1
|
Wang S, Hu Y, Liu B, Li Y, Wang M, Sun Q. Lignan Intake and Type 2 Diabetes Incidence Among US Men and Women. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2426367. [PMID: 39110458 PMCID: PMC11307137 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.26367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Lignans are phytoestrogens abundant in Western diets and may be associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk. Objective To prospectively investigate associations between lignan intake and T2D incidence. Design, Setting, and Participants Population-based cohort study of US men and women enrolled in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS, 1984-2018), NHSII (1991-2019), and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS, 1986-2020), as well as 496 participants from the Men's Lifestyle Validation Study (MLVS). Participants were free of T2D, cardiovascular disease, and cancer at baseline. Data were analyzed from November 2022 to July 2023. Exposures Total and individual lignans were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire, which was updated every 2 to 4 years. In the MLVS, lignan intake was measured using 2 sets of 7-day diet records (7DDRs). Main Outcomes and Measures Incident T2D cases were confirmed using American Diabetes Association diagnostic criteria. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess multivariable-adjusted associations. Results The current study included 201 111 participants (mean [SD] age, 44.7 [10.1] years; 161 169 female participants [80.2%]; 2614 African American participants [1.3%], 1609 Asian participants [0.8%], 2414 Hispanic and other race or ethnicity participants [1.2%], and 194 474 White participants [96.7%]) from the HPFS, NHS, and NHSII studies. The median (IQR) total lignan intake of the highest quintile ranged from 355.1 (330.2-396.9) μg/d in NHS to 459.9 (422.2-519.5) μg/d in HPFS at the median follow-up time. Over 5 068 689 person-years, 20 291 incident cases of T2D were identified. Higher lignan intake was inversely associated with T2D incidence, except for lariciresinol. The multivariable-adjusted pooled hazard ratios (HRs) for the highest vs lowest quintiles were 0.87 (95% CI, 0.83-0.91) for total lignans, 0.72 (95% CI, 0.69-0.76) for secoisolariciresinol, 0.92 (95% CI, 0.87-0.96) for pinoresinol, 0.93 (95% CI, 0.89-0.98) for matairesinol, and 0.99 (95% CI, 0.94-1.04) for lariciresinol. Secoisolariciresinol intake exhibited a significant inverse association with T2D risk among individuals with obesity (HR, 0.75 for body mass index [BMI] ≥30; 95% CI, 0.71-0.79 vs HR, 0.82 for BMI <25; 95% CI, 0.81-0.83; P < .001 for interaction) and premenopausal women (HR, 0.67 for premenopausal women; 95% CI, 0.65-0.69 vs HR, 0.82 for the past use of hormones; 95% CI, 0.76-0.88; P = .003 for interaction). Dietary lignan assessed with 7DDRs was associated with lower HbA1c levels (percentage change range from -0.92% to 1.50%), as well as lower C-reactive protein levels and better lipid profiles. Conclusions and Relevance This cohort study found that long-term lignan consumption was associated with a lower T2D risk, particularly among individuals with obesity and premenopausal women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyue Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Binkai Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Molin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yuan L, Zhao J, Liu Y, Zhao J, Olnood CG, Xu YJ, Liu Y. Multiomics analysis revealed the mechanism of the anti-diabetic effect of Salecan. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 327:121694. [PMID: 38171651 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Salecan, a natural β-glucan compromising nine residues connected by β-(1 → 3)/α-(1 → 3) glycosidic bonds, is one of the newly approved food ingredients. Salecan has multiple health-improving effects, yet its mechanism against Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains poorly understood. In this study, the hypoglycemic effect and underlying mechanism of Salecan intervention on STZ-induced diabetic model mice were investigated. After 8 weeks of gavage, Salecan attenuated insulin resistance and repaired pancreatic β cells in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, Salecan supplement remodel the structure of the gut microbiota and altered the level of intestinal metabolites. Serum metabolites, especially unsaturated fatty acids, were also affected significantly. In addition, tight junction proteins in the colon and autophagy-related proteins in the pancreas were upregulated. Multiomics analysis indicated that Lactobacillus johnsonii, Muribaculaceae, and Lachnoclostridium were highly associated with fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFA) levels in the colon, accordingly enhancing arachidonic acid and linoleic acid in serum, and promoting GLP-1 release in the intestine and insulin secretion in the pancreas, thus relieving insulin resistance and exhibiting hypoglycemic effects. These findings provide a novel understanding of the anti-diabetic effect of Salecan in mice from a molecular perspective, paving the way for the wide use of Salecan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Sichuan Synlight Biotech Ltd, 88 Keyuan South Road, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jialiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Guang Olnood
- Sichuan Synlight Biotech Ltd, 88 Keyuan South Road, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong-Jiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yuanfa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sun P, Pan YB, Ma RF, Zhao XC, Wang YY, Miao L, Zhang H. Structurally Diverse Sesquiterpenoids with NO Production and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities from the Fruits of Schisandra chinensis. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202301203. [PMID: 37679302 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Chemical fractionation of the AcOEt partition, generated from the EtOH extract of the fruits of Schisandra chinensis, afforded a series of sesquiterpenyl constituents including two new cadinanes, a new eudesmane, two new widdranes (a handling artefact and a new natural product), a new bisabolane and two new natural cuparane enantiomers, along with 15 known structurally related analogs. Structures of the new compounds were unambiguously characterized by interpretation of detailed spectroscopic data including ESI-MS and 1D/2D NMR, with their absolute configurations being established by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation and induced ECD experiment. The inhibitory effects of all the isolates against α-glucosidase and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced nitric oxide (NO) production in murine RAW264.7 macrophages, as well as their antibacterial and cytotoxic potential, were evaluated, with selective compounds showing moderate α-glucosidase and NO inhibitory activity. Notably, canangaterpene III exhibited the most significant NO inhibitory effect with an IC50 value of 31.50±1.49 μM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Sun
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, 336 West Road of Nan Xinzhuang, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Yin-Bo Pan
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, 336 West Road of Nan Xinzhuang, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Ren-Fen Ma
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, 336 West Road of Nan Xinzhuang, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Xue-Chun Zhao
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, 336 West Road of Nan Xinzhuang, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Yin-Yin Wang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, 336 West Road of Nan Xinzhuang, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Lei Miao
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, 336 West Road of Nan Xinzhuang, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, 336 West Road of Nan Xinzhuang, Jinan, 250022, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li T, Zhao Y, Yuan L, Zhang D, Feng Y, Hu H, Hu D, Liu J. Total dietary flavonoid intake and risk of cardiometabolic diseases: A dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:2760-2772. [PMID: 36148848 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2126427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Several epidemiological studies have suggested that flavonoid intake is associated with a decreased risk of cardiometabolic disease. However, the results remained inconsistent and there is no dose-response meta-analysis for specific outcomes. We conducted a meta-analysis to synthesize the knowledge about their associations and to explore their dose-response relationships. We comprehensively searched the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases for prospective cohort studies published up to December 1, 2021. Summary relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were pooled for the association between flavonoid intake and cardiometabolic disease. Evaluations of linear or nonlinear dose-response were presented by restricted cubic splines. We identified 47 articles, including 1,346 676 participants and 127,507 cases in this meta-analysis. The summary of RR per 500 mg/d increase in flavonoid intake was 0.93 (95% CI 0.88-0.98) for cardiovascular disease, 0.89 (95% CI 0.84-0.94) for diabetes, and 0.97 (95% CI 0.94-0.99) for hypertension, respectively. We also found a linearity dose-response association between total flavonoid intake and cardiovascular disease (p nonlinearity = 0.541), and diabetes (p nonlinearity = 0.077). Our finding based on quantitative data suggested that a higher level of flavonoid intake is beneficial for the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianze Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yifei Feng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifang Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaye Liu
- School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Patyra A, Kołtun-Jasion M, Jakubiak O, Kiss AK. Extraction Techniques and Analytical Methods for Isolation and Characterization of Lignans. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172323. [PMID: 36079704 PMCID: PMC9460740 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lignans are a group of natural polyphenols present in medicinal plants and in plants which are a part of the human diet for which more and more pharmacological activities, such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, and cytoprotective, are being reported. However, it is their cytotoxic activities that are best understood and which have shed light on this group. Two anticancer drugs, etoposide, and teniposide, were derived from a potent cytotoxic agent—podophyllotoxin from the roots of Podophyllum peltatum. The evidence from clinical and observational studies suggests that human microbiota metabolites (enterolactone, enterodiol) of dietary lignans (secoisolariciresinol, pinoresinol, lariciresinol, matairesinol, syringaresinol, medioresinol, and sesamin) are associated with a reduced risk of some hormone-dependent cancers. The biological in vitro, pharmacological in vivo investigations, and clinical studies demand significant amounts of pure compounds, as well as the use of well-defined and standardized extracts. That is why proper extract preparation, optimization of lignan extraction, and identification are crucial steps in the development of lignan use in medicine. This review focuses on lignan extraction, purification, fractionation, separation, and isolation methods, as well as on chromatographic, spectrometric, and spectroscopic techniques for their qualitative and quantitative analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Patyra
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (A.K.K.); Tel.: +48-662-11-77-90 (A.P.); +48-511-13-98-03 (A.K.K.)
