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Tsakem Nangap MJ, Walbadet L, Mbock MA, Adjieufack AI, Ongagna JM, Fokou R, Tenlep LN, Tchatat MB, Tsouh Fokou PV, Boyom FF, Gounoue Kamkumo R, Tsofack FN, Dimo T. In vitro, in vivo and in silico antiplasmodial profiling of the aqueous extract of Hibiscus asper HOOK F. Leaf (Malvaceae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 335:118536. [PMID: 39004192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Plasmodium resistance to antimalarial drugs raises the urgent need to seek for alternative treatments. Aqueous extract of Hibiscus asper leaves is currently used in malaria management but remains less documented. AIM OF THE STUDY The study aims to evaluate antimalarial effects of the aqueous extract of Hibiscus asper. UHPLC/MS, was used to identify some likely compounds present in the plant that were thereafter docked to some malaria parasite proteins. STUDY DESIGN In vitro anti-plasmodium and antioxidant, UHPLC/Ms analysis, in vivo antimalarial of the plant extract, and in silico molecular docking prediction of some identified compounds were performed to investigate the pharmacological effects of H. asper. MATERIAL AND METHODS The in vitro antiplasmodial activity of the extract was carried out on Plasmodium falciparum strains using SYBR-green dye; then, the curative antimalarial activity was conducted on Plasmodium berghei NK65-infected male Wistar rats. The UHPLC/MS analysis was used to identify plant compounds, followed by interactions (docking affinity) between some compounds and parasitic enzymes such as P. falciparum purine nucleoside phosphorylase (2BSX) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6FQY) to explore potential mechanisms of action at the molecular level. RESULTS No hemolysis effect of the extract was observed at concentrations up to 100 mg/mL. In vitro test of the aqueous leaves extract of H. asper showed inhibitory activity against P. falciparum Dd2 and 3D7 strains with IC50 values of 19.75 and 21.97 μg/mL, respectively. The curative antimalarial test of the H. asper extract in infected rats exhibited significant inhibition of the parasite growth (p < 0.001) with inhibition percentage of 95.11%, 97.68% and 95.59% at all the doses (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) respectively. The extract corrected major physiological alterations such as liver and kidney impairments, oxidative stress and architectural disorganization in liver, spleen and kidneys tissues. The UHPLC/MS analysis identified 7 compounds, namely chlorogenic acid, azulene, quercetin, rhodine, 1-ethyl-2,4-dimethyl benzene and phthalan. Out of seven compounds identified in the extract quercetin and phthalan showed higher in silico inhibitory activity against P. falciparum purine nucleoside phosphorylase and Plasmodium falciparum 6-phosphosgluconate dehydrogenase parasite enzymes. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that H. asper could be a promising complementary medicine to manage malaria. Meanwhile, the affinity of annoted compounds with these enzymes should be further confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Jaurès Tsakem Nangap
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon; Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Cameroon
| | - Lucain Walbadet
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon; Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Cameroon; Département des Sciences de La Vie et de La Terre, Ecole Normale Supérieure de N'Djamena, BP 206, N'Djamena, Chad
| | - Michel Arnaud Mbock
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon; Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Cameroon; Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Cameroon
| | - Abel Idrice Adjieufack
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon
| | - Jean Moto Ongagna
- Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Cameroon
| | - Roberto Fokou
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon; Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Cameroon
| | - Loïc Ngwem Tenlep
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon; Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Cameroon
| | - Mariscal Brice Tchatat
- Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Cameroon
| | - Patrick Valère Tsouh Fokou
- Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Cameroon; Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Bamenda, Cameroon
| | - Fabrice Fekam Boyom
- Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Cameroon
| | - Raceline Gounoue Kamkumo
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon; Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Cameroon.
| | | | - Théophile Dimo
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon
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Buthelezi MN, Tshililo VG, Kappo AP, Simelane MBC. Phytochemical evaluation of Ziziphus mucronata and Xysmalobium undulutum towards the discovery and development of anti-malarial drugs. Malar J 2024; 23:141. [PMID: 38734650 PMCID: PMC11088772 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-024-04976-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of resistance by Plasmodium falciparum is a burdening hazard that continues to undermine the strides made to alleviate malaria. As such, there is an increasing need to find new alternative strategies. This study evaluated and validated 2 medicinal plants used in traditional medicine to treat malaria. METHODS Inspired by their ethnobotanical reputation of being effective against malaria, Ziziphus mucronata and Xysmalobium undulutum were collected and sequentially extracted using hexane (HEX), ethyl acetate (ETA), Dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol (MTL). The resulting crude extracts were screened for their anti-malarial and cytotoxic potential using the parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, respectively. This was followed by isolating the active compounds from the DCM extract of Z. mucronata using silica gel chromatography and structural elucidation using spectroscopic techniques (NMR: 1H, 12C, and DEPT). The active compounds were then targeted against P. falciparum heat shock protein 70-1 (PfHsp70-1) using Autodock Vina, followed by in vitro validation assays using ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy and the malate dehydrogenase (MDH) chaperone activity assay. RESULTS The extracts except those of methanol displayed anti-malarial potential with varying IC50 values, Z. mucronata HEX (11.69 ± 3.84 µg/mL), ETA (7.25 ± 1.41 µg/mL), DCM (5.49 ± 0.03 µg/mL), and X. undulutum HEX (4.9 ± 0.037 µg/mL), ETA (17.46 ± 0.024 µg/mL) and DCM (19.27 ± 0.492 µg/mL). The extracts exhibited minimal cytotoxicity except for the ETA and DCM of Z. mucronata with CC50 values of 10.96 and 10.01 µg/mL, respectively. Isolation and structural characterization of the active compounds from the DCM extracts revealed that betulinic acid (19.95 ± 1.53 µg/mL) and lupeol (7.56 ± 2.03 µg/mL) were responsible for the anti-malarial activity and had no considerable cytotoxicity (CC50 > µg/mL). Molecular docking suggested strong binding between PfHsp70-1, betulinic acid (- 6.8 kcal/mol), and lupeol (- 6.9 kcal/mol). Meanwhile, the in vitro validation assays revealed the disruption of the protein structural elements and chaperone function. CONCLUSION This study proves that X undulutum and Z. mucronata have anti-malarial potential and that betulinic acid and lupeol are responsible for the activity seen on Z. mucronata. They also make a case for guided purification of new phytochemicals in the other extracts and support the notion of considering medicinal plants to discover new anti-malarials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzi N Buthelezi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Vhahangwele G Tshililo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Abidemi P Kappo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mthokozisi B C Simelane
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Kumatia EK, Zoiku FK, Asase A, Tung NH. In vitro and in silico anti-malarial activity and cytotoxicity of n-hexyl 1-O-rutinoside (a glycoside) isolated from Annickia polycarpa (DC.) Setten and Maas ex I.M. Turner (Annonaceae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117287. [PMID: 37827299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Annickia polycarpa leaf is an effective anti-malarial agent. However, its chemical constituents have not been isolated and assayed against any pathogen. AIM OF THE STUDY To isolate and characterize anti-malarial compound(s) from the leaf of A. polycarpa. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bioassay-guided fractionation was employed to isolated the compound (AL1) from the chloroform fraction (ALCF) of the basified ethanol extract of A. polycarpa leaf (ALE). AL1 was characterized by LC-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis. Anti-malarial activity was evaluated against drug resistance Dd2 and drug sensitive 3D7 Plasmodium falciparum strains using the SYBR green assay. Cytotoxicity and mechanistic studies were determined using tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay and molecular docking respectively. RESULTS AL1 was characterized as n-hexyl 1-O-rutinoside. The IC50 values of ALE and ALCF against 3D7 and Dd2 P. falciparum strains ranges from 3.441 (0.3389) - 4.255 (0.2246) μg/mL. The IC50s obtained for n-hexyl 1-O-rutinoside and Artesunate (standard drug) were 7.71 (0.5473) and 0.001 (0.00008) nM against the 3D7 parasite strain respectively. Also, the efficacy of n-hexyl 1-O-rutinoside increased by 24.40% against the chloroquine resistance Dd2 P. falciparum strain whiles that of Artesunate decreased by 98.96%. Furthermore, ALE, ALCF and n-hexyl 1-O-rutinoside were weakly cytotoxic to human RBCs with high selectivity indices. N-hexyl 1-O-rutinoside inhibits P. falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (PfCRT) and dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase (PfDHFR-TS) better than chloroquine and pyrimethamine respectively. But, produced similar inhibition of P. falciparum 2-trans-enoyl -ACP-reductase (PfERN) as triclosan. CONCLUSION These results show that A. polycarpa leaf and n-hexyl 1-O-rutinoside possessed profound anti-malarial activity and are not cytotoxic. N-hexyl 1-O-rutinoside could therefore, be developed into a new anti-malarial medicine. This is the first study to report the anti-malarial activity of n-hexyl 1-O-rutinoside and its isolation from the genus Annickia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Kofi Kumatia
- Department of Phytochemistry, Centre for Plant Medicine Research, Mampong-Akwapim, Ghana; Department of Quality Management, Centre for Plant Medicine Research, Mampong-Akwapim, Ghana.
| | - Felix Kwame Zoiku
- Depaertment of Epidemiology, Nouguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Alex Asase
- Plant Development Department, Centre for Plant Medicine Research, Mampong-Akwapim, Ghana.
| | - Nguyen Huu Tung
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Phenikaa University, Hanoi 12116, Viet Nam.
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Amang à Ngnoung GA, Nganso Ditchou YO, Leutcha PB, Dize D, Tatsimo SJN, Tchokouaha LRY, Kowa TK, Tembeni B, Mamoudou H, Poka M, Demana PH, Siwe Noundou X, Fekam Boyom F, Meli Lannang A. Antiplasmodial and Antileishmanial Activities of a New Limonoid and Other Constituents from the Stem Bark of Khaya senegalensis. Molecules 2023; 28:7227. [PMID: 37894704 PMCID: PMC10609173 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum and Leishmania sp. resistance to antiparasitic drugs has become a major concern in malaria and leishmaniasis control. These diseases are public health problems with significant socioeconomic impacts, and mostly affect disadvantaged populations living in remote tropical areas. This challenge emphasizes the need to search for new chemical scaffolds that preferably possess novel modes of action to contribute to antimalarial and antileishmanial research programs. This study aimed to investigate the antimalarial and antileishmanial properties of a methanol extract (KS-MeOH) of the stem bark of the Cameroonian medicinal plant Khaya senegalensis and its isolated compounds. The purification of KS-MeOH led to the isolation of a new ordered limonoid derivative, 21β-hydroxybourjotinolone A (1a), together with 15 known compounds (1bc-14) using a repeated column chromatography. Compound 1a was obtained in an epimeric mixture of 21α-melianodiol (1b) and 21β-melianodiol (1c). Structural characterization of the isolated compounds was achieved with HRMS, and 1D- and 2D-NMR analyses. The extracts and compounds were screened using pre-established in vitro methods against synchronized ring stage cultures of the multidrug-resistant Dd2 and chloroquine-sensitive/sulfadoxine-resistant 3D7 strains of Plasmodium falciparum and the promastigote form of Leishmania donovani (1S(MHOM/SD/62/1S). In addition, the samples were tested for cytotoxicity against RAW 264.7 macrophages. Positive controls consisted of artemisinin and chloroquine for P. falciparum, amphotericin B for L. donovani, and podophyllotoxin for cytotoxicity against RAW 264.7 cells. The extract and fractions exhibited moderate to potent antileishmanial activity with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) ranging from 5.99 ± 0.77 to 2.68 ± 0.42 μg/mL, while compounds displayed IC50 values ranging from 81.73 ± 0.12 to 6.43 ± 0.06 μg/mL. They were weakly active against the chloroquine-sensitive/sulfadoxine-resistant Pf3D7 strain but highly potent toward the multidrug-resistant PfDd2 (extracts, IC50 2.50 ± 0.12 to 4.78 ± 0.36 μg/mL; compounds IC50 2.93 ± 0.02 to 50.97 ± 0.37 μg/mL) with selectivity indices greater than 10 (SIDd2 > 10) for the extract and fractions and most of the derived compounds. Of note, the limonoid mixture [21β-hydroxylbourjotinolone A (1a) + 21α-melianodiol (1b) + 21β-melianodiol (1c)] exhibited moderate activity against P. falciparum and L. donovani. This novel antiplasmodial and antileishmanial chemical scaffold qualifies as a promising starting point for further medicinal chemistry-driven development of a dually active agent against two major infectious diseases affecting humans in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Ange Amang à Ngnoung
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, Maroua P.O. Box 814, Cameroon; (G.A.A.à.N.); (P.B.L.)
| | - Yves Oscar Nganso Ditchou
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, Maroua P.O. Box 814, Cameroon; (G.A.A.à.N.); (P.B.L.)
| | - Peron Bosco Leutcha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, Maroua P.O. Box 814, Cameroon; (G.A.A.à.N.); (P.B.L.)
