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Mehta SK, Pradhan RB. Phytochemicals in antiviral drug development against human respiratory viruses. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:104107. [PMID: 39032810 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
This review explores the potential antiviral properties of various plant-based compounds, including polyphenols, phytochemicals, and terpenoids. It emphasizes the diverse functionalities of compounds such as epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), quercetin, griffithsin (GRFT,) resveratrol, linalool, and carvacrol in the context of respiratory virus infections, including SARS-CoV-2. Emphasizing their effectiveness in modulating immune responses, disrupting viral envelopes, and influencing cellular signaling pathways, the review underlines the imperative for thorough research to establish safety and efficacy. Additionally, the review underscores the necessity of well-designed clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy and safety of these compounds as potential antiviral agents. This approach would establish a robust framework for future drug development efforts focused on bolstering host defense mechanisms against human respiratory viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya Kant Mehta
- Laboratory of Algal Biology, Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl, PIN 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | - Ran Bahadur Pradhan
- Laboratory of Algal Biology, Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl, PIN 796004, Mizoram, India
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2
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Zhang F, Wang Y, Song X, Wen Y, Wang H, Zhang Y. The hydroxytyrosol-typed phenylpropanoidglycosides: A phenylpropanoid glycoside family with significant biological activity. Fitoterapia 2024; 178:106155. [PMID: 39089596 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol-typed phenylpropanoid glycosides (HPGs), composed of phenylethanol and various complex oligosaccharides, are widespread and abundant in different plant, and have a diverse range of biological activities. All HPGs reported previously have been isolated from natural sources, and most of them showed significant bioactivities, such as anti-inflamatory, anti-cancer, cytoprotection, neuro-protective effects, enzyme-inhibitory, anti-microbial effects, and cardiovascular activity. The goal of this review is to summarize the structures of HPGs reported over the past few decades, as well as to introduce their pharmacological effects. We also introduce the possible relationship between the structures of HPGs and their source plants, as well as the structure-activity relationships of some important activities. This review will serve as a resource for future research into this class of compounds, and demonstrate their potential value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixun Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Northwest University, 1 Xuefu Road, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Northwest University, 1 Xuefu Road, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Xiaoping Song
- College of Chemical Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Northwest University, 1 Xuefu Road, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Yingming Wen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Northwest University, 1 Xuefu Road, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Bioengineering, Beijing Polytechnic, No. 9 Liangshuihe 1st Street, Beijing 100176, China.
| | - Yanxin Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Northwest University, 1 Xuefu Road, Xi'an 710127, China; Glycobiology and Glycotechnology Research center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China; College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China.
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3
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Gao B, Zhu H, Liu Z, He X, Sun J, Li Y, Wu X, Pehrsson P, Zhang Y, Yao Y, Yu L. Chemical Compositions of Lianqiao ( Forsythia suspensa) Extracts and Their Potential Health Benefits. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:740. [PMID: 38931407 PMCID: PMC11206439 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the fruits of Forsythia suspensa (Lianqiao), an important economic crop, for the chemical components of its water and ethanol extracts, inhibitory effects on SARS-CoV-2 virus spike protein binding to ACE2, inhibition of ACE2 activity, and capacity to scavenge free radicals. A total of 42 compounds were tentatively identified in the extracts via HPLC-MS/MS analysis. The water extract showed a greater ACE2 inhibition but a weaker inhibition on SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binding to ACE2 than the ethanol extract on a per-botanical-weight-concentration basis. The phenolic content was found to be greater in the water extract at 45.19 mg GAE/g dry botanical weight than in the ethanol extract (6.89 mg GAE/g dry botanical). Furthermore, the water extract had greater scavenging capacities against HO●, DPPH●, and ABTS●+ at 448.48, 66.36, and 121.29 µmol TE/g dry botanical, respectively, as compared to that of the ethanol extract (154.04, 3.55, and 33.83 µmol TE/g dry botanical, respectively). These results warrant further research into, and the development of, the potential COVID-19-preventive applications of Lianqiao and its extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyan Gao
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (B.G.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hanshu Zhu
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (B.G.); (H.Z.)
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (L.Y.)
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; (J.S.); (X.W.); (P.P.)
| | - Xiaohua He
- Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA;
| | - Jianghao Sun
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; (J.S.); (X.W.); (P.P.)
| | - Yanfang Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (L.Y.)
| | - Xianli Wu
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; (J.S.); (X.W.); (P.P.)
| | - Pamela Pehrsson
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; (J.S.); (X.W.); (P.P.)
| | - Yaqiong Zhang
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (B.G.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yuanhang Yao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (L.Y.)
| | - Liangli Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (L.Y.)
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4
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Li JJ, Chen ZH, Liu CJ, Kang YS, Tu XP, Liang H, Shi W, Zhang FX. The phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, quality control, and toxicity of Forsythiae Fructus: An updated systematic review. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 222:114096. [PMID: 38641141 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Forsythiae Fructus (FF), the dried fruit of F. suspensa, is commonly used to treat fever, inflammation, etc in China or other Asian countries. FF is usually used as the core herb in traditional Chinese medicine preparations for the treatment of influenza, such as Shuang-huang-lian oral liquid and Yin-qiao powder, etc. Since the wide application and core role of FF, its research progress was summarized in terms of traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, quality control, and toxicity. Meanwhile, the anti-influenza substances and mechanism of FF were emphasized. Till now, a total of 290 chemical components are identified in F. suspensa, and among them, 248 components were isolated and identified from FF, including 42 phenylethanoid glycosides, 48 lignans, 59 terpenoids, 14 flavonoids, 3 steroids, 24 cyclohexyl ethanol derivatives, 14 alkaloids, 26 organic acids, and 18 other types. FF and their pure compounds have the pharmacological activities of anti-virus, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidant, anti-bacteria, anti-tumor, neuroprotection, hepatoprotection, etc. Inhibition of TLR7, RIG-I, MAVS, NF-κB, MyD88 signaling pathway were the reported anti-influenza mechanisms of FF and phenylethanoid glycosides and lignans are the main active groups. However, the bioavailability of phenylethanoid glycosides and lignans of FF in vivo was low, which needed to be improved. Simultaneously, the un-elucidated compounds and anti-influenza substances of FF strongly needed to be explored. The current quality control of FF was only about forsythoside A and phillyrin, more active components should be taken into consideration. Moreover, there are no reports of toxicity of FF yet, but the toxicity of FF should be not neglected in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Zi-Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Cheng-Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Yu-Shuo Kang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Xin-Pu Tu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China.
| | - Wei Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China.
| | - Feng-Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China.
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Ghate SD, Pinto L, Alva S, Srinivasa MG, Vangala RK, Naik P, Revanasiddappa BC, Rao RSP. In silico identification of potential phytochemical inhibitors for mpox virus: molecular docking, MD simulation, and ADMET studies. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-023-10797-2. [PMID: 38519803 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10797-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The mpox virus (MPXV), a member of the Poxviridae family, which recently appeared outside of the African continent has emerged as a global threat to public health. Given the scarcity of antiviral treatments for mpox disease, there is a pressing need to identify and develop new therapeutics. We investigated 5715 phytochemicals from 266 species available in IMMPAT database as potential inhibitors for six MPXV targets namely thymidylate kinase (A48R), DNA ligase (A50R), rifampicin resistance protein (D13L), palmytilated EEV membrane protein (F13L), viral core cysteine proteinase (I7L), and DNA polymerase (E9L) using molecular docking. The best-performing phytochemicals were also subjected to molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and in silico ADMET analysis. The top phytochemicals were forsythiaside for A48R, ruberythric acid for A50R, theasinensin F for D13L, theasinensin A for F13L, isocinchophyllamine for I7L, and terchebin for E9L. Interestingly, the binding energies of these potential phytochemical inhibitors were far lower than brincidofovir and tecovirimat, the standard drugs used against MPXV, hinting at better binding properties of the former. These findings may pave the way for developing new MPXV inhibitors based on natural product scaffolds. However, they must be further studied to establish their inhibitory efficacy and toxicity in in vitro and in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeep D Ghate
- Center for Bioinformatics, NITTE Deemed to be University, Mangaluru, 575018, India.
- Central Research Laboratory, KS Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE Deemed to be University, Mangaluru, 575018, India.
| | - Larina Pinto
- Center for Bioinformatics, NITTE Deemed to be University, Mangaluru, 575018, India
| | - Shivakiran Alva
- Center for Bioinformatics, NITTE Deemed to be University, Mangaluru, 575018, India
| | - Mahendra Gowdru Srinivasa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Nitte (Deemed to be University) NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), Mangaluru, 575018, India
| | - Rajani Kanth Vangala
- Institute for Applied Research and Innovation, Neuome Technologies Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore Bioinnovation Centre, IBAB Campus, Electronic City Phase 1, Bangalore, 560100, India
| | - Prashantha Naik
- Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangaluru, 574199, India
| | - B C Revanasiddappa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Nitte (Deemed to be University) NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), Mangaluru, 575018, India
| | - R Shyama Prasad Rao
- Center for Bioinformatics, NITTE Deemed to be University, Mangaluru, 575018, India.
- Central Research Laboratory, KS Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE Deemed to be University, Mangaluru, 575018, India.
