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Adekunle YA, Samuel BB, Nahar L, Fatokun AA, Sarker SD. Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.) Guill. & Perr. (Combretaceae): A review of the traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of African birch. Fitoterapia 2024; 176:105979. [PMID: 38692415 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.) Guill. & Perr. belongs to the family Combretaceae and is used both by African traditional medical practitioners and livestock rearers to treat diseases such as African trypanosomiasis, animal diarrhoea, asthma, cancer, cough, diabetes, dysentery, erectile dysfunction, fever, giardiasis, helminthiases, meningitis, menstrual disorders, monkeypox, oral infections, poliomyelitis, sickle cell anaemia, snake bites, toothache, urinary schistosomiasis, and yellow fever. Some of these activities have been associated with the presence of polyphenols in the plant which include ellagic acid derivatives, flavonoids, stilbenes, tannins, and triterpenes. Several bioactive molecules have been identified from A. leiocarpus. These include the main active constituents, ellagitannins, ellagic acid derivates, flavonoids and triterpenes. Pharmacological studies have confirmed its antibacterial, antifungal, antihyperglycemic, antihypertensive, antimalarial, antioxidative, antiparasitic, antitumour and anti-ulcer effects. The stem bark has been investigated mainly for biological activities and phytochemistry, and it is the most mentioned plant part highlighted by the traditional users in ethnomedicinal surveys. In vitro and in vivo models, which revealed a wide range of pharmacological actions against parasites causing helminthiasis, leishmaniasis, malaria and trypanosomiasis, have been used to study compounds from A. leiocarpus. Because of its uses in African traditional medicine and veterinary practices, A. leiocarpus has received considerable attention from researchers. The current review provides a comprehensive overview and critical appraisal of scientific reports on A. leiocarpus, covering its traditional uses, pharmacological activities and phytochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yemi A Adekunle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Oduduwa Road, Ibadan 200132, Oyo State, Nigeria; Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Afe Babalola University, Km 8.5, Afe Babalola Way, P.M.B. 5454, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
| | - Babatunde B Samuel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Oduduwa Road, Ibadan 200132, Oyo State, Nigeria.
| | - Lutfun Nahar
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc 78371, Czech Republic.
| | - Amos A Fatokun
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom
| | - Satyajit D Sarker
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom
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Ezenyi I, Madan E, Singhal J, Jain R, Chakrabarti A, Ghousepeer GD, Pandey RP, Igoli N, Igoli J, Singh S. Screening of traditional medicinal plant extracts and compounds identifies a potent anti-leishmanial diarylheptanoid from Siphonochilus aethiopicus. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:2449-2463. [PMID: 37199276 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2212779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Available anti-leishmanial drugs are associated with toxic side effects, necessitating the search for safe and effective alternatives. This study is focused on identifying traditional medicinal plant natural products for anti-leishmanial potential and possible mechanism of action. Compounds S and T. cordifolia residual fraction (TC-5) presented the best anti-leishmanial activity (IC50: 0.446 and 1.028 mg/ml) against promastigotes at 48 h and less cytotoxicity to THP-1 macrophages. These test agents elicited increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines; TNFα and IL-12. In infected untreated macrophages, NO release was suppressed but was significantly (p < 0.05) increased in infected cells treated with compound S. Importantly, Compound S was found to interact with LdTopoIIdimer in silico, resulting in a likely reduced ability of nucleic acid (dsDNA)-remodelling and, as a result, parasite proliferation in vitro. Thereby, Compound S possesses anti-leishmanial activity and this effect occurs via a Th1-mediated pro-inflammatory response. An increase in NO release and its inhibitory effect on LdTopoII may also contribute to the anti-leishmanial effect of compound S. These results show the potential of this compound as a potential starting point for the discovery of novel anti-leishmanial leads.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifeoma Ezenyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Evanka Madan
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Jhalak Singhal
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravi Jain
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Amrita Chakrabarti
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
- Department of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, India
| | | | - Ramendra Pati Pandey
- Centre for Drug Design Discovery and Development, SRM University, Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Ngozichukwuka Igoli
- Centre for Food Technology and Research, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria
| | - John Igoli
- Centre for Medicinal Plants and Propolis Research, Department of Chemical Sciences, Pen Resource University, Gombe, Nigeria
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Shailja Singh
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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Iwuanyanwu VU, Banjo OW, Babalola KT, Olajide OA. Neuroprotection by Alstonia boonei De Wild., Anacardium occidentale L., Azadirachta indica A.Juss. and Mangifera indica L. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 310:116390. [PMID: 36965546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Alstonia boonei De Wild. (stem bark), Anacardium occidentale L. (stem bark), Azadirachta indica A.Juss (leaves), Enantia chlorantha Oliv. (stem bark), Khaya senegalensis A.Juss (stem bark) Mangifera indica L. (stem bark), and Nauclea latifolia Sm. (stem bark) are used for treating malaria in southwest Nigeria. Surveys revealed that these plants are also employed for treating symptoms of malaria and cerebral malaria in the region. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, the effects of freeze-dried extracts of these plants were investigated on synthetic hemozoin (HZ)-induced neuroinflammation, neuronal damage, and increased permeability of brain microvascular endothelial cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Effects of freeze-dried plant extracts were investigated on neuroinflammation by measuring levels of pro-inflammatory mediators in culture supernatants, while in-cell western assays were used to measure protein levels of iNOS and NLRP3. Effects on HZ-induced neurotoxicity and ROS generation was measured using MTT and DCFDA assays, respectively. HZ-induced permeability of hCMEC/D3 endothelial cells was determined using the in vitro vascular permeability assay kit. RESULTS The extracts produced significant (p < 0.05) reduction in TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1, RANTES and iNOS/NO production in HZ-stimulated BV-2 microglia. Pre-treatment with 50 μg/mL of A. boonei, A. indica, A. occidentale, E. chlorantha and M. indica also resulted in the inhibition of NF-κB activation. Pre-treatment with A. indica produced, A. occidentale, M. indica and A. boonei reduced HZ-induced increased NLRP3 protein expression. HZ-induced increased caspase-1 activity was also reduced by A. boonei, A. occidentale, A. indica, E. chlorantha, and M. indica. Freeze-dried extracts of A. boonei, A. occidentale, A. indica and M. indica produced neuroprotective effect in HT-22 neuronal cells incubated with HZ by preventing HZ-induced neurotoxicity, ROS generation, DNA fragmentation and caspase 3/7 activity. Inhibition of HZ-induced increase in permeability of human hCMEC/D3 brain endothelial cells was also observed with A. boonei, A. occidentale, A. indica and M. indica, while reducing the release of TNFα and MMP-9. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that A. boonei, A. occidentale, A. indica and M. indica are neuroprotective through inhibition of neuroinflammation, neuronal damage and increased permeability of blood brain barrier. The outcome of the study provides pharmacological evidence for the potential benefits of plants as herbal treatments for cerebral malaria symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria U Iwuanyanwu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, United Kingdom.
| | - Owolabi W Banjo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, United Kingdom.
| | - Kabirat T Babalola
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, United Kingdom.
| | - Olumayokun A Olajide
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, United Kingdom.
