entringer, Wadhwa); the Institute of Medical Psychology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Entringer); the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA (Wadhwa); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA (Wadhwa); the Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA (Wadhwa); the Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA (Gilmore, Styner); the Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA (Styner); the Mood Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Sassi); and the Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Hall)
| | - Geoffrey B C Hall
- From the Integrated Program in Neuroscience (IPN), McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Morgunova); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (O'Donnell, Meaney, Silveira, Flores); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Flores); the Douglas Research Centre, Montréal, Que., Canada (Morgunova, Flores, Silveira); the Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Pokhvisneva, O'Donnell, Meaney, Silveira); the Child and Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, Ont., Canada (O'Donnell, Meaney); the Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR; Meaney); the Department of Medical Psychology Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (Nolvi, Buss); the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Nolvi); the Development, Health and Disease Research Program, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA (Entringer, Wadhwa); the Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA (Entringer, Wadhwa); the Institute of Medical Psychology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Entringer); the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA (Wadhwa); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA (Wadhwa); the Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA (Wadhwa); the Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA (Gilmore, Styner); the Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA (Styner); the Mood Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Sassi); and the Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Hall)
| | - Kieran J O'Donnell
- From the Integrated Program in Neuroscience (IPN), McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Morgunova); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (O'Donnell, Meaney, Silveira, Flores); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Flores); the Douglas Research Centre, Montréal, Que., Canada (Morgunova, Flores, Silveira); the Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Pokhvisneva, O'Donnell, Meaney, Silveira); the Child and Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, Ont., Canada (O'Donnell, Meaney); the Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR; Meaney); the Department of Medical Psychology Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (Nolvi, Buss); the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Nolvi); the Development, Health and Disease Research Program, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA (Entringer, Wadhwa); the Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA (Entringer, Wadhwa); the Institute of Medical Psychology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Entringer); the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA (Wadhwa); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA (Wadhwa); the Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA (Wadhwa); the Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA (Gilmore, Styner); the Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA (Styner); the Mood Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Sassi); and the Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Hall)
| | - Michael J Meaney
- From the Integrated Program in Neuroscience (IPN), McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Morgunova); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (O'Donnell, Meaney, Silveira, Flores); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Flores); the Douglas Research Centre, Montréal, Que., Canada (Morgunova, Flores, Silveira); the Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Pokhvisneva, O'Donnell, Meaney, Silveira); the Child and Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, Ont., Canada (O'Donnell, Meaney); the Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR; Meaney); the Department of Medical Psychology Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (Nolvi, Buss); the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Nolvi); the Development, Health and Disease Research Program, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA (Entringer, Wadhwa); the Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA (Entringer, Wadhwa); the Institute of Medical Psychology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Entringer); the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA (Wadhwa); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA (Wadhwa); the Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA (Wadhwa); the Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA (Gilmore, Styner); the Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA (Styner); the Mood Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Sassi); and the Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Hall)
| | - Patricia P Silveira
- From the Integrated Program in Neuroscience (IPN), McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Morgunova); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (O'Donnell, Meaney, Silveira, Flores); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Flores); the Douglas Research Centre, Montréal, Que., Canada (Morgunova, Flores, Silveira); the Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Pokhvisneva, O'Donnell, Meaney, Silveira); the Child and Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, Ont., Canada (O'Donnell, Meaney); the Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR; Meaney); the Department of Medical Psychology Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (Nolvi, Buss); the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Nolvi); the Development, Health and Disease Research Program, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA (Entringer, Wadhwa); the Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA (Entringer, Wadhwa); the Institute of Medical Psychology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Entringer); the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA (Wadhwa); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA (Wadhwa); the Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA (Wadhwa); the Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA (Gilmore, Styner); the Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA (Styner); the Mood Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Sassi); and the Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Hall)
| | - Cecilia A Flores
- From the Integrated Program in Neuroscience (IPN), McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Morgunova); the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (O'Donnell, Meaney, Silveira, Flores); the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Flores); the Douglas Research Centre, Montréal, Que., Canada (Morgunova, Flores, Silveira); the Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Pokhvisneva, O'Donnell, Meaney, Silveira); the Child and Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, Ont., Canada (O'Donnell, Meaney); the Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR; Meaney); the Department of Medical Psychology Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (Nolvi, Buss); the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (Nolvi); the Development, Health and Disease Research Program, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA (Entringer, Wadhwa); the Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA (Entringer, Wadhwa); the Institute of Medical Psychology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Entringer); the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA (Wadhwa); the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA (Wadhwa); the Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA (Wadhwa); the Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA (Gilmore, Styner); the Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA (Styner); the Mood Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Sassi); and the Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Hall)