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Duan X, Xu M, Wang Y, Liu N, Wang X, Liu Y, Zhang W, Ma W, Ma L, Fan Y. Effect of miR-17 on Polygonum Cillinerve polysaccharide against transmissible gastroenteritis virus. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1360102. [PMID: 38444776 PMCID: PMC10912159 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1360102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) could cause diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration and even death in piglets, miRNA played an important role in the interaction between virus and cell. The study aimed to investigate the impact of miR-17 on the polysaccharide of Polygonum Cillinerve (PCP) in combating TGEV. miR-17 was screened and transfection validation was performed by Real-time PCR. The function of miR-17 on PK15 cells infected with TGEV and treated with PCP was investigated by DCFH-DA loading probe, JC-1 staining and Hoechst fluorescence staining. Furthermore, the effect of miR-17 on PCP inhibiting TGEV replication and apoptosis signaling pathways during PCP against TGEV infection was measured through Real-time PCR and Western blot. The results showed that miR-17 mimic and inhibitor could be transferred into PK15 cells and the expression of miR-17 significantly increased and decreased respectively compared with miR-17 mimic and inhibitor (P < 0.05). A total 250 μg/mL of PCP could inhibit cells apoptosis after transfection with miR-17. PCP (250 μg/mL and 125 μg/mL) significantly inhibited the decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential induced by TGEV after transfection with miR-17 (P < 0.05). After transfection of miR-17 mimic, PCP at concentrations of 250 μg/mL and 125 μg/mL significantly promoted the mRNA expression of P53, cyt C and caspase 9 (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the replication of TGEV gRNA and gene N was significantly inhibited by PCP at concentrations of 250 μg/mL and 125 μg/mL after transfection of both miR-17 mimic and inhibitor (P < 0.05). PCP at 62.5 μg/mL significantly inhibited the replication of gene S following transfection with miR-17 inhibitor (P < 0.05). These results suggested that PCP could inhibit the replication of TGEV and apoptosis induced by TGEV by regulating miR-17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Duan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Mengxin Xu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunying Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Nishang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xingchen Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yingqiu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Wuren Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Lin Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yunpeng Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Zhang L, Lang F, Feng J, Wang J. Review of the therapeutic potential of Forsythiae Fructus on the central nervous system: Active ingredients and mechanisms of action. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117275. [PMID: 37797873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional Chinese medicine has gained significant attention in recent years owing to its multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway advantages in treating various diseases. Forsythiae Fructus, derived from the dried fruit of Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl, is one such traditional Chinese medicine with numerous in vivo and ex vivo therapeutic effects, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral properties. Forsythiae Fructus contains more than 200 chemical constituents, with forsythiaside, forsythiaside A, forsythiaside B, isoforsythiaside, forsythin, and phillyrin being the most active ingredients. Forsythiae Fructus exerts neuroprotective effects by modulating various pathways, including oxidative stress, anti-inflammation, NF-κB signaling, 2-AG, Nrf2 signaling, acetylcholinesterase, PI3K-Akt signaling, ferroptosis, gut-brain axis, TLR4 signaling, endoplasmic reticulum stress, PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling, and PPARγ signaling pathway. AIM OF THE STUDY This review aims to highlight the potential therapeutic effects of Forsythiae Fructus on the central nervous system and summarize the current knowledge on the active ingredients of Forsythiae Fructus and their effects on different pathways involved in neuroprotection. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this review, we conducted a comprehensive search of databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, China Knowledge Resource Integrated, local dissertations and books) up until June 2023 using key terms such as Forsythia suspensa, Forsythiae Fructus, forsythiaside, isoforsythiaside, forsythin, phillyrin, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, aging, and herpes simplex virus encephalitis. RESULTS Our findings indicate that Forsythiae Fructus and its active ingredients own therapeutic effects on the central nervous system by modulating various pathways, including oxidative stress, anti-inflammation, NF-κB signaling, 2-AG, Nrf2 signaling, acetylcholinesterase, PI3K-Akt signaling, ferroptosis, the gut-brain axis, TLR4 signaling, endoplasmic reticulum stress, PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling, and PPARγ signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Forsythiae Fructus and its active ingredients have demonstrated promising neuroprotective properties. Future in vivo and clinical studies of Forsythiae Fructus and its active ingredients should be conducted to establish precise dosage and standard guidelines for a more effective application in the treatment of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao St, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Fenglong Lang
- Department of Neurology, Fushun Central Hospital, Fushun, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao St, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao St, Shenyang, 110004, China.
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Su J, Chen XM, Xie YL, Li MQ, Shang Q, Zhang DK, Cai XF, Liu H, Huang HZ, Zheng C, Han L. Clinical efficacy, pharmacodynamic components, and molecular mechanisms of antiviral granules in the treatment of influenza: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:117011. [PMID: 37567423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Antiviral Granules (AG) are derived from the classical famous prescription, which is composed of 9 traditional Chinese medicines, namely Radix Isatidis (called Banlangen, BLG in Chinese), Forsythiae Fructus (called Lianqiao, LQ in Chinese), Gypsum fibrosum, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (called Zhimu, ZM in Chinese), Phragmitis Rhizoma (called Lugen, LG in Chinese), Rehmanniae Radix (called Dihuang, DH in Chinese), Pogostemonis Herba (called Guanghuoxiang, GHX in Chinese), Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma (called Shichangpu, SCP in Chinese), and Curcumae Radix (called Yujin, YJ in Chinese), and has shown an excellent therapeutic effect in clinical treatment of influenza. However, there are few studies on the anti-influenza mechanism of AG, and the mechanism of action is still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose is to provide the latest information about the clinical efficacy, pharmacodynamic composition and mechanism of AG based on scientific literature, so as to enhance the utilization of AG in the treatment of influenza and related diseases, and promote the development and innovation of novel anti-influenza drugs targeting the influenza virus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Enter the data retrieval room, search for Antiviral Granules, as well as the scientific names, common names, and Chinese names of each Chinese medicine. Additionally, search for the relevant clinical applications, pharmacodynamic composition, pharmacological action, and molecular mechanism of both Antiviral Granules and single-ingredient medicines. Keywords includes terms such as "antiviral granules", "influenza", "Isatis indigotica Fort.", "Radix Isatidis", "Banlangeng", "pharmacology", "clinical application", "pharmacologic action", etc. and their combinations. Obtain results from the Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, Sci Finder Scholar, CNKI and other resources. RESULTS AG is effective in the treatment of influenza and is often used in combination with other drugs to treat viral diseases. Its chemical composition is complex, including alkaloids, polysaccharides, volatile oils, steroid saponins, phenylpropanoids, terpenoids and other compounds. These compounds have a variety of pharmacological activities, which can interfere with the replication cycle of the influenza virus, regulate RIG-I-MAVS, JAK/STAT, TLRs/MyD88, NF-κB signaling pathways and related cytokines, regulate intestinal microorganisms, and protect both the lungs and extrapulmonary organs. CONCLUSIONS AG can overcome the limitations of traditional antiviral drug therapy, play a synergistic role in fighting influenza virus with the characteristics of multi-component, multi-pathway and multi-target therapy, and reverse the bodily function damage caused by influenza virus. AG may be a potential drug in the prevention and treatment of influenza and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xin-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yi-Ling Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Meng-Qi Li
- Pharmacy Department, Sichuan Nursing Vocational College, Chengdu, 610100, China
| | - Qiang Shang
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Antiviral Chinese Medicine Industrialization, Sichuan Guangda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Pengzhou, 611930, China
| | - Ding-Kun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Innovative Re-development of Famous Classical Formulas, Tianfu TCM Innovation Harbour, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Pengzhou, 611930, China
| | - Xin-Fu Cai
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Antiviral Chinese Medicine Industrialization, Sichuan Guangda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Pengzhou, 611930, China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Hao-Zhou Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy/Academy for Interdiscipline, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meishan, 620010, China.
| | - Chuan Zheng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Xiao Y, Zhang J, Zhu X, Zhao W, Li Y, Jin N, Lu H, Han J. Fu-Zheng-Xuan-Fei formula promotes macrophage polarization and Th17/Treg cell homeostasis against the influenza B virus (Victoria strain) infection. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 312:116485. [PMID: 37044232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fu-Zheng-Xuan-Fei formula (FF) is a prescription that has been clinically used through the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for treating viral pneumonia. Although FF possesses a prominent clinical therapeutic effect, seldom pharmacological studies have been reported on its anti-influenza B virus (IBV) activity. AIM OF THE STUDY Influenza is an acute infectious respiratory disease caused by the influenza virus, which has high annual morbidity and mortality worldwide. With a global decline in the COVID-19 control, the infection rate of influenza virus is gradually increasing. Therefore, it is of great importance to develop novel drugs for the effective treatment of influenza virus. Apart from conventional antiviral drugs, TCM has been widely used in the clinical treatment of influenza in China. Therefore, studying the antiviral mechanism of TCM can facilitate the scientific development of TCM. MATERIALS AND METHODS Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (MDCK) and BALB/c mice were infected with IBV, and FF was added to evaluate the anti-IBV effects of FF both in vitro and in vivo by Western blotting, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and pathological assessment. RESULTS It was found that FF exhibited anti-viral activity against IBV infection both in vivo and in vitro, while inducing macrophage activation and promoting M1 macrophage polarization. In addition, FF effectively regulated the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway-mediated Th17/Treg balance to improve the lung tissue damage caused by IBV infection-induced inflammation. The findings provided the scientific basis for the antiviral mechanism of FF against IBV infection. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that FF is a potentially effective antiviral drug against IBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China.
| | - Jinxin Zhang
- Academician Workstation, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China.
| | - Xiangyu Zhu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China.
| | - Wenxin Zhao
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China.
| | - Yiquan Li
- Academician Workstation, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China.
| | - Ningyi Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China.
| | - Huijun Lu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China.
| | - Jicheng Han
- Academician Workstation, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China; Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China.