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Bezerra JJL, Pinheiro AAV, Dourado D. Antimalarial potential of Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae): A review of the ethnomedicinal, pharmacological, toxicological, and phytochemical evidence. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2023; 29:e20220079. [PMID: 37266375 PMCID: PMC10231345 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2022-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Several regions of the world frequently use the species Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) in traditional medicine. This situation is even more common in African countries. Many literature reports point to the antimalarial potential of this species, indicating the efficacy of its chemical compounds against malaria-causing parasites of the genus Plasmodium. From this perspective, the present study reviews the ethnobotanical, pharmacological, toxicological, and phytochemical (flavonoids) evidence of M. oleifera, focusing on the treatment of malaria. Scientific articles were retrieved from Google Scholar, PubMed®, ScienceDirect®, and SciELO databases. Only articles published between 2002 and 2022 were selected. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, this review used a total of 72 articles. These documents mention a large use of M. oleifera for the treatment of malaria in African and Asian countries. The leaves (63%) of this plant are the main parts used in the preparation of herbal medicines. The in vivo antimalarial activity of M. oleifera was confirmed through several studies using polar and nonpolar extracts, fractions obtained from the extracts, infusion, pellets, and oils obtained from this plant and tested in rodents infected by the following parasites of the genus Plasmodium: P. berghei, P. falciparum, P. yoelii, and P. chabaudi. Extracts obtained from M. oleifera showed no toxicity in preclinical tests. A total of 46 flavonoids were identified in the leaves and seeds of M. oleifera by different chromatography and mass spectrometry methods. Despite the scarcity of research on the antimalarial potential of compounds isolated from M. oleifera, the positive effects against malaria-causing parasites in previous studies are likely to correlate with the flavonoids that occur in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Jailson Lima Bezerra
- Graduate Program in Plant Biology, Department of Botany, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Douglas Dourado
- Graduate Program in Biosciences and Biotechnology in Health, Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães-Fiocruz Institute, Recife, PE, Brazil
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Kuhn Agnes KN, Boeff DD, de Oliveira Carvalho L, Konrath EL. Ethnobotanical knowledge on native Brazilian medicinal plants traditionally used as anthelmintic agents - A review. Exp Parasitol 2023; 249:108531. [PMID: 37044282 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal helminthiasis is a neglected disease that affects a significant portion of the global population, specifically in developing countries, where medicinal plants are widely used for therapeutic purposes. With the purpose to identify the native species used in traditional Brazilian medicine for the management of helminthiasis, ethnopharmacological books edited in Brazil documenting the folk use of medicinal plants were analyzed. The native species cited in at least three studies were selected, and bibliographic research was performed using electronic databases to identify their scientifically validated anthelmintic properties. The search retrieved 133 native species belonging to 88 genera and 43 families from all six Brazilian biomes. Fabaceae (14 Genera and 25 Species) and Asteraceae (7 Genera and 8 Species) were the most frequently cited families. The most reported native species were Baccharis crispa Spreng., Hymenaea courbaril L., Senna occidentalis (L.) Link, Carapa guianensis Aubl., Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich.) Vahl, Annona glabra L., Hymenaea stigonocarpa Mart. ex Hayne, Spigelia anthelmia L., Simarouba versicolor A.St.-Hil. and Anacardium occidentale L. Bark (19%) and leaves (17%) were the most commonly used plant parts, and decoction (27%) was the most preferred method of preparation. Evidence of the anthelmintic properties of most species was confirmed using in vitro assays for key human and animal parasites, including Haemonchus contortus, Hymenolepis diminuta, Schistosoma mansoni and Trichostrongylus spp. The species S. alata, S. occidentalis, A. occidentale, and S. anthelmia have been the subject of many biological studies, supporting their use as vermicides. The overall results obtained in this review revealed that Brazil is rich in traditional herbal medicines used to manage helminthiasis; however pharmacological investigations are lacking to confirm their therapeutic properties. Thus, this study could serve as a baseline to validate their use and encourage further clinical investigation of their vermifuge potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelin Natalia Kuhn Agnes
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daiana Daniele Boeff
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Letícia de Oliveira Carvalho
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Luis Konrath
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Antimalarial Activity of Crude Extract and Solvent Fractions of Leaves of Solanum nigrum L. (Solanaceae) against Plasmodium berghei in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/3426175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Current malaria treatment is associated with continued development of drug resistance. Thus, there is a need to develop safe and effective new treatments from different sources. Solanum nigrum L. (Solanaceae) is a plant used for the treatment of malaria in Ethiopian traditional medicine. This study was aimed at evaluating of antimalarial activity of the crude extract and fractions of S. nigrum L. (Solanaceae) leaves against P. berghei infection in mice. Method. Both prophylactic and suppressive models were used in evaluating antimalarial activity using the ANKA Plasmodium strain. In these models, male mice were randomly grouped into eleven groups (n = 5). Mice in group I were given 4% Tween-80, mice from group II up to X were given 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of plant extract, and the last group (XI) was treated with chloroquine (25 mg/kg). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey’s multiple comparison test. Results. Crude extract of leaves of S. nigrum showed chemosuppression of 30.68 (
), 42.42 (
), and 50.75% (
) at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg doses of the extract, respectively. At doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, the chloroform fraction produced a chemosuppressive effect of 40.15% (
), 53.78% (
), and 65.15% (
) and a chemoprophylactic effect of 42.7% (
), 51.84% (
), and 67.17% (
) when compared with negative control. In the suppressive model, the ethyl acetate fraction demonstrated a mean chemosuppression of 56.81% (
), 65.9% (
), and 70.83% (
). Similarly, in the prophylactic model, the fraction showed suppression of 42.70% (
), 53.11% (
), and 71.03% (
) at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg doses. On the acute oral toxicity test, the extracts were safe at 2 g/kg dose. Conclusion. S. nigrum L. has antimalarial activity and supports the traditional medical practice.
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Ajayi AM, Coker AI, Oyebanjo OT, Adebanjo IM, Ademowo OG. Ananas comosus (L) Merrill (pineapple) fruit peel extract demonstrates antimalarial, anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities in experimental models. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 282:114576. [PMID: 34461191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Pineapple (Ananas comosus) peel is a major waste in pineapple canning industry and it is reported to be used in ethnomedicine as a component of herbal remedies for malarial management. This study aimed to evaluate the antimalarial, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of Ananas comosus peel extract (PEAC). METHODS Ananas comosus peel was extracted with 80% methanol. PEAC (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) was investigated for antimalarial effect using Peter's 4-day suppressive test (4-DST) model in mice. Antinociceptive activity of PEAC was investigated in hot plate, acetic acid-induced writhing and formalin tests in mice. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using the lipopolysaccharides-induced sickness behavior in mice and carrageenan-induced air pouch in rats' models. RESULTS PEAC could not significantly (p > 0.05) suppressed parasitemia level at 7-day post-infection in 4-DST. PEAC (400 mg/kg) mildly prolongs survival of infected mice up till day 21. PEAC demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) antinociceptive activity by increasing latency to jump on the hot plate, reduced number of writhings in acetic acid test and reduced paw licking time in 2nd phase of formalin test. PEAC significantly reduced anxiogenic and depressive-like symptoms of sickness behavior in LPS-injected mice. PEAC demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced air pouch experiment by reducing exudates formation, inflammatory cell counts, and nitrite, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 levels. CONCLUSION Ananas comosus peel extract demonstrated mild antimalarial activity but significant anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties probably mediated via inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abayomi M Ajayi
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria.
| | - Adekunle I Coker
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria.
| | - Oyetola T Oyebanjo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, Ben Carson School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun-state, Nigeria.
| | - Iyanuoluwa Mary Adebanjo
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria.
