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Qiao L, Xu S, Zhang W, Liu S, Lin X. Information seeking and subsequent affective well-being in Chinese young adults: the mediating effects of worry. Psychol Health 2024:1-16. [PMID: 39219218 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2024.2395867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to unravel micro-processes that link information seeking to subsequent affective well-being (i.e., positive and negative affect) at the within-person level, as well as the role of worry as a mediator in this relationship. METHODS AND MEASURES Within the initial weeks following the Chinese government's relaxation of its epidemic control measures, 184 participants completed experience sampling methods on information seeking, COVID-related worry, and affective well-being three times a day for 14 days. RESULTS According to dynamic structural equation models, information seeking was associated with high negative affect but not with low positive affect. COVID-related worry acted as a full mediator between information seeking at the previous time point (approximately 5 h ago) and the current negative affect, but not in positive affect. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that the impact of information seeking on affective well-being was different for the two dimensions of affect. Furthermore, the persistent impact of information seeking on negative affect was attributed to the indirect effect of worry, suggesting that worry should be a point of focus for intervention to mitigate the potentially negative effects of information seeking within the context of the public health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qiao
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Xu
- College of Education for the Future, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
- Department of Student Affairs, Jiaying University, Meizhou, China
| | - Wenrui Zhang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shijia Liu
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuyun Lin
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Lu X, An X, Chen S. Trends and Influencing Factors in Problematic Smartphone Use Prevalence (2012-2022): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2024; 27:616-634. [PMID: 38979617 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2023.0548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Given that problematic smartphone use (PSU) has been researched for a long time, it becomes necessary to assess how the trends of PSU prevalence have evolved over time. In total, 106 articles from 2012 to 2022 with 109 studies covering 97,748 individuals were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The estimation of the global pooled PSU prevalence was 37.1% (95% confidence interval, 33.5 - 40.8%) and the PSU prevalence is growing over time in total. Although the PSU prevalence exhibited wide variation between regions and measurement scales, the increasing trend remained. In addition, the regression slope of the PSU prevalence trend in males was higher than that in females. Males initially had a lower prevalence of PSU than females, but this steadily changed over time until it was greater in males than in females. Moreover, the prevalence of PSU showed an increasing trend across all age groups, with a faster growth rate in the older age group. Considering the aforementioned results, it's necessary to implement proper interventions to do with this phenomenon. In addition, considering the differences in prevalence brought by regions, and measurement scales, in practice and research, we should not only take into account the disparities of PSU between countries or cultures, but also to concern about establishing unified standard and measurement tools to confirm it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Lu
- Department of Psychology, School of Educational Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xianli An
- Department of Psychology, School of Educational Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Siguang Chen
- Department of Psychology, School of Educational Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Stirnberg J, Margraf J, Precht LM, Brailovskaia J. The Relationship between Reasons for Smartphone Use, Addictive Use Tendencies, Fear of Missing Out, Depression, and Life Satisfaction: A Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis. Psychopathology 2024; 57:359-368. [PMID: 38679019 DOI: 10.1159/000538263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the present cross-sectional study, we investigated whether reasons for smartphone use are similar to those of social media use. Also, we explored links between reasons of smartphone use and mental health variables (problematic smartphone use, FOMO, depression symptoms, and life satisfaction) in Germany during the COVID-19 lockdown period. METHODS Overall, 571 smartphone users (Mage = 31.60, SDage = 12.73) provided their reasons for smartphone use. The reasons were assigned to six categories by an inductive qualitative content analysis. RESULTS Five of six reasons were similar to those of social media described by previous research. "Search for social interaction" goes along with less problematic smartphone use and depression symptoms and more life satisfaction. "Search for positive feelings" is associated with lower life satisfaction. More depressed people, those with problematic smartphone use tendencies, higher FOMO, and lower life satisfaction tend to "escape from negative emotions." DISCUSSION Our results help to understand the relationships between reasons for smartphone use and mental health variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Stirnberg
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jürgen Margraf
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- DZPG (German Center for Mental Health), partner site Bochum/Marburg, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lena-Marie Precht
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Julia Brailovskaia
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- DZPG (German Center for Mental Health), partner site Bochum/Marburg, Bochum, Germany
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Marzo RR, Jun Chen HW, Ahmad A, Thew HZ, Choy JS, Ng CH, Chew CLA, Heidler P, King I, Shrestha R, Rahman F, Rana JA, Khoshtaria T, Matin A, Todua N, Küçük Biçer B, Faller E, Tudy RA, Baldonado A, Penamante CA, Bahari R, Younus DA, Ismail ZM, Lotfizadeh M, Hassan SM, Iliya RS, Inyang AE, Maung Maung T, Oo WM, Myint O, Khadka A, Acharya S, Aye SS, Naing TW, Win MT, Kyaw YW, Thapa PP, Khanal J, Bhattacharya S, Abid K, Fahlevi M, Aljuaid M, El-Abasir RA, Elsayed MEG. The evolving role of social media in enhancing quality of life: a global perspective across 10 countries. Arch Public Health 2024; 82:28. [PMID: 38449000 PMCID: PMC10918911 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-023-01222-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive or inappropriate use of social media has been linked to disruptions in regular work, well-being, mental health, and overall reduction of quality of life. However, a limited number of studies documenting the impact of social media on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are available globally. AIM This study aimed to explore the perceived social media needs and their impact on the quality of life among the adult population of various selected countries. METHODOLOGY A cross-sectional, quantitative design and analytical study utilized an online survey disseminated from November to December 2021. RESULTS A total of 6689 respondents from ten countries participated in the study. The largest number of respondents was from Malaysia (23.9%), followed by Bangladesh (15.5%), Georgia (14.8%), and Turkey (12.2%). The prevalence of social media users was over 90% in Austria, Georgia, Myanmar, Nigeria, and the Philippines. The majority of social media users were from the 18-24 age group. Multiple regression analysis showed that higher education level was positively correlated with all four domains of WHOQoL. In addition, the psychological health domain of quality of life was positively associated in all countries. Predictors among Social Media Needs, Affective Needs (β = -0.07), and Social Integrative Needs (β = 0.09) were significantly associated with psychological health. CONCLUSION The study illuminates the positive correlation between higher education levels and improved life quality among social media users, highlighting an opportunity for policymakers to craft education-focused initiatives that enhance well-being. The findings call for strategic interventions to safeguard the mental health of the global social media populace, particularly those at educational and health disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Rillera Marzo
- Faculty of Humanities and Health Sciences, Curtin University, Miri, Malaysia.
- Global Public Health, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Hana W Jun Chen
- International Medical School, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Selangor, 40610, Malaysia
| | - Absar Ahmad
- College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 834006, India
| | - Hui Zhu Thew
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ja Shen Choy
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chee Han Ng
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chen Loong Alyx Chew
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Petra Heidler
- Institute International Trade and Sustainable Economy, University of Applied Sciences Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
- Department of Health Sciences, St. Pölten University of Applied Sciences, St. Pölten, Austria
| | - Isabel King
- Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Rajeev Shrestha
- Palliative Care and Chronic Disease, Green Pastures Hospital, PO Box 28, Pokhara, Province Gandaki, 33700, Nepal
| | - Farzana Rahman
- Department of Research & Administration, Bangladesh National Nutrition Council, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jehan Akhter Rana
- Department of Coordination, National Nutrition Council, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tornike Khoshtaria
- Faculty of Healthcare Economics and Management, University Geomedi, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Arian Matin
- School of Business, International Black Sea University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Nugzar Todua
- School of Economics and Business, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Burcu Küçük Biçer
- Department of Medical Education and Informatics, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erwin Faller
- Pharmacy Department, School of Allied Health Sciences, San Pedro College, Davao City, Philippines
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK
| | - Randy A Tudy
- Faculty of the College of Education, University of Southeastern Philippines, Davao City, Philippines
| | - Aries Baldonado
- College of Nursing, Saint Alexius College, Koronadal City, Philippines
| | - Criselle Angeline Penamante
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Rafidah Bahari
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cyberjaya, Cyberjaya, Malaysia
| | - Delan Ameen Younus
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraq
| | - Zjwan Mohammed Ismail
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Technical Health and Medical College, Erbil Polytechnique University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Masoud Lotfizadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Shehu Muhammad Hassan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | | | - Asari E Inyang
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Theingi Maung Maung
- Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Win Myint Oo
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand
| | - Ohnmar Myint
- Regional Public Health Department, Ayeyarwady Region, Pathein, Myanmar
| | - Anil Khadka
- Department of Public Health Modern Technical College Affiliated to Pokhara University, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Swosti Acharya
- Manmohan Cardiothoracic Vascular and Transplant Centre, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, 44600, Nepal
| | - Soe Soe Aye
- Department of Paediatrics, RCSI Program Perdana University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Thein Win Naing
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cyberjaya, Cyberjaya, Malaysia