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Hu T, Li L, Ma Q. Research Progress of Immunomodulation on Anti-COVID-19 and the Effective Components from Traditional Chinese Medicine. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2023; 51:1337-1360. [PMID: 37465964 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x23500611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has posed a threat to the health of people around the world because of its strong transmission and high virulence. Currently, there is no specific medicine for the treatment of COVID-19. However, for a wide variety of medicines used to treat COVID-19, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) plays a major role. In this paper, the effective treatment of COVID-19 using TCM was consulted first, and several Chinese medicines that were frequently used apart from their huge role in treating it were found. Then, when exploring the active ingredients of these herbs, it was discovered that most of them contained flavonoids. Therefore, the structure and function of the potential active substances of flavonoids, including flavonols, flavonoids, and flavanes, respectively, are discussed in this paper. According to the screening data, these flavonoids can bind to the key proteins of SARS-CoV-2, 3CLpro, PLpro, and RdRp, respectively, or block the interface between the viral spike protein and ACE2 receptor, which could inhibit the proliferation of coronavirus and prevent the virus from entering human cells. Besides, the effects of flavonoids on the human body systems are expounded on in this paper, including the respiratory system, digestive system, and immune system, respectively. Normally, flavonoids boost the body's immune system. However, they can suppress the immune system when over immunized. Ultimately, this study hopes to provide a reference for the clinical drug treatment of COVID-19 patients, and more TCM can be put into the market accordingly, which is expected to promote the development of TCM on the international stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Hu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Qin Ma
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, P. R. China
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11
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Tsai PW, Mailem RC, Tayo LL, Hsueh CC, Tseng CC, Chen BY. Interactive network pharmacology and electrochemical analysis reveals electron transport-mediating characteristics of Chinese medicine formula Jing Guan Fang. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2023; 147:104898. [PMID: 37193294 PMCID: PMC10166072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2023.104898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Jing Guan Fang (JGF) is an anti-COVID-19 Chinese Medicine decoction comprised of five medicinal herbs to possess anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties for treatment. This study aims to electrochemically decipher the anti-coronavirus activity of JGF and show that microbial fuel cells may serve as a platform for screening efficacious herbal medicines and providing scientific bases for the mechanism of action (MOA) of TCMs. Methods Electrochemical techniques (e.g., cyclic voltammetry) and MFCs were adopted as the bioenergy-based platforms to assess the bioenergy-stimulating characteristics of JGF. Phytochemical analysis correlated polyphenolic and flavonoid content with antioxidant activity and bioenergy-stimulating properties. Network pharmacology on the active compounds was employed to identify anti-inflammatory and anti-COVID-19 protein targets, and molecular docking validated in silico results. Significant findings This first-attempt results show that JGF possesses significant reversible bioenergy-stimulation (amplification 2.02 ± 0.04) properties suggesting that its antiviral efficacy is both bioenergy-steered and electron mediated. Major flavonoids and flavone glycosides identified by HPLC (e.g., baicalein and baicalin, respectively) possess electron-shuttling (ES) characteristics that allow herbal medicines to treat COVID-19 via (1) reversible scavenging of ROS to lessen inflammation; (2) inhibition of viral proteins; and (3) targeting of immunomodulatory pathways to stimulate the immune response according to network pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Wei Tsai
- Department of Medical Science Industries, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan
| | - Ryan Christian Mailem
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Manila 1002, Philippines
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mapúa University, Makati 1200, Philippines
| | - Lemmuel L Tayo
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Manila 1002, Philippines
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mapúa University, Makati 1200, Philippines
| | - Chung-Chuan Hsueh
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National I-Lan University, I-Lan 260, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chun Tseng
- Department of Medical Science Industries, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Yann Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National I-Lan University, I-Lan 260, Taiwan
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12
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Chen Y, Wu C, Li H, Powell H, Chen A, Zhu G, Cong W, Fu L, Pekosz A, Leng SX. Antiviral effect and mechanism of Phillyrin and its reformulated FS21 against influenza. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2023; 17:e13112. [PMID: 36875207 PMCID: PMC9975791 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Influenza virus causes significant morbidity and mortality with pandemic threat. Oleaceae Fructus Forsythiae is a medicinal herb. This study aimed to investigate antiviral effect of Phillyrin, a purified bioactive compound from this herb, and its reformulated preparation FS21 against influenza and its mechanism. Methods Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells were infected by one of six influenza viruses: five influenza A viruses (IAVs: three H1N1 and two H3N2) and one influenza B virus (IBV). Virus-induced cytopathic effects were observed and recorded under microscope. Viral replication and mRNA transcription were evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and protein expression by Western blot. Infectious virus production was assessed using TCID50 assay, and IC50 was calculated accordingly. Pretreatment and time-of-addition experiments with Phillyrin or FS21 added 1 h before or in early (0-3 h), mid (3-6 h), or late (6-9 h) stages of viral infection were performed to assess their antiviral effects. Mechanistic studies included hemagglutination and neuraminidase inhibition, viral binding and entry, endosomal acidification, and plasmid-based influenza RNA polymerase activity. Results Phillyrin and FS21 had potent antiviral effects against all six IAV and IBV in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistic studies showed that both suppressed influenza viral RNA polymerase with no effect on virus-mediated hemagglutination inhibition, viral binding or entry, endosomal acidification, or neuraminidase activity. Conclusions Phillyrin and FS21 have broad and potent antiviral effects against influenza viruses with inhibition of viral RNA polymerase as the distinct antiviral mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Department of GeriatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Cunjin Wu
- Department of GeriatricsThe Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Huifen Li
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and ImmunologyJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Johns Hopkins Center on Aging and Immune RemodelingBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Harrison Powell
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and ImmunologyJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Allison Chen
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and ImmunologyJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | | | - Weihong Cong
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine, Xiyuan HospitalChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Li Fu
- Dalian Fusheng Natural Medicine Development Co. Ltd.DalianChina
| | - Andrew Pekosz
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and ImmunologyJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Sean X. Leng
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and ImmunologyJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Johns Hopkins Center on Aging and Immune RemodelingBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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Forsythiaside A prevents zymosan A-induced cell migration in neutrophil-differentiated HL-60 cells via PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13490. [PMID: 36865477 PMCID: PMC9970906 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils, which account for more than 80% of leukocyte, play an important role in resolution of inflammation. Immune checkpoint molecules could be potential biomarkers in immunosuppression. Forsythiaside A (FTA), a main constituent of Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl, provides a very significant anti-inflammatory activity. Here we defined the immunological mechanisms of FTA by taking programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway into consideration. FTA could inhibited cell migration in HL-60-derived neutrophils in vitro, and this action appeared to be mediated via PD-1/PD-L1 depended JNK and p38 MAPK pathways. In vivo, FTA prevented PD-L1+ neutrophils infiltration and reduced the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) after zymosan A-induced peritonitis. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor could abolish the suppression of FTA. The expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were positively correlated with PD-L1. Molecular docking showed that FTA could bind to PD-L1. Taken together, FTA might prevent neutrophils infiltration to exert inflammation resolution through PD-1/PD-L1 pathway.
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14
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Chen Y, Wei W, Fu J, Zhang T, Zhao J, Ma T. Forsythiaside A ameliorates sepsis-induced acute kidney injury via anti-inflammation and antiapoptotic effects by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:35. [PMID: 36737765 PMCID: PMC9896724 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03855-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by an infection in the body, and accompanying acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of sepsis. It is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Forsythia Fructus, the dried fruit of Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl, is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine. AIMS OF THE STUDY This study aimed to elucidate the protective effect of Forsythiaside A (FTA) on sepsis-induced AKI by downregulating inflammatory and apoptotic responses, and exploring its underlying mechanism. METHODS Septic AKI was induced through intraperitoneal injection of LPS (10 mg/kg) using male C57BL/6 mice and pretreated with FTA or control saline. First, we assessed the degree of renal injury by creatinine, blood urea nitrogen measurement, and HE staining of renal tissue; secondly, the inflammation and apoptosis were measured byELISA, qPCR, and TUNEL immunofluorescence; finally, the mechanism was explored by computer molecular docking and Western blot. RESULTS Our data showed that FTA markedly attenuated pathological kidney injuries, alleviated the elevation of serum BUN and Creatinine, suggesting the renal protective effect of FTA. Notably, FTA significantly inhibited the renal expression of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α both at protein and mRNA levels and attenuated cell apoptosis in the kidney, as measured by caspase-3 immunoblot and TUNEL assay, indicating its anti-Inflammation and antiapoptotic properties. Mechanistically, administration of LPS resulted in robust endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress responses in the kidney, evidenced by glucose-regulated protein 78(GRP78) upregulation, protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) activation, eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha (elF2α) phosphorylation and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) overexpression, which could be significantly blocked by FTA pretreatment. Dynamic simulation and molecular docking were performed to provide further insight. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data suggest that FTA ameliorates sepsis-induced acute kidney injury via its anti-inflammation and antiapoptotic properties by regulating PERK signaling dependent ER stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 China ,grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434State Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052 China
| | - Wei Wei
- grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434State Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052 China ,grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingnan Fu
- grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 China ,grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434State Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052 China
| | - Teng Zhang
- grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 China ,grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434State Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052 China
| | - Jie Zhao
- grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434State Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052 China ,grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 China
| | - Tao Ma
- grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 China ,grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434State Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052 China
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15
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Xu C, Miao H, Chen X, Zhang H. Cellular mechanism of action of forsythiaside for the treatment of diabetic kidney disease. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1096536. [PMID: 36712665 PMCID: PMC9880420 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1096536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) becomes the leading cause of death for end-stage renal disease, whereas the potential mechanism is unclear and effective therapy is still rare. Our study was designed to investigate the cellular mechanism of Forsythiaside against DKD. Materials and Methods: The targets of Forsythiaside and the DKD-related targets were obtained from databases. The overlapping targets in these two sets were regarded as potential targets for alleviation of DKD by Forsythiaside. The targets of diabetic podocytopathy and tubulopathy were also detected to clarify the mechanism of Forsythiaside ameliorating DKD from the cellular level. Results: Our results explored that PRKCA and RHOA were regarded as key therapeutic targets of Forsythiaside with excellent binding affinity for treating DKD podocytopathy. Enrichment analysis suggested the underlying mechanism was mainly focused on the oxidative stress and mTOR signaling pathway. The alleviated effects of Forsythiaside on the reactive oxidative species accumulation and PRKCA and RHOA proteins upregulation in podocytes were also confirmed. Conclusion: The present study elucidates that Forsythiaside exerts potential treatment against DKD which may act directly RHOA and PRKCA target by suppressing the oxidative stress pathway in podocytes. And Forsythiaside could be regarded as one of the candidate drugs dealing with DKD in future experimental or clinical researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China,Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China,Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Chunmei Xu, ; Haiqing Zhang,