| | - Olusegun G Ademowo
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria; Institute of Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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Lima LFD, Oliveira JOD, Carneiro JNP, Lima CNF, Coutinho HDM, Morais-Braga MFB. Ethnobotanical and antimicrobial activities of the Gossypium (Cotton) genus: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 279:114363. [PMID: 34216726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Malvaceae family, an important group of plants that have the Gossypium (cotton) genus has been used in folk medicine to treat microbial diseases and symptoms. AIMS OF THE STUDY This article aims to understand its ethnobotany expression in communities and scientific elucidation of antimicrobial activities of this genus through literature review. MATERIALS AND METHODS The bibliographic survey was carried out from 1999 to 2019 with keywords combinations such as "Gossypium + ethnobotanical", " Gossypium + medicinal ", "Gossypium + the biological activity" in scientific databases as Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, DOAJ, Scielo, Bireme. RESULTS After data analysis, we found that the Gossypium genus, specifically Gossypium hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. herbaceum, G. arboreum are the species most cited in the treatment of microbial diseases and symptoms in communities all over the world. In light of scientific elucidation of biological activities, the Gossypium genus has been used to treat protozoal, bacterial, fungal, and viral diseases. CONCLUSIONS The review demonstrated that the Gossypium genus is a promising source of biological activities against microbial diseases, especially in the treatment of protozoal diseases like malaria.
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Kavaye Kandeda A, Okomolo Moto FC, Mbomo Ayissi RE, Omam Omam JP, Ojong L, Ngo Bum E. Pergularia daemia hydro-ethanolic extract protects against pentylenetetrazole kindling-induced seizures, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 279:114338. [PMID: 34144196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Current antiepileptic drugs fail to control approximately 30% of epilepsies. Therefore, there is a need to develop more effective antiepileptic drugs, and medicinal plants provide an attractive source for new compounds. Pergularia daemia (Asclepiadaceae) is used in Cameroon traditional medicine to treat stroke, anemia, inflammation, and epilepsy. Recently, traditional healers claim that an hydro-ethanolic extract of the roots of P. daemia is more effective than an aqueous extract on refractory seizures. AIM OF THE STUDY The antiepileptic effect of P. daemia hydro-ethanolic extract was investigated on the pentylenetetrazole kindling model of temporal lobe epilepsy in mice and possible mechanisms of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were divided into 8 groups treated as follows: normal group received distilled water (10 ml/kg, p.o.), control group received distilled water (10 ml/kg, p.o.), ethanol group received ethanol (5%, p.o.), positive control received sodium valproate (300 mg/kg, p.o.), and test groups received P. daemia hydro-ethanolic (HE) extract (1.6, 4, 8 and 16 mg/kg, p.o.). All groups were kindled by 11 injections of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) (35 mg/kg, i.p.), once every alternate day (48 ± 2 h), until the development of kindling, i.e., the occurrence of stage 5 seizures for two consecutive trials. One week later, i.e., 29th day, mice were challenged with a single and lower dose of PTZ (25 mg/kg, i.p.) that does not induce seizures in normal mice but causes seizures in mice prone to seizures and behavioral alterations. After completion of the kindling procedure, Morris water maze, passive avoidance, and open field tests were performed. Afterward, animals were euthanized, and hippocampi were removed for the estimation of the levels of GABA-transaminase (GABA-T), L-glutamate decarboxylase (L-GAD), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation markers also were quantified. Finally, histological analysis of the hippocampus was carried out. RESULTS PTZ-kindling induced myoclonic jerks and generalized tonic-clonic seizures in control mice. However, the HE extract of P. daemia (4-16 mg/kg), compared to sodium valproate, significantly protected mice against myoclonic jerks and generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Also, the HE extract (1.6-16 mg/kg) significantly increased the seizure score. Furthermore, the HE extract of P. daemia significantly reduced seizure-induced cognitive impairments. PTZ-kindling induced significant alterations in GABA, GABA-T, and L-GAD contents as well as oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, and the HE extract significantly reversed these effects, suggesting possible mechanisms. All these activities of the HE extract were confirmed by its protective effect against neuronal loss in the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS The HE extract of P. daemia protected mice against kindled seizures and cognitive impairments, and these effects were greater than those of sodium valproate, a widely used antiepileptic drug. These effects may be mediated by neuromodulatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities, thus suggesting a neuroprotective effect. These findings help to explain the beneficial use of these HE extracts of P.daemia in traditional medicine to treat epilepsy in Cameroon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Kavaye Kandeda
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Fleur Clarisse Okomolo Moto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 47, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Rigobert Espoir Mbomo Ayissi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 47, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Jean Pierre Omam Omam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 47, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Lucie Ojong
- Center of Medical Research, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, P.O. Box 6163, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Elisabeth Ngo Bum
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 52, Maroua, Cameroon.
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Frimpong EK, Asong JA, Aremu AO. A Review on Medicinal Plants Used in the Management of Headache in Africa. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102038. [PMID: 34685845 PMCID: PMC8539318 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The use of medicinal plants in the management of diverse ailments is entrenched in the culture of indigenous people in African communities. This review provides a critical appraisal of the ethnobotanical uses of medicinal plants for the management of headache in Africa. Research articles published from 2010 (Jan) to 2021 (July) with keywords such as Africa, ethnobotany, headache, medicinal plant and traditional medicine were assessed for eligibility based on sets of pre-defined criteria. A total of 117 plants, representing 56 families, were documented from the 87 eligible studies. Asteraceae (10%), Fabaceae (10%), Lamiaceae (9%) and Mimosaceae (5%) were the most represented plant families. The most popular plant species used in the management of headache were Ocimum gratissimum L. (n = 7), Allium sativum L. (n = 3), Ricinus communis L. (n = 3) and Artemisia afra Jack. ex. Wild (n = 2). The leaves (49%), roots (20%) and bark (12%) were the most common plant parts used. Decoction (40%) and infusion (16%) were the preferred methods of preparation, whereas the oral route (52%) was the most preferred route of administration. The data revealed that medicinal plants continue to play vital roles in the management of headache in African communities. In an attempt to fully explore the benefits from the therapeutic potential of indigenous flora for common ailments, further studies are essential to generate empirical evidence on their efficacies, using appropriate test systems/models. This approach may assist with the ongoing drive towards the integration of African traditional medicine within mainstream healthcare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebenezer Kwabena Frimpong
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2790, South Africa;
- Correspondence: (E.K.F.); (A.O.A.); Tel.: +27-18-389-2573 (A.O.A.)
| | - John Awungnjia Asong
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2790, South Africa;
| | - Adeyemi Oladapo Aremu
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2790, South Africa;
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2790, South Africa
- Correspondence: (E.K.F.); (A.O.A.); Tel.: +27-18-389-2573 (A.O.A.)
