1
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Zhang S, Lyu H. EEG Microstate Associated with Trait Nostalgia. Brain Topogr 2024:10.1007/s10548-024-01050-6. [PMID: 38592639 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-024-01050-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Nostalgia, a self-related emotion characterized by its bittersweet yet predominantly positive nature, plays a vital role in shaping individual psychology and behavior. This includes impacts on mental and physical health, behavioral patterns, and cognitive functions. However, higher levels of trait nostalgia may be linked to potential adverse outcomes, such as increased loneliness, heightened neuroticism, and more intense experiences of grief. The specific electroencephalography (EEG) feature associated with individuals exhibiting trait nostalgia, and how it differs from others, remains an area of uncertainty. To address this, our study employs microstate analysis to investigate the differences in resting-state EEG between individuals with varying levels of trait nostalgia. We assessed trait nostalgia in 63 participants using the Personal Inventory of Nostalgia and collected their resting-state EEG signals with eyes closed. The results of the regression analysis indicate a significant correlation between trait nostalgia and the temporal characteristics of microstates A, B, and C. Further, the occurrence of microstate B was significantly more frequent in the high trait nostalgia group than in the low trait nostalgia group. Independent samples t-test results showed that the transition probability between microstates A and B was significantly higher in the high trait nostalgia group. These results support the hypothesis that trait nostalgia is reflected in the resting state brain activity. Furthermore, they reveal a deeper sensory immersion in nostalgia experiences among individuals with high levels of trait nostalgia, and highlight the critical role of self-referential and autobiographical memory processes in nostalgia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Time Psychology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- China Community Psychology Service and Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Houchao Lyu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
- Time Psychology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
- China Community Psychology Service and Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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2
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Wang Y, Wildschut T, Sedikides C, Wu M, Cai H. Trajectory of Nostalgia in Emerging Adulthood. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2024; 50:629-644. [PMID: 36601905 DOI: 10.1177/01461672221143241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We examined the change and stability of nostalgia in emerging adulthood. We followed 327 students through their 4 university years with six assessments. Nostalgia demonstrated moderate rank stability (r = .25-.79). A Trait-State-Occasion model analysis indicated that the stable trait component, slowing-change trait component, and state component explained 37% to 43%, 10% to 27%, and 29% to 49% of variation in nostalgia on specific occasions, respectively. Longitudinal multilevel analysis revealed that the mean nostalgia level declined across university years. Greater intensity of negative life events at the start of university was associated with higher initial nostalgia and slower decline of it, while the emotion intensified when experiencing more negative life events. Nostalgia in emerging adulthood displays moderate stability, with negative life events contributing to the shape of its trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Wang
- Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
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3
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Zhang J, Kang T, Zhao K, Wei M, Liu L. The relationship between life satisfaction and nostalgia: Perceived social support and meaning in life chain mediation. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 243:104154. [PMID: 38266579 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Much of the previous research has used experimental studies to explore the positive predictive effect of nostalgia on life satisfaction. However, the possible mediating effects involved remain unclear. To analyze the chain mediating mechanism between perceived social support and meaning in life in the relationship between nostalgia and life satisfaction and to improve the positive application of nostalgia to life satisfaction to ensure the physical and mental health of individuals, this study adopted the method of questionnaire survey, applied the Southampton Nostalgia scale, Perceived Social Support scale, Meaning in Life Scale and Life Satisfaction Scale. This study conducted a horizontal survey on 452 subjects recruited online from Gansu Province, Guangdong Province, Qinghai Province, and other places in China. The results showed that (1) there was a significant positive correlation between nostalgia and perceived social support, presence of meaning in life, searching for meaning in life, and life satisfaction. (2) Perceived social support and meaning in life play a chain mediating role in the relationship between nostalgia and life satisfaction. (3) Perceived social support and different dimensions of meaning in life are different in the relationship between nostalgia and life satisfaction. The findings contribute to understanding the chain-mediated mechanism between life satisfaction and nostalgia and provide recommendations for psychological service providers to apply nostalgia to enhance individual life satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Zhang
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Tinghu Kang
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China.
| | - Kun Zhao
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Min Wei
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Longtian Liu
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
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4
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Wang Y, Sedikides C, Wildschut T, Yang Y, Cai H. Distress prospectively predicts higher nostalgia, and nostalgia prospectively predicts lower distress. J Pers 2023; 91:1478-1492. [PMID: 36805555 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We were concerned with the relation between distress and nostalgia. At the state level, extensive research has established that momentary nostalgia is evoked by (experimentally manipulated) distress. However, at the trait level, the directionality of this relation is unclear. We conducted a longitudinal study to clarify the directional relation between these two constructs. METHOD We surveyed first-year university students (N = 3167) twice across six months. We assessed nostalgia, psychological distress (depression), and physical distress (somatization) at both timepoints. We also assessed Big Five personality at the first timepoint. RESULTS Initial distress prospectively predicted increased nostalgia, and initial nostalgia prospectively predicted reduced distress, six months later and independently of the Big Five. CONCLUSIONS Habitual nostalgia follows rather than precedes naturalistically occurring distress and serves to relieve it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Wang
- School of Business Administration, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Tim Wildschut
- School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ying Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huajian Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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5
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Cho H, Lee HW, Kim T. Volunteers' growth mindset and continuance intention: what are the roles of nostalgia and positive emotions? Front Psychol 2023; 14:1169221. [PMID: 38023056 PMCID: PMC10659098 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1169221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the cognitive and affective aspects of volunteering experiences by focusing on the relationships between volunteers' growth mindset, nostalgia, positive emotions, and their intention to continue volunteering. A total of 364 responses were collected from volunteers who had volunteered within the past 5 years. Results showed that the growth mindset had a positive effect on nostalgia, which in turn positively affected valenced emotions toward volunteering. Nostalgia and volunteers' positive emotions positively influenced their intention to continue volunteering. All indirect effects via nostalgia were significant. This study lays the groundwork to identify the role of nostalgia in volunteerism and contributes to extending the literature on growth mindset and mindset theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heetae Cho
- Department of Sport Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hyun-Woo Lee
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Taehee Kim
- Department of Sport Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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6
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Lammers J. Collective nostalgia and political ideology. Curr Opin Psychol 2023; 52:101607. [PMID: 37336057 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Collective nostalgia is a form of nostalgia that is contingent upon thinking of oneself in terms of a particular social identity. Research has focused in particular on collective nostalgia for a nation's past. Here, I propose that conservatives and others on the right side of the political spectrum experience stronger collective nostalgia for their nation's past than liberals and those on the left. I first explain the roots of this prediction in conservative political philosophy, review empirical evidence in favor of that idea, and summarize findings that show the significance of this link for policy support. Finally, I review and discuss evidence that qualifies the link between conservatism and collective nostalgia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris Lammers
- University of Cologne, Department of Psychology, Richard-Strauss-Str. 2, 50931, Köln, Germany.
