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Ow N, Zivanovic R, Tee K, Mathias S, Barbic SP. Health through the eyes of youths: a qualitative study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1271215. [PMID: 38827611 PMCID: PMC11141052 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1271215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging definitions of health have suggested a shift in focus to one's ability to manage their health condition, function, and social determinants of health. The construct of health for youths with mental health and substance use disorders (MHSU) is complex and multi-dimensional with interplay between biological, behavioral, and social conditions. Expanding definitions of health is crucial in the measurement of health and evaluation of integrated youth services (IYS) systems for people with MHSU disorders. Hence, it is critical to understand the construct of health from the perspective of a young person living with a MHSU disorder. Methods This study was conducted using inductive thematic analysis. Three focus groups were conducted from July to August 2017. Results A total of 22 youths (17-24 years) took part in this study. Results showed that health is a multidimensional construct situated in the ecosystem of a person's environment. Health can be understood from two macro themes: Individual health and Determinants of health. It consisted of physical health, mental health, day-to-day functioning, and being in control of your own health condition. Systemic and social factors were factors that influenced the state of health. Conclusion This study contributes to a conceptualization of good health in youth with MHSU disorders. This conceptualization can aid in the development of more accurate measures of health and functioning and the evaluation of mental health services for youth with MHSU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki Ow
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rebecca Zivanovic
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Steve Mathias
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Foundry, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Skye Pamela Barbic
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Foundry, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Andersén MB, Revenäs Å, Lostelius PV, Olsson EMG, Bring A, Ring L. "It's about how you take in things with your brain" - young people's perspectives on mental health and help seeking: an interview study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1095. [PMID: 38643072 PMCID: PMC11031856 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18617-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Poor mental health in young people has become a growing problem globally over the past decades. However, young people have also been shown to underutilize available healthcare resources. The World Health Organisation (WHO) has formulated guidelines for youth-friendly health services (YFHSs) to increase youth participation in healthcare. Still, little is known about how young people using these services perceive mental health, indicating a knowledge gap concerning the subjective evaluation of their mental health. AIM To investigate how young people visiting youth health clinics (YHC) perceive the concept of mental health and factors they view as central to maintaining mental health. METHODS In total 21 interviews were carried out, 16 in 2018, and 5 in 2023 to assure no changes in findings after the COVID-19 pandemic. Subjects were recruited during visits to youth health clinics (YHCs) in mid-Sweden and were aged 15-23 years. Recruitment strived to achieve heterogeneity in the sample concerning gender, sexual orientation, gender identity and age. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using qualitative content analysis. FINDINGS Findings of the analysis revealed two themes, "Mental health is helped and hindered by the surroundings" and "Mental health is difficult to understand and difficult to achieve". The participants described their health as highly dependent on their social surroundings, and that these are important to maintaining health but may also affect health negatively. They described mixed experiences of the health care services and mentioned prerequisites for seeking care for mental health problems such as accessibility and respect for their integrity, including the right to turn down offered treatment. The informants also viewed mental health as an ongoing undertaking that one must work for, and that it is sometimes difficult to know what constitutes mental health. They also expressed a need from healthcare services to enquire about their health, and to show an active interest in how they are doing. CONCLUSIONS Findings underline the need of young people's individual needs to be met in the healthcare system and their vulnerability to their social surroundings. Health status assessments in young people should consider social and individual factors to fully capture mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael B Andersén
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Region Uppsala, Primary Care and Health, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Åsa Revenäs
- Centre for Clinical Research, Region Västmanland - Uppsala University, Västmanland Hospital Västerås, Västerås, Sweden
- School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden
- Orthopedic clinic, Västmanland Hospital Västerås, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Petra V Lostelius
- Centre for Clinical Research, Region Västmanland - Uppsala University, Västmanland Hospital Västerås, Västerås, Sweden
- School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden
- Clinic for Pain Rehabilitation Västmanland, Region Västmanland, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Erik M G Olsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Annika Bring
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lena Ring
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Region Uppsala, Primary Care and Health, Uppsala, Sweden
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Zhuravlev P, Mueller C, St Vil D. Just my luck: How children's causal attributions contribute to injury prevention. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2024:10.1007/s00068-023-02425-3. [PMID: 38169005 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-023-02425-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Traumatic injury in children, particularly adolescents, is both frequently and costly. In this study, we directly examined children's causal attributions for the recent traumas and asked them to propose prevention strategies of their own. We predict that children who attribute their injuries to their own actions, rather than an external force such as luck, will be more likely to develop strategies to avoid trauma in the future. METHODS All children aged 10 -18 years who presented to a Level 1 pediatric trauma center at an urban children's hospital over a ten-month period were identified and presented with a series of structured interview questions. They were asked to describe the cause of their injuries, whether they believed them to be avoidable, and what strategies, if any, they thought might have prevented their trauma. RESULTS 46 children with an average age of 13.4 years were surveyed and the responses of 44 children were analyzed. Most injuries resulted from sports (24) or motor vehicle accidents (14). The remaining injuries were due to burns (4) and falls (2). Twelve (27%) children believed that their own behavior was to blame for their injuries. 32 children ascribed their injuries to circumstances outside of their control with the majority (30, 94%) viewing themselves as "unlucky." Children who accepted fault for injury and children who thought their accident was avoidable were more likely to be able to formulate a strategy for preventing future injury. Children who thought their accident was avoidable were also more likely to accept fault for it. CONCLUSION Children surveyed denied their own culpability and preferred to attribute their injuries to bad luck. Moreover, children who believed themselves to be simply unlucky were less able than others to propose strategies that might prevent further injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Zhuravlev
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, Lebanon, NH, 03755, USA.