| | - Myat Thida Win
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cyberjaya, Cyberjaya, Malaysia
| | - Ye Wint Kyaw
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, SEGi University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | | | - Josana Khanal
- Department of Public Health (Purbanchal University), Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Sudip Bhattacharya
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India
| | - Khadijah Abid
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mochammad Fahlevi
- Management Department, BINUS Online Learning, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, 11480, Indonesia
| | - Mohammed Aljuaid
- Department of Health Administration, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Radwa Abdullah El-Abasir
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Mohamed E G Elsayed
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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Zhang J, Zeng Y. Effect of College Students' Smartphone Addiction on Academic Achievement: The Mediating Role of Academic Anxiety and Moderating Role of Sense of Academic Control. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:933-944. [PMID: 38464809 PMCID: PMC10924864 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s442924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background College students are the backbone of future national construction and shoulder the hope of the future development of the country and the nation. Smartphone addiction among college students will not only affect their own mental health and learning attitude, but it will also significantly affect their future academic achievement, academic emotion and academic engagement. However, the relationship between academic anxiety and academic control and academic achievement, as well as their internal mechanisms and boundary conditions, has received little attention. The purpose of this study is to examine whether and how smartphone addiction influences academic achievement. Purpose This study aims to explore the mechanistic role of academic anxiety and academic control in the influence of smartphone addiction on academic achievement in college students, and hopes that the results can guide education and teaching. Methods A sample of N=2097 participants, this study evaluated the relationship between smartphone addiction, academic control, academic anxiety and academic achievement among college students, and the participants filled in the college students' smartphone addiction scale, academic control questionnaire, academic anxiety questionnaire and grade points. Results (1) There is a significant negative correlation between smartphone addiction and academic achievement; (2) academic anxiety serves as a complete mediator in the relationship between smartphone addiction and academic achievement; (3) the interaction between smartphone addiction and academic control moderates academic anxiety, with higher levels of academic control associated with a weaker impact of smartphone addiction on academic anxiety; (4) academic control also moderates the mediating role of academic anxiety between smartphone addiction and academic achievement, demonstrating a moderated mediating effect. Conclusion Smartphone addiction had negative direct effect on academic achievement, as well as completely mediating effect through academic anxiety. Academic control moderated the relationship between of smartphone addiction and academic anxiety. This study enriches the research on the relationship between smartphone addiction and academic achievement in theory, and has important guiding significance for education and teaching in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhang
- Department of Education, Liaoning Normal University, Liaoning, Dalian, 116029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youlai Zeng
- Department of Education, Liaoning Normal University, Liaoning, Dalian, 116029, People’s Republic of China
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Feng B, Dou G. Depression and Smartphone Addiction Among College Students: The Mediating Effect of Emotional Exhaustion. ALPHA PSYCHIATRY 2024; 25:269-276. [PMID: 38798817 PMCID: PMC11117419 DOI: 10.5152/alphapsychiatry.2024.231496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Objective Multiple studies claim that depression was a triggering factor for smartphone addiction among college students. But we still know very little about the underlying mechanisms of smartphone addiction. The aim was to shed light on the underlying mechanisms of smartphone addiction from the perspective of depression and emotional exhaustion, to provide alternative paths for university administrators to address smartphone addiction among college students. Methods A total of 2764 Chinese college students participated in the survey. They independently filled out self-assessment questionnaires including the Cell Phone Addiction Scale, Beck Depression Inventory II, and Emotional Exhaustion Scale. Subsequently, mediation analysis was conducted using the PROCESS macro developed by Hayes (v 4.0; Model 4). Results Statistical analysis showed that depression was positively correlated with emotional exhaustion and smartphone addiction, emotional exhaustion was positively correlated with smartphone addiction, all of which were statistically significant. In addition, the effect of depression on smartphone addiction among college students was partially mediated by emotional exhaustion. Conclusion The impact of depression and emotional exhaustion on smartphone addiction had been preliminarily explored, which had certain value for further understanding of smartphone addiction among college students. This study could provide references for universities to develop intervention measures for smartphone addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoan Feng
- Quzhou University, College of Teacher Education, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gaojie Dou
- Quzhou University, College of Foreign Languages and International Education, Zhejiang, China
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Sarhan AL. The relationship of smartphone addiction with depression, anxiety, and stress among medical students. SAGE Open Med 2024; 12:20503121241227367. [PMID: 38313469 PMCID: PMC10838039 DOI: 10.1177/20503121241227367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction An increasing amount of research has shown a link between psychopathological behaviors such as smartphone addiction, depression, anxiety, and stress. The aim of this study was to assess the association of smartphone addiction with depression, anxiety, and stress. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between 26th January and 3rd March 2021. The sample was chosen using a convenient sampling technique and Raosoft tool. The survey assessed smartphone addiction using abbreviated versions of the Addiction Scale Short Version, a self-administered questionnaire that has been validated in the English and Arabic languages. Also, Depression and Anxiety Stress Scale was used to measure the level of depression, anxiety, and stress among the university students. Results A total of 367 university students from the Medical and Health Sciences College participated. Our findings showed that smartphone addiction exhibited positive correlations with depression (r = 0.375, p < 0.01), anxiety (r = 0.253, p < 0.01), and stress (r = 0.328, p < 0.05). In addition, there was a strong positive correlation between depression and both anxiety and stress (r = 0.731, p < 0.01) (r = 0.778, p < 0.01), respectively. Finally, stress and anxiety showed a positive correlation (r = 0.708, p < 0.01). Conclusion When combined, our data offer strong support for a bidirectional hybrid theory that takes into account the link between smartphone addiction and depression, anxiety, and stress. The current study's findings might assist national health authorities in strengthening their efforts to prevent depression, anxiety, and stress associated with the use of modern technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Lutfi Sarhan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
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Yang Z, Huang J, Kwan MP, Liu D. The interplay among individuals' distress, daily activities, and perceptions of COVID-19 and neighborhood cohesion: A study using network analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0293157. [PMID: 38236893 PMCID: PMC10796027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The reduction of social interactions through non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) has been shown to effectively curb COVID-19 transmission. However, these control measures were often accompanied by changes in people's daily routines and constraints on their activity space, which could lead to mental distress (i.e., anxiety and depression). This study examined the interplay among individuals' anxiety, depression, daily activities, and perceptions of COVID-19 and neighborhood cohesion. Taking Hong Kong as an example, an online survey (N = 376) was conducted to collect data from participants between March 14 to May 11, 2022. The data include respondents' self-reported anxiety and depressive symptoms, daily activities (e.g., smartphone use), perceptions of COVID-19 (e.g., the possibility of infecting COVID-19), and perceptions of neighborhood cohesion. Using network analysis, we found that excessive smartphone use, life disturbance by COVID-19, and a community with people getting along well with each other were significant factors associated with participants' anxiety and depression. Using critical path analysis, we observed that NPIs reduced human mobility, led to delayed bedtime, and increased smartphone use, which were associated with participants' mental distress. We also found that NPIs and COVID-19 were associated with people's perceptions of infection and the severity of COVID-19 and human mobility flexibility, which may further lead to mental distress. Our results also demonstrated that people with high education levels were vulnerable. These results provided important insights for designing appropriate interventions without generating deleterious impacts on people's mental health in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenchuan Yang
- Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianwei Huang
- Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mei-Po Kwan
- Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Future Cities, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Future Cities, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
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Qiu R, Guo Z, Wang X, Wang X, Cheng S, Zhu X. The Relationships between Effortful Control, Mind Wandering, and Mobile Phone Addiction Based on Network Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:140. [PMID: 38255028 PMCID: PMC10815513 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12020140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevailing mobile phone use brought the problem of addiction, which might cause negative consequences. Effortful control and mind wandering were associated with addictive behavior. The present study aimed to investigate the dimension-level relationships between effortful control, mind wandering, and mobile phone addiction. METHODS A total of 1684 participants participated this study. The mobile phone addiction, effortful control, and mind wandering were measured through self-report scales, respectively. Dimension-level network of these psychological variables was estimated and bridge expected influence (BEI) values for each node was calculated. RESULTS Dimensions of mobile phone addiction, effortful control, and mind wandering exhibited distinct and complex links to each other. The node "activation control" exhibited the highest negative BEI value (BEI = -0.32), whereas "spontaneous thinking" showed the highest positive BEI value (BEI = 0.20). CONCLUSIONS Different dimensions of effortful control and mind wandering had varied yet significant connections with distinct dimensions of mobile phone addiction, facilitating understanding of the specific pathways underlying the three constructs. The identified dominant bridge nodes can provide potential targets for the intervention of mobile phone addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xia Zhu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (R.Q.); (Z.G.); (X.W.); (X.W.); (S.C.)