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7
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Wildschut T, Sedikides C, Kelley NJ. Trait nostalgia: Four scales and a recommendation. Curr Opin Psychol 2023; 52:101608. [PMID: 37352793 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
We review four established scales for measuring individual differences in trait-level nostalgia: the Nostalgia Inventory, the Southampton Nostalgia Scale, the Nostalgia Prototype Scale, and the Personal Inventory of Nostalgic Experiences. To examine their convergent validity, we re-analyzed data from a published study in which all four scales were administered simultaneously. Multi-group confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated that a one-factor model accurately described the interrelations among the four scales, and supported full metric and partial scalar invariance across U.S. and Chinese samples. When measuring trait nostalgia, we recommend that researchers also consider potential confounders. Specifically, we discuss the importance of controlling for other ways in which individuals habitually reflect on their past, including brooding rumination and upward self-referent counterfactual thinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Wildschut
- Center for Research on Self and Identity, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Constantine Sedikides
- Center for Research on Self and Identity, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Kelley
- Center for Research on Self and Identity, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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8
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Ikeda H, Kusumi T. Episodic memory and personal semantics as triggers of nostalgia: its relationships between abstraction of memory content and temporal distance. Memory 2023; 31:784-801. [PMID: 37000614 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2023.2196038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Nostalgia, an autobiographically relevant positive emotion, is a sentimental longing or wistful affection for the past. Autobiographical memory, which is one of the cognitive bases of nostalgia, includes both abstract semantic and detailed episodic memories. Recent studies have defined and classified memories that are located between semantic and episodic memory as personal semantics. Although autobiographical memory and personal semantics range over a continuum, past nostalgia research has not focused on or controlled them. In two experiments, undergraduate students retrieved episodic memory and personal semantics and rated cognitive and affective items. The intensity of nostalgia differed according to the types of memory content and temporal distance of the memory from the present. These results revealed that not only unique events but also repeated events and autobiographical facts induced nostalgia; furthermore, repeated events from both the distant and recent past (primary and high school, respectively) consistently induced relatively greater nostalgia, but in some cases, they were not significantly different from other types of memory (i.e., unique events and autobiographical facts). These findings suggest that both episodic memory and personal semantics are involved in the occurrence of nostalgia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroka Ikeda
- Graduate School of Education, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kusumi
- Graduate School of Education, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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9
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Zhang X, Zhang X, Yu X. Behavioral Intention of Repeated Watching and Personality Traits: Testing Mediation Model of Nostalgia Arousal and Social Connectedness. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:483-495. [PMID: 36846312 PMCID: PMC9948635 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s391130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Classic old movies and TV series (COMTS) can evoke individuals' memories from the past. "Personality traits-motivation-behavior" is a theoretical frame to understand that nostalgia can lead to repeated watching behavior. Methods We adopted an online survey to investigate the relationship between personality traits, nostalgia, social connectedness and the behavioral intention of repeated watching with those who re-watched movies or TV series (N = 645). Results Our results showed that open, agreeable and neurotic individuals were more likely to feel nostalgic and then have the behavioral intention of repeated watching. In addition, for agreeable and neurotic individuals, social connectedness plays a mediating role in the relationship between these personality traits and behavioral intention of repeated watching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Zhang
- School of Journalism and Communication, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuyi Zhang
- School of Media and Communication, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Yu
- School of Media and Communication, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Xiaofeng Yu, Email
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10
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Hepper EG, Dennis A. From rosy past to happy and flourishing present: Nostalgia as a resource for hedonic and eudaimonic wellbeing. Curr Opin Psychol 2023; 49:101547. [PMID: 36640677 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We review recent evidence of nostalgia's ability to enhance and buffer different types of wellbeing. Nostalgia has been associated with increased hedonic wellbeing (e.g., life satisfaction, happiness) in various contexts. Nostalgia is triggered by and can mitigate against threats to hedonic wellbeing. Nostalgia also increases eudaimonic wellbeing (e.g., perceptions of vitality, environmental mastery, positive relationships) and mitigates threats to eudaimonic wellbeing through varying mechanisms. Two applications of these wellbeing benefits are being explored in recent research: nostalgia can help understand how people buffer negative psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic; and is being harnessed for wellbeing interventions. More experimental and longitudinal research is needed to establish and maximize the potential of nostalgia for bolstering resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica G Hepper
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom.
| | - Amelia Dennis
- University of Southampton, United Kingdom; University of Bath, United Kingdom
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11
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Wang T, Li H, Jiang T. Fighting cyberbullying with past: The buffering effect of nostalgia. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Abeyta AA, Pillarisetty S. Nostalgia supports a meaningful life. Curr Opin Psychol 2023; 49:101520. [PMID: 36549093 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We review research on the role of nostalgia in supporting the ability to find, maintain, and restore meaning in life. We consider evidence that nostalgia promotes aintaining and restoring meaning by protecting against meaning threats, repairing meaning in the face of challenges, and generally compensating for lack of meaning. We also review evidence that nostalgia'' potency to support meaning has positive implications for advancing psychological well-being and adaptive human functioning. Finally, we propose future research important for establishing the applicability of nostalgia as a strategy or intervention to facilitate meaning-making and support psychological health.
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13
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Naidu E, Gabriel S, Wildschut T, Sedikides C. Reliving the Good Old Days: Nostalgia Increases Psychological Wellbeing Through Collective Effervescence. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/19485506221149813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Nostalgia, a sentimental longing for one’s past, is associated with, or confers, psychological wellbeing (PWB). We identified a mechanism for this link: collective effervescence, a potent sense of connection to those present in an assembly and a sensation of transcendence (i.e., feeling that an experience is special or sacred). In six studies, involving measurement-of-mediation and experimental-causal-chain designs, nostalgia was associated with, and led to, higher PWB via collective effervescence. In Study 1, nostalgia was related to PWB through collective effervescence at the dispositional level. In Study 2, induced collective effervescence increased PWB. In Studies 3a–3c, induced nostalgia led to greater PWB due to collective effervescence. In Study 4, induced nostalgia increased PWB due to collective effervescence even when controlling for authenticity, an alternate mediator.