| | - Małgorzata Kołtun-Jasion
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Oktawia Jakubiak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Karolina Kiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (A.K.K.); Tel.: +48-662-11-77-90 (A.P.); +48-511-13-98-03 (A.K.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lee YS, Kim SM, Park EJ, Lee HJ. Anti-arthritic effects of Schisandra chinensis extract in monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis rats. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:2261-2272. [PMID: 36059019 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of Schisandra chinensis (SC) extract on clinical symptoms of osteoarthritis and the modulating effect on the mechanisms associated with the progression of osteoarthritis in a rat model of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis-induced rats were randomized into four groups: MIA injection control (MC), MIA injection with celecoxib (PC), MIA injection with SC extract 100 mg/kg (SC100), and MIA injection with SC extract 200 mg/kg (SC200). Another healthy group received a saline injection as a negative control (NC). During the treatment, weight-bearing measurements were performed once a week for 4 weeks. Histopathological and biochemical analyses of the joints, blood, and chondrocyte tissue were performed following the completion of treatment. Compared with MC rats, SC rats demonstrated significantly alleviated pain behavior, bone erosion, and cartilage degradation. SC reduced serum levels of matrix metalloproteinases and pro-inflammatory cytokines. SC treatment also reversed the levels of biomarkers such as Collagen II and ADAMTS4 in the cartilage tissue. Moreover, SC administration inhibited the phosphorylation levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and NF-κB Inhibitor alpha. This study demonstrates that SC ameliorated osteoarthritis at in vivo level. Our results suggest that SC might be a potential therapeutic agent for osteoarthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- You-Suk Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea.,Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Min Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea. .,Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hae-Jeung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea. .,Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, Gyeonggi-do, 21999, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Iversen KN, Jonsson K, Landberg R. The Effect of Rye-Based Foods on Postprandial Plasma Insulin Concentration: The Rye Factor. Front Nutr 2022; 9:868938. [PMID: 35757252 PMCID: PMC9218669 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.868938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of whole grain has been associated with lower incidence of type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and their risk factors including improved glycemic control. In comparison with other whole grain products, rye bread has been shown to induce lower insulin response in the postprandial phase, without affecting the glucose response. This phenomenon has been referred to as the “rye factor” and is being explored in this review where we summarize the findings from meal and extended meal studies including rye-based foods. Overall, results from intervention studies showed that rye-based foods vs. (wheat) control foods had positive effect on both insulin and glucose responses in the postprandial phase, rather than on insulin alone. Mechanistic studies have shown that the rye factor phenomenon might be due to slowing of the glucose uptake in the intestine. However, this has also been shown for wheat-based bread and is likely an effect of structural properties of the investigated foods rather than the rye per se. More carefully controlled studies where standardized structural properties of different cereals are linked to the postprandial response are needed to further elucidate the underlying mechanisms and determinants for the effect of specific cereals and product traits on postprandial glycemic control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kia Nøhr Iversen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Jonsson
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Singh D, Sharma S, Choudhary M, Kaur P, Budhwar V. Role of Plant Derived Products Through Exhilarating Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor-γ (ppar-γ) in the Amelioration of Obesity Induced Insulin Resistance. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401318666220217111415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Insulin resistance is an elemental facet of the etiology of diabetes mellitus and the principal relating factor between obesity and diabetes. Oxidative stress, lipotoxicity, inflammation and receptor dysfunction are the underlying determinants of insulin resistance commencement in metabolic illnesses. ppar-γ is a nuclear transcription factor whose activation or inhibition directly influences insulin resistance and controls glucose and lipid homeostasis by modulating gene expression. Synthetic ligands of ppar-γ are therapeutically employed to counter the hyper-glycaemia associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes, but they possess severe side effects. In the modern era, bioactive phytochemicals have been employed in the drug development process and a considerable investigation has recently been initiated to analyze the ppar-γ activating ability of diverse phytochemicals. In this review, we outlined the role of phytochemicals in insulin resistance treatment through ppar-γ activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devender Singh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University-136118, Haryana, India
| | - Sachin Sharma
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University-136118, Haryana, India
| | - Manjusha Choudhary
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University-136118, Haryana, India
| | - Prabhjeet Kaur
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University-136118, Haryana, India
| | - Vikas Budhwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Scinces, Maharishi Dyanand University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang K, Qiu J, Huang Z, Yu Z, Wang W, Hu H, You Y. A comprehensive review of ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. and Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd. et Wils. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 284:114759. [PMID: 34678416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Schisandra chinensis (called bei-wuweizi in Chinese, S. chinensis) and Schisandra sphenanthera (called nan-wuweizi in Chinese, S. sphenanthera) are two highly similar plants in the Magnoliaceae family. Their dried ripe fruits are commonly used as traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of coughs, palpitation, spermatorrhea, and insomnia. They also are traditionally used as tonics in Russia, Japan, and Korea. AIM OF THE REVIEW S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera are similar in appearance, traditional applications, ingredient compositions, and therapeutic effects. This review, therefore, aims to provide a systematic insight into the botanical background, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, quality control, and toxicology of S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera, and to explore and present the similarities and differences between S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive literature search regarding S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera was collected by using electronic databases including PubMed, SciFinder, Science Direct, Web of Science, CNKI, and the online ethnobotanical database. RESULTS In the 2020 Edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (ChP), there were 100 prescriptions containing S. chinensis, while only 11 contained S. sphenanthera. Totally, 306 and 238 compounds have been isolated and identified from S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera, respectively. Among these compounds, lignans, triterpenoids, essential oils, phenolic acid, flavonoids, phytosterols are the major composition. Through investigation of pharmacological activities, S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera have similar therapeutic effects including hepatoprotection, neuroprotection, cardioprotection, anticancer, antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and hypoglycemic effect. Besides, S. chinensis turns out to have more effects including reproductive regulation and immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antitussive and antiasthmatic, anti-fatigue, antiarthritic, and bone remodeling effects. Both S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera have inhibitory effects on CYP3A and P-gp, which can mediate metabolism or efflux of substrates, and therefore interact with many drugs. CONCLUSIONS S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera have great similarities. Dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans are regarded to contribute to most of the bioactivities. Schisandrin A-C, schisandrol A-B, and schisantherin A, existing in both S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera but differing in the amount, are the main active components, which may contribute to the similarities and differences. Study corresponding to the traditional use is needed to reveal the deep connotation of the use of S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera as traditional Chinese medicine. In addition, a joint study of S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera can better show the difference between them, which can provide a reference for clinical application. It is worth mentioning that the inhibition of S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera on CYP3A and P-gp may lead to undesirable drug-drug interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Jing Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Zecheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Ziwei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Wenjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Huiling Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yu You
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pan SY, Zhang Y, Song XL, Lin ZH, Yu Q, Tai HC, Luo G, Wang XY, Zhu PL, Sun N, Chu ZS, Yu ZL, Ko KM, Zhang Y. Schisandrae Fructus oil-induced elevation in serum triglyceride and lipoprotein concentrations associated with physiologic hepatomegaly in mice. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/2221-1691.335694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
11
|
Nurcahyanti ADR, Jap A, Lady J, Prismawan D, Sharopov F, Daoud R, Wink M, Sobeh M. Function of selected natural antidiabetic compounds with potential against cancer via modulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR cascade. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112138. [PMID: 34750026 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder with growing global incidence, as 387 million people were diagnosed in 2014 with an expected projection of 642 million in 2040. Several complications are associated with DM including heart attack, stroke, kidney failure, blindness, and cancer. The latter is the second leading cause of death worldwide accounting for one in every six deaths, with liver, pancreas, and endometrium cancers are the most abundant among patients with diabetes. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway plays a vital role in developing a wide array of pathological disorders, among them diabetes and cancer. Natural secondary metabolites that counteract the deleterious effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and modulate PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway could be a promising approach in cancer therapy. Here, 717 medicinal plants with antidiabetic activities were highlighted along with 357 bioactive compounds responsible for the antidiabetic activity. Also, 43 individual plant compounds with potential antidiabetic activities against cancer via the modulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR cascade were identified. Taken together, the available data give an insight of the potential of repurposing medicinal plants and/or the individual secondary metabolites with antidiabetic activities for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Dwi Retno Nurcahyanti
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Pluit Raya 2, 14440 Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Adeline Jap
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Pluit Raya 2, 14440 Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Jullietta Lady
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Pluit Raya 2, 14440 Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Deka Prismawan
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Pluit Raya 2, 14440 Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Farukh Sharopov
- Chinese-Tajik Innovation Center for Natural Products, National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, Ayni str. 299/2, 734063, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
| | - Rachid Daoud
- African Genome Center, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mansour Sobeh
- AgroBiosciences Research, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660-Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150 Ben-Guerir, Morocco.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lee D, Kim YM, Kim HW, Choi YK, Park BJ, Joo SH, Kang KS. Schisandrin C Affects Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion in Pancreatic β-Cells and Glucose Uptake in Skeletal Muscle Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216509. [PMID: 34770916 PMCID: PMC8587027 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of three lignans (schisandrol A, schisandrol B, and schisandrin C) on insulin secretion in rat INS-1 pancreatic β-cells and glucose uptake in mouse C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. Schisandrol A and schisandrin C enhanced insulin secretion in response to high glucose levels with no toxic effects on INS-1 cells. The effect of schisandrin C was superior to that of gliclazide (positive control), a drug commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes (T2D). In addition, western blot analysis showed that the expression of associated proteins, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX-1), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, and insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2), was increased in INS-1 cells after treatment with schisandrin C. In addition, insulin secretion effect of schisandrin C were enhanced by the Bay K 8644 (L-type Ca2+ channel agonist) and glibenclamide (K+ channel blocker), were abolished by the nifedipine (L-type Ca2+ channel blocker) and diazoxide (K+ channel activator). Moreover, schisandrin C enhanced glucose uptake with no toxic effects on C2C12 cells. Western blot analysis showed that the expression of associated proteins, including insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), PI3K, Akt, glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT-4), was increased in C2C12 cells after treatment with schisandrin C. Schisandrin C may improve hyperglycemia by enhancing insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells and improving glucose uptake into skeletal muscle cells. Our findings may provide evidence that schisandrin C may be beneficial in devising novel anti-T2D strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dahae Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea;
| | - Young-Mi Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea; (Y.-M.K.); (H.W.K.)
| | - Hyun Woo Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea; (Y.-M.K.); (H.W.K.)
| | - You-Kyoung Choi
- Department of Korean International Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea;
| | - Bang Ju Park
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea;
| | - Sang Hoon Joo
- College of Pharmacy, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.H.J.); (K.S.K.); Tel.: +82-53-850-3614 (S.H.J.); +82-31-750-5402 (K.S.K.)
