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Hegde D, Suprabha BS, Rao A. Organic antibacterial modifications of high-viscosity glass ionomer cement for atraumatic restorative treatment: A review. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2024; 60:22-31. [PMID: 38188639 PMCID: PMC10767272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
High viscosity glass ionomer cement (HVGIC) has been employed as a restorative material for Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART). As residual caries persist after caries removal in ART, the antibacterial activity of HVGIC gains importance. Organic and inorganic substances with antibacterial properties have been incorporated into HVGIC over the years, and their effects on the antibacterial and physical properties have been studied. The objective of this paper is to review the various alterations made to HVGIC using organic compounds, their effect on the antibacterial activity, and the physical properties of the cement. Various in vitro investigations have been conducted by adding antiseptics, antibiotics, and naturally occurring antibacterial substances. Most of these compounds render superior antibacterial properties to HVGIC, but higher concentrations affect physical properties in a dose-dependent manner. However, some naturally occurring antibacterial substances, such as chitosan, improve the physical properties of HVGIC, as they enhance cross-linking and polysalt bridging. There is potential for clinical benefits to be gained from the addition of organic antibacterial compounds to HVGIC. In-depth research is required to determine the optimum concentration at which the antibacterial effect is maximum without affecting the physical properties of the cement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damodar Hegde
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Baranya Shrikrishna Suprabha
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Arathi Rao
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
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Fernandes GLP, Vanim MM, Delbem ACB, Martorano AS, Raucci LMSDC, de Oliveira PT, Zucolotto V, Dias BJM, Brighenti FL, de Oliveira AB, Moraes JCS, de Camargo ER, Danelon M. Antibacterial, cytotoxic and mechanical properties of a orthodontic cement with phosphate nano-sized and phosphorylated chitosan: An in vitro study. J Dent 2024; 146:105073. [PMID: 38782176 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluate, in vitro, the effect of incorporating nano-sized sodium trimetaphosphate (TMPnano) and phosphorylated chitosan (Chi-Ph) into resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) used for orthodontic bracket cementation, on mechanical, fluoride release, antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties. METHODS RMGIC was combined with Chi-Ph (0.25%/0.5%) and/or TMPnano (14%). The diametral compressive/tensile strength (DCS/TS), surface hardness (SH) and degree of conversion (%DC) were determined. For fluoride (F) release, samples were immersed in des/remineralizing solutions. Antimicrobial/antibiofilm activity was evaluated by the agar diffusion test and biofilm metabolism (XTT). Cytotoxicity in fibroblasts was assessed with the resazurin method. RESULTS After 24 h, the RMGIC-14%TMPnano group showed a lower TS value (p < 0.001); after 7 days the RMGIC-14%TMPnano-0.25%Chi-Ph group showed the highest value (p < 0.001). For DCS, the RMGIC group (24 h) showed the highest value (p < 0.001); after 7 days, the highest value was observed for the RMGIC-14%TMPnano-0.25%Chi-Ph (p < 0.001). RMGIC-14%TMPnano, RMGIC-14%TMPnano-0.25%Chi-Ph, RMGIC-14%TMPnano-0.5%Chi-Ph showed higher and similar release of F (p > 0.001). In the SH, the RMGIC-0.25%Chi-Ph; RMGIC-0.5%Chi-Ph; RMGIC-14%TMPnano-0.5%Chi-Ph groups showed similar results after 7 days (p > 0.001). The RMGIC-14%TMPnano-0.25%Chi-Ph group showed a better effect on microbial/antibiofilm growth, and the highest efficacy on cell viability (p < 0.001). After 72 h, only the RMGIC-14%TMPnano-0.25%Chi-Ph group showed cell viability (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The RMGIC-14%TMPnano-0.25%Chi-Ph did not alter the physical-mechanical properties, was not toxic to fibroblasts and reduced the viability and metabolism of S. mutans. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The addition of phosphorylated chitosan and organic phosphate to RMGIC could provide an antibiofilm and remineralizing effect on the tooth enamel of orthodontic patients, who are prone to a high cariogenic challenge due to fluctuations in oral pH and progression of carious lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Leal Peres Fernandes
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Rua José Bonifácio 1193 Araçatuba, SP, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Manuela Marquesini Vanim
- School of Dentistry, University of Ribeirão Preto - UNAERP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14096-900, Brazil
| | - Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Rua José Bonifácio 1193 Araçatuba, SP, 16015-050, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Valtencir Zucolotto
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Lourenção Brighenti
- Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, R. Humaitá, 1680 - Centro, Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Analú Barros de Oliveira
- Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, R. Humaitá, 1680 - Centro, Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-903, Brazil
| | - João Carlos Silos Moraes
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil
| | - Emerson Rodrigues de Camargo
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Electrochemistry and Ceramics, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rod. Washington Luiz, s/n, São Carlos, 13565-905 Brazil
| | - Marcelle Danelon
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Rua José Bonifácio 1193 Araçatuba, SP, 16015-050, Brazil.
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Alsmael MA, Al-Khafaji AM. Evaluation of High-Performance Polyether Ether Ketone Polymer Treated with Piranha Solution and Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Coating. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 2024:1741539. [PMID: 38628498 PMCID: PMC11019569 DOI: 10.1155/2024/1741539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Background Dental implantation has become a standard procedure with high success rates, relying on achieving osseointegration between the implant surface and surrounding bone tissue. Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is a promising alternative to traditional dental implant materials like titanium, but its osseointegration capabilities are limited due to its hydrophobic nature and reduced surface roughness. Objective The aim of the study is to increase the surface roughness and hydrophilicity of PEEK by treating the surface with piranha solution and then coating the surface with epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) by electrospraying technique. Materials and Methods The study includes four groups intended to investigate the effect of piranha treatment and EGCG coating: a control group of PEEK discs with no treatment (C), PEEK samples treated with piranha solution (P), a group of PEEK samples coated with EGCG (E), and a group of PEEK samples treated with piranha solution and coated with EGCG (PE). Surface roughness, wettability, and microhardness were assessed through statistical analysis. Results Piranha treatment increased surface roughness, while EGCG coating moderated it, resulting in an intermediate roughness in the PE group. EGCG significantly improved wettability, as indicated by the reduced contact angle. Microhardness increased by about 20% in EGCG-coated groups compared to noncoated groups. Statistical analysis confirmed significant differences between groups in all tests. Conclusion This study demonstrates the potential of EGCG coating to enhance the surface properties of PEEK as dental implants. The combined piranha and EGCG modification approach shows promise for improved osseointegration, although further vivo research is necessary. Surface modification techniques hold the key to optimizing biomaterial performance, bridging the gap between laboratory findings and clinical implementation in dental implantology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. Alsmael
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
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Bian C, Guo Y, Zhu M, Liu M, Xie X, Weir MD, Oates TW, Masri R, Xu HHK, Zhang K, Bai Y, Zhang N. New generation of orthodontic devices and materials with bioactive capacities to improve enamel demineralization. J Dent 2024; 142:104844. [PMID: 38253119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The article reviewed novel orthodontic devices and materials with bioactive capacities in recent years and elaborated on their properties, aiming to provide guidance and reference for future scientific research and clinical applications. DATA, SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION Researches on remineralization, protein repellent, antimicrobial activity and multifunctional novel bioactive orthodontic devices and materials were included. The search of articles was carried out in Web of Science, PubMed, Medline and Scopus. CONCLUSIONS The new generation of orthodontic devices and materials with bioactive capacities has broad application prospects. However, most of the current studies are limited to in vitro studies and cannot explore the true effects of various bioactive devices and materials applied in oral environments. More research, especially in vivo researches, is needed to assist in clinical application. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Enamel demineralization (ED) is a common complication in orthodontic treatments. Prolonged ED can lead to dental caries, impacting both the aesthetics and health of teeth. It is of great significance to develop antibacterial orthodontic devices and materials that can inhibit bacterial accumulation and prevent ED. However, materials with only preventive effect may fall short of addressing actual needs. Hence, the development of novel bioactive orthodontic materials with remineralizing abilities is imperative. The article reviewed the recent advancements in bioactive orthodontic devices and materials, offering guidance and serving as a reference for future scientific research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Bian
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yiman Guo
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Mengyao Zhu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xianju Xie
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Biomaterials and Regenerative Dental Medicine, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Thomas W Oates
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Radi Masri
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Biomaterials and Regenerative Dental Medicine, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
