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Lu T, Su K, Ma G, Jia C, Li J, Zhao Q, Song M, Xu C, Song X. The growth and nutrient removal properties of heterotrophic microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana in simulated wastewater containing volatile fatty acids. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 358:142270. [PMID: 38719126 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
To reduce the high cost of organic carbon sources in waste resource utilization in the cultivation of microalgae, volatile fatty acids (VFAs) derived from activated sludge were used as the sole carbon source to culture Chlorella sorokiniana under the heterotrophic cultivation. The addition of VFAs in the heterotrophic condition enhanced the total nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (TP) removal of C. sorokiniana, which proved the advantageous microalgae in using VFAs in the heterotrophic culture after screening in the previous study. To discover the possible mechanism of nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption in heterotrophic conditions by microalgae, the effect of different ratios of VFAs (acetic acid (AA): propionic acid (PA): butyric acid (BA)) on the nutrient removal and growth properties of C. sorokiniana was studied. In the 8:1:1 group, the highest efficiency (77.19%) of VFAs assimilation, the highest biomass (0.80 g L-1) and lipid content (31.35%) were achieved, with the highest TN and TP removal efficiencies of 97.44 % and 91.02 %, respectively. Moreover, an aerobic denitrifying bacterium, Pseudomonas, was determined to be the dominant genus under this heterotrophic condition. This suggested that besides nitrate uptake and utilization by C. sorokiniana under the heterotrophy, the conduct of the denitrification process was also the main reason for obtaining high nitrogen removal efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiang Lu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China
| | - Kunyang Su
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China; Shandong Society for Environmental Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, PR China
| | - Guangxiang Ma
- Shandong Society for Environmental Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, PR China
| | - Cong Jia
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China
| | - Qi Zhao
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China
| | - Mingming Song
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China.
| | - Chongqing Xu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China; Ecology Institute of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250013, PR China
| | - Xiaozhe Song
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China
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Pompei CME, Ruas G, Bolzani HR, Fernandes LM, Silva GHRD. The influence of light intensities and micropollutants on the removal of total coliforms and E. coli from wastewater in a flat-panel photobioreactor. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 349:123935. [PMID: 38599269 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The presence of micropollutants and pathogens in sanitary wastewater and surface water is a growing concern that impacts public health, environmental balance and the maintenance of water supply services. To improve sanitary wastewater treatment, it is necessary to develop and improve sustainable technologies. Among the available options, microalgae-based systems stand out for their efficiency and generation of value-added byproducts. To study the impact of luminosity and the presence of micropollutants (13 selected) on the removal of E. coli and total coliforms from real anaerobically treated wastewater, a pilot flat-panel photobioreactor (50 L) was operated in batch mode in a tropical climate region. This is the first study to evaluate whether micropollutants interfere with coliform groups, considering a microalgae-based system and an experiment in a tropical climate region. E. coli had better removal (from 104 to 101 CFU 100 mL-1) than did total coliforms (from 104 to 103 CFU 100 mL-1). The removal of E. coli was more strongly linked to luminosity and temperature, while the removal of total coliforms was influenced by the presence of the selected micropollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Moço Erba Pompei
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Engineering Bauru, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Graziele Ruas
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Engineering Bauru, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Hugo Renan Bolzani
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Engineering Bauru, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luiza Maria Fernandes
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Henrique Ribeiro da Silva
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Engineering Bauru, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
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Bhatt A, Sahu N, Dada AC, Kumar Prajapati S, Arora P. Assessing sustainability of microalgae-based wastewater treatment: Environmental considerations and impacts on human health. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 354:120435. [PMID: 38402790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
An integrated life cycle assessment (LCA) and quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) were conducted to assess microalgae-mediated wastewater disinfection (M-WWD). M-WWD was achieved by replacing ultraviolet disinfection with a microalgal open raceway pond in an existing sewage treatment plant (STP) in India. Regarding impacts on human health, both M-WWD and STP yielded comparable life cycle impacts, around 0.01 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) per person per year. However, QMRA impacts for M-WWD (0.053 DALYs per person per year) were slightly lower than that for STP while considering exposure to E. coli O157:H7 and adenovirus. Additionally, a comparative LCA resolved the dilemma about the appropriate utilization of microalgal biomass. Among biodiesel, biocrude, and biogas production, the lowest impacts of 0.015 DALYs per person per year were obtained for biocrude for 1 m3 water treated by M-WWD. Electricity consumption in microalgae cultivation was a major environmental hotspot. Overall, M-WWD, followed by production of microalgal biocrude, emerged as a sustainable alternative from environmental and public health perspectives. These findings set the foundation for pilot-scale M-WWD system development, testing, and economic evaluation. Such comprehensive investigations, encompassing LCA, QMRA, and resource recovery scenarios, offer crucial insights for stakeholders and decision-makers in wastewater treatment and environmental management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Bhatt
- Department of Hydro and Renewable Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nitin Sahu
- Department of Hydro and Renewable Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | - Sanjeev Kumar Prajapati
- Department of Hydro and Renewable Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Pratham Arora
- Department of Hydro and Renewable Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.