- Natural Product and Environmental Chemistry Group (NAPEC), Department of Chemistry, Higher Teachers’ Training College, University of Maroua, Maroua P.O. Box 55, Cameroon; (S.J.N.T.); (A.M.L.)
| | - Darline Dize
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit (AmBcAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 812, Cameroon; (D.D.); (F.F.B.)
| | - Simplice Joël Ndendoung Tatsimo
- Natural Product and Environmental Chemistry Group (NAPEC), Department of Chemistry, Higher Teachers’ Training College, University of Maroua, Maroua P.O. Box 55, Cameroon; (S.J.N.T.); (A.M.L.)
| | - Lauve Rachel Yamthe Tchokouaha
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Centre for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaoundé P.O. Box 13033, Cameroon;
| | - Theodora Kopa Kowa
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Centre for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaoundé P.O. Box 13033, Cameroon;
| | - Babalwa Tembeni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0204, South Africa; (B.T.); (M.P.); (P.H.D.)
| | - Hamadou Mamoudou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, Maroua P.O. Box 814, Cameroon;
| | - Madan Poka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0204, South Africa; (B.T.); (M.P.); (P.H.D.)
| | - Patrick Hulisani Demana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0204, South Africa; (B.T.); (M.P.); (P.H.D.)
| | - Xavier Siwe Noundou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0204, South Africa; (B.T.); (M.P.); (P.H.D.)
| | - Fabrice Fekam Boyom
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit (AmBcAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 812, Cameroon; (D.D.); (F.F.B.)
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Centre for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaoundé P.O. Box 13033, Cameroon;
- Advanced Research and Health Innovation Hub (ARHIH), Yaoundé P.O. Box 20133, Cameroon
| | - Alain Meli Lannang
- Natural Product and Environmental Chemistry Group (NAPEC), Department of Chemistry, Higher Teachers’ Training College, University of Maroua, Maroua P.O. Box 55, Cameroon; (S.J.N.T.); (A.M.L.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Mineral Industries, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere P.O. Box 454, Cameroon
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Manya Mboni H, Faes M, Fraselle S, Compaoré M, Salvius BA, Joseph KB, Duez P, Jean-Baptiste LS, Stévigny C. Evaluating phytochemical constituents and in-vitro antiplasmodial and antioxidant activities of Fadogiella stigmatoloba, Hygrophylla auriculata, Hylodesmum repandum, and Porphyrostemma chevalieri extracts. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20103. [PMID: 37809863 PMCID: PMC10559859 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fadogiella stigmatoloba, Hygrophylla auriculata, Hylodesmum repandum and Porphyrostemma chevalieri are used against malaria in traditional medicine in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). To evaluate their potential in the treatment of this disease, the in vitro antiplasmodial property of these four plants was evaluated. All experiments were conducted on methanolic extracts performed on selected organ parts of these plants. Methods The methanolic extracts, obtained by maceration, were firstly screened in vitro against the chloroquine sensitive (3D7) and resistant (W2) Plasmodium falciparum strains by the measurement of lactate dehydrogenase activity, and on human keratinocytes (HaCat) cells by the MTT assay to determine their selectivity indices (SI). Secondly, the antioxidant activity of the same extracts was evaluated using DPPH and FRAP assays. Finally, the presence of specific phytochemical constituents was evaluated using standard methods and tentatively identified by GC-MS. Results An optimum antiplasmodial activity (IC50 = 3.4 ± 0.7 μg/mL, for 3D7, SI = 58.2; IC50 = 7 ± 1.0 μg/mL, for W2, SI = 28.3) was obtained with the leave extract of P. chevalieri. The leaves (for F. stigmatoloba and H. repandum), and the aerial part (for H. repandum) extracts showed promising and moderate antiplasmodial activities against respectively the 3D7 strain (IC50: <15 μg/mL), and W2 strain (IC50:15-50 μg/mL). All extracts presented a weak cytotoxic effect (IC50: >100 μg/mL) on HaCat cells. For the antioxidant test, the most interesting activity was obtained with the leaf extract of P. chevalieri. The GC-MS analysis of these four plants species extracts revealed the presence of various compounds, such as Ethyl 2-nonenoate, 2-(2-Hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)-3,5,6-trimethyl pyrazine, Palmitic Acid, Ethyl palmitate, Ethyl linolenate, and N-Acetyltyramine. Conclusion Based on the obtained results, P. chevalieri could be selected for further investigations or ⁄and for the management of malaria after standardization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Manya Mboni
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Lubumbashi, BP.1825, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Unité de Pharmacognosie, Bioanalyse et Médicaments, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus de la Plaine – CP205/9, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Marie Faes
- Unité de Pharmacognosie, Bioanalyse et Médicaments, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus de la Plaine – CP205/9, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Fraselle
- Unité de Pharmacognosie, Bioanalyse et Médicaments, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus de la Plaine – CP205/9, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Moussa Compaoré
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Chimie Appliquée, Université Ouaga I Pr Joseph KI-ERBO, 03 BP. 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Bakari Amuri Salvius
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Lubumbashi, BP.1825, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Kahumba Byanga Joseph
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Lubumbashi, BP.1825, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Pierre Duez
- Service de Chimie Thérapeutique et de Pharmacognosie, Université de Mons (UMONS), 20 Place du Parc, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Lumbu Simbi Jean-Baptiste
- Service de Chimie Organique, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Lubumbashi, BP. 1825, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Caroline Stévigny
- Unité de Pharmacognosie, Bioanalyse et Médicaments, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus de la Plaine – CP205/9, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050, Bruxelles, Belgium
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Rummun N, Payne B, Blom van Staden A, Twilley D, Houghton B, Horrocks P, Li WW, Lall N, Bahorun T, Neergheen VS. Pluripharmacological potential of Mascarene endemic plant leaf extracts. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Odonne G, Musset L, Cropet C, Philogene B, Gaillet M, Tareau MA, Douine M, Michaud C, Davy D, Epelboin L, Lazrek Y, Brousse P, Travers P, Djossou F, Mosnier E. When local phytotherapies meet biomedicine. Cross-sectional study of knowledge and intercultural practices against malaria in Eastern French Guiana. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 279:114384. [PMID: 34217796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In French Guiana, traditional phytotherapies are an important part of self-healthcare, however, a precise understanding of the interactions between local phytotherapies and biomedicine is lacking. Malaria is still endemic in the transition area between French Guiana and Brazil, and practices of self-treatment, although difficult to detect, have possible consequences on the outcome of public health policies. AIM OF THE STUDY The objectives of this research were 1) to document occurences of co-medication (interactions between biomedicine and local phytotherapies) against malaria around Saint-Georges de l'Oyapock (SGO), 2) to quantify and to qualify plant uses against malaria, 3) and to discuss potential effects of such co-medications, in order to improve synergy between community efforts and public health programs in SGO particularly, and in Amazonia more broadly. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017 in SGO. Inhabitants of any age and nationality were interviewed using a questionnaire (122 questions) about their knowledge and habits regarding malaria, and their use of plants to prevent and treat it. They were invited to show their potential responses on a poster illustrating the most common antimalarial plants used in the area. In order to correlate plant uses and malaria epidemiology, all participants subsequently received a medical examination, and malaria detection was performed by Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). RESULTS A total of 1566 inhabitants were included in the study. Forty-six percent of them declared that they had been infected by malaria at least once, and this rate increased with age. Every person who reported that they had had malaria also indicated that they had taken antimalarial drugs (at least for the last episode), and self-medication against malaria with pharmaceuticals was reported in 142 cases. A total of 550 plant users was recorded (35.1% of the interviewed population). Among them 95.5% associated pharmaceuticals to plants. All plants reported to treat malaria were shared by every cultural group around SGO, but three plants were primarily used by the Palikur: Cymbopogon citratus, Citrus aurantifolia and Siparuna guianensis. Two plants stand out among those used by Creoles: Eryngium foetidum and Quassia amara, although the latter is used by all groups and is by far the most cited plant by every cultural group. Cultivated species accounts for 91.3% of the use reports, while wild taxa account for only 18.4%. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that residents of SGO in French Guiana are relying on both traditional phytotherapies and pharmaceutical drugs to treat malaria. This medical pluralism is to be understood as a form of pragmatism: people are collecting or cultivating plants for medicinal purposes, which is probably more congruent with their respective cultures and highlights the wish for a certain independence of the care process. A better consideration of these practices is thus necessary to improve public health response to malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Odonne
- UMR 3456 LEEISA (Laboratoire Ecologie, Evolution, Interactions des Systèmes Amazoniens), CNRS, Université de Guyane, IFREMER, Cayenne, French Guiana.