| | - Huikai Miao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China,Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Chen
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Haiqing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China,Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China,Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Chunmei Xu, ; Haiqing Zhang,
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Chen Z, Ye SY. Research progress on antiviral constituents in traditional Chinese medicines and their mechanisms of action. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:1063-1076. [PMID: 35634712 PMCID: PMC9154771 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2074053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Viruses have the characteristics of rapid transmission and high mortality. At present, western medicines still lack an ideal antiviral. As natural products, many traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) have certain inhibitory effects on viruses, which has become the hotspot of medical research in recent years. OBJECTIVE The antiviral active ingredients and mechanisms of TCM against viral diseases was studied in combination with the pathogenesis of viral diseases and antiviral effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS English and Chinese literature from 1999 to 2021 was collected from databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Elsevier, Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 (CP), and CNKI (Chinese). Traditional Chinese medicines (TCM), active ingredients, antiviral, mechanism of action, and anti-inflammatory effect were used as the key words. RESULTS The antiviral activity of TCM is clarified to put forward a strategy for discovering active compounds against viruses, and provide reference for screening antivirus drugs from TCM. TCM can not only directly kill viruses and inhibit the proliferation of viruses in cells, but also prevent viruses from infecting cells and causing cytophilia. It can also regulate the human immune system, enhance human immunity, and play an indirect antiviral role. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Based on the experimental study and antiviral mechanism of TCM, this paper can provide analytical evidence that supports the effectiveness of TCM in treating virus infections, as well as their mechanisms against viruses. It could be helpful to provide reference for the research and development of innovative TCMs with multiple components, multiple targets and low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chen
- Pharmaceutical College, Shandong University of TCM, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Si-yong Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Second People's Hospital, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
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Zhang H, Xu L, Song J, Zhang A, Zhang X, Li Q, Qu X, Wang P. Establishment of Quality Evaluation Method for Yinqiao Powder: A Herbal Formula against COVID-19 in China. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2022; 2022:1748324. [PMID: 36467981 PMCID: PMC9718632 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1748324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Yinqiao powder, with significant anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects, is a classical formula for the treatment of febrile diseases in China. During the SARS period in 2003, Yinqiao powder showed a good antipyretic effect. It also plays a major role in the treatment for COVID-19 in China. Although there are many studies on the chemical compositions and pharmacological effects of Yinqiao powder, there are few studies on the quality standard system of it. In our study, a systematic quality evaluation method of Yinqiao powder combining HPLC fingerprint with quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker (QAMS) based on network pharmacology and UPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS was established for the first time. In the UPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS experiment, a total of 53 compounds were identified in the extract solution of Yinqiao powder. In addition, 33 blood components were characterized, 23 of which were prototypes. The results of network pharmacology analysis showed that Yinqiao powder may inhibit inflammatory responses by suppressing IL-6, CXCL2, TNFα, NF-κB, etc., in the treatment of COVID-19. The HPLC fingerprint analysis of Yinqiao powder was conducted at 237 nm and 29 characteristic peaks were matched, 11 of which were identified. Forsythoside A was selected as the internal standard reference and double-wavelength (237 nm and 327 nm) was established in QAMS experiment. The repeatability was well under different conditions, and the results measured by QAMS were consisted with that of the external standard method (ESM), indicating that the QAMS method was reliable and accurate. The quality evaluation method of Yinqiao powder would be helpful to evaluate the intrinsic quality of Yinqiao powder more comprehensively, which is conducive to improve the quality standard of Yinqiao powder and provide a beneficial guarantee for the clinical treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Jian Song
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Aijun Zhang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Shandong Hongjitang Pharmaceutical Group Co Ltd., Jinan 250103, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Qingjun Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Xinyan Qu
- Laboratory of Immunology for Environment and Health, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
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Liu C, Zhen D, Du H, Gong G, Wu Y, Ma Q, Quan ZS. Synergistic anti-inflammatory effects of peimine, peiminine, and forsythoside a combination on LPS-induced acute lung injury by inhibition of the IL-17-NF-κB/MAPK pathway activation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 295:115343. [PMID: 35533916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl and Fritillaria thunbergii Miq are traditional Chinese medicines that exhibit the ability to clear heat and toxic material effects. In China, the combination of these two medicines is widely used to treat mucopurulent sputum and bloody phlegm, arising due to phlegm-heat obstruction in respiratory diseases. However, very limited information is available regarding the combined anti-inflammatory effect of important effective components of Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl and Fritillaria thunbergii Miq, namely peimine, peiminine, and forsythoside A. AIM OF THIS STUDY To investigate synergistic anti-inflammatory effects of combined administration of peimine, peiminine, and forsythoside A on LPS-induced acute lung injury compared to combined administration of two compounds or individual administration, and unravel the underlying mechanism. MATERIAL AND METHODS In the present study, male BALB/c mice received an oral dosage of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na) (0.5%, 1 mL/100 g), peimine, peiminine, forsythoside A, peimine + forsythoside A, peiminine + forsythoside A, and peimine + peiminine + forsythoside A (suspended in CMC-Na; 0.5%), once daily for 7 days. Subsequently, intratracheal instillation of LPS was applied to establish acute lung injury model. After 6 h of administration, the mice were sacrificed, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues were collected. These samples were further used to determine lung W/D (wet/dry) weight ratio, total protein (TP) levels, inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-17), and expression of proteins involved in TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB pathway and IL-17 pathway. Further, tissue sections were subjected to H&E staining to assess the pathological alterations induced by LPS. The expression of IL-6 and TNF-α proteins in lung tissues was also analyzed using immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS A synergistic anti-inflammatory effect of peimine, peiminine, and forsythoside A was observed when administered in combination to LPS-induced acute lung injury. The combined administration of peimine, peiminine, and forsythoside A had a strongly inhibitory effects on the W/D weight ratio, total protein (TP) level and the inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-17) level in acute lung injury mice, compared to combined administration of two compounds or individual administration. The infiltration of inflammatory cells and thickened bronchoalveolar walls induced by LPS were also ameliorated through the combined administration of peimine, peiminine, and forsythoside A. More importantly, the upregulation of protein related to TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway and the activation of IL-17 were significantly suppressed by pretreatment with each of the three compounds alone, while the effects of individual compounds were synergistically augmented by the combined pretreatment of these three compounds. CONCLUSION The combined administration of peimine, peiminine, and forsythoside A ameliorated inflammatory response in acute lung injury mice induced by LPS in a synergistic manner, the mechanism may be related to the dampening of the TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway and IL-17 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, 028000, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia, PR China.
| | - Dong Zhen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, 028000, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia, PR China.
| | - Huanhuan Du
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, 028000, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia, PR China.
| | - Guohua Gong
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, 028000, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia, PR China; Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China.
| | - Yun Wu
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China.
| | - Qianqian Ma
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, 028000, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia, PR China.
| | - Zhe-Shan Quan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
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Yang M, Wang Y, Yue Y, Liang L, Peng M, Zhao M, Chen Y, Cao X, Li W, Li C, Zhang H, Du J, Zhong R, Xia T, Shu Z. Traditional Chinese medicines as effective agents against influenza virus-induced pneumonia. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113523. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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20
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Jing F, Wang L, Yang M, Wu C, Li J, Shi L, Feng S, Li F. Visualizing the spatial distribution of functional metabolites in Forsythia suspensa at different harvest stages by MALDI mass spectrometry imaging. Fitoterapia 2022; 162:105285. [PMID: 36041592 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As a traditional Chinese medicine, Forsythia suspensa (F. suspensa) has attracted much attention due to its significant pharmacological activity. Revealing the spatial distribution of metabolites during F. suspensa development is important for understanding its biosynthesis rules and improving the quality of medicinal materials. However, there is currently a lack of information on the spatial distribution of F. suspensa metabolites. In this work, the spatial distribution and growth metabolism patterns of important metabolites of F. suspensa were studied for the first time using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI). Using 2,5-dimethylnaphthalene (DAN) as the matrix and detecting in negative ion mode, the spatial distribution and growth patterns of 11 metabolites obtained from longitudinal sections of F. suspensa included pinoresinol, phillygenin, forsythoside A, forsythoside E, rutin, caffeic acid, malic acid, citric acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid. These results showed the mesocarp and endosperm tissues of F. suspensa were important for storing important functional metabolites. Changes in mesocarp and endosperm growth and development tissues caused large changes in the content of important functional metabolites in F. suspensa. These results provide a basis for understanding the spatial distribution of metabolites in F. suspensa tissues and the significant changes that occur during growth and development, exploring the mechanism of important synthesis of metabolites, regulating the harvest of F. suspensa, and improving the quality of medicinal herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengtang Jing
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Yantai Food and Drug Inspection Center, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China
| | - Min Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Shandong Drug and Food Vocational College, Weihai 264210, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Lei Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Shuai Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Control and Construction of the Whole Industrial Chain of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China..
| | - Feng Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
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21
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Yang G, Wang J, Wang S, Zhu Y. Forsythiaside A Improves the Inhibitory Efficiency of Recombinant Protein Vaccines against Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169390. [PMID: 36012654 PMCID: PMC9409473 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a critical animal pathogen that leads to cattle production losses associated with acute disease, immune dysregulation, reproductive failure, and respiratory disease. Due to the monotonous control technique and neglect of BVDV, increasing prevalence of BVDV has caused significant economic losses in the cattle industry worldwide. Therefore, novel anti-BVDV drugs are essential to prevent and control BVDV. Our previous studies have found that Forsythoside A (FTA) could inhibit the replication of BVDV via TRAF2-dependent CD28-4-1BB signaling in bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), but whether they can directly inhibit the BVDV remains unclear. Here, we further investigated the effects of FTA on BVDV and its underlying mechanisms of action. We found that FTA significantly inhibited the replication of BVDV in the MDBK cell directly. The results demonstrated that FTA could reduce the functional activation of Caspase-1 to inhibit the inflammatory response caused by BVDV infection and increase the expression of type I interferon (IFN-I) to clear the virus in vitro. The animal experiment was performed to evaluate the antiviral effect of FTA in vivo. Notably, after challenged with BVDV, mice with FTA + Erns-E2 protein displayed alleviated pathological damage and decreased the viral load in the spleen compared with mice inoculated with Erns-E2 protein. Furthermore, treatment with FTA enhanced body defense and delayed infection by the BVDV. Our results reveal that FTA suppresses BVDV replication both in vitro and in vivo and therefore shows promise as an anti-BVDV agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiufeng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shenghua Wang
- OIE Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Reference Laboratory, China Animal Disease Control Center, Beijing 102629, China
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yaohong Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (Y.Z.)