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Wang W, Xu H, Li S, Jiang Z, Sun Y, Wan Y. The impact of problematic mobile phone use and the number of close friends on depression and anxiety symptoms among college students. Front Psychiatry 2024; 14:1281847. [PMID: 38260802 PMCID: PMC10800545 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1281847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Psychological problems often occur in college students, with the most common ones being depression and anxiety symptoms. Exploring the risk factors that influence depression and anxiety symptoms in college students is essential to promote their physical and mental health. Objective This study aimed to investigate the independent and interaction effects of problematic mobile phone use (PMPU) and the number of close friends (NCFs) on depression and anxiety symptoms and the comorbidity of these symptoms among college students. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Huainan, Anhui Province, and Suzhou, Jiangsu Province in China from October to December 2022. Data from 7,617 college students were collected. The Patient Health Questionnaire and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 were used to evaluate depression and anxiety symptoms. The PMPU data were collected by the Mobile Phone Addiction Type Scale. Multinomial logistic regression models were performed to examine the associations of PMPU and NCFs with depression and anxiety symptoms and their interaction effects. Results PMPU and lack of close friends significantly increased the risk of depression and anxiety symptoms and the comorbidity of these symptoms in college students (p < 0.001). In addition, the effects of PMPU and lack of close friends on depression and anxiety symptoms in college students were interactive (p < 0.001). No significant sex differences were found. Conclusion PMPU and lack of close friends are important risk factors for depression, anxiety, and the comorbidity of these symptoms in college students in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Chinical Medicine, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huiqiong Xu
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Anhui Medical College, Hefei, China
| | - Shuqin Li
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhicheng Jiang
- Public Health Department, Changfeng County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yanjun Sun
- Department of Chinical Medicine, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuhui Wan
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, Anhui, China
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King JD, McQuaid A, Leeson VC, Tella O, Crawford MJ. Characterising subgroups of people with severe COVID anxiety by latent profile analysis. J Affect Disord 2024; 344:115-121. [PMID: 37827258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with severe COVID anxiety have had experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic which are overwhelming, and have led to patterns of behaviours that add little protective benefit but are at the expense of other priorities in life. It appears to be a complex social and psychological phenomenon, influenced by demographic and social factors. Identifying subgroups of people with severe COVID anxiety would better place clinicians to assess and support this distress where indicated. METHODS Measurement tools assessing depression, generalised and health anxiety, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, personality difficulty and alcohol use from 284 people living in United Kingdom with severe COVID anxiety were explored with latent profile analysis. Further analyses examined the associations of identified clusters with demographic and social factors and daily functioning, quality of life and protective behaviours. RESULTS A model with 4 classes provided the best fit. Distinct patterns of psychopathology emerged which were variably associated with demographic factors and COVID behaviours. LIMITATIONS Given the complex aetiology of COVID anxiety a number of factors which might better cluster subgroups are likely to have gone uncollected. Moreover, using data collected at a single time-point limits these results' ability to conclude whether observed relationships were the product of the pandemic or longstanding. CONCLUSIONS People living with severe COVID anxiety are a heterogenous group. This analysis adds to evidence that certain health behaviours and demographic factors are inextricably linked to poor mental health in people with COVID anxiety, and that targeting health behaviours with specific intervention might be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D King
- Division of Psychiatry, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Aisling McQuaid
- Division of Psychiatry, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Verity C Leeson
- Division of Psychiatry, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Oluwaseun Tella
- Division of Psychiatry, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Mike J Crawford
- Division of Psychiatry, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
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12
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Chu Y, Xie Q, Meng R, Leng B, Cao Z. Evaluation of the Quality and Readability of Online Information about Alzheimer's Disease in China. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:667-678. [PMID: 38701143 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Background With the increasing popularity of the internet, a growing number of patients and their companions are actively seeking health-related information online. Objective The aim of this study was to assess the quality and readability of online information about Alzheimer's disease (AD) in China. Methods A total of 263 qualified AD-related web pages from different businesses, governments, and hospitals were obtained. The quality of the web pages was assessed using the DISCERN tool, and the readability of the web pages was assessed using a readability measurement website suitable for the Chinese language. The differences in readability and quality between different types of web pages were investigated, and the correlation between quality and readability was analyzed. Results The mean overall DISCERN score was 40.93±7.5. The government group scored significantly higher than the commercial and hospital groups. The mean readability score was 12.74±1.27, and the commercial group had the lowest readability score. There was a positive correlation between DISCERN scores and readability scores. Conclusions This study presents an evaluation of the quality and readability of health information pertaining to AD in China. The findings indicate that there is a need to enhance the quality and readability of web pages about AD in China. Recommendations for improvement are proposed in light of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yili Chu
- School of Humanistic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Social Governance, Philosophy and Social Sciences of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qihui Xie
- Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Rongrong Meng
- Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Bing Leng
- School of Humanistic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhenxiang Cao
- Hefei Advanced Research Institute, Anhui University of Finance and Economics, Hefei, Anhui, China
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13
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Popovich C, Grau AS, Shih CH, Chidiac NT, Zhou A, Wang X, Xie H. Changes in fear-associated learning task brain activation over the COVID-19 pandemic period: a preliminary longitudinal analysis. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1239697. [PMID: 38076693 PMCID: PMC10699136 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1239697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has had profound impacts on people worldwide. Previous studies have shown that fear learning, extinction, recall, and contextual information processing involve the activation of emotion and sensory brain systems, which can be modified. However, it remains unclear whether brain functions associated with these processes have been altered over the pandemic period. Methods We compared pre- and peri-pandemic brain activation during a fear-associated learning task (FALT) using previously collected data. The participants were divided into two groups: the pandemic group (n = 16), who completed a baseline FALT before the pandemic and repeated the task during the pandemic, and the non-pandemic group (n = 77), who completed both sessions before the pandemic began. Results Compared with the non-pandemic group, the pandemic group exhibited significant decreases in brain activation from baseline to follow-up assessments, including activation in the brainstem during early fear learning, the posterior thalamus/hippocampus during late extinction, and the occipital pole during late recall phases for contextual processing. Furthermore, activations associated with retrieving safety cues were reduced in the posterior cingulate, premotor, and calcarine cortices during the early recall phase, and activations associated with retrieving dangerous cues decreased in the occipital pole during the late recall phase. Additionally, correlations between decreased activation and elevated posttraumatic stress symptoms were observed. Conclusion These findings suggest that activations associated with processing low arousal contextual information, safety cues, and extinguished fear cues decreased during the pandemic. These changes in brain activation may have contributed to the increase in mental health disturbances observed during this time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Popovich
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Aaron S. Grau
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Chia-Hao Shih
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Neejad T. Chidiac
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Adrian Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Hong Xie
- Department of Neurosciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
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14
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Zhao S, Du H, Lin D, Wu Q, Li Q, Chi P. Role of self-esteem in the association between mindset of socioeconomic status and well-being: A cross-lagged panel analysis. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2023; 15:1336-1351. [PMID: 36882890 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
People who believe that their socioeconomic status (SES) can be changed-with growth mindset or incremental implicit theory of SES-tend to have better psychological well-being. Nevertheless, it remains unclear on why growth mindset of SES benefits well-being. The present research aims to answer this question by investigating the longitudinal associations between mindset of SES and well-being (i.e. depression and anxiety) and a potential mechanism (i.e. self-esteem). We recruited 600 adults in Guangzhou, China, as participants in this study. Participants completed a list of questionnaires containing measures of mindset of SES, self-esteem, depression, and anxiety at three time points over the course of 18 months. The cross-lagged panel model showed that individuals holding a growth mindset of SES reported significantly lower depression and anxiety 1 year later, but the effect was not sustained later. More importantly, self-esteem accounted for the associations of mindset of SES with both depression and anxiety, such that individuals with growth mindset of SES had higher self-esteem, and in turn, demonstrated lower depression and anxiety over 18 months. These findings deepen the understanding of the salutary effects of implicit theories of SES on psychological well-being. Implications for future research and mindset-related interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhao
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfei Du
- Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Danhua Lin
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Qinglu Wu
- Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Qianfeng Li
- School of Educational Science, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peilian Chi
- Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
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15
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Parlak Sert H, Başkale H. Students' increased time spent on social media, and their level of coronavirus anxiety during the pandemic, predict increased social media addiction. Health Info Libr J 2023; 40:262-274. [PMID: 35797092 PMCID: PMC9350299 DOI: 10.1111/hir.12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic period, the level of anxiety and the duration of social media use increased in university students. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the relationship between coronavirus anxiety and social media addiction in university students. METHODS The sample consisted of 346 university students in Turkey. The data were collected online using the Sociodemographic Data Form, the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale Short Form and the Social Network Addiction Scale. The data were analysed using one-way analysis of variance, Mann-Whitney U test, Pearson correlation analysis, chi-square analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS The results showed that the mean coronavirus anxiety score was higher in men than in women. Social media addiction increased as the daily time spent by the students on social media increased. A positive correlation was found between the daily time spent on social media before the pandemic and social media usage during the pandemic. It was concluded that students use social media more during the pandemic than before it and that social media addiction increases as the students' coronavirus anxiety increases. CONCLUSION It is important to plan initiatives to reduce coronavirus anxiety to prevent social media addiction in young people. STUDY LOCATION AND SAMPLE The research population consisted of 1st and 2nd year students who are studying in the Medical Services and Techniques Department of Vocational School of Health Services at a university located in the west of Turkey, during the Fall Term of academic year 2020-2021. Students in this department are studying in anaesthesia, dialysis, first and emergency aid, medical laboratory techniques, medical imaging technique, and medical documentation and secretarial programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Parlak Sert
- Denizli Healthcare Vocational SchoolPamukkale UniversityDenizliTurkey
| | - Hatice Başkale
- Faculty of Health SciencesPamukkale UniversityDenizliTurkey
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16
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Shek DTL, Chai W, Dou D, Tan L, Wong T, Zhou K. Socio-demographic and mental health correlates of internet addiction amongst Hong Kong university students under COVID-19. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1248378. [PMID: 37671110 PMCID: PMC10475566 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1248378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Regarding the problem of Internet addiction (IA) amongst university students under the pandemic, there are several research gaps. Firstly, few studies have examined IA of university students in Hong Kong, which is a Chinese society heavily influenced by Western values. In addition, findings on the socio-demographic correlates and psychological well-being predictors of IA in university students are unclear. Finally, researchers have not systematically examined the interaction effects of socio-demographic factors (particularly gender and personal infection of COVID-19) and psychological morbidity on IA. This pioneer study aimed to investigate the predictive role of socio-demographic factors and psychological morbidity in IA, and the moderating effects of gender and personal infection of COVID-19 on the relationship between psychological morbidity and IA. Methods We conducted an online survey (N = 1,020 university students) during the ending phase of Wave 5 of the pandemic in Hong Kong (late 2022 to early 2023). Socio-demographic correlates included age, gender, living status, personal and family financial situation, student status, personal and family infection of COVID-19. Participants responded to validated measures of psychological morbidity, including depression, suicidal behavior, and hopelessness. Hierarchical regression and simple slope analyses were used to examine the predictive role of socio-demographic variables and psychological morbidity in IA and the interactive effect of gender and personal infection of COVID-19 with psychological morbidity on IA. Results Personal financial difficulty was a significant socio-demographic predictor of IA. Depression, suicidal behavior, and hopelessness positively predicted IA. We also found a significant interaction effect of gender and psychological morbidity on IA. While the predictive relationship between depression and IA was stronger in males than in females, hopelessness was more strongly related to IA in females than in males. Finally, there was a significant interaction effect of personal infection of COVID-19 and suicidal behavior on IA. Conclusion Personal financial difficulty was a socio-economic correlate of IA. Psychological morbidity also predicted IA. Gender and personal infection of COVID-19 moderated the linkage between psychological morbidity and IA. The findings of the study enhance our understanding of individual differences in IA in university students during the pandemic, particularly concerning different ecological risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T. L. Shek
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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17
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Chen H, Zhang HX. COVID-19 victimization experience and university students' smartphone addiction: the mediating role of emotional intelligence. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1410. [PMID: 37481541 PMCID: PMC10362569 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16355-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES During the post-COVID-19 era, everyone has the risk of contracting the virus and becoming the victims of COVID-19. Examining the relationship between the COVID-19 victimization experience and its effects is more urgent. The aim of present study is to propose a mediation model to investigate the association between COVID-19 victimization experience and smartphone addiction, and the mediating role of emotional intelligence. METHODS A online questionnaire including the COVID-19 Victimization Experience Scale, the Smartphone Addiction Scale, and the Emotional Intelligence Scale among Chinese university students, were employed in this study. Finally, 1154 valid questionnaires were collected. The reliability and confirmatory factor analysis results showed that all three scales had good reliability and validity. RESULTS Structural Equation Model (SEM) demonstrated that COVID-19 victimization experience significantly predicted smartphone addiction in university students, and emotional intelligence partially mediated the association between COVID-19 victimization experience and smartphone addiction. Bootstrap results furthermore tested the rigor of the mediating effect. CONCLUSION COVID-19 victimization experience was a important variables in predicting university students's martphone addiction, and emotional intelligence was a protective factor in decreasing the negative effect of COVID-19 victimization experience on addictive behaviors. It is suggested that instructors should integrate emotional intelligence training programs into mental health courses so as to improve students' emotional intelligence ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Chen
- School of Marxism, Zhoukou Normal University, 466001 Wenchang Road, Zhoukou City, Henan Province, China
- Institute for Public Health, Zhoukou Normal University, 466001 Wenchang Road, Zhoukou City, Henan Province, China
| | - Hong-Xin Zhang
- School of Marxism, Zhoukou Normal University, 466001 Wenchang Road, Zhoukou City, Henan Province, China.