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El Zawawy NA, El-Safty S, Kenawy ER, Ibrahim Salem S, Ali SS, Mahmoud YAG. Exploring the biomedical potential of a novel modified glass ionomer cement against the pandrug-resistant oral pathogen Candida albicans SYN-01. J Oral Microbiol 2023; 15:2195741. [PMID: 37008537 PMCID: PMC10064826 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2023.2195741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is an infectious disease that is a major concern for dentists. Streptococci and Lactobacilli were long thought to be the primary etiology responsible for caries. Candida albicans with acidogenic and aciduric characteristics has recently been implicated in the onset and progression of cariogenic lesions. Moreover, due to the increased resistance to common antimicrobials, the discovery of innovative candidates is in high demand. Therefore, our study might be the first report that explores the efficacy of glass ionomer cement (GIC) incorporated with a newly modified carboxylated chitosan derivative (CS-MC) against multidrug-resistant (MDR) and/or pandrug resistant (PDR) C. albicans isolated from the oral cavity. In this work, four CS-MC-GIC groups with different concentrations were formulated. Group four (CS-MC-GIC-4) gave a significant performance as an anticandidal agent against selected PDR Candida strain, with an obvious decrease in its cell viability and high antibiofilm activity. It also, enhanced all the mechanical properties and supports cell viability of Vero cells as a nontoxic compound. Moreover, CS-MC-GIC-4 inhibited neuraminidases completely, which might provide a novel mechanism to prevent dental/oral infections. Thus, findings in this study open up new prospect of the utilization of CS-MC-GIC as a novel dental filling material against oral drug-resistant Candida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nessma A. El Zawawy
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- CONTACT Nessma A. El Zawawy Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta31527, Egypt
| | - Samy El-Safty
- Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - El-Refaie Kenawy
- Polymer Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Sara Ibrahim Salem
- Polymer Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Sameh S. Ali
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Singer L, Bourauel C. Herbalism and glass-based materials in dentistry: review of the current state of the art. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2023; 34:60. [PMID: 37962680 PMCID: PMC10645656 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-023-06764-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Half a million different plant species are occurring worldwide, of which only 1% has been phytochemically considered. Thus, there is great potential for discovering novel bioactive compounds. In dentistry, herbal extracts have been used as antimicrobial agents, analgesics, and intracanal medicaments. Glass-ionomer cement (GIC) and bioactive glass (BAG) are attractive materials in dentistry due to their bioactivity, adhesion, and remineralisation capabilities. Thus, this review summarizes the evidence around the use of phytotherapeutics in dental glass-based materials. This review article covers the structure, properties, and clinical uses of GIC and BAG materials within dentistry, with an emphasis on all the attempts that have been made in the last 20 years to enhance their properties naturally using the wisdom of traditional medicines. An extensive electronic search was performed across four databases to include published articles in the last 20 years and the search was concerned only with the English language publications. Publications that involved the use of plant extracts, and their active compounds for the green synthesis of nanoparticles and the modification of GIC and BAG were included up to May 2023. Plant extracts are a potential and effective candidate for modification of different properties of GIC and BAG, particularly their antimicrobial activities. Moreover, natural plant extracts have shown to be very effective in the green synthesis of metal ion nanoparticles in an ecological, and easy way with the additional advantage of a synergistic effect between metal ions and the phytotherapeutic agents. Medicinal plants are considered an abundant, cheap source of biologically active compounds and many of these phytotherapeutics have been the base for the development of new lead pharmaceuticals. Further research is required to assess the safety and the importance of regulation of phytotherapeutics to expand their use in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamia Singer
- Oral Technology, University Hospital Bonn, 53111, Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Bonn, 53111, Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
| | - Christoph Bourauel
- Oral Technology, University Hospital Bonn, 53111, Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
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Aguilar-Perez DA, Urbina-Mendez CM, Maldonado-Gallegos B, Castillo-Cruz ODJ, Aguilar-Ayala FJ, Chuc-Gamboa MG, Vargas-Coronado RF, Cauich-Rodriguez JV. Mechanical Properties of Poly(Alkenoate) Cement Modified with Propolis as an Antiseptic. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071676. [PMID: 37050290 PMCID: PMC10096598 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: We assessed the effect of propolis on the antibacterial, mechanical, and adhesive properties of a commercial poly(alkenoate) cement. Methods: The cement was modified with various concentrations of propolis, and antibacterial assays were performed against S. mutans by both MTT assays and agar diffusion tests. The compressive, flexural, and adhesive properties were also evaluated. Results: the modified cement showed activity against S. mutans in both assays, although reductions in compressive (from 211.21 to 59.3 MPa) and flexural strength (from 11.1 to 6.2 MPa) were noted with the addition of propolis, while adhesive strength (shear bond strength and a novel pull-out method) showed a statistical difference (p < 0.05). Conclusion: the antiseptic potential of modified material against S. mutans will allow this material to be used in cases in which low mechanical resistance is required (in addition to its anti-inflammatory properties) when using atraumatic restorative techniques, especially in deep cavities.
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Kong C, Zhang H, Li L, Liu Z. Effects of green tea extract epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on oral disease-associated microbes: a review. J Oral Microbiol 2022; 14:2131117. [PMID: 36212989 PMCID: PMC9542882 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2022.2131117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
For thousands of years, caries, periodontitis and mucosal diseases, which are closely related to oral microorganisms, have always affected human health and quality of life. These complex microbiota present in different parts of the mouth can cause chronic infections in the oral cavity under certain conditions, some of which can also lead to acute and systemic diseases. With the mutation of related microorganisms and the continuous emergence of drug-resistant strains, in order to prevent and treat related diseases, in addition to the innovation of diagnosis and treatment technology, the development of new antimicrobial drugs is also important. Catechins are polyphenolic compounds in green tea, some of which are reported to provide health benefits for a variety of diseases. Studies have shown that epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant and effective active ingredient in green tea catechins, which acts against a variety of gram-positive and negative bacteria, as well as some fungi and viruses. This review aims to summarize the research progress on the activity of EGCG against common oral disease-associated organisms and discuss the mechanisms of these actions, hoping to provide new medication strategies for the prevention and treatment of oral infectious diseases, the future research of EGCG and its translation into clinical practice are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Kong
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Huili Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lingfeng Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Kharouf N, Sauro S, Hardan L, Fawzi A, Suhanda IE, Zghal J, Addiego F, Affolter-Zbaraszczuk C, Arntz Y, Ball V, Meyer F, Haikel Y, Mancino D. Impacts of Resveratrol and Pyrogallol on Physicochemical, Mechanical and Biological Properties of Epoxy-Resin Sealers. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9030085. [PMID: 35324774 PMCID: PMC8945518 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9030085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at evaluating the physicochemical and biological properties of experimental epoxy-resin sealers containing polyphenols such as resveratrol and pyrogallol. A conventional epoxy resin (OB) was modified by adding different concentrations of resveratrol (RS) or pyrogallol (PY) to its composition. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities, mechanical properties, along with wettability and morphological changes were investigated. The results were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and multiple comparison tests (α = 0.05). The incorporation of the tested polyphenols into the epoxy resin enhanced its mechanical properties. PY demonstrated much better antioxidant and antibacterial activities than RS, which were associated with a higher release of PY. In contrast, PY showed a higher cytotoxicity than OB and OB doped with RS. OB containing PY presented a rougher surface and higher water absorption than OB doped with RS. Both tested polyphenols caused no notable changes to the overall porosity of OB. Resveratrol and pyrogallol may not only influence the morphology and mechanical properties of epoxy-resin sealers, but could also enhance antioxidant activity and antibacterial effects against Enterococcus faecalis. Most epoxy-resin sealers currently available in the market can be considered as “passive” materials. Thus, doping their composition with specific polyphenols may be a suitable strategy to confer some antibacterial properties, antioxidant potential, along with improvement of some mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naji Kharouf
- Department of Endodontics and Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (I.E.S.); (Y.A.); (V.B.); (F.M.); (Y.H.); (D.M.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM UMR_S 1121 Biomaterials and Bioengineering, 67085 Strasbourg, France;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)66-752-2841
| | - Salvatore Sauro
- Dental Biomaterials and Minimally Invasive Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, C/Santiago Ramón y Cajal, s/n., Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain;
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119146 Moscow, Russia
| | - Louis Hardan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut 11072180, Lebanon;
| | - Amr Fawzi
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Ilona Eveline Suhanda
- Department of Endodontics and Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (I.E.S.); (Y.A.); (V.B.); (F.M.); (Y.H.); (D.M.)