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.H.J.); (K.S.K.); Tel.: +82-53-850-3614 (S.H.J.); +82-31-750-5402 (K.S.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ding XY, Zhang Y, Wang L, Zhuang HF, Chen WY, Wang YH. Collection calendar: the diversity and local knowledge of wild edible plants used by Chenthang Sherpa people to treat seasonal food shortages in Tibet, China. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2021; 17:40. [PMID: 34112198 PMCID: PMC8190990 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-021-00464-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wild edible plants (WEPs) are non-cultivated and non-domesticated plants used for food. WEPs provided food, nutrition, herbs and other plant products for people in underdeveloped areas, such as the Everest region, to maintain their daily lives. Chenthang Town is the only Sherpa ethnic township in Tibet, China. The core purpose of this research is to investigate, collect and record the WEPs and related local knowledge and functions within the Sherpa community. The ultimate goal is to answer the question of why Sherpa people choose these particular plants. MATERIALS AND METHODS The field study was carried out in the six Sherpa communities of Chenthang Township from September 2019 to August 2020. The WEPs and related local knowledge were collected through semistructured interviews and direct observations. The field work was performed with the assistance of local guides. During the field survey, we collected plant specimens based on the principle of one plant with one vernacular name. In this study, we utilised a use report (UR) and cultural importance index (CI) to evaluate the comprehensive utilization value of WEPs in the daily diet of Sherpa people. RESULTS We interviewed 78 people individually who provided us with 1199 use reports. In total, we collected 84 WEPs belonging to 65 genera in 41 families. These species were identified as 78 distinct ethno-species by local people, and the vernacular name of each ethno-species was recorded. Then, these use reports were classified into six use categories. All these plants were native wild plants. In these plants, Arisaema utile, Sorbus cuspidata and Elaeagnus umbellata have been introduced into home gardens by local people. Following the description of the Sherpa people, we articulated a collection calendar for WEPs. The Sherpa collect WEPs throughout nearly the entire year, January and February being the exceptions. CONCLUSION The collection calendar of wild edible plants reflects the wisdom of the Sherpa in terms of survival. The Sherpa cleverly survive the food shortage periods by harnessing the phenology of different species. In general, WEPs can provide the Sherpa with seasonal carbohydrates, nutrition, healthcare supplements and other products and services necessary for survival, which is likely why the Sherpa choose these plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yong Ding
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Hui-Fu Zhuang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Wen-Yun Chen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yu-Hua Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cho YH, Lee SY, Lee CH, Park JH, So YS. Effect of Schisandra chinensis Baillon extracts and regular low-intensity exercise on muscle strength and mass in older adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113:1440-1446. [PMID: 33710261 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies suggest that Schisandra chinensis Baillon (Sc) may enhance muscle strength and mass because of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine the effects and safety of consumption of Sc extract (SCe) for 12 wk on muscle strength and mass in older adults with relatively low muscle mass who do low-intensity exercise. METHODS A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed in adults >50 y of age. Fifty-four participants were randomly assigned into 2 groups and, for 12 wk, received either 1 g SCe/d or a placebo. All participants were required to walk for 30-60 min/d for >3 d/wk during the trial period. At baseline and at 4 and 12 wk after treatment, the participants were examined for knee extension strength using Biodex isokinetic dynamometers, handgrip strengths, and body composition, and blood tests were performed. The Euro-QoL-5D (EQ-5D) questionnaire and the FFQ were administered at baseline and at 12 wk after treatment. Physical activity was assessed using a self-recorded daily exercise log and an accelerometer during the study. RESULTS SCe supplementation over 12 wk caused a higher increase in right knee extensor strength by 10.2 Nm (95% CI: 3.7, 16.8 Nm; P = 0.003) and left knee extensor strength by 6.7 Nm (95% CI: 0.3, 13.1 Nm; P = 0.041) than did the placebo. However, no differences were observed in the muscle mass, anti-inflammatory markers, antioxidative markers, and EQ-5D score between the groups. None of the participants experienced adverse events. CONCLUSIONS SCe supplementation may enhance skeletal muscle strength but not mass in older adults who perform low-intensity exercise. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03402308.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young H Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Y Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Education, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hyung Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Park
- Health Convergence Medicine Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong S So
- Department of Physical Education, Dong-A University, Pusan, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Evaluation of Beneficial and Adverse Effects of a Diet Supplemented with Schisandrae Fructus Seed Ethanol Extract on Lipid and Glucose Metabolism in Normal and Hypercholesterolemic/Hyperglycemic Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:8858962. [PMID: 33688367 PMCID: PMC7920717 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8858962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Schisandrae Fructus (SF), the fruit of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baillon, has been used for the treatment of liver injury and metabolism-related disorders in China. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of supplementation with ethanol extract of SF seed (EtSF-S) on serum/hepatic lipid and glucose levels as well as fecal total cholesterol (TC) contents in mice fed a normal diet (ND) or high-fat/fructose diet (HFFD) containing 15% lard oil and 15% fructose. Female ICR mice (18–20 g in body weight) were fed with ND or HFFD for 3 months, and then EtSF-S was added to both chow diets at increasing concentrations of 1, 5, and 10% (w/w). Thirty days later, serum and hepatic lipids, including TC, triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and glucose, were measured. Dietary supplementation with EtSF-S reduced hepatic TC (36 and 18%) and TG levels (38 and 28%) and increased serum HDL/LDL ratio (16 and 26%) in both ND- and HFFD-fed mice, respectively. Moreover, supplementation with EtSF-S elevated serum HDL (31%) in HFFD-fed mice and reduced serum LDL (27%) in ND-fed mice. EtSF-S treatment reduced fat mass (40%) in ND-fed mice and increased fecal TC contents (33%) in HFFD-fed mice. EtSF-S supplementation decreased hepatic glucose contents (29%) in both ND- and HFFD-fed mice. However, diet supplemented with EtSF-S elevated serum TG levels (up to 123%) and hepatic size (28%), but more importantly, suppressed the body weight gain (approximately 130%) in mice fed with HFFD. These findings suggested that dietary supplementation with EtSF-S as natural herbal function food may be a useful strategy for the treatment of patients with fatty liver disease or overweight without a high intake of sugar and fat.
Collapse
|
16
|
Tong XL, Bauer R, Nöst X, Pferschy-Wenzig EM, Yu XT, Li M. Comprehensive metabolic profiling of modified gegen qinlian decoction by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-Q-exactive-orbitrap-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry and application of high-performance thin-layer chromatography for its fingerprint analysis. WORLD JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_63_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
17
|
Inhibitory Effectiveness of Gomisin A, a Dibenzocyclooctadiene Lignan Isolated from Schizandra chinensis, on the Amplitude and Gating of Voltage-Gated Na + Current. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228816. [PMID: 33233411 PMCID: PMC7700137 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gomisin A (Gom A), a lignan isolated from Schisandra chinensis, has been reported produce numerous biological activities. However, its action on the ionic mechanisms remains largely unanswered. The present experiments were undertaken to investigate the possible perturbations of Gom A or other related compounds on different types of membrane ionic currents in electrically excitable cells (i.e., pituitary GH3 and pancreatic INS-1 cells). The exposure to Gom A led to the differential inhibition of peak and end-pulse components of voltage-gated Na+ current (INa) in GH3 cells with effective IC50 of 6.2 and 0.73 μM, respectively. The steady-state inactivation curve of INa in the presence of Gom A was shifted towards a more hyperpolarized potential. However, neither changes in the overall current-voltage relationship nor those for the gating charge of the current were demonstrated. The application of neither morin (10 μM) nor hesperidin (10 μM) perturbed the strength of INa, while sesamine could suppress it. However, in the continued presence of Gom A, the addition of sesamine failed to suppress INa further. Gom A also effectively suppressed the strength of persistent INa activated by long ramp voltage command, and further application of tefluthrin effectively attenuated Gom A-mediated inhibition of the current. The presence of Gom A mildly inhibited erg-mediated K+ current, while a lack of change in the amplitude of hyperpolarization-activated cation current was observed in its presence. Under cell-attached current recordings, the exposure to Gom A resulted in the decreased firing of spontaneous action currents with a minimal change in AC amplitude. In pancreatic INS-1 cells, the presence of Gom A was also noticed to inhibit peak and end-pulse components of INa differentially with the IC50 of 5.9 and 0.84 μM, respectively. Taken together, the emerging results presented herein provide the evidence that Gom A can differentially inhibit peak and sustained INa in endocrine cells (e.g., GH3 and INS-1 cells).
Collapse
|
18
|
Leis K, Baska A, Mazur E, Kaczor P, Racinowski M, Gałązka P. Schisandrins impact on the efficiency of human body: A review. Sci Sports 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
19
|
Xu JB, Gao GC, Yuan MJ, Huang X, Zhou HY, Zhang Y, Zheng YX, Wu Z, Feng JM, Wu JM. Lignans from Schisandra chinensis ameliorate alcohol and CCl 4-induced long-term liver injury and reduce hepatocellular degeneration via blocking ETBR. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 258:112813. [PMID: 32259665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chemical hepatotoxicity, especially alcoholic liver injury (ALI), commonly occurs in young and middle-aged people who drink heavily. ALI is extremely harmful and can induce severe disease states, such as hepatitis, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, or liver cancer, which are similar to CCl4-induced liver disease states in animals. In recent studies, the pathological changes of hepatocytes and the hepatic stellate cell have shown a significant connection between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the development of liver pathology in patients. However, the detailed pathological mechanism needs to be further studied. Schisandra chinensis, (S. chinensis), a fruit-bearing vine used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), has been used to treat chronic or acute diseases, including liver disease. S. chinensis-derived lignans (SCDLs) in particular have been shown to alleviate liver pathological changes. AIM OF THE STUDY This study sought to elucidate the mechanisms underlying SCDL-mediated hepatoprotection. MATERIALS AND METHODS We first used in silico target prediction and computational simulation methods to identify putative lignan-binding targets relative to the hepatoprotective effect. A gene microarray analysis was performed to identify differently expressed genes that might have significance in the disease pathological process. We then used histological analyses in a mice hepatotoxicity model to test the effectiveness of SCDLs in vivo, and a hepatocellular toxicity model to analyze the candidate-compound-mediated hepatoprotection and expression states of the key targets in vitro. RESULTS The in silico analysis results indicated that endothelin receptor B (ETBR/EDNRB) is likely a significant node during the liver pathological change process and a promising key target for the SCDL compound schisantherin D on the hepatoprotective effect; experimental studies showed that schisantherin D alleviated the EtOH- and ET-1-induced HL-7702 cell (belongs to liver parenchymal cell lines) injury ratio, decreased the expression of ETBR, and inhibited ECMs and ET-1 secretion in LX-2 cells (one form of hepatic stellate cells). SCDLs ameliorated EtOH- and CCl4-induced fibrosis formation in mice liver tissue. Liver tissue western blots of SCDL-treated mice showed downregulated α-SMA, ETBR, PLCβ, CHOP, Bax, and the apoptotic factors of cleaved-caspase 12, cleaved-caspase 9, and cleaved-caspase 3 hinted at an anti-apoptosis and hepatoprotective effect. The SCDL treatment also elevated serum glutathione (GSH) and reduced the serum-transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) level. CONCLUSION The findings indicated that SCDLs prevent hepatotoxicity via their anti-fibrotic, anti-oxidant, and anti-apoptosis properties. ETBR may be the key factor in promoting chemical hepatotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Biao Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Guang-Chun Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Ming-Jing Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Xuan Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Hong-Yu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, China
| | - Ya-Xin Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Specific Structure of Small Molecule Drugs, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Zhe Wu
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, 132022, China
| | - Jun-Miao Feng
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, 132022, China
