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Garnica M, Ramos JF, Machado CM. Endemic viral infections in immunocompromised hosts: Dengue, Chikungunya, Zika. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2024; 37:238-244. [PMID: 38842472 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000001026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Arbovirus infections are a challenge for immunocompromised hosts who travel to or live in endemic regions or who receive organs or tissues from donors who travel or live in such areas. This review addresses Dengue (DENV), Chikungunya (CHIKV), and Zika (ZIKV) infections in hematological patients, hematopoietic cell or solid organ transplant recipients, and people with HIV (PWH). RECENT FINDINGS Transmission is mainly due through Aedes mosquito bite. DENV and ZIKV may also be transmitted through blood, tissues or donor grafts. Clinical manifestations are quite similar and diagnosis requires laboratory confirmation to provide appropriate management. The best diagnostic method is PCR since serology may present false negative results in immunocompromised patients, or cross-reactivity as in the case of DENV and ZIKV. There is no specific treatment for any of these infections. SUMMARY Educational and preventive measures are the best strategy: vector control, knowledge of the vector's habits, protection against mosquito bites, avoiding travel to endemic areas or with a current epidemic, and avoiding nonvector transmission according to local recommendations for donor deferral. Vaccination, currently only available for DENV, has not yet been studied in immunocompromised patients and is not currently recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Garnica
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and Complexo Hospitalar de Niteroi (CHN-DASA), Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro
| | | | - Clarisse Martins Machado
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Dimas Martins A, Roberts M, Ten Bosch Q, Heesterbeek H. Indirect interaction between an endemic and an invading pathogen: A case study of Plasmodium and Usutu virus dynamics in a shared bird host population. Theor Popul Biol 2024; 157:118-128. [PMID: 38626854 DOI: 10.1016/j.tpb.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Infectious disease agents can influence each other's dynamics in shared host populations. We consider such influence for two mosquito-borne infections where one pathogen is endemic at the time that a second pathogen invades. We regard a setting where the vector has a bias towards biting host individuals infected with the endemic pathogen and where there is a cost to co-infected hosts. As a motivating case study, we regard Plasmodium spp., that cause avian malaria, as the endemic pathogen, and Usutu virus (USUV) as the invading pathogen. Hosts with malaria attract more mosquitoes compared to susceptible hosts, a phenomenon named vector bias. The possible trade-off between the vector-bias effect and the co-infection mortality is studied using a compartmental epidemic model. We focus first on the basic reproduction number R0 for Usutu virus invading into a malaria-endemic population, and then explore the long-term dynamics of both pathogens once Usutu virus has become established. We find that the vector bias facilitates the introduction of malaria into a susceptible population, as well as the introduction of Usutu in a malaria-endemic population. In the long term, however, both a vector bias and co-infection mortality lead to a decrease in the number of individuals infected with either pathogen, suggesting that avian malaria is unlikely to be a promoter of Usutu invasion. This proposed approach is general and allows for new insights into other negative associations between endemic and invading vector-borne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afonso Dimas Martins
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Mick Roberts
- New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study and the Infectious Disease Research Centre, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Quirine Ten Bosch
- Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Heesterbeek
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Burns PA, Mutunga C. Addressing the Impact of Climate Change on Sexual and Reproductive Health Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. GLOBAL HEALTH, SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2024; 12:GHSP-D-23-00374. [PMID: 38365281 PMCID: PMC10906547 DOI: 10.9745/ghsp-d-23-00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to better understand the role of climate change on sexual and reproductive health outcomes, particularly among adolescent girls and young women in low- and middle-income countries. Stakeholders at all levels should apply a rights-based, gendered approach to climate action and adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Burns
- Department of Population Health Science, John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
- U.S. Agency for International Development, Bureau for Global Health, Office of Population and Reproductive Health, Division of Research, Technology and Utilization, Washington, DC
- American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington, DC
| | - Clive Mutunga
- BUILD (Building Capacity for Integrated Family Planning & Reproductive Health and Population, Environment and Development Action), The African Institute for Development for Policy, Lilongwe, Malawi
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Vista FES, Tantengco OAG, Dispo MD, Opiso DMS, Badua CLDC, Gerardo JPZ, Perez JRM, Baldo KAT, Chao DY, Dalmacio LMM. Trends in ELISA-Based Flavivirus IgG Serosurveys: A Systematic Review. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8040224. [PMID: 37104349 PMCID: PMC10143827 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8040224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses include virus species that are major public health threats worldwide. To determine the immunity landscape of these viruses, seroprevalence studies are often performed using IgG ELISA, which is a simple and rapid alternative to the virus neutralization test. In this review, we aim to describe the trends in flavivirus IgG ELISA-based serosurveys. A systematic literature review using six databases was performed to collate cohort and cross-sectional studies performed on the general population. A total of 204 studies were included in this review. The results show that most studies were performed on dengue virus (DENV), whereas Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) was the least studied. For geographic distribution, serosurveys followed known disease prevalence. Temporally, the number of serosurveys increased after outbreaks and epidemics except for JEV, for which studies were performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of vaccination campaigns. Commercial kits were more commonly used than in-house assays for DENV, West Nile Virus (WNV), and Zika virus (ZIKV). Overall, most studies employed an indirect ELISA format, and the choice of antigens varied per virus. This review shows that flavivirus epidemiology is related to the regional and temporal distribution of serosurveys. It also highlights that endemicity, cross-reactivities, and kit availabilities affect assay choice in serosurveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Ericka S Vista
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines
| | - Ourlad Alzeus G Tantengco
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines
- Department of Biology, College of Science, De La Salle University, Manila 0922, Philippines
| | - Micah D Dispo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines
| | - Danna Mae S Opiso
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines
| | - Christian Luke D C Badua
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines
| | - John Patrick Z Gerardo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines
| | - Juan Raphael M Perez
- College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines
| | - Karol Ann T Baldo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines
| | - Day-Yu Chao
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Leslie Michelle M Dalmacio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines
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Cottis S, Blisnick AA, Failloux AB, Vernick KD. Determinants of Chikungunya and O'nyong-Nyong Virus Specificity for Infection of Aedes and Anopheles Mosquito Vectors. Viruses 2023; 15:589. [PMID: 36992298 PMCID: PMC10051923 DOI: 10.3390/v15030589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases caused by viruses and parasites are responsible for more than 700 million infections each year. Anopheles and Aedes are the two major vectors for, respectively, malaria and arboviruses. Anopheles mosquitoes are the primary vector of just one known arbovirus, the alphavirus o'nyong-nyong virus (ONNV), which is closely related to the chikungunya virus (CHIKV), vectored by Aedes mosquitoes. However, Anopheles harbor a complex natural virome of RNA viruses, and a number of pathogenic arboviruses have been isolated from Anopheles mosquitoes in nature. CHIKV and ONNV are in the same antigenic group, the Semliki Forest virus complex, are difficult to distinguish via immunodiagnostic assay, and symptomatically cause essentially the same human disease. The major difference between the arboviruses appears to be their differential use of mosquito vectors. The mechanisms governing this vector specificity are poorly understood. Here, we summarize intrinsic and extrinsic factors that could be associated with vector specificity by these viruses. We highlight the complexity and multifactorial aspect of vectorial specificity of the two alphaviruses, and evaluate the level of risk of vector shift by ONNV or CHIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solène Cottis
- Genetics and Genomics of Insect Vectors Unit, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, F-75015 Paris, France
- Graduate School of Life Sciences ED515, Sorbonne Université UPMC Paris VI, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Adrien A. Blisnick
- Arboviruses and Insect Vectors Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Anna-Bella Failloux
- Arboviruses and Insect Vectors Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Kenneth D. Vernick
- Genetics and Genomics of Insect Vectors Unit, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, F-75015 Paris, France
- Graduate School of Life Sciences ED515, Sorbonne Université UPMC Paris VI, 75252 Paris, France
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Mac PA, Airiohuodion PE, Zubair S, Tadele M, Aighobahi JO, Anyaike C, Kroeger A, Panning M. Antibody seropositivity and endemicity of chikungunya and Zika viruses in Nigeria. ANIMAL DISEASES 2023; 3:7. [PMID: 36968287 PMCID: PMC10034229 DOI: 10.1186/s44149-023-00070-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne infections are of global health concern because of their rapid spread and upsurge, which creates a risk for coinfections. chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus disease transmitted by Aedes aegypti or A. albopictus, and malaria, a parasitic disease transmitted by Anopheles gambiae, are prevalent in Nigeria and neighbouring countries, but their burden and possible coinfections are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the antibody seropositivity and endemicity of chikungunya and Zika viruses (ZIKV) in three regions of Nigeria. A cross-sectional sero-survey was conducted on 871 participants. Samples were collected from outpatients by simple random sampling. Analyses of the samples were performed using recomLine Tropical Fever for the presence of antibody serological marker IgG immunoblot with CHIKV VLP (virus like particle), ZIKV NS1 and ZIKV Equad according to manufacturers’ instructions and malaria RDT for malaria parasite. There was a significantly higher antibody seropositivity against CHIKV in the central region than in the northern and southern regions (69.5%, 291/419), while ZIKV-seropositivity (22.4%, 34/152) and CHIKV-ZIKV co-circulating antibody seropositivity (17.8%, 27/152) were notably higher in the southern region than in the central and northern regions. This investigation revealed an unexpectedly high antibody seropositivity and concealed endemicity of CHIKV and ZIKV in three Nigerian regions. The seropositivity of detectable antibodies differed among the three geographical locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Asaga Mac
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Freiburg, Hermann Herder Str, 11, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philomena E. Airiohuodion
- grid.3575.40000000121633745World Health Organization, Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
| | - Shaistha Zubair
- grid.3575.40000000121633745World Health Organization, WHO/NTD Unit, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
- grid.449054.80000 0004 0426 5233Maldives National University, Buruzu, Magu, Male, Maldives
| | - Markos Tadele
- grid.463251.70000 0001 2195 6683Ethiopian Institute Of Agricultural Research/EIAR, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Jude, O. Aighobahi
- Icon Clinical Research, Heinrich-Hertz Starsse 26, 63225 Langen Hessen, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chukwuma Anyaike
- grid.434433.70000 0004 1764 1074Federal Ministry of Health, National Tuberculosis and Leprosy ControlProgramme, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Axel Kroeger
- grid.5963.9Centre for Medicine and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Panning