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Ferreira ET, Barrochelo SC, de Melo SDP, Araujo T, Xavier ACC, Cechin I, da Silva GHR. Biofertilizers from wastewater treatment as a potential source of mineral nutrients for growth of amaranth plants. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295624. [PMID: 38117795 PMCID: PMC10732379 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploring alternative fertilizers is crucial in agriculture due to the cost and environmental impact of inorganic options. This study investigated the potential of sewage-derived biofertilizers on the growth and physiology of Amaranthus cruentus plants. Various treatments were compared, including control treatments with inorganic fertilizer and treatments with biofertilizers composed of microalgae, biosolids and reclaimed water. The following traits were investigated: photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange, growth, and leaf nutrient concentrations. The results showed that the concentrations of N, P, Cu, Fe Zn and Na nutrients, in the dry microalgae and biosolids, were quite high for the needs of the plants. The wet microalgae presented high concentration of Cu, Fe and Zn nutrients while reclaimed water contained high concentration of N, K, Ca and S. Na and Zn nutrients increased in the leaf of plants treated with dry microalgae and biosolid, respectively. At the beginning of the flowering phase, total chlorophyll and carotenoids contents were lower for plants grown with wet microalgae while for plants grown with higher doses of biosolid or reclaimed water total chlorophyll was increased, and carotenoids were not affected. Lower photosynthetic pigments under wet microalgae resulted in lower photosynthetic rates. On the other hand, amendments with dry microalgae and biosolid increased photosynthetic rates with the biosolid being the most effective. Higher applications of biosolid, wet and dry microalgae produced a considerable increase in shoot biomass of amaranth, with the dry microalgae being the most effective. Additionally, reclaimed water obtained after tertiary treatment of sewage with microalgae and biosolids applied alone showed promising effects on plant growth. Overall, these findings suggest that organic fertilizers derived from sewage treatment have the potential to enhance plant growth and contribute to sustainable agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Teófilo Ferreira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, UNESP – São Paulo State University, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Sarah Corrêa Barrochelo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, UNESP – São Paulo State University, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Sarah de Paula de Melo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, UNESP – São Paulo State University, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Thainá Araujo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, UNESP – São Paulo State University, Bauru, Brazil
| | | | - Inês Cechin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, UNESP – São Paulo State University, Bauru, Brazil
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Shanmuganathan R, Sibtain Kadri M, Mathimani T, Hoang Le Q, Pugazhendhi A. Recent innovations and challenges in the eradication of emerging contaminants from aquatic systems. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 332:138812. [PMID: 37127197 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Presence of emerging pollutants (EPs), aka Micropollutants (MPs) in the freshwater environments is a severe threat to the environment and human beings. They include pharmaceuticals, insecticides, industrial chemicals, natural hormones, and personal care items and the pollutants are mostly present in wastewater generated from urbanization and increased industrial growth. Even concentrations as low as ngL-1 or mgL-1 have proven ecologically lethal to aquatic biota. For several years, the biodegradation of various Micropollutants (MPs) in aquatic ecosystems has been a significant area of research worldwide, with many chemical compounds being discovered in various water bodies. As aquatic biota spends most of their formative phases in polluted water, the impacts on aquatic biota are obvious, indicating that the environmental danger is substantial. In contrast, the impact of these contaminants on aquatic creatures and freshwater consumption is more subtle and manifests directly when disrupting the endocrine system. Research and development activities are expected to enable the development of ecologically sustainable, cost-effective, and efficient treatments for practical systems in the near future. Therefore, this review aims to understand recent emerging pollutants discovered and the available treatment technologies and suggest an innovative and cost-effective method to treat these EPs, which is sustainable and follows the circular bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajasree Shanmuganathan
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam; Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
| | - Mohammad Sibtain Kadri
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City, 804201, Taiwan
| | - Thangavel Mathimani
- Department of Energy and Environment, National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Quynh Hoang Le