| | - Ji-Ming Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wu L, Guo C, Wu J. Therapeutic potential of PPARγ natural agonists in liver diseases. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:2736-2748. [PMID: 32031298 PMCID: PMC7077554 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a vital subtype of the PPAR family. The biological functions are complex and diverse. PPARγ plays a significant role in protecting the liver from inflammation, oxidation, fibrosis, fatty liver and tumours. Natural products are a promising pool for drug discovery, and enormous research effort has been invested in exploring the PPARγ‐activating potential of natural products. In this manuscript, we will review the research progress of PPARγ agonists from natural products in recent years and probe into the application potential and prospects of PPARγ natural agonists in the therapy of various liver diseases, including inflammation, hepatic fibrosis, non‐alcoholic fatty liver and liver cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanyong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianye Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Takanche JS, Kim JE, Han SH, Yi HK. Effect of gomisin A on osteoblast differentiation in high glucose-mediated oxidative stress. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 66:153107. [PMID: 31790903 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gomisin A is a lignan isolated from the hexane of Schisandra chinensis fruit extract with antioxidant properties. Oxidative stress mediated by high glucose is one of the major complications of diabetes mellitus. PURPOSE This study investigates the role of gomisin A in osteoblast differentiation under high glucose-induced oxidative stress in MC3T3 E1 cells and determines its relationship with heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and mitochondrial biogenesis. METHODS MC3T3 E1 cells were treated by gomisin A following induced by high glucose levels and glucose oxidase to investigate the inhibitory effect of gomisin A against high glucose oxidative stress. Western blot analysis, alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, analysis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and confocal microscopy were used to determine mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative stress, osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. To analyze the role of HO-1, the MC3T3 E1 cells were treated with the HO-1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP). RESULTS Gomisin A enhanced the expression of HO-1, increased mitochondrial biogenesis factors (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha, nuclear respiratory factor-1, and mitochondrial transcription factor A), antioxidant enzymes (copper-zinc superoxide dismutases and manganese superoxide dismutase), osteoblast differentiation molecules (bone morphogenic protein-2/7, osteoprotegerin and Runt-related transcription factor-2) and mineralization by upregulation of ALP and alizarin red staining, which were decreased by ZnPP and high glucose oxidative stress. Similarly, gomisin A inhibited ROS which was increased by ZnPP and the high glucose-mediated oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS The findings demonstrated the antioxidative effects of gomisin A, and its role in mitochondrial biogenesis and osteoblast differentiation. It potentially regulated osteoblast differentiation under high glucose-induced oxidative stress via upregulation of HO-1 and maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis. Thus, gomisin A may represent a potential therapeutic agent for prevention of bone fragility fractures and implant failure triggered by diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Shrestha Takanche
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, 634-18, Deokjin-dong, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 561-712, South Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, 634-18, Deokjin-dong, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 561-712, South Korea
| | - Sin-Hee Han
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Ho-Keun Yi
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, 634-18, Deokjin-dong, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 561-712, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
A Rapid UPLC-MS Method for Quantification of Gomisin D in Rat Plasma and Its Application to a Pharmacokinetic and Bioavailability Study. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071403. [PMID: 30974748 PMCID: PMC6479676 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gomisin D, a lignan compound isolated from Fructus Schisandra, is a potential antidiabetic and anti-Alzheimer’s agent. Recently, gomisin D was used as a quality marker of some traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulas. In this study, a rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method (UPLC-MS/MS) was developed and validated to quantify gomisin D in rat plasma for a pharmacokinetic and bioavailability study. Acetonitrile was used to precipitate plasma proteins. Separations were performed on a BEH C18 column with a gradient mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile and water (0.1% formic acid). An electrospray ionization source was applied and operated in the positive ion mode. The multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM) was utilized to quantify gomisin D and nomilin (internal standard, IS) using the transitions of m/z 531.2 → 383.1 and m/z 515.3 → 161.0, respectively. The calibration curve was linear over the working range from 1 to 4000 ng/mL (R2 = 0.993). The intra- and interday precision ranged from 1.9% to 12.9%. The extraction recovery of gomisin D was in the range of 79.2–86.3%. The validated UPLC-MS/MS method was then used to obtain the pharmacokinetic characteristics of gomisin D after intravenous (5 mg/kg) and intragastric (50 mg/kg) administration to rats. The bioavailability of gomisin D was 107.6%, indicating that this compound may become a promising intragastrical medication. Our results provided useful information for further preclinical studies on gomisin D.
Collapse
|
23
|
Ko BS, Ryuk JA, Hwang JT, Zhang T, Wu X, Park S. Ojayeonjonghwan, an oriental medicine composed of five seeds, protects against vasomotor and neurological disorders in estrogen-deficient rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:193-206. [PMID: 30722698 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219827847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Menopausal symptoms impair the quality of life of many women, and although conventional treatments are often effective, their use is limited by adverse effects. Ojayeonjonghwan, OJa, is a traditional Oriental medicine that is used for both male and female reproductive health and has a long history of safe use. We evaluated the effectiveness of two variations of OJa (OJa1 and OJa2) for treating menopausal symptoms in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Both OJa preparations were effective for relieving indicators of hot flashes and depression, and for preventing loss of bone mineral density and lean body mass. Only OJa 2 prevented memory dysfunction. These results show that the traditional Oriental medicine, Ojayeonjonghwan, has the potential to relieve menopausal symptoms in women and should be further evaluated in human clinical trials as an alternative to convention therapies in women for whom conventional therapies are not indicated or found to be ineffective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byoung-Seob Ko
- 1 Korean Medicine Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Korea
| | - Jin Ah Ryuk
- 1 Korean Medicine Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Korea
| | - Joo Tae Hwang
- 1 Korean Medicine Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Korea
| | - Ting Zhang
- 2 Food & Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, Asan 336-795, Korea
| | - Xuangao Wu
- 2 Food & Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, Asan 336-795, Korea
| | - Sunmin Park
- 2 Food & Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, Asan 336-795, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Potential of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. in Human Health and Nutrition: A Review of Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Perspectives. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020333. [PMID: 30720717 PMCID: PMC6412213 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. (SCE) is a plant with high potential for beneficial health effects, confirmed by molecular studies. Its constituents exert anti-cancer effects through the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, as well as inhibition of invasion and metastasis in cancer cell lines and experimental animals. SCE displays antimicrobial effects against several pathogenic strains. It has anti-diabetic potential, supported by hypoglycemic activity. A diet rich in SCE improves pancreatic functions, stimulates insulin secretion, and reduces complications in diabetic animals. SCE prevents lipid accumulation and differentiation of preadipocytes, indicating its anti-obesity potential. SCE exerts a protective effect against skin photoaging, osteoarthritis, sarcopenia, senescence, and mitochondrial dysfunction, and improves physical endurance and cognitive/behavioural functions, which can be linked with its general anti-aging potency. In food technology, SCE is applied as a preservative, and as an additive to increase the flavour, taste, and nutritional value of food. In summary, SCE displays a variety of beneficial health effects, with no side effects. Further research is needed to determine the molecular mechanisms of SCE action. First, the constituents responsible for its beneficial effects should be isolated and identified, and recommended as preventative nutritional additives, or considered as therapeutics.
Collapse
|
25
|
Kee JY, Han YH, Mun JG, Park SH, Jeon HD, Hong SH. Gomisin A Suppresses Colorectal Lung Metastasis by Inducing AMPK/p38-Mediated Apoptosis and Decreasing Metastatic Abilities of Colorectal Cancer Cells. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:986. [PMID: 30210348 PMCID: PMC6124511 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Gomisin A (G.A) is a dietary lignan compound from Schisandra chinensis. In this study, the effect of G.A on the proliferation and metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells was investigated using several CRC cell lines and a lung metastasis mouse model. Both oral and intraperitoneal administration of G.A (50 mg/kg) inhibited lung metastasis of CT26 cells. Various concentrations of G.A were incubated with CRC cell lines and their viability was determined using a cell counting kit-8 assay. G.A significantly decreased the viability of various CRC cell lines, whereas it did not change the proliferation of normal colon cells. G.A induced G0/G1 phase arrest and apoptosis of CT26 and HT29 cells by regulating cyclin D1/cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) expression and apoptotic proteins such as caspases and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family proteins, respectively. G.A-induced apoptosis was mediated by AMPK/p38 activation in CRC cells. A non-cytotoxic concentration of G.A inhibited epithelial–mesenchymal transition of CRC cells by modulating E-cadherin and N-cadherin expression levels. Moreover, the migration and invasion of CRC cells were reduced by G.A treatment. Especially, G.A decreased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 expressions and activities. G.A ameliorated lung metastasis of CRC cells by decreasing cell survival and metastatic abilities of CRC cells. Thus, G.A might be a potential novel therapeutic agent for metastatic CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Ye Kee
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Yo-Han Han
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Geon Mun
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Seong-Hwan Park
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Hee D Jeon
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Seung-Heon Hong
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhang AH, Yu JB, Sun H, Kong L, Wang XQ, Zhang QY, Wang XJ. Identifying quality-markers from Shengmai San protects against transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease using chinmedomics approach. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 45:84-92. [PMID: 29685366 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shengmai San (SMS), a Chinese classic herbal formula, has been widely used for the treatment of Qi-Yin deficiency syndrome in Asia. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that SMS improves the cognitive function. However, the quality markers (Q-markers) for SMS still need further research. PURPOSE Using chinmedocmics strategy to systematically evaluate the efficacy of SMS in the treatment of APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) transgenic model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to discover the efficacy-related Q-markers. METHODS The effect of SMS on APP/PS1 mice was evaluated by behavioral test, immunohistochemistry and urine metabolic profile, and the urine marker metabolites associated with SMS treatment of AD were characterized using metabolomics method. In the premise of efficacy, Serum Pharmacochemistry of Traditional Chinese Medicine was applied to investigate the in vivo constituents of SMS. A correlation analysis between marker metabolites of therapeutic effects and serum constituents was completed by chinmedomics approach. RESULTS SMS had a therapeutic effect on APP/PS1 mice, and 34 potential urine biomarkers were reversed by SMS treatment. A total of 17 in vivo constituents were detected, including 14 prototype components and 3 metabolites. The correlation analysis showed that eight constituents were extremely correlated with protective effects of SMS in AD, and considered as potential Q-markers of SMS, including schisandrin, isoschisandrin, angeloylgomisin Q, gomisin D, angeloylgomisin H, gomisin M2, ginsenoside F1, 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3. CONCLUSION This study has demonstrated that chinmedomics is novel strategy for discovering the potential effective constituents from herbal formula, which are recognized as Q-markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Hua Zhang
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jing-Bo Yu
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ling Kong
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiang-Qian Wang
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Qing-Yu Zhang
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xi-Jun Wang
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM, Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, AvenidaWai Long, Taipa, Macau, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hong SH, Woo M, Kim M, Song YO. Hypolipidemic and Antidiabetic Effects of Functional Rice Cookies in High-Fat Diet-Fed ICR Mice and db/db Mice. J Med Food 2018; 21:535-543. [PMID: 29474103 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.4138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported the lipid-lowering effects of a Korean rice cookie called dasik (RCD) in comparison with a western style cookie. In this study, Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. (Chinese magnolia vine) fruit-supplemented RCD (SRCD) was added to a diet, and the hypolipidemic and antidiabetic effects of different diets were examined by using the ICR and db/db mouse models, respectively. ICR mice were fed the AIN-76 diet, or high-fat diet (HFD), or the RCD- or SRCD-supplemented HFD (10%, w/w) for 9 weeks (n = 7 per group). Compared with the RCD group, plasma and hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations were decreased in the SRCD group. Hepatic expressions for fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis were downregulated, whereas those for beta-oxidation and cholesterol export were upregulated (P < .05). The antidiabetic effects of SRCD were tested in db/db mice for 10 weeks (n = 7 per group). Glucose tolerance was improved in the SRCD group through the regulation of gluconeogenic enzymes and biomarkers related to the insulin signaling pathway (P < .05). In addition, SRCD increased the expression levels of antioxidative enzymes, and decreased those of inflammatory cytokines (P < .05). Moreover, oxidative stress, leptin, and insulin levels were lower in the SRCD group than in the other groups (P < .05). In conclusion, the lipid-lowering and antidiabetic effects of SRCD were greater than those of RCD with respect to the suppression of lipid synthesis, oxidative stress, and inflammation and the improvement of glucose metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sun Hee Hong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University , Busan, Korea