- Institute for Public Health, Zhoukou Normal University, 466001 Wenchang Road, Zhoukou City, Henan Province, China.
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18
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Feng C, Wu AMS, Yu K, Zhao W, Xu JK. Associations of Death Anxiety, Inclusion of Smartphone in the Self, and Affiliation Motivation with Smartphone use and Addiction: A Multiple Mediation Study. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2023:302228231189634. [PMID: 37477633 DOI: 10.1177/00302228231189634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
This study is the first to apply terror management theory to understanding smartphone addiction by examining the potential indirect effect of death anxiety on smartphone addiction via inclusion of smartphone in the self (i.e., self-expansion), affiliation motivation (the desire to connect with others) for emotional support, and smartphone use. The sample consisted of 1483 Chinese university students between the ages of 18 and 24 (M = 19.14, SD = 1.03) who voluntarily completed an anonymous questionnaire survey. As hypothesized, death anxiety, inclusion of smartphone in the self, affiliation motivation, and smartphone use were directly, positively correlated with smartphone addiction. In addition, death anxiety exerted significant indirect effects via various pathways, including (i) affiliation motivation for emotional support and smartphone use and (ii) inclusion of smartphone in the self and smartphone use. Findings suggest that effective interventions for smartphone addiction should include targeting death anxiety, self-expansion, and affiliation need frustration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Feng
- Department of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Law, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Anise M S Wu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Ke Yu
- Department of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Law, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Department of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Law, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Ji-Kang Xu
- Student Affairs Office, School of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
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19
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Romero-Gonzalez B, Lozano-Ruiz A, Puertas-Gonzalez JA, Mariño-Narvaez C, Peralta-Ramirez MI. Symptoms of Anxiety in Mothers During the COVID-19 Lockdown: A Structural Equation Model Approach. JOURNAL OF FAMILY ISSUES 2023; 44:1756-1772. [PMID: 37293432 PMCID: PMC10240295 DOI: 10.1177/0192513x211064861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 global pandemic has forced millions of people to stay confined at home, increasing symptoms of anxiety and stress levels. Women who are also mothers, for their part, not only face the demands of motherhood but must combine working life with family life locked down in their homes. Main objective was to develop an explanatory model of the psychological consequences of COVID-19 and parental and perceived stress in mothers. A total of 261 mothers were evaluated coinciding with the lockdown imposed by the Spanish Government. The model displayed adequate indices and it was found that symptoms of anxiety in mothers increased the levels of perceived stress. The model allows to understand the close relationships between the psychological consequences of lockdown and stress in mothers. Understanding these relationships will help to prepare and direct psychological interventions in this population in the case of a possible new surge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Romero-Gonzalez
- Psychology Department, Faculty of Education, Campus Duques de Soria, University of Valladolid, Soria, Spain
| | | | - Jose A. Puertas-Gonzalez
- Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment Department, Faculty of Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Maria Isabel Peralta-Ramirez
- Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment Department, Faculty of Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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20
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Yildiz GN, Kaya A, Çiftçi B, Yildiz Ö, Körkoca H. A study of health literacy and social media use of the students on vaccine preferences during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. Indian J Public Health 2023; 67:387-392. [PMID: 37929380 DOI: 10.4103/ijph.ijph_1641_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is unknown if health-care literacy and social media use of the students affect vaccine preferences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objectives The aim of the present research was to detect whether health-care literacy and social media use of the students affect vaccine preferences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods The universe of the sample consisted of the students of a university in Mus Alparslan University. The sample of the research included students whose last digit of the school number is an odd number. Four hundred and twenty students participated into the study. The data of the study were collected through the "Sociodemographic Characteristics Questionnaire," "Health Literacy Scale (HLS)," and "Social Media Usage Scale (SMUS)." Results The total score average of the students on the "HLS" was 42.74 ± 13.85 and the "SMUS" was 21.30 ± 7.38. It was determined that those who have preferred the "Sinovac" vaccine had higher score averages on the "Information Understanding Subdimension" and "HLS" than those who have preferred the Türkovac vaccine. Furthermore, it was determined that the score average of "Continuity Subdimension," "Competency Subdimension" and "Social Media Use Scale" were higher, and these differences were statistically significant. Conclusion It was detected that the health literacy (HL) levels of the students were lower and they do not use social media competently. On the other hand, it was determined that social media use and HL affect the vaccine preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Güzel Nur Yildiz
- Lecturer, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, AMus Alparslan University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Abdulsamed Kaya
- Lecturer, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, AMus Alparslan University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Bahar Çiftçi
- Assistant Professor, Faculty of Nursing, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Özgür Yildiz
- Nurse, Department of Nursing, Mus Alparslan University, Mus, Turkey
| | - Hanifi Körkoca
- Associate Professor, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Nigde Ömer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Turkey
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21
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Vicent M, Suriá R, Gonzálvez C, Aparicio-Flores MDP, Sanmartín R, García-Fernández JM. Emotional Profiles of Anxiety, Depression, and Stress: Differences in School Anxiety. Psychol Rep 2023:332941231184384. [PMID: 37328429 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231184384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aims to confirm the existence of profiles according to the combinations of anxiety, depression, and stress, and looks to examine the differences between profiles according to the mean scores obtained in school anxiety. METHODS A total of 1,234 Spanish students at the secondary education level with an age range of 13-16 years old (M = 14.52; SD = 1.24) participated in the study by completing the abbreviated version of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and the School Anxiety Inventory. RESULTS The results showed positive, statistically significant, and moderate-sized correlations between all the variables analyzed. The Latent Profile Analysis identified four distinct profiles of depression, anxiety, and stress: Low DAS, Moderate DAS, High DAS, and Very High DAS. The results of the MANOVA showed statistically significant differences between these profiles regarding the school anxiety dimensions, with the profiles Very High DAS and Low DAS being the ones that reported, respectively, the highest and lowest levels in all the school anxiety components. Post hoc analyses revealed significant differences for the large part of profile comparisons, with there being large and moderate differences observed in the majority of cases (d = .30 and 1.66). CONCLUSIONS The results show the importance of considering social anxiety as a construct that is strongly associated with emotional problems such as depression, anxiety, and stress when developing effective actions to detect them and intervene with adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Vicent
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Teaching, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Raquel Suriá
- Department of Communication and Social Psychology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Carolina Gonzálvez
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Teaching, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Ricardo Sanmartín
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Teaching, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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22
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Liu TW, Wong SSS, Pang RCK, Lee LYK. Adapting the COVID Stress Scale (CSS) to investigate the level of stress among Hong Kong Chinese people 1 year after the COVID-19 pandemic. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2023; 44:93-100. [PMID: 37197869 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress is a crucial driver that affects hygiene behavior. The Hong Kong population lacks a COVID-19 or pandemic related stress measure investigating the COVID-19 related stress after one year of outbreak. DESIGN AND METHODS The original COVID Stress Scale (CSS) was translated and culturally adapted into the Chinese (Cantonese) version (CSS-C). Six hundred and twenty-four participants were recruited from the general public to examine the internal consistency, and concurrent and convergent validity of the CSS-C. The test-retest reliability of CSS-C was examined using 39 university students. RESULTS People with old age, women, single, low educational level and borderline and abnormal levels of anxiety and depression were likely to perceive high level of COVID-19 related stress. All CSS-C subscales demonstrated good internal consistency, moderate to good test-retest reliability, and weak to moderate correlations with various mental health-related measures. DISCUSSION The CSS could help monitor the stress associated the current and potential future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai Wa Liu
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Ho Man Tin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Sarah Suet Shan Wong
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Ho Man Tin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Rebecca Cho Kwan Pang
- School of Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Linda Yin King Lee
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Ho Man Tin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
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23
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Rowicka M. Generalised anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and their subjective change after the first wave of COVID-19 among gamers in Poland. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16894. [PMID: 37287608 PMCID: PMC10234366 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that levels of emotional distress were considerably elevated during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, some longitudinal studies did not confirm these findings. There is a very limited number of studies on specific subpopulations, such as video gamers in this particular period. Playing video games may have either a beneficial influence on mental health by diminishing stress or a detrimental impact in terms of increasing depression and anxiety. It is, therefore, important to establish whether regular gamers differ from the general population in terms of symptoms of depression and anxiety during COVID-19. A total of 1023 participants (aged 18-50) participated in the study. The sample was composed of gamers and was representative of the Polish population. Participants completed a modified version of GAD-7, PHQ-9 online, addressing subjective change in anxiety and depressive symptoms. 25% of the sample reported clinically significant anxiety levels, and 35% mentioned depression. There were no differences in anxiety and depression levels between the investigated sample of gamers and the general population. However, up to 30% of individuals reported an increase in subjective change in anxiety or depressive symptoms during COVID-19. A further 30% reported a downward subjective change in anxiety or depressive symptoms during COVID-19. The remaining 40% declared a lack of change in the subjective change in anxiety or depressive symptoms during COVID-19. Those who reported an increase scored substantially higher in anxiety and depression than other groups. This indicates that the COVID-19 pandemic may have impacted people's mental health along a syndemic-syndaimonic continuum. COVID-19 might have been harmful to those with already poorer mental health and beneficial to those with good mental health. It is also important to plan interventions targeting vulnerable individuals who report clinically significant levels of anxiety and depression - women and younger adults and those who subjectively perceive their emotional condition to deteriorate during the COVID-19 lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Rowicka
- Maria Grzegorzewska University, Institute of Psychology, Szczesliwicka 40, 02-353 Warsaw, Poland
