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Stanescu AMA, Bejan GC, Balta MD, Andronic O, Toma C, Busnatu S. The Perspective of Cannabidiol in Psoriasis Therapy. PSORIASIS (AUCKLAND, N.Z.) 2024; 14:51-61. [PMID: 38911997 PMCID: PMC11193997 DOI: 10.2147/ptt.s469698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic skin condition that can significantly impact the quality of life of those affected. As an autoimmune disease, it can lead to itchy, painful, and scaly patches on the skin. Although various treatments, including topical creams, phototherapy, and systemic medications, are currently available, they may not always offer effective relief and can have side effects. Researchers have thus been exploring the potential benefits of non-psychoactive compounds such as CBD, found in Cannabis sativa plants, for treating psoriasis. CBD treatment may reduce inflammation, oxidative stress, itching, abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes, and may increase hydration. This review aims to provide an overview of the existing literature on the potential uses of CBD for psoriasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Alexandra Stanescu
- Department 5, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists (AOSR), Bucharest, Romania
- Emil Palade” Center of Excellence for Young Researchers EP-CEYR The Academy of Romanian Scientists AOSR, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Mihaela Daniela Balta
- Department 5, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Octavian Andronic
- Department 10, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Toma
- Department 3, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- “Prof.Dr. Theodor Burghele” Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Stefan Busnatu
- Department 4, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Bagdasar Arseni Clin Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
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2
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Sobieraj J, Strzelecka K, Sobczak M, Oledzka E. How Biodegradable Polymers Can be Effective Drug Delivery Systems for Cannabinoids? Prospectives and Challenges. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:4607-4649. [PMID: 38799700 PMCID: PMC11128233 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s458907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids are compounds found in and derived from the Cannabis plants that have become increasingly recognised as significant modulating factors of physiological mechanisms and inflammatory reactions of the organism, thus inevitably affecting maintenance of homeostasis. Medical Cannabis popularity has surged since its legal regulation growing around the world. Numerous promising discoveries bring more data on cannabinoids' pharmacological characteristics and therapeutic applications. Given the current surge in interest in the medical use of cannabinoids, there is an urgent need for an effective method of their administration. Surpassing low bioavailability, low water solubility, and instability became an important milestone in the advancement of cannabinoids in pharmaceutical applications. The numerous uses of cannabinoids in clinical practice remain restricted by limited administration alternatives, but there is hope when biodegradable polymers are taken into account. The primary objective of this review is to highlight the wide range of indications for which cannabinoids may be used, as well as the polymeric carriers that enhance their effectiveness. The current review described a wide range of therapeutic applications of cannabinoids, including pain management, neurological and sleep disorders, anxiety, and cancer treatment. The use of these compounds was further examined in the area of dermatology and cosmetology. Finally, with the use of biodegradable polymer-based drug delivery systems (DDSs), it was demonstrated that cannabinoids can be delivered specifically to the intended site while also improving the drug's physicochemical properties, emphasizing their utility. Nevertheless, additional clinical trials on novel cannabinoids' formulations are required, as their full spectrum therapeutical potential is yet to be unravelled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Sobieraj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02-097, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Strzelecka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02-097, Poland
| | - Marcin Sobczak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02-097, Poland
| | - Ewa Oledzka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02-097, Poland
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3
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Kuzumi A, Yamashita T, Fukasawa T, Yoshizaki-Ogawa A, Sato S, Yoshizaki A. Cannabinoids for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory skin diseases: A systematic review. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e15064. [PMID: 38532572 DOI: 10.1111/exd.15064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the medical use of cannabinoids has attracted growing attention worldwide. In particular, anti-inflammatory properties of cannabinoids led to their emergence as potential therapeutic options for autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. Recent studies have also shown that cannabinoid receptors are widely expressed and have endogenous ligands in the skin, suggesting that the skin has its own endocannabinoid system. The aim of this review is to discuss the potential therapeutic effects of cannabinoids in autoimmune and inflammatory skin diseases. Following an overview of cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system, we describe the cellular and molecular mechanisms of cannabinoids in skin health and disease. We then review the clinical studies of cannabinoids in autoimmune and inflammatory skin diseases including systemic sclerosis (SSc), dermatomyositis (DM), psoriasis (Pso) and atopic dermatitis (AD). A primary literature search was conducted in July 2023, using PubMed and Web of Science. A total of 15 articles were included after excluding reviews, non-human studies and in vitro studies from 389 non-duplicated articles. Available evidence suggests that cannabinoids may be beneficial for SSc, DM, Pso and AD. However, further studies, ideally randomized controlled trials, are needed to further evaluate the use of cannabinoids in autoimmune and inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Kuzumi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamashita
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takemichi Fukasawa
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Cannabinoid Research, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asako Yoshizaki-Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sato
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumi Yoshizaki
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Cannabinoid Research, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Pagano S, Valenti C, Negri P, Billi M, Di Michele A, Bruscoli S, Febo M, Coniglio M, Marinucci L. Acute and chronic cannabidiol treatment: In vitro toxicological aspects on human oral cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 185:114513. [PMID: 38342230 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Cannabidiol is gaining increasing interest for its potential anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antineoplastic effects. The purpose of this study is to investigate the biological effects of acute and chronic CBD administration on gingival fibroblasts and oral keratinocytes. Viability, morphology, migration, apoptosis and cell cycle, and expression of related genes (p53, BCL2, p21, and BAX) and of endocannabinoid system receptors (CB1, CB2 and GPR55) with real-time PCR and DNA damage with phospho-γ-H2AX immunofluorescence detection were analyzed. Concentrations between 100 μM and 0.001 μM were used: 50 μM (toxic dose), 25 μM (viability promoter), and 1 μM (nontoxic), were selected for subsequent chronic analysis. Acute treatment reveals significant effects than chronic, in particular in fibroblasts: concentrations ≥50 μM are highly cytotoxic, with increased apoptosis and reduced migration. Cell death correlates with increased p53 and BAX, followed by arrest in G0/G1 phase, with elevated p21 levels, suggesting a time- and dose-dependent damage. An increase in H2AX phosphorylation was observed with 25 μM and 50 μM, while 1 μM was biocompatible. Keratinocytes showed less cytotoxic effect than fibroblasts. Induced cell damage was dose- and time-related, with less damage after chronic treatment. Further investigations are needed with longer time frames to evaluate CBD dose- and time-dependent effects to identify an effective therapeutic dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Pagano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Chiara Valenti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy; CISAS "Giuseppe Colombo", University of Padua, Via Venezia, 15, 35131, Padua, Italy.
| | - Paolo Negri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Monia Billi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of General Pathology, University of Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Di Michele
- Department of Physics and Geology, University of Perugia, Via Pascoli, 06123, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Stefano Bruscoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Marta Febo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Maddalena Coniglio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Lorella Marinucci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Biosciences and Medical Embryology, University of Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy.
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Delafiori J, Siciliano RF, de Oliveira AN, Nicolau JC, Sales GM, Dalçóquio TF, Busanello ENB, Eguti A, de Oliveira DN, Bertolin AJ, Dos Santos LA, Salsoso R, Marcondes-Braga FG, Durán N, Júnior MWP, Sabino EC, Reis LO, Fávaro WJ, Catharino RR. Comparing plasma and skin imprint metabolic profiles in COVID-19 diagnosis and severity assessment. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:183-195. [PMID: 38010437 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02396-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
As SARS-CoV-2 continues to produce new variants, the demand for diagnostics and a better understanding of COVID-19 remain key topics in healthcare. Skin manifestations have been widely reported in cases of COVID-19, but the mechanisms and markers of these symptoms are poorly described. In this cross-sectional study, 101 patients (64 COVID-19 positive patients and 37 controls) were enrolled between April and June 2020, during the first wave of COVID-19, in São Paulo, Brazil. Enrolled patients had skin imprints sampled non-invasively using silica plates; plasma samples were also collected. Samples were used for untargeted lipidomics/metabolomics through high-resolution mass spectrometry. We identified 558 molecular ions, with lipids comprising most of them. We found 245 plasma ions that were significant for COVID-19 diagnosis, compared to 61 from the skin imprints. Plasma samples outperformed skin imprints in distinguishing patients with COVID-19 from controls, with F1-scores of 91.9% and 84.3%, respectively. Skin imprints were excellent for assessing disease severity, exhibiting an F1-score of 93.5% when discriminating between patient hospitalization and home care statuses. Specifically, oleamide and linoleamide were the most discriminative biomarkers for identifying hospitalized patients through skin imprinting, and palmitic amides and N-acylethanolamine 18:0 were also identified as significant biomarkers. These observations underscore the importance of primary fatty acid amides and N-acylethanolamines in immunomodulatory processes and metabolic disorders. These findings confirm the potential utility of skin imprinting as a valuable non-invasive sampling method for COVID-19 screening; a method that may also be applied in the evaluation of other medical conditions. KEY MESSAGES: Skin imprints complement plasma in disease metabolomics. The annotated markers have a role in immunomodulation and metabolic diseases. Skin imprints outperformed plasma samples at assessing disease severity. Skin imprints have potential as non-invasive sampling strategy for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeany Delafiori
- Innovare Biomarkers Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil - Rua Cinco de Junho, 350 - 13083-970 - Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rinaldo Focaccia Siciliano
- Clinical Division of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil - Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - 01246-903 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil - Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44 - 05403-900 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Arthur Noin de Oliveira
- Innovare Biomarkers Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil - Rua Cinco de Junho, 350 - 13083-970 - Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Nicolau
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil - Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44 - 05403-900 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Geovana Manzan Sales
- Innovare Biomarkers Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil - Rua Cinco de Junho, 350 - 13083-970 - Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Talia Falcão Dalçóquio
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil - Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44 - 05403-900 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Estela Natacha Brandt Busanello
- Innovare Biomarkers Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil - Rua Cinco de Junho, 350 - 13083-970 - Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Eguti
- Sumaré State Hospital, Sumaré, Brazil - Av. da Amizade, 2400 - 13175-490 - Jardim Bela Vista, Sumaré, SP, Brazil
| | - Diogo Noin de Oliveira
- Innovare Biomarkers Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil - Rua Cinco de Junho, 350 - 13083-970 - Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriadne Justi Bertolin
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil - Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44 - 05403-900 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Augusto Dos Santos
- Paulínia Municipal Hospital, Paulínia, Brazil - Rua Miguel Vicente Cury, 100 - 13140-000 - Nova Paulínia, Paulínia, SP, Brazil
| | - Rocío Salsoso
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil - Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44 - 05403-900 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiana G Marcondes-Braga
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil - Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44 - 05403-900 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nelson Durán
- Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil - Av. Bertrand Russel, s/n - 13083-865 - Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campina, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ester Cerdeira Sabino
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil - Avenida Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 470 - 05403-000 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Oliveira Reis
- UroScience Laboratory, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil - Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126 - 13083-887 - Cidade, Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Center for Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, PUC-Campinas, Brazil - Av. John Boyd Dunlop, s/n - 13060-904 - Jd. Ipaussurama, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Wagner José Fávaro
- Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil - Av. Bertrand Russel, s/n - 13083-865 - Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campina, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Ramos Catharino
- Innovare Biomarkers Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil - Rua Cinco de Junho, 350 - 13083-970 - Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Gabarin A, Yarmolinsky L, Budovsky A, Khalfin B, Ben-Shabat S. Cannabis as a Source of Approved Drugs: A New Look at an Old Problem. Molecules 2023; 28:7686. [PMID: 38067416 PMCID: PMC10707504 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabis plants have been used in medicine since ancient times. They are well known for their anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-cancer, anti-oxidative, anti-microbial, anti-viral, and anti-fungal activities. A growing body of evidence indicates that targeting the endocannabinoid system and various other receptors with cannabinoid compounds holds great promise for addressing multiple medical conditions. There are two distinct avenues in the development of cannabinoid-based drugs. The first involves creating treatments directly based on the components of the cannabis plant. The second involves a singular molecule strategy, in which specific phytocannabinoids or newly discovered cannabinoids with therapeutic promise are pinpointed and synthesized for future pharmaceutical development and validation. Although the therapeutic potential of cannabis is enormous, few cannabis-related approved drugs exist, and this avenue warrants further investigation. With this in mind, we review here the medicinal properties of cannabis, its phytochemicals, approved drugs of natural and synthetic origin, pitfalls on the way to the widespread clinical use of cannabis, and additional applications of cannabis-related products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Gabarin
- The Department of Clinical Biochemistry & Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel; (A.G.); (L.Y.); (B.K.)