| | - Minji Woo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University , Busan, Korea
| | - Mijeong Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University , Busan, Korea
| | - Yeong Ok Song
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University , Busan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kim KY, Ku SK, Lee KW, Song CH, An WG. Muscle-protective effects of Schisandrae Fructus extracts in old mice after chronic forced exercise. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 212:175-187. [PMID: 29107647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Schisandrae Fructus (SF), the dried fruit of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill., is a well-known traditional herb used in Asia for enhancing physical work capacity as well as providing anti-stress and anti-inflammatory effects. Extracts of SF (SFe) have also been reported to increase skeletal muscle mass and inhibit muscle atrophy. AIM OF THE STUDY We examined whether SFe had muscle-protective effects in old mice after chronic forced exercises, and, if so, relevant mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten-month-old aged male mice were divided into six groups. One group received no forced swimming after oral administration of distilled water (Intact); the other groups received forced swimming after administration of distilled water (SW), oxymetholone (OXY), or SFe at 500, 250 and 125mg/kg (SFe500, SFe250, and SFe125, respectively). Forced swimming was conducted for 2min at 30min after oral administration; the treatment was repeated for 28 days. Muscle thickness, weight, lean proportion, and strength were examined. The sampled muscles were subjected to histopathological and biochemical analyses. Plasma was examined by biochemical analyses. RESULTS The thicknesses of the calf muscle and the sampled gastrocnemius and soleus, protein proportion and muscle strength increased significantly in the SW group versus Intact, and they were further increased in the SFe and OXY groups versus SW. The forced swimming in the SW group upregulated mRNA expression related to protein synthesis (Akt1, PI3K) and muscle growth (A1R, TRPV4), while it downregulated mRNAs related to protein degradation (atrogin-1, MuRF1) and muscle growth inhibitor (myostatin, SIRT1). The detected upregulation and downregulation were enhanced in the SFe groups. In addition, the SFe administration inhibited lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species, and accelerated activities of endogenous anti-oxidants and anti-oxidant enzymes. Plasma biochemistry showed decreases in creatine, creatine kinase and LDH in the SFe groups versus SW, suggesting muscle-protective effects of SFe. In the SFe groups versus SW, histopathological analyses revealed an increase in myofibre diameter, and immunohistochemistry showed increases in myofibres immunoreactive for ATPase and decreases in myofibres for apoptosis markers (caspase-3, PARP) and oxidative stress markers (NT, 4HNE, iNOS). CONCLUSIONS Oral administration of SFe, especially SFe500, enhanced exercise-induced adaptive muscle strengthening in aged mice after forced swimming through anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidant effects, mediated via modulation of gene expression related to muscle synthesis or degradation. These results suggest that SFe may be helpful in improvement various muscle disorders as an adjuvant therapy to exercise-based remedies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Young Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea; Research Institute, Bio Port Korea, Busan 619-912, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712-715, Republic of Korea; MRC-GHF, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Won Lee
- Research Institute, Bio Port Korea, Busan 619-912, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hyun Song
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712-715, Republic of Korea; MRC-GHF, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712-715, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won G An
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Deoxyschizandrin, Isolated from Schisandra Berries, Induces Cell Cycle Arrest in Ovarian Cancer Cells and Inhibits the Protumoural Activation of Tumour-Associated Macrophages. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10010091. [PMID: 29342940 PMCID: PMC5793319 DOI: 10.3390/nu10010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxyschizandrin, a major lignan of Schisandra berries, has been demonstrated to have various biological activities such as antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and antidiabetic effects. However, the anti-cancer effects of deoxyschizandrin are poorly characterized. In the present study, we investigated the anti-cancer effect of deoxyschizandrin on human ovarian cancer cell lines and tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs). Deoxyschizandrin induced G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and inhibited cyclin E expression in human ovarian cancer cells. Overexpression of cyclin E significantly reversed the deoxyschizandrin-induced cell growth inhibition. Interestingly, increased production of reactive oxygen species and decreased activation of Akt were observed in A2780 cells treated with deoxyschizandrin, and the antioxidant compromised the deoxyschizandrin-induced cell growth inhibition and Akt inactivation. Moreover, deoxyschizandrin-induced cell growth inhibition was markedly suppressed by Akt overexpression. In addition, deoxyschizandrin was found to inhibit the expression of the M2 phenotype markers CD163 and CD209 in TAMs, macrophages stimulated by the ovarian cancer cells. Moreover, expression and production of the tumour-promoting factors MMP-9, RANTES, and VEGF, which are highly enhanced in TAMs, was significantly suppressed by deoxyschizandrin treatment. Taken together, these data suggest that deoxyschizandrin exerts anti-cancer effects by inducing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in ovarian cancer cells and reducing the protumoural phenotype of TAMs.
Collapse
|
30
|
Kwan HY, Wu J, Su T, Chao XJ, Yu H, Liu B, Fu X, Tse AKW, Chan CL, Fong WF, Yu ZL. Schisandrin B regulates lipid metabolism in subcutaneous adipocytes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10266. [PMID: 28860616 PMCID: PMC5579161 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10385-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Subcutaneous adipocytes in obese subjects have a lower sensitivity to catecholamine-induced lipolysis and a higher sensitivity to insulin anti-lipolytic effects compared to adipocytes in other adipose depots. Therefore, increasing lipolysis in subcutaneous adipocytes coupled with enhanced fatty acid oxidation may be an anti-obesity strategy. Schisandrin B (Sch B) is one of the most abundant active dibenzocyclooctadiene derivatives found in the fruit of Schisandra chinensis which is a commonly prescribed Chinese medicinal herb. We found that Sch B reduced glycerolipid contents in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and subcutaneous adipocytes dissected from DIO mice. Sch B also activated hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) and increased lipolysis in these adipocyte in a protein kinase A-dependent manner. Interestingly, Sch B increased fatty acid oxidation gene expressions in these adipocytes, implying an increase in fatty acid oxidation after treatment. In in vivo model, we found that Sch B increased HSL phosphorylation, reduced glycerolipid levels and increased fatty acid oxidation gene expressions in the subcutaneous adipocytes in the DIO mice. More importantly, Sch B significantly reduced the subcutaneous adipocyte sizes, subcutaneous adipose tissue mass and body weight of the mice. Our study provides scientific evidence to suggest a potential therapeutic function of Sch B or Schisandra chinensis seed containing Sch B in reducing obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiu Yee Kwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jiahui Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tao Su
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Chao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hua Yu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.,Institute of Chinese Medicine Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, and the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuqiong Fu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Chi Leung Chan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wang Fun Fong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Putakala M, Gujjala S, Nukala S, Desireddy S. Beneficial Effects of Phyllanthus amarus Against High Fructose Diet Induced Insulin Resistance and Hepatic Oxidative Stress in Male Wistar Rats. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 183:744-764. [PMID: 28353042 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2461-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is a characteristic feature of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that the high-fructose consumption is a potential and important factor responsible for the rising incidence of IR. The present study investigates the beneficial effects of aqueous extract of Phyllanthus amarus (PAAE) on IR and oxidative stress in high-fructose (HF) fed male Wistar rats. HF diet (66% of fructose) and PAAE (200 mg/kg body weight/day) were given concurrently to the rats for a period of 60 days. Fructose-fed rats showed weight gain, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, impaired glucose tolerance, impaired insulin sensitivity, dyslipidemia, hyperleptinemia, and hypoadiponectinemia (P < 0.05) after 60 days. Co-administration of PAAE along with HF diet significantly ameliorated all these alterations. Regarding hepatic antioxidant status, higher lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation, lower reduced glutathione levels and lower activities of enzymatic antioxidants, and the histopathological changes like mild to severe distortion of the normal architecture as well as the prominence and widening of the liver sinusoids observed in the HF diet-fed rats were significantly prevented by PAAE treatment. These findings indicate that PAAE is beneficial in improving insulin sensitivity and attenuating metabolic syndrome and hepatic oxidative stress in fructose-fed rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mallaiah Putakala
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, 515 003, India
| | - Sudhakara Gujjala
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, 515 003, India
| | - Srinivasulu Nukala
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, 515 003, India
| | - Saralakumari Desireddy
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, 515 003, India.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Jeong JW, Kim J, Choi EO, Kwon DH, Kong GM, Choi IW, Kim BH, Kim GY, Lee KW, Kim KY, Kim SG, Choi YW, Hong SH, Park C, Choi YH. Schisandrae Fructus ethanol extract ameliorates inflammatory responses and articular cartilage damage in monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis in rats. EXCLI JOURNAL 2017; 16:265-277. [PMID: 28507472 PMCID: PMC5427464 DOI: 10.17179/excli2017-119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Schisandrae Fructus, the fruit of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill., is widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of a number of chronic diseases. Although, Schisandrae Fructus was recently reported to attenuate the interleukin (IL)-1β-induced inflammatory response in chondrocytes in vitro, its protective and therapeutic potential against osteoarthritis (OA) in an animal model remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effects of the ethanol extract of Schisandrae Fructus (SF) on inflammatory responses and cartilage degradation in a monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced OA rat model. Our results demonstrated that administration with SF had a tendency to attenuate MIA-induced damage of articular cartilage as determined by a histological grade of OA. SF significantly suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α in MIA-induced OA rats. SF also effectively inhibited expression of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, thereby inhibiting the release of NO and prostaglandin E2. In addition, the elevated levels of matrix metalloproteinases-13 and two biomarkers for diagnosis and progression of OA, such as cartilage oligomeric matrix protein and C-telopeptide of type II collagen, were markedly ameliorated by SF administration. These findings indicate that SF could be a potential candidate for the treatment of OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Woo Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea.,Anti-Aging Research Center, Dongeui University, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongsik Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 602-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ok Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea.,Anti-Aging Research Center, Dongeui University, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hye Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea.,Anti-Aging Research Center, Dongeui University, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu Min Kong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Whan Choi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Hoi Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Won Lee
- Research Institute, Bio-Port Korea INC, MarineBio-industry Development Center, Busan 619-912, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Young Kim
- Research Institute, Bio-Port Korea INC, MarineBio-industry Development Center, Busan 619-912, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Goo Kim
- Research Institute, Bio-Port Korea INC, MarineBio-industry Development Center, Busan 619-912, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Whan Choi