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Freiburg, Hermann Herder Str, 11, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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Gonçalves Maciel LH, Vieira da Rocha Neto C, Ferreira Martins Y, de Azevedo Furtado F, Cunha Teixeira P, Oliveira Dias MY, Batista Rodrigues YK, Ribeiro Piauilino IC, Damasceno Pinto S, Côrte Alencar AC, de Lima Gimaque JB, Gomes Mourão MP, Guimarães Lacerda MV, da Costa Castilho M, Bôtto-Menezes C. Prevalence of arboviruses and other infectious causes of skin rash in patients treated at a tertiary health unit in the Brazilian Amazon. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010727. [PMID: 36228027 PMCID: PMC9560595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the clinical course of diseases such as arboviruses, skin rashes may appear, as is often seen in other infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of arboviruses and other infectious causes of skin rash in a tertiary health unit in Manaus, Amazonas state, Western Brazilian Amazon. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS This was a cross-sectional study of patients presenting with rash who sought care at Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD) from February 2018 to May 2019. Individuals of either gender, aged over 18 years, were invited to participate voluntarily. Infection by Zika virus (ZIKV), dengue virus (DENV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), Mayaro virus (MAYV), Oropouche virus (OROV) and measles was evaluated using RT-qPCR (real-time polymerase chain reaction). Immunodiagnostic tests for EBV, CMV, HIV, syphilis, rubella and measles were also performed. A total of 340 participants were included, most were female (228, 67.1%) with an average age of 36.5 years (SD ± 12.2 years). The highest prevalence was of ZIKV monoinfections (65.3%, 222/340), followed by DENV (0.9%, 3/340) and CHIKV infection (0.3%, 1/340). No cases of MAYV, OROV or rubella were found. Other causes of skin rash were detected: measles (2.9%, 10/340), parvovirus B19 (0.9% 3/340), HIV (0.3%, 1/340) and syphilis 0.6% (2/340). The co-infections identified were ZIKV+HIV (0.3%, 1/340), ZIKV+measles (0.3%, 1/340), ZIKV+parvovirus B19 (0.3%, 1/340), ZIKV+EBV (0.3%, 1/340), EBV+parvovirus B19 (0.3%, 1/340), CMV+parvovirus B19 (0.6%, 2/340), CMV+syphilis (0.3%, 1/340), ZIKV+EBV+parvovirus B19 (0.3%, 1/340) and CMV+EBV+parvovirus B19 (0.9%, 3/340). Approximately one quarter of patients had no defined cause for their skin rash (25.3%, 86/340). CONCLUSIONS Despite the benign clinical evolution of most of the diseases diagnosed in this series of cases, syndromic surveillance of diseases such as syphilis and HIV are of utmost importance. Periodic serosurveillance might also aid in evaluating the trends of endemic diseases and eventual outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cosmo Vieira da Rocha Neto
- Programa de Iniciação Científica, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Viera Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
| | - Yasmin Ferreira Martins
- Programa de Iniciação Científica, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Viera Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
| | | | - Pâmela Cunha Teixeira
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Viera Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Maianne Yasmin Oliveira Dias
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sérgio Damasceno Pinto
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Viera Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Paula Gomes Mourão
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Viera Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Guimarães Lacerda
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Viera Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane (ILMD–Fiocruz Amazônia), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Bôtto-Menezes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Viera Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Inhibition of dengue virus infection by trifluoperazine. Arch Virol 2022; 167:2203-2212. [PMID: 35920983 PMCID: PMC9362669 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05555-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV), a member of the genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae, is the most widespread viral pathogen transmitted to humans by mosquitoes. Despite the increased incidence of DENV infection, there are no antiviral drugs available for treatment or prevention. Phenothiazines are heterocyclic compounds with various pharmacological properties that are very adaptable for drug repurposing. In the present report, we analyzed the antiviral activity against DENV and the related Zika virus (ZIKV) of trifluoperazine (TFP), a phenothiazine derivative in clinical use as an antipsychotic and antiemetic agent. TFP exhibited dose-dependent inhibitory activity against the four DENV serotypes and ZIKV in monkey Vero cells at non-cytotoxic concentrations with 50% effective concentration values in the range 1.6-6.4 µM. A similar level of antiviral efficacy was exhibited by TFP against flavivirus infection in the human cell lines A549 and HepG2. Mechanistic studies, performed using time-dependent infectivity assays, real-time RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence techniques, indicated that uncoating of the virus during penetration into the cell was the main target for TFP in infected cells, but the compound also exerted a minor effect on a late stage of the virus multiplication cycle. This study demonstrates that TFP, a pharmacologically active phenothiazine, is a selective inhibitor of DENV multiplication in cell culture. Our findings open perspectives for the repositioning of phenothiazines like TFP with a wide spectrum of antiviral efficacy as potential agents for the control of pathogenic flaviviruses.
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Yadav PD, Kaur H, Gupta N, Sahay RR, Sapkal GN, Shete AM, Deshpande GR, Mohandas S, Majumdar T, Patil S, Pandit P, Kumar A, Nyayanit DA, Sreelatha KH, Manjusree S, Sami H, Khan HM, Malhotra A, Dhingra K, Gadepalli R, Sudha Rani V, Singh MK, Joshi Y, Dudhmal M, Duggal N, Chabbra M, Dar L, Gawande P, Yemul J, Kalele K, Arjun R, Nagamani K, Borkakoty B, Sahoo G, Praharaj I, Dutta S, Barde P, Jaryal SC, Rawat V. Zika a Vector Borne Disease Detected in Newer States of India Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:888195. [PMID: 35756041 PMCID: PMC9226610 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.888195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, outbreaks of Zika were reported from Kerala, Uttar Pradesh, and Maharashtra, India in 2021. The Dengue and Chikungunya negative samples were retrospectively screened to determine the presence of the Zika virus from different geographical regions of India. Methods During May to October 2021, the clinical samples of 1475 patients, across 13 states and a union territory of India were screened and re-tested for Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika by CDC Trioplex Real time RT-PCR. The Zika rRTPCR positive samples were further screened with anti-Zika IgM and Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test. Next generation sequencing was used for further molecular characterization. Results The positivity was observed for Zika (67), Dengue (121), and Chikungunya (10) amongst screened cases. The co-infections of Dengue/Chikungunya, Dengue/Zika, and Dengue/Chikungunya/Zika were also observed. All Zika cases were symptomatic with fever (84%) and rash (78%) as major presenting symptoms. Of them, four patients had respiratory distress, one presented with seizures, and one with suspected microcephaly at birth. The Asian Lineage of Zika and all four serotypes of Dengue were found in circulation. Conclusion Our study indicates the spread of the Zika virus to several states of India and an urgent need to strengthen its surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya D Yadav
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Harmanmeet Kaur
- Indian Council of Medical Research, V. Ramalingaswami Bhawan, New Delhi, India
| | - Nivedita Gupta
- Indian Council of Medical Research, V. Ramalingaswami Bhawan, New Delhi, India
| | - Rima R Sahay
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Gajanan N Sapkal
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Anita M Shete
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Gururaj R Deshpande
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | | | - Triparna Majumdar
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Savita Patil
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Priyanka Pandit
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Abhinendra Kumar
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Dimpal A Nyayanit
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - K H Sreelatha
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - S Manjusree
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Hiba Sami
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh, India
| | - Haris Mazoor Khan
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh, India
| | - Anuradha Malhotra
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Government Medical College, Amritsar, India
| | - Kanwardeep Dhingra
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Government Medical College, Amritsar, India
| | - Ravisekhar Gadepalli
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - V Sudha Rani
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Osmania Medical College Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Singh
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, India
| | - Yash Joshi
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Manisha Dudhmal
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Nandini Duggal
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences & Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Mala Chabbra
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences & Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Lalit Dar
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pranita Gawande
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Jyoti Yemul
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Kaumudi Kalele
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | | | - K Nagamani
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Gandhi Medical College, Secunderabad, India
| | - Biswa Borkakoty
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Dibrugarh, India
| | - Ganesh Sahoo
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, ICMR-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Ira Praharaj
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Shanta Dutta
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Pradip Barde
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, Jabalpur, India
| | - S C Jaryal
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Tanda, India
| | - Vinita Rawat
- Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Government Medical College, Haldwani, India
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10
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Gao Y, Tai W, Wang X, Jiang S, Debnath AK, Du L, Chen S. A gossypol derivative effectively protects against Zika and dengue virus infection without toxicity. BMC Biol 2022; 20:143. [PMID: 35706035 PMCID: PMC9202104 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01344-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Zika virus (ZIKV) and dengue virus (DENV) cause microcephaly and dengue hemorrhagic fever, respectively, leading to severe problems. No effective antiviral agents are approved against infections of these flaviviruses, calling for the need to develop potent therapeutics. We previously identified gossypol as an effective inhibitor against ZIKV and DENV infections, but this compound is toxic and not suitable for in vivo treatment. Results In this study, we showed that gossypol derivative ST087010 exhibited potent and broad-spectrum in vitro inhibitory activity against infections of at least ten ZIKV strains isolated from different hosts, time periods, and countries, as well as DENV-1-4 serotypes, and significantly reduced cytotoxicity compared to gossypol. It presented broad-spectrum in vivo protective efficacy, protecting ZIKV-infected Ifnar1−/− mice from lethal challenge, with increased survival and reduced weight loss. Ifnar1−/− mice treated with this gossypol derivative decreased viral titers in various tissues, including the brain and testis, after infection with ZIKV at different human isolates. Moreover, ST087010 potently blocked ZIKV vertical transmission in pregnant Ifnar1−/− mice, preventing ZIKV-caused fetal death, and it was safe for pregnant mice and their pups. It also protected DENV-2-challenged Ifnar1−/− mice against viral replication by reducing the viral titers in the brain, kidney, heart, and sera. Conclusions Overall, our data indicate the potential for further development of this gossypol derivative as an effective and safe broad-spectrum therapeutic agent to treat ZIKV and DENV diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01344-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Gao
- Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.,Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Wanbo Tai
- Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Shibo Jiang
- Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Asim K Debnath
- Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Lanying Du
- Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Shizhong Chen
- Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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11
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Kundu A, Maji S, Kumar S, Bhattacharya S, Chakraborty P, Sarkar J. Clinical aspects and presumed etiology of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C): A review. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2022; 14:100966. [PMID: 35132389 PMCID: PMC8810427 DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2022.100966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak sparked by SARS-CoV-2, begat significant rates of malady worldwide, where children with an abnormal post-COVID ailment called the Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C), were reported by April 2020. Here we have reviewed the clinical characteristics of the pediatric patients and the prognosis currently being utilized. A vivid comparison of MIS-C with other clinical conditions has been done. We have addressed the probable etiology and fundamental machinery of the inflammatory reactions, which drive organ failure. The involvement of androgen receptors portrays the likelihood of asymptomatic illness in children below adolescence, contributing to the concept of antibody-dependent enhancement.