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam; Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Emerging Materials for Energy and Environmental Applications Research Group, School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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Cao TND, Mukhtar H, Le LT, Tran DPH, Ngo MTT, Pham MDT, Nguyen TB, Vo TKQ, Bui XT. Roles of microalgae-based biofertilizer in sustainability of green agriculture and food-water-energy security nexus. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 870:161927. [PMID: 36736400 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
For years, agrochemical fertilizers have been used in agriculture for crop production. However, intensive utilization of chemical fertilizers is not an ecological and environmental choice since they are destroying soil health and causing an emerging threat to agricultural production on a global scale. Under the circumstances of the increasing utilization of chemical fertilizers, cultivating microalgae to produce biofertilizers would be a wise solution since desired environmental targets will be obtained including (1) replacing chemical fertilizer while improving crop yields and soil health; (2) reducing the harvest of non-renewable elements from limited natural resources for chemical fertilizers production, and (3) mitigating negative influences of climate change through CO2 capture through microalgae cultivation. Recent improvements in microalgae-derived-biofertilizer-applied agriculture will be summarized in this review article. At last, the recent challenges of applying biofertilizers will be discussed as well as the perspective regarding the concept of circular bio-economy and sustainable development goals (SDGs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Ngoc-Dan Cao
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hussnain Mukhtar
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Linh-Thy Le
- Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City (UMP), Ward 11, District 5, Ho Chi Minh city 72714, Viet Nam; Key Laboratory of Advanced Waste Treatment Technology & Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Duyen Phuc-Hanh Tran
- Department of Civil Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan, ROC; Key Laboratory of Advanced Waste Treatment Technology & Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - My Thi Tra Ngo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Waste Treatment Technology & Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Mai-Duy-Thong Pham
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Waste Treatment Technology & Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh (VNUT.HCM), Linh Trung ward, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Thanh-Binh Nguyen
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Thi-Kim-Quyen Vo
- Faculty of Biology and Environment, Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry (HUFI), 140 Le Trong Tan street, Tan Phu district, Ho Chi Minh city 700000, Viet Nam; Key Laboratory of Advanced Waste Treatment Technology & Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Xuan-Thanh Bui
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Waste Treatment Technology & Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh (VNUT.HCM), Linh Trung ward, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam.
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7
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González-González RB, Flores-Contreras EA, Parra-Saldívar R, Iqbal HMN. Bio-removal of emerging pollutants by advanced bioremediation techniques. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113936. [PMID: 35932833 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights the relevance of bioremediation techniques for the removal of emerging pollutants (EPs). The EPs are chemical or biological pollutants that are not currently monitored or regulated by environmental authorities, but which can enter the environment and cause harmful effects to the environment and human health. In recent times, an ample range of EPs have been found in water bodies, where they can unbalance ecosystems and cause negative effects on non-target species. In addition, some EPs have shown high rates of bioaccumulation in aquatic species, thus affecting the safety and quality of seafood. The negative impacts of emerging pollutants, their wide distribution in the environment, their bioaccumulation rates, and their resistance to wastewater treatment plants processes have led to research on sustainable remediation. Remediation techniques have been recently directed to advanced biological remediation technologies. Such technologies have exhibited numerous advantages like in-situ remediation, low costs, eco-friendliness, high public acceptance, and so on. Thus, the present review has compiled the most recent studies on bioremediation techniques for water decontamination from emerging pollutants to extend the current knowledge on sustainable remediation technologies. Biological emerging contaminants, agrochemicals, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, and pharmaceutical and personal care products were considered for this review study, and their removal by bioremediation techniques involving plants, bacteria, microalgae, and fungi. Finally, further research opportunities are presented based on current challenges from an economic, biological, and operation perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico.