- Department of Horticultural Bioscience, College of Natural Resource and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hyun Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences and Human Ecology, Dongeui University, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea.,Anti-Aging Research Center, Dongeui University, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wang CM, Yuan RS, Zhuang WY, Sun JH, Wu JY, Li H, Chen JG. Schisandra polysaccharide inhibits hepatic lipid accumulation by downregulating expression of SREBPs in NAFLD mice. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:195. [PMID: 27852305 PMCID: PMC5112637 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0358-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatoprotective effects of Chinese herbal medicine Schisandra Chinensis (Schisandra) have been widely investigated. However, most studies were focused on its lignan extracts. We investigated the effects of Schisandra polysaccharide (SCP) in a mouse model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and studied its effect on sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) and the related genes. METHODS The mouse model of NAFLD was established by feeding mice with a high-fat diet for 16 weeks. Effect of SCP-treatment (100 mg/kg, once daily for 12 weeks) on biochemical parameters and liver histopathology was assessed. Relative levels of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) and their gene expressions were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western Blot. RESULTS SCP significantly reduced the liver index by 12.0%. Serum levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were decreased by 31.3, 28.3, 42.8, 20.1 and 15.5%, respectively. Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was increased by 26.9%. Further, SCP lowered hepatic TC and TG content by 27.0% and 28.3%, respectively, and alleviated fatty degeneration and necrosis of liver cells. A significant downregulation of mRNA and protein expressions of hepatic lipogenesis genes, SREBP-1c, fatty acid synthase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and the mRNA expression of liver X receptor α (LXRα) was observed in NAFLD mice treated with SCP. SCP also significantly reduced the hepatic expression of SREBP-2 and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR). CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate the hepatoprotective effects of SCP in a mouse model of NAFLD; the effects may be mediated via downregulation of LXRα/SREBP-1c/FAS/ACC and SREBP-2/HMGCR signaling pathways in the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Mei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, No. 3999 Binjiang East Road, Fengman District, Jilin City, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Shuang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, No. 3999 Binjiang East Road, Fengman District, Jilin City, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Yue Zhuang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Laboratory Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin, 132013, China
| | - Jing-Hui Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, No. 3999 Binjiang East Road, Fengman District, Jilin City, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Ying Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, No. 3999 Binjiang East Road, Fengman District, Jilin City, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - He Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, No. 3999 Binjiang East Road, Fengman District, Jilin City, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian-Guang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, No. 3999 Binjiang East Road, Fengman District, Jilin City, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Yi H, Chen Y, Liu J, Zhang J, Guo W, Xiao W, Yao Y. Extraction and Separation of Active Ingredients in Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill and the Study of their Antifungal Effects. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154731. [PMID: 27152614 PMCID: PMC4859564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Schisandra chinensis extracts (SEs) have traditionally been used as an oriental medicine for the treatment of various human diseases, however, their further application in the biocontrol of plant disease remains poorly understood. This study was conducted to develop eco-friendly botanical pesticides from extracts of S. chinensis and assess whether they could play a key role in plant disease defense. Concentrated active fractions (SE-I, SE-II, and SE-III) were obtained from S. chinensis via specific extraction and separation. Then, lignan-like substances, such as Schisanhenol B, were detected via High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-ElectroSpray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) analyses of the active fractions. Moreover, the results from biological tests on colony growth inhibition and spore germination indicated that SE-I, SE-II, and SE-III could inhibit hyphal growth and spore generation of three important plant pathogenic fungi (Monilinia fructicola, Fusarium oxysporum, and Botryosphaeria dothidea). The study of the mechanisms of resistant fungi revealed that the oxidation resistance system, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), was activated. The expression of genes related to defense, such as pathogenesis-related protein (PR4), α-farnesene synthase (AFS), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) were shown to be up-regulated after treatment with SEs, which suggested an increase in apple immunity and that fruits were induced to effectively defend against the infection of pathogenic fungi (B. dothidea). This study revealed that SEs and their lignans represent promising resources for the development of safe, effective, and multi-targeted agents against pathogenic fungi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haijing Yi
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agriculture Application, Beijing University of Agriculture, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agriculture Application, Beijing University of Agriculture, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agriculture Application, Beijing University of Agriculture, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agriculture Application, Beijing University of Agriculture, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Weilie Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yuncong Yao
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agriculture Application, Beijing University of Agriculture, 102206, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lee H, Li H, Noh M, Ryu JH. Bavachin from Psoralea corylifolia Improves Insulin-Dependent Glucose Uptake through Insulin Signaling and AMPK Activation in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:527. [PMID: 27070585 PMCID: PMC4848983 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The fruit of Psoralea corylifolia L. (Fabaceae) (PC), known as "Bo-Gol-Zhee" in Korea has been used as traditional medicine. Ethanol and aqueous extracts of PC have an anti-hyperglycemic effect by increasing plasma insulin levels and decreasing blood glucose and total plasma cholesterol levels in type 2 diabetic rats. In this study, we purified six compounds from PC and investigated their anti-diabetic effect. Among the purified compounds, bavachin most potently accumulated lipids during adipocyte differentiation. Intracellular lipid accumulation was measured by Oil Red-O (ORO) cell staining to investigate the effect of compounds on adipogenesis. Consistently, bavachin activated gene expression of adipogenic transcriptional factors, proliferator-activated receptorγ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α (C/EBPα). Bavachin also increased adiponectin expression and secretion in adipocytes. Moreover, bavachin increased insulin-induced glucose uptake by differentiated adipocytes and myoblasts. In differentiated adipocytes, we found that bavachin enhanced glucose uptake via glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation by activating the Akt and 5'AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway in the presence or absence of insulin. These results suggest that bavachin from Psoralea corylifolia might have therapeutic potential for type 2 diabetes by activating insulin signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Center for Cell Fate Control, Sookmyung Women's University, 52 Hyochangwongil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 140-742, Korea.
| | - Hua Li
- College of Pharmacy and Research Center for Cell Fate Control, Sookmyung Women's University, 52 Hyochangwongil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 140-742, Korea.
| | - Minsoo Noh
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
| | - Jae-Ha Ryu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Center for Cell Fate Control, Sookmyung Women's University, 52 Hyochangwongil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 140-742, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wang Y, Fofana B, Roy M, Ghose K, Yao XH, Nixon MS, Nair S, Nyomba GB. Flaxseed lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside improves insulin sensitivity through upregulation of GLUT4 expression in diet-induced obese mice. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
|
37
|
Chu ZS, Yu ZL, Pan SY, Jia ZH, Wang XY, Zhang Y, Zhu PL, Wang XJ, Ko KM. A comparative study between Wuweizi seed and its post-ethanol extraction residue in normal and hypercholesterolemic mice. Lipids Health Dis 2015; 14:93. [PMID: 26303027 PMCID: PMC4549086 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-015-0097-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND At the present, a shift from drug therapy, especially herbal therapy, to dietary supplementation is a trend in the management of dyslipidemia and related diseases. Therefore, the optimal utilization of herbal resource is important for a sustainable development of herbal medicine. Here, we compared the effects of dietary supplementation with Chinese medicine Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus seed (FSC-S) and the post-ethanol extraction residue of FSC-S (FSC-SpEt) on normal diet-fed (normal) and experimental hypercholesterolemic (HCL) mice. METHODS Male ICR mice (n = 10 in each group), weighing 17-21 g, were fed with normal diet (ND) or high cholesterol/bile salt (1/0.3 %, w/w) diet (HCBD) with or without supplemented with FSC-S, FSC-SpEt), or lipid-lowering agent fenofibrate (FF). Ten days later, serum/hepatic lipid and glucose (GLU) levels, body weight, organ/epididymal fat masses, and food/water intake were measured. Lipid level measurements included those of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), HDL/LDL ratio, LDL/HDL ratio, and non-HDL (N-HDL). RESULTS Supplementation with FSC-S and FSC-SpEt increased serum TC (by 64 and 25 %, respectively) and LDL (by 60 and 27 %, respectively) in normal mice. FSC-S supplementation elevated serum TC, TG, HDL, LDL, and LDL/HDL ratio (up to 64, 118, 77, 197, and 51 %, respectively) in HCL mice. FSC-SpEt supplementation reduced serum TG (by 15 %) and LDL/HDL ratio (by 18 %), as well as increased serum HDL (by 22 %) and HDL/LDL ratio (by 21 %) in HCBD-fed mice. FSC-S decreased hepatic TC (by 19 %) contents and increased hepatic TG contents by 14 % in normal mice. FSC-S reduced hepatic GLU level in both normal and HCL mice by 24 and 22 %, respectively. Hepatic TC and TG contents were lowered in FSC-SpEt-supplemented normal mice by 16 and 20 %, respectively. The body/fatty masse and food intake were lowered, but the feed efficiency index (FEI), weight gain per unit of food ingested, was increased in FSC-S-supplemented normal and HCL mice. FF supplements reduced serum/hepatic lipids, hepatic GLU contents, and epididymal fat mass, but it induced hepatomegaly and high serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity in normal and/or HCL mice. CONCLUSION The ensemble of results indicated that while FSC-SpEt supplementation is beneficial for the treatment of hyperlipidemia/fatty liver, FSC-S is potentially useful for the management of overweight/obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Sheng Chu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Si-Yuan Pan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Zhan-Hong Jia
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Pei-Li Zhu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Xiu-Juan Wang
- School of Traditional Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Kam-Ming Ko
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sun SH, Park S, Jeong JJ, Lee KH, Yu JS, Seo HS, Kwon KR. Single-dose Intravenous Toxicology Testing of Daebohwalryeok Pharmcopuncture in Sprague-Dawley Rats. J Pharmacopuncture 2015; 18:42-50. [PMID: 26120487 PMCID: PMC4481398 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2015.18.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aims of the study were to test the single-dose intravenous toxicity of Daebohwalryeok pharmacopuncture (DHRP) in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and to estimate the crude lethal dose. Methods: The experiments were conducted at Biotoxtech Co., a Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) laboratory, according to the GLP regulation and were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Biotoxtech Co. (Approval no: 110156). The rats were divided into three groups: DHRP was injected into the rats in the two test groups at doses of 10 mL/kg and 20 mL/kg, respectively, and normal saline solution was injected into the rats in the control group. Single doses of DHRP were injected intravenously into 6 week old SD rats (5 male and 5 female rats per group). General symptoms were observed and weights were measured during the 14 day observation period after the injection. After the observation period, necropsies were done. Then, histopathological tests were performed. Weight data were analyzed with a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) by using statistical analysis system (SAS, version 9.2). Results: No deaths and no statistical significant weight changes were observed for either male or female SD rats in either the control or the test groups during the observation period. In addition, no treatment related general symptoms or necropsy abnormalities were observed. Histopathological results showed no DHRP related effects in the 20 mL/kg DHRP group for either male or female rats. Conclusion: Under the conditions of this study, the results from single-dose intravenous injections of DHRP showed that estimated lethal doses for both male and female rats were above 20 mL/kg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Ho Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Sunju Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jong-Jin Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Kwang-Ho Lee
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jun-Sang Yu
- Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Hyung-Sik Seo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otolaryngology, and Dermatology, Korean Medicine Hospital, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Ki-Rok Kwon
- Research Center of the Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Schisandrae Fructus Supplementation Ameliorates Sciatic Neurectomy-Induced Muscle Atrophy in Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:872428. [PMID: 26064425 PMCID: PMC4443785 DOI: 10.1155/2015/872428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the possible beneficial skeletal muscle preserving effects of ethanol extract of Schisandrae Fructus (EESF) on sciatic neurectomy- (NTX-) induced hindlimb muscle atrophy in mice. Here, calf muscle atrophy was induced by unilateral right sciatic NTX. In order to investigate whether administration of EESF prevents or improves sciatic NTX-induced muscle atrophy, EESF was administered orally. Our results indicated that EESF dose-dependently diminished the decreases in markers of muscle mass and activity levels, and the increases in markers of muscle damage and fibrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, cytokines, and apoptotic events in the gastrocnemius muscle bundles are induced by NTX. Additionally, destruction of gastrocnemius antioxidant defense systems after NTX was dose-dependently protected by treatment with EESF. EESF also upregulated muscle-specific mRNAs involved in muscle protein synthesis but downregulated those involved in protein degradation. The overall effects of 500 mg/kg EESF were similar to those of 50 mg/kg oxymetholone, but it showed more favorable antioxidant effects. The present results suggested that EESF exerts a favorable ameliorating effect on muscle atrophy induced by NTX, through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects related to muscle fiber protective effects and via an increase in protein synthesis and a decrease in protein degradation.