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22
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Wang T, Li XJ, Qin LH, Liang X, Xue HH, Guo J, Li SF, Zhang LW. Better detoxifying effect of ripe forsythiae fructus over green forsythiae fructus and the potential mechanisms involving bile acids metabolism and gut microbiota. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:987695. [PMID: 36034807 PMCID: PMC9417252 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.987695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Forsythiae Fructus (FF), the fruit of Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl. (Lianqiao), is one of the most fundamental herbs in Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM), mainly due to its heat-clearing and detoxifying effects. There are two types of FF, the greenish fruits that start to ripen (GF) and the yellow fruits that are fully ripe (RF), called “Qingqiao” and “Laoqiao” referred to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, respectively. It undergoes a complex series of changes during the maturation of FF. However, the clinical uses and preparation of phytopharmaceuticals of FF have not been distinguished to date. Moreover, there is limited information on the study of the difference in pharmacological activity between RF and GF. In this study, a rat model of bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced cholestasis was used to compare the differences in their effects. RF was found to have better results than GF in addressing toxic bile acids (BAs) accumulation and related pathological conditions caused by BDL. The underlying mechanism may be related to the interventions of gut microbiota. The results of the present study suggest that the better detoxifying effect of RF than GF may be indirectly exerted through the regulation of gut microbiota and thus the improvement of BAs metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Institute of Molecule Science, Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Xu-Jiong Li
- Department of Physiology, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
- *Correspondence: Xu-Jiong Li, ; Li-Wei Zhang,
| | - Ling-Hao Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Liang
- Institute of Molecule Science, Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Huan-Huan Xue
- Institute of Molecule Science, Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Institute of Molecule Science, Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shi-Fei Li
- Institute of Molecule Science, Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li-Wei Zhang
- Institute of Molecule Science, Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Xu-Jiong Li, ; Li-Wei Zhang,
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23
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Tian JC, Zhang XL, Cui JR, Li XG. Impact of Azithromycin on Forsythiaside Pharmacokinetics in Rats: A Population Modeling Method. Curr Med Sci 2022; 42:863-870. [PMID: 35678908 PMCID: PMC9178217 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-022-2596-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Yang HX, Liu QP, Zhou YX, Chen YY, An P, Xing YZ, Zhang L, Jia M, Zhang H. Forsythiasides: A review of the pharmacological effects. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:971491. [PMID: 35958429 PMCID: PMC9357976 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.971491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Forsythiasides are a kind of phenylethanol glycosides existing in Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl, which possesses extensive pharmacological activities. According to the different groups connected to the nucleus, forsythiasides can be divided into A-K. In recent years, numerous investigations have been carried out on forsythiasides A, B, C, D, E, and I, which have the effects of cardiovascular protection, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, neuroprotection, et al. Mechanistically, forsythiasides regulate toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB), nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and other signaling pathways, as well as the expression of related cytokines and kinases. Further exploration and development may unearth more treatment potential of forsythiasides and provide more evidence for their clinical applications. In summary, forsythiasides have high development and application value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xuan Yang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiu-Ping Liu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Xi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Library, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Ying Chen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei An
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Zhuo Xing
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Zhang,
| | - Min Jia
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Min Jia,
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Hong Zhang,
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25
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Liu L, Sun Y, Wen C, Jiang T, Tian W, Xie X, Cui X, Lu R, Feng J, Jin A, Wen S, Wei W. Metabolome analysis of genus Forsythia related constituents in Forsythia suspensa leaves and fruits using UPLC-ESI-QQQ-MS/MS technique. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269915. [PMID: 35763534 PMCID: PMC9239459 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Forsythia suspensa is a traditional Chinese herb. Its numerous metabolites have important roles, as they possessed a wide range of biological activities. This study explored the accumulations of F. suspensa metabolites by performing widely targeted metabolomic analysis. The metabolites were studied at four stages of fruit development. Metabolites in the fruits and leaves of F. suspensa during fruit development included phenolic acids, flavonoids, lipids, lignans and coumarins, amino acids and their derivatives, terpenes, organic acids, nucleotides and their derivatives, alkaloids, quinones, steroids, and tannins. Fourteen Forsythia related metabolites were detected. Their contents varied among the developmental stages. Statistically significant correlations were found between the levels of forsythoside B and 11-methyl-forsythide, and forsythialan B and phillygenin, in both leaves and fruits. According to the correlation analysis between metabolites, Forsythia related metabolites were divided into two classes and five subclasses. In total, 33 compounds presented significant correlations in both fruits and leaves, which indicated the potential relationship in the synthesis of Forsythia related metabolites. Forsythialan B and phillygenin were both negatively correlated with L-valine, while Z-6,7-epoxyligustilid was positively correlated with both compounds. The quality control compounds forsythiaside A and phillyrin were positively and negatively correlated with uracil, respectively. These metabolomics results may facilitate the biosynthesis of Forsythia related metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingdi Liu
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Medicinal Plant Engineering Technology Research Center, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Shijiazhuang Institute of Pomology, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Chunxiu Wen
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Medicinal Plant Engineering Technology Research Center, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Tao Jiang
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Medicinal Plant Engineering Technology Research Center, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Wei Tian
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Medicinal Plant Engineering Technology Research Center, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoliang Xie
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Medicinal Plant Engineering Technology Research Center, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xusheng Cui
- Shijiazhuang Yiling Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ruike Lu
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Medicinal Plant Engineering Technology Research Center, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jiaxing Feng
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Medicinal Plant Engineering Technology Research Center, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Aihong Jin
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Medicinal Plant Engineering Technology Research Center, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Saiqun Wen
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Medicinal Plant Engineering Technology Research Center, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Shijiazhuang Institute of Pomology, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Li X, Wang M, Liu C, Xiao Y, Li M, Ban C, Huang Y, Cheng M, Song L, Liu G, Lu S, Wang C, Ren Z. Qingfeiyin Decoction Inhibits H1N1 Virus Infection via Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Inflammatory Pathways in a Murine Model. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:874068. [PMID: 35677448 PMCID: PMC9170074 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.874068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus-caused lung infection and its pandemic outbreaks are a persistent public health challenge. The H1N1 subtype is the most common type of influenza infection observed in humans. Maxingshigantang decoction, a classic formula of Chinese herbal medicine, has been used for the prevention and treatment of respiratory infection for many centuries. Qingfeiyin decoction, based on Maxingshigantang, has been used in the clinic for decades. To explore the underlying mechanisms, according to the traditional Chinese medicine theory “the lung and the large intestine are interior–exterior,” which can be translated to the “gut–lung axis” in a contemporary term, the composition of gut microbiota was determined using 16S rRNA and the transcriptome of the colon was determined by RNA sequencing. The results showed that Qingfeiyin decoction decreased the viral load, alleviated the lung injury, increased the survival rate, partly restored the shortening of the colon caused by the H1N1 virus, and downregulated inflammatory pathways including MAPK, TNFα, and JAK-STAT signaling pathways. Qingfeiyin decoction increased the relative abundance of the genera of Coprococcus, Ruminococcus, Lactobacillus, and Prevotella and prevented the H1N1 virus-induced decrease in the abundance of the genera of Escherichia, Parabacteroides, Butyricimonas, and Anacrotruncus. These results will help better understand the mechanisms for Qingfeiyin decoction’s protective effect against influenza virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingzhe Wang
- Respiratory Department, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), Beijing, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gulou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengde Li
- School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Chengjun Ban
- Respiratory Department, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), Beijing, China
| | - Yuanming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Cheng
- Respiratory Department, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), Beijing, China
| | - Liqiong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guoxing Liu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
- Linwei Liu Zunji Clinic of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weinan, China
| | - Shan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chengxiang Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Chengxiang Wang, ; Zhihong Ren,
| | - Zhihong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Chengxiang Wang, ; Zhihong Ren,
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Fu Y, Pan F, Zhao L, Zhao S, Yi J, Cai S. Interfering effects on the bioactivities of several key proteins of COVID-19/variants in diabetes by compounds from Lianqiao leaves: In silico and in vitro analyses. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:715-729. [PMID: 35346677 PMCID: PMC8957317 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is considered to be one of the diseases most associated with COVID-19. In this study, interfering effects and potential mechanisms of several compounds from Lianqiao (Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl) leaves on the bioactivities of some key proteins of COVID-19 and its variants, as well as diabetic endothelial dysfunctions were illuminated through in vitro and in silico analyses. Results showed that, among the main ingredients in the leaves, forsythoside A showed the strongest docking affinities with the proteins SARS-CoV-2-RBD-hACE2 of COVID-19 and its variants (Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), and Delta (B.1.617)), as well as neuropilin-1 (NRP1), and SARS-CoV-2 main protease (MPro) to interfere coronavirus entering into the human body. Moreover, forsythoside A was the most stable in binding to receptors in Delta (B.1.617) system. It also has good antiviral activities and drug properties and has the strongest binding force to the RBD domain of COVID-19. In addition, forsythoside A reduced ROS production in AGEs-induced EA.hy926 cells, maintained endothelial integrity, and bound closely to protein profilin-1 (PFN1) receptor. This work may provide useful knowledge for further understanding the interfering effects and potential mechanisms of compounds, especially forsythoside A, from Lianqiao leaves on the bioactivities of key proteins of COVID-19/variants in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishan Fu
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Pan
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Yi
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shengbao Cai
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Bibi S, Khan MS, El-Kafrawy SA, Alandijany TA, El-Daly MM, Yousafi Q, Fatima D, Faizo AA, Bajrai LH, Azhar EI. Virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulation analysis of Forsythoside A as a plant-derived inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro. Saudi Pharm J 2022; 30:979-1002. [PMID: 35637849 PMCID: PMC9132386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a more severe strain of coronavirus (CoV) that was first emerged in China in 2019. Available antiviral drugs could be repurposed and natural compounds with antiviral activity could be safer and cheaper source of medicine for SARS-CoV-2. 78 natural antiviral compounds database was identified from literature and virtual screening technique was applied to identify potential 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) inhibitors. Molecular docking studies were conducted to analyze the main protease (3CLpro) and inhibitors interactions with key residues of active site of target protein (PDB ID: 6LU7), active site constitute the part of active domain I and II of 3CLpro. 10 compounds with highest dock score were subjected to calculate ADMET parameters to figure out drug-likeness. Molecular dynamic (MD) simulation of the selected lead was performed by Amber simulation package to understand the conformational changes in docked complex. MD simulations analysis (RMSD, RMSF, Rg, BF, HBs, and SASA plots) of lead bounded with 3CLpro, hence revealed the important structural turns and twists during MD simulations from 0 to 100 ns. MM-PBSA/GBSA methods has also been applied for the estimation binding free energy (BFE) of the selected lead-complex. The present study has identified lead compound “Forsythoside A” an active extract of Forsythia suspense as SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro inhibitor that can block the viral replication and translation. Structural analysis of target protein and lead compound performed in this study could contribute to the development of potential drug against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabana Bibi
- Department of Biosciences, Shifa-Tameer-e-Milat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Biosciences, Shifa-Tameer-e-Milat University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China (S. Bibi). Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (E.I. Azhar).
| | - Muhammad Saad Khan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Sherif A. El-Kafrawy
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamir A. Alandijany
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai M. El-Daly
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qudsia Yousafi
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Dua Fatima
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Arwa A. Faizo
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leena H. Bajrai
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam I. Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Biosciences, Shifa-Tameer-e-Milat University, Islamabad, Pakistan. Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China (S. Bibi). Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (E.I. Azhar).