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8
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Li S, Qu W, Chang H, Li J, Ho SH. Microalgae-driven swine wastewater biotreatment: Nutrient recovery, key microbial community and current challenges. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 440:129785. [PMID: 36007366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As a promising technology, the microalgae-driven strategy can achieve environmentally sustainable and economically viable swine wastewater treatment. Currently, most microalgae-based research focuses on remediation improvement and biomass accumulation, while information on the removal mechanisms and dominant microorganisms is emerging but still limited. In this review, the major removal mechanisms of pollutants and pathogenic bacteria are systematically discussed. In addition, the bacterial and microalgal community during the swine wastewater treatment process are summarized. In general, Blastomonas, Flavobacterium, Skermanella, Calothrix and Sedimentibacter exhibit a high relative abundance. In contrast to the bacterial community, the microalgal community does not change much during swine wastewater treatment. Additionally, the effects of various parameters (characteristics of swine wastewater and cultivation conditions) on microalgal growth and current challenges in the microalgae-driven biotreatment process are comprehensively introduced. This review stresses the need to integrate bacterial and microalgal ecology information into the conventional design of full-scale swine wastewater treatment systems and operations. Herein, future research needs are also proposed, which will facilitate the development and operation of a more efficient microalgae-based swine wastewater treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150090, China
| | - Wenying Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150090, China; College of Water Conservancy and Architecture Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Haixing Chang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Junfeng Li
- College of Water Conservancy and Architecture Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150090, China.
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Rai A, Sirotiya V, Mourya M, Khan MJ, Ahirwar A, Sharma AK, Kawatra R, Marchand J, Schoefs B, Varjani S, Vinayak V. Sustainable treatment of dye wastewater by recycling microalgal and diatom biogenic materials: Biorefinery perspectives. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 305:135371. [PMID: 35724717 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Discharge of untreated or partially treated toxic dyes containing wastewater from textile industries into water streams is hazardous for environment. The use of heavy metal(s) rich dyes, which are chemically active in azo and sulfur content(s) has been tremendously increasing in last two decades. Conventional physical and chemical treatment processes help to eliminate the dyes from textile wastewater but generates the secondary pollutants which create an additional environmental problem. Microalgae especially the diatoms are promising candidate for dye remediation from textile wastewater. Nanoporous diatoms frustules doped with nanocomposites increase the wastewater remediation efficiency due to their adsorption properties. On the other hand, microalgae with photosynthetic microbial fuel cell have shown significant results in being efficient, cost effective and suitable for large scale phycoremediation. This integrated system has also capability to enhance lipid and carotenoids biosynthesis in microalgae while simultaneously generating the bioelectricity. The present review highlights the textile industry wastewater treatment by live and dead diatoms as well as microalgae such as Chlorella, Scenedesmus, Desmodesmus sp. etc. This review engrosses applicability of diatoms and microalgae as an alternative way of conventional dye removal techniques with techno-economic aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshuman Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, M.M. Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133203, India
| | - Vandana Sirotiya
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, MP, 470003, India
| | - Megha Mourya
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, MP, 470003, India
| | - Mohd Jahir Khan
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, MP, 470003, India
| | - Ankesh Ahirwar
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, MP, 470003, India
| | - Anil K Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, M.M. Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133203, India
| | - Rajeev Kawatra
- Forensic Science Laboratory, Haryana, Madhuban, Karnal, 132037, India
| | - Justine Marchand
- Metabolism, Bioengineering of Microalgal Metabolism and Applications (MIMMA), Mer Molecules Santé, Le Mans University, IUML - FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans, France
| | - Benoit Schoefs
- Metabolism, Bioengineering of Microalgal Metabolism and Applications (MIMMA), Mer Molecules Santé, Le Mans University, IUML - FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans, France
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382010, India.
| | - Vandana Vinayak
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, MP, 470003, India.