| | - Jihed Zghal
- ICube Laboratory, UMR 7357 CNRS, Mechanics Department, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
- Laboratoire Energetique Mecanique Electromagnetisme, University of Paris Ouest, 50 rue de Sèvres, 92410 Ville d’Avray, France
| | - Frédéric Addiego
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Department Materials Research and Technology (MRT), ZAE Robert Steichen, 5 rue Bommel, L-4940 Hautcharage, Luxembourg;
| | - Christine Affolter-Zbaraszczuk
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM UMR_S 1121 Biomaterials and Bioengineering, 67085 Strasbourg, France;
| | - Youri Arntz
- Department of Endodontics and Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (I.E.S.); (Y.A.); (V.B.); (F.M.); (Y.H.); (D.M.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM UMR_S 1121 Biomaterials and Bioengineering, 67085 Strasbourg, France;
| | - Vincent Ball
- Department of Endodontics and Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (I.E.S.); (Y.A.); (V.B.); (F.M.); (Y.H.); (D.M.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM UMR_S 1121 Biomaterials and Bioengineering, 67085 Strasbourg, France;
| | - Florent Meyer
- Department of Endodontics and Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (I.E.S.); (Y.A.); (V.B.); (F.M.); (Y.H.); (D.M.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM UMR_S 1121 Biomaterials and Bioengineering, 67085 Strasbourg, France;
- Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaire, Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaire de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Youssef Haikel
- Department of Endodontics and Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (I.E.S.); (Y.A.); (V.B.); (F.M.); (Y.H.); (D.M.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM UMR_S 1121 Biomaterials and Bioengineering, 67085 Strasbourg, France;
- Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaire, Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaire de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Davide Mancino
- Department of Endodontics and Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (I.E.S.); (Y.A.); (V.B.); (F.M.); (Y.H.); (D.M.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM UMR_S 1121 Biomaterials and Bioengineering, 67085 Strasbourg, France;
- Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaire, Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaire de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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Hattarki SA, Bogar C, Bhat KG. Green tea catechins showed antibacterial activity on streptococcus mutans -An in vitro study. Indian J Dent Res 2021; 32:226-229. [PMID: 34810394 DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_512_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The main bacterial aetiological agents in caries formation are the α-haemolytic Streptococcal species Streptococcus mutans, which has been found to be the initiator of most dental caries. The leaves of Camellia sinensis known as green tea, has properties, such as antibacterial and anti-cariogenic. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) one of the most abundant catechins found in green tea is known to contribute to these effects. Aim To evaluate the antibacterial effect of green tea catechins namely EGCG on S. mutans with two different methods at different concentrations. Objectives 1) To assess the antimicrobial efficacy of EGCG by disc diffusion test at concentrations of 100, 75, and 50 μg/mL. 2) To assess the antimicrobial efficacy of EGCG by Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test at concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 100 μg/mL. Methodology Commercially available purest form of green tea polyphenol EGCG was used in the study. Disc diffusion test on agar medium and MIC test was used to determine the susceptibility of the S. mutans to green tea catechins EGCG. Results The results of the agar well diffusion method showed that the EGCG extract has shown zones of inhibition against S. mutans at concentrations of 100 μg/mL (28.67 mm), 75 μg/mL (15.33 mm), 50 μg/mL (10.33 mm) while that of MIC test of EGCG extract of concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 100 μg/mL against S. mutans shows that the mean MIC value was 1.07. Conclusion Catechins in the tea are potentially anti-cariogenic agents which can reduce bacterial presence in the oral cavity and have the potential to be further used for the preparation of dentifrice and mouthwash.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeevini A Hattarki
- Department of Periodontology, Maratha Mandal's NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Chetana Bogar
- Department of Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal's NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Kishore G Bhat
- Department of Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal's NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
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11
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de Meneses IHC, de Morais Sampaio GA, Vieira RA, da Silva Campos MJ, Alves PM, Pithon MM, Lacerda-Santos R. Effect of Yellow Propolis on Biocompatibility of Cements: Morphological and Immunohistochemistry Analysis. Eur J Dent 2021; 16:130-136. [PMID: 34428843 PMCID: PMC8890933 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective
The focus of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of ionomer cements modified with ethanolic extracts of propolis (EEP) in different concentrations and time intervals.
Materials and Methods
In total, one hundred and thirty-five male Wistar rats were randomized into nine groups: Control, Groups Meron, and Groups Ketac (conventional, and added with 10, 25, 50% EEP, respectively). Histological analyses of inflammatory infiltrate and collagen fibers, and immunohistochemistry of CD68+ for macrophages (MOs) and multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) were performed.
Statistical Analysis
Data were analyzed using the Kruskal—Wallis and Dunn (
p
< 0.05) tests.
Results
Intense inflammatory infiltrate was demonstrated in the cements with 10% EEP at 7 days and 15 days (
p
< 0.05), only Group Ketac 10% EEP (
p
= 0.01) at 30 days. A smaller quantity of collagen fibers was observed in the cements with 10% EEP (
p
= 0.01) at 7 days, and Group Meron 10% EEP (
p
= 0.04) at 15 days. MOs and MGCs showed significant difference for the cements with 10% EEP (
p
= 0.01) at 7 and 15 days. At 30 days, MOs persisted in the Groups with 10% EEP.
Conclusions
The concentration of 10% EEP had the greatest influence on the inflammatory and tissue repair processes. The concentrations of 25 and 50% EEP demonstrated biocompatibility similar to that of cements that did not receive EEP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rayssa Amaral Vieira
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Márcio José da Silva Campos
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Polliana Muniz Alves
- Department of Pathology, Dental School, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Matheus Melo Pithon
- Department of Orthodontics, State University of the Southwest of Bahia, Jéquie, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Rogério Lacerda-Santos
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School, Federal University of de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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12
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Moreno-Vásquez MJ, Plascencia-Jatomea M, Sánchez-Valdes S, Tanori-Córdova JC, Castillo-Yañez FJ, Quintero-Reyes IE, Graciano-Verdugo AZ. Characterization of Epigallocatechin-Gallate-Grafted Chitosan Nanoparticles and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial and Antioxidant Potential. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1375. [PMID: 33922410 PMCID: PMC8122830 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles based on chitosan modified with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) were synthetized by nanoprecipitation (EGCG-g-chitosan-P). Chitosan was modified by free-radical-induced grafting, which was verified by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Furthermore, the morphology, particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential of the nanoparticles were investigated. The grafting degree of EGCG, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of EGCG-g-chitosan-P were evaluated and compared with those of pure EGCG and chitosan nanoparticles (Chitosan-P). FTIR results confirmed the modification of the chitosan with EGCG. The EGCG-g-chitosan-P showed spherical shapes and smoother surfaces than those of Chitosan-P. EGCG content of the grafted chitosan nanoparticles was 330 μg/g. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of EGCG-g-chitosan-P (15.6 μg/mL) was lower than Chitosan-P (31.2 μg/mL) and EGCG (500 μg/mL) against Pseudomonas fluorescens (p < 0.05). Additionally, EGCG-g-chitosan-P and Chitosan-P presented higher Staphylococcus aureus growth inhibition (100%) than EGCG at the lowest concentration tested. The nanoparticles produced an increase of ROS (p < 0.05) in both bacterial species assayed. Furthermore, EGCG-g-chitosan-P exhibited higher antioxidant activity than that of Chitosan-P (p < 0.05) in 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assays. Based on the above results, EGCG-g-chitosan-P shows the potential for food packaging and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J. Moreno-Vásquez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora, 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico; (M.J.M.-V.); (F.J.C.-Y.)
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Maribel Plascencia-Jatomea
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Saúl Sánchez-Valdes
- Departamento de Procesos de Transformación de Plásticos, Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, 25294 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico;
| | - Judith C. Tanori-Córdova
- Departamento de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales, Universidad de Sonora, 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico;
| | - Francisco J. Castillo-Yañez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora, 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico; (M.J.M.-V.); (F.J.C.-Y.)
| | | | - Abril Z. Graciano-Verdugo
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora, 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico; (M.J.M.-V.); (F.J.C.-Y.)
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13
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Kurt A, Tüzüner T, Baygın Ö. Antibacterial characteristics of glass ionomer cements containing antibacterial agents: an in vitro study. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2021; 22:49-56. [PMID: 32297158 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-020-00523-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity (ABA), Vickers microhardness numbers (VHN) and cumulative fluoride-releasing (CFR) patterns of conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC) containing AB agents. METHODS Chlorhexidine (CHX), Cetrimide (CT) and Cetylpyridinum Chloride (CPC) were added to the powder and Benzalkonium Chloride (BC) was added to liquid of GIC in concentrations of 1% and served as the experimental group (EG). Antibacterial-free GIC was used a control group (CG). RESULTS Compared to the CG, a statistically significantly higher level of ABA was detected at the 1st and 7th day against Streptococcus mutans (SM) and on all days against Lactobacillus casei (LC). The CG had statistically significantly high microhardness values in all time periods compared to the EG. With regard to fluoride ion release, there was no statistical difference between CG and EG at all times. A statistically significant increase was observed in both CG and EG during the 1st day to the 30th day. CONCLUSION The results of this in vitro investigation demonstrated that AB agents added to the GIC can exhibit AB effects against SM and LC without seriously damaging the physical and chemical properties of the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kurt
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Turkey.
| | - T Tüzüner
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ö Baygın
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
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14
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The application of mussel-inspired molecule in dentin bonding. J Dent 2020; 99:103404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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15
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Liao S, Tang Y, Chu C, Lu W, Baligen B, Man Y, Qu Y. Application of green tea extracts epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate in dental materials: Recent progress and perspectives. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 108:2395-2408. [PMID: 32379385 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Liao
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Yu Tang
- Stomatology College & the Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University Luzhou Sichuan China
| | - Chenyu Chu
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Weitong Lu
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Bolatihan Baligen
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Yi Man
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Yili Qu
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
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16
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Polyphenols in Dental Applications. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:bioengineering7030072. [PMID: 32645860 PMCID: PMC7552636 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7030072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: polyphenols are a broad class of molecules extracted from plants and have a large repertoire of biological activities. Biomimetic inspiration from the effects of tea or red wine on the surface of cups or glass lead to the emergence of versatile surface chemistry with polyphenols. Owing to their hydrogen bonding abilities, coordination chemistry with metallic cations and redox properties, polyphenols are able to interact, covalently or not, with a large repertoire of chemical moieties, and can hence be used to modify the surface chemistry of almost all classes of materials. (2) Methods: the use of polyphenols to modify the surface properties of dental materials, mostly enamel and dentin, to afford them with better adhesion to resins and improved biological properties, such as antimicrobial activity, started more than 20 years ago, but no general overview has been written to our knowledge. (3) Results: the present review is aimed to show that molecules from all the major classes of polyphenolics allow for low coast improvements of dental materials and engineering of dental tissues.