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Gay C, Deyra M, Berland P, Gerbaud L, Pizon F. Girl-boy differences in perceptions of health determinants and cancer: a more systemic view of girls as young as 6 years. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1296949. [PMID: 38174079 PMCID: PMC10763247 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1296949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction To model and analyze the differences between girls' and boys' conceptions of the determinants of health and cancer, as expressed and perceived by children and adolescents. Method A multicentric qualitative study was conducted in five schools (ages 6-11 years), four middle schools (ages 11-15 years), and three high schools (ages 15-18 years). A multi-phase protocol (phase 1 uses the e.Photoexpression© and phase 2 uses the Photonarration) enables children and teenagers to express themselves through photography and storytelling. Results A total of 4,174 qualitative productions were produced by 1,068 children, of which 47% were girls and 53% were boys, all in the ages of 6-18 years. From the results of the productions, it can be noticed that children mentioned and were aware of 30 determinants of health and cancer. The three determinants most mentioned were "Consumption of psychotropic drugs", "Diet", and "Harmful environment". Among these 30 determinants, some were mentioned to a greater or lesser extent by girls and boys. These significant gender differences are present for 20 determinants of health and cancer. These differences evolve with age: (1) In elementary school (ages 6-11), girls gave significantly more importance (p < 0.05) to 11 determinants, while boys attached significantly more importance (p < 0.05) to 2 determinants. (2) In middle school (ages 11-16), girls gave significantly (p < 0.05) more importance to 12 determinants, while boys gave significantly (p < 0.05) more importance to one determinant. (3) In high school (ages 15-18 years), girls gave significantly (p < 0.05) more importance to 13 determinants. There was no significant difference (p < 0.05) in favor of boys for high school students. Girls also have a more systemic view of health determinants than boys. The increase in the number of determinants cited by girls is significant (p = 0.017) between the ages of 6-11 and 15-18 years. This gap widens with age (+1.45 determinants) for girls and (+0.68 determinants) for boys between elementary school and high school. Conclusion The determinants identified as predominantly female or male, as well as age-related specificities, constitute a resource for effective preventive action, as close as possible to the needs and particularities of a population. This mapping of people's conceptions could provide a decision-making aid in defining the strategic orientations of prevention policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Gay
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Maéliane Deyra
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pauline Berland
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laurent Gerbaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frank Pizon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Omidimorad A, Nazari M, Bahmanziari N, Soleymani MH, Barakati SH, Ardalan G, Aminaee T, Taghizadeh R, Motlagh ME, Heidarzadeh A. Priority strategic directions in adolescent health in Iran based on the WHO's Global Accelerated Action for the Health of Adolescents. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2023; 35:313-321. [PMID: 37624369 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2023-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In line with the World Health Organization's Global Accelerated Action for the Health of Adolescents (AA-HA!) guidance, the goal of the current research was to identify critical strategies for adolescents' health and to determine the role and distribution of responsibilities among the leading players in the field of adolescent health in Iran. METHODS The current qualitative and applied study is part of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education's "Adolescent, Youth and School Health" plan to develop the "National Adolescent Health Plan Document" in 2020. First, stakeholder analysis was done, then a pool of nationally appropriate strategies was selected from the list of priority strategies recommended by the WHO in the AA-HA! through several group sessions. After that, the experts selected priority strategies based on the criteria of feasibility, acceptability, effectiveness, guaranteed resources, coordination with other plans and temporal priority, scoring, and executive priorities. Eventually, the priority strategies were assigned to different players/stakeholders in the field over several sessions bearing in mind the methods of implementation and the target groups. RESULTS The experts identified 58 priority strategies/actions for adolescent health under the seven priority areas of positive development, sexual protection, reproductive health, mental health, substance abuse, self-harm, violence, unintentional injury, communicable and non-communicable diseases, nutrition, and physical activity. CONCLUSIONS The highest identified priority areas were in the areas of vaccination; special health care package for service providers; training and education to promote health literacy and self-care, life skills, sexual awareness, and prevention/protection against violence; community-based mental health services, planning for adolescents' spare time, substance use prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Omidimorad
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maryam Nazari
- Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmeh Bahmanziari
- Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Haddad Soleymani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Tahereh Aminaee
- Youth and School Health Unit, The Population, Family and School Health Office, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rahim Taghizadeh
- Health Promotion, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Abtin Heidarzadeh
- Medical Education Research Center, Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Solhi M, Taghipour A, Mahdizadeh M. Adolescents' Perspectives on Facilitators and Barriers to Social Health in the Family: A Qualitative Study. ARCHIVES OF IRANIAN MEDICINE 2023; 26:396-402. [PMID: 38301099 PMCID: PMC10685821 DOI: 10.34172/aim.2023.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family plays the most fundamental role in the adolescent's health. A deep understanding of family characteristics, beliefs, and function about the adolescent social health provides a framework, relying on which one can perceive how this dimension of health is developed and promoted in this setting. In this study, we aimed to understand the family context that facilitates or limits adolescent social health. METHODS Fifty-four adolescents and fifteen parents participated using a purposive sampling method. The findings were collected through semi-structured interviews and group discussions. The data was analyzed through conventional content analysis by the MAXQDA10 software. RESULTS Healthy and unhealthy family reactions are the two main categories that facilitate and limit the adolescents' social health. Sub-categories of healthy reactions included effective guidance, cultural safeguard, and accountable interactions. The unhealthy family reactions included sub-categories of poor intergenerational perception and passive parenting. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed that the family context of the adolescent's social health ranged from healthy to unhealthy responses. These results can contribute to improving and designing interventions for promoting the adolescent's social health. It is essential for policymakers and health experts to pay attention to the family empowerment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Solhi
- Air Pollution Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Taghipour
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrsadat Mahdizadeh
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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7
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Adolescent experiences of the safe surgical checklist and surgical care processes. Pediatr Surg Int 2023; 39:108. [PMID: 36759361 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-023-05396-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the perceptions, satisfaction, and needs of adolescent surgical patients with their perioperative pathway, including consent, the Safe Surgical Checklist (SSC), and post-operative care. METHODS We used qualitative methodology to examine adolescent experiences with surgical consent, SSC, and post-operative care. We purposively recruited ten patients aged 13-17 undergoing emergency and elective surgery and obtained consent from parents and patients. Semi-structured interview scripts were co-developed with an adolescent patient advisor, and interviews were performed, recorded, and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was based on grounded theory and Participants were recruited and interviewed until thematic saturation was achieved. RESULTS Four themes emerged in thematic analysis: (1) Autonomy and Inclusion-Adolescents desire to participate in the consent process, including signing their own consent when appropriate, (2) Value of Repetition-Adolescents value the repetition of information in the pre-operative check and feel safer when the team reinforces the information, (3) Importance of Caregiver Involvement - Adolescents valued their caregivers being involved in critical conversations and decision making, and (4) Importance of Transparency in Communication-Adolescents desire to be directly given information about their surgery post-operatively and not told to parents alone. CONCLUSION Adolescents are situated uniquely between childhood and adulthood. Adolescents desired to be directly involved in the decision-making process of their surgery, including participation in the SSC and discussion of post-operative complications.