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Key Words
- ACE2, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2
- ADE, Antibody-Dependent Enhancement
- AR, Allosomal Androgen Receptor
- ARDS, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
- BNP, Brain Natriuretic Peptide
- CDC, Centres for Disease Control and Prevention
- CRP, C-reactive protein
- ESR, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
- IVIG, Intravenous Immunoglobulin
- KD, Kawasaki Disease
- Kawasaki disease
- LVEF, Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction
- MIS-C
- MIS-C, Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children
- Macrophage and antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE)
- Multiorgan failure
- NLRP3, NLR family Pyrin Domain Containing 3
- PCAID, Pediatric COVID-19 Associated Inflammatory Disorder
- PIMS-TS, Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome Temporally Associated
- PPT, Prolonged Prothrombin Time
- PTT, The Prothrombin Time Test
- Pediatric patient
- RT-PCR, Real Time- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- SARS-COV-2, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
- SARS-CoV-2
- SHLH/MAS, Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis/Macrophage Activation Syndrome
- TMPRSS2, Transmembrane Protease, Serine 2
- TNP, Tumour Necrosis Factor
- TSS, Toxic Shock Syndrome
- TTSPs, Type II Transmembrane Serine Protease
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusrita Kundu
- Department of Botany, Bethune College, Manicktala, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700006, India
| | - Swagata Maji
- Department of Botany, Bethune College, Manicktala, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700006, India
| | - Suchismita Kumar
- Department of Botany, Bethune College, Manicktala, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700006, India
| | - Shreya Bhattacharya
- Department of Botany, Bethune College, Manicktala, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700006, India
| | - Pallab Chakraborty
- Department of Botany, Acharya Prafulla Chandra College, New Barrakpur, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700131, India
| | - Joy Sarkar
- Department of Botany, Dinabandhu Andrews College, Garia, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700084, India,Corresponding author
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12
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Aschengrau A, Mussi-Pinhata MM, Moye J, Chakhtoura N, Patel K, Williams PL, Karalius B, Garvie PA, Monte D, Whalen F, Lebov J, Seage GR. An International Prospective Cohort Study of HIV and Zika in Infants and Pregnancy (HIV ZIP): Study Protocol. Front Glob Womens Health 2021; 2:574327. [PMID: 34816174 PMCID: PMC8594009 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2021.574327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection may adversely affect pregnancies of women living with HIV (WLHIV). Because no study to date has focused on maternal and child effects of HIV and ZIKV co-infection in pregnant women, we undertook the International Prospective Cohort Study of HIV and Zika in Infants and Pregnancy (HIV ZIP). The aims of this two-phase study of pregnant women and their infants are to compare the incidence of ZIKV infection among pregnant women with and without HIV infection and to determine the risk of adverse maternal and child outcomes associated with ZIKV/HIV co-infection at clinical sites in Brazil, Puerto Rico, and the continental United States. Phase I was designed to enroll pregnant women/infant pairs who were: (1) infected with HIV only, (2) infected with ZIKV only, (3) infected with HIV and ZIKV, and (4) not infected with either HIV or ZIKV. A key goal of this phase was to assess the feasibility of enrolling 200 women/infant pairs within a year, with a target of 150 WLHIV, 50 HIV-uninfected women, and a minimum of 20 who were co-infected with HIV and ZIKV. If the feasibility of Phase I proved successful, Phase II would enroll up to 1,800 additional pregnant women/infant pairs to the same four groups. Enrolled women in both phases were to be followed throughout their pregnancy and up to 6 weeks post-partum. Infants were also to be followed for 1 year after birth. To date, Phase 1 data collection and follow-up have been completed. Delineation of possible harmful effects of HIV/ZIKV co-infection will allow the formulation of standard-of-care recommendations to minimize adverse effects but enable the continuation of preventive HIV therapy. Furthermore, while the prospective HIV ZIP study was developed before the COVID pandemic, it is especially relevant today since it can be easily adapted to provide critically important information on the impact of COVID-19 infection or other still unrecognized new agents among pregnant women and their offspring worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Aschengrau
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marisa M Mussi-Pinhata
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - John Moye
- Maternal Pediatric Infectious Disease Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Nahida Chakhtoura
- Maternal Pediatric Infectious Disease Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kunjal Patel
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Paige L Williams
- Departments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Brad Karalius
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Patricia A Garvie
- Research Department, Children's Diagnostic and Treatment Center, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | | | | | - Jill Lebov
- Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - George R Seage
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
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13
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Logie CH, Toccalino D, Reed AC, Malama K, Newman PA, Weiser S, Harris O, Berry I, Adedimeji A. Exploring linkages between climate change and sexual health: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e054720. [PMID: 34663670 PMCID: PMC8524293 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The effects of climate change and associated extreme weather events (EWEs) present substantial threats to well-being. EWEs hold the potential to harm sexual health through pathways including elevated exposure to HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), disrupted healthcare access, and increased sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV). The WHO defines four components of sexual health: comprehensive sexuality education; HIV and STI prevention and care; SGBV prevention and care; and psychosexual counselling. Yet, knowledge gaps remain regarding climate change and its associations with these sexual health domains. This scoping review will therefore explore the linkages between climate change and sexual health. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Five electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL) will be searched using text words and subject headings (eg, Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), Emtree) related to sexual health and climate change from the inception of each database to May 2021. Grey literature and unpublished reports will be searched using a comprehensive search strategy, including from the WHO, World Bank eLibrary, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The scoping review will consider studies that explore: (a) climate change and EWEs including droughts, heat waves, wildfires, dust storms, hurricanes, flooding rains, coastal flooding and storm surges; alongside (b) sexual health, including: comprehensive sexual health education, sexual health counselling, and HIV/STI acquisition, prevention and/or care, and/or SGBV, including intimate partner violence, sexual assault and rape. Searches will not be limited by language, publication year or geographical location. We will consider quantitative, qualitative, mixed-methods and review articles for inclusion. We will conduct thematic analysis of findings. Data will be presented in narrative and tabular forms. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION There are no formal ethics requirements as we are not collecting primary data. Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and shared at international conferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen H Logie
- Centre for Gender and Sexual Health Equity, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danielle Toccalino
- Rehabilitation Science Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Cooper Reed
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kalonde Malama
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter A Newman
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sheri Weiser
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Orlando Harris
- Department of Community Health Systems, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Isha Berry
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adebola Adedimeji
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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14
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Doxycycline Interferes with Zika Virus Serine Protease and Inhibits Virus Replication in Human Skin Fibroblasts. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144321. [PMID: 34299596 PMCID: PMC8306286 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) represents a re-emerging threat to global health due to its association with congenital birth defects. ZIKV NS2B-NS3 protease is crucial for virus replication by cleaving viral polyprotein at various junctions to release viral proteins and cause cytotoxic effects in ZIKV-infected cells. This study characterized the inhibitory effects of doxycycline against ZIKV NS2B-NS3 protease and viral replication in human skin cells. The in silico data showed that doxycycline binds to the active site of ZIKV protease at a low docking energy (−7.8 Kcal/mol) via four hydrogen bonds with the protease residues TYR1130, SER1135, GLY1151, and ASP83. Doxycycline efficiently inhibited viral NS2B-NS3 protease at average human temperature (37 °C) and human temperature with a high fever during virus infection (40 °C). Interestingly, doxycycline showed a higher inhibitory effect at 40 °C (IC50 = 5.3 µM) compared to 37 °C (9.9 µM). The virus replication was considerably reduced by increasing the concentration of doxycycline. An approximately 50% reduction in virus replication was observed at 20 µM of doxycycline. Treatment with 20 µM of doxycycline reduced the cytopathic effects (CPE), and the 40 µM of doxycycline almost eliminated the CPE of human skin cells. This study showed that doxycycline binds to the ZIKV protease and inhibits its catalytic activity at a low micro-molecular concentration range. Treatment of human skin fibroblast with doxycycline eliminated ZIKV infection and protected the cells against the cytopathic effects of the infection.