| | - L Musset
- Laboratoire de parasitologie, Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, Pôle Zones Endémiques, WHO Collaborating Center for Surveillance of Antimalarial Drug Resistance, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 23 avenue Pasteur, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - C Cropet
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane - Inserm 1424, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, rue des flamboyants, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - B Philogene
- DAAC NGO, Saint Georges de l'Oyapock, French Guiana
| | - M Gaillet
- Pôle santé publique Recherche, Coordination des Centres délocalisés de prévention et de soin, Centre hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - M-A Tareau
- UMR 3456 LEEISA (Laboratoire Ecologie, Evolution, Interactions des Systèmes Amazoniens), CNRS, Université de Guyane, IFREMER, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - M Douine
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane - Inserm 1424, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, rue des flamboyants, Cayenne, French Guiana; TBIP, U1019-UMR9017-CIIL (Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille), Université de Guyane, Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - C Michaud
- Pôle santé publique Recherche, Coordination des Centres délocalisés de prévention et de soin, Centre hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - D Davy
- UMR 3456 LEEISA (Laboratoire Ecologie, Evolution, Interactions des Systèmes Amazoniens), CNRS, Université de Guyane, IFREMER, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - L Epelboin
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane - Inserm 1424, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, rue des flamboyants, Cayenne, French Guiana; Unité de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Y Lazrek
- Laboratoire de parasitologie, Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, Pôle Zones Endémiques, WHO Collaborating Center for Surveillance of Antimalarial Drug Resistance, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 23 avenue Pasteur, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - P Brousse
- Pôle santé publique Recherche, Coordination des Centres délocalisés de prévention et de soin, Centre hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - P Travers
- Pôle santé publique Recherche, Coordination des Centres délocalisés de prévention et de soin, Centre hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - F Djossou
- Unité de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - E Mosnier
- Unité de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana; SESSTIM (Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale), Aix Marseille University, INSERM, IRD, Marseille, France
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8
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Keumoe R, Koffi JG, Dize D, Fokou PVT, Tchamgoue J, Ayong L, Ndjakou BL, Sewald N, Ngameni B, Boyom FF. Identification of 3,3'-O-dimethylellagic acid and apigenin as the main antiplasmodial constituents of Endodesmia calophylloides Benth and Hymenostegia afzelii (Oliver.) Harms. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:180. [PMID: 34187456 PMCID: PMC8243547 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03352-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endodesmia calophylloides and Hymenostegia afzelii belong to the Guttiferae and Caesalpiniaceae plant families with known uses in African ethno-medicine to treat malaria and several other diseases. This study aimed at identifying antiplasmodial natural products from selected crude extracts from H. afzelii and E. calophylloides and to assess their cytotoxicity. Methods The extracts from H. afzelii and E. calophylloides were subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation to identify antiplasmodial compounds. The hydroethanol and methanol stem bark crude extracts, fractions and isolated compounds were assessed for antiplasmodial activity against the chloroquine-sensitive 3D7 and multi-drug resistant Dd2 strains of Plasmodium falciparum using the SYBR green I fluorescence-based microdilution assay. Cytotoxicity of active extracts, fractions and compounds was determined on African green monkey normal kidney Vero and murine macrophage Raw 264.7 cell lines using the Resazurin-based viability assay. Results The hydroethanolic extract of H. afzelii stem bark (HasbHE) and the methanolic extract of E. calophylloides stem bark (EcsbM) exhibited the highest potency against both Pf3D7 (EC50 values of 3.32 ± 0.15 μg/mL and 7.40 ± 0.19 μg/mL, respectively) and PfDd2 (EC50 of 3.08 ± 0.21 μg/mL and 7.48 ± 0.07 μg/mL, respectively) strains. Both extracts showed high selectivity toward Plasmodium parasites (SI > 13). The biological activity-guided fractionation led to the identification of five compounds (Compounds 1–5) from HasbHE and one compound (Compound 6) from EcsbM. Of these, Compound 1 corresponding to apigenin (EC50Pf3D7, of 19.01 ± 0.72 μM and EC50PfDd2 of 16.39 ± 0.52 μM), and Compound 6 corresponding to 3,3′-O-dimethylellagic acid (EC50Pf3D7 of 4.27 ± 0.05 μM and EC50PfDd2 of 1.36 ± 0.47 μM) displayed the highest antiplasmodial activities. Interestingly, both compounds exhibited negligible cytotoxicity against both Vero and Raw 264.7 cell lines with selectivity indices greater than 9. Conclusions This study led to the identification of two potent antiplasmodial natural compounds, 3,3′-O-dimethylellagic acid and apigenin that could serve as starting points for further antimalarial drug discovery. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-021-03352-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigue Keumoe
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit (AmBcAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Malaria Research Unit, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, P.O. Box 1274, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Jean Garba Koffi
- Higher Teachers Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O Box 47, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Darline Dize
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit (AmBcAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Patrick Valère Tsouh Fokou
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit (AmBcAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Joseph Tchamgoue
- Higher Teachers Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O Box 47, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Lawrence Ayong
- Malaria Research Unit, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, P.O. Box 1274, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Bruno Lenta Ndjakou
- Higher Teachers Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O Box 47, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, D-33501, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Bathelemy Ngameni
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde I, P.O Box 1364, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Fabrice Fekam Boyom
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit (AmBcAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
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9
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Tumewu L, Wardana FY, Ilmi H, Permanasari AA, Hafid AF, Widyawaruyanti A. Cratoxylum sumatranum stem bark exhibited antimalarial activity by Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 32:817-822. [PMID: 34214334 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The antimalarial drug resistance is an obstacle in the effort to overcome malaria. The new alternative antimalarial drug became in great attention of urgent need. Current antimalarial drugs were derived from plants. Therefore, the plant is considering a potential source of new drugs. Cratoxylum sumatranum belongs to the Hypericaceae family contain xanthones and phenolic compounds, which was reported for their antimalarial activities. This study aims to determine the antimalarial activities of C. sumatranum extracts and fractions. METHODS Cratoxylum sumatranum stem bark (BP14-SB) collected from Balikpapan Botanical Garden in East Kalimantan, Indonesia, was extracted gradually with n-hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol by ultrasonic-assisted extraction method. All extracts were tested against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay and followed by IC50 determination. The most active extract was further separated and tested for their antimalarial activities. RESULTS The results showed that dichloromethane stem bark extract (BP14-SB-D) had the strongest inhibition of parasite growth with the IC50 value of 0.44 ± 0.05 μg/mL and moderately toxic with the CC50 value of 29.09 ± 0.05 μg/mL. Further fractionation of BP14-SB-D by open column chromatography using silica gel and gradient hexane-ethyl acetate obtained 12 fractions. LDH assay for these 12 fractions of BP14-SB-D showed that Fraction-6 (IC50 value of 0.19 ± 0.03 μg/mL) was performed the strongest inhibition of parasite growth, compared to other fractions. TLC identification showed that BP14-SB-D contains xanthone. CONCLUSIONS The dichloromethane extract of C. sumatranum stem bark (BP14-SB-D) and Fraction-6 from this extract exhibited antimalarial activity and the potential to be developed an antimalarial substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidya Tumewu
- Natural Product Medicine Research and Development, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Doctoral Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Fendi Yoga Wardana
- Natural Product Medicine Research and Development, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Hilkatul Ilmi
- Natural Product Medicine Research and Development, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Adita Ayu Permanasari
- Natural Product Medicine Research and Development, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Achmad Fuad Hafid
- Natural Product Medicine Research and Development, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Aty Widyawaruyanti
- Natural Product Medicine Research and Development, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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10
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Laryea MK, Sheringham Borquaye L. Antimalarial, Antioxidant, and Toxicological Evaluation of Extracts of Celtis africana, Grosseria vignei, Physalis micrantha, and Stachytarpheta angustifolia. Biochem Res Int 2021; 2021:9971857. [PMID: 34258066 PMCID: PMC8245231 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9971857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In many parts of the world, malaria undoubtedly poses a serious threat to health care systems. Malaria treatment has increasingly become complicated, primarily due to the emergence of widespread resistance of the malaria parasites to cheap and affordable malaria therapeutics. The use of herbal remedies to treat various ailments, including malaria and malaria-like ailments in Ghana is common. We herein report on the antiplasmodial and antioxidant activities as well as toxicological evaluation of four medicinal plants (Celtis africana, Grosseria vignei, Physalis micrantha, and Stachytarpheta angustifolia) commonly used to treat malaria in Ghana. Following Soxhlet extraction of plant samples in ethanol, extracts were screened against Plasmodium falciparum (3D7 strain) in an in vitro antiplasmodial assay. The phosphomolybdenum and DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl) assays were used to evaluate antioxidant activities while toxicity assessment was carried out in mice using the acute toxicity test and kidney and liver function tests. Extracts from Celtis africana and Physalis micrantha were very active towards the parasites with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50's) of 29.1 and 3.5 µg/mL, respectively. Extracts of Grosseria vignei and Stachytarpheta angustifolia were inactive, having IC50 values greater than 50 µg/mL. All extracts exhibited excellent total antioxidant capacities (>800 mg/g AAE) and good DPPH radical scavenging potential (IC50 range of 300-900 µg/mL). The median lethal dose (LD50) of all extracts in the toxicological evaluation was greater than 2000 mg/kg and there was no effect of extracts on the levels and activities of key biomarkers of liver and kidney function. The activities of these plants obtained in this study partly give credence to their folkloric use in herbal medicines and suggest that they could provide promising lead compounds for malaria drug discovery programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Konney Laryea
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Lawrence Sheringham Borquaye
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Central Laboratory, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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11
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Orabi KY, Abaza MS, Luqmani YA, Al-Attiyah R. Psiadin and plectranthone selectively inhibit colorectal carcinoma cells proliferation via modulating cyclins signaling and apoptotic pathways. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252820. [PMID: 34086816 PMCID: PMC8177666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three scarce terpenes, psiadin, plectranthone and saudinolide, were obtained after chromatographic isolation and purification from the aerial parts of the respective plants. Their identities were established based on their spectral data. Their anticancer effects against two human colorectal carcinoma cell lines, CCL233 and CCL235, along with the potential molecular mechanisms of action, were explored. Psiadin and plectranthone exhibited marked growth inhibition on both cell lines in a time- and dose-dependent manner with minimal cytotoxicity against normal breast cells (HB2). The terpenes even showed superior activities to the tested standards. Flow cytometry showed apoptosis induction and alteration in the cell cycle in colorectal cancer cells treated with both compounds. Nevertheless, it was also found that both compounds inhibited NF-κB transcriptional activity, induced mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization and increased the percentage of reactive oxygen species in the treated cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner as well. Since the anticancer effect of psiadin on cancer cells was higher than that produced by plectranthone, only psiadin was tested to determine its possible targets. The results suggested a high degree of specificity of action affecting particular cellular processes in both cancer cells. In conclusion, both terpenes, in particular psiadin, showed significant discriminative therapeutic potential between cancer and normal cells, a value that is missing in current chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Y. Orabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Mohamed S. Abaza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Yunus A. Luqmani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Rajaa Al-Attiyah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
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12
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Rout UK, Sanket AS, Sisodia BS, Mohapatra PK, Pati S, Kant R, Dwivedi GR. A Comparative Review on Current and Future Drug Targets Against Bacteria & Malaria. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 21:736-775. [PMID: 31995004 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200129103618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Long before the discovery of drugs like 'antibiotic and anti-parasitic drugs', the infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria and parasites remain as one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in developing and underdeveloped countries. The phenomenon by which the organism exerts resistance against two or more structurally unrelated drugs is called multidrug resistance (MDR) and its emergence has further complicated the treatment scenario of infectious diseases. Resistance towards the available set of treatment options and poor pipeline of novel drug development puts an alarming situation. A universal goal in the post-genomic era is to identify novel targets/drugs for various life-threatening diseases caused by such pathogens. This review is conceptualized in the backdrop of drug resistance in two major pathogens i.e. "Pseudomonas aeruginosa" and "Plasmodium falciparum". In this review, the available targets and key mechanisms of resistance of these pathogens have been discussed in detail. An attempt has also been made to analyze the common drug targets of bacteria and malaria parasite to overcome the current drug resistance scenario. The solution is also hypothesized in terms of a present pipeline of drugs and efforts made by scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha K Rout
- Microbiology Department, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar-751023, India
| | | | - Brijesh S Sisodia
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, Gwalior-474 009, India
| | | | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Microbiology Department, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar-751023, India
| | - Rajni Kant
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh- 273013, India
| | - Gaurav R Dwivedi
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh- 273013, India
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13
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Traditional Foods and Sustainable Rural Development: Exploiting the Case of the Comoros Tea as a Potential Source of Bioactive Compounds. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13115815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although modern medicine is available in many developing countries, such as the Comoros Islands, the primary health-care needs of the local population are based on traditional foods and beverages derived from natural resources and medicinal plants for cultural and historical reasons. Aphloia theiformis (Vahl) Benn. (‘Mfandrabo’), Cinnamomum verum J.Presl (‘Mani yamdrara’), Ocimum gratissimum L. (‘Roulé’), Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng. (‘Ynadombwe’), Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle (‘Sandze monach’) and Ocimum americanum L. (‘Kandza’) are six wild plants that are largely utilised to treat many diseases. The leaves of these plants are used in the traditional Comorian tea (aqueous infusion). This study aimed to identify and quantify the main health-promoting compounds in the traditional formulation of Comorian tea by HPLC profiling together with a preliminary assessment of antioxidant capacity to confirm the traditional use of these plants by the local population. The single plants were also studied. The Comoros tea presented a total polyphenolic content (TPC) of 4511.50 ± 74.41 mgGAE/100 g DW, a value higher than the TPCs of the different plants included in the Comorian tea. Moreover, the Comorian tea showed an antioxidant capacity (AOC) of 578.65 ± 6.48 mmol Fe2+/Kg DW, a value higher if compared to all the AOC values obtained in the single plants. The polyphenolic fraction (771.37 ± 35.76 mg/100 g DW) and organic acids (981.40 ± 38.38 mg/100 g DW) were the most important phytochemical classes in the Comorian tea (40.68% and 51.75% of the total phytocomplex, respectively), followed by the monoterpenes (5.88%) and vitamin C (1.67%), while carotenoids were detected in trace (0.02%). The Comorian tea could be important in meeting the high demand in the Comoros Islands and other developing countries for cost-effective and natural health-promoting foods and/or beverages to be produced by agri-food industries and used by the local population. This study may promote traditional foods in rural communities in the Comoros Islands and contribute to sustainable rural development and a commercial valorisation of these plants for health-promoting and food applications.