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López-Pacheco IY, Rodas-Zuluaga LI, Cuellar-Bermudez SP, Hidalgo-Vázquez E, Molina-Vazquez A, Araújo RG, Martínez-Ruiz M, Varjani S, Barceló D, Iqbal HMN, Parra-Saldívar R. Revalorization of Microalgae Biomass for Synergistic Interaction and Sustainable Applications: Bioplastic Generation. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20100601. [PMID: 36286425 PMCID: PMC9605595 DOI: 10.3390/md20100601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae and cyanobacteria are photosynthetic microorganisms’ sources of renewable biomass that can be used for bioplastic production. These microorganisms have high growth rates, and contrary to other feedstocks, such as land crops, they do not require arable land. In addition, they can be used as feedstock for bioplastic production while not competing with food sources (e.g., corn, wheat, and soy protein). In this study, we review the macromolecules from microalgae and cyanobacteria that can serve for the production of bioplastics, including starch and glycogen, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), cellulose, polylactic acid (PLA), and triacylglycerols (TAGs). In addition, we focus on the cultivation of microalgae and cyanobacteria for wastewater treatment. This approach would allow reducing nutrient supply for biomass production while treating wastewater. Thus, the combination of wastewater treatment and the production of biomass that can serve as feedstock for bioplastic production is discussed. The comprehensive information provided in this communication would expand the scope of interdisciplinary and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itzel Y. López-Pacheco
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - Rafael G. Araújo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Manuel Martínez-Ruiz
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar 382010, Gujarat, India
| | - Damià Barceló
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, c/Emili Grahit, 101, Edifici H2O, 17003 Girona, Spain
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (H.M.N.I.); (R.P.-S.)
| | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (H.M.N.I.); (R.P.-S.)
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldívar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (H.M.N.I.); (R.P.-S.)
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11
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Clagnan E, D'Imporzano G, Dell'Orto M, Sanchez-Zurano A, Acién-Fernandez FG, Pietrangeli B, Adani F. Profiling microalgal cultures growing on municipal wastewater and fertilizer media in raceway photobioreactors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 360:127619. [PMID: 35842066 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae cultivation is proposed as an effective system for pathogens reduction and wastewater depuration, however, a full characterisation of the risks is still needed. Two raceways were inoculated with Scenedesmus, one using wastewater and the other using a fertilizer medium. Microbial community and pathogen presence were explored by next generation sequencing (NGS), commercial qPCR array and plate counts. These methods proved to be complementary for a full characterization of community structure and potential risks. Media and sampling locations contributed to shape communities and pathogenic loads. The main pathogenic genera detected were Arcobacter and Elizabethkingia (mainly in wastewater) with an important presence of Aeromonas (all samples). A lower presence of pathogens was detected in fertilizer samples, while wastewater showed a reduction from inlet to outlet. Raceways showed potential as an effective biotreatment, with most of the retained pathogens released in the outlet and only a minor part settled in the biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Clagnan
- Gruppo Ricicla Labs, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DiSAA), Università degli studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giuliana D'Imporzano
- Gruppo Ricicla Labs, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DiSAA), Università degli studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marta Dell'Orto
- Gruppo Ricicla Labs, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DiSAA), Università degli studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Ana Sanchez-Zurano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almeria, CIESOL Solar Energy Research Centre, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | | | - Biancamaria Pietrangeli
- Inail, Dipartimento Innovazioni Tecnologiche e Sicurezza degli Impianti, Prodotti ed Insediamenti Antropici, Via R. Ferruzzi, 38/40, 00143 Roma, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Adani
- Gruppo Ricicla Labs, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DiSAA), Università degli studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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12