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17
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Antibacterial and mechanical properties of reduced graphene-silver nanoparticle nanocomposite modified glass ionomer cements. J Dent 2020; 96:103332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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18
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Peng W, Yi L, Wang Z, Yang H, Huang C. Effects of resveratrol/ethanol pretreatment on dentin bonding durability. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 114:111000. [PMID: 32994020 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
To determine the effects of resveratrol/ethanol solution on the durability of resin-dentin bonding interfaces. Sixty-four non-caries third molars were randomly divided into four groups (n = 16) after sectioning, and then pretreated with one of the following concentrations of resveratrol/ethanol solutions: 0 (control group), 1, 10 and 20 mg/mL, followed by a universal adhesive and resin composites. All microtensile samples were divided into three subgroups: immediate group, collagenase ageing group and thermocycled group. The microtensile bond strength (MTBS), failure modes, interfacial nanoleakage and in situ zymography were measured, whereas the inhibitory effects of pretreated dentin slices on S. mutans biofilms were determined by confocal laser scanning microscopy and MTT assay. The results indicated that bonding strength was not only influenced by pretreatment factors (P < 0.05) but also ageing factors (P < 0.05). Regardless of collagenase ageing or thermocycling, the 10 mg/mL resveratrol/ethanol pretreatment group presented significantly higher (P < 0.05) MTBS and lower (P < 0.05) expression of nanoleakage than the control group, showed better inhibitory effect of matrix metalloproteinases and S. mutans activity with acceptable cytotoxicity. Meanwhile, cohesive failure in dentin decreased gradually with increasing resveratrol concentration. Therefore, the resveratrol/ethanol solution had the potential to serve as a versatile dentin primer, which can effectively improve dentin bonding durability and prevent secondary caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenan Peng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China
| | - Luyao Yi
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China
| | - Ziming Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China
| | - Hongye Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China; College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Cui Huang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China.
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19
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Meneses IHCD, Sampaio GADM, Carvalho FGD, Carlo HL, Münchow EA, Pithon MM, Alves PM, Lacerda-Santos R. In Vivo Biocompatibility, Mechanical, and Antibacterial Properties of Cements Modified with Propolis in Different Concentrations. Eur J Dent 2020; 14:77-84. [PMID: 32168534 PMCID: PMC7079564 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1702255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives
The focus of this triple-blind randomized study was to evaluate the mechanical properties, antibacterial effect, and
in vivo
biocompatibility of glass ionomer cements (GICs) modified with ethanolic extracts of propolis (EEP).
Materials and Methods
For biocompatibility tests, 135 male Wistar rats were used and divided into nine groups: Group C (control, polyethylene), Groups M, M10, M25, M50 (Meron; conventional, and modified with 10%, 25%, 50% EEP, respectively), Groups KC, KC10, KC25, KC50 (Ketac Cem; conventional, and modified with 10%, 25%, 50% EEP, respectively). The tissues were analyzed under an optical microscope for different cellular events in different time intervals. Shear bond strength test (SBST) on cementation of metal matrices (
n
= 10, per group), adhesive remnant index (ARI) in bovine incisors (
n
= 10, per group), and antibacterial properties by the agar diffusion test (
n
= 15, per group) were analyzed.
Statistical Analysis
Data were analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn, and one-way analysis of variance test followed by Tukey’s test (
p
< 0.5).
Results
Morphological evaluation demonstrated intense inflammatory infiltrate in Groups M10 and KC10 in the time intervals of 7 (
p
= 0.001) and 15 (
p
= 0.006) days. Multinucleated giant cells were shown to be more present in Group M1, with statistical difference from Control and KC50 Groups in the time interval of 7 days (
p
= 0.033). The SBST showed no statistical significance among the groups (
p
> 0.05). Antibacterial property showed a statistically significant difference between Meron and Meron 50%-EEP Groups, and between Ketac and Ketac 50%-EPP Groups (
p
= 0.001).
Conclusions
The intensity of histological changes resulting from the cements was shown to be inversely proportional to the concentration of propolis added; Ketac 50%-EPP was the concentration that had the most favorable biocompatibility results. Addition of EEP to GIC did not negatively change the SBST and ARI. Antibacterial property demonstrated a concentration-dependent effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gêisa Aiane de Morais Sampaio
- Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry, Dental School, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Fabiola Galbiatti de Carvalho
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Hugo Lemes Carlo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eliseu Aldrighi Münchow
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Matheus Melo Pithon
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental School, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Orthodontics, State University of the Southwest of Bahia, Jéquie, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Polliana Muniz Alves
- Department of Pathology, Dental School, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Rogério Lacerda-Santos
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental School, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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20
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Liu Y, Kohno T, Tsuboi R, Kitagawa H, Imazato S. Acidity-induced release of zinc ion from BioUnion TM filler and its inhibitory effects against Streptococcus mutans. Dent Mater J 2020; 39:547-553. [PMID: 32092722 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2019-061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BioUnion filler incorporated into restorative/coating materials is a new bio-functional glass powder. The most unique function of BioUnion filler is its ability to release Zn2+ in acidic environments. In this study, the ion release profile of BioUnion filler under acidic conditions and its antibacterial effects against Streptococcus mutans were evaluated. The concentrations of Zn2+ released from BioUnion fillers into acetic acids were greater than those released into water. S. mutans inhibition by BioUnion fillers was greater with sucrose than without sucrose, reflecting a decrease in suspension pH in response to the addition of sucrose. Exposure to acids increased Zn2+ release from BioUnion fillers, and the fillers after repeated exposure to acids demonstrated inhibitory effects against S. mutans. These findings suggest that BioUnion filler accelerated the release of Zn2+ under acidic conditions, which induced bactericidal/inhibitory effects against S. mutans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Liu
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Tomoki Kohno
- Department of Advanced Functional Materials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Ririko Tsuboi
- Department of Advanced Functional Materials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Haruaki Kitagawa
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Satoshi Imazato
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry.,Department of Advanced Functional Materials Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry
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21
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Oguz Ahmet BS, Sayin Ozel G, Mutluay MM, Tezvergil Mutluay A. Effect of gallic acid addition on some mechanical properties of self-adhesive resin cements. Braz Oral Res 2019; 33:e053. [PMID: 31531561 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2019.vol33.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-adhesive resin cements (RCs) activate matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and cathepsin-related collagen degradation, and gallic acid (GA) inhibits the activity of both MMPs and cysteine cathepsins. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the setting time, biaxial flexural strength, and Vickers hardness of self-adhesive RCs after the addition of two different concentrations of GA. RelyX U200 (3M ESPE) and Panavia SA (Kuraray) were modified with 0.5 and 1 wt% GA. The setting time of five samples in each RC group was assessed using a thermocouple apparatus as described in the ISO 4049 test. Biaxial flexure strength was measured using a universal testing machine until failure. Vickers hardness was measured with three randomized indentations on the surface of each resin disc. RCs without GA were used as control. Data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's HSD test (α = 0.05). The setting times ranged from 2.4 to 4.6 min for RelyX and from 4.9 to 6.0 min for Panavia. The biaxial flexure strength ranged from 76.5 to 109.7 MPa for RelyX and from 73.3 to 108.2 MPa for Panavia. Vickers hardness values ranged from 41.6 to 58.6 for RelyX and 27.2 to 33.6 for Panavia. The addition of 0.5 and 1 wt% GA to improve durability of resin-dentin bonds had no adverse effects on setting time, whereas the biaxial flexure strength and Vickers hardness values for the tested materials were significantly reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bebek Serra Oguz Ahmet
- Istanbul Medipol University, School of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulsum Sayin Ozel
- Istanbul Medipol University, School of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Murat Mutluay
- University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Dentistry, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arzu Tezvergil Mutluay
- University of Turku, Institute of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Cariology, Turku, Finland
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22
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Trans,trans-farnesol, an antimicrobial natural compound, improves glass ionomer cement properties. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220718. [PMID: 31430298 PMCID: PMC6701760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of experiments were conducted to characterize a novel restorative material. We explored the effect on biological, physical and chemical properties of glass ionomer cement (GIC) adding-the naturally occurring tt-farnesol (900 mM). Two groups were accomplished for all assays: GIC+tt-farnesol and GIC (control). Biological assays: 1) agar diffusion against some cariogenic bacteria; 2) S. mutans biofilm formation and confocal laser scanning microscopy-CLSM. 3) gtfB, gtfC, gtfD, gbpB, vicR, and covR expression; 4) MTT and microscopic morphology. Physical properties assays: 1) roughness; 2) hardness; 3) compressive strength and 4) diametral tensile strength. Chemical assay: Raman spectroscopy. The adding of tt-farnesol to GIC led to larger zones of inhibition (p<0.05), biofilms with a short-term reduction in bacterial viability but similar biomass (p>0.05). Polysaccharides levels increased over time, similarly over groups (p>0.05). Viable and non-viable S. mutans were seen on the specimens’ surface by CLSM but their virulence was not modulated by tt-farnesol. The tt-farnesol increased the HaCaT cell viability without impact on compressive and diametral tensile strength and roughness although the hardness was positively affected (p<0.05). Raman confirmed the presence of tt-farnesol. The incorporation of tt-farnesol into GIC inhibited the growth of cariogenic bacteria but had a little effect on the composition, structure and physiology of the biofilm matrices. Also, the tt-farnesol increased the hardness and the biocompatibility of the GIC, not influencing negatively other physical properties of the restorative material.