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Ping YH, Yeh H, Chu LW, Lin ZH, Hsu YC, Lin LC, Hsu CH, Fu SL, Lin TY. The Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Jing Guan Fang for Preventing SARS-CoV-2 Infection: From Clinical Observation to Basic Research. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:744439. [PMID: 35387343 PMCID: PMC8978714 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.744439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a global epidemic. Developing adjuvant therapies which could prevent the virus from binding to cells may impair viral infection. This study produces a traditional Chinese medicine formula, Jing Guan Fang (JGF), based on ancient medical texts, and examines the efficacy and the mechanism by which JGF prevents viral infections. JGF reduces COVID-19 like symptoms. Functional studies show that JGF inhibits the formation of syncytium and reduces the formation of viral plaque. JGF is not toxic in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, JGF induces lysosomal-dependent ACE2 degradation and suppresses mRNA and the protein levels of TMPRSS2 in human lung WI-38 and MRC-5 cells. Mice that inhale JGF exhibit reduced ACE2 and TMPRSS2 protein levels in lung tissues. Together, these findings suggest that JGF may improve the COVID-19 like symptoms and inhibit viral infection. Moreover, JGF may be applicable as an adjuvant preventive strategy against SARS-CoV-2 infection in addition to the use of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Hsin Ping
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin Yeh
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wei Chu
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Hu Lin
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Chieh Hsu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lie-Chwen Lin
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hua Hsu
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Branch of Linsen Chinese and Kunming, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ling Fu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Yi Lin
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biomedical Industry Ph.D. Program, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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30
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Bailly C. Forsythosides as essential components of Forsythia-based traditional chinese medicines used to treat inflammatory diseases and COVID-19. WORLD JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_36_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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31
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Lang W, Cheng M, Zheng X, Zhao Y, Qu Y, Jia Z, Gong H, Ali I, Tang J, Zhang H. Forsythiaside A alleviates methotrexate-induced intestinal mucositis in rats by modulating the NLRP3 signaling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 103:108466. [PMID: 34933162 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Most chemotherapeutic drugs can kill the tumor cells, but also cause a vast damage to body, such as intestinal mucositis (IM). The present study was design to find out the effect of Forsythiaside A (FTA) on chemotherapeutic-induced IM in rats. Briefly, for 3 consecutive days, male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with 7 mg / kg methotrexate (MTX) to establish IM and simultaneously administered with 40 or 80 mg / kg FTA for 7 days. Our results showed that the final body weight and daily food intake were increased, and the disease activity index was reduced in the MTX group after FTA treatment. The MTX group showed the pathological alterations like the inflammatory cells infiltration, the mucosal layer destruction, glands expansion, intestinal villi structure disorder and goblet cells reduction, while we found that 80 mg / kg FTA treatment displayed evident reversal effects. ELISA further suggested that TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-18 levels in serum in MTX-induced rats were reduced after 80 mg / kg FTA treatment. Moreover, FTA decreased the number of leukocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes in peripheral blood. Western blot and immunofluorescence results indicated that the expression levels of NLRP3, cleaved caspase 1, cleaved IL-1β and CD68 positive rate were down-regulated in MTX-induced rats after 80 mg / kg FTA intervention. The findings of the current study suggested that FTA effectively inhibited MTX-induced IM in rats by attenuating the activation of the NLRP3 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuying Lang
- College of Biology Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Shangluo University, Beixin Street 10, Shangluo, China; Shaanxi Qinling Industrial Technology Research Institute of Special Biological Resources Co. Ltd, Beixin Street 10, Shangluo, China
| | - Min Cheng
- College of Biology Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Shangluo University, Beixin Street 10, Shangluo, China; Shaanxi Qinling Industrial Technology Research Institute of Special Biological Resources Co. Ltd, Beixin Street 10, Shangluo, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street 2888, Changchun, China
| | - Yongping Zhao
- College of Biology Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Shangluo University, Beixin Street 10, Shangluo, China; Shaanxi Qinling Industrial Technology Research Institute of Special Biological Resources Co. Ltd, Beixin Street 10, Shangluo, China
| | - Yunlong Qu
- College of Biology Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Shangluo University, Beixin Street 10, Shangluo, China; Shaanxi Qinling Industrial Technology Research Institute of Special Biological Resources Co. Ltd, Beixin Street 10, Shangluo, China
| | - Zhao Jia
- College of Biology Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Shangluo University, Beixin Street 10, Shangluo, China; Shaanxi Qinling Industrial Technology Research Institute of Special Biological Resources Co. Ltd, Beixin Street 10, Shangluo, China
| | - Haizhou Gong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street 2888, Changchun, China
| | - Ihsan Ali
- College of veterinary science faculty of animal husbandry and veterinary science, the University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Jingwen Tang
- College of Biology Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Shangluo University, Beixin Street 10, Shangluo, China
| | - Haihua Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Specialty Animal Germplasm Resources Exploration and Innovation (under planning), College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, No. 360 Hebei Street, Haigang District, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
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32
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Thomas E, Stewart LE, Darley BA, Pham AM, Esteban I, Panda SS. Plant-Based Natural Products and Extracts: Potential Source to Develop New Antiviral Drug Candidates. Molecules 2021; 26:6197. [PMID: 34684782 PMCID: PMC8537559 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections are among the most complex medical problems and have been a major threat to the economy and global health. Several epidemics and pandemics have occurred due to viruses, which has led to a significant increase in mortality and morbidity rates. Natural products have always been an inspiration and source for new drug development because of their various uses. Among all-natural sources, plant sources are the most dominant for the discovery of new therapeutic agents due to their chemical and structural diversity. Despite the traditional use and potential source for drug development, natural products have gained little attention from large pharmaceutical industries. Several plant extracts and isolated compounds have been extensively studied and explored for antiviral properties against different strains of viruses. In this review, we have compiled antiviral plant extracts and natural products isolated from plants reported since 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Siva S. Panda
- Department of Chemistry & Physics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (E.T.); (L.E.S.); (B.A.D.); (A.M.P.); (I.E.)
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33
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Zhang Y, Wang R, Shi W, Zheng Z, Wang X, Li C, Zhang S, Zhang P. Antiviral effect of fufang yinhua jiedu (FFYH) granules against influenza A virus through regulating the inflammatory responses by TLR7/MyD88 signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 275:114063. [PMID: 33813013 PMCID: PMC9759603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fufang-Yinhua-Jiedu Granules (FFYH) optimized from a Yin-Qiao-San, as traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), was used to treat influenza and upper respiratory tract infection and was recommended for the prevention and treatment of SARS in 2003 and current COVID-19 in Anhui Province in 2020. AIM OF STUDY In the clinical studies, FFYH was very effective for the treatment of influenza, but the mechanism of action against influenza A virus remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the antiviral effect of FFYH against influenza A virus in vitro and vivo. Moreover, the potential mechanism of FFYH against influenza A virus in vivo was investigated for the first time. MATERIALS AND METHODS CPE inhibition assay and HA assay were used to evaluate the in vitro antiviral effects of FFYH against influenza A virus H1N1, H3N2, H5N1, H7N9 and H9N2. Mice were used to evaluate the antiviral effect of FFYH in vivo with ribavirin and lianhuaqingwen as positive controls. RT-PCR was used to quantify the mRNA transcription of TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, IP10, and IL-1β mRNA. ELISA was used to examine the expression of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, IP10, and IL-1β in sera. The blood parameters were analyzed with auto hematology analyzer. Moreover, the potential mechanism of FFYH against influenza A virus in vivo was also investigated. RESULTS FFYH showed a broad-spectrum of antiviral activity against H1N1, H3N2, H5N1, H7N9, and H9N2 influenza A viruses. Furthermore, FFYH dose-dependently increased the survival rate, significantly prolonged the median survival time of mice, and markedly reduced lung injury caused by influenza A virus. Also, FFYH significantly improve the sick signs, food taken, weight loss, blood parameters, lung index, and lung pathological changes. Moreover, FFYH could markedly inhibit the inflammatory cytokine expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, IP10, IL-10, and IL-1β mRNA or protein via inhibition of the TLR7/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in vivo. CONCLUSION FFYH not only showed a broad-spectrum of anti-influenza virus activity in vitro, but also exhibited a significant protective effect against lethal influenza virus infection in vivo. Furthermore, our results indicated that the in vivo antiviral effect of FFYH against influenza virus may be attributed to suppressing the expression of inflammatory cytokines via regulating the TLR7/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. These findings provide evidence for the clinical treatment of influenza A virus infection with FFYH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Ronghua Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Weiqing Shi
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhihui Zheng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaoquan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Shuofeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Pinghu Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; College of Veterinary Medicine & Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Ti H. Phytochemical Profiles and their Anti-inflammatory Responses Against Influenza from Traditional Chinese Medicine or Herbs. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 20:2153-2164. [PMID: 32767941 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200807134921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) or herbs are widely used in the prevention and treatment of viral infectious diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms of TCMs remain largely obscure due to complicated material basis and multi-target therapeutics. TCMs have been reported to display anti-influenza activity associated with immunoregulatory mechanisms by enhancing host antiinfluenza immune responses. Previous studies have helped us understand the direct harm caused by the virus itself. In this review, we have tried to summarize recent progress in TCM-based anti-influenza research on the indirect harmful immune responses caused by influenza viruses. In particular, the phytochemicals from TCMs responsible for molecular mechanisms of action belonging to different classes, including phenolic compounds, flavonoids, alkaloids and polysaccharides, have been identified and demonstrated. In addition, this review focuses on the pharmacological mechanism, e.g., inflammatory responses and the interferon (IFN) signaling pathway, which can provide a theoretical basis and approaches for TCM based anti-influenza treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Ti
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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35
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Wu XQ, Zhang WN, Hao MZ, Liu XP, Xiao J, Wang TF, Dong YZ, Zhao J. How Chinese Herbal Medicine Prevents Epidemics: From Ancient Pestilences to COVID-19 Pandemic. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:1017-1044. [PMID: 34107860 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x2150049x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic calls for effective control and prevention. Chinese medicine (CM) has developed systematic theories and approaches for infectious disease prevention over 2000 years. Here, we review and analyze Chinese herbal medicines (CHM) used in infectious disease prevention from ancient pestilences to modern epidemics and pandemics to share cumulative preventive medical experience. A total of 829 formulas, including 329 herbs from 189 ancient books, 131 formulas with 152 herbs, and 13 Chinese patent medicines (CPM) from 30 official Chinese prevention programs used in ancient epidemics, SARS, influenza and COVID-19 prevention, were reviewed and analyzed. Preventive CHM mainly has four functions and can be taken orally or applied externally. CHM that kill pathogens (Realgar [Xionghuang], Cyrtomium Fortunei J. Sm[Guanzhong]) were commonly used externally for disinfection in ancient prevention while CHM tonifying Qi (Astragali Radix [Huangq], Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma [Gancao]) are used for modern prevention. Taking CHM that expel pathogens (Realgar [Xionghuang], Lonicerae Japonicae Flos[Jinyinhua]) and CHM eliminating dampness (Atractylodis Rhizoma [Cangzhu], Pogostemonis Herba[Guanghuoxiang]) have been commonly used from ancient times to COVID-19. Damp toxins are a common characteristic of infectious diseases such as SARS and COVID-19. Thus, taking CHM expelling damp toxins and tonifying Qi are the main methods for SARS and COVID-19 prevention. CHM with different approaches have been widely used in infectious disease prevention from ancient times to the present. Multiple CM prevention methods may provide new perspectives for future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia-Qiu Wu
- College of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Na Zhang
- Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Zhao Hao
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing 100700, P. R. China
| | - Xi-Ping Liu
- College of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Jing Xiao
- College of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Teng-Fei Wang
- Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Zhi Dong
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P. R. China
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A review of pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties of Forsythiaside A. Pharmacol Res 2021; 169:105690. [PMID: 34029711 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine plays a significant role in the treatment of various diseases and has attracted increasing attention for clinical applications. Forsythiae Fructus, the dried fruit of Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl, is a widely used Chinese medicinal herb in clinic for its extensive pharmacological activities. Forsythiaside A is the main active index component isolated from Forsythiae Fructus and possesses prominent bioactivities. Modern pharmacological studies have confirmed that Forsythiaside A exhibits significant activities in treating various diseases, including inflammation, virus infection, neurodegeneration, oxidative stress, liver injury, and bacterial infection. In this review, the pharmacological activities of Forsythiaside A have been comprehensively reviewed and summarized. According to the data, Forsythiaside A shows remarkable anti-inflammation, antivirus, neuroprotection, antioxidant, hepatoprotection, and antibacterial activities through regulating multiple signaling transduction pathways such as NF-κB, MAPK, JAK/STAT, Nrf2, RLRs, TRAF, TLR7, and ER stress. In addition, the toxicity and pharmacokinetic properties of Forsythiaside A are also discussed in this review, thus providing a solid foundation and evidence for further studies to explore novel effective drugs from Chinese medicine monomers.