| | - Ludmila Yarmolinsky
- The Department of Clinical Biochemistry & Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel; (A.G.); (L.Y.); (B.K.)
| | - Arie Budovsky
- Research and Development Authority, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon 7830604, Israel;
| | - Boris Khalfin
- The Department of Clinical Biochemistry & Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel; (A.G.); (L.Y.); (B.K.)
| | - Shimon Ben-Shabat
- The Department of Clinical Biochemistry & Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel; (A.G.); (L.Y.); (B.K.)
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Yoo EH, Lee JH. Cannabinoids and Their Receptors in Skin Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16523. [PMID: 38003712 PMCID: PMC10672037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic application of cannabinoids has gained traction in recent years. Cannabinoids interact with the human endocannabinoid system in the skin. A large body of research indicates that cannabinoids could hold promise for the treatment of eczema, psoriasis, acne, pruritus, hair disorders, and skin cancer. However, most of the available data are at the preclinical stage. Comprehensive, large-scale, randomized, controlled clinical trials have not yet been fully conducted. In this article, we describe new findings in cannabinoid research and point out promising future research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea;
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Nogueira Barradas T, Araujo Cardoso S, de Castro Grimaldi P, Lohan-Codeço M, Escorsim Machado D, Medina de Mattos R, Eurico Nasciutti L, Palumbo A. Development, characterization and evidence of anti-endometriotic activity of Phytocannabinoid-Rich nanoemulsions. Int J Pharm 2023; 643:123049. [PMID: 37196880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
During the last decades, the cannabinoid research for therapeutic purposes has been rapidly advancing, with an ever-growing body of evidence of beneficial effects for a wide sort of conditions, including those related to mucosal and epithelial homeostasis, inflammatory processes, immune responses, nociception, and modulating cell differentiation. β-caryophyllene (BCP) is a lipophilic volatile sesquiterpene, known as non-cannabis-derived phytocannabinoid, with documented anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and analgesic effects in both in vitro and in vivo models. Copaiba oil (COPA) is an oil-resin, mainly composed of BCP and other lipophilic and volatile components. COPA is reported to show several therapeutic effects, including anti-endometriotic properties and its use is widespread throughout the Amazonian folk medicine. COPA was nanoencapsulated into nanoemulsions (NE), then evaluated regarding the potential for transvaginal drug delivery and providing endometrial stromal cell proliferation in vitro. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that spherical NE were obtained with COPA concentration that varied from 5 to 7 wt%, while surfactant was maintained at 7.75 wt%. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements showed droplet sizes of 30.03 ± 1.18, 35.47 ± 2.02, 43.98 ± 4.23 and PdI of 0.189, 0.175 and 0.182, respectively, with stability against coalescence and Ostwald ripening during 90 days. Physicochemical characterization results suggest that NE were able to both improve solubility and loading capacity, and increase thermal stability of COPA volatile components. Moreover, they showed slow and sustained release for up to eight hours, following the Higuchi kinetic model. Endometrial stromal cells from non-endometriotic lesions and ectopic endometrium were treated with different concentrations of COPA-loaded NE for 48 h to evaluate its effect on cell viability and morphology. The results suggested significant decrease in cell viability and morphological modifications in concentrations higher than 150 μg/ml of COPA-loaded NE, but not when cells were treated with the vehicle (without COPA). Given the relevance of Copaifera spp. species in folk medicine and their bio economical importance in the Amazon, the development of novel formulations to overcome the technological limitations related to BCP and COPA, is promising. Our results showed that COPA-loaded NE can lead to a novel, uterus-targeting, more effective and promising natural alternative treatment of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Nogueira Barradas
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), R. José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n, Juiz de Fora, Zip Code: 36036-900, Brazil.
| | - Stephani Araujo Cardoso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Polímeros, Instituto de Macromoléculas. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro Zip Code: 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Paloma de Castro Grimaldi
- Instituto Federal do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Rua Senador Furtado, n° 121/125, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro Zip Code: 20260-100, Brazil
| | - Matheus Lohan-Codeço
- Laboratório de Interações Celulares, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Programa de Pesquisa em Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rua César Pernetta, 1766 (LS.3.01), Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro Zip Code: 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Daniel Escorsim Machado
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Ciências Farmacêuticas (LAPESF), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Romulo Medina de Mattos
- Laboratório de Interações Celulares, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Programa de Pesquisa em Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rua César Pernetta, 1766 (LS.3.01), Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro Zip Code: 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eurico Nasciutti
- Laboratório de Interações Celulares, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Programa de Pesquisa em Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rua César Pernetta, 1766 (LS.3.01), Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro Zip Code: 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Antonio Palumbo
- Laboratório de Interações Celulares, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Programa de Pesquisa em Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rua César Pernetta, 1766 (LS.3.01), Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro Zip Code: 21941-902, Brazil
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9
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Filipiuc SI, Neagu AN, Uritu CM, Tamba BI, Filipiuc LE, Tudorancea IM, Boca AN, Hâncu MF, Porumb V, Bild W. The Skin and Natural Cannabinoids-Topical and Transdermal Applications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1049. [PMID: 37513960 PMCID: PMC10386449 DOI: 10.3390/ph16071049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical constituents of the Cannabis plant known as cannabinoids have been extensively researched for their potential therapeutic benefits. The use of cannabinoids applied to the skin as a potential method for both skin-related benefits and systemic administration has attracted increasing interest in recent years. This review aims to present an overview of the most recent scientific research on cannabinoids used topically, including their potential advantages for treating a number of skin conditions like psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and acne. Additionally, with a focus on the pharmacokinetics and security of this route of administration, we investigate the potential of the transdermal delivery of cannabinoids as a method of systemic administration. The review also discusses the restrictions and difficulties related to the application of cannabinoids on the skin, emphasizing the potential of topical cannabinoids as a promising route for both localized and systemic administration. More studies are required to fully comprehend the efficacy and safety of cannabinoids in various settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silviu-Iulian Filipiuc
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Street, 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Physiology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Anca-Narcisa Neagu
- Laboratory of Animal Histology, Faculty of Biology, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iasi, Carol I bvd, No. 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristina Mariana Uritu
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Street, 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Bogdan-Ionel Tamba
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Street, 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Algesiology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Street, 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Leontina-Elena Filipiuc
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Street, 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Algesiology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Street, 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ivona Maria Tudorancea
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Street, 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Algesiology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Street, 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Andreea Nicoleta Boca
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Vlad Porumb
- Department Surgery, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Street, 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Walther Bild
- Department of Physiology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Center of Biomedical Research of the Romanian Academy, 700506 Iasi, Romania
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Gatmaitan JG, Lee JH. Challenges and Future Trends in Atopic Dermatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11380. [PMID: 37511138 PMCID: PMC10380015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis represents a complex and multidimensional interaction that represents potential fields of preventive and therapeutic management. In addition to the treatment armamentarium available for atopic dermatitis, novel drugs targeting significant molecular pathways in atopic dermatitis biologics and small molecules are also being developed given the condition's complex pathophysiology. While most of the patients are expecting better efficacy and long-term control, the response to these drugs would still depend on numerous factors such as complex genotype, diverse environmental triggers and microbiome-derived signals, and, most importantly, dynamic immune responses. This review article highlights the challenges and the recently developed pharmacological agents in atopic dermatitis based on the molecular pathogenesis of this condition, creating a specific therapeutic approach toward a more personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Garcia Gatmaitan
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Gatmaitan Medical and Skin Center, Baliuag 3006, Bulacan, Philippines
- Skines Aesthetic and Laser Center, Quezon City 1104, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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11
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Osorio-Perez RM, Rodríguez-Manzo G, Espinosa-Riquer ZP, Cruz SL, González-Espinosa C. Endocannabinoid modulation of allergic responses: Focus on the control of FcεRI-mediated mast cell activation. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151324. [PMID: 37236045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic reactions are highly prevalent pathologies initiated by the production of IgE antibodies against harmless antigens (allergens) and the activation of the high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) expressed in the surface of basophils and mast cells (MCs). Research on the mechanisms of negative control of those exacerbated inflammatory reactions has been intense in recent years. Endocannabinoids (eCBs) show important regulatory effects on MC-mediated immune responses, mainly inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. However, the description of the molecular mechanisms involved in eCB control of MC activation is far from complete. In this review, we aim to summarize the available information regarding the role of eCBs in the modulation of FcεRI-dependent activation of that cell type, emphasizing the description of the eCB system and the existence of some of its elements in MCs. Unique characteristics of the eCB system and cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) localization and signaling in MCs are mentioned. The described and putative points of cross-talk between CBRs and FcεRI signaling cascades are also presented. Finally, we discuss some important considerations in the study of the effects of eCBs in MCs and the perspectives in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubi Monserrat Osorio-Perez
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Sede Sur, Calzada de los Tenorios No. 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, Tlalpan, CP 14330 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Rodríguez-Manzo
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Sede Sur, Calzada de los Tenorios No. 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, Tlalpan, CP 14330 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Zyanya P Espinosa-Riquer
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Sede Sur, Calzada de los Tenorios No. 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, Tlalpan, CP 14330 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Silvia L Cruz
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Sede Sur, Calzada de los Tenorios No. 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, Tlalpan, CP 14330 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia González-Espinosa
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Sede Sur, Calzada de los Tenorios No. 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, Tlalpan, CP 14330 Mexico City, Mexico.