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14
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Dkhil MA, Al-Quraishy S, Al-Shaebi EM, Abdel-Gaber R, Thagfan FA, Qasem MA. Medicinal plants as a fight against murine blood-stage malaria. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:1723-1738. [PMID: 33732056 PMCID: PMC7938113 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Malaria is an infectious parasitic disease affecting most of countries worldwide. Due to antimalarial drug resistance, researchers are seeking to find another safe efficient source for treatment of malaria. Since many years ago, medicinal plants were widely used for the treatment of several diseases. In general, most application is done first on experimental animals then human. In this article, medicinal plants as antimalarial agents in experimental animals were reviewed from January 2000 until November 2020. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this systematic review published articles were reviewed using the electronic databases NCBI, ISI Web of knowledge, ScienceDirect and Saudi digital library to check articles and theses for M.Sc/Ph.D. The name of the medicinal plant with its taxon ID and family, the used Plasmodium species, plant part used and its extract type and the country of harvest were described. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The reviewed plants belonged to 83 families. Medicinal plants of families Asteraceae, Meliaceae Fabaceae and Lamiaceae are the most abundant for use in laboratory animal antimalarial studies. According to region, published articles from 33 different countries were reviewed. Most of malaria published articles are from Africa especially Nigeria and Ethiopia. Leaves were the most common plant part used for the experimental malaria research. In many regions, research using medicinal plants to eliminate parasites and as a defensive tool is popular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Dkhil
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Egypt
| | - Saleh Al-Quraishy
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam M. Al-Shaebi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rewaida Abdel-Gaber
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Felwa Abdullah Thagfan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmood A.A. Qasem
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Kauroo S, Govinden-Soulange J, Ranghoo-Sanmukhiya VM, Miranda K, Cotham WE, Walla MD, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti P. Extracts of select endemic plants from the Republic of Mauritius exhibiting anti-cancer and immunomodulatory properties. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4272. [PMID: 33608608 PMCID: PMC7895923 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83461-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mauritius Island possesses unique plant biodiversity with a potential reservoir of biologically active compounds of pharmacological interest. In the current study, we investigated Mauritius endemic plant families Asteraceae, Ebenaceae, Sapotaceae, and Erythroxylaceae, for anti-cancer properties on T cell lymphoma and B16F10 Melanoma cells and immunomodulatory properties on primary T and B cells. The cytotoxicity of methanolic plant extracts at 1, 10, 25 µg/ml was determined. The most active plant species were evaluated for their apoptosis-inducing effects. The immunomodulatory properties of the plants were also studied, and preliminary phytochemical screening of selected plants was done by LC-MS analysis. Psiadia lithospermifolia (Lam.) Cordem (Asteraceae) at 25 µg/ml was the most cytotoxic on both EL4 and B16 cells and triggered apoptosis by the death receptor pathway, and at least in part, by the mitochondrial pathway. Most plant species from Asteraceae, Ebenaceae, Erythroxylaceae, and Sapotaceae inhibited the proliferation of activated T and B cells, although some promoted T cell proliferation. LC-MS profile of Asteraceae plants showed the presence of terpenes, terpenoids, fatty acids, and phenolic. Flavonoids and phenolic acid were also detected from Ebenaceae and Sapotaceae plants. Together, our study demonstrated that Mauritius endemic flora exhibit potential anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties worthy of further in-depth studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Kauroo
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Moka, Republic of Mauritius
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, 202 Osborne Administration Building, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | | | | | - Kathryn Miranda
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, 202 Osborne Administration Building, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - William E Cotham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Michael D Walla
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, 202 Osborne Administration Building, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Prakash Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, 202 Osborne Administration Building, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
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Al-Massarani SM, El-Gamal AA, Al-Rehaily AJ, Al-Sheddi ES, Al-Oqail MM, Farshori NN, Estep AS, Tabanca N, Becnel JJ. Insecticidal Activity and Free Radical Scavenging Properties of Isolated Phytoconstituents from the Saudi Plant Nuxia oppositifolia (Hochst.). Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040914. [PMID: 33572261 PMCID: PMC7915531 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatographic purification of the alcoholic extract from the aerial parts of the Saudi plant Nuxia oppositifolia (Hochst.), Benth., resulted in five isolated phenolic compounds. Two flavones, hispidulin (1) and jaceosidin (2), and the phenylethanoid glycosides, verbascoside (3), isoverbascoside (4), and conandroside (5), were identified and their chemical structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses. The insecticidal activity of compounds 1 and 2, in addition to 11 compounds isolated in a previous research (6-16), was evaluated against the Yellow Fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Four compounds displayed adulticidal activity with LD50 values of 2-2.3 μg/mosquito. Free radical scavenging properties of the plant extracts and compounds (1-5) were evaluated by measuring the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate radical cation (ABTS•+) scavenging activity. All compounds exhibited notable activity, compared with the positive control, l-Ascorbic acid. This study suggests that N. oppositifolia could be a promising source of secondary metabolites, some with lethal adulticidal effect against Ae. aegypti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaza M. Al-Massarani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.E.-G.); (A.J.A.-R.); (E.S.A.-S.); (M.M.A.-O.); (N.N.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ali A. El-Gamal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.E.-G.); (A.J.A.-R.); (E.S.A.-S.); (M.M.A.-O.); (N.N.F.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, El-Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Adnan J. Al-Rehaily
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.E.-G.); (A.J.A.-R.); (E.S.A.-S.); (M.M.A.-O.); (N.N.F.)
| | - Ebtesam S. Al-Sheddi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.E.-G.); (A.J.A.-R.); (E.S.A.-S.); (M.M.A.-O.); (N.N.F.)
| | - Mai M. Al-Oqail
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.E.-G.); (A.J.A.-R.); (E.S.A.-S.); (M.M.A.-O.); (N.N.F.)
| | - Nida N. Farshori
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.E.-G.); (A.J.A.-R.); (E.S.A.-S.); (M.M.A.-O.); (N.N.F.)
| | - Alden S. Estep
- USDA, ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (A.S.E.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Nurhayat Tabanca
- USDA-ARS, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, 13601 Old Cutler Rd., Miami, FL 33158, USA;
| | - James J. Becnel
- USDA, ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (A.S.E.); (J.J.B.)
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Ghaddar B, Veeren B, Rondeau P, Bringart M, Lefebvre d'Hellencourt C, Meilhac O, Bascands JL, Diotel N. Impaired brain homeostasis and neurogenesis in diet-induced overweight zebrafish: a preventive role from A. borbonica extract. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14496. [PMID: 32879342 PMCID: PMC7468118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71402-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are worldwide health concerns leading to many physiological disorders. Recent data highlighted their deleterious effects on brain homeostasis and plasticity, but the mechanisms underlying such disruptions are still not well understood. In this study, we developed and characterized a fast and reliable diet-induced overweight (DIO) model in zebrafish, for (1) studying the effects of overfeeding on brain homeostasis and for (2) testing different preventive and/or therapeutic strategies. By overfeeding zebrafish for 4 weeks, we report the disruption of many metabolic parameters reproducing human overweight features including increased body weight, body mass index, fasting blood glucose levels and liver steatosis. Furthermore, DIO fish displayed blood–brain barrier leakage, cerebral oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and decreased neurogenesis. Finally, we investigated the preventive beneficial effects of A. borbonica, an endogenous plant from Reunion Island. Overnight treatment with A. borbonica aqueous extract during the 4 weeks of overfeeding limited some detrimental central effects of DIO. In conclusion, we established a relevant DIO model in zebrafish demonstrating that overfeeding impairs peripheral and central homeostasis. This work also highlights the preventive protective effects of A. borbonica aqueous extracts in DIO, and opens a way to easily screen drugs aiming at limiting overweight and associated neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batoul Ghaddar
- INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Bryan Veeren
- INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Philippe Rondeau
- INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Matthieu Bringart
- INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Christian Lefebvre d'Hellencourt
- INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France.,CHU de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Jean-Loup Bascands
- INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Nicolas Diotel
- INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France.
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Validation of in-vitro bioassay methods: Application in herbal drug research. PROFILES OF DRUG SUBSTANCES, EXCIPIENTS, AND RELATED METHODOLOGY 2020; 46:273-307. [PMID: 33461699 DOI: 10.1016/bs.podrm.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This present review described the validation method of in-vitro bioassay for its application in herbal drug research. Seven sequencing steps that can be taken for performing a valid bioassay include: literature survey, sample stability evaluation, Biosystem performance testing, Sample performance evaluation, determination of 50% effective concentration or cytotoxic concentrations, selective index evaluation, and determination of accurate relative potency of sample. Detailed methods and acceptance criteria for each step are described herein. Method calculations of the relative potency of sample using European Pharmacopeia 10.0, 5.3 (2020) were recommended instead of using United States Pharmacopeia 42 (2019). For having reliable data and conclusions, all methods (chemical and bioassay) need to be first validated before any data collection. Absence of any validation method may results in incorrect conclusions and bias.
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Mahadeo K, Grondin I, Herbette G, Palama TL, Bouchemal N, Soulange J, Laulloo SJ, Sadeyen J, Humeau L, Frederich M, Gauvin-Bialecki A, Kodja H. A 1H NMR-based metabolomic approach to study the production of antimalarial compounds from Psiadia arguta leaves (pers.) voigt. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 176:112401. [PMID: 32464510 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Psiadia arguta (Asteraceae) is endemic to the island of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean. The species is traditionally used to treat various ailments, such as its use as an expectorant or for the treatment of bronchitis and asthma. Preliminary biological screenings have displayed the antimalarial (Plasmodium falciparum) and anticancer (HeLa human cell line) potential of P. arguta leaves. The phytochemical investigation of this plant has led to the isolation and characterization of sixteen compounds including five antiplasmodial molecules. The accumulation of the antiplasmodial compounds during the growth of the plant was studied by a 1H NMR-based metabolomic approach. In order to identify factors influencing the production of bioactive compounds, young plants of P. arguta were multiplied using in vitro culture techniques, and micro-propagated plants at different stages of development were acclimatized and followed for the experiments. The multivariate data analysis showed an accumulation of four bioactive compounds in the leaves of P. arguta when these plants were challenged with a biotic stress: labdan-13(E)-en-8α-ol-15-yl acetate, labdan-8α-ol-15-yl acetate, labdan-13(E)-ene-8α-ol-15-diol, and (8R,13S)-labdan-8,15-diol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshika Mahadeo
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles et des Sciences des Aliments, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de La Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, CS 92 003, 97 744, St Denis Cedex 9, La Réunion, France; UMR Qualisud, Université de La Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, CS 92 003, 97 744, St Denis Cedex 9, La Réunion, France
| | - Isabelle Grondin
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles et des Sciences des Aliments, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de La Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, CS 92 003, 97 744, St Denis Cedex 9, La Réunion, France
| | - Gaëtan Herbette
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, FSCM, Spectropole, Campus de St Jérôme-Service 511, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Tony L Palama
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures, Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques, CSPBAT, CNRS, UMR 7244, F, 93430, Villetaneuse, France
| | - Nadia Bouchemal
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures, Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques, CSPBAT, CNRS, UMR 7244, F, 93430, Villetaneuse, France
| | - Joyce Soulange
- Department of Agriculture and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Mauritius, Mauritius
| | | | - Joelle Sadeyen
- UMR Peuplement Végétaux et Bio-agresseurs en Milieu Tropical, Université de La Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, CS 92 003, 97 744 St Denis Cedex 9, La Réunion, France
| | - Laurence Humeau
- UMR Peuplement Végétaux et Bio-agresseurs en Milieu Tropical, Université de La Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, CS 92 003, 97 744 St Denis Cedex 9, La Réunion, France
| | - Michel Frederich
- Université de Liège, Département de Pharmacie, Centre Interfacultaire de Recherche sur le Médicament (CIRM), Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Campus du Sart-Tilman, Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate, 15 B36 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Anne Gauvin-Bialecki
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles et des Sciences des Aliments, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de La Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, CS 92 003, 97 744, St Denis Cedex 9, La Réunion, France
| | - Hippolyte Kodja
- UMR Qualisud, Université de La Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, CS 92 003, 97 744, St Denis Cedex 9, La Réunion, France.