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37
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Shi M, Peng B, Li A, Li Z, Song P, Li J, Xu R, Li N. Broad Anti-Viral Capacities of Lian-Hua-Qing-Wen Capsule and Jin-Hua-Qing-Gan Granule and Rational use Against COVID-19 Based on Literature Mining. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:640782. [PMID: 34054522 PMCID: PMC8160462 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.640782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a matter of international concern as the disease is spreading exponentially. Statistics showed that infected patients in China who received combined treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine and modern medicine exhibited lower fatality rate and relatively better clinical outcomes. Both Lian-Hua-Qing-Wen Capsule (LHQWC) and Jin-Hua-Qing-Gan Granule (JHQGG) have been recommended by China Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of COVID-19 and have played a vital role in the prevention of a variety of viral infections. Here, we desired to analyze the broad-spectrum anti-viral capacities of LHQWC and JHQGG, and to compare their pharmacological functions for rational clinical applications. Based on literature mining, we found that both LHQWC and JHQGG were endowed with multiple antiviral activities by both targeting viral life cycle and regulating host immune responses and inflammation. In addition, from literature analyzed, JHQGG is more potent in modulating viral life cycle, whereas LHQWC exhibits better efficacies in regulating host anti-viral responses. When translating into clinical applications, oral administration of LHQWC could be more beneficial for patients with insufficient immune functions or for patients with alleviated symptoms after treatment with JHQGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfei Shi
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - An Li
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyun Li
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Song
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Nephropathy, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ruodan Xu
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Li
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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38
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Oesch F, Oesch-Bartlomowicz B, Efferth T. Toxicity as prime selection criterion among SARS-active herbal medications. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 85:153476. [PMID: 33593628 PMCID: PMC7840405 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We present here a new selection criterion for prioritizing research on efficacious drugs for the fight against COVID-19: the relative toxicity versus safety of herbal medications, which were effective against SARS in the 2002/2003 epidemic. We rank these medicines according to their toxicity versus safety as basis for preferential rapid research on their potential in the treatment of COVID-19. The data demonstrate that from toxicological information nothing speaks against immediate investigation on, followed by rapid implementation of Lonicera japonica, Morus alba, Forsythia suspensa, and Codonopsis spec. for treatment of COVID-19 patients. Glycyrrhiza spec. and Panax ginseng are ranked in second priority and ephedrine-free Herba Ephedrae extract in third priority (followed by several drugs in lower preferences). Rapid research on their efficacy in the therapy - as well as safety under the specific circumstances of COVID-19 - followed by equally rapid implementation will provide substantial advantages to Public Health including immediate availability, enlargement of medicinal possibilities, in cases where other means are not successful (non-responders), not tolerated (sensitive individuals) or just not available (as is presently the case) and thus minimize sufferings and save lives. Moreover, their moderate costs and convenient oral application are especially advantageous for underprivileged populations in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Oesch
- Institute of Toxicology, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | | | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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Tissue-Specific Accumulation and Isomerization of Valuable Phenylethanoid Glycosides from Plantago and Forsythia Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083880. [PMID: 33918622 PMCID: PMC8069251 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A comparative phytochemical study on the phenylethanoid glycoside (PhEG) composition of the underground organs of three Plantago species (P. lanceolata, P. major, and P. media) and that of the fruit wall and seed parts of Forsythia suspensa and F. europaea fruits was performed. The leaves of these Forsythia species and six cultivars of the hybrid F. × intermedia were also analyzed, demonstrating the tissue-specific accumulation and decomposition of PhEGs. Our analyses confirmed the significance of selected tissues as new and abundant sources of these valuable natural compounds. The optimized heat treatment of tissues containing high amounts of the PhEG plantamajoside (PM) or forsythoside A (FA), which was performed in distilled water, resulted in their characteristic isomerizations. In addition to PM and FA, high amounts of the isomerization products could also be isolated after heat treatment. The isomerization mechanisms were elucidated by molecular modeling, and the structures of PhEGs were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS) techniques, also confirming the possibility of discriminating regioisomeric PhEGs by tandem MS. The PhEGs showed no cytostatic activity in non-human primate Vero E6 cells, supporting their safe use as natural medicines and allowing their antiviral potency to be tested.
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40
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Tong C, Chen T, Chen Z, Wang H, Wang X, Liu F, Dai H, Wang X, Li X. Forsythiaside a plays an anti-inflammatory role in LPS-induced mastitis in a mouse model by modulating the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Res Vet Sci 2021; 136:390-395. [PMID: 33799169 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Forsythiaside A, a major bioactive component extracted from Forsythiae fructus, possesses multiple biological properties, especially anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory effect of forsythiaside A was investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute mastitis in mice. Our results showed that the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, p38 MAPK, IκBα, and NF-κB p65 in the LPS group were all up-regulated, and obvious pathological changes were observed by sectioning. Compared with those in the LPS group, the expression levels of the above factors were significantly reduced, and the inflammation symptoms were also significantly reduced by section observation after forsythiaside A intervention. These results indicated that forsythiaside A effectively inhibited LPS-induced mammary inflammation in mice by attenuating the activation of the NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China; Wuhu Overseas Student Pioneer Park, Wuhu 241006, China
| | - Tong Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China
| | - Zewen Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China
| | - Xuefang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China; Biotechnology Developing Center of Henan Academy of Sciences, Henan Academy of sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China
| | - Hongyu Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China
| | - Xuebing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan province, PR China; Key Laboratory for Animal-Derived Food Safety of Henan province, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, PR China.
| | - Xiao Li
- Biotechnology Developing Center of Henan Academy of Sciences, Henan Academy of sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan Province, PR China.
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41
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Omrani M, Keshavarz M, Nejad Ebrahimi S, Mehrabi M, McGaw LJ, Ali Abdalla M, Mehrbod P. Potential Natural Products Against Respiratory Viruses: A Perspective to Develop Anti-COVID-19 Medicines. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:586993. [PMID: 33679384 PMCID: PMC7926205 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.586993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of viral pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus (CoV), known as the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), resulted in a contagious acute respiratory infectious disease in December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. Its alarmingly quick transmission to many countries across the world and a considerable percentage of morbidity and mortality made the World Health Organization recognize it as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. The perceived risk of infection has led many research groups to study COVID-19 from different aspects. In this literature review, the phylogenetics and taxonomy of COVID-19 coronavirus, epidemiology, and respiratory viruses similar to COVID-19 and their mode of action are documented in an approach to understand the behavior of the current virus. Moreover, we suggest targeting the receptors of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 such as ACE2 and other proteins including 3CLpro and PLpro for improving antiviral activity and immune response against COVID-19 disease. Additionally, since phytochemicals play an essential role in complementary therapies for viral infections, we summarized different bioactive natural products against the mentioned respiratory viruses with a focus on influenza A, SARS-CoV, MERS, and COVID-19.Based on current literature, 130 compounds have antiviral potential, and of these, 94 metabolites demonstrated bioactivity against coronaviruses. Interestingly, these are classified in different groups of natural products, including alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and others. Most of these compounds comprise flavonoid skeletons. Based on our survey, xanthoangelol E (88), isolated from Angelica keiskei (Miq.) Koidz showed inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV PLpro with the best IC50 value of 1.2 μM. Additionally, hispidulin (3), quercetin (6), rutin (8), saikosaponin D (36), glycyrrhizin (47), and hesperetin (55) had remarkable antiviral potential against different viral infections. Among these compounds, quercetin (6) exhibited antiviral activities against influenza A, SARS-CoV, and COVID-19 and this seems to be a highly promising compound. In addition, our report discusses the obstacles and future perspectives to highlight the importance of developing screening programs to investigate potential natural medicines against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Omrani
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Keshavarz
- Department of Medical Virology, The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Samad Nejad Ebrahimi
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meysam Mehrabi
- Shafa Hospital, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Lyndy J. McGaw
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Muna Ali Abdalla
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North, Sudan
| | - Parvaneh Mehrbod
- Influenza and Respiratory Viruses Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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42
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Bailly C. Forsythosides as Essential Components of Forsythia-based Traditional Chinese Medicines Used to Treat Inflammatory Diseases and COVID-19. WORLD JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/2311-8571.326077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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43
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Pang X, Zhang J, Yu Y, Sun G. Quality grade evaluation and the related research of Forsythia suspensa from different places on the market. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03418a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Quality grade evaluation, content determination and antioxidant activity in vitro research of Forsythia suspensa and seeds from different places.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Pang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Jianglei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Yue Yu
- China Resources Sanju Medical & Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong 102308, China
| | - Guoxiang Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
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44
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Quan X, Liu H, Ye D, Ding X, Su X. Forsythoside A Alleviates High Glucose-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Podocytes by Inactivating MAPK Signaling via MMP12 Inhibition. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:1885-1895. [PMID: 33953587 PMCID: PMC8089089 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s305092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Podocyte injury serves an important role during the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of forsythoside A (FA) on high glucose (HG)-induced podocyte injury and to identify the possible mechanisms. METHODS MPC-5 podocytes were cultured under HG conditions. After exposure to different doses of FA, cell viability and apoptosis were respectively evaluated with CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry. Then, the levels of oxidative stress-related markers and inflammatory factors were examined by corresponding kits. Western blot analysis was employed to detect the expression of Nox2, Nox4, COX-2, iNOS and matrix metalloproteinases 12 (MMP12). Subsequently, MMP12 was overexpressed to assess whether the effects of FA on HG-stimulated podocyte injury were mediated by MMP12 and MAPK signaling. RESULTS Results indicated that FA dose-dependently elevated cell viability, reduced cell apoptosis in HG-induced MPC-5 cells. Additionally, FA significantly inhibited oxidative stress, which could be certified by decreased content of malondialdehyde (MDA), enhanced activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and downregulated expression of Nox2 and Nox4. Moreover, notably reduced levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 were observed in FA-treated MPC-5 cells under HG conditions, accompanied by decreased COX-2 and iNOS expression. Remarkably, FA suppressed MMP12 expression in a dose-dependent manner, and the effects of FA on MPC-5 cells exposed to HG were partially counteracted by MMP12 overexpression. Mechanically, FA inactivated the expression of phospho-ERK (p-ERK), p-p38 and p-JNK, which was restored after MMP12 overexpression. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate a protective mechanism of FA by inactivating MAPK signaling via MMP12 inhibition in HG-induced podocyte injury, providing a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Quan