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12
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Microglial Cannabinoid CB 2 Receptors in Pain Modulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032348. [PMID: 36768668 PMCID: PMC9917135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain, especially chronic pain, can strongly affect patients' quality of life. Cannabinoids ponhave been reported to produce potent analgesic effects in different preclinical pain models, where they primarily function as agonists of Gi/o protein-coupled cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors. The CB1 receptors are abundantly expressed in both the peripheral and central nervous systems. The central activation of CB1 receptors is strongly associated with psychotropic adverse effects, thus largely limiting its therapeutic potential. However, the CB2 receptors are promising targets for pain treatment without psychotropic adverse effects, as they are primarily expressed in immune cells. Additionally, as the resident immune cells in the central nervous system, microglia are increasingly recognized as critical players in chronic pain. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the expression of CB2 receptors is significantly increased in activated microglia in the spinal cord, which exerts protective consequences within the surrounding neural circuitry by regulating the activity and function of microglia. In this review, we focused on recent advances in understanding the role of microglial CB2 receptors in spinal nociceptive circuitry, highlighting the mechanism of CB2 receptors in modulating microglia function and its implications for CB2 receptor- selective agonist-mediated analgesia.
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13
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Di H, Liu H, Xu S, Yi N, Wei G. Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation to Explore the Molecular Mechanisms of Compound Huangbai Liquid for the Treatment of Acne. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:39-53. [PMID: 36660250 PMCID: PMC9843476 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s385208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acne is a highly prevalent skin disease, and inflammation plays an important role. Compound Huangbai Liquid (CHL) is a classical traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with remarkable clinical therapeutic effects on acne. However, a holistic network pharmacological approach to explain the mechanism of CHL in the treatment of acne has not been explored. Methods In this study, active components and action targets of Compound Huangbai Liquid were assessed via BATMAN-TCM. The target genes related to acne were extracted from GeneCards, DisGeNet and OMIM databases. Venn diagrams to predict potential targets for the treatment of acne. Protein-Protein interaction (PPI) analysis was proceeded through String database to obtain the core protein, and the protein interaction network was constructed by Cytoscape 3.9.1. Gene Ontology (Go) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed on Metascape platforms and bioinformatics.com.cn. TCM-compound-target-disease network and disease-target pathway network were constructed using Cytoscape to give the visual result. Finally, the results were further verified by establishing the mouse acne animal model. Results This approach identified 165 active compounds, 1117 gene targets, 156 acne-related targets, and 34 potential target proteins for the treatment of acne with CHL. The biological processes were primarily related to cellular response to lipid, response to lipopolysaccharide, and regulation of secretion. The CHL was significantly associated with ten pathways including the Chagas disease and pathways in cancer. Animal experiments showed that CHL could significantly alleviate the levels of inflammatory factors and TLR4/NF-κB/p38 MAPK signaling pathway in acne. Conclusion This study revealed the multiple active components, multiple targets, and multiple pathways of CHL in the treatment of acne, which provided a new perspective for the study of the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Di
- Jinan City People’s Hospital, Jinan, 271100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- Jinan City People’s Hospital, Jinan, 271100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuna Xu
- Jinan City People’s Hospital, Jinan, 271100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Yi
- Jinan City People’s Hospital, Jinan, 271100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangchen Wei
- Jinan City People’s Hospital, Jinan, 271100, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Guangchen Wei, Department of Pharmacy, Jinan City People’s Hospital, 001 Xuehu Street, Jinan, 271100, People’s Republic of China, Email
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14
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Aryannejad A, Eslami F, Shayan M, Noroozi N, Hedayatyanfard K, Tavangar SM, Jafari RM, Dehpour AR. Cannabidiol Improves Random-Pattern Skin Flap Survival in Rats: Involvement of Cannabinoid Type-2 Receptors. J Reconstr Microsurg 2023; 39:48-58. [PMID: 35817049 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1749338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the major complications associated with random-pattern skin flaps is distal necrosis. Cannabidiol (CBD) has recently gained much attention as a therapeutic anti-inflammatory agent. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of CBD on the random-pattern skin flap survival (SFS) in rats and to explore the possible involvement of cannabinoid type-2 (CB2) receptors. METHODS In this controlled experimental study, we randomly divided male Wistar rats into seven study groups (six rats each). We performed a random-pattern skin flap model in each rat following pretreatment with vehicle (control) or multiple doses of CBD (0.3, 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg). In a separate group, we injected SR144528 (2 mg/kg), a high affinity and selective CB2 inverse agonist, before the most effective dose of CBD (1 mg/kg). A sham nontreated and nonoperated group was also included. Seven days after surgeries, the percentage of necrotic area (PNA) was calculated. Histopathological microscopy, CB2 expression level, and interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α concentrations were also investigated in the flap tissue samples. RESULTS A PNA of 72.7 ± 7.5 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 64.8-80.6) was captured in the control group. Following treatment with CBD 0.3, 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg, a dose-dependent effect was observed with PNAs of 51.0 ± 10.0 (95% CI: 40.5-61.5; p <0.05), 15.4 ± 5.8 (95% CI: 9.3-21.5; p <0.001), 37.1 ± 10.2 (95% CI: 26.3-47.8; p <0.001), and 46.4 ± 14.0 (95% CI: 31.7-61.1; p <0.001), respectively. Histopathologically, tissues enhanced significantly. Besides, CB2 expression surged remarkably, IL-1β and TNF-α concentrations decreased considerably after treatment with CBD of 1 mg/kg compared with the control (p <0.05 and <0.001, respectively). Administering SR144528 reversed the favorable effects of CBD of 1 mg/kg, both macroscopically and microscopically. CONCLUSION Pretreatment with CBD of 1 mg/kg improved SFS considerably in rats and exerted desirable anti-inflammatory effects which were possibly mediated by CB2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Aryannejad
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Eslami
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Shayan
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nafise Noroozi
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keshvad Hedayatyanfard
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Tavangar
- Department of Pathology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Mohammad Jafari
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Wiese BM, Alvarez Reyes A, Vanderah TW, Largent-Milnes TM. The endocannabinoid system and breathing. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1126004. [PMID: 37144090 PMCID: PMC10153446 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1126004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent changes in cannabis accessibility have provided adjunct therapies for patients across numerous disease states and highlights the urgency in understanding how cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid (EC) system interact with other physiological structures. The EC system plays a critical and modulatory role in respiratory homeostasis and pulmonary functionality. Respiratory control begins in the brainstem without peripheral input, and coordinates the preBötzinger complex, a component of the ventral respiratory group that interacts with the dorsal respiratory group to synchronize burstlet activity and drive inspiration. An additional rhythm generator: the retrotrapezoid nucleus/parafacial respiratory group drives active expiration during conditions of exercise or high CO2. Combined with the feedback information from the periphery: through chemo- and baroreceptors including the carotid bodies, the cranial nerves, stretch of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles, lung tissue, and immune cells, and the cranial nerves, our respiratory system can fine tune motor outputs that ensure we have the oxygen necessary to survive and can expel the CO2 waste we produce, and every aspect of this process can be influenced by the EC system. The expansion in cannabis access and potential therapeutic benefits, it is essential that investigations continue to uncover the underpinnings and mechanistic workings of the EC system. It is imperative to understand the impact cannabis, and exogenous cannabinoids have on these physiological systems, and how some of these compounds can mitigate respiratory depression when combined with opioids or other medicinal therapies. This review highlights the respiratory system from the perspective of central versus peripheral respiratory functionality and how these behaviors can be influenced by the EC system. This review will summarize the literature available on organic and synthetic cannabinoids in breathing and how that has shaped our understanding of the role of the EC system in respiratory homeostasis. Finally, we look at some potential future therapeutic applications the EC system has to offer for the treatment of respiratory diseases and a possible role in expanding the safety profile of opioid therapies while preventing future opioid overdose fatalities that result from respiratory arrest or persistent apnea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth M. Wiese
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Angelica Alvarez Reyes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Todd W. Vanderah
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Tally M. Largent-Milnes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- *Correspondence: Tally M. Largent-Milnes,
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16
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Cannabinoid Compounds as a Pharmacotherapeutic Option for the Treatment of Non-Cancer Skin Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244102. [PMID: 36552866 PMCID: PMC9777118 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system has been shown to be involved in various skin functions, such as melanogenesis and the maintenance of redox balance in skin cells exposed to UV radiation, as well as barrier functions, sebaceous gland activity, wound healing and the skin's immune response. In addition to the potential use of cannabinoids in the treatment and prevention of skin cancer, cannabinoid compounds and derivatives are of interest as potential systemic and topical applications for the treatment of various inflammatory, fibrotic and pruritic skin conditions. In this context, cannabinoid compounds have been successfully tested as a therapeutic option for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia, atopic and seborrhoeic dermatitis, dermatomyositis, asteatotic and atopic eczema, uraemic pruritis, scalp psoriasis, systemic sclerosis and venous leg ulcers. This review provides an insight into the current literature on cannabinoid compounds as potential medicines for the treatment of skin diseases.