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Manya MH, Keymeulen F, Ngezahayo J, Bakari AS, Kalonda ME, Kahumba BJ, Duez P, Stévigny C, Lumbu SJB. Antimalarial herbal remedies of Bukavu and Uvira areas in DR Congo: An ethnobotanical survey. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 249:112422. [PMID: 31765762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The main objective of the present study was to collect and gather information on herbal remedies traditionally used for the treatment of malaria in Bukavu and Uvira, two towns of the South Kivu province in DRC. MATERIAL AND METHODS Direct interview with field enquiries allowed collecting ethnobotanical data; for each plant, a specimen was harvested in the presence of the interviewed traditional healers (THs). The recorded information included vernacular names, morphological parts of plants, methods of preparation and administration of remedies, dosage and treatment duration. Plants were identified with the help of botanists in the herbaria of INERA/KIPOPO (DRC) and the Botanic Garden of Meise (Belgium), where voucher specimens have been deposited. The results were analysed and discussed in the context of previous published data. RESULTS Interviewees cited 45 plant species belonging to 41 genera and 21 families used for the treatment of malaria. These plants are used in the preparation of 52 recipes, including 25 multi-herbal recipes and 27 mono-herbal recipes. Apart of Artemisia annua L. (Asteraceae; % Citation frequency = 34%) and Carica papaya L. (Caricaceae; % Citation frequency = 34%), the study has highlighted that the most represented families are Asteraceae with 12 species (26%), followed by Fabaceae with 7 species (16%) and Rubiaceae with 4 species (9%). For a majority of plants, herbal medicines are prepared from the leaves in the form of decoction and administered by oral route. CONCLUSION Literature data indicate that part of cited species are already known (38%) and/or studied (30%) for antimalarial properties, which gives credit to the experience of Bukavu and Uvira interviewees and some level of confidence on collected information. The highly cited plants should be investigated in details for the isolation and identification of active ingredients, a contribution to the discovery of new possibly effective antimalarials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mboni Henry Manya
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Lubumbashi, BP. 1825, Lubumbashi, Congo; Service de Chimie Organique, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Lubumbashi, BP. 1825, Lubumbashi, Congo; Unité de Pharmacognosie, Bioanalyse et Médicaments, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus de la Plaine - CP205/9, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050, Bruxelles, Belgium.
| | - Flore Keymeulen
- Unité de Pharmacognosie, Bioanalyse et Médicaments, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus de la Plaine - CP205/9, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Jérémie Ngezahayo
- Unité de Pharmacognosie, Bioanalyse et Médicaments, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus de la Plaine - CP205/9, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Amuri Salvius Bakari
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Lubumbashi, BP. 1825, Lubumbashi, Congo
| | - Mutombo Emery Kalonda
- Service de Chimie Organique, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Lubumbashi, BP. 1825, Lubumbashi, Congo
| | - Byanga Joh Kahumba
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Lubumbashi, BP. 1825, Lubumbashi, Congo
| | - Pierre Duez
- Service de Chimie Thérapeutique et de Pharmacognosie, Université de Mons (UMONS), 20 Place du Parc, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Caroline Stévigny
- Unité de Pharmacognosie, Bioanalyse et Médicaments, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus de la Plaine - CP205/9, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Simbi Jean-Baptiste Lumbu
- Service de Chimie Organique, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Lubumbashi, BP. 1825, Lubumbashi, Congo
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Shirsath NR, Goswami AK. Natural Phytochemicals and Their Therapeutic Role in Management of Several Diseases: A Review. CURRENT TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/2215083805666190807111817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:These days, a lot of people face some health-related problems in day to day life. The conventional synthetic medicine is not effective enough to cure them alone. The conventional therapy for the management of these health-related issues involves the use of hazardous synthetic chemicals and surgical diagnosis, which have lots of serious side effects. It is necessary to conduct research on herbal medicines, this is an alternative approach to avoid the side effects of synthetic medicines to achieve high effectiveness, low cost and improve patient compliance.Methods:The present survey is an analysis of some of the available data on the use of plants with their biological source, active phytochemicals constituents and a probable activity/ mechanism of action of several classes of drugs. This work also focused on highlighting the advantages of natural medicines for maximum utilization.Results:This article aims to increase awareness about natural medicine and help people find a suitable herbal medicine for the treatment of specific diseases.Conclusion:This article also exhibits the scope for further process in the development of new natural substance for the management of several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin R. Shirsath
- University Institute of Chemical Technology (UICT), Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University (KBCNMU), Jalgaon, Maharashtra-425001, India
| | - Ajaygiri K. Goswami
- University Institute of Chemical Technology (UICT), Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University (KBCNMU), Jalgaon, Maharashtra-425001, India
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22
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Fenta M, Kahaliw W. Evaluation of Antimalarial Activity of Hydromethanolic Crude Extract and Solvent Fractions of the Leaves of Nuxia congesta R. Br. Ex Fresen ( Buddlejaceae) in Plasmodium berghei Infected Mice. J Exp Pharmacol 2019; 11:121-134. [PMID: 31908546 PMCID: PMC6926096 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s230636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Ethiopia, malaria control has been complicated due to resistance of the parasite and its vectors to the current drugs. Therefore, new drugs are required to avert the problem posed by drug-resistant Plasmodium strains. There is need to investigate alternative sources of antimalarial agents and plants are potential source of antimalarial drugs. This study aimed to investigate the antimalarial activity of the leaves of N. congesta crude extract (hydromethanolic extract) and solvent fractions (n-hexane, chloroform, and aqueous fractions of crude extract) traditionally used to treat malaria in many parts of Ethiopia. METHODS Acute oral toxicity of the leaves of N. congesta extract was assessed in mice up to a dose of 5,000 mg/kg body weight. Antiplasmodial activities of crude extract and solvent fractions were assessed in P. berghei infected female Swiss albino mice models using the Peter's 4-day suppressive test. The curative activities of crude extract and fractions were evaluated using Rane's test. RESULTS Plant extract exhibited no signs of toxicity on mice at a dose of 5,000 mg/kg body weight. Crude extract showed significant parasitemia suppressions at doses of 500 mg/kg (P<0.05), 750 mg/kg (P<0.01), and 1,000 mg/kg (P<0.001) as compared to negative control in the Peter's 4-day suppressive test, but failed to reach a significant level at 500 mg/kg and 750 mg/kg in the curative test (Rane's test). Aqueous fraction showed significant parasitemia suppression at a dose of 400 mg/kg (P<0.05) in curative test and 600 mg/kg (P<0.05) in Peter's 4-day suppressive and curative tests. Maximum suppressive effects of extract (58.13%) and aqueous fraction (44.9%) were observed at the highest doses administered. CONCLUSION Hydromethanolic leaf extract of N. congesta and its aqueous fraction exhibited antimalarial activities. The antimalarial activity and lack of acute toxicity are suggested to uphold the earlier claims made by the Ethiopian traditional practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melshew Fenta
- University of Gondar Specialized Referral Teaching Hospital, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Wubayehu Kahaliw
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Laryea MK, Borquaye LS. Antimalarial Efficacy and Toxicological Assessment of Extracts of Some Ghanaian Medicinal Plants. J Parasitol Res 2019; 2019:1630405. [PMID: 31467688 PMCID: PMC6699259 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1630405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The economic costs associated with morbidity and mortality due to malaria and malaria associated complications in many sub-Saharan countries and other malaria endemic regions of the world are huge. Reports of emergence of parasite resistance to current malaria drugs have complicated malaria treatment and require the development of new therapeutic agents. The folkloric use of medicinal plants for the management of malaria is well documented. This work evaluated the antiplasmodial activities and toxicity of some medicinal plants used to treat malaria and malaria-like symptoms in Ghana. Plant extracts were obtained by cold maceration in 70% ethanol. Antiplasmodial efficacies were assessed in vitro against 3 strains of Plasmodium falciparum strains (FCM, W2, and CAM06) and in vivo via the 4-day suppressive test in Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Cytotoxicity and acute toxicity were assessed in mammalian cells and mice, respectively. All extracts were active against at least one of the Plasmodium falciparum strains in in vitro evaluations with IC50's in the range of 4-116 μg/mL, whereas Bidens pilosa extracts, with a chemosuppression rate of 75%, was the most active plant in the in vivo experiments. All plant extracts displayed very weak to no cytotoxicity against the mammalian cell line used and exhibited very good selectivity towards the Plasmodium parasites. Syzygium guineense and Parinari congensis extracts were the most toxic in the acute toxicity tests. Altogether, the results indicate that the medicinal plants do possess impressive antiplasmodial properties and provide scientific basis for their use in traditional herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Konney Laryea
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Lawrence Sheringham Borquaye
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Central Laboratory, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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The Polyphenol-Rich Extract from Psiloxylon mauritianum, an Endemic Medicinal Plant from Reunion Island, Inhibits the Early Stages of Dengue and Zika Virus Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081860. [PMID: 30991717 PMCID: PMC6515236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent emergence and re-emergence of viral infections transmitted by vectors, such as the Zika virus (ZIKV) and Dengue virus (DENV), is a cause for international concern. These highly pathogenic arboviruses represent a serious health burden in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Despite the high morbidity and mortality associated with these viral infections, antiviral therapies are missing. Medicinal plants have been widely used to treat various infectious diseases since millenaries. Several compounds extracted from plants exhibit potent effects against viruses in vitro, calling for further investigations regarding their efficacy as antiviral drugs. Here, we demonstrate that an extract from Psiloxylon mauritianum, an endemic medicinal plant from Reunion Island, inhibits the infection of ZIKV in vitro without exhibiting cytotoxic effects. The extract was active against different ZIKV African and Asian strains, including an epidemic one. Time-of-drug-addition assays revealed that the P. mauritianum extract interfered with the attachment of the viral particles to the host cells. Importantly, the P. mauritianum extract was also able to prevent the infection of human cells by four dengue virus serotypes. Due to its potency and ability to target ZIKV and DENV particles, P. mauritianum may be of value for identifying and characterizing antiviral compounds to fight medically-important flaviviruses.
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Chemical Constituents with Leishmanicidal Activity from a Pink-Yellow Cultivar of Lantana camara var. aculeata (L.) Collected in Central Mexico. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040872. [PMID: 30781602 PMCID: PMC6413047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lantana camara (L.) is employed by several ethnical groups to treat numerous diseases. Although there are no ethnomedical reports on its use against leishmaniasis, organic extracts prepared from L. camara were shown to display leishmanicidal activity. In the present study, we carried out a bioassay-guided fractionation of the dichloromethane extract from Mexican L. camara in order to identify the compounds responsible for the leishmanicidal activity. Eighteen chromatographic fractions (FI⁻FXVIII) were evaluated in vitro against Leishmania mexicana and L. amazonensis. FII, FX, FXI, FXV, and FXVI showed significant activity against both Leishmania strains, the most potent of which was FXV. Eicosane (1), squalene (2), β-ionone (3), caryophyllene oxide (4), β-caryophyllene (5), hexanoic acid (6), tiglic acid (7), a mixture of lantanilic (8) and camaric (9) acids, and lantadene B (10) were identified and obtained from the active fractions and evaluated for their leishmanicidal activity. The mixture of lantanilic (8) and camaric (9) acids (79%/21%) was the most potent one (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 12.02 ± 0.36 μM). This study indicates that this cultivar of L. camara has high potential for the development of phytomedicines or as a source of natural products, which might represent lead compounds for the design of new drugs against leishmaniasis.
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Grauzdytė D, Pukalskas A, El Kalamouni C, Venskutonis PR. Antioxidant potential and phytochemical composition of extracts obtained from Phyllanthus phillyreifolius by different extraction methods. Nat Prod Res 2018; 34:706-709. [PMID: 30445845 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1493586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Phyllanthus phillyreifolius (Euphorbiaceae), poorly studied plant species, was fractionated using conventional and high pressure extraction techniques such as supercritical fluid and pressurized liquid extractions. Lipophilic substances were extracted with n-hexane and supercritical CO2 with or without co-solvent ethanol, meanwhile higher polarity fractions were recovered with acetone and 70% ethanol. Antioxidant potential was assessed by various chemical assays, which revealed that 70% ethanol was the most effective solvent for recovery of antioxidants. UPLC-MS phytochemical analysis of hydrophilic extracts confirmed geraniin as the main constituent of P. phillyreifolius. Other quantitatively important compounds were phyllanthusiin D and elaeocarpusin. Three isomers of tocopherol (α, β and γ) were quantified by HPLC in lipofhilic extracts. Generally, the results from this study revealed high antioxidant potential of P. phillyreifolius; consequently the plant may be considered as a promising source of antioxidants for functional foods, nutraceuticals and pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dovilė Grauzdytė
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Audrius Pukalskas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Chaker El Kalamouni
- UM 134 Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR9192, IRD UMR249, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, Université de la Réunion, Sainte-Clotilde, France
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Clain E, Sinigaglia L, Koishi AC, Gorgette O, Gadea G, Viranaicken W, Krejbich-Trotot P, Mavingui P, Desprès P, Nunes Duarte Dos Santos C, Guiraud P, Jouvenet N, El Kalamouni C. Extract from Aphloia theiformis, an edible indigenous plant from Reunion Island, impairs Zika virus attachment to the host cell surface. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10856. [PMID: 30022045 PMCID: PMC6052117 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29183-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The mosquito-borne Zika virus (ZIKV) belongs to the flavivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family. Contemporary epidemic strains of ZIKV are associated with congenital malformations in infants, including microcephaly, as well as Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. A risk of human-to-human transmission of ZIKV is also well documented. A worldwide research effort has been undertaken to identify safe and effective strategies to prevent or treat ZIKV infection. We show here that extract from Aphloia theiformis, an edible endemic plant from Indian Ocean islands, exerts a potent antiviral effect against ZIKV strains of African and Asian lineages, including epidemic strains. The antiviral effect of A. theiformis extract was extended to clinical isolates of dengue virus (DENV) of the four serotypes in human hepatocytes. A. theiformis inhibited virus entry in host cells by acting directly on viral particles, thus impairing their attachment to the cell surface. Electron microscopic observations revealed that organization of ZIKV particles was severely affected by A. theiformis. We propose a model of antiviral action for A. theiformis against flaviviruses that highlights the potential of medicinal plants as promising sources of naturally-derived antiviral compounds to prevent ZIKV and DENV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Clain
- Université de La Réunion, UM134 Processus Infectieux Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 97490, Sainte, Clotilde, France
| | - Laura Sinigaglia
- UMR CNRS 3569, Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, Pasteur Institute, 75724, Paris, France
| | - Andrea Cristine Koishi
- Laboratorio de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas, ICC/FIOCRUZ/PR, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Olivier Gorgette
- Ultrastructural BioImaging (UTechsUBI), Pasteur Institute, 75724, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Gadea
- Université de La Réunion, UM134 Processus Infectieux Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 97490, Sainte, Clotilde, France
| | - Wildriss Viranaicken
- Université de La Réunion, UM134 Processus Infectieux Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 97490, Sainte, Clotilde, France
| | - Pascale Krejbich-Trotot
- Université de La Réunion, UM134 Processus Infectieux Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 97490, Sainte, Clotilde, France
| | - Patrick Mavingui
- Université de La Réunion, UM134 Processus Infectieux Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 97490, Sainte, Clotilde, France
| | - Philippe Desprès
- Université de La Réunion, UM134 Processus Infectieux Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 97490, Sainte, Clotilde, France
| | | | - Pascale Guiraud
- Université de La Réunion, UM134 Processus Infectieux Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 97490, Sainte, Clotilde, France
| | - Nolwenn Jouvenet
- UMR CNRS 3569, Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit, Pasteur Institute, 75724, Paris, France
| | - Chaker El Kalamouni
- Université de La Réunion, UM134 Processus Infectieux Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 97490, Sainte, Clotilde, France.