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Hasegawa T, Takenaka S, Ohsumi T, Ida T, Ohshima H, Terao Y, Naksagoon T, Maeda T, Noiri Y. Effect of a novel glass ionomer cement containing fluoro-zinc-silicate fillers on biofilm formation and dentin ion incorporation. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 24:963-970. [PMID: 31273528 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-02991-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study is aimed at evaluating the effect of a new glass ionomer cement (GIC) containing fluoro-zinc-silicate fillers on biofilm formation and ion incorporation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Streptococcus mutans biofilms were developed on two GIC materials: Caredyne Restore (CD) and Fuji VII (FJ); and hydroxyapatite (HA) for 24 h at 37 °C using a flow cell system. The morphological structure and bacterial viability were analyzed using a confocal laser scanning microscopy. Bacterial adhesion during the initial 2 h was also assessed by viable cell counting. To study the ion incorporation, restored cavities prepared on the root surfaces of human incisors were subjected to the elemental mapping of the zinc and fluoride ions in the GIC-dentin interface using a wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy electron probe microanalyzer. RESULTS Morphological observations revealed that biofilm formation in the CD group was remarkably inhibited compared with the HA and FJ groups, exhibiting sparse, thinner biofilm clusters. The microorganisms adhering to the CD group were significantly inhibited, revealing 2.9 ± 0.4 for CD, 4.9 ± 0.2 for FJ, and 5.4 ± 0.4 log colony-forming units (CFU) for HA. The CD zinc ion incorporation depth was 72.2 ± 8.0 μm. The fluoride penetration of CD was three times deeper than that of FJ; this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Enhanced by the incorporation of zinc and fluoride ions, the new GIC inhibited biofilm formation by interfering with bacterial adhesion. CLINICAL RELEVANCE A novel GIC comprised of fluoro-zinc-silicate fillers may improve clinical outcomes, such as root caries and minimally invasive dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Hasegawa
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Shoji Takenaka
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Ohsumi
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Takako Ida
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Hayato Ohshima
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of Hard Tissue, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Yutaka Terao
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Traithawit Naksagoon
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan.,Research Centre for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Takeyasu Maeda
- Research Centre for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Noiri
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
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Hengge R. Targeting Bacterial Biofilms by the Green Tea Polyphenol EGCG. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24132403. [PMID: 31261858 PMCID: PMC6650844 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are multicellular aggregates in which cells are embedded in an extracellular matrix of self-produced biopolymers. Being refractory to antibiotic treatment and host immune systems, biofilms are involved in most chronic infections, and anti-biofilm agents are being searched for urgently. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) was recently shown to act against biofilms by strongly interfering with the assembly of amyloid fibres and the production of phosphoethanolamin-modified cellulose fibrils. Mechanistically, this includes a direct inhibition of the fibre assembly, but also triggers a cell envelope stress response that down-regulates the synthesis of these widely occurring biofilm matrix polymers. Based on its anti-amyloidogenic properties, EGCG seems useful against biofilms involved in cariogenesis or chronic wound infection. However, EGCG seems inefficient against or may even sometimes promote biofilms which rely on other types of matrix polymers, suggesting that searching for 'magic bullet' anti-biofilm agents is an unrealistic goal. Combining molecular and ecophysiological aspects in this review also illustrates why plants control the formation of biofilms on their surfaces by producing anti-amyloidogenic compounds such as EGCG. These agents are not only helpful in combating certain biofilms in chronic infections but even seem effective against the toxic amyloids associated with neuropathological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regine Hengge
- Institut für Biologie/Mikrobiologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10155 Berlin, Germany.
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25
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Kutuk ZB, Vural UK, Cakir FY, Miletic I, Gurgan S. Mechanical properties and water sorption of two experimental glass ionomer cements with hydroxyapatite or calcium fluorapatite formulation. Dent Mater J 2019; 38:471-479. [PMID: 31068548 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2018-085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study the mechanical behavior and water sorption (Ws) of experimental glass-ionomer-cements (GICs) with hydroxyapatite (HA) or calcium fluorapatite (CFA) prototype formulations were examined. Specimens from two experimental and one commercially available GIC were prepared in three protocols; (1) according to the manufacturer's instructions, (2) with coating and (3) with heat application. The specimens were stored in distilled water or artificial saliva at 37°C for 7- and 30-days. Flexural strength (FS), Vickers hardness (VHN) and Ws of GICs were evaluated. Experimental GICs showed higher FS values than commercial GIC (p<0.001). Higher FS and VHN values were observed when GICs were prepared according to manufacturer's recommendation. FS was affected only by GIC-type (η2=0.027), whereas VHN was affected by GIC-type (η2=0.331), treatment-protocols (η2=0.067), storage-medium (η2=0.100) and increased storage-duration (η2=0.317). The tested parameters did not significantly influence the Ws of all tested GICs (p>0.05). The GICs with HA or CFA formulations might represent a promising approach due to their FS, VHN and Ws characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Bilge Kutuk
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Hacettepe University
| | - Uzay Koc Vural
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Hacettepe University
| | - Filiz Yalcin Cakir
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Hacettepe University
| | - Ivana Miletic
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb
| | - Sevil Gurgan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Hacettepe University
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26
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Kurt A, Tüzüner T, Altıntepe İ, Aydınoğlu S, Sökmen M. The Effect of Heat Application on Fluoride Release in Antibacterial Added Glass Ionomer Cement. CUMHURIYET DENTAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.7126/cumudj.502880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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27
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da Silva MER, Danelon M, Santos Souza JA, Silva DF, Pereira JA, Pedrini D, de Camargo ER, Botazzo Delbem AC, Duque C. Incorporation of chlorhexidine and nano-sized sodium trimetaphosphate into a glass-ionomer cement: Effect on mechanical and microbiological properties and inhibition of enamel demineralization. J Dent 2019; 84:81-88. [PMID: 30953673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the antimicrobial/antibiofilm and mechanical properties, and the effect on enamel demineralization of a resin-modified GIC (RMGIC) containing CHX and nano-sized sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP). METHODS RMGIC was associated with CHX (1.25 or 2.5%) and/or TMP (7 or 14%). Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity were assessed using agar diffusion test and evaluation of biofilm metabolism, respectively. In addition, fluoride (F) and TMP releases as well as the diametral tensile (DTS) and compressive (CS) strength were determined. The percentage of mineral loss (%SH), integrated loss of subsurface hardness (ΔKHN) and enamel F concentrations were also evaluated. RESULTS RMGICs containing CHX associated or not with TMP presented higher inhibition zones and effect on S. mutans biofilm. A reduction on CS was observed only for RMGIC + 2.5%CHX and on DTS for RMGIC + 2.5%CHX + 14%TMP. The highest F and TMP releases and lowest %SH and ΔKHN values were detected for RMGIC + 1.25%CHX + 14%TMP and RMGIC + 2.5%CHX + 14%TMP. Higher enamel F concentrations were observed for TMP groups. CONCLUSION 1.25%CHX and 14%TMP increased antimicrobial/antibiofilm action and the ability to prevent enamel demineralization, with minimal effect on the mechanical properties of RMGIC. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE RMGIC containing CHX and TMP is an alternative material for patients at high risk for dental caries and can be indicated for low-stress regions or provisional restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcelle Danelon
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Antonio Santos Souza
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dinah Fressato Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jesse Augusto Pereira
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise Pedrini
- Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Duque
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Cevallos González FM, Dos Santos Araújo EM, Lorenzetti Simionato MR, Kfouri Siriani L, Armas Vega ADC, Studart Medeiros I, Bona Matos A. Effects of theobromine addition on chemical and mechanical properties of a conventional glass ionomer cement. Prog Biomater 2019; 8:23-29. [PMID: 30725401 PMCID: PMC6424986 DOI: 10.1007/s40204-019-0107-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro effect of 1% theobromine addition on the physical and chemical properties of conventional glass ionomer (GIC) cement was investigated. Conventional GIC (GIC-C) and 1% theobromine added to GIC (GIC-THEO) specimens were compared regarding the microhardness (n = 10), sorption (n = 5), solubility (n = 5), color change (n = 10), fluoride release in saliva (n = 10) and the amount of biofilm deposition (n = 20). Compared against conventional GIC, adding 1% theobromine increased microhardness (p < 0.05), while its sorption, solubility, color and fluoride release to saliva (p > 0.05) remained unchanged. On the other hand, Streptococcus mutans biofilm amount deposited on its surface decreased statistically when theobromine was added to GIC (p < 0.05). Based on the results, it could be concluded that 1% theobromine addition to GIC can be a good strategy as it keeps some of its properties and improves microhardness and biofilm deposits strengthening its role in the preventive approach of dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabricio Marcelo Cevallos González
- Inter Institutional PhD Program at School of Dentistry of University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, Central University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Luciana Kfouri Siriani
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Igor Studart Medeiros
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Bona Matos
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-000, Brazil.