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Zhang X, Liu Y, Qin Z, Ye Z, Meng F. Understanding the role of social media usage and health self-efficacy in the processing of COVID-19 rumors: A SOR perspective. DATA AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT 2023; 7:100043. [PMID: 37304677 PMCID: PMC10229203 DOI: 10.1016/j.dim.2023.100043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Apart from the direct health and behavioral influence of the COVID-19 pandemic itself, COVID-19 rumors as an infodemic enormously amplified public anxiety and cause serious outcomes. Although factors influencing such rumors propagation have been widely studied by previous studies, the role of spatial factors (e.g., proximity to the pandemic) on individuals' response regarding COVID-19 rumors remain largely unexplored. Accordingly, this study, drawing on the stimulus-organism-response (SOR) framework, examined how proximity to the pandemic (stimulus) influences anxiety (organism), which in turn determines rumor beliefs and rumor outcomes (response). Further, the contingent role of social media usage and health self-efficacy were tested. The research model was tested using 1246 samples via an online survey during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. The results indicate that: (1)The proximity closer the public is to the pandemic, the higher their perceived anxiety; (2) Anxiety increases rumor beliefs, which is further positively associated rumor outcomes; (3) When the level of social media usage is high, the relationship between proximity to the pandemic and anxiety is strengthened; (4) When the level of health self-efficacy is high, the effect of anxiety on rumor beliefs is strengthened and the effect of rumor beliefs on rumor outcomes is also strengthened. This study provides a better understanding of the underlying mechanism of the propagation of COVID-19 rumors from a SOR perspective. Additionally, this paper is one of the first that proposes and empirically verifies the contingent role of social media usage and health self-efficacy on the SOR framework. The findings of study can assist the pandemic prevention department in to efficiently manage rumors with the aim of alleviating public anxiety and avoiding negative outcomes cause by rumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yixuan Liu
- Business School, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziru Qin
- Business School, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zilin Ye
- Business School, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fanbo Meng
- School of Business, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Chun J, Lee HK, Jeon H, Kim J, Lee S. Impact of COVID-19 on Adolescents' Smartphone Addiction in South Korea. SOCIAL WORK IN PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 38:268-280. [PMID: 36227775 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2022.2134252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 impacted numerous people globally, but most notably affected adolescents negatively by contributing to the increase in their use of media and smartphones and therefore their susceptibility to smartphone addiction. Based on the social-ecological model, this study seeks to identify the individual-, family-, and school-level factors of smartphone addiction through two groups of users: a first group whose smartphone usage time increased after the outbreak of COVID-19, and a second group whose usage time did not. Based on the data collected from 360 Korean adolescents aged 15 to 18, results reveal that personal-level factors (i.e., gender, depressive symptoms, self-control, and cyberbullying victimization) are associated with smartphone addiction. For the group whose smartphone usage time increased after the outbreak, economic status, academic performance, and academic year were related to smartphone addiction. Based on these findings, the study makes specific guidelines and suggestions on addressing the smartphone addiction among Korean adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- JongSerl Chun
- Department of Social Welfare, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Kook Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - HyeSook Jeon
- Department of Social Welfare, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyung Kim
- Department of Social Welfare, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Serim Lee
- Department of Social Welfare, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Yang T, He Y, He C, Yang Y, Wu L, Wei B, Dong R, Yang M, Pu Z, Wang S, Li J, Xu T, Liu X, Wu S. The relationship between anxiety and internet gaming disorder in children during COVID-19 lockdown: a network analysis. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1144413. [PMID: 37265552 PMCID: PMC10229880 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1144413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Internet gaming disorder (IGD) has become a social problem in children. Evidence from previous studies has proven that anxiety is associated with IGD. However, IGD was always assessed as a whole based on total scores, and the fine-grained relationship between anxiety and IGD was hidden. Objective The present study aims to investigate the fine-grained relationship between anxiety and IGD in elementary school students during the COVID-19 lockdown, and to identify potential targets for psychological interventions. Methods During the lockdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, 667 children from a primary school in China were investigated by the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale-Short Version and Internet Gaming Disorder Scale. R4.1.1 software was used to construct a network model, assess bridge centrality, and test the robustness of the network and conduct a network. Results There were 23 cross-community edges (weight ranged from -0.03 to 0.12), and each node of anxiety was connected to different nodes of IGD. The nodes with the top 80th percentile bridge expected influence were A2 "social phobia" (0.20), A3 "panic disorder" (0.21) and IGD5 "escape" (0.22). The robustness of the network was acceptable. Conclusion From the perspective of network analysis, the present study explored the correlation pathways between anxiety and IGD in children and identified social phobia and panic disorder as the best targets for intervention to reduce IGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Yang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yang He
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chunyan He
- Department of Nursing, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yueqi Yang
- Xiong’an Rongxi Linquan Primary School, Xiong’an New Area, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Bin Wei
- Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ruina Dong
- Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Mengyuan Yang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhaojun Pu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Saiming Wang
- The First Primary School of Fuliang County, Jingdezhen, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Psychology Section, Secondary Sanatorium of Air Force Healthcare Center for Special Services, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xufeng Liu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shengjun Wu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
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Xue Y, Xue B, Zheng X, Shi L, Liang P, Xiao S, Dong F, Zhang J, Chen Y, Liu Y, Qin Z, Zhang C. Associations between internet addiction and psychological problems among adolescents: description and possible explanations. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1097331. [PMID: 37255516 PMCID: PMC10226521 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1097331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Internet addiction (IA) is becoming a significant public health issue that requires urgent attention, especially for adolescents. Previous studies mainly focused on the risk factors of Internet addiction and drawn some conclusions. The purpose of this study is to investigate the Internet addiction status and concurrent psychological problems in adolescent groups, and explore the differences in the relationship between IA and psychological problems in adolescents from gender and grade. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among students of junior and senior high school in 21 prefecture-level cities of Guangdong Province. The Young Diagnostic Questionnaire (YDQ) and the validated Chinese version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) were used to assess participants' Internet addiction and psychological status. Two-way ANOVA was used to verify the interaction between gender and Internet addiction, grade and Internet addiction on psychological problems. When the interaction was statistically significant, simple effect analysis was further carried out. Results The prevalence of problematic Internet use (PIU), depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among adolescents were 16.32%, 30.16%, 35.97% and 18.80% respectively. Although the prevalence of PIU among boys (17.89%) was higher than that of girls (14.86%), girls in PIU group had the highest scores of depression, anxiety and stress. Similarly, the interaction between grade and Internet addiction was also significant (p < 0.05). Although the prevalence of PIU was the highest in grade 9 (17.29%), the adverse effects of Internet addiction on psychological problems were different in different grades. Discussion Internet addiction was prevalent among adolescents in Guangdong province, and psychological problems also cannot be ignored. Thus, this study suggests that long-term follow-ups should be included in mental health programs of adolescents to monitor the development of Internet addiction and psychological problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Xue
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Benli Xue
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Department of Health Management, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Shi
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pengyan Liang
- Health Publicity and Education Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shujuan Xiao
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang Dong
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiachi Zhang
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaguang Chen
- Health Education Center of Maoming City, Maoming, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuxi Liu
- School of Humanities and Management, Institute for Health Law and Policy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Zuguo Qin
- Health Publicity and Education Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chichen Zhang
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Health Management, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Büyükyılmaz G, Toksoy Adıgüzel K, Koca SB. Comparison of internet usage and internet addiction scores in healthy children and children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2023; 36:435-440. [PMID: 37013724 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2022-0640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Internet, an integral part of modern life, can lead to internet addiction, which negatively affects academic performance, family relationships, and emotional development. This study aimed to evaluate the Internet addiction scores (IAS) during COVID-19 in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) compared with healthy controls. METHODS Children with T1DM and healthy controls aged 8-18, were evaluated with the Parent-Child Internet Addiction Test (PCIAT20). Internet addiction scores of the participants were assessed. The relationship between diabetes duration, mean HbA1c level and IAS were also examined in children with T1DM. RESULTS The study included 139 patients with T1DM and 273 controls. The IAS were significantly lower in patients compared with controls (25.28 ± 15.52 vs. 29.69 ± 19.08, p=0.019). There was a weak negative correlation between the duration of diabetes and IAS in children with diabetes (r=-0.21, p=0.021). There was no significant association between IAS and mean HbA1c (r=0.14, p=0.128) or age (r=0.08, p=0.115). Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference in IAS between children with well-controlled diabetes (n: 17) and those with poorly-controlled diabetes (n: 122) (IAS: 27.1 ± 17.2; 24.8 ± 15.5, p=0.672, respectively). CONCLUSION Internet addiction scores were lower in patients with T1DM compared with their healthy peers. Unlike previous studies reporting an increase in problematic internet use, the results of the present study did not confirm internet use as a real challenge in front of the diabetes management for the majority of children with T1DM. This result may be attributed to the important role played by families in the management of T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gönül Büyükyılmaz
- Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Cankaya, Türkiye
| | - Keziban Toksoy Adıgüzel
- Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Cankaya, Türkiye
| | - Serkan Bilge Koca
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Health Sciences University, Kayseri City Hospital, Kayseri, Türkiye
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Hao Z, Jin L, Huang J. Offline and online basic need satisfaction and smartphone use behaviors: A mediation model. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 161:99-105. [PMID: 36917869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Based on the self-determination theory, this study compared the offline and online need satisfaction during the COVID-19 period and investigated how the fulfilment experienced in the different settings affected an individual's smartphone use outcomes. 546 Chinese undergraduate students participated in the study and were measured with their levels of offline and online basic need satisfaction, smartphone use patterns, and problematic smartphone use. The results showed that offline basic need satisfaction negatively predicted problematic smartphone use via the information seeking pattern, whereas online basic need satisfaction positively predicted problematic smartphone use via the use patterns of transaction and entertainment. Our study expands the research scope of the pertinent topic and pinpoints the mechanism between the basic need satisfaction and problematic smartphone use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejun Hao