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Berthi W, González A, Rios A, Blair S, Cogollo Á, Pabón A. Anti-plasmodial effect of plant extracts from Picrolemma huberi and Picramnia latifolia. Malar J 2018; 17:151. [PMID: 29615054 PMCID: PMC5883577 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2301-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria is an infectious disease caused by parasites of the genus Plasmodium, of which Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum are the major species that cause the disease in humans. As there are relatively few alternatives for malaria treatment, it is necessary to search for new chemotherapeutic options. Colombia possesses a great diversity of plants, which are potential sources of new compounds of medical interest. Thus, in this study the antiplasmodial effect of extracts from two species of plants from the families Simaroubaceae and Picramniaceae (Picramnia latifolia and Picrolemma huberi) was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. These plants were chosen because they contain secondary metabolites with interesting medicinal effects. RESULTS The ethanolic extracts of both species were highly active with IC50: 1.2 ± 0.19 µg/mL for P. latifolia and IC50: 0.05 ± 0.005 µg/mL for P. huberi. The P. latifolia extract had a stage specific effect on trophozoites and inhibited parasite growth in vivo by 52.1 ± 3.4%, evaluated at 1000 mg/kg in Balb/c mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. On the other hand, evaluated at 150 mg/kg body weight in the same murine model, the ethanolic extract from P. huberi had an antiplasmodial effect in all the asexual intraerythrocytic stages of P. falciparum FCR3 and inhibited the parasitic growth in 93 ± 32.9%. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of anti-malarial activity for these two species of plants. Thus, P. latifolia and P. huberi are potential candidates for the development of new drugs for treating malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Berthi
- Malaria Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Sede de Investigación Universitaria (SIU), Medellín, Colombia
| | - Alexa González
- Malaria Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Sede de Investigación Universitaria (SIU), Medellín, Colombia
| | - Alexandra Rios
- Malaria Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Sede de Investigación Universitaria (SIU), Medellín, Colombia
| | - Silvia Blair
- Malaria Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Sede de Investigación Universitaria (SIU), Medellín, Colombia
| | - Álvaro Cogollo
- Jardín Botánico Joaquín Antonio Uribe, Medellín, 050010, Colombia
| | - Adriana Pabón
- Malaria Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Sede de Investigación Universitaria (SIU), Medellín, Colombia.
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Vafaei A, Bin Mohamad J, Karimi E. HPLC profiling of phenolics and flavonoids of Adonidia merrillii fruits and their antioxidant and cytotoxic properties. Nat Prod Res 2018. [PMID: 29527930 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1448810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study the antioxidant and cytotoxicity activity of the Adonidia merrillii fruits were investigated using different solvent polarities (methanol, ethyl acetate and water). The results showed that the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the methanolic extract was higher compare with other extract with respective values of 17.80 ± 0.45 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight (DW) and 5.43 ± 0.33 mg rutin equivalents/g DW. Beside that The RP-HPLC analyses indicated the presence of gallic acid, pyrogallol, caffeic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, naringin and rutin. In the DPPH, NO2 and ABTS scavenging assays, the methanolic extract exhibited higher antioxidant activity as compared to the ethyl acetate and water extracts. The extracts exhibited moderate to weak cytotoxic activity in the assays using human hepatocytes (Chang liver cells) and NIH/3T3 (fibroblasts cell) cell lines. The findings showed the Adonidia merrillii fruit extracts to possess considerable antioxidant and cytotoxicity properties. The fruit, therefore, is a potential candidate for further work to discover antioxidant and cytotoxic drugs from natural sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Vafaei
- a Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Jamaludin Bin Mohamad
- a Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Ehsan Karimi
- b Department of Biology , Islamic Azad University , Mashhad , Iran
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Suleman S, Beyene Tufa T, Kebebe D, Belew S, Mekonnen Y, Gashe F, Mussa S, Wynendaele E, Duchateau L, De Spiegeleer B. Treatment of malaria and related symptoms using traditional herbal medicine in Ethiopia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 213:262-279. [PMID: 29102764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Medicinal plants have always been an integral part of different cultures in Ethiopia in the treatment of different illnesses including malaria and related symptoms. However, due to lack of proper documentation, urbanization, drought, acculturation and deforestation, there is an increased risk of losing this traditional knowledge. Hence, the use of the indigenous knowledge should be well documented and validated for potential future use. AIM OF THE STUDY To gather and document information on medicinal plants which are used in the traditional treatment of malaria and related symptoms in Ethiopia. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, an ethnomedicinal survey of plants was conducted in 17 districts of Jimma zone, the Oromia national regional state of Ethiopia. Jimma zone is malarious and rich in natural flora. A total of 115 traditional healers were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire containing personal data of the respondents, and information on medicinal plants used to treat malaria and related symptoms. In addition, a literature search using Medline/PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect and HINARI was conducted on the indigenous use, in-vitro/in-vivo anti-malarial activity reports, and the chemical characterization of medicinal plants of Ethiopia used against malaria. RESULTS From ethnomedicinal survey, a total of 28 species of plants used in the traditional treatment of malaria and related symptoms in Jimma Zone were collected, identified and documented. In addition, the literature search revealed that 124 medicinal plant species were reported to be traditionally used in the treatment of malaria in Ethiopia. From both ethnomedicinal survey and the literature search, Asteraceae and Fabaceae were the most represented families and Allium sativum L., Carica papaya L., Vernonia amygdalina Del., Lepidium sativum L. and Croton macrostachyus Del. were the most frequently reported plant species for their anti-malarial use. The dominant plant parts used in the preparation of remedies were leaves. About 54% of the medicinal plants documented in the survey have been reported as an anti-malarial plant in the literature search. Furthermore, the in-vitro and in-vivo anti-plasmodial activity reports of extracts from some of plant species were found to support the traditional claim of the documented plants. Moreover, literatures indicate that several secondary metabolites isolated from certain plant species that are traditionally used for the treatment of malaria and related symptoms in Ethiopia demonstrate strong anti-plasmodial activity. CONCLUSIONS The result of the current study showed that traditional knowledge is still playing an important role in the management of malaria and related symptoms in Ethiopia. Allium sativum L., Carica papaya L., Vernonia amygdalina Del., and Lepidium sativum L. are the most commonly reported species as anti-malarial plants and the traditional claim of some species was supported by known anti-plasmodial activity and bioactivity reports. The finding of this study is important in the rational prioritization of plant species which are potentially used for investigating new compounds, which could be efficacious for malaria treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Suleman
- Jimma University Laboratory of Drug Quality (JuLaDQ), Jimma University, PO Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; School of Pharmacy, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia.
| | - Takele Beyene Tufa
- Jimma University Laboratory of Drug Quality (JuLaDQ), Jimma University, PO Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; School of Pharmacy, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia.
| | - Dereje Kebebe
- Jimma University Laboratory of Drug Quality (JuLaDQ), Jimma University, PO Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; School of Pharmacy, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia.
| | - Sileshi Belew
- Jimma University Laboratory of Drug Quality (JuLaDQ), Jimma University, PO Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; School of Pharmacy, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Yimer Mekonnen
- Jimma University Laboratory of Drug Quality (JuLaDQ), Jimma University, PO Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; School of Pharmacy, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia.
| | - Fanta Gashe
- School of Pharmacy, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia.
| | - Seid Mussa
- School of Pharmacy, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia.
| | - Evelien Wynendaele
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Luc Duchateau
- Department of Comparative Physiology and Biometrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Bart De Spiegeleer
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Mahadeo K, Grondin I, Kodja H, Soulange Govinden J, Jhaumeer Laulloo S, Frederich M, Gauvin-Bialecki A. The genus Psiadia: Review of traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 210:48-68. [PMID: 28842341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus Psiadia Jacq. ex. Willd. belongs to the Asteraceae family and includes more than 60 species. This genus grows in tropical and subtropical regions, being especially well represented in Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands (La Réunion, Mauritius and Rodrigues). Several Psiadia species have been used traditionally for their medicinal properties in Africa and the Mascarene Islands. Based on traditional knowledge, various phytochemical and pharmacological studies have been conducted. However there are no recent papers that provide an overview of the medicinal potential of Psiadia species. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of the botany, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Psiadia and to highlight the gaps in our knowledge for future research opportunities. MATERIALS AND METHODS The available information on traditional uses, phytochemistry and biological activities of the genus Psiadia was collected from scientific databases through a search using the keyword 'Psiadia' in 'Google Scholar', 'Pubmed', 'Sciencedirect', 'SpringerLink', 'Web of Science', 'Wiley' and 'Scifinder'. Additionally, published books and unpublished Ph.D. and MSc. dissertations were consulted for botanical information and chemical composition. RESULTS Historically, species of the genus Psiadia have been used to treat a wide range of ailments including abdominal pains, colds, fevers, bronchitis, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, skin infections and liver disorders among others. Phytochemical works led to the isolation of flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, coumarins and terpenoids. Furthermore, phytochemical compositions of the essential oils of some species have been evaluated. Crude extracts, essential oils and isolated molecules showed in vitro pharmacological activities, such as antimicrobial, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, antiplasmodial and antileishmanial activities. Crude extracts of Psiadia dentata and Psiadia arguta have specifically been found to be potentially useful for inhibition of growth of Plasmodium falciparum. However, pharmacological data on this particular genus is quite limited. Further research is necessary to determine the active compounds and the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshika Mahadeo
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles et des Sciences des Aliments, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de la Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, BP 7151, St Denis Messag Cedex 9, La Réunion 97 715, France.
| | - Isabelle Grondin
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles et des Sciences des Aliments, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de la Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, BP 7151, St Denis Messag Cedex 9, La Réunion 97 715, France.
| | - Hippolyte Kodja
- UMR Qualisud, Université de La Réunion, BP 7151, 15 Avenue René Cassin, 97744 Saint-Denis Cedex 09, La Réunion, France.
| | - Joyce Soulange Govinden
- Department of Agriculture and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Mauritius, Mauritius.
| | | | - Michel Frederich
- Université de Liège, Département de Pharmacie, Centre Interfacultaire de Recherche sur le Médicament (CIRM), Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Campus du Sart-Tilman, Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate, 15 B36 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Anne Gauvin-Bialecki
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles et des Sciences des Aliments, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de la Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, BP 7151, St Denis Messag Cedex 9, La Réunion 97 715, France.