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Yamaguchi S, Bentayeb N, Holtom A, Molnar P, Constantinescu T, Tisdall EKM, Tuong J, Iyer SN, Ruiz-Casares M. Participation of Children and Youth in Mental Health Policymaking: A Scoping Review [Part I]. ADMINISTRATION AND POLICY IN MENTAL HEALTH AND MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH 2023; 50:58-83. [PMID: 36357819 DOI: 10.1007/s10488-022-01223-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Although youth participation is oft-acknowledged as underpinning mental health policy and service reform, little robust evidence exists about the participation of children and youth in mental health policymaking. A scoping review based on Arksey and O'Malley's framework was conducted to identify and synthesize available information on children and youth's participation in mental health policymaking. Published studies up to November 30, 2020 were searched in Medline (OVID), PsycINFO (OVID), Scopus, and Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (PROQUEST). Further studies were identified through Google Scholar and a grey literature search was conducted using Google and targeted web searches from October to December, 2020. Three reviewers performed screening and data extraction relevant to the review objective, followed by an online consultation. From 2,981 records, 25 publications were included. A lack of diversity among the youth involved was found. Youth were often involved in situational analysis and policy design, but seldom in policy implementation and evaluation. Both the facilitators of and barriers to participation were multifaceted and interconnected. Despite a range of expected outcomes of participation for youth, adults, organizations, and communities, perceived and actual effects were neither substantially explored nor reported. Our recommendations for mental health policymaking highlight the inclusion of children and youth from diverse groups, and the creation of relational spaces that ensure safety, inclusiveness, and diversity. Identified future research directions are: the outcomes of youth participation in mental health policymaking, the role of adults, and more generally, how the mental health of children and youth shapes and is shaped by the policymaking process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakiko Yamaguchi
- CHILD-BRIGHT Network, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Pine Ave W, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada.
| | - Naïma Bentayeb
- CIUSSS du Centre-Ouest-de-L'île-de-Montréal, SHERPA University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,École Nationale d'Administration Publique, Montreal, QC, Canada.,School of Social Work, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Paula Molnar
- School of Social Work, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Teodora Constantinescu
- CIUSSS du Centre-Ouest-de-L'île-de-Montréal, SHERPA University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - E Kay M Tisdall
- Childhood and Youth Studies, MHSES, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Josie Tuong
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Srividya N Iyer
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Pine Ave W, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada.,Douglas Research Centre, ACCESS Open Minds (Youth Mental Health Network), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mónica Ruiz-Casares
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Pine Ave W, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada.,CIUSSS du Centre-Ouest-de-L'île-de-Montréal, SHERPA University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,School of Child & Youth Care, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Trotter MG, Coulter TJ, Davis PA, Poulus DR, Polman R. Examining the Impact of School Esports Program Participation on Student Health and Psychological Development. Front Psychol 2022; 12:807341. [PMID: 35140665 PMCID: PMC8820392 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.807341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the influence of 7 high school esports developmental programs on student self-regulation, growth mindset, positive youth development (PYD), perceived general health and physical activity (PA), and sport behaviour. A total of 188 students (male n = 120; female n = 68) originally participated (89 enrolled in an esports program in their school and 99 acted as aged-matched controls), with 58 participants (n = 19 esports group; n = 39 controls) completing both pre- and post-program information. At baseline, no significant differences were found between youth e-athletes and their aged-matched controls. The analysis for the observation period showed a significant interaction effect for the PYD confidence scale, with post-hoc comparisons showing a significant decrease in the control group from pre- to post assessment whereas the esports group remained the same. Time main effects showed a decrease in the self-regulation motivation factor, PYD connection factor and PA for all participants. Overall, this study showed that students enrolled in their respective school esports program did not differ from those who did not in self-regulation, growth mindset, PYD, perceived health and PA, and sport behaviour. It was likely that all participants showed a decrease in motivation, connection, and PA due to COVID19 lockdown during the study period. This study is the first to investigate the longitudinal impact of student involvement in high school esports and showed that esports participation did not have a negative impact on any health or psychological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. Trotter
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tristan J. Coulter
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul A. Davis
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Dylan R. Poulus
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, QLD, Australia
| | - Remco Polman
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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10
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Randell E, Udo C, Warne M. A sense of health and coherence in young rural schoolchildren in Sweden. Int J Circumpolar Health 2021; 80:1893534. [PMID: 33704012 PMCID: PMC7954475 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2021.1893534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Little is known about how younger schoolchildren in a rural setting experience their sense of coherence (SOC), how they think and reason about health and what they perceive as important to achieve health goals. This study aimed to investigate children's SOC and their health perceptions.Method: In this mixed-method study 94 children (8-12 years) from three rural schools answered several questionnaires: The Child-SOC (CSOC), Positive Health Scale (PHS) and Cantril's ladder of life scale. Another 23 children (of 94) participated in four focus group interviews. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes from the interview transcripts.Results: High SOC was reported by 48% of the boys and 22% of the girls. However, no significant gender differences were found. Four themes were generated from the qualitative analysis: Understanding health, Managing health, Doing bodily health and Socialising health. Both younger and older children had a holistic view of health in which health was seen as an individual's living habits in which social contacts mattered.Conclusion: In a rural context children need to adapt to activities that exist in their immediate environment. Thus, activities during school hours can be an important complement in health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Randell
- School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
| | - Camilla Udo
- School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
- Center for Clinical Research (CKF), Dalarna, Sweden
- Department of Health Care Sciences, Palliative Research Centre, Ersta Sköndal Bräcke University College, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Warne
- Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
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Odrovakavula L, Mohammadnezhad M. "Everything else is going to be ok if your spiritual wellness is well". A qualitative exploration of wellness amongst secondary school students in Fiji. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2021; 16:2001895. [PMID: 34806562 PMCID: PMC8843379 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2021.2001895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Adolescent wellness over the years has been a major public health concern. The adolescent period is stated to be a critical phase as developments occur in all areas of the individual. This study aims to explore secondary school students’ perceptions on knowledge of wellness, influences of wellness, prioritization of wellness dimensions and ideal adolescent wellness programmes in Fiji. Method This study qualitatively investigates adolescents in four purposively selected schools in Suva, Fiji. 31 students who enrolled into years 11 to 13 in the selected schools were interviewed in-depthly using a semi-structured, open-ended questionnaire. Data was transcribed and classified into categories, sub-themes and major themes. Results Participants’ responses indicated wellness perceived as multidimensional with no regard to dimensional balance. Family, peers and school support, social media, nutrition and physical activities are factors perceived to influence wellness. The availability of school counsellors, facilitation of effective school health programmes, and incorporation of wellness into the school curriculum were perceived as ideal ways to increase adolescent wellness. Conclusions This study provides important research findings of adolescent wellness for Fiji’s health sector, its policymakers and programme developers. Further studies are needed to understand the broad concept of wellness and its several dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latileta Odrovakavula
- Public Health, School of Public Health and Primary Care, Fiji National University, Suva Fiji Islands
| | - Masoud Mohammadnezhad
- Public Health (Health Promotion), School of Public Health and Primary Care, Fiji National University, Suva Fiji Islands
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12
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Edens C. Early Sexual Health and Reproductive Implications in Pediatric Rheumatic Diseases. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2021; 48:91-112. [PMID: 34798961 DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2021.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive review of reproductive health subtopics, including puberty, menarche, sexual orientation, gender identity, and gynecologic cancers as they pertain to patients with pediatric rheumatic diseases and those who care for them. Rheumatic disease medications and their effect on reproductive health across childhood and adolescence are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuoghi Edens