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29
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Tüzüner T, Dimkov A, Nicholson JW. The effect of antimicrobial additives on the properties of dental glass-ionomer cements: a review. ACTA BIOMATERIALIA ODONTOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA 2019; 5:9-21. [PMID: 30652117 PMCID: PMC6327935 DOI: 10.1080/23337931.2018.1539623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this article is to review the literature on the use of antimicrobial additives in glass-ionomer dental cements. Method: An electronic search between 1987 and the end of 2017 was performed using PubMed, Web of Science and Google search engines with the terms glass-ionomer, glass polyalkenoate, antibacterial and antimicrobial as the key words. The search was refined by excluding the majority of references concerned with cement antimicrobial properties only. Extra papers already known to the authors were added to those considered. Results: A total of 92 relevant articles have been cited in the review of which 55 are specifically concerned with the enhancement of antibacterial properties of glass-ionomers, both conventional and resin-modified, with additives. In addition, information is included on the uses of glass-ionomers and the biological properties of the antibacterial additives employed. There are several reports that show that additives are typically released by diffusion, and that a high proportion is usually left behind, trapped in the cement. Additives generally increase setting times of cements, and reduce mechanical properties. However, smaller amounts of additive have only slight effects and the longer-term durability of cements appears unaffected. Conclusion: Modified glass-ionomer cements seem to be acceptable for clinical use, especially in the Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer Tüzüner
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Aleksandar Dimkov
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, St Cyril and St Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - John W. Nicholson
- Bluefield Centre for Biomaterials, London, United Kingdom
- Dental Physical Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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30
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Ching HS, Luddin N, Kannan TP, Ab Rahman I, Abdul Ghani NRN. Modification of glass ionomer cements on their physical-mechanical and antimicrobial properties. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2018; 30:557-571. [PMID: 30394667 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this review was to provide an insight about the factors affecting the properties of glass ionomer cements and provides a review regarding studies that are related to modification of glass ionomer cements to improve their properties, particularly on physical-mechanical and antimicrobial activity. METHODS PubMed and Science Direct were searched for papers published between the years 1974 and 2018. The search was restricted to articles written in English related to modification of glass ionomer cements. Only articles published in peer-reviewed journals were included. The search included literature reviews, in vitro, and in vivo studies. Articles written in other languages, without available abstracts and those related to other field were excluded. About 198 peer-review articles in the English language were reviewed. CONCLUSION Based on the finding, most of the modification has improved physical-mechanical properties of glass ionomer cements. Recently, researchers have attempted to improve their antimicrobial properties. However, the attempts were reported to compromise the physical-mechanical properties of modified glass ionomer cements. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE As the modification of glass ionomer cement with different material improved the physical-mechanical and antimicrobial properties, it could be used as restorative material for wider application in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hii S Ching
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Norhayati Luddin
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Thirumulu P Kannan
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Human Genome Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ismail Ab Rahman
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nik R N Abdul Ghani
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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31
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Tuzuner T. In-vitro evaluation of the microhardness and fluoride releasing properties of chlorhexidine+benzalkonium chloride mixtures incorporated into conventional glass ionomer cement. CUMHURIYET DENTAL JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.7126/cumudj.407334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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32
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Physical property investigation of contemporary glass ionomer and resin-modified glass ionomer restorative materials. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:1295-1308. [PMID: 29998443 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2554-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to investigate selected physical properties of nine contemporary and recently marketed glass ionomer cement (GIC) and four resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGI) dental restorative materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Specimens (n = 12) were fabricated for fracture toughness and flexure strength using standardized, stainless steel molds. Testing was completed on a universal testing machine until failure. Knoop hardness was obtained using failed fracture toughness specimens on a microhardness tester, while both flexural modulus and flexural toughness was obtained by analysis of the flexure strength results data. Testing was completed at 1 h, 24 h, 1 week, and then at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Mean data was analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney (p = 0.05). RESULTS Physical properties results were material dependent. Physical properties of the GIC and RMGI products were inferior at 1 h compared to that at 24 h. Some improvement in selected physical properties were noted over time, but development processes were basically concluded by 24 h. A few materials demonstrated improved physical properties over the course of the evaluation. CONCLUSIONS Under the conditions of this study: 1. GIC and RMGI physical property performance over time was material dependent; 2. Polyalkenoate maturation processes are essentially complete by 24 h; 3. Although differences in GIC physical properties were noted, the small magnitude of the divergences may render such to be unlikely of clinical significance; 4. Modest increases in some GIC physical properties were noted especially flexural modulus and hardness, which lends support to reports of a maturing hydrogel matrix; 5. Overall, GIC product physical properties were more stable than RMGI; 6. A similar modulus reduction at 6 months for both RMGI and GIC produced may suggest a polyalkenoate matrix change; and 7. Globally, RMGI products demonstrated higher values of flexure strength, flexural toughness, and fracture toughness than GIC materials. CLINICAL RELEVANCE As compared to RMGI materials, conventional glass ionomer restorative materials demonstrate more stability in physical properties.
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Castilho ARFD, Duque C, Kreling PF, Pereira JA, Paula ABD, Sinhoreti MAC, Puppin-Rontani RM. Doxycycline-containing glass ionomer cement for arresting residual caries: an in vitro study and a pilot trial. J Appl Oral Sci 2018; 26:e20170116. [PMID: 29742263 PMCID: PMC5933828 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2017-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, we demonstrated that the incorporation of doxycycline hyclate (DOX) into resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) inhibited important cariogenic microorganisms, without modifying its biological and mechanical characteristics. In this study, we keep focused on the effect of that experimental material as a potential therapy for arresting residual caries by analyzing other in vitro properties and conducting a pilot clinical trial assessing the in vivo effect of DOX-containing RMGIC on residual mutans streptococci after partial carious removal in primary molars. Specimens of the groups RMGIC (control); RMGIC + 1.5% DOX; RMGIC + 3% DOX; and RMGIC + 4.5% DOX were made to evaluate the effect of DOX incorporation on surface microhardness and fluoride release of RMGIC and against biofilm of Streptococcus mutans. Clinical intervention consisted of partial caries removal comparing RMGIC and RMGIC + 4.5% DOX as lining materials. After 3 months, clinical and microbiologic evaluations were performed. Data were submitted to ANOVA/Tukey or Wilcoxon/Mann-Whitney set as α=0.05. Fluoride release and surface microhardness was not influenced by the incorporation of DOX (p>0.05). There was a significant reduction of S. mutans biofilm over the material surface with the increase of DOX concentration. After clinical trial, the remaining dentin was hard and dry. Additionally, mutans streptococci were completely eliminated after 3 months of treatment with RMGIC + 4.5% DOX. The incorporation of DOX provided better antibiofilm effect, without jeopardizing fluoride release and surface microhardness of RMGIC. This combination also improved the in vivo shortterm microbiological effect of RMGIC after partial caries removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Rogéria Freire de Castilho
- Departamento de Odontologia Infantil, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil
| | - Cristiane Duque
- Departamento de Odontologia Infantil e Social, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, SP, Brasil
| | - Paula Fernanda Kreling
- Departamento de Odontologia Infantil e Social, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, SP, Brasil
| | - Jesse Augusto Pereira
- Departamento de Odontologia Infantil e Social, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, SP, Brasil
| | - Andreia Bolzan de Paula
- Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil
| | - Mario Alexandre Coelho Sinhoreti
- Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil
| | - Regina Maria Puppin-Rontani
- Departamento de Odontologia Infantil, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil
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Nikoo M, Regenstein JM, Ahmadi Gavlighi H. Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and its Potential to Preserve the Quality and Safety of Foods. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:732-753. [PMID: 33350134 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Quality deterioration of fresh or processed foods is a major challenge for the food industry not only due to economic losses but also due to the risks associated with spoiled foods resulting, for example, from toxic compounds. On the other hand, there are increasing limitations on the application of synthetic preservatives such as antioxidants in foods because of their potential links to human health risks. With the new concept of functional ingredients and the development of the functional foods market, and the desire for a "clean" label, recent research has focused on finding safe additives with multifunctional effects to ensure food safety and quality. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a biologically active compound in green tea, has received considerable attention in recent years and is considered a potential alternative to synthetic food additives. EGCG has been shown to prevent the growth of different Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria responsible for food spoilage while showing antioxidant activity in food systems. This review focuses on recent findings related to EGCG separation techniques, modification of its structure, mechanisms of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, and applications in preserving the quality and safety of foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Nikoo
- the Dept. of Pathobiology and Quality Control, Artemia and Aquaculture Research Inst., Urmia Univ., Urmia, West Azerbaijan, 57561-51818, Iran
| | - Joe M Regenstein
- Dept. of Food Science, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y., 14853-7201, U.S.A
| | - Hassan Ahmadi Gavlighi
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares Univ., Tehran, 14115-336, Iran
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Elgamily H, Ghallab O, El-Sayed H, Nasr M. Antibacterial potency and fluoride release of a glass ionomer restorative material containing different concentrations of natural and chemical products: An in-vitro comparative study. J Clin Exp Dent 2018; 10:e312-e320. [PMID: 29750090 PMCID: PMC5937960 DOI: 10.4317/jced.54606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the antibacterial efficacy against Streptococcus mutans and fluoride release of a conventional glass ionomer (GI) contained natural and chemical agents. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two hundred and ten GI specimens were divided into ten groups (n=21) according to the concentrations of the additives as; Propolis extract containing GI (Groups 1, 2, 3) with concentrations of 0.25%, 0.75% and 1.25% respectively, Miswak extract containing GI (Groups 4, 5, 6) and Chlorhexidine containing GI (Groups 7, 8, 9) with the same concentrations. The prepared specimens were subjected to antimicrobial activity by well diffusion, bacterial adherence, and fluoride release (from 2 to 72 hours) assessments. RESULTS A higher statistically significant antibacterial activity was found in (Groups 2, 3) compared to (Groups 8, 9), while (Groups 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10) no antibacterial efficacy was reported. For (Groups 2, 3) had a higher statistically significant anti-adherence effect compared to the other tested groups. Enhanced ascending increase in fluoride release was observed for (Groups 3, 4) compared to (GI). CONCLUSIONS The increased concentration of propolis extract had a synergistic effect on the antimicrobial activity of the tested GI. Additive concentrations of 0.25% Miswak and 1.25% propolis could enhance the fluoride-releasing ability of the tested GI. Key words:Propolis, miswak, chlorhexidine, glass ionomer, fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa Elgamily
- Restorative and Dental Materials Department, Oral and Dental Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Omaima Ghallab
- Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hoda El-Sayed
- Dairy Science Department, Food Industries and Nutrition Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Maha Nasr
- Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain -Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mutah University, Jordan
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Kwon YS, Kim HJ, Hwang YC, Rosa V, Yu MK, Min KS. Effects of Epigallocatechin Gallate, an Antibacterial Cross-linking Agent, on Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Cells Cultured in Collagen Scaffolds. J Endod 2018; 43:289-296. [PMID: 28132713 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), an antibacterial cross-linking agent, on the proliferation and differentiation of human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) cultured in hydrogel collagen scaffolds. METHODS The odontogenic differentiation induced by EGCG was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and odontogenic-related gene expression using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The antibacterial effect of EGCG was investigated by a disc diffusion assay in comparison with glutaraldehyde. Proliferation was analyzed by cell number counting under both optical and confocal laser scanning microscopes. To assess the mechanical properties of collagen treated with EGCG, the setting time, surface roughness, and compressive strength were measured. RESULTS EGCG itself did not up-regulate the odontogenic-related markers (P > .05) although ALP activity was slightly increased. The proliferation and differentiation of hDPCs cultured in collagen increased significantly in the presence of EGCG (P < .05). The antibacterial activity of EGCG was similar to that of glutaraldehyde. The setting time of collagen was significantly shortened when it was treated with EGCG (P < .05). The surface roughness and compressive strength of the cross-linked collagen were higher than those of collagen without EGCG (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that EGCG, the antibacterial cross-linking agent, promoted the proliferation and differentiation of hDPCs cultured in collagen scaffolds. Furthermore, the enhanced mechanical properties of collagen scaffolds induced by EGCG may play important roles in cell behavior. Consequently, the application of EGCG to collagen scaffolds might be beneficial for regenerative endodontic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Sun Kwon
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Yun-Chan Hwang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Vinicius Rosa
- Discipline of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mi-Kyung Yu
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea; Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Kyung-San Min
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea; Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.
