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Mezzetti M, Passamonti MM, Dall’Asta M, Bertoni G, Trevisi E, Ajmone Marsan P. Emerging Parameters Justifying a Revised Quality Concept for Cow Milk. Foods 2024; 13:1650. [PMID: 38890886 PMCID: PMC11171858 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Milk has become a staple food product globally. Traditionally, milk quality assessment has been primarily focused on hygiene and composition to ensure its safety for consumption and processing. However, in recent years, the concept of milk quality has expanded to encompass a broader range of factors. Consumers now also consider animal welfare, environmental impact, and the presence of additional beneficial components in milk when assessing its quality. This shifting consumer demand has led to increased attention on the overall production and sourcing practices of milk. Reflecting on this trend, this review critically explores such novel quality parameters, offering insights into how such practices meet the modern consumer's holistic expectations. The multifaceted aspects of milk quality are examined, revealing the intertwined relationship between milk safety, compositional integrity, and the additional health benefits provided by milk's bioactive properties. By embracing sustainable farming practices, dairy farmers and processors are encouraged not only to fulfill but to anticipate consumer standards for premium milk quality. This comprehensive approach to milk quality underscores the necessity of adapting dairy production to address the evolving nutritional landscape and consumption patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Mezzetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, della Nutrizione e degli Alimenti (DIANA), Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (M.M.); (M.M.P.); (M.D.); (G.B.); (E.T.)
| | - Matilde Maria Passamonti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, della Nutrizione e degli Alimenti (DIANA), Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (M.M.); (M.M.P.); (M.D.); (G.B.); (E.T.)
| | - Margherita Dall’Asta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, della Nutrizione e degli Alimenti (DIANA), Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (M.M.); (M.M.P.); (M.D.); (G.B.); (E.T.)
| | - Giuseppe Bertoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, della Nutrizione e degli Alimenti (DIANA), Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (M.M.); (M.M.P.); (M.D.); (G.B.); (E.T.)
| | - Erminio Trevisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, della Nutrizione e degli Alimenti (DIANA), Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (M.M.); (M.M.P.); (M.D.); (G.B.); (E.T.)
- Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi Research Center for Sustainable Dairy Production of the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (CREI), 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Paolo Ajmone Marsan
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, della Nutrizione e degli Alimenti (DIANA), Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (M.M.); (M.M.P.); (M.D.); (G.B.); (E.T.)
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Kokić B, Rakita S, Vujetić J. Impact of Using Oilseed Industry Byproducts Rich in Linoleic and Alpha-Linolenic Acid in Ruminant Nutrition on Milk Production and Milk Fatty Acid Profile. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:539. [PMID: 38396507 PMCID: PMC10886360 DOI: 10.3390/ani14040539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Milk contains more than 400 different fatty acids, some of which play a positive role in promoting human health. The profile of fatty acids in milk can be enhanced by providing animals with plant-based resources that possess feeding characteristics adequate for favorable changes in the fatty acid composition and increasing healthy fatty acids in milk. This review summarizes the available 41 research studies on the utilization of oilseed industry byproducts rich in linoleic acid (hemp, pumpkin, sunflower) and alpha-linolenic acid (camelina and linseed) in dairy cow, sheep, and goat nutrition; their impact on milk production characteristics; and potential to improve fatty acid composition of milk through the diet. This review illustrates that incorporating byproducts into the diet for dairy ruminants generally does not have any adverse effects on both milk production and composition. A similar trend of improvement in milk fatty acid profile was observed when ruminants were fed diets supplemented with camelina, linseed, and sunflower byproducts, while no significant changes were noted with pumpkin byproducts. Hempseed byproducts showed potential for use as an alternative ingredient in dairy ruminant diets. Nevertheless, more in-depth research investigating the inclusion of selected byproducts is required before valid conclusions can be drawn regarding their value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Kokić
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (S.R.); (J.V.)