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15
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de Almeida Oliveira Evangelista G, Carvalho RH, Menezes GS, Abreu YCD, Sardi SI, Campos GS. Meningoencephalitis associated with Zika virus and Chikungunya virus infection. Jpn J Infect Dis 2021; 74:584-586. [PMID: 33952765 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2020.1000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Etiology of viral meningoencephalitis is frequently unidentified. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) have been known to affect the central nervous system, and should, therefore, be considered for diagnosis of meningoencephalitis since its outcome may be influenced by the etiologic agent, age and immunological condition of the patient. In this study we aimed to determine if CHIKV and ZIKV were the etiological agent of viral encephalitis in meningoencephalitis patients admitted to the main hospital of infectious disease in the city of Salvador, Brazil. From 1049 patients with neurological symptoms who were admitted to the hospital during the time of this study, 149 were enrolled and 20 (13.34%) tested positive for ZIKV (12%) or CHIKV (1.34%). No specific clinical manifestations were observed to be associated to the ZIKV or CHIKV infection. Determination of the etiology of meningitis' and encephalitis' causing agent is important for patient management and correct treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rejane Hughes Carvalho
- Laboratory of Virology, Health Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Yara Carvalho de Abreu
- Laboratory of Virology, Health Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil
| | - Silvia Ines Sardi
- Laboratory of Virology, Health Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil
| | - Gubio Soares Campos
- Laboratory of Virology, Health Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil
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16
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Is the ZIKV Congenital Syndrome and Microcephaly Due to Syndemism with Latent Virus Coinfection? Viruses 2021; 13:v13040669. [PMID: 33924398 PMCID: PMC8069280 DOI: 10.3390/v13040669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of the Zika virus (ZIKV) mirrors its evolutionary nature and, thus, its ability to grow in diversity or complexity (i.e., related to genome, host response, environment changes, tropism, and pathogenicity), leading to it recently joining the circle of closed congenital pathogens. The causal relation of ZIKV to microcephaly is still a much-debated issue. The identification of outbreak foci being in certain endemic urban areas characterized by a high-density population emphasizes that mixed infections might spearhead the recent appearance of a wide range of diseases that were initially attributed to ZIKV. Globally, such coinfections may have both positive and negative effects on viral replication, tropism, host response, and the viral genome. In other words, the possibility of coinfection may necessitate revisiting what is considered to be known regarding the pathogenesis and epidemiology of ZIKV diseases. ZIKV viral coinfections are already being reported with other arboviruses (e.g., chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and dengue virus (DENV)) as well as congenital pathogens (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and cytomegalovirus (HCMV)). However, descriptions of human latent viruses and their impacts on ZIKV disease outcomes in hosts are currently lacking. This review proposes to select some interesting human latent viruses (i.e., herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), human parvovirus B19 (B19V), and human papillomavirus (HPV)), whose virological features and co-exposition with ZIKV may provide evidence of the syndemism process, shedding some light on the emergence of the ZIKV-induced global congenital syndrome in South America.
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17
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Rothan HA, Byrareddy SN. The potential threat of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2021; 32:17-22. [PMID: 32897642 PMCID: PMC7887110 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) during the COVID-19 pandemic raised a global alert from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Health Alert Network. The main manifestations of MIS-C (also known as pediatric MIS (PMIS)) in the setting of a severe inflammatory state include fever, diarrhea, shock, and variable presence of rash, conjunctivitis, extremity edema, and mucous membrane changes. In some cases, these symptoms progressed to multi-organ failure. The low percentage of children with asymptomatic cases compared with mild illness and moderate illness could be correlated with the rare cases of MIS-C. One potential explanation for the progression to severe MIS-C disease despite the presence of readily detectable anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies could be due to the potential role of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). We reason that the incidence of the ADE phenomenon whereby the pathogen-specific antibodies can promote pathology should be considered in vaccine development against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussin A. Rothan
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Georgia State University, GA, USA
| | - Siddappa N. Byrareddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Centre, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Centre, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Centre, Omaha, NE, USA
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18
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Loe MWC, Hao E, Chen M, Li C, Lee RCH, Zhu IXY, Teo ZY, Chin WX, Hou X, Deng J, Chu JJH. Betulinic acid exhibits antiviral effects against dengue virus infection. Antiviral Res 2020; 184:104954. [PMID: 33080251 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is an arthropod-borne virus that has developed into a prominent global health threat in recent decades. The main causative agent of dengue fever, the virus infects an estimated 390 million individuals across the globe each year. Despite the sharply increasing social and economic burden on global society caused by the disease, there is still a glaring lack of effective therapeutics against DENV. In this study, betulinic acid, a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoid was established as an inhibitor of DENV infection in vitro. Time-course studies revealed that betulinic acid inhibits a post-entry stage of the DENV replication cycle and subsequent analyses also showed that the compound is able to inhibit viral RNA synthesis and protein production. Betulinic acid also demonstrated antiviral efficacy against other serotypes of DENV, as well as against other mosquito-borne RNA viruses such as Zika virus and Chikungunya virus, which are commonly found co-circulating together with DENV. As such, betulinic acid may serve as a valuable starting point for the development of antivirals to combat potential DENV outbreaks, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions which make up a large majority of documented infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Wing Choy Loe
- Laboratory of Molecular RNA Virology and Antiviral Strategies, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, MD4 Level 5, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Erwei Hao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530200, China; Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530200, China; China-ASEAN Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Traditional Medicine Research, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530200, China
| | - Meiling Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530200, China; Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530200, China; China-ASEAN Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Traditional Medicine Research, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530200, China
| | - Cong Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530200, China; Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530200, China; China-ASEAN Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Traditional Medicine Research, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530200, China
| | - Regina Ching Hua Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular RNA Virology and Antiviral Strategies, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, MD4 Level 5, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Isabelle Xin Yu Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular RNA Virology and Antiviral Strategies, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, MD4 Level 5, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Zi Yun Teo
- Laboratory of Molecular RNA Virology and Antiviral Strategies, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, MD4 Level 5, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Wei-Xin Chin
- Laboratory of Molecular RNA Virology and Antiviral Strategies, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, MD4 Level 5, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Xiaotao Hou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530200, China; Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530200, China; China-ASEAN Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Traditional Medicine Research, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530200, China
| | - JiaGang Deng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530200, China; Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530200, China; China-ASEAN Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Traditional Medicine Research, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530200, China
| | - Justin Jang Hann Chu
- Laboratory of Molecular RNA Virology and Antiviral Strategies, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, MD4 Level 5, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117597, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos #06-05, 138673, Singapore.
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19
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Kazazian L, Lima Neto AS, Sousa GS, do Nascimento OJ, Castro MC. Spatiotemporal transmission dynamics of co-circulating dengue, Zika, and chikungunya viruses in Fortaleza, Brazil: 2011-2017. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008760. [PMID: 33104708 PMCID: PMC7644107 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mosquito-borne viruses dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), and chikungunya (CHIKV), now co-endemic in the Americas, pose growing threats to health worldwide. However, it remains unclear whether there exist interactions between these viruses that could shape their epidemiology. This study advances knowledge by assessing the transmission dynamics of co-circulating DENV, ZIKV, and CHIKV in the city of Fortaleza, Brazil. Spatiotemporal transmission dynamics of DENV, ZIKV, and CHIKV were analyzed using georeferenced data on over 210,000 reported cases from 2011 to 2017 in Fortaleza, Brazil. Local spatial clustering tests and space-time scan statistics were used to compare transmission dynamics across all years. The transmission of co-circulating viruses in 2016 and 2017 was evaluated at fine spatial and temporal scales using a measure of spatiotemporal dependence, the τ-statistic. Results revealed differences in the diffusion of CHIKV compared to previous DENV epidemics and spatially distinct transmission of DENV/ZIKV and CHIKV during the period of their co-circulation. Significant spatial clustering of viruses of the same type was observed within 14-day time intervals at distances of up to 6.8 km (p<0.05). These results suggest that arbovirus risk is not uniformly distributed within cities during co-circulation. Findings may guide outbreak preparedness and response efforts by highlighting the clustered nature of transmission of co-circulating arboviruses at the neighborhood level. The potential for competitive interactions between the arboviruses should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilit Kazazian
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Antonio S. Lima Neto
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Health Surveillance Department, Fortaleza Municipal Health Secretariat (SMS-Fortaleza), Joaquim Távora, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Health Sciences Center, University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Edson Queiroz, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Geziel S. Sousa
- Health Surveillance Department, Fortaleza Municipal Health Secretariat (SMS-Fortaleza), Joaquim Távora, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Osmar José do Nascimento
- Health Surveillance Department, Fortaleza Municipal Health Secretariat (SMS-Fortaleza), Joaquim Távora, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marcia C. Castro
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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20
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Tallman PS, Riley-Powell AR, Schwarz L, Salmón-Mulanovich G, Southgate T, Pace C, Valdés-Velásquez A, Hartinger SM, Paz-Soldán VA, Lee GO. Ecosyndemics: The potential synergistic health impacts of highways and dams in the Amazon. Soc Sci Med 2020; 295:113037. [PMID: 32475727 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ecosyndemics refer to disease interactions that result from environmental changes commonly caused by humans. In this paper, we push scholarship on ecosyndemics into new territory by using the ecosyndemic framework to compare two case studies-the Southern Interoceanic highway in Peru and the Belo Monte hydroelectric dam in Brazil-to assess the likelihood of socio-environmental factors interacting and leading to ill health in a syndemic fashion. Assessing these two case studies using an ecosyndemic perspective, we find that the construction of dams and highways in tropical forests create the conditions for increases in vector-borne illnesses, surges in sex work and sexually-transmitted infections, and increased psychological stress resulting from violence, delinquency, and the erosion of social cohesion. We suggest that these processes could interact synergistically to increase an individual's immune burden and a population's overall morbidity. However, we find differences in the impacts of the Interoceanic highway and the Belo Monte dam on food, water, and cultural systems, and observed that community and corporate-level actions may bolster health in the face of rapid socio-ecological change. Looking at the case studies together, a complex picture of vulnerability and resilience, risk and opportunity, complicates straight-forward predictions of ecosyndemic interactions resulting from these development projects but highlights the role that the ecosyndemic concept can play in informing health impact assessments and future research. We conclude by proposing a conceptual model of the potential interactions between psychological stress, vector-borne illnesses, and sexaully-transmitted infections and suggest that future investigations of synergistic interactions among these factors draw from the biological, social, and ecological sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Skye Tallman
- The Field Museum of Natural History, Keller Science Action Department, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Amy R Riley-Powell
- Tulane University, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine. New Orleans, LA, USA; Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Lara Schwarz
- University of California San Diego, Family Medicine and Public Health Department, CA, USA; San Diego State University, School of Public Health, CA, USA
| | - Gabriela Salmón-Mulanovich
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, School of Public Health and Administration, Lima, Peru; Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | | | - Stella M Hartinger
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, School of Public Health and Administration, Lima, Peru
| | - Valerie A Paz-Soldán
- Tulane University, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine. New Orleans, LA, USA; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, School of Public Health and Administration, Lima, Peru
| | - Gwenyth O Lee
- University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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21
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Kumar R, Shrivastava T, Samal S, Ahmed S, Parray HA. Antibody-based therapeutic interventions: possible strategy to counter chikungunya viral infection. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:3209-3228. [PMID: 32076776 PMCID: PMC7223553 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10437-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a mosquito-transmitted disease that belongs to the genus Alphaviruses, has been emerged as an epidemic threat over the last two decades, and the recent co-emergence of this virus along with other circulating arboviruses and comorbidities has influenced atypical mortality rate up to 10%. Genetic variation in the virus has resulted in its adaptability towards the new vector Aedes albopictus other than Aedes aegypti, which has widen the horizon of distribution towards non-tropical and non-endemic areas. As of now, no licensed vaccines or therapies are available against CHIKV; the treatment regimens for CHIKV are mostly symptomatic, based on the clinical manifestations. Development of small molecule drugs and neutralizing antibodies are potential alternatives of worth investigating until an efficient or safe vaccine is approved. Neutralizing antibodies play an important role in antiviral immunity, and their presence is a hallmark of viral infection. In this review, we describe prospects for effective vaccines and highlight importance of neutralizing antibody-based therapeutic and prophylactic applications to combat CHIKV infections. We further discuss about the progress made towards CHIKV therapeutic interventions as well as challenges and limitation associated with the vaccine development. Furthermore this review describes the lesson learned from chikungunya natural infection, which could help in better understanding for future development of antibody-based therapeutic measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India.