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Moore TM, White LK, Barzilay R, Calkins ME, Jones JD, Young JF, Gur RC, Gur RE. Development of a scale battery for rapid assessment of risk and resilience. Psychiatry Res 2020; 288:112996. [PMID: 32361336 PMCID: PMC7331278 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It is critical to understand the factors that increase risk for development of psychiatric disorders as well as promote resilience against disorders. The current study describes the development of a brief tool for risk/resilience assessment that takes a broad perspective of "risk" and "resilience" to characterize the phenomena, and assesses multiple factors that span intrapersonal, interpersonal, and wide-ranging external contexts. We administered twelve scales (212 items) to a diverse population comprising help-seeking and community participants (N = 298; 46% female) in the greater Philadelphia area. We used exploratory item-factor analysis to determine how items cluster across scales. After determining that a seven-factor solution was optimal, computerized adaptive testing (CAT) simulation was run to determine what would happen if the seven full-form factors were administered adaptively. These results were used to select items for short-form scales, producing seven final scales (items = 47). Validity was assessed by relating short-form scores to demographics, clinical diagnoses, scales, and criteria; these relationships were also compared to the relationships found with the original scales. Almost all effects detected by the twelve original scales were detected by the substantially abbreviated short-forms. The abbreviated battery shows promise for rapid assessment of multiple risk and resilience parameters, a necessity in large-scale studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler M. Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Lifespan Brain Institute, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lauren K. White
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Lifespan Brain Institute, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ran Barzilay
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Lifespan Brain Institute, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Monica E. Calkins
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Lifespan Brain Institute, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jason D. Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Lifespan Brain Institute, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jami F. Young
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Lifespan Brain Institute, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ruben C. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Lifespan Brain Institute, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Raquel E. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Lifespan Brain Institute, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) shows high heritability in formal genetic studies. In our review article, we provide an overview on common and rare genetic risk variants for ADHD and their link to clinical practice. RECENT FINDINGS The formal heritability of ADHD is about 80% and therefore higher than most other psychiatric diseases. However, recent studies estimate the proportion of heritability based on singlenucleotide variants (SNPs) at 22%. It is a matter of debate which genetic mechanisms explain this huge difference. While frequent variants in first mega-analyses of genome-wideassociation study data containing several thousand patients give the first genome-wide results, explaining only little variance, the methodologically more difficult analyses of rare variants are still in their infancy. Some rare genetic syndromes show higher prevalence for ADHD indicating a potential role for a small number of patients. In contrast, polygenic risk scores (PRS) could potentially be applied to every patient. We give an overview how PRS explain different behavioral phenotypes in ADHD and how they could be used for diagnosis and therapy prediction. Knowledge about a patient's genetic makeup is not yet mandatory for ADHD therapy or diagnosis. PRS however have been introduced successfully in other areas of clinical medicine, and their application in psychiatry will begin within the next years. In order to ensure competent advice for patients, knowledge of the current state of research is useful forpsychiatrists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Grimm
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Thorsten M Kranz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.
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28
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Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Implicates Ras Pathways in the Genetic Architecture of Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Behav Genet 2020; 50:191-202. [DOI: 10.1007/s10519-020-09991-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Serdarevic F, Tiemeier H, Jansen PR, Alemany S, Xerxa Y, Neumann A, Robinson E, Hillegers MHJ, Verhulst FC, Ghassabian A. Polygenic Risk Scores for Developmental Disorders, Neuromotor Functioning During Infancy, and Autistic Traits in Childhood. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 87:132-138. [PMID: 31629460 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired neuromotor development is often one of the earliest observations in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We investigated whether a genetic predisposition to developmental disorders was associated with nonoptimal neuromotor development during infancy and examined the genetic correlation between nonoptimal neuromotor development and autistic traits in the general population. METHODS In a population-based cohort in The Netherlands (2002-2006), we calculated polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for ASD and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using genome-wide association study summary statistics. In 1921 children with genetic data, parents rated autistic traits at 6 years of age. Among them, 1174 children (61.1%) underwent neuromotor examinations (tone, responses, senses, and other observations) during infancy (9-20 weeks of age). We used linear regressions to examine associations of PRSs with neuromotor scores and autistic traits. We performed a bivariate genome-based restricted maximum likelihood analysis to explore whether genetic susceptibility underlies the association between neuromotor development and autistic traits. RESULTS Higher PRSs for ASD were associated with less optimal overall infant neuromotor development, in particular low muscle tone. Higher PRSs for ADHD were associated with less optimal senses. PRSs for ASD and those for ADHD both were associated with autistic traits. The single nucleotide polymorphism-based heritability of overall motor development was 20% (SE = .21) and of autistic traits was 68% (SE = .26). The genetic correlation between overall motor development and autistic traits was .35 (SE = .21, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS We found that genetic liabilities for ASD and ADHD covary with neuromotor development during infancy. Shared genetic liability might partly explain the association between nonoptimal neuromotor development during infancy and autistic traits in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadila Serdarevic
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Philip R Jansen
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia Alemany
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yllza Xerxa
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Neumann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elise Robinson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Manon H J Hillegers
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank C Verhulst
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Akhgar Ghassabian
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York; Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York; Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
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Novins DK, Althoff RR, Cortese S, Drury SS, Frazier JA, Henderson SW, McCauley E, White TJH. Editors' Best of 2019. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020; 59:8-12. [PMID: 31879011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
There is, in the content of the Journal, an embarrassment of riches, and picking a "best" seems to demand a certain qualification: is the "best" the most interesting, most surprising, most educational, most important, most provocative, most enjoyable? How to choose? We are hardly unbiased and can admit to a special affection for the ones that we and the authors worked hardest on, hammering version after version into shape. Acknowledging these biases, here are the 2019 articles that we think deserve your attention or at least a second read.
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