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Pediatric Rheumatology, University of Chicago Medicine, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, C104-A, MC5044, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Chicago Medicine, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, C104-A, MC5044, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Laliberte S, Varcoe C. Implications of Canadian youth views for measuring youth mental health from a socio-economic perspective. Health Promot Int 2021; 36:274-285. [PMID: 32361737 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daz085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing meaningful indicators to track youth mental health (MH) is important to support the development and evaluation of responsive mental health promotion (MHP) initiatives that address the socio-economic determinants of youth MH. Development of relevant indicators is challenged, however, by the lack of knowledge regarding the relations among socio-economic factors and youth MH. Thirty diverse young people from a Canadian metropolitan area were engaged within a process of social praxis to explore their experiences of the inter-relationship between their socio-economic environments and their MH and their processes of seeking to realize their MH. Participants emphasized 'needs' as foundational to MH, whereas 'wants', driven by materialistic and wealth-oriented values and social norms, constrained their MH. Their reflections on the inter-relations among their MH and socio-economic processes highlight eight inter-related MH needs within the Canadian socio-economic context. In this paper, we present these needs and show how these needs, young people's affective states, and their access to resources within co-evolving socio-economic processes (to enable their needs) illustrate the fundamental inter-relation between young people's MH and socio-economic processes. We identify implications for measuring youth MH within MHP practice, including the importance of iterative indicator frameworks that include measures of young people's access to resources to enable their MH needs and their degree of distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shari Laliberte
- School of Health Sciences, Vancouver Community College, 1155 East Broadway, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V5T 4V5
| | - Colleen Varcoe
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, T153 2211, Westbrook Mall, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6T 2B5
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Cox A, Fairclough SJ, Noonan RJ. "It's Just Not Something We Do at School". Adolescent Boys' Understanding, Perceptions, and Experiences of Muscular Fitness Activity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4923. [PMID: 34063097 PMCID: PMC8125655 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND English youth typically do not sufficiently engage in the types and intensities of physical activity that develop muscular fitness. The aim of this study was to use a combination of qualitative techniques to explore adolescent boys' understanding, perceptions, and experiences of physical activity and the role muscular fitness plays within boys' physically active lifestyles. METHODS Focus group interviews with a write, draw, show, and tell activity were conducted with 32 adolescent boys aged 14-16 years from 3 secondary schools. Three separate sources of data (frequency counts, verbatim transcripts, and visual data) were generated and were pooled together and triangulated. Data were analysed deductively, first using the Youth Physical Activity Promotion model as a thematic framework, and then inductively. RESULTS Physical activity was frequently associated with organised sport, and most boys were unaware of current UK physical activity guidelines. Co-participation was frequently reported as a reinforcing factor to physical activity. CONCLUSIONS There was a perceived lack of opportunity to participate in muscular fitness activities, particularly in school, and knowledge of how to conduct muscular fitness activities was limited. The contribution of physical education was highlighted as being key to facilitating exposure to muscular fitness activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Cox
- Movement Behaviours, Health, and Wellbeing Research Group, Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk L39, UK;
| | - Stuart J. Fairclough
- Movement Behaviours, Health, and Wellbeing Research Group, Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk L39, UK;
| | - Robert J. Noonan
- Appetite and Obesity Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L1, UK;
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15
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Musoke D, Ndejjo R, Lubega GB, Ekirapa-Kiracho E. Use of photovoice to explore the potential role of youth in contributing to maternal health in rural Wakiso district, Uganda. Sex Reprod Health Matters 2020; 28:1854152. [PMID: 33308091 PMCID: PMC7888067 DOI: 10.1080/26410397.2020.1854152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite youth constituting a large portion of the population in Uganda, their involvement in improving maternal health in their communities has been minimal. This paper explores the potential role of youth in contributing to maternal health in rural communities in Wakiso district, Uganda using photovoice. Photovoice was used as a community-based participatory research method among 10 youth (5 males and 5 females) over a period of 5 months. The photos taken by the youth were discussed in monthly meetings, and emerging data was analysed using thematic content analysis. Four themes emerged regarding how youth can contribute to improving maternal health in their communities. These themes were: community health education; advocacy for health improvement; community voluntary work; and being exemplary. The fifth and final theme provides the avenues, including drama and sports, that the youth suggested they could use for conveying messages to the community concerning maternal and general health. Health education on topics such as the importance of delivering at health facilities was emphasised. Regarding advocacy, the youth said they can be involved in reaching out to various stakeholders to raise concerns affecting maternal health. Voluntary work such as construction of energy stoves for pregnant women emerged. The youth also highlighted that they could be exemplary for instance by males accompanying their spouses during antenatal visits. With the need to continuously engage community actors in health initiatives, youth should be considered and supported as important stakeholders so they may engage in activities to improve health within their communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Musoke
- Lecturer, Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rawlance Ndejjo
- Research Associate, Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Grace Biyinzika Lubega
- Research Assistant, Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Elizabeth Ekirapa-Kiracho
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Health Policy, Planning and Management, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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Willenberg L, Wulan N, Medise BE, Devaera Y, Riyanti A, Ansariadi A, Wiguna T, Kaligis F, Fisher J, Luchters S, Jameel A, Sawyer SM, Tran T, Kennedy E, Patton GC, Wiweko B, Azzopardi PS. Understanding mental health and its determinants from the perspective of adolescents: A qualitative study across diverse social settings in Indonesia. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 52:102148. [PMID: 32450491 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Poor mental health is a leading contributor to the burden of disease experienced by adolescents, including in resource constrained settings. However, little is known about how adolescents in these countries conceptualise mental health and its determinants which is essential to informing effective responses. This study aimed to explore how adolescents in Indonesia (a populous and rapidly developing country) conceptualise mental health and what they identify as important determinants. Eight focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with 86 Indonesian adolescents (aged 16-18 years), sampled from schools and community settings from Jakarta and South Sulawesi. FGDs were recorded, transcribed, translated and thematically analysed. Mental health was recognised as a significant concern by adolescents in Indonesia. Good mental health was conceptualised as emotional wellbeing and happiness. By contrast, poor mental health was predominantly described in terms of substantial mental illness manifesting as behavioural and physical disturbance. Further, poor mental health only happened to 'other' people, with stigmatising views prevalent. Absent from the discussions were common symptoms of poor mental health (stress, loneliness, poor sleep) and common mental disorders (e.g. depression, anxiety) or a conceptualisation that reflected poor mental health to be a normal human experience. Discussions around determinants of poor mental health suggested that family connections (particularly with parents), school pressures, and adverse exposures on social media were important drivers of poor mental health, with religion also surfacing as an important determinant. In highlighting mental health as an important issue for Indonesian adolescents, this study provides a foundation for targeted responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Willenberg
- Global Adolescent Health Group, Maternal Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nisaa Wulan
- Global Adolescent Health Group, Maternal Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bernie Endyarni Medise
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yoga Devaera
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Aida Riyanti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ansariadi Ansariadi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Tjhin Wiguna
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Fransiska Kaligis
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Jane Fisher
- Global and Women's Health Unit, School of Population and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stanley Luchters
- Global Adolescent Health Group, Maternal Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Population Health, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Aishah Jameel
- Global Adolescent Health Group, Maternal Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Susan M Sawyer
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Thach Tran
- Global and Women's Health Unit, School of Population and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elissa Kennedy
- Global Adolescent Health Group, Maternal Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - George C Patton
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Budi Wiweko
- Research and Social Services, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Peter S Azzopardi
- Global Adolescent Health Group, Maternal Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Aboriginal Health Equity Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Australia.