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17
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Zouboulis CC, Coenye T, He L, Kabashima K, Kobayashi T, Niemann C, Nomura T, Oláh A, Picardo M, Quist SR, Sasano H, Schneider MR, Törőcsik D, Wong SY. Sebaceous immunobiology - skin homeostasis, pathophysiology, coordination of innate immunity and inflammatory response and disease associations. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1029818. [PMID: 36439142 PMCID: PMC9686445 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1029818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This review presents several aspects of the innovative concept of sebaceous immunobiology, which summarizes the numerous activities of the sebaceous gland including its classical physiological and pathophysiological tasks, namely sebum production and the development of seborrhea and acne. Sebaceous lipids, which represent 90% of the skin surface lipids in adolescents and adults, are markedly involved in the skin barrier function and perifollicular and dermal innate immune processes, leading to inflammatory skin diseases. Innovative experimental techniques using stem cell and sebocyte models have clarified the roles of distinct stem cells in sebaceous gland physiology and sebocyte function control mechanisms. The sebaceous gland represents an integral part of the pilosebaceous unit and its status is connected to hair follicle morphogenesis. Interestingly, professional inflammatory cells contribute to sebocyte differentiation and homeostasis, whereas the regulation of sebaceous gland function by immune cells is antigen-independent. Inflammation is involved in the very earliest differentiation changes of the pilosebaceous unit in acne. Sebocytes behave as potent immune regulators, integrating into the innate immune responses of the skin. Expressing inflammatory mediators, sebocytes also contribute to the polarization of cutaneous T cells towards the Th17 phenotype. In addition, the immune response of the perifollicular infiltrate depends on factors produced by the sebaceous glands, mostly sebaceous lipids. Human sebocytes in vitro express functional pattern recognition receptors, which are likely to interact with bacteria in acne pathogenesis. Sex steroids, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ligands, neuropeptides, endocannabinoids and a selective apoptotic process contribute to a complex regulation of sebocyte-induced immunological reaction in numerous acquired and congenital skin diseases, including hair diseases and atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos C. Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Dessau, Germany
| | - Tom Coenye
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Li He
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Kobayashi
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Catherin Niemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CMMC Research Institute, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Takashi Nomura
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Attila Oláh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mauro Picardo
- San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sven R. Quist
- Department of Dermatology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Marlon R. Schneider
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Törőcsik
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen and ELKH-DE Allergology Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sunny Y. Wong
- Departments of Dermatology and Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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18
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Anand U, Pacchetti B, Anand P, Sodergren MH. The Endocannabinoid Analgesic Entourage Effect: Investigations in Cultured DRG Neurons. J Pain Res 2022; 15:3493-3507. [PMID: 36394060 PMCID: PMC9642605 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s378876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endocannabinoid 2-Arachidonyl glycerol (2-AG) exerts dose-related anti-nociceptive effects, which are potentiated by the related but inactive 2-palmitoyl glycerol (2-PG) and 2-linoleoyl glycerol (2-LG). This potentiation of analgesia and other in vivo measures was described as the "entourage effect". We investigated this effect on TRPV1 signalling in cultured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) nociceptors. METHODS Adult rat DRG neurons were cultured in medium containing NGF and GDNF at 37°C. 48 h later cultures were loaded with 2 µM Fura2AM for calcium imaging, and treated with 2-AG, 2-PG and 2-LG, individually or combined, for 5 min, followed by 1 µMol capsaicin. The amplitude and latency of capsaicin responses were measured (N=3-7 rats, controls N=16), and analysed. RESULTS In controls, 1 µMol capsaicin elicited immediate calcium influx in a subset of neurons, with average latency of 1.27 ± 0.2 s and amplitude of 0.15 ± 0.01 Units. 2-AG (10-100 µMol) elicited calcium influx in some neurons. In the presence of 2-AG (0.001-100 µMol), capsaicin responses were markedly delayed in 64% neurons by up to 320 s (P<0.001). 2-PG increased capsaicin response latency at 0.1 nMol-100 µMol (P<0.001), in 60% neurons, as did 2-LG at 0.1-100 µMol (P<0.001), in 76% neurons. Increased capsaicin response latency due to 2-AG and 2-PG was sensitive to the CB2 but not to the CB1 receptor antagonist. Combined application of 1 µMol 2-AG, 5 µMol 2-PG and 10 µMol 2-LG, also resulted in significantly increased capsaicin response latency up to 281.5 ± 41.5 s (P<0.001), in 96% neurons, that was partially restored by the CB2, but not the CB1 antagonist. CONCLUSION 2-AG, 2-LG and 2-PG significantly delayed TRPV1 signalling in the majority of capsaicin-sensitive DRG neurons, that was markedly increased following combined application. Further studies of these endocannabinoids are required to identify the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Anand
- Medical Cannabis Research Group, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | | | - Praveen Anand
- Professor of Clinical Neurology, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Mikael Hans Sodergren
- Medical Cannabis Research Group, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, W12 0HS, UK
- Curaleaf International Limited, London, EC2A 2EW, UK
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19
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Cherkasova V, Wang B, Gerasymchuk M, Fiselier A, Kovalchuk O, Kovalchuk I. Use of Cannabis and Cannabinoids for Treatment of Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5142. [PMID: 36291926 PMCID: PMC9600568 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is an ancient homeostasis mechanism operating from embryonic stages to adulthood. It controls the growth and development of many cells and cell lineages. Dysregulation of the components of the ECS may result in uncontrolled proliferation, adhesion, invasion, inhibition of apoptosis and increased vascularization, leading to the development of various malignancies. Cancer is the disease of uncontrolled cell division. In this review, we will discuss whether the changes to the ECS are a cause or a consequence of malignization and whether different tissues react differently to changes in the ECS. We will discuss the potential use of cannabinoids for treatment of cancer, focusing on primary outcome/care-tumor shrinkage and eradication, as well as secondary outcome/palliative care-improvement of life quality, including pain, appetite, sleep, and many more factors. Finally, we will complete this review with the chapter on sex- and gender-specific differences in ECS and response to cannabinoids, and equality of the access to treatments with cannabinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriia Cherkasova
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Marta Gerasymchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Anna Fiselier
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Olga Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Igor Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
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Chiocchetti R, Salamanca G, De Silva M, Gobbo F, Aspidi F, Cunha RZ, Galiazzo G, Tagliavia C, Sarli G, Morini M. Cannabinoid receptors in the inflammatory cells of canine atopic dermatitis. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:987132. [PMID: 36187821 PMCID: PMC9521433 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.987132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common cutaneous inflammatory and pruritic diseases in dogs. Considering its multifactorial nature, AD can be a challenging disease to manage, and the therapeutic strategy must often be multimodal. In recent years, research has been moving toward the use of natural products which have beneficial effects on inflammation and itching, and no side effects. Cannabinoid receptors have been demonstrated to be expressed in healthy and diseased skin; therefore, one of the potential alternative therapeutic targets for investigating AD is the endocannabinoid system (ECS).ObjectiveTo immunohistochemically investigate the expression of the cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2R), and the cannabinoid-related receptors G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55), transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) in mast cells (MCs), macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), T cells, and neutrophils of the skin of dogs with AD.AnimalsSamples of skin tissues were collected from eight dogs with AD (AD-dogs).Materials and methodsThe immunofluorescent stained cryosections of the skins of 8 dogs with AD having antibodies against CB2R, GPR55, TRPV1, TRPA1 were semiquantitatively evaluated. The inflammatory cells were identified using antibodies against tryptase (mast cells), ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (IBA1) (macrophages/DCs), CD3 (T cells), and calprotectin (neutrophils). The proportions of MCs, macrophages/DCs, T cells, and neutrophils expressing CB2R, GPR55, TRPV1 and TRPA1 were evaluated.ResultsThe cells of the inflammatory infiltrate showed immunoreactivity (IR) for all or for some of the cannabinoid and cannabinoid-related receptors studied. In particular, MCs and macrophages/DCs showed CB2R-, GPR55-, TRPA1-, and TRPV1-IR; T cells showed CB2R-, GPR55- and TRPA1-IR, and neutrophils expressed GPR55-IR. Co-localization studies indicated that CB2R-IR was co-expressed with TRPV1-, TRPA1-, and GPR55-IR in different cellular elements of the dermis of the AD-dogs.Conclusions and clinical importanceCannabinoid receptor 2, and cannabinoid-related receptors GPR55, TRPV1 and TRPA1 were widely expressed in the inflammatory infiltrate of the AD-dogs. Based on the present findings, the ECS could be considered to be a potential therapeutic target for dogs with AD, and may mitigate itch and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Chiocchetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (UNI EN ISO 9001:2008), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- *Correspondence: Roberto Chiocchetti
| | - Giulia Salamanca
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (UNI EN ISO 9001:2008), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Margherita De Silva
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (UNI EN ISO 9001:2008), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Gobbo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (UNI EN ISO 9001:2008), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Aspidi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (UNI EN ISO 9001:2008), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rodrigo Zamith Cunha
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (UNI EN ISO 9001:2008), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgia Galiazzo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (UNI EN ISO 9001:2008), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Tagliavia
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (UNI EN ISO 9001:2008), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Località Piano D'Accio, Teramo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sarli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (UNI EN ISO 9001:2008), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Morini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (UNI EN ISO 9001:2008), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Simard M, Morin S, Ridha Z, Pouliot R. Current knowledge of the implication of lipid mediators in psoriasis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:961107. [PMID: 36091036 PMCID: PMC9459139 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.961107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is an organ involved in several biological processes essential to the proper functioning of the organism. One of these essential biological functions of the skin is its barrier function, mediated notably by the lipids of the stratum corneum, and which prevents both penetration from external aggression, and transepidermal water loss. Bioactive lipid mediators derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) constitute a complex bioactive lipid network greatly involved in skin homeostasis. Bioactive lipid mediators derived from n-3 and n-6 PUFAs have well-documented anti- and pro-inflammatory properties and are recognized as playing numerous and complex roles in the behavior of diverse skin diseases, including psoriasis. Psoriasis is an inflammatory autoimmune disease with many comorbidities and is associated with enhanced levels of pro-inflammatory lipid mediators. Studies have shown that a high intake of n-3 PUFAs can influence the development and progression of psoriasis, mainly by reducing the severity and frequency of psoriatic plaques. Herein, we provide an overview of the differential effects of n-3 and n-6 PUFA lipid mediators, including prostanoids, hydroxy-fatty acids, leukotrienes, specialized pro-resolving mediators, N-acylethanolamines, monoacylglycerols and endocannabinoids. This review summarizes current findings on lipid mediators playing a role in the skin and their potential as therapeutic targets for psoriatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Simard
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/Laboratoire d’Organogénèse EXpérimentale (LOEX), Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Sophie Morin
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/Laboratoire d’Organogénèse EXpérimentale (LOEX), Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Zainab Ridha
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/Laboratoire d’Organogénèse EXpérimentale (LOEX), Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Roxane Pouliot
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/Laboratoire d’Organogénèse EXpérimentale (LOEX), Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Roxane Pouliot,
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22
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Weng HJ, Pham QTT, Chang CW, Tsai TF. Druggable Targets and Compounds with Both Antinociceptive and Antipruritic Effects. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:892. [PMID: 35890193 PMCID: PMC9318852 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain and itch are both important manifestations of various disorders, such as herpes zoster, atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis. Growing evidence suggests that both sensations have shared mediators, overlapping neural circuitry, and similarities in sensitization processes. In fact, pain and itch coexist in some disorders. Determining pharmaceutical agents and targets for treating pain and itch concurrently is of scientific and clinical relevance. Here we review the neurobiology of pain and itch and discuss the pharmaceutical targets as well as novel compounds effective for the concurrent treatment of these sensations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Jui Weng
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan;
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- International Ph.D. Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Quoc Thao Trang Pham
- International Ph.D. Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
| | - Chia-Wei Chang
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Tsen-Fang Tsai
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
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Kupczyk P, Rykala M, Serek P, Pawlak A, Slowikowski B, Holysz M, Chodaczek G, Madej JP, Ziolkowski P, Niedzwiedz A. The cannabinoid receptors system in horses: Tissue distribution and cellular identification in skin. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:1508-1524. [PMID: 35801813 PMCID: PMC9308437 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is composed of cannabinoid receptors type 1 (CBR1) and type 2 (CBR2), cannabinoid-based ligands (endogenous chemically synthesized phytocannabinoids), and endogenous enzymes controlling their concentrations. Cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) have been identified in invertebrates and in almost all vertebrate species in the central and peripheral nervous system as well as in immune cells, where they control neuroimmune homeostasis. In humans, rodents, dogs, and cats, CBRs expression has been confirmed in the skin, and their expression and tissue distribution become disordered in pathological conditions. Cannabinoid receptors may be a possible therapeutic target in skin diseases. OBJECTIVES To characterize the distribution and cellular expression of CBRs in the skin of horses under normal conditions. ANIMALS Fifteen healthy horses. METHODS Using full-thickness skin punch biopsy samples, skin-derived primary epidermal keratinocytes and dermal-derived cells, we performed analysis of Cnr1 and Cnr2 genes using real-time PCR and CBR1 and CBR2 protein expression by confocal microscopy and Western blotting. RESULTS Normal equine skin, including equine epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblast-like cells, all exhibited constant gene and protein expression of CBRs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Our results represent a starting point for developing and translating new veterinary medicine-based pharmacotherapies using ECS as a possible target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kupczyk
- Division of General and Experimental Pathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marta Rykala
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic for Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Pawel Serek
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Slowikowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Karol Marcinkowski Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin Holysz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Karol Marcinkowski Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Chodaczek
- Bioimaging Laboratory, Lukasiewicz Research Network - PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jan P Madej
- Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Ziolkowski
- Division of General and Experimental Pathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Artur Niedzwiedz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic for Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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Chiocchetti R, De Silva M, Aspidi F, Cunha RZ, Gobbo F, Tagliavia C, Sarli G, Morini M. Distribution of Cannabinoid Receptors in Keratinocytes of Healthy Dogs and Dogs With Atopic Dermatitis. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:915896. [PMID: 35873682 PMCID: PMC9305491 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.915896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
It is commonly accepted that some form of skin barrier dysfunction is present in canine atopic dermatitis (AD), one of the most common cutaneous pruritic inflammatory diseases of dogs. The impaired skin barrier function facilitates the penetration of allergens and subsequently stronger sensitization responses. The role of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in the physiology and pathology of the skin is becoming increasingly established. It has been demonstrated that cannabinoid receptors are expressed in healthy and diseased skin and, based on current knowledge, it could be stated that cannabinoids are important mediators in the skin. The present study has been designed to immunohistochemically investigate the expression of the cannabinoid receptors type 1 (CB1R) and 2 (CB2R) and the cannabinoid-related receptors G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55), transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha (PPARα), and serotoninergic receptor 1a (5-HT1aR) in keratinocytes of healthy dogs and of dogs with AD. Samples of skin tissues were collected from 7 healthy controls (CTRL-dogs) and from 8 dogs with AD (AD-dogs). The tissue samples were processed using an immunofluorescence assay with commercially available antibodies, and the immunolabelling of the receptors studied was quantitatively evaluated. The keratinocytes of the CTRL- and the AD-dogs showed immunoreactivity for all the receptors investigated with a significant upregulation of CB2R, TRPA1, and 5-HT1aR in the epidermis of the AD-dogs. The presence of cannabinoid and cannabinoid-related receptors in healthy keratinocytes suggested the possible role of the ECS in canine epidermal homeostasis while their overexpression in the inflamed tissues of the AD-dogs suggested the involvement of the ECS in the pathogenesis of this disease, having a possible role in the related skin inflammation and itching. Based on the present findings, the ECS could be considered a potential therapeutic target for dogs with AD.