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Bridi H, de Carvalho Meirelles G, Lino von Poser G. Subtribe Hyptidinae (Lamiaceae): A promising source of bioactive metabolites. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 264:113225. [PMID: 32763419 PMCID: PMC7403033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The subtribe Hyptidinae contains approximately 400 accepted species distributed in 19 genera (Hyptis, Eriope, Condea, Cantinoa, Mesosphaerum, Cyanocephalus, Hypenia, Hyptidendron, Oocephalus, Medusantha, Gymneia, Marsypianthes, Leptohyptis, Martianthus, Asterohyptis, Eplingiella, Physominthe, Eriopidion and Rhaphiodon). This is the Lamiaceae clade with the largest number of species in Brazil and high rates of endemism. Some species have been used in different parts of the world mainly as insecticides/pest repellents, wound healing and pain-relief agents, as well as for the treatment of respiratory and gastrointestinal disorders. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review aims to discuss the current status concerning the taxonomy, ethnobotanical uses, phytochemistry and biological properties of species which compose the subtribe Hyptidinae. MATERIALS AND METHODS The available information was collected from scientific databases (ScienceDirect, Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, ChemSpider, SciFinder ACS Publications, Wiley Online Library), as well as other literature sources (e.g. books, theses). RESULTS The phytochemical investigations of plants of this subtribe have led to the identification of almost 300 chemical constituents of different classes such as diterpenes, triterpenes, lignans, α-pyrones, flavonoids, phenolic acids and monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, as components of essential oils. Extracts, essential oils and isolated compounds showed a series of biological activities such as insecticide/repellent, antimicrobial and antinociceptive, justifying some of the popular uses of the plants. In addition, a very relevant fact is that several species produce podophyllotoxin and related lignans. CONCLUSION Several species of Hyptidinae are used in folk medicine for treating many diseases but only a small fraction of the species has been explored and most of the traditional uses have not been validated by current investigations. In addition, the species of the subtribe appear to be very promising as alternative sources of podophyllotoxin-like lignans which are the lead compounds for the semi-synthesis of teniposide and etoposide, important antineoplastic agents. Thus, there is a wide-open door for future studies, both to support the popular uses of the plants and to find new biologically active compounds in this large number of species not yet explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Bridi
- Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Avenida Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gabriela de Carvalho Meirelles
- Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Avenida Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gilsane Lino von Poser
- Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Avenida Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Ezenyi IC, Okpoko CK, Ufondu CA, Okhale SE, Adzu B. Antiplasmodial, antinociceptive and antipyretic potential of the stem bark extract of Burkea africana and identification of its antiplasmodial-active fraction. J Tradit Complement Med 2021; 11:311-317. [PMID: 34195025 PMCID: PMC8240106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Burkea africana stem bark is used as a remedy for malaria in north-central and southern Nigeria. Based on its traditional use, this study was conducted to investigate the antiplasmodial, antinociceptive and antipyretic potential of an extract of B. africana stem bark. Experimental procedure A 70% v/v ethanol extract of stem bark of B. africana was prepared by cold maceration. Fractions (dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and residual) were also prepared. The extract was screened for hemolytic, cytotoxic and antiplasmodial activity effects. The effect of the extract and fractions against chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and multi-drug resistant (W2mef) P. falciparum was assessed. Acute toxicity test, acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing in mice, and lipopolysaccharide-induced fever in rats were also employed to screen the extract. Chromatographic fingerprints of the extract and active fraction were obtained. Results B. africana extract showed no cytotoxic or significant hemolytic effects and did not cause acute toxicity or mortality. The ethanol extract exhibited moderate antiplasmodial activity while the dichloromethane fraction showed high activity against P. falciparum 3D7 (IC50 = 6.44 μg/ml) and W2mef (IC50 = 6.30 μg/ml) respectively. The extract elicited significant (p < 0.05) attenuation of acetic acid-induced writhing and significantly (p < 0.05) ameliorated lipopolysaccharide-induced pyrexia at 300 mg/kg. The HPLC profile of the dichloromethane fraction showed peaks with retention times that corresponded with those of rutin and caffeic acid. Conclusion Burkea africana extract has antiplasmodial, antinociceptive and antipyretic potential and its antiplasmodial constituents are concentrated in its dichloromethane fraction. Burkea africana used as antimalarial remedy alleviates peripheral pain and fever. The extract and its dichloromethane fraction possess antiplasmodial activity. Antiplasmodial activity is concentrated in the dichloromethane fraction. Intra-erythrocytic targets may be distinct from those of chloroquine and artesunate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifeoma C Ezenyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Idu, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Chinazo K Okpoko
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Idu, Abuja, Nigeria.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Chinasa A Ufondu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Idu, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Samuel E Okhale
- Department of Medicinal Plant Research and Traditional Medicine, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Idu, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Bulus Adzu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Idu, Abuja, Nigeria
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Das G, Lim KJ, Tantengco OAG, Carag HM, Gonçalves S, Romano A, Das SK, Coy-Barrera E, Shin HS, Gutiérrez-Grijalva EP, Heredia JB, Patra JK. Cactus: Chemical, nutraceutical composition and potential bio-pharmacological properties. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1248-1283. [PMID: 33025610 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cactus species are plants that grow in the arid and semiarid regions of the world. They have long fascinated the attention of the scientific community due to their unusual biology. Cactus species are used for a variety of purposes, such as food, fodder, ornamental, and as medicinal plants. In the last regard, they have been used in traditional medicine for eras by the ancient people to cure several diseases. Recent scientific investigations suggest that cactus materials may be used as a source of naturally-occurring products, such as mucilage, fiber, pigments, and antioxidants. For this reason, numerous species under this family are becoming endangered and extinct. This review provides an overview of the habitat, classification, phytochemistry, chemical constituents, extraction and isolation of bioactive compounds, nutritional and pharmacological potential with pre-clinical and clinical studies of different Cactus species. Furthermore, conservation strategies for the ornamental and endangered species have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitishree Das
- Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Jik Lim
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Harold M Carag
- Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Sandra Gonçalves
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Universidade do Algarve, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Anabela Romano
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Universidade do Algarve, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Swagat Kumar Das
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering and Technology, Biju Patnaik University of Technology, Kalinga Nagar, Ghatikia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ericsson Coy-Barrera
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Cajicá, Colombia
| | - Han-Seung Shin
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, Republic of Korea
| | - Erick Paul Gutiérrez-Grijalva
- Department of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Cátedras CONACYT-Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Culiacán, Mexico
| | - J Basilio Heredia
- Department of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Culiacán, Mexico
| | - Jayanta Kumar Patra
- Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, Republic of Korea
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Novotna B, Polesny Z, Pinto-Basto MF, Van Damme P, Pudil P, Mazancova J, Duarte MC. Medicinal plants used by 'root doctors', local traditional healers in Bié province, Angola. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 260:112662. [PMID: 32147477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE This study is one of the first post-civil war efforts to document traditional botanical knowledge in Bié province, central Angola, in a first step to bring more studies on the use of medicinal plant resources in this area so as to bring new insights into Angolan bio-cultural diversity. AIM OF THE STUDY Examine the variety of plant species used for medical purposes, as well as characterize their social and cultural values. Also, it is aimed to compare their uses in the studied region with those in Sub-Saharan Africa and report new ethnomedicinal uses. MATERIALS AND METHODS We documented traditional medicinal plant knowledge among professional herbalists in two areas in Bié province through participatory observation, semi-structured interviews and transect walks. Ethnobotanical information was quantified based on Use Reports to (1) rate traditional knowledge; and (2) determine most useful taxa. RESULTS In total, 10 traditional healers shared information on their knowledge. A total of 87 plant species distributed among 57 genera and 36 botanical families were documented with Fabaceae being the best-represented family with 18 species, followed by Phyllanthaceae (6), Apocynaceae (5), Asteraceae (5), Rubiaceae (5), Lamiaceae (4), and Ochnaceae (3). Most medicinal plants are usually gathered at a distance from human settlements because of the belief in the higher efficacy of 'wild' plants shared by all herbalists. Roots are the most common plant part used (79%), explaining why the consulted herbalists call themselves 'root doctors'. CONCLUSIONS The culturally most important medicinal species identified in this study, i.e. Securidaca longepedunculata, Garcinia huillensis, Annona stenophylla, Afzelia quanzensis and Strychnos cocculoides, were previously reported for the same use in neighbouring countries and elsewhere in Africa. Our study also indicates that there are several locally valuable species that have not yet been studied for their medical potential, to name a few: Alvesia rosmarinifolia, Diplorhynchus condylocarpon, Eriosema affine, Paropsia brazzaeana, Rhus squalida, Sclerocroton cornutus or Xylopia tomentosa. Moreover, the ethnomedicinal use of 26 species was reported for the first time to sub-Saharan Africa. CLASSIFICATION Ethnopharmacological field studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Novotna
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha - Suchdol, Czech Republic; Department of General Anthropology, Faculty of Humanities, Charles University, U Kříže 8, 158 00, Praha 5, Jinonice, Czech Republic.