- Institute of Foreign Languages, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Liangyi Jin
- Shenyang Women's and Children's Hospital, No.87 Danan Street, Shenhe District, 110011, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Jinzi Huang
- Liaoning National Normal College, No. 45, Chongshan East Road, Huanggu District, 110032, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
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Ge J, Liu Y, Zhang A, Shu T. The relationship between anxiety and smartphone addiction in the context of Covid-19: The mediating effect of attentional control and executive dysfunction. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13273. [PMID: 36743853 PMCID: PMC9886567 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the context of Covid-19, the present study examined the relationship between anxiety and smartphone addiction and tested the mediation role of attentional control and executive dysfunction. Four hundred and twenty-one Chinese undergraduate students completed anxiety, attentional control, executive dysfunction, and smartphone addiction measures. The findings of correlation analysis indicated that anxiety was negatively associated with attentional control, and positively with executive dysfunction and smartphone addiction. The results of structural equation model showed that attentional control and executive dysfunction played a mediation role between anxiety and smartphone addiction in series. Moreover, anxiety did not directly predict smartphone addiction in the final model including attentional control and executive dysfunction as mediators, suggesting that attentional control and executive dysfunction were full mediators in the relation between anxiety and smartphone addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Ge
- School of Educational Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Psychology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Ya Liu
- School of Educational Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Psychology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Anbang Zhang
- School of Educational Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Psychology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Tengyou Shu
- School of Educational Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Psychology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
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31
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Shutzman B, Gershy N. Children's excessive digital media use, mental health problems and the protective role of parenting during COVID-19. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2023; 139:107559. [PMID: 36405875 PMCID: PMC9650221 DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19's outbreak in March 2020 and the social distancing measures that followed it changed the lives of children worldwide. Studies assessing the pandemic's implications for children have reported an alarming increase in the use of digital media (DM) and warned of its adverse impacts on children's functioning and development. The current study aimed to assess the relationship between excessive and problematic DM use and emotional, behavioral, and academic functioning among Israeli adolescents during COVID-19 and to identify adolescents at elevated risk of developing problematic DM use. Three hundred forty-seven Israeli parent-child dyads (M age = 11.81, SD = 1.41) separately completed measures assessing children's DM use (time and addiction), functioning (academic, social, emotional, and behavioral), behavioral dysregulation, and the parents' parenting practices. The results showed that DM addiction, but not DM use, was related to children's emotional, behavioral, and academic difficulties. Moreover, the results indicated that negative parenting and behavioral dysregulation increased the risk of DM addiction, which in turn increased emotional, behavioral, and academic difficulties. The results underscored parents' role in preventing problematic DM use and highlighted the need to treat DM use and problematic DM use as distinct constructs.
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Zirui M, Bin G. A Privacy-Preserved and User Self-Governance Blockchain-Based Framework to Combat COVID-19 Depression in Social Media. IEEE ACCESS 2023; 11:35255-35280. [DOI: 10.1109/access.2023.3264598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ma Zirui
- Department of Electronic Business, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gu Bin
- Department of Electronic Business, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Yam FC, Korkmaz O, Griffiths MD. The association between fear of Covid-19 and smartphone addiction among individuals: the mediating and moderating role of cyberchondria severity. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 42:2377-2390. [PMID: 34690474 PMCID: PMC8527295 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02324-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has quickly spread all over the world and has contributed to psychological consequences including fear of the virus. Depending upon the severity of their problems, individuals often search the internet via their mobile devices to understand whether the symptoms they perceive are symptoms of the disease. This condition has been termed 'cyberchondria'. In this context, the aim of this study is examine the mediating and moderating role of cyberchondria severity in the association between smartphone addiction and the fear of COVID-19. The sample comprised 520 participants (335 females [64.4%], 185 males [35.6%] aged 17 to 65 years [Mean = 28.61 years, SD = 10.60]). A survey included the Cyberchondria Severity Scale Short-Form, The Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version, and The Fear of COVID-19 Scale. Structural equation modeling and SPSS Process Macro moderator variable analysis were used to test the research model. The study found a positive association between smartphone addiction, fear of COVID-19, and cyberchondria severity. Cyberchondria severity had both moderating and mediating role in the association between smartphone addiction and the fear of COVID-19. In conclusion, it has been determined that during the COVID-19 pandemic, cyberchondria severity has negative effects on individuals' fear of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faruk Caner Yam
- Justice Vocational School, Gazisomanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Ozan Korkmaz
- Faculty of Education, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey
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Internet and Video Games: Causes of Behavioral Disorders in Children and Teenagers. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 10:children10010086. [PMID: 36670637 PMCID: PMC9856521 DOI: 10.3390/children10010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Even though video games have been present among children for many years, children are using them more continuously and in an abusive and indiscriminate way nowadays because of the "technological boom". It is affecting the behavior of children and adolescents. This is the reason why we are carrying out this systematic review. The main objective of this article is to investigate literature that directly connects the continuous and undifferentiated use of video games with the emergence of behavioral disorders in children and young people. The PRISMA statement was followed in the process of this article. We used SCOPUS, Web of Science and PubMed as databases, moreover, we searched studies with a scoping review. The results indisputably supported six out of seven of our hypotheses. We find that the excessive use of video games causes addiction to technology, aggressive behaviors, sleep disorders, and poor school performance. In addition, it hinders social relationships and the development of emotional intelligence. To conclude, it is necessary to correctly use video games in particular, and technologies in general, adapting their content to children's age, as well as the amount of time that they dedicate to use them.
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Pei YP, Li HC, Zhong JW, Gao XL, Xiao CQ, Yue Y, Xiong X. The association between problematic smartphone use and the severity of temporomandibular disorders: A cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1042147. [PMID: 36620264 PMCID: PMC9816394 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1042147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the prevalence of different types of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) symptoms in young adults and determine their associations with problematic smartphone use (PSU). Methods The data of the study were collected from local university students through an online questionnaire survey. Demographic information, Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI), Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV), and Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) responses were gathered electronically and analyzed using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results There were 163 male and 307 female respondents were participated in this study. The prevalence of PSU and TMD were 83.6% and 66.4%, respectively. There was a moderate statistical correlation between PSU and TMD among young adults (r = 0.31, p < 0.01). The logistic regression model revealed that the risk of TMD was 1.77 times higher in people with PSU than in those without PSU (OR = 1.77; 95% CI 1.04-3.06). PSU is a risk factor for pain-related TMD (OR = 1.81; 95% CI 1.08-3.04) but not intra-articular TMD. Conclusion Subjects showed high prevalence of both TMD and PSU. People with PSU experienced more severe and frequent pain-related rather than intra-articular TMD symptoms than those without PSU. By reducing the problematic smartphone use, the risk factor of TMD might be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Peng Pei
- Department of Orthodontics, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Han-Chao Li
- Department of Orthodontics, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia-Wei Zhong
- Department of Orthodontics, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin-Lin Gao
- Department of Orthodontics, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chu-Qiao Xiao
- Department of Orthodontics, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Yue
- Department of Prosthodontics, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Xiong
- Department of Orthodontics, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Mavragani A, Eysenbach G, Yip J, Shi Q, Peng L, Lei QE, Ren Z. The Relationship Between Physical Activity and Mobile Phone Addiction Among Adolescents and Young Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2022; 8:e41606. [PMID: 36515994 PMCID: PMC9798266 DOI: 10.2196/41606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported a potential negative correlation between physical activity (PA) and mobile phone addiction (MPA) among adolescents and young adults. To date, the strength of this correlation has not been well characterized. OBJECTIVE This review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize available empirical studies to examine the correlations between PA and MPA among adolescents and young adults. We also explored several potential moderators, including time of data collection, country or region, and type of population, associated with the relationship between PA and MPA. METHODS Four electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Web of Science) were searched from database inception to March 2022 to identify relevant studies. The pooled Pearson correlation coefficients and their corresponding 95% CIs for the relationship between PA and MPA were calculated using the inverse variance method. The methodological quality of the included cross-sectional studies was determined based on the Joanna Briggs Institute appraisal checklist. The study conformed to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses) guidelines. RESULTS In total, 892 relevant articles were identified, of which 22 were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The final meta-analysis included 17 of the 22 studies. Results of random effects modeling revealed a moderate correlation between PA and MPA among adolescents and young adults (summary r=-0.243, P<.001). Sensitivity and publication bias analyses further demonstrated the robustness of our results. All the included studies were scored as high quality with a low risk of bias. Subgroup analysis further indicated that none of the hypothesized moderators (time of data collection, country or region, and type of population) significantly affected the relationship between PA and MPA, as confirmed by the mixed effects analysis. In addition, in the data collection subgroups, medium effect sizes were obtained for data collected before COVID-19 (r=-0.333, P<.001) and data collected during COVID-19 (r=-0.207, P<.001). In subgroup analyses for country or region, the correlation coefficient for China and other developing regions showed a similarly moderate effect size (r=-0.201, P<.001 and r= -0.217, P<.001, respectively). However, the effect sizes for developed regions were not significant (r=-0.446, P=.39). In a subgroup analysis based on the type of population, we found that the effect size for young adults was moderate (r=-0.250, P<.001). However, that of adolescents was not significant (r=-0.129, P=.24). CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate a moderately negative relationship between PA and MPA among young adults. The strength of this relationship was not influenced by the time of data collection, country or region, or type of population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joanne Yip