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Lee SA, Kim M, Kim HS, Ahn CY. Extra benefit of microalgae in raw piggery wastewater treatment: pathogen reduction. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:142. [PMID: 36045433 PMCID: PMC9429445 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01339-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monitoring microbial communities especially focused on pathogens in newly developed wastewater treatment systems is recommended for public health. Thus, we investigated the microbial community shift in a pilot-scale microalgal treatment system for piggery wastewater. RESULTS Microalgae showed reasonable removal efficiencies for COD and ammonia, resulting in higher transparency of the final effluent. Metagenome and microbial diversity analyses showed that heterotrophic microalgal cultivation barely changed the bacterial community; however, the mixotrophic microalgal cultivation induced a sudden change. In addition, an evaluation of risk groups (RGs) of bacteria showed that raw piggery wastewater included abundant pathogens, and the microalgal treatment of the raw piggery wastewater decreased the RG2 pathogens by 63%. However, co-cultivation of microalgae and the most dominant RG2 pathogen, Oligella, showed no direct effects between them. CONCLUSIONS Thus, a microbial interaction network was constructed to elucidate algae-bacteria interrelationships, and the decrease in Oligella was indirectly connected with microalgal growth via Brevundimonas, Sphingopyxis, and Stenotrophomonas. In a validation test, 3 among 4 connecting bacterial strains exhibited inhibition zones against Oligella. Therefore, we showed that microalgal wastewater treatment causes a decrease in RG2 bacteria, which is an indirect impact of microalgae associated with bacteria. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ah Lee
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
- Environmental Safety Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Europe, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Minsik Kim
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sik Kim
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Yong Ahn
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Singh V, Mishra V. Evaluation of the effects of input variables on the growth of two microalgae classes during wastewater treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 213:118165. [PMID: 35183015 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment carried out by microalgae is usually affected by the type of algal strain and the combination of cultivation parameters provided during the process. Every microalga strain has a different tolerance level towards cultivation parameters, including temperature, pH, light intensity, CO2 content, initial inoculum level, pretreatment method, reactor type and nutrient concentration in wastewater. Therefore, it is vital to supply the right combination of cultivation parameters to increase the wastewater treatment efficiency and biomass productivity of different microalgae classes. In the current investigation, the decision tree was used to analyse the dataset of class Trebouxiophyceae and Chlorophyceae. Various combinations of cultivation parameters were determined to enhance their performance in wastewater treatment. Nine combinations of cultivation parameters leading to high biomass production and eleven combinations each for high nitrogen removal efficiency and high phosphorus removal efficiency for class Trebouxiophyceae were detected by decision tree models. Similarly, eleven combinations for high biomass production, nine for high nitrogen removal efficiency, and eight for high phosphorus removal efficiency were detected for class Chlorophyceae. The results obtained through decision tree analysis can provide the optimum conditions of cultivation parameters, saving time in designing new experiments for treating wastewater at a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Singh
- School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT(BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Vishal Mishra
- School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT(BHU), Varanasi, India.
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14
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Oliveira GLD, Sueitt APE, Dos Santos PR, Leite LDS, Daniel LA. Removal of protozoan (oo)cysts and bacteria during microalgae harvesting: Outcomes from a lab-scale experiment. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131767. [PMID: 34399254 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of microalgae harvesting on the removal of Giardia spp. cysts, Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts, total coliforms, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp. and Clostridium spp. was assessed in lab-scale experiments (Jartest and Flotatest) using effluent from a flat panel photobioreactor used for Chlorella sorokiniana cultivation. Three harvesting methods were evaluated: (1) flocculation induced by pH modulation followed by sedimentation (pH-SED), (2) flocculation induced by pH modulation followed by dissolved air flotation (pH-DAF), and (3) coagulation using an organic coagulant (Tanfloc SG) followed by dissolved air flotation (Coag-DAF). The results indicated that the three harvesting methods were efficient in removing protozoan (oo)cysts and bacteria, achieving percentages of removal higher than 97% for all the analyzed pathogens. Among the three methods, pH-SED showed the best removal performance: 99.60% (2.5 log) for Giardia spp. cysts, 100% (>6.3 log) for total coliforms, 100% (>4.6 log) for Escherichia coli, 100% (>5.8 log) for Enterococcus spp. and 99.96% (3.6 log) for Clostridium spp. Clostridium spp. seemed to be more tolerant to the harvesting methods than the other groups of bacteria analyzed in the study, and its presence was positively correlated to the presence of Giardia spp. cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Laila de Oliveira