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17
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Kebbe M, Perez A, Buchholz A, McHugh TLF, Scott SD, Richard C, Dyson MP, Ball GDC. End-user perspectives to inform policy and program decisions: a qualitative and quantitative content analysis of lifestyle treatment recommendations by adolescents with obesity. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:418. [PMID: 31699060 PMCID: PMC6839254 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1749-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lifestyle modifications represent the first line of treatment in obesity management; however, many adolescents with obesity do not meet lifestyle recommendations. Given that adolescents are rarely consulted during health policy development and in the design of lifestyle interventions, their first-hand experiences, preferences, and priorities may not be represented. Accordingly, our purpose was to explore adolescents’ lifestyle treatment recommendations to inform policy and program decisions. Methods Conducted from July 2017 to January 2018, this study adhered to a qualitative, crosslanguage, patient-oriented design. We recruited 19 13–17-year-old adolescents (body mass index [BMI] ≥85th percentile) seeking multidisciplinary treatment for obesity in geographically and culturally diverse regions of Canada. Adolescents participated in one-on-one, in-person, semi-structured interviews in English or French. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, managed using NVivo 11, and analyzed using quantitative and qualitative content analysis by two independent researchers. Results Adolescents’ recommendations were organized into five categories, each of which denotes health as a collective responsibility: (i) establish parental support within limits, (ii) improve accessibility and availability of ‘healthy foods’, (iii) limit deceptive practices in food marketing, (iv) improve accessibility and availability of varied physical activity opportunities, and (v) delay school start times. Respect for individual autonomy and decision-making capacity were identified as particularly important, however these were confronted with adolescents’ partial knowledge on nutrition and food literacy. Conclusions Adolescents’ recommendations highlighted multi-level, multi-component factors that influenced their ability to lead healthy lifestyles. Uptake of these recommendations by policy-makers and program developers may be of added value for lifestyle treatment targeting adolescents with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kebbe
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405 - 87 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - A Perez
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405 - 87 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - A Buchholz
- Centre for Healthy Active Living, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - T-L F McHugh
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - S D Scott
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - C Richard
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - M P Dyson
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405 - 87 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - G D C Ball
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405 - 87 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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"What being healthy means to me": A qualitative analysis uncovering the core categories of adolescents' perception of health. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218727. [PMID: 31226145 PMCID: PMC6588228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies exploring adolescents’ perception of health are still scarce in the international literature. Through a qualitative analysis, this study aims to explore the core categories or themes evoked when adolescents describe what it means to be healthy and unhealthy. Methods A convenience purposive sample of 34 15-year-old students from three different upper secondary schools took part in a 2-hour group discussion session. During the session, two conceptual projective techniques, the collage creation and the think-aloud technique, were used to elicit perceptions and descriptions of the typical healthy and unhealthy adolescent. Perceptions and descriptions voiced by adolescents were analysed through content analysis, and the key concepts that emerged were grouped so that core categories or themes could be identified. Results The analysis revealed five core categories that adolescents used to describe what being healthy or unhealthy meant to them: physical appearance, personal commitment and goals, possessions and space, use of free time, and social belonging. Conclusions Instead of those approaches that focuses solely on the avoidance of risk, the identified core categories or themes might be the basics around which health promotion programmes in adolescence should be built. Engaging students in planning for their future and assisting them in mapping out crucial steps to meet their personal goals, including life, academic, and career goals, is a suitable way to address issues that are meaningful to adolescent health.