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Makhakhe L. Topical cannabidiol (CBD) in skin pathology – A comprehensive review and prospects for new therapeutic opportunities. S Afr Fam Pract (2004) 2022; 64:e1-e4. [PMID: 35695447 PMCID: PMC9210160 DOI: 10.4102/safp.v64i1.5493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans have utilised cannabis products in various forms throughout the recorded history. To date, more than 500 biologically active components have been identified in the plants of the Cannabis genus, amongst which more than 100 were classified as phytocannabinoids (exocannabinoids). The plant genus Cannabis is a member of the plant family Cannabaceae, and there are three primary cannabis species which vary in their biochemical constituents: Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica and Cannabis ruderalis. There has been a growing level of interest in research on the topical usage of a cannabis-based extract as a safer and more effective alternative to the usage of topical corticosteroids in treating some dermatoses. Together with the discovery of the cannabinoid receptors on the skin, it has been further illustrated that topical cannabis has anti-inflammatory, anti-itching, analgesics, wound healing and anti-proliferative effects on the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lehlohonolo Makhakhe
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; and, The South African Institute of Dermatology, Bloemfontein.
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26
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Evidence-based Potential Therapeutic Applications of Cannabinoids in Wound Management. Adv Skin Wound Care 2022; 35:447-453. [PMID: 35588193 DOI: 10.1097/01.asw.0000831920.15801.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although wound management is a major component of all domains of healthcare, conventional therapeutics have numerous limitations. The endocannabinoid system of the skin, one of the major endogenous systems, has recently been connected to wound healing. Cannabinoids and their interactions with the endogenous chemical signaling system may be a promising therapeutic option because they address some of the fundamental pathways for physiologic derangement that underpin chronic integumentary wounds. RECENT ADVANCES The therapeutic applications of cannabinoids are increasing because of their legalization and resulting market expansion. Recently, their immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties have been explored for the treatment of wounds that are not effectively managed by conventional medicines. CRITICAL ISSUES Failure to manage wounds effectively is associated with reduced quality of life, disability, mortality, and increased healthcare expenditures. Therapeutic options that can manage wounds effectively and efficiently are needed. In this review, the authors summarize recent advances on the use of cannabinoids to treat skin disorders with an emphasis on wound management. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Effective wound management requires medicines with good therapeutic outcomes and minimal adverse effects. Despite the promising results of cannabinoids in wound management, further controlled clinical studies are required to establish the definitive role of these compounds in the pathophysiology of wounds and their usefulness in the clinical setting.
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Lin X, Xu Z, Carey L, Romero J, Makriyannis A, Hillard CJ, Ruggiero E, Dockum M, Houk G, Mackie K, Albrecht PJ, Rice FL, Hohmann AG. A peripheral CB2 cannabinoid receptor mechanism suppresses chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: evidence from a CB2 reporter mouse. Pain 2022; 163:834-851. [PMID: 35001054 PMCID: PMC8942871 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT CB2 cannabinoid receptors (CB2) are a promising therapeutic target that lacks unwanted side effects of CB1 activation. However, the cell types expressing CB2 that mediate these effects remain poorly understood. We used transgenic mice with CB2 promoter-driven expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) to study cell types that express CB2 and suppress neuropathic nociception in a mouse model of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Structurally distinct CB2 agonists (AM1710 and LY2828360) suppressed paclitaxel-induced mechanical and cold allodynia in CB2EGFP reporter mice with established neuropathy. Antiallodynic effects of AM1710 were blocked by SR144528, a CB2 antagonist with limited CNS penetration. Intraplantar AM1710 administration suppressed paclitaxel-induced neuropathic nociception in CB2EGFP but not CB2 knockout mice, consistent with a local site of antiallodynic action. mRNA expression levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 were elevated in the lumbar spinal cord after intraplantar AM1710 injection along with the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha and chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. CB2EGFP, but not wildtype mice, exhibited anti-GFP immunoreactivity in the spleen. However, the anti-GFP signal was below the threshold for detection in the spinal cord and brain of either vehicle-treated or paclitaxel-treated CB2EGFP mice. EGFP fluorescence was coexpressed with CB2 immunolabeling in stratified patterns among epidermal keratinocytes. EGFP fluorescence was also expressed in dendritic cells in the dermis, Langerhans cells in the epidermis, and Merkel cells. Quantification of the EGFP signal revealed that Langerhans cells were dynamically increased in the epidermis after paclitaxel treatment. Our studies implicate CB2 expressed in previously unrecognized populations of skin cells as a potential target for suppressing chemotherapy-induced neuropathic nociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Lin
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Zhili Xu
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Lawrence Carey
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Julian Romero
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- School of Pharmacy, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Center for Drug Discovery, College of Science, Health Sciences Entrepreneurs, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cecilia J. Hillard
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | | | - Marilyn Dockum
- Integrated Tissue Dynamics LLC, Rensselaer, NY, United States
| | - George Houk
- Integrated Tissue Dynamics LLC, Rensselaer, NY, United States
| | - Ken Mackie
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
- Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | | | - Frank L. Rice
- Integrated Tissue Dynamics LLC, Rensselaer, NY, United States
| | - Andrea G. Hohmann
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
- Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
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Ramer R, Wendt F, Wittig F, Schäfer M, Boeckmann L, Emmert S, Hinz B. Impact of Cannabinoid Compounds on Skin Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071769. [PMID: 35406541 PMCID: PMC8997154 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs targeting the endocannabinoid system are of interest as potential systemic chemotherapeutic treatments and for palliative care in cancer. In this context, cannabinoid compounds have been successfully tested as a systemic therapeutic option in preclinical models over the past decades. Recent findings have suggested an essential function of the endocannabinoid system in the homeostasis of various skin functions and indicated that cannabinoids could also be considered for the treatment and prophylaxis of tumour diseases of the skin. Cannabinoids have been shown to exert their anticarcinogenic effects at different levels of skin cancer progression, such as inhibition of tumour growth, proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis, as well as inducing apoptosis and autophagy. This review provides an insight into the current literature on cannabinoid compounds as potential pharmaceuticals for the treatment of melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ramer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (R.R.); (F.W.); (F.W.)
| | - Franziska Wendt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (R.R.); (F.W.); (F.W.)
| | - Felix Wittig
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (R.R.); (F.W.); (F.W.)
| | - Mirijam Schäfer
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Dermatology and Venereology, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (M.S.); (L.B.); (S.E.)
| | - Lars Boeckmann
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Dermatology and Venereology, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (M.S.); (L.B.); (S.E.)
| | - Steffen Emmert
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Dermatology and Venereology, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (M.S.); (L.B.); (S.E.)
| | - Burkhard Hinz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (R.R.); (F.W.); (F.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-381-494-5770
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Sivesind TE, Maghfour J, Rietcheck H, Kamel K, Malik AS, Dellavalle RP. Cannabinoids for the Treatment of Dermatologic Conditions. JID INNOVATIONS 2022; 2:100095. [PMID: 35199092 PMCID: PMC8841811 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2022.100095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, cannabinoid (CB) products have gained popularity among the public. The anti-inflammatory properties of CBs have piqued the interest of researchers and clinicians because they represent promising avenues for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory skin disorders that may be refractory to conventional therapy. The objective of this study was to review the existing literature regarding CBs for dermatologic conditions. A primary literature search was conducted in October 2020, using the PubMed and Embase databases, for all articles published from 1965 to October 2020. Review articles, studies using animal models, and nondermatologic and pharmacologic studies were excluded. From 248 nonduplicated studies, 26 articles were included. There were 13 articles on systemic CBs and 14 reports on topical CBs. Selective CB receptor type 2 agonists were found to be effective in treating diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis and dermatomyositis. Dronabinol showed efficacy for trichotillomania. Sublingual cannabidiol and Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol were successful in treating the pain associated with epidermolysis bullosa. Available evidence suggests that CBs may be effective for the treatment of various inflammatory skin disorders. Although promising, additional research is necessary to evaluate efficacy and to determine dosing, safety, and long-term treatment guidelines.