| | - Zbynek Polesny
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha - Suchdol, Czech Republic.
| | | | - Patrick Van Damme
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha - Suchdol, Czech Republic; Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Agronomy and Ethnobotany, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Petr Pudil
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha - Suchdol, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Mazancova
- Department of Sustainable Technologies, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha - Suchdol, Czech Republic.
| | - Maria Cristina Duarte
- CE3C - Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Phytochemistry, pharmacology and medicinal uses of Cola (Malvaceae) family: a review. Med Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02637-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Antimicrobial Importance of Medicinal Plants in Nigeria. ScientificWorldJournal 2020; 2020:7059323. [PMID: 33029108 PMCID: PMC7528132 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7059323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the success of antibiotic discovery, infectious diseases remain the second leading source of death worldwide, while the resistance to antibiotics is among the significant problems in the twenty-first century. Medicinal plants are very rich in phytochemicals which can be structurally optimized and processed into new drugs. Nigeria enjoys a diverse collection of medicinal plants, and joint research has ascertained the efficacy of these plants. Plants such as guava (Psidium guajava), ginger (Zingiber officinale), neem (Azadirachta indica), and moringa (Moringa oleifera) have been found to exhibit broad range of antimicrobial activities. Studies on Nigerian plants have shown that they contain alkaloids, polyphenols, terpenes, glycosides, and others with possible therapeutic potentials. The antimicrobial activities of some new compounds such as alloeudesmenol, hanocokinoside, orosunol, and 8-demethylorosunol, identified from medicinal plants in Nigeria, are not yet explored. Further investigation and optimization of these compounds will facilitate the development of new sets of pharmacologically acceptable antimicrobial agents. This review study revealed the efficacy of medicinal plants as an alternative therapy in combating and curtailing the development and survival of multidrug-resistant pathogens coupled with the toxic effects of some antibiotics. Due to enormous therapeutic possibilities buried in medicinal plants, there is a need for more research into unique fingerprints and novel compounds that can provide cure to the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) of humans and animals facing Africa, especially Nigeria.
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Acacia senegal Extract Rejuvenates the Activity of Phenicols on Selected Enterobacteriaceae Multi Drug Resistant Strains. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9060323. [PMID: 32545716 PMCID: PMC7344600 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9060323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reported the phytochemical composition of two hydroethanolic extracts of Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal trees from Burkina Faso and their activities, alone or in combination with selected antibiotics, against multidrug resistant bacteria. High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method was used for phytochemical screening. Total phenolic and total flavonoid ant tannins in leaves extracts contents were assessed by spectrophotometric method. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of plant extracts and antibiotics were determined using the microdilution method and p-iodonitrotetrazolium chloride. Combinations of extracts and antibiotics were studied using checkerboard assays. Screening revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and tannins in the hydroethanolic extract (HE) of the leaves. The HE of A. seyal showed the highest total phenolic (571.30 ± 6.97 mg GAE/g), total flavonoids (140.41 ± 4.01 mg RTE/g), and tannins (24.72 ± 0.14%, condensed; 35.77 ± 0.19%, hydrolysable tannins). However, the HE of A. senegal showed the lowest total phenolic (69.84 ± 3.54 mg GAE/g), total flavonoids (27.32 ± 0.57 mg RTE/g), and tannins (14.60 ± 0.01%, condensed; 3.09 ± 0.02%, hydrolysable). The MICs for HE and antibiotics were in the range of 2–512 and 0.008–1024 mg/L, respectively. All tested HE presented an MIC greater than 512 mg/L except HE of A. senegal. The lowest MIC value (128 mg/L) was obtained with HE of A. senegal against Klebsiella aerogenes EA298 and Escherichia coli AG100A. Interesting restoring effects on chloramphenicol and florphenicol activity were detected with alcoholic extracts of A. senegal against resistant E. coli and K. aerogenes strains that overproduce AcrAB or FloR pumps. The adjuvant effect of HE of A. senegal suggests that the crude extract of leaves could be a potential source of molecules for improving the susceptibility of bacteria to phenicols antibiotics.
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Ezenyi IC, Verma V, Singh S, Okhale SE, Adzu B. Ethnopharmacology-aided antiplasmodial evaluation of six selected plants used for malaria treatment in Nigeria. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 254:112694. [PMID: 32092499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sub - Saharan Africa has a high malaria burden and Nigeria accounts for majority of malaria cases worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate selected plants extracts used against malaria in Nigeria for antiplasmodial activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS An ethnomedicinal based - approach by literature survey was used to identify plants used in the study. The parts of the plant used were collected and extracted with 70% v/v ethanol; a portion of each extract was used to prepare successive solvent and residual fractions. Chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) P. falciparum strain and human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) were used for antiplasmodial and cytotoxicity screening respectively. Hemolysis assay was also carried out on red blood cells (RBCs). Test for in vivo efficacy of an active extract was conducted in a mouse model of established P. berghei ANKA-infection. RESULTS A total of six plants; Andropogon schirensis, Celtis durandii, Chasmanthera dependens, Daniellia ogea, Icacina trichantha and Triumfetta cordifolia were selected and screened. Triumfetta cordifolia leaf extract was observed to display moderate in vitro antiplasmodial activity (IC50 = 48.09 μg/ml) and was non-toxic to HEK293 cells and erythrocytes. At a dose of 400 mg/kg, T. cordifolia significantly (p<0.001) suppressed parasitemia, significantly (p<0.001) inhibited RBC depletion and prolonged survival in infected mice. CONCLUSIONS T. cordifolia ethanol extract possesses antiplasmodial efficacy and this is the first report of its kind on the plant. It is a potential candidate for further studies to identify its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C Ezenyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), Idu, Abuja, Nigeria.