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El Bouzidi L, Ben Bakrim W, Mahiou V, Azas N, Larhsini M, Markouk M, Ollivier E, Bekkouche K. In vitro antiplasmodial activity of Withania frutescens —Solanaceae. Eur J Integr Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Nondo RSO, Moshi MJ, Erasto P, Masimba PJ, Machumi F, Kidukuli AW, Heydenreich M, Zofou D. Anti-plasmodial activity of Norcaesalpin D and extracts of four medicinal plants used traditionally for treatment of malaria. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:167. [PMID: 28340622 PMCID: PMC5366162 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1673-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Background Malaria is an old life-threatening parasitic disease that is still affecting many people, mainly children living in sub-Saharan Africa. Availability of effective antimalarial drugs played a significant role in the treatment and control of malaria. However, recent information on the emergence of P. falciparum parasites resistant to one of the artemisinin-based combination therapies suggests the need for discovery of new drug molecules. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the antiplasmodial activity of extracts, fractions and isolated compound from medicinal plants traditionally used in the treatment of malaria in Tanzania. Methods Dry powdered plant materials were extracted by cold macerations using different solvents. Norcaesalpin D was isolated by column chromatography from dichloromethane root extract of Caesalpinia bonducella and its structure was assigned based on the spectral data. Crude extracts, fractions and isolated compound were evaluated for antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine-sensitive P. falciparum (3D7), chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum (Dd2, K1) and artemisinin-resistant P. falciparum (IPC 5202 Battambang, IPC 4912 Mondolkiri) strains using the parasite lactate dehydrogenase assay. Results The results indicated that extracts of Erythrina schliebenii, Holarrhena pubescens, Dissotis melleri and C. bonducella exhibited antiplasmodial activity against Dd2 parasites. Ethanolic root extract of E. schliebenii had an IC50 of 1.87 μg/mL while methanolic and ethanolic root extracts of H. pubescens exhibited an IC50 = 2.05 μg/mL and IC50 = 2.43 μg/mL, respectively. Fractions from H. pubescens and C. bonducella roots were found to be highly active against K1, Dd2 and artemisinin-resistant parasites. Norcaesalpin D from C. bonducella root extract was active with IC50 of 0.98, 1.85 and 2.13 μg/mL against 3D7, Dd2 and IPC 4912-Mondolkiri parasites, respectively. Conclusions Antiplasmodial activity of norcaesalpin D and extracts of E. schliebenii, H. pubescens, D. melleri and C. bonducella reported in this study requires further attention for the discovery of antimalarial lead compounds for future drug development.
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Tshisekedi Tshibangu P, Mutwale Kapepula P, Kabongo Kapinga MJ, Tujibikila Mukuta A, Kalenda DT, Tchinda AT, Mouithys-Mickalad AA, Jansen O, Cieckiewicz E, Tits M, Angenot L, Frédérich M. Antiplasmodial activity of Heinsia crinita (Rubiaceae) and identification of new iridoids. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 196:261-266. [PMID: 27890637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Heinsia crinita is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of febrile illness and erectile dysfunction. Its stem bark powder is found in some peripheral markets in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) as a remedy against malaria. Investigations were conducted on crude extracts of leaves, fruits and stem barks in view to validate their use and to determine which plant part possesses the best antiplasmodial properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS Different plant parts were extracted with methanol, ethanol and dichloromethane. Based on the preliminary assays, the dichloromethane extract of the stem bark was subjected to fractionation using preparative HPLC system and column chromatography. This step led to the isolation of two new iridoids which had their structures elucidated by NMR, UV, MS and FT-IR spectroscopic techniques. Extracts and pure compounds were tested in vitro against the 3D7 strain of Plasmodium falciparum. The inhibition of the parasite growth was evaluated in vitro by colorimetric method (p-LDH assay) and their cytotoxicity evaluated in vitro against the human non-cancer fibroblast cell line (WI38) through WST1 assay. The in vivo antiplasmodial activity was assessed by the inhibition of Plasmodium berghei growth in infected mice treated with the ethanol extract of H. crinita stem bark at the concentrations of 200 and 300mg/Kg/day per os, using a protocol based on the 4-d suppressive test of Peters and compared to a non-treated negative control group of mice (growth =100%). Finally the antioxidant activity of the same extract was evaluated using ABTS, DPPH and cell-based assays. RESULTS A moderate in vitro antiplasmodial activity was observed for the dichloromethane extract of the stem bark of H. crinita (IC50 =29.2±1.39µg/mL) and for the two new iridoids, lamalbide 6, 7, 8- triacetate (IC50 =16.39±0.43µg/mL) as well as for its aglycone lamiridosin 6, 7, 8-triacetate (IC50 =0.44.56±1.12µg/mL). The ethanolic stem bark extract (200 and 300mg/kg/day, oral route) showed a moderate in vivo antimalarial activity in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice with 27.84±2.75% and 48.54±3.76% of inhibition of the parasite growth, respectively (p<0.01).). This extract displayed high cellular antioxidant activity using dichlorofluorescein-diacetate (DCFDA) on HL-60 monocytes. These crude extracts and pure compounds tested at the higher concentration of 100µg/mL did not show any cytotoxicity against WI38 cells. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that H. crinita extracts possess antimalarial activity and contain some unusual iridoids with moderate antiplasmodial activity, therefore justifying to some extent its traditional use by the local population in DRC for this purpose. This is the first report of the isolation and antiplasmodial activity of these two new iridoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Tshisekedi Tshibangu
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmacy, CIRM, University of Liege (ULg), Avenue Hippocrate, 15 B36, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; University of Kinshasa (UNIKIN), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, P.O. Box 212, Kinshasa XI, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - P Mutwale Kapepula
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmacy, CIRM, University of Liege (ULg), Avenue Hippocrate, 15 B36, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; University of Kinshasa (UNIKIN), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, P.O. Box 212, Kinshasa XI, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - M J Kabongo Kapinga
- University of Kinshasa (UNIKIN), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, P.O. Box 212, Kinshasa XI, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - A Tujibikila Mukuta
- University of Kinshasa (UNIKIN), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, P.O. Box 212, Kinshasa XI, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Dibungi T Kalenda
- University of Kinshasa (UNIKIN), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, P.O. Box 212, Kinshasa XI, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Alembert T Tchinda
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, (IMPM), P.O. Box 13033, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Ange A Mouithys-Mickalad
- Center for Oxygen Research and Development, Institute of Chemistry B6a, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - O Jansen
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmacy, CIRM, University of Liege (ULg), Avenue Hippocrate, 15 B36, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - E Cieckiewicz
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmacy, CIRM, University of Liege (ULg), Avenue Hippocrate, 15 B36, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - M Tits
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmacy, CIRM, University of Liege (ULg), Avenue Hippocrate, 15 B36, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - L Angenot
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmacy, CIRM, University of Liege (ULg), Avenue Hippocrate, 15 B36, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - M Frédérich
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmacy, CIRM, University of Liege (ULg), Avenue Hippocrate, 15 B36, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.
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Antiplasmodial activity of flavan derivatives from rootbark of Cassia abbreviata Oliv. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Adia MM, Emami SN, Byamukama R, Faye I, Borg-Karlson AK. Antiplasmodial activity and phytochemical analysis of extracts from selected Ugandan medicinal plants. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 186:14-19. [PMID: 27019273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Resistance of the parasites to known antimalarial drugs has provided the necessity to find new drugs from natural products against malaria. The aim of the study was to evaluate the in vitro antiplasmodial activity of some plants used by Traditional Medical Practitioners (TMPs) of Prometra and Rukararwe in malaria treatment in Uganda to provide scientific proof of the efficacies claimed by these Herbalists. MATERIALS AND METHODS The air dried samples of Clerodendrum rotundifolium (leaves), Microglossa pyrifolia (leaves), Momordica foetida (leaves) and Zanthoxylum chalybeum (stem bark) used for malaria treatment by TMPs were successively extracted with ethyl acetate, methanol and water to yield twelve extracts. The extracts were tested against the chloroquine-sensitive (NF54) and chloroquine-resistant (FCR3) Plasmodium falciparum strains in vitro using the micro Mark III test which is based on assessing the inhibition of schizont maturation. A compound A was extracted and purified from the stem bark of Z. chalybeum and its structure was identified and confirmed by spectroscopic methods. RESULTS Most of the extracts tested (92%) showed an antiplasmodial activity with IC50<50µg/mL. In spite of successive extractions with different solvents, potent anti-plasmodial activity (IC50<5µg/mL) was observed in the ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous extracts of M. pyrifolia and C. rotundifolium. Preferential enrichments of activity into water (IC50<15µg/mL) and Ethyl acetate (IC50<5µg/mL) were seen in the case of M. foetida and Z. chalybeum respectively. The most active extracts were from C. rotundifolium and M. pyrifolia with IC50 values less than 2µg/mL. Phytochemical analysis of the extracts revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids and cardiac glycocides. Fagaramide isolated from Z. chalybeum had a higher activity (IC50 2.85µg/mL) against the chloroquine-resistant strain than against the chloroquine-senstive (IC50 16.6µg/mL) strain used in the study. CONCLUSION The plant extracts analysed in this study presented an average antiplasmodial activity (58%). This study revealed for the first time the antiplasmodial activity of the plant C. rotundofolium. It's the first time the compound fagaramide (N-isobutyl-3-(3,4-methylene dioxyphenyl)-2E-propenamide) has been isolated from Z. chalybeum as one of the compounds that contribute to the activity of this plant against P. falciparum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madina Mohamed Adia
- Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Seyedeh Noushin Emami
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute (MBW) Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Byamukama
- Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ingrid Faye
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute (MBW) Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna-Karin Borg-Karlson
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kungliga Tekniska Hogskolan (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden
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Douanla PD, Tabopda TK, Tchinda AT, Cieckiewicz E, Frédérich M, Boyom FF, Tsabang N, Yeboah S, Nkengfack AE, Tchuendem MHK. Antrocarines A-F, antiplasmodial ergostane steroids from the stem bark of Antrocaryon klaineanum. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 117:521-526. [PMID: 26232555 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
During a study on the chemistry and biological activity of Antrocaryon klaineanum Pierre, six new sterols including 4,24(28)-ergostadiene-6α,7α-diol (1), 6α-methoxy-4,24(28)-ergostadiene-7α,20S-diol (2), 6α-methoxy-4,24(28)-ergostadien-7α-ol (3), 20S-hydroxy-24(28)-ergosten-3-one (4), 7α-hydroxy-4,24(28)-ergostadien-3-one (5), and 24(28)-ergostene-3β,6α-diol (6) were characterized by physical and spectroscopic means. The known steroids 7 and 8 were also isolated. The crude extract and the isolated compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit the 3D7 strain of Plasmodium falciparum. Compounds 2, 3, and 8 showed potent activity while that of the crude extract was moderate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal D Douanla
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Yaounde-1, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Turibio Kuiate Tabopda
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Yaounde-1, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Alembert T Tchinda
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies, (IMPM), P.O. Box 6163, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Ewa Cieckiewicz
- Université de Liège, Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Centre Interfacultaire de Recherche sur le médicament (CIRM), Département de Pharmacie, Université de Liège, B36, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Michel Frédérich
- Université de Liège, Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Centre Interfacultaire de Recherche sur le médicament (CIRM), Département de Pharmacie, Université de Liège, B36, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Fabrice Fekam Boyom
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Yaounde-1, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Nole Tsabang
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies, (IMPM), P.O. Box 6163, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Samuel Yeboah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Botswana, Private Bag 00704, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Augustin E Nkengfack
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Yaounde-1, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
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Eugene-Ezebilo DN, Ezebilo EE. Home-based malaria management in children by women: Evidence from a malaria endemic community in sub-Saharan Africa. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(15)60831-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Phytochemical screening, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities of the phenolic fraction of Aphloia theiformis (Vahl) Benn. plant used in comorian traditional medicine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10298-014-0875-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Han EB, Chang BY, Jung YS, Kim SY. Lantana camara Induces Apoptosis by Bcl-2 Family and Caspases Activation. Pathol Oncol Res 2014; 21:325-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-014-9824-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Neergheen-Bhujun VS, Munogee N, Coolen V. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory efficacies of polyherbal formulations and elixirs traditionally used in Mauritius for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. J Herb Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Traore MS, Baldé MA, Diallo MST, Baldé ES, Diané S, Camara A, Diallo A, Balde A, Keïta A, Keita SM, Oularé K, Magassouba FB, Diakité I, Diallo A, Pieters L, Baldé AM. Ethnobotanical survey on medicinal plants used by Guinean traditional healers in the treatment of malaria. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 150:1145-1153. [PMID: 24184265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The objective of the present study was to collect and document information on herbal remedies traditionally used for the treatment of malaria in Guinea. MATERIALS AND METHODS The survey was carried out from May 2008 to September 2010 and targeted traditional medical practitioners and herbalists. The questionnaire and oral interviews were based on the standardized model which was prepared by the "Centre de Recherche et de Valorisation des Plantes Médicinales (CRVPM) - Dubréka". RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A total of 258 people (141 males and 117 females) from which 150 traditional healers and 108 herbalists were interviewed. The age of informants ranged from 28 to 82 years old. 57% (149/258) of the interviewees were more than 50 years old. The respondents had good knowledge of the symptoms of malaria, and a fairly good understanding of the causes. One hundred thirteen plant species were recorded, out of which 109 were identified. They belonged to 84 genera and 46 families. The most frequently cited plants were Vismia guineensis, Parkia biglobosa, Nauclea latifolia, Harungana madagascariensis, Terminalia macroptera, Crossopteryx febrifuga, Terminalia albida, Annona senegalensis, and Nauclea pobeguinii. The leaves were most frequently used (80/113 species), followed by stem bark (38/113 species) and roots (4/113 species). The remedies were mostly prepared by decoction (111 species), followed by maceration (seven species). Only one species was prepared by infusion. CONCLUSION The present study showed that traditional healers in Guinea have a consistent knowledge of antimalarial plants. Further research should be carried out to compare the anti-malarial activity of the different species, and to check if their use against malaria can be scientifically validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Traore
- Department of Pharmacy, University Gamal Abdel Nasser of Conakry, Guinea; Research and Valorization Center on Medicinal Plants, Dubréka, Guinea
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Mangwala Kimpende P, Lusakibanza M, Mesia K, Tona L, Tits M, Angenot L, Frédérich M, Van Meervelt L. Isolation, pharmacological activity and structure determination of physalin B and 5β,6β-epoxyphysalin B isolated from Congolese Physalis angulata L. Acta Crystallogr C 2013; 69:1557-62. [PMID: 24311512 DOI: 10.1107/s010827011303117x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Physalis angulata L., an annual herb from the Solanaceae family, is widely used in popular medicine in tropical countries to treat a variety of diseases. Two products, (X) and (Y), were isolated from a crude CH2Cl2 extract of dried Congolese Physalis angulata L. plants and crystallized from acetone for structure elucidation. Compound (X) corresponds to a physalin B dimer acetone solvate hydrate (2C28H30O9·C3H6O·0.22H2O), while compound (Y) crystallizes as a mixed crystal containing two physalin B molecules which overlap with 5β,6β-epoxyphysalin B, also known as physalin F, and one acetone molecule in the asymmetric unit (1.332C28H30O9·0.668C28H30O10·C3H6O). Antiplasmodial activity, cytotoxic activity and selectivity indices were determined for crude extracts and the two isolated products (X) and (Y).