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Key Words
- 2-AG, 2-arachidonoylglycerol
- ACR-CRISS, American College of Rheumatology-combined response index in diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis
- AEA, anandamide
- CB, cannabinoid
- CB1R, cannabinoid receptor 1
- CB2R, cannabinoid receptor 2
- CBD, cannabidiol
- CDASI, cutaneous dermatomyositis disease area and severity index
- DM, dermatomyositis
- ECS, endocannabinoid system
- KC, keratinocyte
- MRSS, modified Rodnan skin thickness score
- N-PEA, N-palmitoylethanolamide
- QOLHEQ, Quality of Life Hand Eczema Questionnaire
- RCT, randomized controlled trial
- SSc, systemic sclerosis
- VAS, Visual Analog Score
- Δ9-THC, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol
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Affiliation(s)
- Torunn E. Sivesind
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jalal Maghfour
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Care, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Hope Rietcheck
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kevin Kamel
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ali S. Malik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert P. Dellavalle
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Linde LD, Ogryzlo CM, Choles CM, Cairns BE, Kramer JLK. Efficacy of topical cannabinoids in the management of pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2022; 47:183-191. [PMID: 35012994 DOI: 10.1136/rapm-2021-102719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/IMPORTANCE Cannabinoids are emerging as an alternative pain management option, preliminarily supported by preclinical and clinical studies. Unwanted side effects from oral or inhaled cannabinoids remain, however, a major barrier to widespread use. Peripherally acting cannabinoids (eg, topically applied) may circumvent these side effects while providing localized pain management. OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to systematically review the literature on the effectiveness of peripherally acting cannabinoids for pain management. EVIDENCE REVIEW We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, and PubMed databases. Included studies examined the effect of topical/peripherally administered cannabinoids on pain ratings in humans, as well as pain-related outcomes in animals (eg, paw withdrawal). Due to a lack of trials, human studies were summarized in a narrative synthesis. Separate meta-analyses were performed for animal studies using radiant tail flick or paw withdrawal outcomes. FINDINGS Our search yielded 1182 studies following removal of duplicates, with 46 studies (6 human, 40 animal) included. Human studies (one randomized controlled trial and five case studies/series) reported no adverse events to topical cannabinoids and preliminary evidence of decreased pain ratings. Animal studies reporting tail flick (5) (2.81, 95% CI 1.93 to 3.69, p<0.001) and mechanical withdrawal (11) (2.74, 95% CI 1.82 to 3.67, p<0.001) reported prolonged responses (analgesia) in peripheral cannabinoid groups compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS Preclinical animal studies provided low-quality evidence for peripherally administered cannabinoids to provide regional, antinociceptive effects. The scarcity of high-quality human studies underscores the need to translate preclinical evidence into well-controlled human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas D Linde
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada .,Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Carey M Ogryzlo
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Cassandra M Choles
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brian E Cairns
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John L K Kramer
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Li L, Liu X, Ge W, Chen C, Huang Y, Jin Z, Zhan M, Duan X, Liu X, Kong Y, Jiang J, Li X, Zeng X, Li F, Xu S, Li M, Chen H. CB2R Deficiency Exacerbates Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasiform Dermatitis and Itch Through the Neuro-Immune Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:790712. [PMID: 35173615 PMCID: PMC8841964 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.790712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R) is a potential target for anti-inflammatory and pain therapeutics given its significant immunomodulatory and analgesic effects. However, the role of CB2R in imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasiform dermatitis (PsD) and itch is poorly understood. Objective: To investigate the function and mechanism of CB2R in PsD and itch in mice. Methods: Following daily treatment with topical IMQ cream for 5-7 consecutive days in C56BL/6 wild-type (WT) and CB2R gene knockout (KO) mice, we assessed the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scores and the scratch bouts every day, and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, toluidine blue staining were used to observe the histological changes. mRNA levels were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Protein levels were detected by western blotting (WB), immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF) and cytometric bead array (CBA). Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to examine the proportion of Th17/Treg cells. Results: We found that CB2R expression levels were increased in mice with psoriasis. Compared with WT mice, CB2R deficiency exacerbated IMQ-induced PsD and scratching bouts and upregulated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines by increasing the infiltration of CD4+ T cells and the Th17/Treg ratio. Obvious proliferation and prolongation of nerve fibers and high expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) were observed in PsD and CB2R KO mice. Pretreatment with the CB2R agonist, JWH-133 significantly reversed inflammation and scratching bouts. CB2R didn't participate in the induction of itch in psoriasis by regulating the expression of IL-31, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and mast cells in mouse skins. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that CB2R plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of psoriasis, providing a new potential target for anti-inflammatory and antipruritic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenqiang Ge
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuqiong Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zilin Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Muouyang Zhan
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoru Duan
- Department of Rheumatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Kong
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Department of Dermatology, Union Shenzhen Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Union Shenzhen Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Dermatology, Union Shenzhen Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shibin Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Union Shenzhen Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongxiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Dermatology, Union Shenzhen Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Dermatology, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
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32
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Martins AM, Gomes AL, Vilas Boas I, Marto J, Ribeiro HM. Cannabis-Based Products for the Treatment of Skin Inflammatory Diseases: A Timely Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:210. [PMID: 35215320 PMCID: PMC8878527 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of natural products in dermatology is increasingly being pursued due to sustainability and ecological issues, and as a possible way to improve the therapeutic outcome of chronic skin diseases, relieving the burden for both patients and healthcare systems. The legalization of cannabis by a growing number of countries has opened the way for researching the use of cannabinoids in therapeutic topical formulations. Cannabinoids are a diverse class of pharmacologically active compounds produced by Cannabis sativa (phytocannabinoids) and similar molecules (endocannabinoids, synthetic cannabinoids). Humans possess an endocannabinoid system involved in the regulation of several physiological processes, which includes naturally-produced endocannabinoids, and proteins involved in their transport, synthesis and degradation. The modulation of the endocannabinoid system is a promising therapeutic target for multiple diseases, including vascular, mental and neurodegenerative disorders. However, due to the complex nature of this system and its crosstalk with other biological systems, the development of novel target drugs is an ongoing challenging task. The discovery of a skin endocannabinoid system and its role in maintaining skin homeostasis, alongside the anti-inflammatory actions of cannabinoids, has raised interest in their use for the treatment of skin inflammatory diseases, which is the focus of this review. Oral treatments are only effective at high doses, having considerable adverse effects; thus, research into plant-based or synthetic cannabinoids that can be incorporated into high-quality, safe topical products for the treatment of inflammatory skin conditions is timely. Previous studies revealed that such products are usually well tolerated and showed promising results for example in the treatment of atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and contact dermatitis. However, further controlled human clinical trials are needed to fully unravel the potential of these compounds, and the possible side effects associated with their topical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Martins
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Ana L. Gomes
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.L.G.); (I.V.B.)
| | - Inês Vilas Boas
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.L.G.); (I.V.B.)
| | - Joana Marto
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Helena M. Ribeiro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal;
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In Vitro and Clinical Evaluation of Cannabigerol (CBG) Produced via Yeast Biosynthesis: A Cannabinoid with a Broad Range of Anti-Inflammatory and Skin Health-Boosting Properties. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27020491. [PMID: 35056807 PMCID: PMC8778347 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cannabigerol (CBG) is a minor non-psychoactive cannabinoid present in Cannabis sativa L. (C. sativa) at low levels (<1% per dry weight) that serves as the direct precursor to both cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Consequently, efforts to extract and purify CBG from C. sativa is both challenging and expensive. However, utilizing a novel yeast fermentation technology platform, minor cannabinoids such as CBG can be produced in a more sustainable, cost-effective, and timely process as compared to plant-based production. While CBD has been studied extensively, demonstrating several beneficial skin properties, there are a paucity of studies characterizing the activity of CBG in human skin. Therefore, our aim was to characterize and compare the in vitro activity profile of non-psychoactive CBG and CBD in skin and be the first group to test CBG clinically on human skin. Gene microarray analysis conducted using 3D human skin equivalents demonstrates that CBG regulates more genes than CBD, including several key skin targets. Human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) were exposed in culture to pro-inflammatory inducers to trigger cytokine production and oxidative stress. Results demonstrate that CBG and CBD reduce reactive oxygen species levels in HDFs better than vitamin C. Moreover, CBG inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine (Interleukin-1β, -6, -8, tumor necrosis factor α) release from several inflammatory inducers, such as ultraviolet A (UVA), ultraviolet B (UVB), chemical, C. acnes, and in several instances does so more potently than CBD. A 20-subject vehicle-controlled clinical study was performed with 0.1% CBG serum and placebo applied topically for 2 weeks after sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS)-induced irritation. CBG serum showed statistically significant improvement above placebo for transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and reduction in the appearance of redness. Altogether, CBG’s broad range of in vitro and clinical skin health-promoting activities demonstrates its strong potential as a safe, effective ingredient for topical use and suggests there are areas where it may be more effective than CBD.