| | - Tripti Shrivastava
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Sweety Samal
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Shubbir Ahmed
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Hilal Ahmad Parray
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
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22
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Martins-Luna J, Del Valle-Mendoza J, Silva-Caso W, Sandoval I, Del Valle LJ, Palomares-Reyes C, Carrillo-Ng H, Peña-Tuesta I, Aguilar-Luis MA. Oropouche infection a neglected arbovirus in patients with acute febrile illness from the Peruvian coast. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:67. [PMID: 32041646 PMCID: PMC7011230 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-4937-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the frequency of infection caused by the Oropouche virus (OROV) in 496 patients with acute febrile disease (AFI), whose samples were obtained for the analysis of endemic arboviruses in a previous investigation carried out in 2016. Results OROV was detected in 26.4% (131/496) of serum samples from patients with AFI. Co-infections with Dengue virus (7.3%), Zika virus (1.8%) and Chikungunya (0.2%) were observed. The most common clinical symptoms reported among the patients with OROV infections were headache 85.5% (112/131), myalgia 80.9% (106/131), arthralgia 72.5% (95/131) and loss of appetite 67.9% (89/131). Headache and myalgia were predominant in all age groups. Both OROV infections and co-infections were more frequent in May, June and July corresponding to the dry season of the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Martins-Luna
- Research and Innovation Centre of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Av. San Marcos Cuadra 2, Chorrillos, Lima, Peru
| | - Juana Del Valle-Mendoza
- Research and Innovation Centre of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Av. San Marcos Cuadra 2, Chorrillos, Lima, Peru. .,School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru. .,Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru.
| | - Wilmer Silva-Caso
- Research and Innovation Centre of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Av. San Marcos Cuadra 2, Chorrillos, Lima, Peru.,School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru.,Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru.,Comité del Médico Joven-Consejo Nacional, Colegio Médico del Perú, Lima, Peru
| | - Isabel Sandoval
- Red de Salud de Morropón Chulucanas, Dirección Regional de Salud de Piura (DIRESA-Piura), Piura, Peru
| | - Luis J Del Valle
- Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Barcelona Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Palomares-Reyes
- Research and Innovation Centre of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Av. San Marcos Cuadra 2, Chorrillos, Lima, Peru.,School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru
| | - Hugo Carrillo-Ng
- Research and Innovation Centre of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Av. San Marcos Cuadra 2, Chorrillos, Lima, Peru.,Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru
| | - Isaac Peña-Tuesta
- Research and Innovation Centre of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Av. San Marcos Cuadra 2, Chorrillos, Lima, Peru
| | - Miguel Angel Aguilar-Luis
- Research and Innovation Centre of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Av. San Marcos Cuadra 2, Chorrillos, Lima, Peru. .,School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru. .,Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru.
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23
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Pinotti F, Ghanbarnejad F, Hövel P, Poletto C. Interplay between competitive and cooperative interactions in a three-player pathogen system. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:190305. [PMID: 32218925 PMCID: PMC7029927 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In ecological systems, heterogeneous interactions between pathogens take place simultaneously. This occurs, for instance, when two pathogens cooperate, while at the same time, multiple strains of these pathogens co-circulate and compete. Notable examples include the cooperation of human immunodeficiency virus with antibiotic-resistant and susceptible strains of tuberculosis or some respiratory infections with Streptococcus pneumoniae strains. Models focusing on competition or cooperation separately fail to describe how these concurrent interactions shape the epidemiology of such diseases. We studied this problem considering two cooperating pathogens, where one pathogen is further structured in two strains. The spreading follows a susceptible-infected-susceptible process and the strains differ in transmissibility and extent of cooperation with the other pathogen. We combined a mean-field stability analysis with stochastic simulations on networks considering both well-mixed and structured populations. We observed the emergence of a complex phase diagram, where the conditions for the less transmissible, but more cooperative strain to dominate are non-trivial, e.g. non-monotonic boundaries and bistability. Coupled with community structure, the presence of the cooperative pathogen enables the coexistence between strains by breaking the spatial symmetry and dynamically creating different ecological niches. These results shed light on ecological mechanisms that may impact the epidemiology of diseases of public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Pinotti
- INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Institut Pierre Louis d’Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, Paris 75012, France
| | - Fakhteh Ghanbarnejad
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, Berlin 10623, Germany
- The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Trieste, Italy
- Physics Department, Sharif University of Technology, PO Box 11165-9161, Tehran, Iran
| | - Philipp Hövel
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, Berlin 10623, Germany
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University College Cork, Western Road, Cork T12 XF62, Republic of Ireland
| | - Chiara Poletto
- INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Institut Pierre Louis d’Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, Paris 75012, France
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24
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Antiviral activity of the FDA-approved drug candesartan cilexetil against Zika virus infection. Antiviral Res 2019; 172:104637. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Ramos-E-Silva M, Secchin P, Trope B. The life-threatening eruption in HIV and immunosuppression. Clin Dermatol 2019; 38:52-62. [PMID: 32197749 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Immunosuppressed patients frequently have skin diseases of mild to moderate intensity. Diagnosis as well as treatment should be performed early to avoid important complications for these patients. Skin eruptions are among these problems. Life-threatening eruptions in HIV and other types of immunosuppression range from acute retroviral syndrome to drug eruptions; immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome; infection by virus, protozoan, bacteria, or fungi; inflammatory and immune dermatoses; and neoplasia. All of these are discussed in this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Ramos-E-Silva
- The Sector of Dermatology and Post-Graduation Course in Dermatology, University Hospital and School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Pedro Secchin
- The Sector of Dermatology and Post-Graduation Course in Dermatology, University Hospital and School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Trope
- The Sector of Dermatology and Post-Graduation Course in Dermatology, University Hospital and School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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26
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Bernatchez JA, Tran LT, Li J, Luan Y, Siqueira-Neto JL, Li R. Drugs for the Treatment of Zika Virus Infection. J Med Chem 2019; 63:470-489. [PMID: 31549836 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus is an emerging flavivirus that causes the neurodevelopmental congenital Zika syndrome and that has been linked to the neuroinflammatory Guillain-Barré syndrome. The absence of a vaccine or a clinically approved drug to treat the disease combined with the likelihood that another outbreak will occur in the future defines an unmet medical need. Several promising drug candidate molecules have been reported via repurposing studies, high-throughput compound library screening, and de novo design in the short span of a few years. Intense research activity in this area has occurred in response to the World Health Organization declaration of a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on February 1, 2016. In this Perspective, the authors review the emergence of Zika virus, the biology of its replication, targets for therapeutic intervention, target product profile, and current drug development initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lana T Tran
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | | | - Yepeng Luan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Qingdao University , Qingdao 266071 , Shandong , China
| | | | - Rongshi Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Qingdao University , Qingdao 266071 , Shandong , China.,UNMC Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, and Center for Staphylococcal Research , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , Nebraska 68198 , United States
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27
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Rothan HA, Kumar M. Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Proteins in Flavivirus Replication and Assembly Complexes. Pathogens 2019; 8:E148. [PMID: 31547236 PMCID: PMC6789530 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8030148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavivirus replication in host cells requires the formation of replication and assembly complexes on the cytoplasmic side of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. These complexes consist of an ER membrane, viral proteins, and host proteins. Genome-wide investigations have identified a number of ER multiprotein complexes as vital factors for flavivirus replication. The detailed mechanisms of the role of ER complexes in flavivirus replication are still largely elusive. This review highlights the fact that the ER multiprotein complexes are crucial for the formation of flavivirus replication and assembly complexes, and the ER complexes could be considered as a target for developing successful broad-spectrum anti-flavivirus drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussin A Rothan
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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28
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Rothan HA, Arora K, Natekar JP, Strate PG, Brinton MA, Kumar M. Z-DNA-Binding Protein 1 Is Critical for Controlling Virus Replication and Survival in West Nile Virus Encephalitis. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2089. [PMID: 31572318 PMCID: PMC6749019 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV), a neurotropic flavivirus, is the leading cause of viral encephalitis in the United States. Recently, Zika virus (ZIKV) infections have caused serious neurological diseases and birth defects, specifically Guillain-Barrè syndrome and microcephaly. Z-DNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1) is a cytoplasmic sensor that that has been shown to play a significant role in initiating a robust immune response. We previously reported that WNV and ZIKV infections induce dramatic up-regulation of ZBP1 in mouse brains as well as in infected primary mouse cells. Herein, we show the critical role of ZBP1 in restricting the pathogenesis of WNV and ZIKV infections. Deletion of ZBP1 resulted in significantly higher morbidity and mortality after infection with a pathogenic WNV NY99 strain in mice. No mortality was observed in wild-type (WT) mice infected with the non-pathogenic WNV strain, Eg101. Interestingly, infection of ZBP1-/- mice with WNV Eg101 was lethal resulting in 100% mortality, suggesting that ZBP1 is required for survival after WNV infection. Viremia and brain viral load were significantly higher in ZBP1-/- mice compared to WT mice. In addition, protein levels of interferon (IFN)-α, and inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were significantly higher in the serum and brains of infected ZBP1-/- mice compared to the WT mice. Primary mouse cortical neurons and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from ZBP1-/- mice produced higher virus titers compared to WT cells after infection with WNV NY99 and WNV Eg101. Similarly, neurons and MEFs lacking ZBP1 exhibited significantly enhanced replication of PRVABC59 (Asian) and MR766 (African) ZIKV compared to WT cells. The knockout of ZBP1 function in MEFs inhibited ZBP1-dependent virus-induced cell death. In conclusion, these data reveal that ZBP1 restricts WNV and ZIKV production in mouse cells and is required for survival of a peripheral WNV infection in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussin A Rothan