| | - V Verma
- Special Center for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi, 110067, India
| | - S Singh
- Special Center for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - S E Okhale
- Department of Medicinal Plant Research and Traditional Medicine, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), Idu, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - B Adzu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), Idu, Abuja, Nigeria
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Khan WM, Shah SZ, Khan MS, Akhtar N. Evaluation of indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants from Tall Dardyal Hills, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. J Herb Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2019.100314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Manya MH, Keymeulen F, Ngezahayo J, Bakari AS, Kalonda ME, Kahumba BJ, Duez P, Stévigny C, Lumbu SJB. Antimalarial herbal remedies of Bukavu and Uvira areas in DR Congo: An ethnobotanical survey. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 249:112422. [PMID: 31765762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The main objective of the present study was to collect and gather information on herbal remedies traditionally used for the treatment of malaria in Bukavu and Uvira, two towns of the South Kivu province in DRC. MATERIAL AND METHODS Direct interview with field enquiries allowed collecting ethnobotanical data; for each plant, a specimen was harvested in the presence of the interviewed traditional healers (THs). The recorded information included vernacular names, morphological parts of plants, methods of preparation and administration of remedies, dosage and treatment duration. Plants were identified with the help of botanists in the herbaria of INERA/KIPOPO (DRC) and the Botanic Garden of Meise (Belgium), where voucher specimens have been deposited. The results were analysed and discussed in the context of previous published data. RESULTS Interviewees cited 45 plant species belonging to 41 genera and 21 families used for the treatment of malaria. These plants are used in the preparation of 52 recipes, including 25 multi-herbal recipes and 27 mono-herbal recipes. Apart of Artemisia annua L. (Asteraceae; % Citation frequency = 34%) and Carica papaya L. (Caricaceae; % Citation frequency = 34%), the study has highlighted that the most represented families are Asteraceae with 12 species (26%), followed by Fabaceae with 7 species (16%) and Rubiaceae with 4 species (9%). For a majority of plants, herbal medicines are prepared from the leaves in the form of decoction and administered by oral route. CONCLUSION Literature data indicate that part of cited species are already known (38%) and/or studied (30%) for antimalarial properties, which gives credit to the experience of Bukavu and Uvira interviewees and some level of confidence on collected information. The highly cited plants should be investigated in details for the isolation and identification of active ingredients, a contribution to the discovery of new possibly effective antimalarials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mboni Henry Manya
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Lubumbashi, BP. 1825, Lubumbashi, Congo; Service de Chimie Organique, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Lubumbashi, BP. 1825, Lubumbashi, Congo; Unité de Pharmacognosie, Bioanalyse et Médicaments, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus de la Plaine - CP205/9, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050, Bruxelles, Belgium.
| | - Flore Keymeulen
- Unité de Pharmacognosie, Bioanalyse et Médicaments, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus de la Plaine - CP205/9, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Jérémie Ngezahayo
- Unité de Pharmacognosie, Bioanalyse et Médicaments, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus de la Plaine - CP205/9, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Amuri Salvius Bakari
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Lubumbashi, BP. 1825, Lubumbashi, Congo
| | - Mutombo Emery Kalonda
- Service de Chimie Organique, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Lubumbashi, BP. 1825, Lubumbashi, Congo
| | - Byanga Joh Kahumba
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Lubumbashi, BP. 1825, Lubumbashi, Congo
| | - Pierre Duez
- Service de Chimie Thérapeutique et de Pharmacognosie, Université de Mons (UMONS), 20 Place du Parc, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Caroline Stévigny
- Unité de Pharmacognosie, Bioanalyse et Médicaments, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus de la Plaine - CP205/9, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Simbi Jean-Baptiste Lumbu
- Service de Chimie Organique, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Lubumbashi, BP. 1825, Lubumbashi, Congo
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Petricevich VL, Abarca-Vargas R. Allamanda cathartica: A Review of the Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Biotechnology. Molecules 2019; 24:E1238. [PMID: 30934947 PMCID: PMC6480200 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we explore the current knowledge about the phytochemistry and in vitro and in vivo evaluations of the extracts and, where appropriate, the main active components characterized and isolated from the Allamanda cathartica. Of the 15 Allamanda species, most phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological studies have focused on A. cathartica. These plants are used for the treatment of various health disorders. Numerous phytochemical investigations of plants from the A. cathartica have shown the presence of hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, fatty acids, phospholipids, volatile compounds, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, terpenes, lactones, and carbohydrates. Various studies have confirmed that extracts and active substances isolated from the A. cathartica have multiple pharmacological activities. The species A. cathartica has emerged as a source of traditional medicine used for human health. Further studies on the phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological properties and their mechanisms of action, safety, and efficacy in the species of A. cathartica is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera L Petricevich
- Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos (UAEM), Calle, Leñeros, esquina Iztaccíhuatl s/n. Col. Volcanes, Cuernavaca, C.P. Morelos 62350, Mexico.
| | - Rodolfo Abarca-Vargas
- Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos (UAEM), Calle, Leñeros, esquina Iztaccíhuatl s/n. Col. Volcanes, Cuernavaca, C.P. Morelos 62350, Mexico.
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Adeniyi A, Asase A, Ekpe PK, Asitoakor BK, Adu-Gyamfi A, Avekor PY. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants from Ghana; confirmation of ethnobotanical uses, and review of biological and toxicological studies on medicinal plants used in Apra Hills Sacred Grove. J Herb Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Tchicaillat-Landou M, Petit J, Gaiani C, Miabangana ES, Kimbonguila A, Nzikou JM, Scher J, Matos L. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by traditional healers for the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases in the Congo Basin. J Herb Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Odoh UE, Uzor PF, Eze CL, Akunne TC, Onyegbulam CM, Osadebe PO. Medicinal plants used by the people of Nsukka Local Government Area, south-eastern Nigeria for the treatment of malaria: An ethnobotanical survey. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 218:1-15. [PMID: 29477369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOBOTANICAL RELEVANCE Malaria is a serious public health problem especially in sub-Saharan African countries such as Nigeria. The causative parasite is increasingly developing resistance to the existing drugs. There is urgent need for alternative and affordable therapy from medicinal plants which have been used by the indigenous people for many years. AIM OF STUDY This study was conducted to document the medicinal plant species traditionally used by the people of Nsukka Local Government Area in south-eastern Nigeria for the treatment of malaria. METHODS A total of 213 respondents, represented by women (59.2%) and men (40.8%), were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. The results were analysed and discussed in the context of previously published information on anti-malarial and phytochemical studies of the identified plants. RESULTS The survey revealed that 50 plant species belonging to 30 botanical families were used in this region for the treatment of malaria. The most cited families were Apocynaceae (13.3%), Annonaceae (10.0%), Asteraceae (10.0%), Lamiaceae (10.0%), Poaceae (10.0%), Rubiaceae (10.0%) and Rutaceae (10.0%). The most cited plant species were Azadirachta indica (11.3%), Mangifera indica (9.1%), Carica papaya (8.5%), Cymbopogon citratus (8.5%) and Psidium guajava (8.5%). CONCLUSION The present findings showed that the people of Nsukka use a large variety of plants for the treatment of malaria. The identified plants are currently undergoing screening for anti-malarial, toxicity and chemical studies in our laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uchenna E Odoh
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Environmental Medicines, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria
| | - Philip F Uzor
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria.
| | - Chidimma L Eze
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Environmental Medicines, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria
| | - Theophine C Akunne
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria
| | - Chukwuma M Onyegbulam
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Environmental Medicines, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria
| | - Patience O Osadebe
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria.