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Schneider T, Zurbriggen L, Dieterle M, Mauermann E, Frei P, Mercer-Chalmers-Bender K, Ruppen W. Pain response to cannabidiol in induced acute nociceptive pain, allodynia, and hyperalgesia by using a model mimicking acute pain in healthy adults in a randomized trial (CANAB I). Pain 2022; 163:e62-e71. [PMID: 34086631 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Preclinical studies have demonstrated the analgesic potential of cannabidiol (CBD). Those suggesting an effect on pain-processing receptors have brought CBD back into focus. This study assessed the effect of CBD on acute pain, hyperalgesia, and allodynia compared with placebo. Twenty healthy volunteers were included in this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, crossover study assessing pain intensities (using numeric rating scale), secondary hyperalgesia (von Frey filament), and allodynia (dry cotton swab) in a well-established acute pain model with intradermal electrical stimulation. The authors compared the effect of 800-mg orally administered CBD on pain compared with placebo. They further examined the effect on hyperalgesia and allodynia. Cannabidiol whole blood levels were also measured. Pain ratings (mean ± SD) did not differ significantly after CBD application compared with placebo (5.2 ± 0.7 vs 5.3 ± 0.7, P-value 0.928), neither did the areas of hyperalgesia and allodynia differ significantly after CBD application compared with placebo (hyperalgesia 23.9 ± 19.2 cm2 vs 27.4 ± 17.0 cm2, P-value 0.597; allodynia 16.6 ± 13.1 cm2 vs 17.3 ± 14.1 cm2, P-value 0.884). The CBD whole blood level (median, first to third quartile) was 2.0 µg/L (1.5-5.1) 60 minutes and 5.0 µg/L (4.0-10.4) 130 minutes after CBD application. Although the oral application of 800-mg CBD failed to show a significant effect, it is important to focus future research on different dosing, routes of administration, and CBD as a part of multimodal treatment strategies before negating its effects on acute pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Schneider
- Department for Anesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine, Prehospital Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura Zurbriggen
- Department for Anesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine, Prehospital Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Dieterle
- Department for Anesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine, Prehospital Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eckhard Mauermann
- Department for Anesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine, Prehospital Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Priska Frei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Wilhelm Ruppen
- Department for Anesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine, Prehospital Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Aryannejad A, Noroozi N, Tavangar SM, Ramezani S, Rashidian A, Laripour R, Yousefi Zoshk M, Dehpour AR, Chamanara M. Involvement of Cannabinoid Type 2 Receptors in the Favorable Effects of Sumatriptan on the Random-Pattern Skin Flap Survival in Rats: A Novel Potential Target. Eur Surg Res 2021; 63:203-210. [PMID: 34929701 DOI: 10.1159/000521581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent investigations have indicated the potential therapeutic role of cannabinoid type 2 (CB2) receptors in various inflammatory-related disorders. However, the role of these receptors has not been studied in skin flap models to date. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the possible involvement of CB2 receptors in the anti-inflammatory effects of sumatriptan, improving the random-pattern skin flap survival in rats. METHODS In a controlled experimental study, 36 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 study groups (n = 6 per group). Two doses of sumatriptan (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally 30 min before harvesting the flap tissue. In a separate group, SR144528 (a selective CB2 receptor inverse agonist) was injected before the most effective dose of sumatriptan to determine the possible involvement of CB2 receptors in its action. Histopathological examinations, the expression level of CB2 receptors (Western blot analysis), and IL-1β and TNF-α concentrations (ELISA) were explored in the skin flap sampled tissues. RESULTS Sumatriptan 0.3 mg/kg remarkably enhanced the skin flap survival in all macroscopic and microscopic investigations compared to the control group (p < 0.001). IL-1β and TNF-α levels were significantly attenuated (p < 0.001), and the expression of CB2 receptors in skin cells was amplified in rats treated with sumatriptan 0.3 mg/kg (p < 0.05) compared to the control group. However, the administration of SR144528 (2 mg/kg) nullified all the protective effects of sumatriptan 0.3 mg/kg. CONCLUSION We discovered that CB2 receptors play a crucial role in the favorable effects of sumatriptan on skin flap survival as a novel mechanism of action. So, targeting these receptors seems to be a dependable method in skin flap surgeries to ensure its survival and prevent tissue necrosis. Further experimental and clinical investigations are needed to ensure the safe clinical application of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Aryannejad
- Toxicology Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nafise Noroozi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Tavangar
- Department of Pathology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Ramezani
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Rashidian
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Laripour
- Social and Preventive Medicine Department, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Yousefi Zoshk
- Trauma Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Department, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Chamanara
- Toxicology Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Since its legalization in Canada, cannabis use has expanded to include commercially available topical formations. Several scientifically unsupported claims regarding the therapeutic efficacy of topical cannabis are also being made. Developing an understanding of the consumer uses of topical cannabis is important for clinicians to provide appropriate counseling and inform potential areas of therapeutic development. We are examining the prevalence, purpose of use, and sources of information regarding topical cannabis in the Canadian population, with a focus on dermatologic uses. METHOD A cross-sectional, anonymous electronic, voluntary survey was developed to assess the use of topical cannabis amongst adults in Canada. RESULTS Cannabis was used topically at least once by 24.3% of respondents who started the survey. The commonest form of topical cannabis were creams (26.2%). The most common dermatologic conditions being treated with topical cannabis included atopic dermatitis (25%), acne (19%), and anti-aging (16%); for non-dermatologic conditions, common uses were for joint stiffness or tendonitis (30%) and headaches and migraines (27%). Topical cannabis was reported to be most effective for joint stiffness and tendonitis, general muscular soreness, headaches, eczema, pruritus, acne, and psoriasis. Most respondents obtained and received information about topical cannabis from dispensaries. CONCLUSION Canadians use topical cannabis for a broad range of systemic and dermatologic purposes, most of which have limited evidence. Future clinical studies are required to elucidate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of topical cannabis. Dermatologists should screen their patients for topical cannabis use and be aware of the limited evidence of therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Mahmood
- 12365 Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Megan M Lim
- 6363 Division of Dermatology, University of Ottawa and the Ottawa Hospital, ON, Canada
| | - Mark G Kirchhof
- 6363 Division of Dermatology, University of Ottawa and the Ottawa Hospital, ON, Canada
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Abstract
The public and health care providers are increasingly curious about the potential medical benefits of Cannabis. In vitro and in vivo studies of Cannabis have suggested it has favorable effects on regulating pain, pruritus, and inflammation, making it a potentially attractive therapeutic agent for many dermatologic conditions. The body of literature reporting on the role of cannabinoids in dermatology is in its infancy but growing. We review the current research, possible cutaneous adverse effects, and future directions for cannabinoids and their use in skin cancer, acne, psoriasis, pruritus, dermatitis, scleroderma, dermatomyositis, cutaneous lupus erythematous, epidermolysis bullosa, pain, and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Shao
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Campbell Stewart
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jane M Grant-Kels
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.
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Morin CB, Raef HS, Elmariah SB. Neuropathic itch treated with oral cannabinoids: A case series. JAAD Case Rep 2021; 17:38-42. [PMID: 34692966 PMCID: PMC8517709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Besner Morin
- Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Haya S Raef
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sarina B Elmariah
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Diabetes and Cannabinoid CB1 receptor deficiency promote similar early onset aging-like changes in the skin. Exp Gerontol 2021; 154:111528. [PMID: 34437952 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cannabinoid receptor type-1 (CB1R) is a major regulator of metabolism, growth and inflammation. Yet, its potential role in the skin is not well understood. Our aim was to evaluate the role of CB1R in aging-like diabetic skin changes by using a CB1R knockout mouse model. METHODS We evaluated several signals of skin aging in wild-type control (WT), WT streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic mice (WT DM), CB1R knockout (CB1RKO) and CB1RKO DM mice. We quantified markers of inflammation, angiogenesis, antioxidant enzymes and collagen content. Moreover, we evaluate reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and macrophage phenotype, M1 and M2. RESULTS CB1R expression is decreased in the skin of WT DM mice and collagen levels are decreased in the skin of WT DM, CB1RKO and CB1RKO DM mice. Additionally, the absence of CB1R correlated with higher expression of pro-inflammatory markers, also evident in WT DM or CB1RKO DM mice. Moreover, the M1/M2 macrophage ratio and ROS levels were significantly elevated but in the diabetic WT and the CB1RKO mice, consistent with a significant decrease in the antioxidant capacity of the skin. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that CB1R deficiency in the skin may lead to accelerated skin aging due to the increased production of ROS, a decrease in the antioxidant defenses and a higher pro-inflammatory environment. A significant decrease in the CB1R expression may be a significant contributing factor to the early aging-like changes in diabetes.
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40
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Sutaria N, Adawi W, Goldberg R, Roh YS, Choi J, Kwatra SG. Itch: Pathogenesis and treatment. J Am Acad Dermatol 2021; 86:17-34. [PMID: 34648873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.07.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Itch pathogenesis is broadly characterized into histaminergic and nonhistaminergic pathways and transmitted via 2 main receptor families: G protein-coupled receptors and transient receptor potential channels. In the skin, itch is primarily transmitted by unmyelinated type C and thinly myelinated type Aδ nerve fibers. Crosstalk between the immune and neural systems modulates itch transmission at the skin, spinal cord, and brain. Among the many known pruritogens, Th2 cytokines, such as interleukin-4, interleukin-13, interleukin-31, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin, are particularly important mediators that signal through shared Janus kinase pathways, representing novel targets for novel itch therapeutics. Emerging evidence has also revealed that the opioidergic system is a potent modulator of itch transmission, with increased μ-opioid activity and decreased κ-opioid activity contributing to itch pathogenesis. Optimal management of itch requires that treatment approaches be tailored to specific etiologic itch subtypes. When the etiology is unknown and patients are given a diagnosis of chronic pruritus of unknown origin, treatment should be guided by the presence of Th2 polarization, often reflected by increased blood eosinophils. In the second article of this 2-part series, we outline our current understanding of itch pathogenesis and discuss available and emerging treatments for itch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishadh Sutaria
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Waleed Adawi
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rebecca Goldberg
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Youkyung S Roh
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Justin Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shawn G Kwatra
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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N-Palmitoyl Serinol Stimulates Ceramide Production through a CB1-Dependent Mechanism in In Vitro Model of Skin Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158302. [PMID: 34361066 PMCID: PMC8348051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramides, a class of sphingolipids containing a backbone of sphingoid base, are the most important and effective structural component for the formation of the epidermal permeability barrier. While ceramides comprise approximately 50% of the epidermal lipid content by mass, the content is substantially decreased in certain inflammatory skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis (AD), causing improper barrier function. It is widely accepted that the endocannabinoid system (ECS) can modulate a number of biological responses in the central nerve system, prior studies revealed that activation of endocannabinoid receptor CB1, a key component of ECS, triggers the generation of ceramides that mediate neuronal cell fate. However, as the impact of ECS on the production of epidermal ceramide has not been studied, we here investigated whether the ECS stimulates the generation of epidermal ceramides in an IL-4-treated in vitro model of skin inflammation using N-palmitoyl serinol (PS), an analog of the endocannabinoid N-palmitoyl ethanolamine. Accordingly, an IL-4-mediated decrease in cellular ceramide levels was significantly stimulated in human epidermal keratinocytes (KC) following PS treatment through both de novo ceramide synthesis- and sphingomyelin hydrolysis-pathways. Importantly, PS selectively increases ceramides with long-chain fatty acids (FAs) (C22–C24), which mainly account for the formation of the epidermal barrier, through activation of ceramide synthase (CerS) 2 and Cer3 in IL-4-mediated inflamed KC. Furthermore, blockade of cannabinoid receptor CB1 activation by AM-251 failed to stimulate the production of total ceramide as well as long-chain ceramides in response to PS. These studies demonstrate that an analog of endocannabinoid, PS, stimulates the generation of specific ceramide species as well as the total amount of ceramides via the endocannabinoid receptor CB1-dependent mechanism, thereby resulting in the enhancement of epidermal permeability barrier function.
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Optimizing the Process Design of Oil-in-Water Nanoemulsion for Delivering Poorly Soluble Cannabidiol Oil. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9071180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Process approaches and intensification technological processes are integrated parts of available devices, which have a positive effect on the parameters of the obtained products. Nanoemulsions as delivery carriers are becoming more popular and there is a real need to increase the possibilities of formulation designing and engineering. Therefore, preparations of oil-in-water nanoemulsion with encapsulated cannabidiol (CBD) as oil phase were carried out in two ways: sonication method and two-stage high-pressure homogenization. The provided analysis showed spherical morphology and much larger sizes and polydispersity of nanoemulsions obtained by the sonication approach. The size of nanodroplets was from 216 nm up to 1418 nm for sonication, whereas for homogenization 128–880 nm. Additionally, it was observed that a proportionally higher percentage of surfactin resulted in a higher value of the Zeta potential. The formulations were found to be stable for at least 30 days. The in vitro experiments performed on human skin cell lines (HaCaT keratinocytes and normal dermal NHDF fibroblasts), and in vivo topical tests on probants established the biocompatibility of nanoemulsions with CBD. The last stage exhibits reduced discoloration and a higher degree of hydration by the selected systems with CBD and, thus indicating this nanoformulation as useful in cosmetics applications.