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Komal Arora
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Janhavi P Natekar
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Philip G Strate
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Margo A Brinton
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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29
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Rothan HA, Zhong Y, Sanborn MA, Teoh TC, Ruan J, Yusof R, Hang J, Henderson MJ, Fang S. Small molecule grp94 inhibitors block dengue and Zika virus replication. Antiviral Res 2019; 171:104590. [PMID: 31421166 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Two major flaviviruses, dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV), cause severe health and economic burdens worldwide. Recently, genome-wide screenings have uncovered the importance of regulators of the Hrd1 ubiquitin ligase-mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway for flavivirus replication in host cells. Here we report the identification of the compound Bardoxolone methyl (CDDO-me) as a potent inhibitor of the Hrd1 ubiquitin ligase-mediated ERAD, which possesses a broad-spectrum activity against both DENV and ZIKV. Cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) suggested that CDDO-me binds to grp94, a key component of the Hrd1 pathway, at a low nanomolar concentration, whereas interaction was not detected with its paralog Hsp90. CDDO-me and the grp94 inhibitor PU-WS13 substantially suppressed DENV2 replication and the cytopathic effects caused by DENV and ZIKV infection. The antiviral activities of both compounds were demonstrated for all four DENV serotypes and four ZIKV strains in multiple human cell lines. This study defines grp94 as a crucial host factor for flavivirus replication and identified CDDO-me as a potent small molecule inhibitor of flavivirus infection. Inhibition of grp94 may contribute to the antiviral activity of CDDO-me. Further investigation of grp94 inhibitors may lead to a new class of broad-spectrum anti-flaviviral medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussin A Rothan
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Department of Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Yongwang Zhong
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Department of Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Mark A Sanborn
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Teow Chong Teoh
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Jingjing Ruan
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Department of Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Rohana Yusof
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Jun Hang
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Mark J Henderson
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Shengyun Fang
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Department of Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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30
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Breitbach ME, Newman CM, Dudley DM, Stewart LM, Aliota MT, Koenig MR, Shepherd PM, Yamamoto K, Crooks CM, Young G, Semler MR, Weiler AM, Barry GL, Heimsath H, Mohr EL, Eichkoff J, Newton W, Peterson E, Schultz-Darken N, Permar SR, Dean H, Capuano S, Osorio JE, Friedrich TC, O’Connor DH. Primary infection with dengue or Zika virus does not affect the severity of heterologous secondary infection in macaques. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007766. [PMID: 31369649 PMCID: PMC6675051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) and dengue virus (DENV) are genetically and antigenically related flaviviruses that now co-circulate in much of the tropical and subtropical world. The rapid emergence of ZIKV in the Americas in 2015 and 2016, and its recent associations with Guillain-Barré syndrome, birth defects, and fetal loss have led to the hypothesis that DENV infection induces cross-reactive antibodies that influence the severity of secondary ZIKV infections. It has also been proposed that pre-existing ZIKV immunity could affect DENV pathogenesis. We examined outcomes of secondary ZIKV infections in three rhesus and fifteen cynomolgus macaques, as well as secondary DENV-2 infections in three additional rhesus macaques up to a year post-primary ZIKV infection. Although cross-binding antibodies were detected prior to secondary infection for all animals and cross-neutralizing antibodies were detected for some animals, previous DENV or ZIKV infection had no apparent effect on the clinical course of heterotypic secondary infections in these animals. All animals had asymptomatic infections and, when compared to controls, did not have significantly perturbed hematological parameters. Rhesus macaques infected with DENV-2 approximately one year after primary ZIKV infection had higher vRNA loads in plasma when compared with serum vRNA loads from ZIKV-naive animals infected with DENV-2, but a differential effect of sample type could not be ruled out. In cynomolgus macaques, the serotype of primary DENV infection did not affect the outcome of secondary ZIKV infection. Pre-existing immunity to one of the four DENV serotypes is known to increase the risk of severe disease upon secondary infection with a different serotype. Due to the antigenic similarities between ZIKV and DENV, it has been proposed that these viruses could interact in a similar fashion. Data from in vitro experiments and murine models suggests that pre-existing immunity to one virus could either enhance or protect against infection with the other. These somewhat contradictory findings highlight the need for immune competent animal models for understanding the role of cross-reactive antibodies in flavivirus pathogenesis. We examined secondary ZIKV or DENV infections in rhesus and cynomolgus macaques that had previously been infected with the other virus. We assessed the outcomes of secondary ZIKV or DENV infections by quantifying vRNA loads, clinical and laboratory parameters, body temperature, and weight for each cohort of animals and compared them with control animals. These comparisons demonstrated that within a year of primary infection, secondary infections with either ZIKV or DENV were similar to primary infections and were not associated with enhancement or reduction in severity of disease based on the outcomes that we assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan E. Breitbach
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Christina M. Newman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Dawn M. Dudley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Laurel M. Stewart
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Matthew T. Aliota
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Michelle R. Koenig
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Phoenix M. Shepherd
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Keisuke Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Chelsea M. Crooks
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Ginger Young
- Takeda Vaccines, Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Matthew R. Semler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Andrea M. Weiler
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Gabrielle L. Barry
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Holly Heimsath
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Emma L. Mohr
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jens Eichkoff
- Department of Biostatistics & Medical Informatics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Wendy Newton
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Eric Peterson
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Nancy Schultz-Darken
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Sallie R. Permar
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Hansi Dean
- Takeda Vaccines, Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Saverio Capuano
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jorge E. Osorio
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Thomas C. Friedrich
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - David H. O’Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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A small molecule inhibitor of ER-to-cytosol protein dislocation exhibits anti-dengue and anti-Zika virus activity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10901. [PMID: 31358863 PMCID: PMC6662757 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47532-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with flaviviruses, such as dengue virus (DENV) and the recently re-emerging Zika virus (ZIKV), represents an increasing global risk. Targeting essential host elements required for flavivirus replication represents an attractive approach for the discovery of antiviral agents. Previous studies have identified several components of the Hrd1 ubiquitin ligase-mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway, a cellular protein quality control process, as host factors crucial for DENV and ZIKV replication. Here, we report that CP26, a small molecule inhibitor of protein dislocation from the ER lumen to the cytosol, which is an essential step for ERAD, has broad-spectrum anti-flavivirus activity. CP26 targets the Hrd1 complex, inhibits ERAD, and induces ER stress. Ricin and cholera toxins are known to hijack the protein dislocation machinery to reach the cytosol, where they exert their cytotoxic effects. CP26 selectively inhibits the activity of cholera toxin but not that of ricin. CP26 exhibits a significant inhibitory activity against both DENV and ZIKV, providing substantial protection to the host cells against virus-induced cell death. This study identified a novel dislocation inhibitor, CP26, that shows potent anti-DENV and anti-ZIKV activity in cells. Furthermore, this study provides the first example of the targeting of host ER dislocation with small molecules to combat flavivirus infection.
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Rothan HA, Abdulrahman AY, Khazali AS, Nor Rashid N, Chong TT, Yusof R. Carnosine exhibits significant antiviral activity against Dengue and Zika virus. J Pept Sci 2019; 25:e3196. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.3196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hussin A. Rothan
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and SciencesGeorgia State University Atlanta GA USA
| | - Ammar Yasir Abdulrahman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Suhail Khazali
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Nurshamimi Nor Rashid
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Teoh Teow Chong
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Rohana Yusof
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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Expression, purification and functional characterization of recombinant hypervariable region (HVR) of Chikungunya virus nsP3 protein. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:235. [PMID: 31139550 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1759-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most important rapidly emerging mosquito-borne alphavirus is Chikungunya virus (CHIKV). There is a necessity to develop anti-CHIKV therapeutics, as neither antiviral drug nor vaccines have been licensed yet. Several CHIKV proteins are being studied worldwide, but non-structural protein 3 (nsP3) has been less explored. This protein consists of three domains: macrodomain, alphavirus unique domain (AUD) and hypervariable region (HVR). The proline-rich regions of HVR contain SRC homology 3 (SH3)-binding domain which is essential for its functionality. Interaction of these motifs with host amphiphysin protein is crucial for viral RNA replication. Restricting the interactions of HVR could lead to inhibition of viral life cycle. Therefore, the present study focuses on purification of HVR protein and its structural and functional assay for therapeutic intervention in future use. In order to obtain purified protein, HVR region was amplified from TOPO clones of nsP3 of IND-06-Guj strain and cloned into expression vector. Expression and solubilization of the protein were optimized at various conditions of salt, detergent and imidazole before purification. The soluble recombinant HVR (His-HVR) protein was purified using affinity chromatography. Purified protein was analyzed for structural studies and functional assays. Circular dichroism of His-HVR protein was performed for structural study, and it was observed that it consists of mostly random coils. For functional assay, co-pull down of His-HVR protein was performed with endogenous amphiphysin-I protein of N2a cells and was analyzed using Western blotting. This purified protein obtained could be used as a potential target reagent for novel therapeutic interventions in the future.