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Bading Taika B, Bouckandou M, Souza A, Bourobou Bourobou HP, MacKenzie LS, Lione L. An overview of anti-diabetic plants used in Gabon: Pharmacology and toxicology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 216:203-228. [PMID: 29305175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The management of diabetes mellitus management in African communities, especially in Gabon, is not well established as more than 60% of population rely on traditional treatments as primary healthcare. The aim of this review was to collect and present the scientific evidence for the use of medicinal plants that are in currect by Gabonese traditional healers to manage diabetes or hyperglycaemia based here on the pharmacological and toxicological profiles of plants with anti-diabetic activity. There are presented in order to promote their therapeutic value, ensure a safer use by population and provide some bases for further study on high potential plants reviewed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethnobotanical studies were sourced using databases such as Online Wiley library, Pubmed, Google Scholar, PROTA, books and unpublished data including Ph.D. and Master thesis, African and Asian journals. Keywords including 'Diabetes', 'Gabon', 'Toxicity', 'Constituents', 'hyperglycaemia' were used. RESULTS A total of 69 plants currently used in Gabon with potential anti-diabetic activity have been identified in the literature, all of which have been used in in vivo or in vitro studies. Most of the plants have been studied in human or animal models for their ability to reduce blood glucose, stimulate insulin secretion or inhibit carbohydrates enzymes. Active substances have been identified in 12 out of 69 plants outlined in this review, these include Allium cepa and Tabernanthe iboga. Only eight plants have their active substances tested for anti-diabetic activity and are suitables for further investigation. Toxicological data is scarce and is dose-related to the functional parameters of major organs such as kidney and liver. CONCLUSION An in-depth understanding on the pharmacology and toxicology of Gabonese anti-diabetic plants is lacking yet there is a great scope for new treatments. With further research, the use of Gabonese anti-diabetic plants is important to ensure the safety of the diabetic patients in Gabon.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bading Taika
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Postgraduate Medicine, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, UK; IPHAMETRA Institute, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, CENAREST, Libreville, Gabon.
| | - M Bouckandou
- IPHAMETRA Institute, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, CENAREST, Libreville, Gabon
| | - A Souza
- Institut National Supérieur d'Agronomie et de Biotechnologies (INSAB), Franceville, Gabon
| | - H P Bourobou Bourobou
- IPHAMETRA Institute, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, CENAREST, Libreville, Gabon
| | - L S MacKenzie
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Postgraduate Medicine, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, UK
| | - L Lione
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Postgraduate Medicine, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, UK
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Haudecoeur R, Peuchmaur M, Pérès B, Rome M, Taïwe GS, Boumendjel A, Boucherle B. Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of African Nauclea species: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 212:106-136. [PMID: 29045823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOALOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus Nauclea in Africa comprises seven species. Among them, N. latifolia, N. diderrichii and N. pobeguinii are widely used by the local population in traditional remedies. Preparation from various parts of plants (e.g. roots, bark, leaves) are indicated by traditional healers for a wide range of diseases including malaria, pain, digestive ailments or metabolic diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search was conducted on African species of the genus Nauclea using scientific databases such as Google Scholar, Pubmed or SciFinder. Every document of ethnopharmacological, phytochemical or pharmacological relevance and written in English or French were analyzed. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The Nauclea genus is used as ethnomedicine all along sub-Saharan Africa. Several local populations consider Nauclea species as a major source of remedies for malaria. In this regard, two improved traditional medicines are currently under development using extracts from N. latifolia and N. pobeguinii. Concerning the chemical composition of the Nauclea genus, indoloquinolizidines alkaloids could be considered as the major class of compounds as they are reported in every analyzed Nauclea species, with numerous structures identified. Based on traditional indications a considerable amount of pharmacological studies were conducted to ensure activity and attempt to link them to the presence of particular compounds in plant extracts. CONCLUSION Many experimental studies using plant extracts of the African species of the genus Nauclea validate traditional indications (e.g. malaria and pain). However, bioactive compounds are rarely identified and therefore, there is a clear need for further evaluations as well as for toxicity experiments. The sustainability of these plants, especially of N. diderrichii, a threatened species, should be kept in mind to adapt local uses and preparation modes of traditional remedies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Haudecoeur
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, DPM UMR 5063, F-38041 Grenoble, France; CNRS, DPM UMR 5063, F-38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Marine Peuchmaur
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, DPM UMR 5063, F-38041 Grenoble, France; CNRS, DPM UMR 5063, F-38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Basile Pérès
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, DPM UMR 5063, F-38041 Grenoble, France; CNRS, DPM UMR 5063, F-38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Maxime Rome
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, SAJF UMS 3370, F-38041 Grenoble, France; CNRS, SAJF UMS 3370, F-38041 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Ahcène Boumendjel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, DPM UMR 5063, F-38041 Grenoble, France; CNRS, DPM UMR 5063, F-38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Benjamin Boucherle
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, DPM UMR 5063, F-38041 Grenoble, France; CNRS, DPM UMR 5063, F-38041 Grenoble, France.
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Ajayi AM, Martins DTDO, Balogun SO, Oliveira RGD, Ascêncio SD, Soares IM, Barbosa RDS, Ademowo OG. Ocimum gratissimum L. leaf flavonoid-rich fraction suppress LPS-induced inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 macrophages and peritonitis in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 204:169-178. [PMID: 28400288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ocimum gratissimum L. is a herbaceous plant that has been reported in several ethnopharmacological surveys as a plant readily accessible to the communities and widely used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. The main goal of this study was to investigate the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity and mechanism of action of the ethylacetate fraction of O. gratissimum leaf (EAFOg) and to chemically characterize this fraction. MATERIALS AND METHODS EAFOg was obtained from a sequential methanol extract. The safety profile was evaluated on RAW 264.7 cells, using the alamarBlue® assay. Phenolic contents were determined by spectrophotometry, and metabolites quantified by high performance liquid chromatography. The anti-inflammatory activity of EAFOg and its ability to acts on leucocytes infiltration, inflammatory mediators as NO, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10 in lipopolysaccharide-induced peritonitis in mice and LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage were evaluated. In addition, the anti-inflammatory activity of EAFOg was also investigated in arachidonic acid-related enzymes. RESULTS Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of EAFOg were 139.76±1.07mg GAE/g and 109.95±0.05mg RE/g respectively. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of rutin, ellagic acid, myricetin and morin. The fraction exhibited no cytotoxic effects on the RAW 264.7 cells. The EAFOg (10, 50 and 200mg/kg) significantly reduced (p<0.05) neutrophils (38.8%, 58.9%, and 66.5%) and monocytes (38.9%, 58.0% and 72.8%) in LPS-induced peritonitis. Also, EAFOg (5, 20 and 100µg/mL) produced significant reduction in NO, IL-1β, and TNF-α in RAW 264.7 cells. However, IL-10 level was not affected by the EAFOg, and it preferentially inhibits COX-2 (IC50 =48.86±0.02µg/mL) than COX-1 and 15-LO (IC50 >100µg/mL). CONCLUSION The flavonoid-rich fraction of O. gratissimum leaves demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity via mechanisms that involves inhibition of leucocytes influx, NO, IL-1β, and TNF-α in vivo and in vitro, thus supporting its therapeutic potential in slowing down inflammatory processes in chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abayomi Mayowa Ajayi
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, no. 2367, Coxipó, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá 78060-900, Mato Grosso, Brazil; Natural Products Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), Av. NS15, Palmas 77020-210, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Domingos Tabajara de Oliveira Martins
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, no. 2367, Coxipó, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá 78060-900, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Sikiru Olaitan Balogun
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, no. 2367, Coxipó, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá 78060-900, Mato Grosso, Brazil; Curso da Farmácia, AJES, Faculdades de Vale do Juruena. Avenida Gabriel Müller, s/n AJES - Módulo I, 78320-000, Juína Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Ruberlei Godinho de Oliveira
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, no. 2367, Coxipó, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá 78060-900, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Donizeti Ascêncio
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), Av. NS15, Palmas 77020-210, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Ilsamar Mendes Soares
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), Av. NS15, Palmas 77020-210, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Robson Dos Santos Barbosa
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), Av. NS15, Palmas 77020-210, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Olusegun George Ademowo
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Oyo - State, Nigeria.