Collapse
|
40
|
Kim JW, Ku SK, Han MH, Kim KY, Kim SG, Kim GY, Hwang HJ, Kim BW, Kim CM, Choi YH. The administration of Fructus Schisandrae attenuates dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy in mice. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:29-42. [PMID: 25955031 PMCID: PMC4494578 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to determine whether ethanol extracts of Fructus Schisandrae (FS), the dried fruit of Schizandra chinensis Baillon, mitigates the development of dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy. Adult SPF/VAT outbred CrljOri:CD1 (ICR) mice were either treated with dexamethasone to induce muscle atrophy. Some mice were treated with various concentrations of FS or oxymetholone, a 17α-alkylated anabolic-androgenic steroid. Muscle thickness and weight, calf muscle strength, and serum creatine and creatine kinase (CK) levels were then measured. The administration of FS attenuated the decrease in calf thickness, gastrocnemius muscle thickness, muscle strength and weight, fiber diameter and serum lactate dehydrogenase levels in the gastrocnemius muscle bundles which was induced by dexamethasone in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with FS also prevented the dexamethasone-induced increase in serum creatine and creatine kinase levels, histopathological muscle fiber microvacuolation and fibrosis, and the immunoreactivity of muscle fibers for nitrotyrosine, 4-hydroxynonenal, inducible nitric oxide synthase and myostatin. In addition, the destruction of the gastrocnemius antioxidant defense system was also inhibited by the administration of FS in a dose-dependent manner. FS downregulated the mRNA expression of atrogin-1 and muscle RING-finger protein-1 (involved in muscle protein degradation), myostatin (a potent negative regulator of muscle growth) and sirtuin 1 (a representative inhibitor of muscle regeneration), but upregulated the mRNA expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Akt1, adenosine A1 receptor and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4, involved in muscle growth and the activation of protein synthesis. The overall effects of treatment with 500 mg/kg FS were comparable to those observed following treatment with 50 mg/kg oxymetholone. The results from the present study support the hypothesis that FS has a favorable ameliorating effect on muscle atrophy induced by dexamethasone, by exerting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on muscle fibers, which may be due to an increase in protein synthesis and a decrease in protein degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joo Wan Kim
- Research Institute, Bio-Port Korea INC, Marine Bio-industry Development Center, Busan 619-912, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712‑715, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ho Han
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Young Kim
- Research Institute, Bio-Port Korea INC, Marine Bio-industry Development Center, Busan 619-912, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Goo Kim
- Research Institute, Bio-Port Korea INC, Marine Bio-industry Development Center, Busan 619-912, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Hwang
- Anti-Aging Research Center and Blue-Bio Industry RIC, Dongeui University, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Woo Kim
- Anti-Aging Research Center and Blue-Bio Industry RIC, Dongeui University, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Min Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Busan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
An L, Wang Y, Wang C, Fan M, Han X, Xu G, Yuan G, Li H, Sheng Y, Wang M, Sun J, Zhan J, Sun H, Li N, Ding F, Du P. Protective effect of Schisandrae chinensis oil on pancreatic β-cells in diabetic rats. Endocrine 2015; 48:818-25. [PMID: 25151401 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-014-0375-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Islet cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes is primarily attributed to increased apoptosis of pancreatic β-Cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of Schisandrae chinensis oil on pancreatic β-Cells in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats and the associated molecular mechanisms of action. Wistar rats were randomly divided into diabetic rats and control rats, diabetic rats treated with Schisandrae chinensis oil (1 mg/kg), and control rats treated with Schisandrae chinensis oil. The serum fasting blood glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels along with MDA content, SOD and CAT activities in pancreatic tissues were measured. TUNEL was used to observe the apoptosis of rat pancreatic cells. Western blot was used to determine specific protein expression. The results showed that the oil significantly decreased fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride levels as well as the pancreatic MDA, but increased SOD and CAT activities. The protein expression of Bcl-2, PDX-1, GLUT-2, and GCK but not caspase 3 was significantly enhanced in the oil-treated rats compared with diabetic rats. However, Bax content was not significantly different between the control and DM groups. Schisandra chinensis oil improves pancreatic β-cell function by enhancing antioxidant potential of the pancreas, upregulating the expression of anti-apoptotic genes, increasing expression of glucose metabolism, and delaying islet cell apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liping An
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, 132013, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ancient records and modern research on the mechanisms of chinese herbal medicines in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:747982. [PMID: 25815039 PMCID: PMC4359835 DOI: 10.1155/2015/747982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decades, Chinese herbal medicines (CHM) have been extensively and intensively studied through from both clinical and experimental perspectives and CHM have been proved to be effective in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM). This study, by searching ancient records and modern research papers, reviewed CHM in terms of their clinical application and principal mechanism in the treatment of DM. We summarized the use of CHM mentioned in 54 famous ancient materia medica monographs and searched papers on the hypoglycemic effect of several representative CHM. Main mechanisms and limitations of CHM and further research direction for DM were discussed. On the basis of the study, we were led to conclude that TCM, as a main form of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), was well recorded in ancient literatures and has less adverse effects as shown by modern studies. The mechanisms of CHM treatment of DM are complex, multilink, and multitarget, so we should find main hypoglycemic mechanism through doing research on CHM monomer active constituents. Many CHM monomer constituents possess noteworthy hypoglycemic effects. Therefore, developing a novel natural product for DM and its complications is of much significance. It is strongly significant to pay close attention to CHM for treatment of DM and its complications.