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Vincetti P, Kaptein SJF, Costantino G, Neyts J, Radi M. Scaffold Morphing Approach To Expand the Toolbox of Broad-Spectrum Antivirals Blocking Dengue/Zika Replication. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:558-563. [PMID: 30996796 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently discovered a family of 2,6-diaminopurine derivatives acting as DENV inhibitors by targeting an allosteric pocket on the thumb of the viral NS5 polymerase. Although the following target-based optimization allowed conversion of the hits into broad-spectrum DENV/ZIKV inhibitors, no improvement of the antiviral potency was reached. Herein, we applied a phenotypic scaffold-morphing approach to explore additional biologically relevant chemical space around the original hits by converting the flat purine derivatives into more complex chemotypes characterized by a higher degree of saturation. A new microwave-assisted one-pot three-step protocol was also developed to quickly generate chemotypes 6 and 7. Cell-based phenotypic screening allowed identification of promising antiflaviviral agents belonging to different chemotypes. Compound 9d emerged as the most promising broad-spectrum antiviral, being 6 times more potent than ribavirin (RBV) against DENV and 3 times more potent than 7-deaza-2'-C-methyladenosine (7DMA) against ZIKV with good selectivity indexes (>46 and >41, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Vincetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Viale delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Suzanne J. F. Kaptein
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gabriele Costantino
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Viale delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Johan Neyts
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marco Radi
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Viale delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
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Lee JL, Loe MWC, Lee RCH, Chu JJH. Antiviral activity of pinocembrin against Zika virus replication. Antiviral Res 2019; 167:13-24. [PMID: 30959074 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne virus that has garnered a lot of attention in recent years, due to the explosive epidemic from 2014 to 2016. Since its introduction in the Americas in late 2014, ZIKV has spread at an unprecedented rate and scale throughout the world and infected millions of people. Its infection has also been associated with severe neurological disorders like Guillain-Barré syndrome and microcephaly in fetuses. Despite these, there is currently no approved antiviral against ZIKV. In this study, an immunofluorescence-based high throughput screen was conducted on a library of 483 flavonoid derivatives to identify potential anti-ZIKV compounds. Flavonoids, which are natural polyphenolic compounds found in plants, represent an attractive source of antivirals due to their abundance in food and expected low toxicity. From the primary screen, three hits were selected for validation by cell viability and viral plaque reduction assays. Pinocembrin, a flavanone found in honey, tea and red wine, was chosen for downstream studies as it exhibited the strongest inhibition of ZIKV infection in human placental JEG-3 cells (IC50 = 17.4 μM). Time-course studies revealed that pinocembrin acts on post-entry process(es) of the ZIKV replication cycle. Furthermore, pinocembrin inhibits viral RNA production and envelope protein synthesis based on quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analyses. This study has demonstrated for the first time the in vitro anti-ZIKV activity of pinocembrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Le Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular RNA Virology and Antiviral Strategies, Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marcus Wing Choy Loe
- Laboratory of Molecular RNA Virology and Antiviral Strategies, Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Regina Ching Hua Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular RNA Virology and Antiviral Strategies, Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Justin Jang Hann Chu
- Laboratory of Molecular RNA Virology and Antiviral Strategies, Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.
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Ciota AT. The role of co-infection and swarm dynamics in arbovirus transmission. Virus Res 2019; 265:88-93. [PMID: 30879977 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are transmitted by hematophagous insects, primarily mosquitoes. The geographic range and prevalence of mosquito-borne viruses and their vectors has dramatically increased over the last 50 years. As a result, the most medically important arboviurses now co-exist in many regions, resulting in an increased frequency of co-infections in hosts and vectors. In addition to concurrent infections with human pathogens, mosquito-only viruses and/or enzootic viruses not associated with human disease are ubiquitous in mosquito populations. Moreover, mosquito-borne viruses are largely RNA viruses that exist within individual hosts as a diverse and dynamic swarm of closely related genotypes. Interactions among co-infecting viruses and genotypes can have profound effects on virulence, fitness and evolution. Here, we review our understanding of how these complex interactions influence transmission of mosquito-borne viruses, focusing on the often-neglected virus interactions in the mosquito vector, and identify gaps in our knowledge that should guide future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T Ciota
- The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Slingerlands, NY, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Albany School of Public Health, Albany, NY, USA.
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Masel J, McCracken MK, Gleeson T, Morrison B, Rutherford G, Imrie A, Jarman RG, Koren M, Pollett S. Does prior dengue virus exposure worsen clinical outcomes of Zika virus infection? A systematic review, pooled analysis and lessons learned. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007060. [PMID: 30682026 PMCID: PMC6370234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) recently caused a pandemic complicated by Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) and birth defects. ZIKV is structurally similar to the dengue viruses (DENV) and in vitro studies suggest antibody dependent enhancement occurs in ZIKV infections preceded by DENV; however, the clinical significance of this remains unclear. We undertook a PRISMA-adherent systematic review of all current human and non-human primate (NHP) data to determine if prior infection with DENV, compared to DENV-naïve hosts, is associated with a greater risk of ZIKV clinical complications or greater ZIKV peak viremia in vivo. We identified 1146 studies in MEDLINE, EMBASE and the grey literature, of which five studies were eligible. One human study indicated no increase in the risk of GBS in ZIKV infections with prior DENV exposure. Two additional human studies showed a small increase in ZIKV viremia in those with prior DENV exposure; however, this was not statistically significant nor was it associated with an increase in clinical severity or adverse pregnancy outcomes. While no meta-analysis was possible using human data, a pooled analysis of the two NHP studies leveraging extended data provided only weak evidence of a 0.39 log10 GE/mL rise in ZIKV viremia in DENV experienced rhesus macaques compared to those with no DENV exposure (p = 0.22). Using a customized quality grading criteria, we further show that no existing published human studies have offered high quality measurement of both acute ZIKV and antecedent DENV infections. In conclusion, limited human and NHP studies indicate a small and non-statistically significant increase in ZIKV viremia in DENV-experienced versus DENV-naïve hosts; however, there is no evidence that even a possible small increase in ZIKV viremia would correlate with a change in ZIKV clinical phenotype. More data derived from larger sample sizes and improved sero-assays are needed to resolve this question, which has major relevance for clinical prognosis and vaccine design. Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito borne virus that recently caused a large epidemic with some cases complicated by ascending paralysis (Guillain-Barre syndrome) and birth defects. One major concern is that such complications may be more common in those who have had previous infection with the closely related mosquito-borne dengue virus (DENV) which also circulates in the tropics. Here, we undertook a thorough, structured review of all human and high-order animal literature to synthesize the current evidence about whether ZIKV outcomes are worse in those with previous DENV exposure. We further undertook a pooled analysis across the two major non-human primate studies to improve statistical power. We summarize that, in humans and in non-human primates, prior DENV exposure may lead to a small increase in ZIKV viral load during infection. However, we do not show that any possible increase in ZIKV viral replication is associated with a higher rate of Zika complications or Zika clinical severity. We further graded the quality of these published literature and indicate that substantial improvements in the immunological measurement of ZIKV and DENV exposure in humans are needed to answer these and other pertinent questions about these two epidemic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Masel
- Department of Medicine, USUHS, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Michael K. McCracken
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Todd Gleeson
- Department of Medicine, USUHS, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Brian Morrison
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - George Rutherford
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Allison Imrie
- University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Richard G. Jarman
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Michael Koren
- Department of Medicine, USUHS, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Simon Pollett
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, USUHS, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Zika virus induces abnormal cranial osteogenesis by negatively affecting cranial neural crest development. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 69:176-189. [PMID: 30665021 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during gestation is deemed to be coupled to birth defects through direct impairment of the nervous system during neurogenesis. However, in this study, our data showed that ZIKV infection dramatically suppressed cranial osteogenesis, shown by Safranin O/Fast Green and alizarin red staining, in chick embryos, which provides another possibility that craniofacial bone malformation caused by ZIKV may be a major cause of ZIKV-mediated birth defects. By immunofluorescent staining and electron microcopy, we confirmed ZIKV infection in chick embryo neural tubes and sites of neural crest. Next, in vivo (chick embryos) and in vitro [primary culture of neural crest cells (NCC)] ZIKV and HNK-1 double immunofluorescent staining demonstrated that ZIKV infection inhibited the production of migratory NCC. The reduction of both AP-2α- and Pax7-positive NCC in HH10 chick embryos infected by ZIKV confirmed that abnormal development of cranial NCC also occurred in the migratory process. Whole mount in situ hybridization demonstrated that cadherin 6B expression was elevated and Slug, FoxD3, and BMP4/Msx1 expressions decreased in ZIKV-infected HH10 chick embryos, implying that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of neural crest production was blocked by ZIKV infection. Moreover, in vivo and in vitro pHIS3 and Pax7 double immunofluorescent staining showed that NCC proliferation was repressed by ZIKV infection. C-caspase-3 and AP-2α double immunofluorescent staining in HH10 chick embryos and western blotting showed that NCC apoptosis increased following ZIKV infection. Finally, electron microscopy showed multiple autophagosomes in ZIKV-infected embryos, and western blot and LC3B immunofluorescent staining demonstrated that autophagy-related genes were activated by ZIKV infection. Taken together, our data first showed that ZIKV infection during embryogenesis could interfere with cranial neural crest development, which in turn causes aberrant cranial osteogenesis. Our results provided new insights into brain malformations induced by ZIKV infection.