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14
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Li B, Zhu Q, Li A, Cui R. Can Good Memories of the Past Instill Happiness? Nostalgia Improves Subjective Well-Being by Increasing Gratitude. JOURNAL OF HAPPINESS STUDIES 2023; 24:699-715. [PMID: 36644477 PMCID: PMC9826762 DOI: 10.1007/s10902-022-00616-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The positive effect of nostalgia provides an effective way to improve subjective well-being. However, there is little research on the relationship between nostalgia and subjective well-being, especially the mechanism of this link. This study tested the positive effects of nostalgia on emotional well-being (positive affect and negative affect) and cognitive well-being (satisfaction with life) via gratitude. Two experiments were conducted in samples of young adults who were randomized to experimental or control conditions. The analyses involved group comparisons as well as regression-based analyses of mediation. In Experiment 1 (N = 196), we induced nostalgia using a guided autobiographical recall procedure. The nostalgia group had higher positive affect and gratitude, and gratitude partially mediated the association between nostalgia and positive affect. In Experiment 2 (N = 102), we induced nostalgia by showing a nostalgic video from the period when the participants were children. The nostalgia group had higher positive affect and lower negative affect, and gratitude partially mediated these associations. The findings suggest that nostalgia could improve emotional well-being by increasing gratitude, but may not alter cognitive well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Institute for Enterprise Development , Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
- School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
- Research Institute on Brand Innovation and Development of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Qin Zhu
- School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Aimei Li
- School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Rubo Cui
- School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 China
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15
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Li C, Dang J, Liu L, Wei C, Liang Y. The dark side of nostalgia: Yearning for the past fosters bribe-taking. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 62:503-520. [PMID: 36221898 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Past work has demonstrated the psychological benefits of nostalgia; however, little is known about its 'dark side'. Considering both the sociality of nostalgia and the relational nature of bribery, we proposed that nostalgia would bolster social connectedness, which, in turn, would promote bribe-taking. We conducted four experiments (N = 887 online and laboratory participants) to test this assumption. Experimentally induced nostalgia boosted the willingness to take a bribe across different scenarios (Experiments 1 and 2) and facilitated bribe-taking behaviour (Experiment 3); the increased social connectedness accounted for these effects (Experiments 2 and 3). Furthermore, the positive effect of social connectedness on bribe-taking was salient, especially when bribe-taking was framed as a way of establishing social relationships (Experiment 4). The findings not only broaden our understanding of nostalgia and bribe-taking but also provide practical implications for anti-bribery initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianning Dang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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16
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Only the good cry: Investigating the relationship between crying proneness and moral judgments and behavior. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2022. [DOI: 10.32872/spb.6475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
People cry for various reasons and in numerous situations, some involving highly moral aspects such as altruism or moral beauty. At the same time, criers have been found to be evaluated as more morally upright—they are perceived as more honest, reliable, and sincere than non-criers. The current project provides a first comprehensive investigation to test whether this perception is adequate. Across six studies sampling Dutch, Indian, and British adults (N = 2325), we explored the relationship between self-reported crying proneness and moral judgments and behavior, employing self-report measures and actual behavior assessments. Across all studies, we observed positive correlations of crying proneness with moral judgments (r = .27 [.17, .38]) and prosocial behavioral tendencies and behaviors (r = .20 [.12, .28]). These associations held in three (moral judgment) or two (prosocial tendencies and behaviors) out of five studies when controlling for other important variables. Thus, the current project provides first evidence that crying is related to moral evaluation and behavior, and we discuss its importance for the literature on human emotional crying.
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17
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Zhang M, Yang Z, Zhong J, Zhang Y, Lin X, Wang J, Cai H, Kong Y. The analgesic effect of nostalgia elicited by idiographic and nomothetic approaches on thermal stimulus. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1517:167-175. [PMID: 36135942 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Nostalgia is shown to relieve an individual's perception of pain evoked by cold water, pressure, and thermal stimuli. However, there is no direct evidence to show the analgesic effects of different nostalgia-inducing methods on various stimulus intensities. We conducted two studies to examine the analgesic effect, at different pain intensities, after inducing nostalgia either idiographically or nomothetically. Study 1 (N = 118) induced nostalgia through an idiographic approach (i.e., event reflection task) and found that nostalgia relieved both high and low thermal pain. Study 2 (N = 66) induced nostalgia through a nomothetic approach (i.e., viewing nostalgic pictures) and found that nostalgia relieved low but not high thermal pain. The findings verify the analgesic effect of nostalgia on thermal pain and suggest the potential moderating role of the nostalgia induction approach and pain intensity. Practically, these findings have implications for using nostalgia as a nonpharmacological treatment for pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyan Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahui Zhong
- Research Centre of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiyuan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huajian Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yazhuo Kong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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18
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Nostalgia confers psychological wellbeing by increasing authenticity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2022.104379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Faul L, De Brigard F. The moderating effects of nostalgia on mood and optimism during the COVID-19 pandemic. Memory 2022; 30:1103-1117. [PMID: 35642595 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2022.2082481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The initial waves of the coronavirus pandemic amplified feelings of depression, psychological fatigue and pessimism for the future. Past research suggests that nostalgia helps to repair negative moods by boosting current and future-oriented positive affect, thereby strengthening psychological resilience. Accordingly, the present study investigated whether nostalgia moderated the relationship between pandemic experience and individual differences in mood and optimism. Across two studies we assessed psychosocial self-report data from a total of 293 online participants (22-72 years old; mean age 38; 109 females, 184 males) during the first two waves of the pandemic. Participants completed comprehensive questionnaires that probed state and trait characteristics related to mood and memory, such as the Profile of Mood States, Nostalgia Inventory and State Optimism Measure. Our findings indicate that during the initial wave of coronavirus cases, higher levels of nostalgia buffered against deteriorating mood states associated with concern over the pandemic. Nostalgia also boosted optimism for participants experiencing negative mood, and optimism predicted subjective mood improvement one week later. This shielding effect of nostalgia on optimism was replicated during the second wave of coronavirus cases. The present findings support the role of nostalgia in promoting emotional homeostasis and resilience during periods of psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Faul
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Felipe De Brigard
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Philosophy, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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Newman DB. Low Income Amplifies the Negative Relationship Between Nostalgia Proneness and Well-Being. APPLIED RESEARCH IN QUALITY OF LIFE 2022; 17:3311-3326. [PMID: 35611159 PMCID: PMC9121087 DOI: 10.1007/s11482-022-10066-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Nostalgia is a sentimental longing for the past that can influence people's well-being. How this mixed emotion influences well-being may depend on current life circumstances. Nostalgia elicited in negative contexts could be particularly harmful to people's well-being, whereas nostalgia elicited in positive contexts may not be as detrimental. This hypothesis was tested at the level of individual differences with a nationally representative sample of Americans (N = 6,732) who completed measures of nostalgia proneness and several indicators of well-being. Income was measured as an objective indicator of current life circumstances. Results showed that nostalgia proneness was negatively related to well-being, and income was positively related to well-being. Importantly, these relationships were moderated such that the negative relationships between nostalgia and well-being were stronger among members of low income households than among members of high income households. Consistent with the hypothesis, nostalgia proneness was particularly detrimental to well-being under objectively less desirable circumstances. These findings support an emerging body of research that contends that the effect of nostalgia on well-being depends on the context in which nostalgia is elicited. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11482-022-10066-8.