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Chassagne F, Hul S, Deharo E, Bourdy G. Natural remedies used by Bunong people in Mondulkiri province (Northeast Cambodia) with special reference to the treatment of 11 most common ailments. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 191:41-70. [PMID: 27282662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In this paper we present a comprehensive ethnomedicinal study conducted in Mondulkiri province. Traditional knowledge about natural medicine (plants, animals, mushrooms) was investigated in Cambodia's largest indigenous community: the Bunong people. The survey aims to document the medicinal plant use of this ethnic, by focusing on the eleven most frequent diseases encountered in the area, in order to highlight species that could be recommended in public health programs. MATERIALS AND METHODS During the years 2013 and 2014, 202 villagers were interviewed in 28 villages from the five districts in Mondulkiri. Two types of methodology were employed: (1) an ethnobotanical field survey (walk-in-the-wood interviews) and (2) semi-structured household interviews with a special emphasis on the treatment of 11 most common ailments encountered in the area. Medicinal plants and mushrooms were collected and identified together with medicinal animals. The factor informant consensus (FIC) and fidelity level (FL) were calculated. RESULTS Bunong people use a total of 214 plants belonging to 72 families, 1 mushroom and 22 animal species in their traditional healthcare practices in order to treat 51 different ailments. Among the medicinal plants, Fabaceae was the most predominant family; Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King and H.Rob. (Asteraceae), Zingiber montanum (J.Koenig) Link ex A.Dietr. (Zingiberaceae) and Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. (Crassulaceae) were the most cited medicinal plants; and four ailments (cold/fever, diarrhea, postpartum disorders and stomachache) were described as major ailments in the community. The root was the most important part of plants used, and decoction was the most cited method of preparation. During our survey, we also discovered a "new to science" plant species called Ardisia mondulkiriensis Hul and Chassagne, and we recorded for the second time the plant species recently described, Solanum sakhanii Hul. CONCLUSION Most of the species reported for the treatment of the 11 most frequent ailments have already been proven to be efficient and safe. Furthermore, 10 plant species are reported for the first time as medicinal and some of them are widely used in the community. Further pharmacological and phytochemical investigations should be undergone to assess the pharmaceutical potential of these species. While undergoing considerable changes, Bunong people have maintained extensive traditional medicine knowledge. As this indigenous hill tribe depend mainly on natural remedies for their daily healthcare, environmental preservation is of high importance for the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Chassagne
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, France; Nomad RSI Organization, Doh Kromom Village, Sokhadom Commune, Senmonorom District, Mondulkiri Province, Cambodia.
| | - Sovanmoly Hul
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Département de Systématique et Évolution, UMR 7205 (ISYEB), Herbier National (P), CP 39, 57 Rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Eric Deharo
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, France
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Catarino L, Havik PJ, Romeiras MM. Medicinal plants of Guinea-Bissau: Therapeutic applications, ethnic diversity and knowledge transfer. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 183:71-94. [PMID: 26923540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The rich flora of Guinea-Bissau, and the widespread use of medicinal plants for the treatment of various diseases, constitutes an important local healthcare resource with significant potential for research and development of phytomedicines. The goal of this study is to prepare a comprehensive documentation of Guinea-Bissau's medicinal plants, including their distribution, local vernacular names and their therapeutic and other applications, based upon local notions of disease and illness. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethnobotanical data was collected by means of field research in Guinea-Bissau, study of herbarium specimens, and a comprehensive review of published works. Relevant data were included from open interviews conducted with healers and from observations in the field during the last two decades. RESULTS A total of 218 medicinal plants were documented, belonging to 63 families, of which 195 are native. Over half of these species are found in all regions of the country. The medicinal plants are used to treat 18 major diseases categories; the greatest number of species are used to treat intestinal disorders (67 species). More than thirty ethnic groups were identified within the Guinea-Bissau population; 40% of the medicinal plants have been recorded in the country's principal ethnic languages (i.e. Fula and Balanta). CONCLUSIONS This multi-disciplinary, country-wide study identifies a great diversity of plants used by indigenous communities as medicinal, which constitute an important common reservoir of botanical species and therapeutic knowledge. The regional overlap of many indigenous species, the consensual nature of disease groups based upon local perceptions of health conditions, and the relevance of local vernacular including Guinean Creole are key factors specific to the country which enhance the potential for the circulation and transmission of ethno-botanical and therapeutic knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Catarino
- University of Lisbon, Faculty of Sciences, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (Ce3C), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Philip J Havik
- Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Rua da Junqueira no. 100, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Maria M Romeiras
- University of Lisbon, Faculty of Sciences, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (Ce3C), Lisbon, Portugal; University of Lisbon, Faculty of Sciences, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Lisbon, Portugal.
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Kpodar MS, Karou SD, Katawa G, Anani K, Gbekley HE, Adjrah Y, Tchacondo T, Batawila K, Simpore J. An ethnobotanical study of plants used to treat liver diseases in the Maritime region of Togo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 181:263-73. [PMID: 26732630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In Togo, many persons still rely on plants for healing, however very little is known about the medicinal practices of the indigenous people. The present study aimed to document the medicinal plant utilization for the management of liver diseases in the Maritime region of the country. METHODOLOGY This was an ethnobotanical survey conducted in the Maritime region of Togo from June to August 2015. The data were gathered from 104 traditional healers (TH) by direct interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire. The calculated use values (UV) were used to analyze the importance of the cited plants. RESULTS A total of 99 plant species belonging to 88 genera and 49 families were cited by the TH as curing the hepatic diseases. The most represented families were Caesalpiniaceae with 8 species, followed by Euphorbiaceae with 7 species, Apocynaceae and Asteraceae with 6 species each. The highest UV were recorded with Gomphrena celosioides (0.13), Xylopia ethiopica (0.12), Senna occidentalis (0.12), Bridelia ferruginea (0.12), Cymbopogon citratus (0.12), Kigellia Africana (0.09), Cassia sieberiana (0.08) and Sanseviera liberica (0.08), showing their importance in the management of liver dysfunction in the surveyed region. The main used parts were the leaves, followed by the roots, the whole plant, the rhizome and the bark, accounting for more than 10% each. The herbal medicines were mostly prepared in the form of decoction and administrated by oral route. CONCLUSION This study showed that Maritime region of Togo has an important plant biodiversity that is exploited by the indigenous TH. However, some plants cited by the TH have not been studied for their possible hepatoprotective effects. These plants are therefore a starting point for biological screenings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madje S Kpodar
- Ecole Supérieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires (ESTBA-UL), Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Simplice D Karou
- Ecole Supérieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires (ESTBA-UL), Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo; Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Anigonni (CERBA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
| | - Gnatoulma Katawa
- Ecole Supérieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires (ESTBA-UL), Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Kokou Anani
- Ecole Supérieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires (ESTBA-UL), Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Holaly E Gbekley
- Ecole Supérieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires (ESTBA-UL), Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Yao Adjrah
- Ecole Supérieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires (ESTBA-UL), Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Tchadjobo Tchacondo
- Ecole Supérieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires (ESTBA-UL), Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Komlan Batawila
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Ecologie Végétales, Faculté des Sciences (FDS), Université de Lomé, Togo
| | - Jacques Simpore
- Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Anigonni (CERBA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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