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19
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Aceves-Martins M, Aleman-Diaz AY, Giralt M, Solà R. Involving young people in health promotion, research and policy-making: practical recommendations. Int J Qual Health Care 2019; 31:147-153. [PMID: 29788085 DOI: 10.1093/intqhc/mzy113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Youth is a dynamic and complex transition period in life where many factors jeopardise its present and future health. Youth involvement enables young people to influence processes and decisions that affect them, leading to changes in themselves and their environment (e.g. peers, services, communities and policies); this strategy could be applied to improve health and prevent diseases. Nonetheless, scientific evidence of involving youth in health-related programmes is scarce. The aim of this paper is to describe youth involvement as a health promotion strategy and to compile practical recommendations for health promoters, researchers and policy-makers interested in successful involvement of young people in health-related programmes. These suggestions aim to encourage a positive working synergy between adults and youth during the development, implementation and evaluation of policies, research and/or health promotion efforts that target adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magaly Aceves-Martins
- WHO Collaborative Centre for International Child and Adolescent Health Policy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland, UK.,Child and Adolescent Health Research Unit, School of Medicine, Medical and Biological Sciences Building, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland, UK.,Health Education and Promotion, Medicine and Surgery Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Research Group, Medicine and Surgery Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Aixa Y Aleman-Diaz
- WHO Collaborative Centre for International Child and Adolescent Health Policy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland, UK.,Child and Adolescent Health Research Unit, School of Medicine, Medical and Biological Sciences Building, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland, UK
| | - Montse Giralt
- Health Education and Promotion, Medicine and Surgery Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Research Group, Medicine and Surgery Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Rosa Solà
- Health Education and Promotion, Medicine and Surgery Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Research Group, Medicine and Surgery Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
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Törrönen J, Roumeliotis F, Samuelsson E, Kraus L, Room R. Why are young people drinking less than earlier? Identifying and specifying social mechanisms with a pragmatist approach. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2019; 64:13-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Diamant-Wilson R, Blakey JM. "Strap up:" Sexual socialization and safer sex practices among African American youth in foster care. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2019; 88:466-477. [PMID: 30420293 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent sexual health is often reflected through a problem-oriented lens. This serves to reinforce prevailing sexual scripts and cultural images of disenfranchised youth. Very little is known about the support young people in foster care, particularly youth of color, need to stay sexually healthy and safe. This article presents data on the sources and types of sexual socialization experiences that supported African American transitional age youth in foster care to protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Eighteen African American participants (18 to 21-years old) who reported condom use in two quantitative interviews were selected to participate in a qualitative interview. A mapping exercise and thematic analyses were used to identify the participants' sources of support and sexual socialization experiences. The study's findings indicated the youth had a combination of informal and formal sources that conveyed four types of STI/HIV prevention messages: Effective, Affective, Affinity, & Tangible. The majority of the participants (83%) received all four types of STI/HIV prevention messages from adult, partner and/or peer sources. Sources who motivated the participants the most to protect against STIs/HIV had a strong relationship with the youth and communicated openly about safer sex practices. Results of this study provide implications for future research as well as indications for practice that may be incorporated into training for child welfare practitioners, foster parents, kinship caregivers, and others who encounter youth in foster care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Diamant-Wilson
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Helen Bader School of Social Welfare, 2400 E. Hartford Avenue, 1165 Enderis Hall, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA.
| | - Joan M Blakey
- Tulane University School of Social Work, 127 Elk Place, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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Gut V, Schmid J, Schmid J, Conzelmann A. The Bernese Motive and Goal Inventory for Adolescence and Young Adulthood. Front Psychol 2019; 9:2785. [PMID: 30740081 PMCID: PMC6357923 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise- and sport-related motives and goals are important motivational factors in promoting exercise and sport among adolescents and young adults. However, at present, there is no well-validated instrument to assess these factors that considers age-specific characteristics. Therefore, the goals of this study were to adapt the existing Bernese Motive and Goal Inventory in exercise and sport for middle-aged adults for use in adolescents and young adults and to examine its psychometric properties. The Bernese Motive and Goal Inventory for adolescence and young adulthood was validated with 2,318 participants aged between 14 to 34 years old. Applying exploratory structural equation modeling, the inventory demonstrated excellent model fit (CFI = 0.983, SRMR = 0.014, RMSEA = 0.040) using 26 items and covering eight motives and goals: Contact, Competition/Performance, Distraction/Catharsis, Body/Appearance, Health, Fitness, Aesthetics, and Risk/Challenge. A cross-validation confirmed the factor structure. Psychometric analyses revealed good reliabilities (CR ≥ 0.70, AVE ≥ 0.50, test-retest reliability: 0.62 ≤ rtt ≤ 0.83) and discriminant validity. The factors correlated, in predictable ways, with exercise- and sport-related self-concordance, indicating criterion validity of the inventory. Additionally, metric measurement invariance was supported for activity levels, gender, and age. Overall, the Bernese Motive and Goal Inventory for adolescence and young adulthood is an age-specific, economical, and psychometrically sound questionnaire to assess exercise- and sport-related motives and goals. The inventory can be used in the practical field of exercise and sport promotion (e.g., sport counseling), as well as in research, to better understand the mechanisms and effects of motives and goals in exercise and sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Gut
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Julia Schmid
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Schmid
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Achim Conzelmann
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Jakobsson M, Josefsson K, Jutengren G, Sandsjö L, Högberg K. Sleep duration and sleeping difficulties among adolescents: exploring associations with school stress, self‐perception and technology use. Scand J Caring Sci 2018; 33:197-206. [DOI: 10.1111/scs.12621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Malin Jakobsson
- Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare University of Borås Borås Sweden
| | - Karin Josefsson
- Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare University of Borås Borås Sweden
| | - Göran Jutengren
- Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare University of Borås Borås Sweden
| | - Leif Sandsjö
- Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare University of Borås Borås Sweden
| | - Karin Högberg
- Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare University of Borås Borås Sweden
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Vitus K. Ideology and resistance in young people's experiences of health under the 'imperative of enjoyment'. SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2017; 39:1514-1528. [PMID: 28921574 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.12611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This article explores upper secondary school students' understandings and experiences of health in Denmark, where public health promotions appeal to pleasure. Health promotion thereby taps into capitalist society's 'imperative of enjoyment', which reproduces ideological fantasies about the fulfilment of desires through the consumption of health. Based on qualitative empirical material produced through participatory and visual methods during fieldwork conducted in 2012, the analysis shows that relations between healthiness and pleasure are conflated and paradoxical: the students try to fit into society not only by being healthy, but also by enjoying healthiness; but if they fail pleasure, they fail healthiness and experience a loss of individual social value. Although the 'enjoyment society' has the potential to produce individualisation and marginalisation, the students in this study actively attempt to subvert its double bind by insisting that collective experiences with peers constitutes the foundation of enjoyable healthiness. Nevertheless, public health promotions that reproduce enjoyment as an imperative, even in the pursuit of health, risk reinforcing young people's resistance towards health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrine Vitus
- Department of Sociology and Social Work, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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25
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Wise NJ. Pregnant Adolescents, Beliefs About Healthy Eating, Factors that Influence Food Choices, and Nutrition Education Preferences. J Midwifery Womens Health 2016; 60:410-8. [PMID: 26255801 DOI: 10.1111/jmwh.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Healthy eating among pregnant adolescents is essential for the well-being of developing adolescent females and their fetuses, as well as for the prevention of adult chronic illness. Understanding factors that influence and prohibit healthy eating, along with preferences for nutrition education in the pregnant adolescent population, is critical when designing and implementing appropriate nutrition education programs. The purpose of this study was to collect individual viewpoints of pregnant adolescents to facilitate the development of a nutrition intervention. METHODS This qualitative study using focus group methodology was conducted among pregnant adolescents. Participants (N = 14) were recruited through and teen parenting programs in the Mid-Atlantic region. Focus groups were guided by 6 open-ended questions that were developed based on implications from a previous study that surveyed eating habits of pregnant adolescents. Data were analyzed and coded using verbatim transcripts. Transcripts were read carefully for overall content and identification of major categories and then compared for similar and contrasting data. RESULTS Four recurring themes emerged that described beliefs about healthy eating, influences on food choices, and nutrition education preferences: 1) pregnant adolescents demonstrate overall knowledge of healthy foods but are unwilling to give up unhealthy foods; 2) parents, offspring, and pregnancy influence healthy eating habits; 3) pregnant adolescents choose foods based on appearance and taste, cravings, convenience, and cost; and 4) pregnancy alters eating habits. Nutrition education in this population should be peer- and adolescent-focused and incorporate preferred methods of learning and favored incentives. DISCUSSION Pregnant adolescents are more likely to attend educational programs that are population-specific and peer-focused, and include incentives that make cooking easier, more convenient, and affordable. Program content should be available to potential participants ahead of time. Preferred methods of learning include video format, peer discussion, and hands-on cooking with active participation in food preparation. Foods that are prepared should be visually appealing and adolescent-friendly.