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Biskas M, Juhl J, Wildschut T, Sedikides C, Saroglou V. Nostalgia and Spirituality. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. We investigated the relation between nostalgia and spirituality. We hypothesized that nostalgia is linked to greater spirituality through self-continuity and, in turn, meaning in life. In Study 1, we measured nostalgia and spirituality. Nostalgia predicted greater spirituality. In Study 2, we tested this relation in a nationally representative sample. Nostalgia again predicted greater spirituality, and this relation remained significant after controlling for key demographic variables and core personality traits. In Study 3, we manipulated nostalgia and measured self-continuity, meaning in life, and spirituality. Nostalgia predicted spirituality serially via self-continuity and meaning in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios Biskas
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Jacob Juhl
- Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Tim Wildschut
- Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, UK
| | | | - Vassilis Saroglou
- Department of Psychology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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22
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Kahraman S, Erkent D. The mediator role of attitude towards aging and elderliness in the effect of the meaning and purpose of life on death anxiety. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-8. [PMID: 35440863 PMCID: PMC9010449 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03087-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Older adults can frequently serve as a reminder of death to younger adults. People can develop a negative attitude towards aging and elderliness because they see old age as an obstacle in reaching their goals and what they want to do, which they see as the purpose of their lives. This research was conducted to answer to the question of whether attitudes towards aging and elderliness have a mediating role in the relationship between meaning and purpose of life and death anxiety. Relational screening model was used in the research. The research was conducted with 422 participants between the ages of 18-59. In the analysis of the data, Pearson Correlation Analysis and Regression analysis were performed. In addition, Hayes Macro was used in SPSS program to analyze the mediator variable effect. As a result, it was determined that the attitude towards aging had a significant mediator role in the effect of the meaning and purpose of life on death anxiety. It was found that there was a moderate positive correlation between the attitude towards aging and elderliness and death anxiety, a moderate negative correlation between the attitude towards aging and elderliness and the meaning and purpose of life, and a weak negative correlation between death anxiety and the meaning and purpose of life.
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Abstract
Nostalgia, a sentimental longing for one's past, has been garnering keen empirical attention in the psychological literature over the last two decades. After providing a historical overview, we place the emotion in cross-cultural context. Laypeople in many cultures conceptualize nostalgia similarly: as a past-oriented, social, self-relevant, and bittersweet emotion, but more sweet (positively toned) than bitter (negatively toned). That is, the nostalgizer reflects on a fond and personally important event—often their childhood or valued relationships—relives the event through rose-colored glasses, yearns for that time or relationship, and may even wish to return briefly to the past. Also, triggers of nostalgia (e.g., adverts, food, cold temperatures, loneliness) are similar across cultures. Moreover, across cultures nostalgia serves three key functions: it elevates social connectedness (a sense of belongingness or acceptance), meaning in life (a sense that one's life is significant, purposeful, and coherent), and self-continuity (a sense of connection between one's past and present self). Further, nostalgia acts as a buffer against discomforting psychological states (e.g., loneliness) similarly in varied cultural contexts. For example, (1) loneliness is positively related to, or intensifies, nostalgia; (2) loneliness is related to, or intensifies, adverse outcomes such as unhappiness or perceived lack of social support; and (3) nostalgia suppresses the relation between loneliness and adverse outcomes. Additionally, nostalgia facilitates one's acculturation to a host culture. Specifically, (1) nostalgia (vs. control) elicits a positive acculturation orientation toward a host culture; (2) nostalgia (vs. control) amplifies bicultural identity integration; and (3) positive acculturation orientation mediates the effect of host-culture nostalgia on bicultural identity integration. We conclude by identifying lacunae in the literature and calling for follow-up research.
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Dennis A, Ogden J. Nostalgia, Gratitude, or Optimism: The Impact of a Two-Week Intervention on Well-Being During COVID-19. JOURNAL OF HAPPINESS STUDIES 2022; 23:2613-2634. [PMID: 35340567 PMCID: PMC8934022 DOI: 10.1007/s10902-022-00513-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Research indicates that brief 2-min positive psychology interventions (PPIs) increase well-being during COVID-19 lockdowns. The present study extended this to assess the effectiveness over two-weeks. Participants (n = 150) were randomly allocated to one of three PPIs; nostalgia, gratitude, best possible self (BPS), or control. The interventions were slightly adapted for the lockdown and were completed three times, every seven days over two-weeks. Well-being measures were completed immediately after the first intervention (T1), after the next two interventions (T2-T3) and at one-week follow-up (T4) (but no baseline measure of well-being was taken). At T1, participants in the nostalgia, gratitude, and BPS intervention had higher self-esteem than those in the control intervention. At T1 and T2, participants in the gratitude and BPS intervention reported higher social connectedness than participants in the nostalgia and control intervention. Then at follow-up (T4), participants in the nostalgia, gratitude, and BPS intervention had lower fear of COVID-19 than those in the control intervention. Overall, the results show the benefits of nostalgia, gratitude and optimism, compared to the control, during lockdown. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10902-022-00513-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Dennis
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Jane Ogden
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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Romanelli F. The Nostalgia of Pencils, Chalk, and Typewriters. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2022; 86:8785. [PMID: 34301590 PMCID: PMC10159446 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe8785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Nostalgia is characterized by feelings of sentimentality and wistfulness. Once considered pathologic, nostalgia is now recognized as a normal and perhaps essential part of the human condition. Closely related to but distinct from nostalgia is a phenomenon known as "rosy retrospection." Rosy retrospection is a bias where individuals judge the past as being disproportionally superior to the present. Nostalgia plays a role in helping individuals and society gauge its progress and accomplishments. It also serves to offer comfort in difficult times. Individuals should be careful to understand the differences between nostalgia and rosy retrospection and make efforts to build nostalgic moments with colleagues and family members both inside and outside of the classroom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Romanelli
- University of Kentucky, College of Pharmacy, Lexington, Kentucky
- Executive Associate Editor, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Arlington, Virginia
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Psychological Well-Being and Home Conditions during COVID-19 Confinement. Internet Addiction and Nostalgia as Mediators. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147386. [PMID: 34299838 PMCID: PMC8304189 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic posed a challenge for all confined populations, dealing with their home resources and suffering changes in their psychological well-being. The aim of this paper is to analyze the relationship between home conditions (i.e., having children, square meters of the house and square meters of the terrace or similar) and psychological well-being, and to test whether this relationship is mediated by Internet addiction and nostalgia. The sample was composed of 1509 people, aged between 18 to 78 years (67.6% women). Structural Equations Models and 2 × 2 ANOVAs were analyzed. It was found that better home conditions mean greater psychological well-being, and that this relationship is partially mediated, in a negative sense, by Internet addiction and nostalgia, especially after day 45 of confinement and with greater intensity in women. These results provide evidence about how psychological well-being can be preserved during a confinement situation, which may be useful for planning healthy strategies in similar circumstances in the future.