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Duque C, Aida KL, Pereira JA, Teixeira GS, Caldo-Teixeira AS, Perrone LR, Caiaffa KS, Negrini TDC, Castilho ARFD, Costa CADS. In vitro and in vivo evaluations of glass-ionomer cement containing chlorhexidine for Atraumatic Restorative Treatment. J Appl Oral Sci 2017; 25:541-550. [PMID: 29069152 PMCID: PMC5804391 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2016-0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Addition of chlorhexidine has enhanced the antimicrobial effect of glass ionomer cement (GIC) indicated to Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART); however, the impact of this mixture on the properties of these materials and on the longevity of restorations must be investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of incorporating chlorhexidine (CHX) in the in vitro biological and chemical-mechanical properties of GIC and in vivo clinical/ microbiological follow-up of the ART with GIC containing or not CHX. Material and Methods: For in vitro studies, groups were divided into GIC, GIC with 1.25% CHX, and GIC with 2.5% CHX. Antimicrobial activity of GIC was analyzed using agar diffusion and anti-biofilm assays. Cytotoxic effects, compressive tensile strength, microhardness and fluoride (F) release were also evaluated. A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 36 children that received ART either with GIC or GIC with CHX. Saliva and biofilm were collected for mutans streptococci (MS) counts and the survival rate of restorations was checked after 7 days, 3 months and one year after ART. ANOVA/Tukey or Kruskal-Wallis/ Mann-Whitney tests were performed for in vitro tests and in vivo microbiological analysis. The Kaplan-Meier method and Log rank tests were applied to estimate survival percentages of restorations (p<0.05). Results: Incorporation of 1.25% and 2.5% CHX improved the antimicrobial/anti-biofilm activity of GIC, without affecting F release and mechanical characteristics, but 2.5% CHX was cytotoxic. Survival rate of restorations using GIC with 1.25% CHX was similar to GIC. A significant reduction of MS levels was observed for KM+CHX group in children saliva and biofilm 7 days after treatment. Conclusions: The incorporation of 1.25% CHX increased the in vitro antimicrobial activity, without changing chemical-mechanical properties of GIC and odontoblast-like cell viability. This combination improved the in vivo short-term microbiological effect without affecting clinical performance of ART restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Duque
- Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Departamento de Odontologia Infantil e Social, Araçatuba, SP, Brasil
| | - Kelly Limi Aida
- Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Departamento de Odontologia Infantil e Social, Araçatuba, SP, Brasil
| | - Jesse Augusto Pereira
- Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Departamento de Odontologia Infantil e Social, Araçatuba, SP, Brasil
| | - Gláucia Schuindt Teixeira
- Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Instituto de Saúde de Nova Friburgo, Departamento de Odontologia, Nova Friburgo, RJ, Brasil
| | - Angela Scarparo Caldo-Teixeira
- Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Instituto de Saúde de Nova Friburgo, Departamento de Odontologia, Nova Friburgo, RJ, Brasil
| | - Luciana Rodrigues Perrone
- Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Instituto de Saúde de Nova Friburgo, Departamento de Odontologia, Nova Friburgo, RJ, Brasil
| | - Karina Sampaio Caiaffa
- Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Departamento de Odontologia Infantil e Social, Araçatuba, SP, Brasil
| | - Thais de Cássia Negrini
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Odontologia Conservadora, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Aline Rogéria Freire de Castilho
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Departamento de Odontologia Infantil, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil
| | - Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa
- Univ. Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, Departamento de Fisiologia e Patologia, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
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Antibacterial glass-ionomer cement restorative materials: A critical review on the current status of extended release formulations. J Control Release 2017; 262:317-328. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Yan H, Yang H, Li K, Yu J, Huang C. Effects of Chlorhexidine-Encapsulated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles on the Anti-Biofilm and Mechanical Properties of Glass Ionomer Cement. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22071225. [PMID: 28753997 PMCID: PMC6152133 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the primary causes for the failure of glass ionomer cement (GIC) is secondary caries. To enhance the anti-microbial performance of GIC without affecting its mechanical properties, chlorhexidine (CHX) was encapsulated in expanded-pore mesoporous silica nanoparticles (pMSN) to synthesize CHX@pMSN. CHX@pMSN was added at three mass fractions (1%, 5%, and 10% (w/w)) to GIC powder as the experimental groups. Pure GIC was set as the control group. The mechanical and anti-biofilm properties of GIC from each group were tested. The results demonstrated that CHX was successfully encapsulated on/into pMSN, and the encapsulating efficiency of CHX was 44.62% in CHX@pMSN. The anti-biofilm ability was significantly enhanced in all experimental groups (p < 0.001) compared with that in the control group. CHX was continuously released, and anti-biofilm ability was maintained up to 30 days. In addition, the mechanical properties (compressive strength, surface hardness, elastic modulus, water sorption, and solubility) of 1% (w/w) group were maintained compared with those in the control group (p > 0.05). In conclusion, adding 1% (w/w) CHX@pMSN to GIC led to conspicuous anti-biofilm ability and had no adverse effect on the mechanical properties of this restorative material. This study proposes a new strategy for preventing secondary caries by using CHX@pMSN-modified GIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyi Yan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Hongye Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Kang Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Jian Yu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Cui Huang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
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Yang B, Gao P, Wu X, Yu J, Li Y, Meng R, Li Y, Yan J, Jin X. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate attenuates neointimal hyperplasia in a rat model of carotid artery injury by inhibition of high mobility group box 1 expression. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:1975-1982. [PMID: 28962112 PMCID: PMC5609174 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a kind of polyphenol compound, called catechin, and is extracted from green tea. EGCG has a wide range of biological activities. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of EGCG on neointimal hyperplasia in a rat model of carotid artery balloon injury and to explore the molecular mechanisms involved. Various experiments were performed to assess the effects of EGCG on thickening of neointima, expression levels of high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) and receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE), the inflammatory response, oxidative stress and activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB. Results demonstrated that EGCG decreased the intimal area and the ratio of intimal area/medial area compared with the balloon injury group. The expression levels of HMGB1 and RAGE induced by balloon injury were markedly inhibited by EGCG treatment. Furthermore, the inflammatory response and oxidative stress damage, which have close correlations with HMGB1, were restrained by EGCG. Finally, EGCG treatment markedly inhibited NF-κB activation. The present data provided evidence that EGCG attenuates neointimal hyperplasia in a model of carotid artery balloon injury, which indicated that EGCG may serve as a potential drug for restenosis in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Xuejun Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Jixiang Yu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Ranran Meng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Yubin Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276003, P.R. China
| | - Jingqiang Yan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266011, P.R. China
| | - Xing Jin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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Influence of Porous Spherical-Shaped Hydroxyapatite on Mechanical Strength and Bioactive Function of Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10010027. [PMID: 28772386 PMCID: PMC5344612 DOI: 10.3390/ma10010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glass-ionomer-cement (GIC) is helpful in Minimal Intervention Dentistry because it releases fluoride ions and is highly biocompatible. The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanisms by which hydroxyapatite (HAp) improves the mechanical strength and bioactive functioning of GIC when these materials are combined to make apatite ionomer cement (AIC). A conventional GIC powder was mixed with porous, spherical-HAp particles (HApS), crystalline HAp (HAp200) or one of two types of cellulose. The micro-compressive strengths of the additive particles were measured, and various specimens were evaluated with regard to their compressive strengths (CS), fluoride release concentrations (fluoride electrode) and multi-element release concentrations. The AIC was found to release higher concentrations of fluoride (1.2 times) and strontium ions (1.5 times) compared to the control GIC. It was detected the more release of calcium originated from HApS than HAp200 in AIC. The CS of the AIC incorporating an optimum level of HAp was also significantly higher than that of the GIC. These results suggest that adding HAp can increase the release concentration of ions required for remineralization while maintaining the CS of the GIC. This effect does not result from a physical phenomenon, but rather from chemical reactions between the HAp and polyacrylic acid of GIC.