- School of Fashion and Textiles, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiuqiong Shi
- School of Fashion and Textiles, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Peng
- College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiwen Emma Lei
- School of Fashion and Textiles, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhanbing Ren
- College of Physical Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Lin Y, Zhou X. Bedtime smartphone use and academic performance: A longitudinal analysis from the stressor-strain-outcome perspective. COMPUTERS AND EDUCATION OPEN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.caeo.2022.100110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Suryanto A, Fitriati R, Natalia SI, Oktariani A, Munawaroh M, Nurdin N, AHN YH. Study of working from home: the impact of ICT anxiety and smartphone addiction on lecturers at NIPA School of Administration on job performance. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11980. [PMID: 36506378 PMCID: PMC9722629 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted on the working system, shifting working from office (WFO) into working from home (WFH) practice that requires employees to be skillful in using technology to support their work activities. However, this condition can affect job performance. This study aims to analyze the impact of ICT anxiety and smartphone addiction on job performance of all lecturers at NIPA School of Administration (Jakarta, Bandung, and Makassar). This study applied a quantitative method with a total sampling technique and conducted a survey on 135 respondents using an online questionnaire. Furthermore, this study employed job demands and resources theory as well as PLS-SEM to analyze five variables (ICT anxiety, smartphone addiction, interruption, job efficacy, and job performance) and to test seven hypotheses. The findings show that there is a positive relationship between ICT anxiety and interruption while interruption has negative influences on job efficacy and job performance. Therefore, this study recommends the facilitation of knowledge sharing related to ICT competence or literacy. In addition, NIPA should improve the security guarantees of the intellectual rights of the lecturers in relation to the choice of technology and integrate the demands of ICT needs with administrative-technical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Suryanto
- National Institute of Public Administration, Indonesia
| | - Rachma Fitriati
- Universitas Indonesia, Faculty of Administrative Science, Indonesia
| | | | | | - M. Munawaroh
- Jakarta State University, Faculty of Economy, Indonesia
| | | | - Young-hoon AHN
- The Presidential Committee on Autonomy and Decentralization, Republic of Korea
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Marciano L, Viswanath K, Morese R, Camerini AL. Screen time and adolescents' mental health before and after the COVID-19 lockdown in Switzerland: A natural experiment. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:981881. [PMID: 36465307 PMCID: PMC9709147 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.981881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During the COVID-19 lockdown in 2020, adolescents' mental health was largely undermined. A general increment in screen time was reported. However, the long-term effects of the latter on adolescents' mental health are still little explored. Methods In the present natural experiment, we investigated these effects using longitudinal data collected before and after the first lockdown in Switzerland. Data come from 674 Swiss adolescents (56.7% females, Mage = 14.45, SDage = 0.50) during Spring 2019 (T1) and Autumn 2020 (T2) as part of the longitudinal MEDIATICINO study. Self-reported mental health measures included somatic symptoms, inattention, anxiety, irritability, anger, sleep problems, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, loneliness, and depression. Measures for screen-media activities included time spent on the Internet, smartphones, social media, video gaming, instant messaging, and television viewing. They were all assessed at T1 and T2. Results Paired-sample t-tests with Bonferroni's correction showed that most mental health problems increased over time with an overall medium effect size (Hedge's g = 0.337). In particular, medium effect sizes were found for anxiety, depression, and inattention; small-to-medium effect sizes were reported for loneliness, sleep problems, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms; and a small effect size was found for somatic symptoms. Screen-media activities increased, with the exception of television viewing and video gaming. The results of the hierarchical regression analyses showed that, controlling for covariates, increased time spent on social media - calculated as the difference between T2 and T1 - was the only screen-media activity significantly associated with worse mental health at T2 (β = 0.112, p = 0.016). More time spent in structured media activities like television viewing diminished levels of inattention (β = -0.091, p = 0.021) and anxiety (β = -0.093, p = 0.014). Among covariates, being female, experiencing two or more life events, having mental health problems at T1, and using screens for homeschooling negatively influenced mental health at T2. Conclusion These results align with literature indicating a small but negative effect of social media time on mental health. Underlying mechanisms are manifold, including increased exposure to COVID-19 news, heightened fear of missing out, social comparison, and time-displaced for activities such as physical activity and green time. However, in line with the structured days hypothesis, getting involved in media-structured activities like television viewing might protect against mental health symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marciano
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kasisomayajula Viswanath
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rosalba Morese
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Faculty of Communication, Culture and Society, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Linda Camerini
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Institute of Public Health, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
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Alphonsus KB, Abayateye F. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals with generalized anxiety disorder: assessing COVID-19 media source exposure and behaviour changes. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2062. [DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14510-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic that has resulted in social distancing, lockdowns, and increase in media posts has taken a toll on the mental health of many people especially those living with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). The main objective of this study is to understand whether the source of information people use to receive information about COVID-19 and increase or decrease in personal weekly habits during the pandemic were associated with severity of GAD.
Methods
This study was a cross sectional design and was based on data from Canada. The Canadian Perspective Survey Series (CPSS) 4, 2020: Information Sourced Consulted During the Pandemic was used for the study. The outcome variable was severity of GAD. Multivariate logistic regression was carried out using STATA IC 13.
Results
Severity of GAD was significantly associated with being a female, the type of information source used to find out about COVID-19 and change in weekly habits (consuming alcohol, consuming cannabis spending time on the internet and eating junk foods or sweets).
Conclusion
The results indicate that getting information from credible sources about the pandemic, staying connected with family and friends, seeking virtual mental health services, and learning positive coping strategies can help reduce the severity of GAD.
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Chen IH, Chen HP, Gamble JH, Liao XL, Chen XM, Yang YTC, Pakpour AH, Griffiths MD, Lin CY. Evaluating a cross-lagged panel model between problematic internet use and psychological distress and cross-level mediation of school administrator support on problematic internet use: The serial mediating role of psychological needs thwarting of online teaching and psychological distress. Front Public Health 2022; 10:987366. [PMID: 36407990 PMCID: PMC9667893 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.987366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To reduce the transmission of COVID-19, many teachers across the globe, including teachers in China, were required to teach online. This shift to online teaching can easily result in psychological need thwarting (PNT) of teachers' psychological basic needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness), leaving them vulnerable to negative psychological outcomes. Resulting negative emotional state may lead to problematic internet use (PIU), which can lead to further psychological distress, forming a vicious cycle. Methods The present study was conducted using a cross-lagged panel model (with longitudinal data) and hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) (with cross-sectional data). The aims were to investigate (i) the reciprocal relationships between two specific forms of PIU [problematic social media use (PSMU) and problematic gaming (PG)] and psychological distress among schoolteachers, and (ii) the influence of administrators' support on schoolteachers' PIU through a cross-level serial mediation model (PNT of online teaching was the first mediator and psychological distress was the second mediator affected by PNT of online teaching). Primary and secondary schoolteachers (N = 980; mean age = 34.76; 82.90% females) participated in two surveys (Time 1: mid-November 2021; Time 2: early-January 2022). Results Results indicated that (i) high psychological distress at Time 1 was associated with increased levels of PSMU and PG at Time 2. Inversely, PG at Time 1 was associated with increased psychological distress at Time 2, although PSMU at Time 1 did not have a significant influence on psychological distress at Time 2; (ii) during Time 1, increased administrative support contributed to alleviating teachers' psychological needs thwarting of online teaching, thereby lowering their psychological distress which, in turn, resulted in a decrease in PG. Conclusion PG had a stronger negative influence on teachers' psychological distress than PSMU. To relieve teachers' PG, administrative support can alleviate teachers' psychological needs thwarting of online teaching and psychological distress. Based on this finding, school managers must consider effective ways to support teachers during mandatory online teaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Hua Chen
- Chinese Academy of Education Big Data, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Hsin-Pao Chen
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, E-Da Hospital, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jeffrey H. Gamble
- Department of English, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Xiao ling Liao
- International College, Krirk University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Xiu-Mei Chen
- Faculty of Education, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Ya-Ting Carolyn Yang
- Institute of Education, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan,*Correspondence: Ya-Ting Carolyn Yang
| | - Amir H. Pakpour
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan,Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan,Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan,Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan,Chung-Ying Lin
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Alshareef M. Effect of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Children's Behavior in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2022; 14:e31234. [PMID: 36505105 PMCID: PMC9730737 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Children's mental health is one of the major concerns during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Multiple strategic policies are applied to reduce the spread of the COVID-19 virus, including boundaries closure, social distancing, lockdown, and quarantine. These measures affect the mental health of adults as well as children. In Saudi Arabia, many studies investigated the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on adults' mental health, but few were done on children. Children's behavior can be assessed through parents' observation, which can be an important indication of children's mental health. Objective This study aimed to assess the psychological impact of the COVID-19 quarantine on children's mental health and to evaluate the effect of familial and social-demographic characteristics on children's psychology during the COVID-19 crisis in the Makkah region of Saudi Arabia. Methods and materials A web-based, cross-sectional voluntary response survey including parents of 576 children aged 15 years and younger. The survey included familial and socio-demographic information as well as a questionnaire examining the behavioral, mental, and emotional changes in children during the COVID-19 quarantine. Results Twenty-four point seven percent (24.7%) of children were found to have negative psychological effects due to the COVID-19-associated quarantine in the Makkah region. This prevalence was related to the marital status of the parents, the children's age, and the presence of outdoor space in the house. Conclusion This study highlights the importance of psychological support needed for children and their parents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies are required to explore whether this psychological impact will subside after the COVID-19 pandemic is over.