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Anand U, Pacchetti B, Anand P, Sodergren MH. Cannabis-based medicines and pain: a review of potential synergistic and entourage effects. Pain Manag 2021; 11:395-403. [PMID: 33703917 DOI: 10.2217/pmt-2020-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent legalization of medicinal cannabis in several jurisdictions has spurred the development of therapeutic formulations for chronic pain. Unlike pure delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), full-spectrum products contain naturally occurring cannabinoids and have been reported to show improved efficacy or tolerability, attributed to synergy between cannabinoids and other components in the cannabis plant. Although 'synergy' indicates that two or more active compounds may produce an additive or combined effect greater than their individual analgesic effect, potentiation of the biological effect of a compound by related but inactive compounds, in combination, was termed the 'entourage effect'. Here, we review current evidence for potential synergistic and entourage effects of cannabinoids in pain relief. However, definitive clinical trials and in vitro functional studies are still required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Anand
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 ONN, UK
| | | | - Praveen Anand
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 ONN, UK
| | - Mikael Hans Sodergren
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 ONN, UK
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Kong HE, Pollack BP, Blalock TW. Cannabinoids in dermatologic surgery. J Am Acad Dermatol 2021; 85:1565-1570. [PMID: 33422628 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Though known as a medicinal herb for centuries, the recent legalization of cannabinoids across many states has ushered in a new era where cannabinoids have become a popular treatment option among clinicians and patients alike. Cannabinoids have demonstrated efficacy in wound healing, reducing inflammation, ameliorating pain, and have shown potential as an antitumor agent. As a result, cannabinoids have been rapidly woven into the fabric of modern medicine. However, the utility of cannabinoids in dermatologic surgery has not been explored to date. In this article, we review the current literature to discuss the potential impact of cannabinoid use in dermatologic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Eun Kong
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Brian P Pollack
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Atlanta VA Health System, Decatur, Georgia
| | - Travis W Blalock
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Atlanta VA Health System, Decatur, Georgia.
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Abstract
Cannabinoids (CBDs) represent a diverse class of chemicals that may be beneficial in the treatment of various skin diseases due to antipruritic, anti-inflammatory, and antinociceptive properties. Although the legal history of these compounds has previously restricted their use and study, it seems likely that CBDs will gain popularity as they become increasingly available. We examined the mechanisms in which CBDs may have potential in the field of dermatology and reviewed the existing literature. We suggest that dermatologists review the existing evidence for CBD use and be ready to discuss it with their patients. The current literature indicates that CBDs may be beneficial in skin disease, particularly in the treatment of acne, chronic pruritus, and atopic dermatitis. Although there is preliminary evidence to suggest that CBDs are beneficial in these conditions, existing studies tend to be small and lacking rigorous design. There is a clear need for high-quality randomized controlled trials to fully evaluate the efficacy and safety of these compounds before their use can be promoted in the treatment of dermatological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Nickles
- University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Peter A Lio
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Medical Dermatology Associates of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Baswan SM, Klosner AE, Glynn K, Rajgopal A, Malik K, Yim S, Stern N. Therapeutic Potential of Cannabidiol (CBD) for Skin Health and Disorders. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2020; 13:927-942. [PMID: 33335413 PMCID: PMC7736837 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s286411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Though there is limited research confirming the purported topical benefits of cannabinoids, it is certain that cutaneous biology is modulated by the human endocannabinoid system (ECS). Receptors from the ECS have been identified in the skin and systemic abuse of synthetic cannabinoids, and their analogs, have also been associated with the manifestation of dermatological disorders, indicating the effects of the ECS on cutaneous biology. In particular, cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive compound from the cannabis plant, has garnered significant attention in recent years for its anecdotal therapeutic potential for various pathologies, including skin and cosmetic disorders. Though a body of preclinical evidence suggests topical application of CBD may be efficacious for some skin disorders, such as eczema, psoriasis, pruritis, and inflammatory conditions, confirmed clinical efficacy and elucidation of underlying molecular mechanisms have yet to be fully identified. This article provides an update on the advances in CBD research to date and the potential areas of future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir M Baswan
- Innovation and Science, Amway Corporation, Ada, MI, 49355, USA
| | - Allison E Klosner
- Innovation and Science, Nutrilite Health Institute, Amway Corporation, Buena Park, CA, 90621, USA
| | - Kelly Glynn
- Innovation and Science, Amway Corporation, Ada, MI, 49355, USA
| | - Arun Rajgopal
- Innovation and Science, Amway Corporation, Ada, MI, 49355, USA
| | - Kausar Malik
- Innovation and Science, Amway Corporation, Ada, MI, 49355, USA
| | - Sunghan Yim
- Innovation and Science, Amway Corporation, Ada, MI, 49355, USA
| | - Nathan Stern
- Innovation and Science, Amway Corporation, Ada, MI, 49355, USA
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Weigelt MA, Sivamani R, Lev-Tov H. The therapeutic potential of cannabinoids for integumentary wound management. Exp Dermatol 2020; 30:201-211. [PMID: 33205468 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The increasing legalization of Cannabis for recreational and medicinal purposes in the United States has spurred renewed interest in the therapeutic potential of cannabinoids (CBs) for human disease. The skin has its own endocannabinoid system (eCS) which is a key regulator of various homeostatic processes, including those necessary for normal physiologic wound healing. Data on the use of CBs for wound healing are scarce. Compelling pre-clinical evidence supporting the therapeutic potential of CBs to improve wound healing by modulating key molecular pathways is herein reviewed. These findings merit further exploration in basic science, translational and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximillian A Weigelt
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Raja Sivamani
- Department of Dermatology, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, CA, USA.,School of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA, USA.,Pacific Skin Institute, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Zen Dermatology, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Hadar Lev-Tov
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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48
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The Neuroimmunology of Chronic Pain: From Rodents to Humans. J Neurosci 2020; 41:855-865. [PMID: 33239404 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1650-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain, encompassing conditions, such as low back pain, arthritis, persistent post-surgical pain, fibromyalgia, and neuropathic pain disorders, is highly prevalent but remains poorly treated. The vast majority of therapeutics are directed solely at neurons, despite the fact that signaling between immune cells, glia, and neurons is now recognized as indispensable for the initiation and maintenance of chronic pain. This review highlights recent advances in understanding fundamental neuroimmune signaling mechanisms and novel therapeutic targets in rodent models of chronic pain. We further discuss new technological developments to study, diagnose, and quantify neuroimmune contributions to chronic pain in patient populations.
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Correia-Sá IB, Carvalho CM, Serrão PV, Machado VA, Carvalho SO, Marques M, Vieira-Coelho MA. AM251, a cannabinoid receptor 1 antagonist, prevents human fibroblasts differentiation and collagen deposition induced by TGF-β - An in vitro study. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 892:173738. [PMID: 33220269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies showed that cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1) is linked with skin fibrosis and scar tissue formation in mice. Therefore, the topical use of cannabinoids may have a role in the prevention or treatment of local fibrotic and wound healing diseases as hypertrophic scars or keloids. In this study, we asked whether CB1 activation or inactivation would change fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblast and collagen deposition in skin human fibroblast. Primary cultures of adult human fibroblasts were obtained from abdominal human skin. Cells were stimulated with transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β, 10ng/ml) and treated with a CB1 selective agonist (arachidonyl-2-chloroethylamide, ACEA 1 μM) and an antagonist (AM251 1, 5 and 10 μM). Alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was quantified using Immunocytochemistry and Western Blot. Collagen was quantified with Sirius Red staining assay. Significance was assessed by One-way ANOVA. P < 0.05 was considered significant. TGF-β significantly increases α-SMA expression. ACEA 1 μM significantly increases collagen deposition but does not change α-SMA expression. AM251 10 μM added in the absence and the presence of ACEA reduces α-SMA expression and collagen content in TGF-β treated cells. AM251 shows a concentration-dependent effect over collagen deposition with a pIC50 of 5.5 (4.6-6.4). TGF-β significantly increases CB1 receptor expression. CB1 inactivation with AM251 prevents fibroblasts differentiation and collagen deposition, induced by TGF-β in human fibroblasts. The outcome supports that CB1 is a molecular target for wound healing disorders and in vivo and pre-clinical studies should be implemented to clarify this premise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês B Correia-Sá
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery and Burn Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto and Centro Hospitalar São João, EPE, Porto, Portugal; Department of Biomedicine - Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oporto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Cláudia M Carvalho
- Department of Biomedicine - Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oporto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula V Serrão
- Department of Biomedicine - Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oporto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera A Machado
- Department of Biomedicine - Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oporto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia O Carvalho
- Department of Biomedicine - Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oporto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marisa Marques
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery and Burn Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto and Centro Hospitalar São João, EPE, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria A Vieira-Coelho
- Department of Biomedicine - Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oporto, Porto, Portugal
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50
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Proksch E, Soeberdt M, Neumann C, Kilic A, Abels C. Modulators of the endocannabinoid system influence skin barrier repair, epidermal proliferation, differentiation and inflammation in a mouse model. Exp Dermatol 2020; 28:1058-1065. [PMID: 31350927 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids (ECs) are important regulators of cell signalling. Cannabinoid receptors are involved in keratinocyte proliferation/differentiation. Elevation of the endogenous cannabinoid tone leads to strong anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we explored the influence of endocannabinoid system (ECS) modulators on skin permeability barrier repair, epidermal proliferation, differentiation and inflammation in hairless mice. We used WOBE440, a selective fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor, WOL067-531, an inhibitor of endocannabinoid reuptake with no relevant FAAH activity, which both signal via cannabinoid receptor-1 and cannabinoid receptor-2 (CB-1R and CB-2R) and compared them to WOBE15 which signals via CB-2R. Barrier disruption and skin irritation were induced by tape stripping or by sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) patch testing. Immediately after barrier disruption, 30 μL of 0.5% WOBE440, WOL067-531 and WOBE15 solutions or the vehicle was applied topically. Barrier repair was monitored by transepidermal water loss at 1.5, 3, 5 and 7 hours. We found that barrier repair was significantly delayed by WOL067-531. A tendency for a delay was noticed for WOBE440, whereas for WOBE15, no effect was observed. Immunohistology showed that the tape-stripping-induced increase in epidermal proliferation and filaggrin expression was significantly reduced by topical applications of WOL067-531 and WOBE440, but not by WOBE15. Also, the SDS-induced inflammation, as determined by the number of inflammatory cells, was reduced by WOL067-531 and WOBE440. In summary, we showed that WOL067-531 exhibits a significant effect on skin barrier repair, epidermal proliferation/differentiation and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claudia Neumann
- Department of Dermatology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ana Kilic
- Dr. August Wolff GmbH & Co. KG, Bielefeld, Germany
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