- Experiment & Teaching Center for Basic Medicine, Chifeng University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia, 024000, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xiaohong Quan Experiment & Teaching Center for Basic Medicine, Chifeng University School of Basic Medical Sciences, No. 1 Yingbin Road, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia, 024000, People’s Republic of China Email
| | - Huihui Liu
- Experiment & Teaching Center for Basic Medicine, Chifeng University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia, 024000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Ye
- Core Facility Center for Functional Experiments, CUSBMS, Chifeng University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia, 024000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinling Ding
- Department of Human Anatomy, CUSBMS, Chifeng University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia, 024000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiulan Su
- Clinical Research Center for Medical Sciences, IMMU, Chifeng University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia, 024000, People’s Republic of China
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45
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Ma N, Sun C, Wei Q, Wang Y, Yan X, Li C, Pei Y. A new diterpernoid glycoside from the fruit of Forsythia suspensa. Nat Prod Res 2020; 36:3474-3479. [PMID: 33342282 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1861616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
One new diterpernoid glycoside, lanceolatinoside A (1), together with one known iridoid glycoside, luzonoside C (2) were isolated from the fruit of Forsythia suspensa. The structure of the new compound (1) was elucidated through 1 D and 2 D NMR spectroscopic data, and HR-ESIMS. Compound 2 was identified as luzonoside C (2) on the basis of NMR spectroscopic data analyses and comparison with those reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, HarBin Medical University, HarBin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenzhi Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, HarBin Medical University, HarBin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, HarBin Medical University, HarBin, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacy, Ruijin Hospital, School of medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajing Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, HarBin Medical University, HarBin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinjia Yan
- College of Pharmacy, HarBin University of Commerce, HarBin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, HarBin Medical University, HarBin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuehu Pei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, HarBin Medical University, HarBin, People's Republic of China
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46
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Experimental study of Forsythoside A on prevention and treatment of avian infectious bronchitis. Res Vet Sci 2020; 135:523-531. [PMID: 33234322 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Forsythoside A is the main active ingredient in the Chinese medicine Forsythia suspensa, which has antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidation, and immunoregulatory effects. It is reported that Forsythoside A can significantly inhibit the replication of the avian infectious bronchitis virus(IBV) in cells, but there is no report in chickens. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Forsythoside A on IBV-M41, experiments were designed using 120 chickens at 12 days of age. The chickens were randomly divided into eight groups: Forsythoside A high-, medium-, and low-dose prevention groups, Forsythoside A high-, medium-, and low-dose treatment groups, model control group and normal control group. All chickens, except the normal control group, were inoculated with 0.2 ml of IBV-M41 at 15 days of age.The antiviral effects were evaluated by clinical signs, weight, histopathology, T-,B-lymphocyte proliferation, T-lymphocyte subsets and cytokine levels.The results showed that the infection rate in each Forsythoside A prevention group was significantly lower than that in the treatment group and model control group (P < 0.05). The recovery rate in each Forsythoside A treatment group was significantly higher than that in the model control group (P < 0.05), and the recovery rate in high- and medium-dose treatment group was the highest, at up to 86.67%. Lymphocytic transformation ability significantly improved in the prevention and treatment groups. Forsythoside A significantly improved the CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T-lymphocyte of infected chickens. The cytokine level was able to maintain high concentrations of IL-2 and IFN-α for a long time and maintain a dynamic IL-4-concentration balance. A number of results showed that Forsythoside A had both preventive and therapeutic effects in IBV-M41-infected chickens, among which the high-dose (80 mg/kg/d) prevention group,the high- (80 mg/kg/d) and medium (40 mg/kg/d) -dose treatment group had significant effects.
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47
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Xi S, Li Y, Yue L, Gong Y, Qian L, Liang T, Ye Y. Role of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Management of Viral Pneumonia. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:582322. [PMID: 33192523 PMCID: PMC7642817 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.582322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral pneumonia is one kind of acute respiratory tract infection caused by the virus. There have been many outbreaks of viral pneumonia with high contagiousness and mortality both in China and abroad, such as the great influenza in 1918, the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus in 2003, the Influenza A (H1N1) virus in 2009, and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012 and the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 2019. These outbreaks and/or pandemic have significant impact on human life, social behaviors, and economic development. Moreover, no specific drug has been developed for these viruses. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) plays an important role in the treatment of viral pneumonia during these outbreaks especially in SARS and SARS-CoV-2 because studies suggest that TCM formulations may target several aspects of the disease and may have lesser side effects than manufactured pharmaceuticals. In recent years, a lot of clinicians and researchers have made a series of in-depth explorations and investigations on the treatment of viral pneumonia with TCM, which have understood TCM therapeutic mechanisms more specifically and clearly. But critical analysis of this research in addition to further studies are needed to assess the potential of TCM in the treatment of viral pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyan Xi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yunhong Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lifeng Yue
- The 3rd Neurology Department, Emergency Department, Gastroenterology Department, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuewen Gong
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Linchao Qian
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia
| | - Tengxiao Liang
- The 3rd Neurology Department, Emergency Department, Gastroenterology Department, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yong'an Ye
- The 3rd Neurology Department, Emergency Department, Gastroenterology Department, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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48
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Xu T, Li X, Huang M, Wang Q, Li C, Tian G, Chen Y. A Preferable Approach for the Quality Control of Xiaoer Chiqiao Qingre Granules Based on the Combination of Chromatographic Fingerprints and Chemometrics. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2020; 2020:6836981. [PMID: 33062374 PMCID: PMC7542504 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6836981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A preferable approach of a combination of a multiwavelength fusion HPLC fingerprint and chemometrics for the quality control of Xiaoer Chiqiao Qingre granules (XCQG) was established in this study. A single-wavelength HPLC fingerprint was performed to identify 18 peaks as common peaks in the beginning, and 12 of them were recognized by HPLC-Q/TOF-MS. To overcome the limitation of the single-wavelength HPLC fingerprint, a three-wavelength (230 nm, 250 nm, and 330 nm) fusion fingerprint was established for a more thorough quality assessment. Six main active ingredients (geniposide, paeoniflorin, forsythin, forsythoside A, baicalin, and wogonoside) were selected as chemical markers for simultaneous quantitative analysis, while the results indicated that the content of other five ingredients except forsythoside A presented comparatively stable. Chemometrics including hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were performed to evaluate the homogeneity and heterogeneity of sixteen batches of XCQG. The results of the multiwavelength fingerprint were clearly classified into two clusters by HCA, whereas the single-wavelength fingerprint showed no distinct difference between them. OPLS-DA was further employed to prove that the above six main active ingredients made great contributions to clustering. In summary, this integrated analysis provided a better promoted and more comprehensive method to control the quality of XCQG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaoqi Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
- Multi-Component of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Microecology Research Center, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Mengmeng Huang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
- Multi-Component of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Microecology Research Center, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
- Multi-Component of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Microecology Research Center, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Chao Li
- Jumpcan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taixing 225400, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Jumpcan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taixing 225400, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
- Multi-Component of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Microecology Research Center, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
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Ren Y, Yin ZH, Dai JX, Yang Z, Ye BB, Ma YS, Zhang TE, Shi YY. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Exploring Active Components and Mechanism of Jinhua Qinggan Granules in Treatment of COVID-19 Based on Virus-Host Interaction. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20947213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at exploring the active components and mechanisms of Jinhua Qinggan granules (JQG) in the prevention and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) using network pharmacology and molecular docking technology. These efforts were accomplished by employing the holistic approach of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and considering the virus-host interaction consisting of viral characteristics, the entry pathway into the host, and the resulting immune response. The chemical constituents and molecular targets of the 12 herbs from JQG were obtained using the TCM Systems Pharmacology database and analysis platform. UniProt was used to search for genes corresponding to JQG protein targets and Cytoscape 3.7.2 to construct the component-target (gene) network. Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery was used to perform enrichment analysis of gene ontology functions and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways to predict the mechanism of action. The components ranked high in the network, and the major active components of the principal medicines, based on published literature, were docked with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 3CL hydrolase, SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (S protein), angiotensin conversion enzyme II (ACE2), and suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1). Visualization analysis demonstrated that the core active components of JQG had a strong affinity for SARS-CoV-2 3CL hydrolase, SARS-CoV-2 S protein, ACE2, and SOCS1. These data imply that the potential active components of JQG may act on multiple signaling pathways by binding to targets such as SARS-CoV-2 3CL hydrolase, S protein, ACE2, and SOCS1, thereby inhibiting virus replication and targeting cell binding, reducing host inflammation, and activating antiviral immunity to a certain extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ren
- College of Pharmacy,Institute of Ethnomedicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zheng-hao Yin
- College of Pharmacy,Institute of Ethnomedicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Zhuo Yang
- College of Pharmacy,Institute of Ethnomedicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin-bin Ye
- College of Pharmacy,Institute of Ethnomedicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi-sha Ma
- College of Pharmacy,Institute of Ethnomedicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tian-e Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan University Biology Laboratories Research on Zang-Xiang of TCM, Chinese Medical Center of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan-yuan Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Xiong Y, Li NX, Duan N, Liu B, Zhu H, Zhang C, Li L, Lu C, Huang L. Traditional Chinese Medicine in Treating Influenza: From Basic Science to Clinical Applications. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:575803. [PMID: 33041821 PMCID: PMC7526665 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.575803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza infection is a highly contagious, acute febrile respiratory disease caused by the influenza virus. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has dominated plenty of theoretical and practical approaches in the treatment of influenza. It is, therefore, important to highlight the effects of TCM in the clinical treatment of influenza and their impact on inhibiting the growth of this virus in laboratory experiments. We scrutinized existing evidence on whether TCM is effective in clinical applications. Moreover, we described the potential mechanisms of TCM against the influenza virus. Our findings provide analytical evidence that supports the effectiveness of TCM in treating influenza infections as well as their mechanisms against this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibai Xiong
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Na Xiao Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Naifang Duan
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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