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, 13566-590, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Erbetta Sueitt
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, 13566-590, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila Ribeiro Dos Santos
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, 13566-590, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luan de Souza Leite
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, 13566-590, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Antonio Daniel
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, 13566-590, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Singh V, Mishra V. Exploring the effects of different combinations of predictor variables for the treatment of wastewater by microalgae and biomass production. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Hube S, Wu B. Mitigation of emerging pollutants and pathogens in decentralized wastewater treatment processes: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 779:146545. [PMID: 33752021 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Emerging pollutants (such as micropollutants, microplastics) and pathogens present in wastewater are of rising concern because their release can affect the natural environment and drinking water resources. In this decade, with increasing numbers of small-scale decentralized wastewater systems globally, the status of emerging pollutant and pathogen mitigation in the decentralized wastewater treatment processes has received more attention. This state-of-the-art review aims to discuss the mitigation efficiencies and mechanisms of micropollutants, microplastics, and pathogens in single-stage and hybrid decentralized wastewater treatment processes. The reviewed results revealed that hybrid wastewater treatment facilities could display better performance compared to stand-alone facilities. This is because the multiple treatment steps could offer various microenvironments, allowing incorporating several mitigation mechanisms (such as sorption, degradation, filtration, etc.) to remove complicated emerging pollutants and pathogens. The factors (such as system operation conditions, environmental conditions, wastewater matrix) influencing the removals of emerging pollutants from wastewater in these systems have been further identified. Nevertheless, it was found that very limited research work focused on synergised or conflicted effects of operation conditions on various emerging pollutants naturally present in the wastewater. Meanwhile, effective, reliable, and rapid analysis of the emerging pollutants and pathogens in the complicated wastewater matrix is still a major challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Hube
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iceland, Hjardarhagi 2-6, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Bing Wu
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iceland, Hjardarhagi 2-6, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland.
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17
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Sharma GK, Khan SA, Shrivastava M, Bhattacharyya R, Sharma A, Gupta DK, Kishore P, Gupta N. Circular economy fertilization: Phycoremediated algal biomass as biofertilizers for sustainable crop production. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 287:112295. [PMID: 33706096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to meet the demand of water and nutrients by their reuse and recycling to gratify sustainable food production system and resource conservation. Chlorella minutissima was found to be very effective in the removal of electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids, phosphorous (P), potassium (K), ammonium, nitrate, biological oxygen demand (BOD5) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of sewage wastewater. We tested the effects of phycoremediated algal biomass addition to soil in field plots of baby corn and spinach, on plant growth, yield and soil chemical properties. The application of 100% nitrogen (N) fertilizer by algal biomass lead to higher economic yield of spinach and baby corn than recommended dose of mineral fertilizers. The available N and P content in experimental plots applied with algae biomass as biofertilizers were significantly higher than other treatments. The soil enzymes, such as urease, nitrate reductase, and dehydrogenase were analysed during the cropping season of baby corn and spinach. The soil supplied with 100% N by algae biomass (C. minutissima) significantly (P < 0.05) increased the dehydrogenase activity in spinach grown soil. While the nitrate reductase activity in soil supplied with algal manure was maximum (0.13 mg NO2-N produced g-1 soil 24 h-1) and significantly higher than other treatments in baby corn grown soil. This study revealed that phycoremediation coupled with biofertilizers production from algae biomass is a recycling and resource conservation exercise to reduce eutrophication, recycling of wastewater, recycling of plant nutrients and improvement of the soil quality in circular economy fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulshan Kumar Sharma
- Division of Environmental Sciences, Centre for Environmental Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India; ICAR- National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Jorhat, 785004, Assam, India.