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Hong EK, Sedikides C, Wildschut T. How Does Nostalgia Conduce to Global Self-Continuity? The Roles of Identity Narrative, Associative Links, and Stability. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2021; 48:735-749. [PMID: 34151655 PMCID: PMC9066684 DOI: 10.1177/01461672211024889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In five studies (N = 1,074), we examined the relation-both correlational and causal-between nostalgia, a sentimental longing for one's past, and global self-continuity (GSC), a sense of connection among past, present, and future selves. Furthermore, we addressed mechanisms underlying this relation. We asked, in particular, whether nostalgic individuals might achieve GSC by constructing a narrative to give meaning to life transitions (narrative), connecting to the past (associative links), or believing in a self that is resistant to change (stability). Nostalgia predicted (Studies 1-3) and caused (Studies 4 and 5) GSC. The relation between nostalgia and GSC was consistently mediated by narrative, sporadically mediated by associative links, and unmediated by stability. The robust indirect effect via narrative remained significant when controlling for rumination (Study 3). We discuss theoretical and practical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K. Hong
- University of Southampton, UK
- Emily K. Hong, Center for Research on Self and Identity, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, 4001 B44, University Rd, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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Nostalgia enhances detection of death threat: neural and behavioral evidence. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12662. [PMID: 34135348 PMCID: PMC8209061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91322-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
An experiment examined the potency of nostalgia-a sentimental longing for one's past-to facilitate detection of death-related stimuli, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and behavioral techniques (i.e., judgmental accuracy, reaction times). We hypothesized and found that, at the neural level, nostalgic (relative to control) participants evinced more intense activation in right amygdala in response to death-related (vs. neutral) words. We also hypothesized and found that, at the behavioral level, nostalgic (relative to control) participants manifested greater accuracy in judging whether two death-related (vs. neutral) words belonged in the same category. Exploratory analyses indicated that nostalgic (relative to control) participants did not show faster reaction times to death-related (vs. neutral) words. In all, nostalgia appeared to aid in death threat detection. We consider implications for the relevant literatures.
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Brosowsky NP, Van Tilburg W, Scholer AA, Boylan J, Seli P, Danckert J. Boredom proneness, political orientation and adherence to social-distancing in the pandemic. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 2021; 45:631-640. [PMID: 34054164 PMCID: PMC8143989 DOI: 10.1007/s11031-021-09888-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Research recently showed that boredom proneness was associated with increased social distancing rule-breaking in a sample collected early in the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we explore data collected early in the pandemic to examine what factors might drive this relation. We focus on political affiliation. Given the functional account of boredom as a call to action, we hypothesized that this urge to act may drive individuals towards outlets replete with symbolic value (e.g., ideology, identity). In addition, given the politicization of some social distancing rules (e.g., mask wearing), we explored whether those who adhere to strong political ideologies—particularly conservative ideologies—would be more likely to rule-break. Moderation analyses indicated that boredom proneness and social (but not fiscal) conservatism were indeed predictive of rule-breaking. These results highlight the need for both clear messaging emphasizing the strength of communal identity and action (i.e., that “We are all in this together”) and for interventions that emphasize shared collective values in contexts that appeal directly to social conservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholaus P Brosowsky
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, 417 Chapel Drive, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Wijnand Van Tilburg
- Department of Psychology, Essex University, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, C04 3SQ UK
| | - Abigail A Scholer
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - James Boylan
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Paul Seli
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, 417 Chapel Drive, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - James Danckert
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 Canada
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Behler AMC, Cairo A, Green JD, Hall C. Making America Great Again? National Nostalgia's Effect on Outgroup Perceptions. Front Psychol 2021; 12:555667. [PMID: 33935844 PMCID: PMC8079816 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.555667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nostalgia is a fond longing for the past that has been shown to increase feelings of meaning, social connectedness, and self-continuity. Although nostalgia for personal memories provides intra- and interpersonal benefits, there may be negative consequences of group-based nostalgia on the perception and acceptance of others. The presented research examined national nostalgia (a form of collective nostalgia), and its effects on group identification and political attitudes in the United States. In a sample of US voters (N = 252), tendencies to feel personal and national nostalgia are associated with markedly different emotional and attitudinal profiles. Higher levels of national nostalgia predicted both positive attitudes toward President Trump and racial prejudice, though there was no evidence of such relationships with personal nostalgia. National nostalgia most strongly predicted positive attitudes toward president Trump among those high in racial prejudice. Furthermore, nostalgia's positive relationship with racial prejudice was partially mediated by perceived outgroup threat. Results from this study will help us better understand how the experience of national nostalgia can influence attitudes and motivate political behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria C. Behler
- Psychology Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Athena Cairo
- Psychology Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Jeffrey D. Green
- Psychology Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Calvin Hall
- Psychology Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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Wong AE, Dirghangi SR, Butner J. Storied across time: Construction, validation, and relationships of the cinematic self scale. SELF AND IDENTITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2020.1717593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E. Wong
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Shrija R. Dirghangi
- Department of Child Development, California State University, Chico, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Butner
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Gibbs H, Egermann H. Music-Evoked Nostalgia and Wellbeing During the United Kingdom COVID-19 Pandemic: Content, Subjective Effects, and Function. Front Psychol 2021; 12:647891. [PMID: 33828512 PMCID: PMC8019926 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.647891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nostalgic music is defined as that which evokes feelings of nostalgia through reminders of certain periods of life, places or people. Feelings of nostalgia are said to occur during times of hardship and difficult transitionary periods, such as the first COVID-19 lockdown in the United Kingdom in 2020. Here, the reassurance of the past might have held certainty that could sustain a sense of meaning and purpose in life and influence wellbeing. The aims of the presented study were to explore the nature of music-induced nostalgia during the lockdown, by analysing participants' narratives conjured by the music and their emotional responses to them, and to determinethe extent that using nostalgic music listening as an emotion regulation strategy had an impact on wellbeing. Data was collected by means of an online questionnaire, which retrospectively investigated nostalgic music during the lockdown. Participants listened to a self-selected piece of music that they had listened to 3 months prior whichinduced feelings of nostalgia, reported their resulting emotion and the content of memories associated with their nostalgia, and completed a questionnaire rating their experienced effect of nostalgia in relation to their piece of music. Following this, we investigated the functions that nostalgic music tends to have in regulating emotions through means of a pre-validated scale. 570 participants (34% identified as male) were recruited (age years M = 44, SD = 16). Concurrent with existing research, the findings suggest that there are significant differences in the affective and narrative content of nostalgicmusic listening in relation to which emotion regulation strategy was used, and that employing nostalgic music listening as a form of approaching difficult emotions can have a positive impact on wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hauke Egermann