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Racey M, Machmueller D, Field D, Kulak V, Newton GS. Perceptions and use of sources of health knowledge by young adolescents. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2016; 30:/j/ijamh.ahead-of-print/ijamh-2016-0002/ijamh-2016-0002.xml. [PMID: 27299195 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2016-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding how adolescents acquire health knowledge and where they currently seek answers to health-related questions may facilitate the development of interventions that will be both engaging and effective, and may help to improve health over the short- and long-term. OBJECTIVE The present study sought to investigate the perception and use of sources of health knowledge by young adolescents as stratified by gender. METHODS Thirty 50-min long focus groups were conducted with 143 participants. Focus group questions were built around the following three main categories: sources of knowledge, including preferred sources, sources accessed for general health, and sources accessed for personal/sensitive health; health information and behaviour change, including characteristics of health knowledge presentation that have influenced behaviour change; and learning preferences to promote behaviour change. Content analysis of focus group transcripts was performed. RESULTS The use of sources of health knowledge was similar between genders, with some differences noted between sources accessed for general as compared to personal health questions. As well, motivation appeared to be the primary influence of health behaviour change, with knowledge being reported as both as positive and neutral influence, most notably in the areas of diet and exercise. Lastly, adolescents reported several characteristics of health knowledge presentation that they felt would motivate positive behaviour change, including engaging and participatory activities. CONCLUSION These results should be considered in the development of interventions to improve health-related behaviour in adolescents, although future research to quantify the use of sources of health knowledge by this population is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Racey
- University of Guelph, Department of Human Health and Nutritional Science, 50 Stone Rd. E., Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - David Machmueller
- University of Guelph, Department of Human Health and Nutritional Science, 50 Stone Rd. E., Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - David Field
- University of Guelph, Department of Human Health and Nutritional Science, 50 Stone Rd. E., Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Verena Kulak
- University of Guelph, Department of Human Health and Nutritional Science, 50 Stone Rd. E., Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Genevieve S Newton
- University of Guelph, Department of Human Health and Nutritional Science, 50 Stone Rd. E., Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada, Phone: +519-824-4120 ext. 56822, Fax: +519-763-5902
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Randell E, Jerdén L, Öhman A, Flacking R. What is Health and What is Important for its Achievement? A Qualitative Study on Adolescent Boys' Perceptions and Experiences of Health. Open Nurs J 2016; 10:26-35. [PMID: 27347252 PMCID: PMC4894944 DOI: 10.2174/1874434601610010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Few qualitative studies have explored adolescent boys' perceptions of health. AIM The aim of this study was therefore to explore how adolescent boys understand the concept of health and what they find important for its achievement. METHODS Grounded theory was used as a method to analyse interviews with 33 adolescent boys aged 16 to 17 years attending three upper secondary schools in a relatively small town in Sweden. RESULTS There was a complexity in how health was perceived, experienced, dealt with, and valued. Although health on a conceptual level was described as 'holistic', health was experienced and dealt with in a more dualistic manner, one in which the boys were prone to differentiate between mind and body. Health was experienced as mainly emotional and relational, whereas the body had a subordinate value. The presence of positive emotions, experiencing self-esteem, balance in life, trustful relationships, and having a sense of belonging were important factors for health while the body was experienced as a tool to achieve health, as energy, and as a condition. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that young, masculine health is largely experienced through emotions and relationships and thus support theories on health as a social construction of interconnected processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Randell
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, 791 88 Falun, Sweden
| | - Lars Jerdén
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Center for Clinical Research Dalarna, Nissers väg 3, 79172 Falun, Sweden
| | - Ann Öhman
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Gender Studies (UCGS), Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Renée Flacking
- School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, 791 88 Falun, Sweden
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Lemma P, Borraccino A, Berchialla P, Dalmasso P, Charrier L, Vieno A, Lazzeri G, Cavallo F. Well-being in 15-year-old adolescents: a matter of relationship with school. J Public Health (Oxf) 2014; 37:573-80. [PMID: 25525193 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdu095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychosomatic health complaints are significant indicators of adolescent well-being. The aim of this study is to describe the full set of interactions between health complaints and the presence of subjective resources, represented by the quality of relationships with parents and peers and by a positive school perception, in a population of 15-year-old adolescents. Smoking and alcohol consumption were also included in the analyses. METHODS Bayesian networks were built for males and females separately, in order to understand the interactions among all considered variables in a representative sample of 16 018 Italian adolescents participating in the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children survey 2009-10. RESULTS The resulting networks show that school is the crucial node linking adolescents' well-being with parents and peer relationships, as well as with smoking and alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents' well-being, as well as the prevalence of typical risk behaviours, such as smoking and alcohol consumption, is mediated by the adolescents' academic stress. Therefore, public health interventions, to be effective, should consider addressing the school environment by making it a more inclusive environment promoting critical thinking and sense of belonging rather than just focusing on personal behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Lemma
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Alberto Borraccino
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Berchialla
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano (To), Italy
| | - Paola Dalmasso
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Lorena Charrier
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Alessio Vieno
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Giacomo Lazzeri
- Department of Physiopathology Experimental Medicine and Public Health, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Franco Cavallo
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
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Scott-Parker B. Experiences of teen drivers and their advice for the learner license phase. TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION 2014; 16:109-115. [PMID: 24730571 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2014.909594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Teen drivers remain at considerable risk of injury and fatality during the earliest years of independent driving. Multistage licensing programs, such as graduated driver licensing (GDL), have been implemented in numerous jurisdictions as a form of exposure control, mandating minimum practice periods and driving restrictions such as night driving and passenger limits. However, the teen driver's experiences of GDL during the learner phase, and the driving and other advice they recommend be shared with all learners, remains unknown at this time. METHODS Thirty-seven learner drivers (aged 16-18 years, mean = 16.7, mode = 16; 9 males) from 2 high schools (one private, 3 males; one public) participated in one of 2 (group 1: private school, n = 17) 45-min group discussions. RESULTS Two themes emerged: (1) learning to drive and (2) supervision of the learner driver. A wealth of experiences and advice pertaining to the subthemes of supervisor behavior, GDL, road environment, vehicle logistics, and interacting with other road users were shared by learners. Numerous recommendations are made pertaining to each subtheme, such as clear instruction and feedback, tips for negotiating complex infrastructure, and normalizing of outcomes like stalled vehicles when first learning to drive. Furthermore, it appears that current approaches of issuing supporting literature at the commencement of the learner phase are insufficient. CONCLUSIONS The wealth of experiences and advice shared by the learner drivers should be considered in refining the content and process of the learner license phase. Moreover, the nonuse of learner resources suggests that alternative mechanisms of engagement and information dissemination need to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridie Scott-Parker
- a University of the Sunshine Coast Accident Research (USCAR) , Faculty of Arts and Business , University of the Sunshine Coast , Queensland , Australia
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Abstract
Contraception is a pillar in reducing adolescent pregnancy rates. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that pediatricians develop a working knowledge of contraception to help adolescents reduce risks of and negative health consequences related to unintended pregnancy. Over the past 10 years, a number of new contraceptive methods have become available to adolescents, newer guidance has been issued on existing contraceptive methods, and the evidence base for contraception for special populations (adolescents who have disabilities, are obese, are recipients of solid organ transplants, or are HIV infected) has expanded. The Academy has addressed contraception since 1980, and this policy statement updates the 2007 statement on contraception and adolescents. It provides the pediatrician with a description and rationale for best practices in counseling and prescribing contraception for adolescents. It is supported by an accompanying technical report.