| | - Shakeel Ahmad Khan
- Division of Environmental Sciences, Centre for Environmental Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Manoj Shrivastava
- Division of Environmental Sciences, Centre for Environmental Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Ranjan Bhattacharyya
- Division of Environmental Sciences, Centre for Environmental Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Anil Sharma
- ICAR- Central Potato Research Station, Badshahpur, Jalandhar, 144003, India
| | - Dipak Kumar Gupta
- ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Hazaribagh, Jharkhand, 825411, India
| | - Prabhat Kishore
- ICAR- Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Navindu Gupta
- Division of Environmental Sciences, Centre for Environmental Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India
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18
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Kong W, Kong J, Ma J, Lyu H, Feng S, Wang Z, Yuan P, Shen B. Chlorella vulgaris cultivation in simulated wastewater for the biomass production, nutrients removal and CO 2 fixation simultaneously. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 284:112070. [PMID: 33561760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) was promising microalgae to simultaneously achieve biomass production, carbon dioxide (CO2) fixation, nutrients removal and proteins production especially under different conditions of CO2 gas and wastewaters. Results presented that maximal specific growth rate of C. vulgaris was 0.21-0.35 d-1 and 0.33-0.43 d-1 at 0.038% and 10% CO2 respectively, and corresponding maximal CO2 fixation rate was attended with 4.51-14.26 and 56.26-85.72 mg CO2·L-1·d-1. C. vulgaris showed good wastewater removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus at 10% CO2 with 96.12%-99.61% removal rates. Nitrogen fixation amount achieved 41.86 mg L-1 when the initial NH4Cl concentration was set at 60 mg L-1 at 10% CO2. Improved total protein (25.01-365.49 mg) and amino acids (24.56-196.44 mg) contents of C. vulgaris biomass was observed with the increasing of added CO2 and ammonium concentrations. Moreover, the developed kinetic function of C. vulgaris growth depends on both phosphorus quota and nitrogen quota with correlation coefficient (R2) ranged from 0.68 to 0.97. Computed maximal consumed nutrients concentrations (ΔCmax) based on Logistic function are positively related to initial NH4+-N concentrations, which indicated that adding ammonium could stimulate the utilization of both phosphorus and nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Kong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, PR China; School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, PR China
| | - Jia Kong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, PR China
| | - Jiao Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, PR China; School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, PR China
| | - Honghong Lyu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, PR China
| | - Shuo Feng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, PR China
| | - Zhuozhi Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, PR China; School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, PR China
| | - Peng Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, PR China
| | - Boxiong Shen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, PR China; School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, PR China.
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19
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Kuramae EE, Dimitrov MR, da Silva GHR, Lucheta AR, Mendes LW, Luz RL, Vet LEM, Fernandes TV. On-Site Blackwater Treatment Fosters Microbial Groups and Functions to Efficiently and Robustly Recover Carbon and Nutrients. Microorganisms 2020; 9:E75. [PMID: 33396683 PMCID: PMC7824102 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Wastewater is considered a renewable resource water and energy. An advantage of decentralized sanitation systems is the separation of the blackwater (BW) stream, contaminated with human pathogens, from the remaining household water. However, the composition and functions of the microbial community in BW are not known. In this study, we used shotgun metagenomics to assess the dynamics of microbial community structure and function throughout a new BW anaerobic digestion system installed at The Netherlands Institute of Ecology. Samples from the influent (BW), primary effluent (anaerobic digested BW), sludge and final effluent of the pilot upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor and microalgae pilot tubular photobioreactor (PBR) were analyzed. Our results showed a decrease in microbial richness and diversity followed by a decrease in functional complexity and co-occurrence along the different modules of the bioreactor. The microbial diversity and function decrease were reflected both changes in substrate composition and wash conditions. Our wastewater treatment system also decreased microbial functions related to pathogenesis. In summary, the new sanitation system studied here fosters microbial groups and functions that allow the system to efficiently and robustly recover carbon and nutrients while reducing pathogenic groups, ultimately generating a final effluent safe for discharge and reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiko E. Kuramae
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (M.R.D.); (A.R.L.); (L.W.M.); (R.L.L.)
- Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mauricio R. Dimitrov
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (M.R.D.); (A.R.L.); (L.W.M.); (R.L.L.)
| | - Gustavo H. R. da Silva
- Department of Environmental and Civil Engineering, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, Brazil;
| | - Adriano R. Lucheta
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (M.R.D.); (A.R.L.); (L.W.M.); (R.L.L.)
| | - Lucas W. Mendes
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (M.R.D.); (A.R.L.); (L.W.M.); (R.L.L.)
| | - Ronildson L. Luz
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (M.R.D.); (A.R.L.); (L.W.M.); (R.L.L.)
| | - Louise E. M. Vet
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Tania V. Fernandes
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands;
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