- York Music Psychology Group, Department of Music, University of York, York, United Kingdom
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Green JD, Cairo AH, Wildschut T, Sedikides C. The Ties That Bind: University Nostalgia Fosters Relational and Collective University Engagement. Front Psychol 2021; 11:580731. [PMID: 33597902 PMCID: PMC7882505 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.580731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Does nostalgia for one's time at university predict current intentions to engage with the university? In Study 1, United States participants' nostalgia for their university experience (university nostalgia) at a southern public university predicted stronger intentions to socialize with fellow alumni, attend a future reunion, volunteer for their university, and donate money to their university. Study 2 replicated these findings with alumni from a northeastern private university, and extended them by finding that the links between university nostalgia and university engagement emerged even when controlling for the positivity of university experience. In both studies, feelings of university belonging mediated most of the associations between university nostalgia and university engagement. In Study 2, the positivity of the university experience moderated the relation between university nostalgia and two indices of university engagement. Specifically, university nostalgia was more strongly associated with intentions to attend a reunion and donate money among those who had a relatively negative university experience. Nostalgia for one's university past predicts future engagement with the university as well as its members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Green
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Athena H Cairo
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Tim Wildschut
- Centre for Research on Self and Identity, Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Constantine Sedikides
- Centre for Research on Self and Identity, Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Maher PJ, Igou ER, van Tilburg WA. Nostalgia relieves the disillusioned mind. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2020.104061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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35
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Frankenbach J, Wildschut T, Juhl J, Sedikides C. Does neuroticism disrupt the psychological benefits of nostalgia? a meta-analytic test. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/per.2276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nostalgia, a sentimental longing or wistful affection for the past, confers self-oriented, existential, and social benefits. We examined whether nostalgic engagement is less beneficial for individuals who are high in neuroticism (i.e. emotionally unstable and prone to negative affect). Specifically, we tested whether the benefits of experimentally induced nostalgia are moderated by trait-level neuroticism. To address this issue, we conducted a high-powered individual participant data meta-analysis ( N = 3556, k = 19). We found that the benefits of nostalgia were not significantly moderated by neuroticism, as they emerged for both high and low neurotics. This finding upheld when the self-oriented, existential, and social benefits of nostalgia were analysed jointly and when they were analysed separately. Taken together, individuals high and low in neuroticism are equally likely to benefit psychologically from engagement in nostalgic reverie.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tim Wildschut
- Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jacob Juhl
- Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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Fung HH, Chu STW, Jiang D, Chen AX, Ng CC. Contrasting the Effects of Mortality Salience and Future Time Limitation on Goal Prioritization in Older and Younger Adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2020; 75:2112-2121. [PMID: 31628456 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbz133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims at contrasting the effects of limited future time perspective and mortality salience on goal prioritization across adulthood. Socioemotional selectivity theory (SST) argues that people increasingly prioritize emotionally meaningful goals when they perceive future time as more limited. Terror management theory (TMT) suggests that mortality salience (i.e., the awareness of one's mortality) drives people to prioritize the goal of perpetuating own existence through affirming cultural worldview. METHOD In this study, participants (N = 438) were randomly assigned to six conditions that primed (a) limited future time, (b) mortality salience, (c) death reflection, (d) both limited future time and mortality salience, (e) both limited future time, and death reflection, or (f) none. RESULTS Results showed that older adults allocated significantly more resources to emotionally close recipients who supported their cultural worldviews in conditions involving future time limitation and death reflection. They also allocated less resources to emotionally not close recipients who did not support their cultural worldviews in conditions involving future time limitation. Younger adults did not show these differences. Nor did mortality salience have any effect. DISCUSSION These results suggest that future time perspective and death reflection shift age-related goals more than mortality salience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene H Fung
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories
| | - Steven Tsun-Wai Chu
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories
| | - Da Jiang
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, Education University of Hong Kong, New Territories
| | - Amber Xuqian Chen
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories
| | - Carson Chuen Ng
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories
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Kersten M, Swets JA, Cox CR, Kusumi T, Nishihata K, Watanabe T. Attenuating Pain With the Past: Nostalgia Reduces Physical Pain. Front Psychol 2020; 11:572881. [PMID: 33154729 PMCID: PMC7589743 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.572881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous work has found that nostalgia, a sentimental longing for the past, is associated with psychological, emotional, and social benefits. Recent research has demonstrated that nostalgic reflection also can improve individuals’ physical health (i.e., exercise) and reduce temperature-related pain. Building on this, two experiments examined how nostalgia can reduce people’s pain perceptions (i.e., reduced severity and increased tolerance). Specifically, Study 1 showed that inducing nostalgia through a writing task decreased perceived pain severity (i.e., intensity) among self-reported chronic pain sufferers. Study 2, in turn, demonstrated that Japanese individuals experienced increased pain tolerance (i.e., the maximum level of pain a person can tolerate) for a pressure algometer task following thoughts of nostalgia (vs. a control prime). This work provides evidence that nostalgic reflection may serve as a psychological resource to reduce the perceived severity of physical pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Kersten
- Department of Psychology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Julie A Swets
- Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Cathy R Cox
- Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Takashi Kusumi
- Graduate School of Education, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Tomoya Watanabe
- Graduate School of Education, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Rana S, Raut SK, Prashar S, Quttainah MA. The transversal of nostalgia from psychology to marketing: what does it portend for future research? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL ANALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/ijoa-03-2020-2097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The use of nostalgia in the marketing domain has been popular around the world. Nostalgia has been considered a complex yet ambivalent emotion, which has ignited curiosity among marketing researchers and practitioners alike. In response to calls from marketing practitioners and scholars to understand nostalgia formation among consumers, this study tracks the evolution of nostalgia concepts in the domains of marketing and, more generally, business management. This study aims to highlight the development of a theoretical framework to integrate existing concepts and offer implications based on understanding nostalgia as a phenomenon among consumers as a tool for marketing practice.