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Pourafshari R, Rezapour T, Rafei P, Hatami J. The Role of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Problematic Smartphone Use among a Large Sample of Iranian Population. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2022.100436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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He J, Ding Y, Wong FY, He N. Health-care access and utilization among HIV-infected men who have sex with men in two Chinese municipalities with or without lockdown amidst early COVID-19 pandemic. AIDS Care 2022; 34:1390-1399. [PMID: 35179422 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2022.2041163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
City lockdown is critical to successfully contain the COVID-19 pandemic. The impact of lockdown and COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare among vulnerable population has yet to be explicated. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) in Wuhan with city lockdown and Shanghai without lockdown, and healthcare interruptions were evaluated and compared. A logistic regression analysis was employed to examine associates of HIV-related healthcare interruptions and compromised mental health. Compared to participants in Shanghai (N = 440), HIV-infected MSM in Wuhan (N = 503) had significantly higher proportion of untimely availability of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) (20.6% vs. 8.4%), obtaining ARVs from outside institutions (29.1% vs. 8.1%), postponed non-AIDS treatment (6.4% vs. 2.8%) and untimely follow-up appointments (33.4% vs. 14.5%). HIV-related healthcare interruptions were positively associated with lockdown (OR = 4.89, 95% CI: 3.49-6.85) and non-local residence (OR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.37-2.64). Compromised mental health, including insomnia and generalized anxiety disorders, was associated with non-local residence (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.01-1.81) and healthcare interruptions (OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.01-1.79). HIV-infected MSM are vulnerable to healthcare interruptions and mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic, underscoring the need for tailored intervention strategies to minimize deleterious health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu He
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, and The Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Ding
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, and The Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Frank Y Wong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, and The Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Center for Population Sciences and Health Equity, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Hawaìi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Na He
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, and The Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Glued to your phone? Generation Z's smartphone addiction and online compulsive buying. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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46
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Chen Y, Zhan Q, Eli B, Zhao Y, Huang X, Liu Z. A profile analysis of problematic smartphone usage among college students during coronavirus disease 2019: Relations with the impact of news reports. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022:1-9. [PMID: 36340889 PMCID: PMC9617231 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03896-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak was the first pandemic to occur in a fully globalized society. The aims of the study were to explore the state of problematic smartphone use (PSU) and its risk factors during this incident. A total of 77,211 college students were surveyed online during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conducting latent profile analysis (LPA), we found the most support for a three-class model of subgroups: over-use group (17.3% of the sample), moderate-use group (54.8% of the sample), mild-use group (27.9% of the sample). The results of multinomial logistic regression show that college students who experienced an extreme negative impact from news reports were more likely to be included in the over-use group than in the mild-use group. These results providing insights that may help foster and develop appropriate and effective solutions to prevent PSU among college students during crises, such as reducing the coverage of negative news report. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-022-03896-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District Beijing, 100101 China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qisheng Zhan
- Institute of Psychology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Buzohre Eli
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District Beijing, 100101 China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District Beijing, 100101 China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District Beijing, 100101 China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengkui Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District Beijing, 100101 China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Huang PC, Hung CH, Chen GW, Cashin C, Griffiths MD, Yang WC, Wang HW, Lin CY, Ko NY. COVID-19-Related Self-Stigma, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Insomnia, and Smartphone Addiction Among Frontline Government Workers with COVID-19 Pandemic Control Duties. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:3069-3080. [PMID: 36281271 PMCID: PMC9587721 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s383842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The duties related to COVID-19 control and prevention may have caused psychological stress for the individuals in charge (eg, frontline government workers) and have reportedly led to mental health issues, such as insomnia and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the prevalence of these COVID-19-related disorders and their associated factors remain unclear. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the prevalence rates of insomnia, PTSD, COVID-19-related self-stigma, and smartphone addiction, along with the identification of risk factors and protective factors for Taiwan frontline government workers with COVID-19 pandemic control duties. Methods The survey was carried out with 151 participants between September and October 2021. All participants completed the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (assessing fear of COVID-19), Self-Stigma Scale (assessing self-stigma during the COVID-19 pandemic), Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale (assessing the risk of smartphone addiction), Insomnia Severity Index (assessing insomnia), Impacts of Event Scale-6 (assessing PTSD), and a self-designed set of questions assessing trait resilience. Results The results showed that the prevalence rate was 31.1% for insomnia and 33.8% for PTSD. Furthermore, service duration (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.86, 0.999) and trait resilience (AOR = 0.19; 95% CI = 0.08, 0.46) were protective factors and fear of COVID-19 (AOR = 1.91; 95% CI = 1.02, 3.57) was a risk factor for insomnia. Fear of COVID-19 (AOR = 2.63; 95% CI = 1.35, 5.14), self-stigma (AOR = 3.62; 95% CI = 1.19, 11.02), and smartphone addiction (AOR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.001, 1.19) were risk factors, and trait resilience was a protective factor (AOR = 0.58; 95% CI = 0.29, 1.17) for PTSD. Conclusion The findings demonstrated a high prevalence of insomnia and PTSD. Risk-reducing strategies and protective factor promotion strategies are recommended to help reduce the symptoms of insomnia and PTSD among Taiwan frontline government workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Ching Huang
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsia Hung
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Wei Chen
- Department of Hydraulic and Ocean Engineering, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ciaran Cashin
- Department of Hydraulic and Ocean Engineering, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Wen-Chi Yang
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Wen Wang
- Department of Hydraulic and Ocean Engineering, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Ying Ko
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Lee KW, Yap SF, Ong HT, Pheh KS, Lye MS. Anxiety and coping strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study of staff and students from a tertiary education center in Malaysia. Front Public Health 2022; 10:936486. [PMID: 36276401 PMCID: PMC9583838 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.936486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim We examined the anxiety levels and coping strategies among staff and students of a tertiary educational institution during the COVID-19 pandemic and determined the association between anxiety level and coping strategies. Method Through an online survey, we used Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) to measure the level of anxiety associated with the COVID-19 crisis and Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE) to assess the coping responses adopted to handle stressful life events. Coping strategies were classified as adaptive and maladaptive, for which the aggregate sores were calculated. Multiple linear regression was used to determine the predictors of anxiety adjusted for potentially confounding variables. Results from 434 participants were available for analysis. Results The mean score (SD) of the CAS was 1.1 (1.8). The mean scores of adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies were 35.69 and 19.28, respectively. Multiple linear regression revealed that maladaptive coping [Adjusted B coefficient = 4.106, p-value < 0.001] and presence of comorbidities [Adjusted B coefficient = 1.376, p-value = 0.025] significantly predicted anxiety. Conclusion Maladaptive coping and presence of comorbidities were the predictors of coronavirus anxiety. The apparent lack of anxiety in relation to COVID-19 and movement restriction is reflective of the reported high level of satisfaction with the support and services provided during the COVID-19 outbreak in Malaysia. Adaptive coping strategies were adopted more frequently than maladaptive. Nevertheless, public education on positive coping strategies and anxiety management may be still be relevant to provide mental health support to address the needs of the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wei Lee
- Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia,Centre for Research on Communicable Diseases, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Sook Fan Yap
- Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia,Centre for Research on Communicable Diseases, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Malaysia,*Correspondence: Sook Fan Yap
| | - Hooi Tin Ong
- Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kai Shuen Pheh
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Arts and Social Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Munn Sann Lye
- Department of Population Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Malaysia
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Liang L, Li C, Meng C, Guo X, Lv J, Fei J, Mei S. Psychological distress and internet addiction following the COVID-19 outbreak: Fear of missing out and boredom proneness as mediators. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2022; 40:8-14. [PMID: 36064250 PMCID: PMC8934433 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has caused major changes in people's mental health and behavior. This study aimed to investigate whether boredom proneness and fear of missing out acted as mediators between psychological distress and Internet addiction (IA). A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2020, including 552 youths aged 17-28 years. The recruited participants were asked to complete a series of self-reported questionnaires regarding psychological distress, fear of missing out, boredom proneness and IA. The results indicate that during the COVID-19 pandemic, the reporting rate of IA in young adults was 28.1%, and fear of missing out and boredom proneness played multiple mediation roles in the relationship between psychological distress and IA. Governments and education departments should focus on young people with psychological deficits to prevent them from succumbing to IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Liang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No.1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, China
| | - Chuanen Li
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No.1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, China
| | - Cuicui Meng
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No.1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, China
| | - Xinmeng Guo
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No.1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, China
| | - Jianping Lv
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No.1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, China
| | - Junsong Fei
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No.1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, China
| | - Songli Mei
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No.1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, China.
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Deb N, Roy P. Internet addiction, depression, anxiety and stress among first year medical students after COVID-19 lockdown: A cross sectional study in West Bengal, India. J Family Med Prim Care 2022; 11:6402-6406. [PMID: 36618151 PMCID: PMC9810868 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_809_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives 1. To assess the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on Internet addiction on first year medical students. 2. To evaluate the associations, if any, between internet addiction, anxiety, depression and stress. Methods Internet addiction, depression, anxiety and stress among medical students across West Bengal have been studied using Young's Internet Addiction Test (IAT) scale and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). A web-based questionnaire was made and circulated via different social media platforms. All interested candidates who gave consent were included in the study. All statistical analyses were done using SPSS version 25.0. Results The study population consisted of 37.2% of males and 63.8% of females. 80.23% of the participants showed moderate levels of internet addiction. Strong positive correlation was found between anxiety and stress (r = 0.83, P < 0.05), depression and anxiety (r = 0.92, P < 0.05) and between depression and stress (r = 0.86, P < 0.05). Conclusion The unprecedented ramifications of lockdown are incessant, with internet addiction, magnification in depression, anxiety and stress to name a few. Internet addiction coupled with psychological disorders still remains a matter of concern for medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Novonil Deb
- North Bengal Medical College, Sushrutnagar, Siliguri, West Bengal, India
| | - Poulami Roy
- North Bengal Medical College, Sushrutnagar, Siliguri, West Bengal, India,Address for correspondence: Ms. Poulami Roy, North Bengal Medical College, Darjeeling, West Bengal - 734012, India. E-mail:
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