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Bidokhti MRM, Dutta D, Madduri LSV, Woollard SM, Norgren R, Giavedoni L, Byrareddy SN. SIV/SHIV-Zika co-infection does not alter disease pathogenesis in adult non-pregnant rhesus macaque model. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006811. [PMID: 30359380 PMCID: PMC6201872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the large geographical overlap of populations exposed to Zika virus (ZIKV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), understanding the disease pathogenesis of co-infection is urgently needed. This warrants the development of an animal model for HIV-ZIKV co-infection. In this study, we used adult non-pregnant macaques that were chronically infected with simian immunodeficiency virus/chimeric simian human immunodeficiency virus (SIV/SHIV) and then inoculated with ZIKV. Plasma viral loads of both SIV/SHIV and ZIKV co-infected animals revealed no significant changes as compared to animals that were infected with ZIKV alone or as compared to SIV/SHIV infected animals prior to ZIKV inoculation. ZIKV tissue clearance of co-infected animals was similar to animals that were infected with ZIKV alone. Furthermore, in co-infected macaques, there was no statistically significant difference in plasma cytokines/chemokines levels as compared to prior to ZIKV inoculation. Collectively, these findings suggest that co-infection may not alter disease pathogenesis, thus warranting larger HIV-ZIKV epidemiological studies in order to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi R. M. Bidokhti
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Debashis Dutta
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Lepakshe S. V. Madduri
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Shawna M. Woollard
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Robert Norgren
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Luis Giavedoni
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Siddappa N. Byrareddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
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Otmani del Barrio M, Simard F, Caprara A. Supporting and strengthening research on urban health interventions for the prevention and control of vector-borne and other infectious diseases of poverty: scoping reviews and research gap analysis. Infect Dis Poverty 2018; 7:94. [PMID: 30173669 PMCID: PMC6120070 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-018-0462-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than half of the world's population currently lives in urban settlements that grow both in size and number. By 2050, approximately 70% of the global population will be living in urban conglomerations, mainly in low- and middle-income countries. Mobility, poverty, different layers of inequalities as well as climate variability and change are some of the social and environmental factors that influence the exposure of human populations in urban settings to vector-borne diseases, which pose eminent public health threats. Accurate, consistent, and evidence-based interventions for prevention and control of vector-borne and other infectious diseases of poverty in urban settings are needed to implement innovative and cost-effective public policy and to promote inclusive and equitable urban health services. MAIN BODY While there is growing awareness of vector-borne diseases epidemiology at the urban level, there is still a paucity of research and action being undertaken in this area, hindering evidence-based public health policy decisions and practice and strategies for active community engagement. This paper describes the collaboration and partnership of the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR) hosted by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the "VEctor boRne DiseAses Scoping reviews" (VERDAS) Research Consortium as they joined efforts in response to filling this gap in knowledge and evidence by supporting the development of a series of scoping reviews that highlight priority research gaps and policy implications to address vector-borne and other infectious diseases at the urban level. CONCLUSIONS The set of scoping reviews proposed in this special issue presents a critical analysis of the state-of-the-art of research on urban health interventions for the prevention and control of vector-borne and other infectious diseases of poverty. The authors of the 6 reviews highlighted severe gaps in knowledge and identified organizational and theoretical limitations that need to be urgently tackled to improve cities preparedness and vector control response. The more pressing need at present is to ensure that more implementation research on vector-borne diseases in urban settings is conducted, addressing policy and practice implications and calling for more political commitment and social mobilization through adequate citizen engagement strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Otmani del Barrio
- Vectors, Environment and Society Unit, Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), World Health Organization (WHO), 20, avenue Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Simard
- Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Controle (MIVEGEC), IRD-CNRS University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Rothan HA, Fang S, Mahesh M, Byrareddy SN. Zika Virus and the Metabolism of Neuronal Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:2551-2557. [PMID: 30043260 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1263-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is associated with abnormal functions of neuronal cells causing neurological disorders such as microcephaly in the newborns and Guillain-Barré syndrome in the adults. Typically, healthy brain growth is associated with normal neural stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and maturation. This process requires a controlled cellular metabolism that is essential for normal migration, axonal elongation, and dendrite morphogenesis of newly generated neurons. Thus, the remarkable changes in the cellular metabolism during early stages of neuronal stem cell differentiation are crucial for brain development. Recent studies show that ZIKV directly infects neuronal stem cells in the fetus and impairs brain growth. In this review, we highlighted the fact that the activation of P53 and inhibition of the mTOR pathway by ZIKV infection to neuronal stem cells induces early shifting from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) may induce immature differentiation, apoptosis, and stem cell exhaustion. We hypothesize that ZIKV infection to mature myelin-producing cells and resulting metabolic shift may lead to the development of neurological diseases, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome. Thus, the effects of ZIKV on the cellular metabolism of neuronal cells may lead to the incidence of neurological disorders as observed recently during ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussin A Rothan
- Center for Biomedical Engineering & Technology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Shengyun Fang
- Center for Biomedical Engineering & Technology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mohan Mahesh
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Siddappa N Byrareddy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA. .,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Centre (UNMC), Omaha, NE, 68198-5800, USA.
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João EC, Ferreira ODC, Gouvêa MI, Teixeira MDLB, Tanuri A, Higa LM, Costa DA, Mohana-Borges R, Arruda MB, Matos HJ, Cruz ML, Mendes-Silva W, Read JS. Pregnant women co-infected with HIV and Zika: Outcomes and birth defects in infants according to maternal symptomatology. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200168. [PMID: 29979796 PMCID: PMC6034846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Zika virus (ZIKV) was first isolated in Uganda in 1947. In Brazil, the first reported case of ZIKV infection was in May 2015. Additionally, dengue (DENV) is endemic and there has been a recent outbreak of chikungunya (CHIKV). Since the clinical manifestations of different arboviral infections (AI) can be similar, definitive diagnosis requires laboratory testing. Objectives To determine the prevalence of ZIKV, DENV, and CHIKV infections in a Brazilian cohort of HIV-infected pregnant women, to assess clinical/immunological characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of women with evidence of recent AI. Study design Laboratory diagnosis of ZIKV, DENV and CHIKV infections utilized serological assays, RT-PCR and PRNT. The tests were performed at the first visit, 34–36 weeks of gestation and at any time if a woman had symptoms suggestive of AI. Mann-Whitney tests were used for comparison of medians, Chi-square or Fisher’s to compare proportions; p< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Poisson regression was used to analyze risk factors for central nervous system (CNS) malformations in the infant according to maternal symptomatology. Results Of 219 HIV-infected pregnant women enrolled, 92% were DENV IgG+; 47(22%) had laboratory evidence of recent AI. Of these, 34 (72%) were ZIKV+, nine (19%) CHIKV+, and two (4%) DENV+. Symptoms consistent with AI were observed in 23 (10%) women, of whom 10 (43%) were ZIKV+, eight (35%) CHIKV+. No CNS abnormalities were observed among infants of DENV+ or CHIKV+ women; four infants with CNS abnormalities were born to ZIKV+ women (three symptomatic). Infants born to ZIKV+ women had a higher risk of CNS malformations if the mother was symptomatic (RR = 7.20), albeit not statistically significant (p = 0.066). Conclusions Among HIV-infected pregnant women with laboratory evidence of a recent AI, 72% were ZIKV-infected. In this cohort, CNS malformations occurred among infants born to both symptomatic and asymptomatic pregnant women with Zika infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esaú C. João
- Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil—Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Federal dos Servidores do Estado, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Orlando da C. Ferreira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro—Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel Gouvêa
- Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil—Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Federal dos Servidores do Estado, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas—Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria de Lourdes B. Teixeira
- Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil—Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Federal dos Servidores do Estado, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas—Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Amilcar Tanuri
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro—Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiza M. Higa
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro—Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Deise A. Costa
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Mohana-Borges
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mônica B. Arruda
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro—Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Haroldo J. Matos
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Maria Leticia Cruz
- Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil—Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Federal dos Servidores do Estado, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wallace Mendes-Silva
- Maternal-Fetal Unit, Hospital Federal dos Servidores do Estado, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jennifer S. Read
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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Villamil-Gómez WE, Sánchez-Herrera ÁR, Hernández-Prado H, Hernández-Iriarte J, Díaz-Ricardo K, Vergara-Serpa O, Castellanos J, Portela-Gaviria JE, Patiño-Valencia S, Vargas-Bedoya DC, Orozco-Villa AF, Reyes-Guerrero SS, Castrillón-Spitia JD, Murillo-García DR, Henao-SanMartin V, Londoño JJ, Bedoya-Rendón H, de Jesús Cárdenas-Pérez J, Cardona-Ospina JA, Lagos-Grisales GJ, Rodríguez-Morales AJ. Zika virus and HIV co-infection in five patients from two areas of Colombia. J Formos Med Assoc 2018; 117:856-858. [PMID: 29914733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wilmer E Villamil-Gómez
- Infectious Diseases and Infection Control Research Group, Hospital Universitario de Sincelejo, Sincelejo, Sucre, Colombia; Clínica Santa María, Sincelejo, Sucre, Colombia
| | | | | | - Jayder Hernández-Iriarte
- Infectious Diseases and Infection Control Research Group, Hospital Universitario de Sincelejo, Sincelejo, Sucre, Colombia
| | - Kelly Díaz-Ricardo
- Infectious Diseases and Infection Control Research Group, Hospital Universitario de Sincelejo, Sincelejo, Sucre, Colombia
| | - Oscar Vergara-Serpa
- Infectious Diseases and Infection Control Research Group, Hospital Universitario de Sincelejo, Sincelejo, Sucre, Colombia
| | | | - Juan Esteban Portela-Gaviria
- Public Health and Infection Group of Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Sarita Patiño-Valencia
- Public Health and Infection Group of Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Dana C Vargas-Bedoya
- Public Health and Infection Group of Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Andrés F Orozco-Villa
- Public Health and Infection Group of Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Sara S Reyes-Guerrero
- Public Health and Infection Group of Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Juan Daniel Castrillón-Spitia
- Public Health and Infection Group of Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Biomedicina, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; ESE Hospital San Pedro y San Pablo, La Virginia, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - David R Murillo-García
- Public Health and Infection Group of Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Valentina Henao-SanMartin
- Public Health and Infection Group of Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - José J Londoño
- ESE Hospital San Pedro y San Pablo, La Virginia, Risaralda, Colombia
| | | | | | - Jaime A Cardona-Ospina
- Public Health and Infection Group of Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Infection and Immunity Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Guillermo J Lagos-Grisales
- Public Health and Infection Group of Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Alfonso J Rodríguez-Morales
- Public Health and Infection Group of Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Infection and Immunity Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, UniFranz, Cochabamba, Bolivia.
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Kaptein SJF, Vincetti P, Crespan E, Rivera JIA, Costantino G, Maga G, Neyts J, Radi M. Identification of Broad-Spectrum Dengue/Zika Virus Replication Inhibitors by Functionalization of Quinoline and 2,6-Diaminopurine Scaffolds. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1371-1376. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne J. F. Kaptein
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy; KU Leuven; B-3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Paolo Vincetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco; Università degli Studi di Parma; Viale delle Scienze, 27/A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Emmanuele Crespan
- National Research Council; Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM-CNR; Via Abbiategrasso 207 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Jorge I. Armijos Rivera
- National Research Council; Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM-CNR; Via Abbiategrasso 207 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Gabriele Costantino
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco; Università degli Studi di Parma; Viale delle Scienze, 27/A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Giovanni Maga
- National Research Council; Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM-CNR; Via Abbiategrasso 207 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Johan Neyts
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy; KU Leuven; B-3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Marco Radi
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco; Università degli Studi di Parma; Viale delle Scienze, 27/A 43124 Parma Italy
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