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Abstract
A working knowledge of contraception will assist the pediatrician in both sexual health promotion as well as treatment of common adolescent gynecologic problems. Best practices in adolescent anticipatory guidance and screening include a sexual health history, screening for pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections, counseling, and if indicated, providing access to contraceptives. Pediatricians' long-term relationships with adolescents and families allow them to help promote healthy sexual decision-making, including abstinence and contraceptive use. Additionally, medical indications for contraception, such as acne, dysmenorrhea, and heavy menstrual bleeding, are frequently uncovered during adolescent visits. This technical report provides an evidence base for the accompanying policy statement and addresses key aspects of adolescent contraceptive use, including the following: (1) sexual history taking, confidentiality, and counseling; (2) adolescent data on the use and side effects of newer contraceptive methods; (3) new data on older contraceptive methods; and (4) evidence supporting the use of contraceptives in adolescent patients with complex medical conditions.
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Lipstein EA, Muething KA, Dodds CM, Britto MT. "I'm the one taking it": adolescent participation in chronic disease treatment decisions. J Adolesc Health 2013; 53:253-9. [PMID: 23561895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To understand adolescents' roles and preferences in chronic disease treatment decisions, using biologic therapy decisions as an example. METHODS We conducted semistructured interviews with adolescents who have Crohn's disease (n = 7) or juvenile idiopathic arthritis (n = 8). Questions focused on biologic therapy decisions, including who participated, preferred roles, and factors considered in the decision. We used pie charts to help teens describe the division of decisional responsibility. We open-coded the initial interviews to develop a coding structure. Interviews then were coded by two people, with disagreements resolved through discussion. Interviews were analyzed using content analysis. RESULTS Nearly all adolescents participated in the decision about biologic therapy. Roles varied from telling parents about specific symptoms to having the final say in the decision. In addition to discussing their own roles, adolescents identified specific decision-making roles for both parents and physicians. Most factors that influenced adolescents' decision-making related to their quality of life, such as the desire to feel better, concerns about painful injections, and the time needed for treatment. Some adolescents did consider potential side effects and the expected treatment efficacy. Most adolescents were satisfied with how the decision was made, but given a choice would have preferred a different role in the decision. CONCLUSION Adolescents with chronic disease wish to be involved in treatment decision making, but also seek the involvement of parents and physicians. Parents and providers can assist by providing adolescents with relevant information and by helping teens develop the skills necessary for future medical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen A Lipstein
- Center for Innovation in Chronic Disease Care, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Pigford AAE, Willows ND, Holt NL, Newton AS, Ball GDC. Using first nations children's perceptions of food and activity to inform an obesity prevention strategy. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2012; 22:986-996. [PMID: 22645224 DOI: 10.1177/1049732312443737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and associated health risks disproportionately affect Aboriginal (First Nations) children in Canada. The purpose of this research study was to elicit First Nations children's perceptions of food, activity, and health to inform a community-based obesity prevention strategy. Fifteen 4th- and 5th-Grade students participated in one of three focus group interviews that utilized drawing and pile-sorting activities. We used an ecological lens to structure our findings. Analyses revealed that a variety of interdependent sociocultural factors influenced children's perceptions. Embedded within a cultural/traditional worldview, children indicated a preference for foods and activities from both contemporary Western and traditional cultures, highlighted family members as their main sources of health information, and described information gaps in their health education. Informed by children's perspectives, these findings offer guidance for developing an obesity prevention strategy for First Nations children in this community.
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Charmaraman L, Lee AJ, Erkut S. "What if you already know everything about sex?" Content analysis of questions from early adolescents in a middle school sex education program. J Adolesc Health 2012; 50:527-30. [PMID: 22525120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess sixth graders' knowledge and curiosity about sex-related topics that can guide the development of sexual health education and healthcare delivery. METHODS Sixth graders (n = 795) in eight ethnically diverse schools participating in an evaluation of a sex education curriculum submitted 859 anonymous questions that were content analyzed. The χ(2) analysis examined whether the themes varied by coed/single-sex environments or by school-level sexual risk. RESULTS Sexual activity, female anatomy, reproduction, and puberty were the most frequently mentioned topics, whereas, questions on STIs, sexual violence, and drug/alcohol use were fewer. Questions that avoided sexual topics came from lower sexual-risk schools; students at higher-risk schools asked about sexual initiation, contraception, vaginal and anal sex, general health, and pain during sex. Single-sex classrooms elicited more direct and explicit questions about sex. CONCLUSIONS The results are relevant to educators and healthcare providers who ask and answer questions from early adolescents regarding sexual health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Charmaraman
- Wellesley Centers for Women, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA 02481-8203, USA.
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