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42
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Li K, Yang H, Yan H, Sun Y, Chen X, Guo J, Yue J, Huang C. Quercetin as a simple but versatile primer in dentin bonding. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra07467k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A quercetin/ethanol solution may serve as a simple but versatile primer to obtain desirable bonding stability and prevent secondary caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST)
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Ministry of Education
- School & Hospital of Stomatology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
| | - Hongye Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST)
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Ministry of Education
- School & Hospital of Stomatology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
| | - Huiyi Yan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST)
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Ministry of Education
- School & Hospital of Stomatology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
| | - Yuhong Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST)
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Ministry of Education
- School & Hospital of Stomatology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- School of Dentistry
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | - Jingmei Guo
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST)
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Ministry of Education
- School & Hospital of Stomatology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
| | - Jiaxi Yue
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST)
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Ministry of Education
- School & Hospital of Stomatology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
| | - Cui Huang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST)
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Ministry of Education
- School & Hospital of Stomatology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
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Moreno-Vásquez MJ, Valenzuela-Buitimea EL, Plascencia-Jatomea M, Encinas-Encinas JC, Rodríguez-Félix F, Sánchez-Valdes S, Rosas-Burgos EC, Ocaño-Higuera VM, Graciano-Verdugo AZ. Functionalization of chitosan by a free radical reaction: Characterization, antioxidant and antibacterial potential. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 155:117-127. [PMID: 27702495 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan was functionalized with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) by a free radical-induced grafting procedure, which was carried out by a redox pair (ascorbic acid/hydrogen peroxide) as the radical initiator. The successful preparation of EGCG grafted-chitosan was verified by spectroscopic (UV, FTIR and XPS) and thermal (DSC and TGA) analyses. The degree of grafting of phenolic compounds onto the chitosan was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu procedure. Additionally, the biological activities (antioxidant and antibacterial) of pure EGCG, blank chitosan and EGCG grafted-chitosan were evaluated. The spectroscopic and thermal results indicate chitosan functionalization with EGCG; the EGCG content was 25.8mg/g of EGCG grafted-chitosan. The antibacterial activity of the EGCG grafted-chitosan was increased compared to pure EGCG or blank chitosan against S. aureus and Pseudomonas sp. (p<0.05). Additionally, EGCG grafted-chitosan showed higher antioxidant activity than blank chitosan. These results indicate that EGCG grafted-chitosan might be useful in active food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús Moreno-Vásquez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, México; Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - Emma Lucía Valenzuela-Buitimea
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, México; Departamento de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - Maribel Plascencia-Jatomea
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | | | - Francisco Rodríguez-Félix
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | | | - Ema Carina Rosas-Burgos
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, México
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Wang SP, Ge Y, Zhou XD, Xu HHK, Weir MD, Zhang KK, Wang HH, Hannig M, Rupf S, Li Q, Cheng L. Effect of anti-biofilm glass-ionomer cement on Streptococcus mutans biofilms. Int J Oral Sci 2016; 8:76-83. [PMID: 27357319 PMCID: PMC4932770 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2015.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental restorative materials with antimicrobial properties can inhibit bacterial colonization, which may result in a reduction of caries at tooth-filling interaction zones. This study aimed to develop antibacterial glass-ionomer cements (GIC) containing a quaternary ammonium monomer (dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate, DMADDM), and to investigate their effect on material performance and antibacterial properties. Different mass fractions (0, 1.1% and 2.2%) of DMADDM were incorporated into the GIC. The flexure strength, surface charge density, surface roughness and fluoride release were tested. A Streptococcus mutans biofilm model was used. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) staining was used to analyze the inhibitory effect of DMADDM on the biofilm matrix. In addition, biofilm metabolic activity, lactic acid metabolism and the expression of glucosyltransferase genes gtfB, gtfC and gtfD were measured. GIC containing 1.1% and 2.2% DMADDM had flexural strengths matching those of the commercial control (P>0.1). DMADDM was able to increase the surface charge density but reduced surface roughness (P<0.05). The incorporation of 1.1% and 2.2% DMADDM elevated the release of fluoride by the GIC in the first 2 days (P<0.05). The novel DMADDM-modified GIC significantly reduced biofilm metabolic activity (P<0.05) and decreased lactic acid production (P<0.05). The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results showed that the expression of gtfB, gtfC and gtfD decreased when mass fractions of DMADDM increased (P<0.05). EPS staining showed that both the bacteria and EPS in biofilm decreased in the DMADDM groups. The incorporation of DMADDM could modify the properties of GIC to influence the development of S. mutans biofilms. In this study, we investigated the interface properties of antibacterial materials for the first time. GIC containing DMADDM can improve material performance and antibacterial properties and may contribute to the better management of secondary caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue-Dong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hockin HK Xu
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, USA
| | - Michael D Weir
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, USA
| | - Ke-Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao-Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Stefan Rupf
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Qian Li
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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do Amaral GS, Negrini T, Maltz M, Arthur RA. Restorative materials containing antimicrobial agents: is there evidence for their antimicrobial and anticaries effects? A systematic review. Aust Dent J 2016; 61:6-15. [PMID: 26018839 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this systematic literature review was to investigate whether the incorporation of antimicrobial agents into dental restorative materials truly exerts an antimicrobial effect against common cariogenic bacteria (primary outcome), and whether the inclusion of antimicrobial agents is able to prevent caries around restorations (secondary outcome). MEDLINE, via PubMed, was searched for papers published between 1980 and 30 November 2014. A total of 1126 articles were retrieved. After inclusion/exclusion assessment, 147 full text articles were read and included in the review, comprising 130 in vitro, 1 in situ, and 4 in vivo studies, as well as 12 literature reviews. In about 78% of in vitro studies, and in all identified in situ and in vivo studies, a positive antimicrobial effect had been found. However, the anticaries effect had not been tested in any of the selected studies. It was concluded that there is indeed evidence that restorative dental materials containing antimicrobial agents exert an antimicrobial effect, both in laboratory and in clinical studies. However, no evidence has been found regarding the role of these agents in preventing or controlling dental caries, or in preventing caries around restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S do Amaral
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - T Negrini
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - M Maltz
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - R A Arthur
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Effect of sterilization techniques prior to antimicrobial testing on physical properties of dental restorative materials. J Dent 2015; 43:703-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Farrugia C, Camilleri J. Antimicrobial properties of conventional restorative filling materials and advances in antimicrobial properties of composite resins and glass ionomer cements—A literature review. Dent Mater 2015; 31:e89-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Zhao W, Xie Q, Bedran-Russo AK, Pan S, Ling J, Wu CD. The preventive effect of grape seed extract on artificial enamel caries progression in a microbial biofilm-induced caries model. J Dent 2014; 42:1010-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Wang Z, Shen Y, Haapasalo M. Dental materials with antibiofilm properties. Dent Mater 2014; 30:e1-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Mayanagi G, Igarashi K, Washio J, Domon-Tawaraya H, Takahashi N. Effect of fluoride-releasing restorative materials on bacteria-induced pH fall at the bacteria-material interface: an in vitro model study. J Dent 2013; 42:15-20. [PMID: 24246685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Inhibition of bacterial acid production by dental restorative materials is one of the strategies for secondary caries prevention. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of fluoride-releasing restorative materials on bacteria-induced pH fall at the bacteria-material interface. METHODS Four fluoride-releasing restorative materials, glass-ionomer cement (GIC), resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (RMGIC), resin composite (RC) and flowable resin composite (FRC) were used. Each specimen was immersed in potassium phosphate buffer at pH 7.0 for 10min and 4 weeks, and in potassium acetate buffer at pH 5.5 for 4 weeks. An experimental apparatus was made of polymethyl methacrylate and had a well with restorative materials or polymethyl methacrylate (control) at the bottom. The well was packed with cells of Streptococcus mutans, and the pH at the interface between cells and materials was monitored using a miniature pH electrode after the addition of 1% glucose for 90min, and the fluoride released into the well was quantified using a fluoride ion electrode. RESULTS The pH of GIC (4.98-5.18), RMGIC (4.77-4.99), RC (4.62-4.75) and FRC (4.54-4.84) at 90min were higher than that of control (4.31-4.49). The fluoride amounts released from GIC were the highest, followed by RMGIC, RC and FRC, irrespective of immersion conditions. Saliva coating on materials had no significant effect. CONCLUSIONS The fluoride-releasing restorative materials inhibited pH fall at the bacteria-material interface. The degree of inhibition of pH fall seemed to correspond to the amount of fluoride detected, suggesting that the inhibition was due to the fluoride released from these materials. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE A little amount of fluoride actually released from the fluoride-releasing materials may have caries preventive potential for oral bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Mayanagi
- Division of Oral Ecology and Biochemistry, Department of Oral Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan; Research Unit for Interface Oral Health Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Koei Igarashi
- Division of Oral Ecology and Biochemistry, Department of Oral Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Jumpei Washio
- Division of Oral Ecology and Biochemistry, Department of Oral Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hitomi Domon-Tawaraya
- Division of Oral Ecology and Biochemistry, Department of Oral Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan; Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Takahashi
- Division of Oral Ecology and Biochemistry, Department of Oral Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan.
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