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Underestimating the toxicological challenges associated with the use of herbal medicinal products in developing countries. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:804086. [PMID: 24163821 PMCID: PMC3791562 DOI: 10.1155/2013/804086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Various reports suggest a high contemporaneous prevalence of herb-drug use in both developed and developing countries. The World Health Organisation indicates that 80% of the Asian and African populations rely on traditional medicine as the primary method for their health care needs. Since time immemorial and despite the beneficial and traditional roles of herbs in different communities, the toxicity and herb-drug interactions that emanate from this practice have led to severe adverse effects and fatalities. As a result of the perception that herbal medicinal products have low risk, consumers usually disregard any association between their use and any adverse reactions hence leading to underreporting of adverse reactions. This is particularly common in developing countries and has led to a paucity of scientific data regarding the toxicity and interactions of locally used traditional herbal medicine. Other factors like general lack of compositional and toxicological information of herbs and poor quality of adverse reaction case reports present hurdles which are highly underestimated by the population in the developing world. This review paper addresses these toxicological challenges and calls for natural health product regulations as well as for protocols and guidance documents on safety and toxicity testing of herbal medicinal products.
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Bero J, Hérent MF, Schmeda-Hirschmann G, Frédérich M, Quetin-Leclercq J. In vivo antimalarial activity of Keetia leucantha twigs extracts and in vitro antiplasmodial effect of their constituents. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 149:176-183. [PMID: 23792125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The West African tree Keetia leucantha (Rubiaceae) is used in traditional medicine in Benin to treat malaria. The twigs dichloromethane extract was previously shown to inhibit in vitro Plasmodium falciparum growth with no cytotoxicity (>100µg/ml on human normal fibroblasts). MATERIALS AND METHODS The dichloromethane and aqueous extracts of twigs of K. leucantha were evaluated in vivo against Plasmodium berghei NK 173 by the 4-day suppressive test and in vitro against a chloroquine-sensitive strain of Plasmodium falciparum (3D7) using the measurement of the plasmodial lactate dehydrogenase activity. Bioguided fractionations were realized and compounds were structurally elucidated using extensive spectroscopic analysis. RESULTS The in vivo antimalarial activity of K. leucantha dichloromethane and aqueous twigs extracts were assessed in mice at the dose of 200mg/kg/day. Both extracts exhibited significant effect in inhibiting parasite growth by 56.8% and 53.0% (p<0.0001) on day 7-postinfection. An LC-MS analysis and bioguided fractionations on the twigs dichloromethane extract led to the isolation and structural determination of scopoletin (1), stigmasterol (2), three phenolic compounds: vanillin (3), hydroxybenzaldehyde (4) and ferulaldehyde (5), eight triterpenic esters (6-13), oleanolic acid and ursolic acid. The antiplasmodial activity of the mixture of the eight triterpenic esters showed an antiplasmodial activity of 1.66 ± 0.54 µg/ml on the 3D7 strain, and the same range of activity was observed for isolated isomers mixtures. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report on the in vivo activity of K. leucantha extracts, the isolation of thirteen compounds and analysis of their antiplasmodial activity. The results obtained may partially justify the traditional use of K. leucantha to treat malaria in Benin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Bero
- Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Pharmacognosy Research Group, Avenue E. Mounier, B1 72.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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Jonville MC, Dive G, Angenot L, Bero J, Tits M, Ollivier E, Frédérich M. Dimeric bisindole alkaloids from the stem bark of Strychnos nux-vomica L. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2013; 87:157-63. [PMID: 23219610 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Strychnos nux-vomica L. (Loganiaceae) is famous for its monomeric alkaloid content, such as strychnine, a convulsant poison. The stem bark of the tree is traditionally used to treat intermittent fever in South East Asia. In various studies, it appeared that dimeric indolo-monoterpenic alkaloids possess a promising activity on Plasmodium falciparum. Three bisindolomonoterpenic alkaloids together with strychnochrysine, previously identified in the root bark of S. nux-vomica, were isolated from the stem bark. The structures of these compounds were established using NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Stereochemistry of the compounds was confirmed by molecular modelling. This then allowed the structural determination of strychnoflavine, a coloured bisindole alkaloid previously isolated from the root bark of the tree. Moreover, the conformational inversion in alkaloids possessing an ether bond in the strychnane moiety could be easily predicted by specific δ (13)C NMR values. These longicaudatine-type alkaloids were found to display in vitro antiplasmodial activity against a chloroquine resistant strain and a chloroquine sensitive strain. The most interesting was strychnochrysine showing an IC(50) value at around 10 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Caroline Jonville
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Drug Research Center (CIRM), Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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Kumari P, Sahal D, Jain SK, Chauhan VS. Bioactivity guided fractionation of leaves extract of Nyctanthes arbor tristis (Harshringar) against P falciparum. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51714. [PMID: 23300557 PMCID: PMC3530506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nyctanthes arbor-tristis (Harshringar, Night Jasmine) has been traditionally used in Ayurveda, Unani and other systems of medicine in India. The juice of its leaves has been used by various tribal populations of India in treatment of fevers resembling malaria. Aim of the study This work reports the antiplasmodial activity guided fractionation of Harshringar leaves extract. Methodology Crude ethanolic Harshringar leaves extract and its RPHPLC purified fractions were studied for antiplasmodial potency against 3D7 (CQ sensitive) and Dd2 (CQ resistant) strains of P.falciparum and subsequently subjected to bioassay guided fractionation using reverse phase chromatography to pursue the isolation of active fractions. Principal Findings Harshringar crude leaves extract and some of its RPHPLC purified fractions exhibited promising antiplasmodial potency against 3D7 and Dd2 strains of P.falciparum. Conclusions The present study has provided scientific validity to the traditional use of leaves extract of Harshringar against malaria leading to the conclusion that this plant holds promise with respect to antimalarial phytotherapy. This is the first scientific report of antiplasmodial activity of RPHPLC fractions of Harshringar leaves extract against P.falciparum strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinky Kumari
- Malaria Research Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Dinkar Sahal
- Malaria Research Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - S. K. Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Virander S. Chauhan
- Malaria Research Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail:
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Venkatesalu V, Gopalan N, Pillai CR, Singh V, Chandrasekaran M, Senthilkumar A, Chandramouli N. In vitro anti-plasmodial activity of some traditionally used medicinal plants against Plasmodium falciparum. Parasitol Res 2012; 111:497-501. [PMID: 22290450 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-2834-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The anti-plasmodial activity of different solvent extracts of Adhatoda vasica (root), Caesalpinia pulcherrima (leaf), Carica papaya (pulp), Erythroxylum monogynum (leaf), Lantana camara (whole plant), Ocimum sanctum (root) and Phyllanthus niruri (whole plant) were studied against Plasmodium falciparum. Of the 35 extracts tested, seven extracts showed good anti-plasmodial activity. Methanol extract of C. pulcherrima showed the lowest IC50 value (10.96 μg/mL) followed by methanol extract of A. vasica (IC(50)=11.1 μg/mL), chloroform extract of O. sanctum (IC(50)=11.47 μg/mL), methanol extract of E. monogynum (IC(50)=12.23 μg/mL), acetone extract of C. pulcherrima (IC(50)=12.49 μg/mL), methanol extract of O. sanctum and acetone extract of A. vasica (IC(50)=14.04 μg/mL). The results of the present study justify the use of these medicinal plants in traditional practice, and also, a further study on the isolation of anti-plasmodial molecules from their active crude extracts is in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Venkatesalu
- Department of Botany, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002 Tamil Nadu, India.
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Kamaraj C, Kaushik NK, Rahuman AA, Mohanakrishnan D, Bagavan A, Elango G, Zahir AA, Santhoshkumar T, Marimuthu S, Jayaseelan C, Kirthi AV, Rajakumar G, Velayutham K, Sahal D. Antimalarial activities of medicinal plants traditionally used in the villages of Dharmapuri regions of South India. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 141:796-802. [PMID: 22433533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE An ethnopharmacological investigation of medicinal plants traditionally used to treat diseases associated with fevers in Dharmapuri region of South India was undertaken. Twenty four plants were identified and evaluated for their in vitro activity against Plasmodium falciparum and assessed for cytotoxicity against HeLa cell line. AIM OF THE STUDY This antimalarial in vitro study was planned to correlate and validate the traditional usage of medicinal plants against malaria. MATERIALS AND METHODS An ethnobotanical survey was made in Dharmapuri region, Tamil Nadu, India to identify plants used in traditional medicine against fevers. Selected plants were extracted with ethyl acetate and methanol and evaluated for antimalarial activity against erythrocytic stages of chloroquine (CQ)-sensitive 3D7 and CQ-resistant INDO strains of Plasmodium falciparum in culture using the fluorescence-based SYBR Green I assay. Cytotoxicity was determined against HeLa cells using MTT assay. RESULTS Promising antiplasmodial activity was found in Aegle marmelos [leaf methanol extract (ME) (IC(50)=7 μg/mL] and good activities were found in Lantana camara [leaf ethyl acetate extract (EAE) IC(50)=19 μg/mL], Leucas aspera (flower EAE IC(50)=12.5 μg/mL), Momordica charantia (leaf EAE IC(50)=17.5 μg/mL), Phyllanthus amarus (leaf ME IC(50)=15 μg/mL) and Piper nigrum (seed EAE IC(50)=12.5 μg/mL). The leaf ME of Aegle marmelos which showed the highest activity against Plasmodium falciparum elicited low cytotoxicity (therapeutic index>13). CONCLUSION These results provide validation for the traditional usage of some medicinal plants against malaria in Dharmapuri region, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinnaperumal Kamaraj
- Unit of Nanotechnology and Bioactive Natural Products, Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam 632509, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India
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