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhu PL, Pan SY, Zhou SF, Zhang Y, Wang XY, Sun N, Chu ZS, Yu ZL, Ko KM. Effects of combined dietary supplementation with fenofibrate and Schisandrae Fructus pulp on lipid and glucose levels and liver function in normal and hypercholesterolemic mice. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:923-35. [PMID: 25733812 PMCID: PMC4338776 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s73544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Currently, combined therapy using herbs and synthetic drugs has become a feasible therapeutic intervention against some diseases. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of supplementation with fenofibrate (FF), a chemical drug used for the treatment of hyperlipidemia, and the aqueous extract of Schisandrae Fructus (SF, a Chinese herb) pulp (AqSF-P) or an SF-related synthetic analog, bicyclol (BY), on serum/hepatic lipid levels and liver status in normal and hypercholesterolemic (HCL) mice. Methods Male mice obtained from the Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) were fed on a normal diet (ND) or high cholesterol/bile salt (0.5%/0.15%, w/w) diet (HCBD) containing FF (0.03% or 0.1%, w/w) with or without AqSF-P (0.3%−9.0%, based on crude herbal material, w/w) or BY (0.025%, w/w) for 10 days. Then serum lipid levels and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, as well as hepatic triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and glucose levels, were measured. Results Oral supplementation with FF significantly reduced serum and hepatic TG, TC, and hepatic glucose levels (approximately 79%) in mice fed with ND or HCBD. FF supplementation combined with AqSF-P or BY increased FF-induced reduction in hepatic TC and TG contents in ND-fed mice (up to 67%) and in HCBD-fed mice (up to 54%), when compared with FF supplementation alone. Hepatic glucose-lowering effect of FF was enhanced (up to 19%) by AqSF-P cosupplementation in both normal and HCL mice. FF supplementation enhanced the excretion of fecal TC (by 75%) in mice fed with HCBD. Fecal TC contents were increased by 14%/9% in the combination therapy with FF and AqSF-P in ND-/HCBD-fed mice. Serum ALT activity was elevated by 45% in HCBD-fed mice. FF caused a significant increase in ALT activity by 198% and 120% in normal and HCL mice, respectively. BY markedly attenuated the ALT activity by 54% in mice fed with ND supplemented with 0.1% FF and by 42% in mice fed with HCBD supplemented with 0.03% FF. Conclusion AqSF-P cosupplementation augmented the hepatic lipid-/glucose-lowering effects of FF. BY ameliorated FF-induced liver injury in normal and HCL mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Li Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Yuan Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Feng Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhu-Sheng Chu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kam-Ming Ko
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Li J, Wang J, Shao JQ, Du H, Wang YT, Peng L. Effect of Schisandra chinensis on interleukins, glucose metabolism, and pituitary-adrenal and gonadal axis in rats under strenuous swimming exercise. Chin J Integr Med 2014; 21:43-8. [PMID: 25141817 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-014-1765-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of Chinese medicine (CM) Schisandra chinensis on interleukin (IL), glucose metabolism, and pituitary-adrenal and gonadal axis of rats after strenuous navigation and exercise. METHODS A total of 45 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into the quiet control group, the stress group, and the CM group (15 in each group). The CM group received 2.5 g/kg of Schisandra chinensis twice per day for one week before modeling. Except the quiet controls, rats were trained using the Bedford mode for 10 days. On the 11th day, they performed 3 h of stressful experimental navigation and 3 h of strenuous treadmill exercise. The levels of serum testosterone (T), cortisol (CORT), luteinizing hormone (LH), IL-1, IL-2, and IL-6 were tested by radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The adrenal cortex ultrastructure was observed using electron microscopy. RESULTS Compared with the quiet control group, after navigation and strenuous exercise, blood glucose was increased, and T level was decreased in the stress group (both P<0.01). The blood glucose, CORT, IL-1 and IL-2 levels were significantly reduced in the CM group (P<0.05 or P<0.01) as compared with the stress group. Electron microscopy revealed that the rats in the CM group had a smaller decrease in adrenal intracellular lipid droplets and higher levels of apoptosis than those in the stress group. CONCLUSIONS Schisandra chinensis can reduce serum CORT and blood glucose levels in stressed rats. It appears to protect the cell structure of the adrenal cortex, and offset the negative effects of psychological stress and strenuous exercise related to immune dysfunction. Schisandra chinensis plays a regulatory role in immune function, and can decrease the influence of stress in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ma JZ, Yang LX, Shen XL, Qin JH, Deng LL, Ahmed S, Xu HX, Xue DY, Ye JX, Xu G. Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Plants on Anti-insulin Resistance Bioactivity of DXMS-Induced Insulin Resistant HepG2 Cells. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2014; 4:197-206. [PMID: 25089237 PMCID: PMC4111871 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-014-0028-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Medicinal plants have a long history of use in China to treat diabetic symptoms. Ancient Chinese medical manuscripts and ethnobotanical surveys document plant remedies that continue to be actively used in China for the treatment of diabetic symptoms. Based on a systematic ancient Chinese medical manuscripts review in combination with ethnobotanical survey, 16 medicinal plants for the traditional treatment of diabetic symptoms were identified for the evaluation of anti-insulin resistance bioactivity. The biological activity of 16 medicinal plants was tested on dexamethasone (DXMS)-induced insulin resistant HepG2 cells. The result shows that 11 of the 16 medicinal plants enhanced glucose uptake of DXMS-induced insulin resistant HepG2 cells, thereby demonstrating their ability to increase insulin sensitivity, other five medicinal plants including Astragalus membranaceus were found ineffective. The study shows that ancient Chinese medical manuscripts and ethnobotanical surveys on plants for the prevention and treatment of diabetic symptoms provide a promising knowledge base for drug discovery to mitigate the global diabetes epidemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Zeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Xin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 People’s Republic of China
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, 27 ZhongGuanCun South Avenue, Beijing, 100086 China
| | - Xiao-Ling Shen
- Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Drug Discovery, Tropical Medicine Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ji-Huan Qin
- Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Drug Discovery, Tropical Medicine Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405 People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Lan Deng
- Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224 People’s Republic of China
| | - Selena Ahmed
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, 27 ZhongGuanCun South Avenue, Beijing, 100086 China
- Sustainable Food and Bioenergy Systems Program, Department of Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA
| | - Hong-Xi Xu
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 People’s Republic of China
| | - Da-Yuan Xue
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, 27 ZhongGuanCun South Avenue, Beijing, 100086 China
| | - Jiang-Xia Ye
- Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224 People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zhang C, Mao X, Zhao X, Liu Z, Liu B, Li H, Bi K, Jia Y. Gomisin N isolated from Schisandra chinensis augments pentobarbital-induced sleep behaviors through the modification of the serotonergic and GABAergic system. Fitoterapia 2014; 96:123-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
47
|
Li X, Li L, Wang J, Wang T, Wang L. Two new lignans with antioxidative activities from Jatropha curcas. Nat Prod Res 2014; 28:1985-91. [PMID: 24870973 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.919284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Activity-guided isolation of dried seeds of Jatropha curcas L. led to the isolation of two new lignans along with eight known compounds. These compounds were determined by spectroscopic analysis to be jatrophasin C (1), jatrophasin D (2), β-sitosterol (3), jatrophasin A (4), daucosterol (5), isoamericanol A (6), ( ± )-3,3'-bisdemethylpinoresinol (7), 7'-epi-sesamin-dicatechol (8), isoprincepin (9) and americanol A (10), of which 1 and 2 were new compounds. The antioxidative activities along with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma exciting activity of these compounds were also determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Li
- a Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060 , P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wang XY, Yu ZL, Pan SY, Zhang Y, Sun N, Zhu PL, Jia ZH, Zhou SF, Ko KM. Supplementation with the extract of schisandrae fructus pulp, seed, or their combination influences the metabolism of lipids and glucose in mice fed with normal and hypercholesterolemic diet. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2014; 2014:472638. [PMID: 24876871 PMCID: PMC4021675 DOI: 10.1155/2014/472638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SCHISANDRAE FRUCTUS (SF), WHICH POSSESSES FIVE TASTES sweet (fruit skin), sour (pulp), bitter/pungent (seed core), and saltiness (all parts), can produce a wide spectrum of biological activities in the body. Here, we investigated the effects of the ethanolic extract of SF pulp, seed, or their combination (namely, EtSF-P, EtSF-S, or EtSF-P/S, resp.; collectively called EtSF) on the metabolism of lipids and glucose in normal diet- (ND-) and hypercholesterolemic diet- (HCLD-) fed mice. Supplementation with EtSF significantly reduced hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol levels by 18-47% in both ND- and HCLD-fed mice. EtSF supplementation reduced serum triglyceride levels (approximately 29%), whereas EtSF-P and EtSF-S/P elevated serum cholesterol (up to 26 and 44%, resp.) in HCLD-fed mice. Treatment with EtSF decreased hepatic glucose levels (by 9-44%) in both ND- and HCLD-fed mice. Supplementation with EtSF-S or EtSF-S/P (at 1 and 3%) increased biliary or fecal TC contents in HCLD-fed mice. However, supplementation with EtSF-S/P at 9% reduced biliary TC levels in HCLD-fed mice. EtSF-P or EtSF-S/P supplementation reduced serum alanine aminotransferase activity in HCLD-fed mice. The findings suggested that supplementation with EtSF lowered lipid and glucose accumulation in the liver and increased fecal cholesterol contents in mice. Dietary supplementation with EtSF-P or EtSF-S/P attenuated liver damage in HCLD-fed mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Si-Yuan Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Nan Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Pei-Li Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Zhan-Hong Jia
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Shu-Feng Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, FL 33612, USA
| | - Kam-Ming Ko
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Eddouks M, Bidi A, El Bouhali B, Hajji L, Zeggwagh NA. Antidiabetic plants improving insulin sensitivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 66:1197-214. [PMID: 24730446 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing at an alarming rate. This chronic pathology gravely troubled the human health and quality of life. Both insulin deficiency and insulin resistance are involved in the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. Moreover, insulin resistance is being diagnosed nowadays in a growing population of diabetic and obese patients, especially in industrialized societies. There are lots of conventional agents available to control and to treat diabetes, but total recovery from this disorder has not been reported up to this date. Plants provided a potential source of hypoglycemic drugs and are widely used in several traditional systems of medicine to prevent diabetes. A few reviews with less attention paid to mechanisms of action have been published on antidiabetic plants. OBJECTIVES The present review focuses on the various plants that have been reported to be effective in improving insulin sensitivity associated with diabetes. KEY FINDINGS In this work, an updated systematic review of the published literature has been conducted to review the antidiabetic plants improving insulin sensitivity and 111 medicinal plants have been reported to have a beneficial effect on insulin sensitivity using several in-vitro and in-vivo animal models of diabetes. CONCLUSION The different metabolic and cellular effects of the antidiabetic plants improving insulin sensitivity are reported indicating the important role of medicinal plants as potential alternative or complementary use in controlling insulin resistance associated with diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Eddouks
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University, Errachidia, Morocco
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Sun N, Pan SY, Zhang Y, Wang XY, Zhu PL, Chu ZS, Yu ZL, Zhou SF, Ko KM. Dietary pulp from Fructus Schisandra Chinensis supplementation reduces serum/hepatic lipid and hepatic glucose levels in mice fed a normal or high cholesterol/bile salt diet. Lipids Health Dis 2014; 13:46. [PMID: 24621253 PMCID: PMC3984702 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-13-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, it has been found that Fructus Schisandra Chinensis (FSC), a Chinese herbal medicine, and its related compounds have a profound impact on lipid metabolism process. FSC can be divided into two parts, i.e., seed and pulp. The current study aimed to examine the effect of aqueous extracts of FSC pulp (AqFSC-P) on serum/hepatic lipid and glucose levels in mice fed with a normal diet (ND) or a high cholesterol/bile salt diet (HCBD). Methods The AqFSC-P used in the present study was fractionated into supernatant (SAqFSC-P) and precipitate (PAqFSC-P) separated by centrifugation. Male ICR mice were fed with ND or HCBD, without or with supplementation of 1%, 3%, or 9% (w/w) SAqFSC-P or PAqFSC-P for 10 days. Biomarkers were determined according to the manufacturer’s instruction. Results Supplementation with SAqFSC-P or PAqFSC-P significantly reduced serum and hepatic triglyceride levels (approximately 40%) in ND- and/or HCBD-fed mice. The supplementation with SAqFSC-P or PAqFSC-P reduced hepatic total cholesterol levels (by 27 - 46%) in HCBD-fed mice. Supplementation with SAqFSC-P or PAqFSC-P markedly lowered hepatic glucose levels (by 13 - 30%) in ND- and HCBD-fed mice. SAqFSC-P decreased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, but PAqFSC-P increased hepatic protein contents in ND-fed mice. Bicylol, as a positive control, reduced ALT activity. In addition, mice supplemented with FSC-P or bicylol showed a smaller body weight gain and adipose tissue mass as compared to the respective un-supplemented ND- or HCBD-fed mice. Conclusion The results indicate that SAqFSC-P and PAqFSC-P produce hepatic lipid- and glucose-lowering as well as serum TG-lowering effects in hypercholesterolemic mice. FSC pulp may provide a safe alternative for the management of fatty liver and/or lipid disorders in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Si-Yuan Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|