Design/methodology/approach
This study is descriptive and inductive in nature. The manuscript is designed and positioned as a conceptual study exploring nostalgia’s journey from the domain of psychology to business management. The study synthesizes concepts of nostalgia from psychology, sociology and business management.
Findings
The study reveals that nostalgia in the business-management domain is not perceived in the same way as in psychology studies. It has journeyed through different schools of thought and is now used as an impactful marketing practice. The manuscript offers relevant information to marketing practitioners to improve their nostalgia marketing strategies, such as advertising and promotions, retro-branding, crowd-sourcing and culturally oriented practice. Subsequently, the manuscript offers pointers for understanding consumers across the generations and exploring nostalgia and consumption patterns for future research.
Research limitations/implications
The manuscript offers relevant information about nostalgia to marketing practitioners to improve their nostalgia marketing strategies and proposes avenues for future research to the domain scholars.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is no comprehensive paper tracking the journey of nostalgia in business practices and providing directions for future research. This study extends existing literature both by suggesting future research directions and by drawing marketing practitioners’ attention to a conceptual framework for understanding the processes of and relationships with consumer nostalgia, including ways to use consumer nostalgia within marketing practices.
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Zhou X, Huang R, Batcho K, Ye W. This Won't Last Forever: Benefits and Costs of Anticipatory Nostalgia. Front Psychol 2020; 11:577308. [PMID: 33192891 PMCID: PMC7658410 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.577308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
What helps consumers extract the greatest happiness from their experiences? The current investigation is the first to introduce to the consumer literature the construct of anticipatory nostalgia, defined as missing aspects of the present before they vanish in the future. While personal nostalgia involves fond memories and longing for what has already been lost, anticipatory nostalgia involves missing what has not yet been lost. In four studies, we show that marketing communications can elicit anticipatory nostalgia, and this emotion can either enhance or reduce consumer enjoyment of the experience, depending on the experience valence or the individual's level of life satisfaction. Specifically, mediated by anxiety, anticipatory nostalgia decreased enjoyment and positive affect in pleasant situations, but it enhanced enjoyment and affect in unpleasant circumstances. Study 4 extended the paradigm to a real-life setting and showed that the impact of anticipatory nostalgia on enjoyment and meaningfulness can last as long as 8 h after the manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhou
- Department of Marketing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Economics and Business Department, Saint Anselm College, Manchester, NH, United States
| | - Krystine Batcho
- Department of Psychology, Le Moyne College, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Weiling Ye
- Department of Marketing, College of Business, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, China
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Rogers R. Eye of the Beholder: Memory Recall Perspective Impacts Nostalgia's Influence on Positive Affect. Front Psychol 2020; 11:572345. [PMID: 33041943 PMCID: PMC7527719 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.572345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Recalling memories for which one is nostalgic provides a host of psychological benefits, including promoting positive affect. The present research (N = 409) examined how memory recall perspective impacts this affective consequence of waxing nostalgic. Memory recall perspective research indicates that people show stronger affective engagement with memories recalled from a first person perspective (seeing the event through one’s own eyes, as one experienced it) rather than a third person perspective (seeing the event as an outside observer may have). Results indicated that when participants recalled memories from a first person perspective, those who recalled an event for which they felt nostalgic reported higher positive affect compared to their counterparts who recalled an ordinary past event. However, when participants recalled memories from a third person perspective, those who recalled an event for which they felt nostalgic reported levels of positive affect that did not differ from participants who recalled an ordinary past event. This finding suggests that, when comparing nostalgic reverie to recalling an ordinary past event, the extent to which nostalgia serves as a well-spring of positive affect is partially impacted by memory recall perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Rogers
- Psychology Department, Colby College, Waterville, ME, United States
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Heintzelman SJ, Mohideen F, Oishi S, King LA. Lay beliefs about meaning in life: Examinations across targets, time, and countries. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2020.104003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Reid CA, Green JD, Short SD, Willis KD, Moloney JM, Collison EA, Wildschut T, Sedikides C, Gramling S. The past as a resource for the bereaved: nostalgia predicts declines in distress. Cogn Emot 2020; 35:256-268. [PMID: 32964784 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2020.1825339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Nostalgia, a sentimental longing for one's past, can serve as a resource for individuals coping with discomforting experiences. The experience of bereavement poses psychological and physical risks. In a longitudinal study, we examined whether dispositional nostalgia predicted reductions in distress associated with the death of a loved one. Undergraduate students (N = 133) provided information regarding their loss (time elapsed since loss, expectedness) and levels of initial grief, nostalgia, and distress (hyperarousal, intrusion, avoidance) at three time points over a one-month period (Times 2 and 3 occurred one week and one month after the initial session, respectively). Individuals experiencing higher nostalgia reported a decrease in intrusive thoughts across time, whereas those experiencing lower nostalgia reported no change in intrusive thoughts across time. Hyperarousal (physical symptoms, negative feelings) decreased across time among individuals with higher initial grief who experienced greater nostalgia, but increased across time among those with higher initial grief who experienced lesser nostalgia. No changes occurred in avoidance. Nostalgia can palliate bereavement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea A Reid
- Department of Psychology, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Green
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Stephen D Short
- Department of Psychology, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Kelcie D Willis
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jaclyn M Moloney
- Department of Psychological Sciences, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Collison
- Division of General, Geriatric and Hospital Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Tim Wildschut
- School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Sandra Gramling
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Newman DB, Sachs ME. The Negative Interactive Effects of Nostalgia and Loneliness on Affect in Daily Life. Front Psychol 2020; 11:2185. [PMID: 32982886 PMCID: PMC7492671 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Research has suggested that nostalgia is a mixed, albeit predominantly positive emotion. One proposed function of nostalgia is to attenuate the negative consequences of loneliness. This restorative effect of nostalgia, however, has been demonstrated with cross sectional and experimental methods that lack ecological validity. In studies that have measured nostalgia in daily life, however, nostalgia has been negatively related to well-being. We propose an alternative theory that posits that the effect of nostalgia on well-being depends on the event or experience that elicits nostalgia. We tested this theory by measuring daily states of nostalgia, loneliness, and affect across five daily diary studies (N = 504; 6,004 daily reports) that lasted for 14 days. Using multilevel modeling, we found that nostalgia and loneliness were negatively related to positive affect and positively related to negative affect. The negative effects of nostalgia on affective well-being were significantly stronger on days when people felt more lonely as opposed to less lonely. Viewed alternatively, the negative effects of loneliness on affective well-being were stronger on days when people felt more vs. less nostalgic. Thus, in contrast to experimental findings, nostalgia did not attenuate, but rather exaggerated the negative effects of loneliness on affective well-being. These findings support a theoretical account that proposes that the effect of nostalgia on well-being depends on the natural context in which nostalgia is elicited.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Newman
- Psychiatry Department, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Matthew E Sachs
- Center for Science and Society, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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Leunissen J, Wildschut T, Sedikides C, Routledge C. The Hedonic Character of Nostalgia: An Integrative Data Analysis. EMOTION REVIEW 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1754073920950455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We conducted an integrative data analysis to examine the hedonic character of nostalgia. We combined positive and negative affect measures from 41 experiments manipulating nostalgia ( N = 4,659). Overall, nostalgia inductions increased positive and ambivalent affect, but did not significantly alter negative affect. The magnitude of nostalgia’s effects varied markedly across different experimental inductions of the emotion. The hedonic character of nostalgia, then, depends on how the emotion is elicited and the benchmark (i.e., control condition) to which it is compared. We discuss implications for theory and research on nostalgia and emotions in general.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Constantine Sedikides
- Department of Psychology, Center for Research on Self and Identity, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Clay Routledge
- Department of Psychology, North Dakota State University, USA
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Sugimori E, Shimokawa K, Aoyama Y, Kita T, Kusumi T. Empathetic listening boosts nostalgia levels and positive emotions in autobiographical narrators. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04536. [PMID: 32817889 PMCID: PMC7426580 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nostalgic memories serve to increase human resilience. Here, we hypothesized that emotional impressions on a narrator's nostalgic memory change depending on the level of empathy in the listener's response. This independent-measures study was conducted in 120 healthy Japanese undergraduates (66 women, 54 men, M age 20.3 ± 1.9 years). Nostalgia was induced using a medley of Japanese pop songs from the years 2006-2010. Thirty minutes later each participant was randomly allocated to be interviewed by an experimenter who applied one of three listening conditions: empathy, non-empathy, or non-response. Output measures were participant's talking time, nostalgia ratings, and positive and negative emotion ratings. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance followed by a multiple comparisons test. Empathy group participants had a significantly longer talking time than non-empathy or non-response participants, higher nostalgia scores than non-response participants, and higher positive emotion scores than non-empathy and non-response participants, but lower negative emotion scores than non-reponse participants. Participants were then divided into a less nostalgia-prone and a more nostalgia-prone group using the Southampton Nostalgia Rating Scale and the data were reanalyzed for each experimental condition. The results showed that a person more prone to nostalgia felt more nostalgic and more positive toward their autobiographical memory than those who are less nostalgia-prone. The present findings have implications for human interaction in everyday life and in therapeutic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Sugimori
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Japan
- Corresponding author.
| | | | - Yuki Aoyama
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kita
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Japan
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Abeyta AA, Routledge C, Kaslon S. Combating Loneliness With Nostalgia: Nostalgic Feelings Attenuate Negative Thoughts and Motivations Associated With Loneliness. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1219. [PMID: 32655445 PMCID: PMC7324708 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Loneliness is difficult to overcome, in part because it is associated with negative social cognitions and social motivations. We argue that nostalgia, a positive emotional experience that involves reflecting on cherished memories, is a psychological resource that regulates these maladaptive intrapsychic tendencies associated with loneliness. We tested this hypothesis across 4 studies. Study 1 examined whether nostalgia mitigates the inverse relation between loneliness and social confidence. Studies 2, 3, and 4 examined nostalgia's potential to mitigate the inverse relation between loneliness and approach-oriented social goals and intentions. The results provided support that nostalgia mitigates reduced social confidence and low approach-oriented social goals/intentions associated with loneliness. The associations between loneliness and reduced social confidence, and loneliness and less approach-oriented social goals/intentions, respectively, were found to be weaker as a function of nostalgia. This weakening appeared to be due to nostalgia's positive effect on social confidence and approach-oriented social goals/intentions, respectively, particularly at high levels of loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Abeyta
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Camden, NJ, United States
| | - Clay Routledge
- Department of Psychology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Samuel Kaslon
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Camden, NJ, United States
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Batcho KI. When Nostalgia Tilts to Sad: Anticipatory and Personal Nostalgia. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1186. [PMID: 32547466 PMCID: PMC7274075 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Contemporary research has showcased many benefits of nostalgia, but its bittersweet character and historical reputation as unhealthy raise the possibility of less favorable impacts. In recent studies, daily diary data highlighted nostalgia’s mixed valence and suggested that nostalgia is more strongly associated with negative feelings. Variables that influence the adaptive or maladaptive dimensions of nostalgia have not yet been fully explored. Recently, a focus on when nostalgia is experienced relative to past and future was introduced in the construct of anticipatory nostalgia, missing the present prematurely before it has become past. Distinct from personal nostalgia, anticipatory nostalgia was found to be characterized by difficulty enjoying the present and a tendency toward sadness and worry. The present study examines the distinctive dynamics at play in anticipatory and personal nostalgia by exploring the relationship between each type of dispositional nostalgia and reported experience with happy and sad stories. The Nostalgia Inventory, the Survey of Anticipatory Nostalgia, and a brief form of the PANAS were completed by 144 undergraduates (110 women), who rated their exposure and reactions to happy and sad stories. Reported frequency of exposure to happy and sad stories was related to dispositional happiness and sadness. Personal and anticipatory nostalgia did not differ in frequency of exposure to happy and sad stories, but they did differ in reactivity to and learning from sad stories. Findings highlight the importance of the timing of nostalgia, consistent with the distinction between nostalgia for the past and nostalgia for what is still present.
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Make America gracious again: Collective nostalgia can increase and decrease support for right‐wing populist rhetoric. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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FioRito TA, Geiger AR, Routledge C. Creative Nostalgia: Social and Psychological Benefits of Scrapbooking. ART THERAPY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/07421656.2020.1748986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Woltin K, Yzerbyt VY. From regulation to projection: Reliance on regulatory mode in predictions about others. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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