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Wu C, Chen H, Mei Y, Yang B, Zhao J, Stanton C, Chen W. Advances in research on microbial conjugated linoleic acid bioconversion. Prog Lipid Res 2024; 93:101257. [PMID: 37898352 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a functional food ingredient with prebiotic properties that provides health benefits for various human pathologies and disorders. However, limited natural CLA sources in animals and plants have led microorganisms like Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium to emerge as new CLA sources. Microbial conversion of linoleic acid to CLA is mediated by linoleic acid isomerase and multicomponent enzymatic systems, with CLA production efficiency dependent on microbial species and strains. Additionally, complex factors like LA concentration, growth status, culture substrates, precursor type, prebiotic additives, and co-cultured microbe identity strongly influence CLA production and isomer composition. This review summarizes advances in the past decade regarding microbial CLA production, including bacteria and fungi. We highlight CLA production and potential regulatory mechanisms and discuss using microorganisms to enhance CLA content and nutritional value of fermented products. We also identify primary microbial CLA production bottlenecks and provide strategies to address these challenges and enhance production through functional gene and enzyme mining and downstream processing. This review aims to provide a reference for microbial CLA production and broaden the understanding of the potential probiotic role of microbial CLA producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Haiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| | - Yongchao Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Catherine Stanton
- International Joint Research Centre for Probiotics & Gut Health, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; International Joint Research Centre for Probiotics & Gut Health, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
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Visser E, Ten Brinke A, Sizoo D, Pepels JJS, Ten Have L, van der Wiel E, van Zutphen T, Kerstjens HAM, de Jong K. Effect of dietary interventions on markers of type 2 inflammation in asthma: A systematic review. Respir Med 2024; 221:107504. [PMID: 38141862 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2023.107504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 2 (T2) inflammation is a key mechanism in the pathophysiology of asthma. Diet may have immunomodulatory effects, and a role for diet in T2 inflammation has been suggested in the literature. Indeed, diet and food allergies play a role in children with atopic asthma, but less is known about diet in relation to adult asthma, which is often non-atopic. OBJECTIVE To review the effect of dietary interventions on markers of T2 inflammation in adults with asthma. METHODS The databases PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL were searched for eligible studies until December 2022. We included studies of all types of foods, nutrients, diets or supplements, either as an exposure or as an intervention, in adults and adolescents with asthma. Outcomes of interest included the T2 biomarkers FeNO, eosinophils, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, eosinophil cationic protein and eosinophil peroxidase. The methodological quality of eligible studies was systematically evaluated, and the results were summarised according to dietary clusters. RESULTS The systematic search identified studies on the dietary clusters antioxidants (n = 14), fatty acids, (n = 14), Mediterranean-style diets (n = 5), phytotherapy (n = 7), prebiotics & probiotics (n = 8), vitamin D (n = 7), and other dietary factors (n = 5). Studies within the phytotherapy and omega-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) clusters showed possible improvements in T2 inflammation. Furthermore, we found little evidence for an effect of antioxidants, prebiotics & probiotics, and Mediterranean-style diets on T2 inflammation. However, heterogeneity in study protocols, methodological shortcomings and limited power of almost all studies make it difficult to fully determine the impact of different dietary approaches on T2 inflammation in asthma. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the current evidence does not support a specific dietary intervention to improve T2 inflammation in asthma. Interventions involving phytotherapy and omega-3 PUFA currently have the best evidence and warrant further evaluation in well-designed and adequately powered studies, while taking into account T2-high phenotypes of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Visser
- Department of Epidemiology, Medical Centre Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands; Department of Sustainable Health, Faculty Campus Fryslân, University of Groningen, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands.
| | - Anneke Ten Brinke
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Medical Centre Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands.
| | - Dionne Sizoo
- Department of Sustainable Health, Faculty Campus Fryslân, University of Groningen, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands; Centre Obesity Northern Netherlands (CON), Department of Surgery, Medical Centre Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands.
| | - Janneke J S Pepels
- Department of Epidemiology, Medical Centre Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands.
| | - Lianne Ten Have
- Department of Epidemiology, Medical Centre Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands.
| | - Erica van der Wiel
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Martini Hospital, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Tim van Zutphen
- Department of Sustainable Health, Faculty Campus Fryslân, University of Groningen, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands.
| | - Huib A M Kerstjens
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Kim de Jong
- Department of Epidemiology, Medical Centre Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands.
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Zarnegar Z, Ebrahimi SH, Rohani A, Jensen SK, Lashkari S, Valizadeh R, Naserian AA. Determining Optimal Nonlinear Regression Models for Studying the Kinetics of Fatty Acid Ruminal Biohydrogenation In Vitro. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:48451-48464. [PMID: 38144137 PMCID: PMC10733918 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
The accurate estimation of in vitro ruminal biohydrogenation (BH) kinetics of fatty acids (FA) allows for a more accurate understanding of their dynamics and develop targeted strategies to enhance desirable FA bypass. This study comprises a comprehensive evaluation of 33 nonlinear regression models to determine the most suitable model for accurately estimating the in vitro BH kinetics of individual FA. The data set utilized in the present research originates from a recent investigation on the effects of micronization and vitamin E on the in vitro ruminal BH of rapeseed. For the nonlinear regression analysis, data comprising FA concentrations (expressed as g FA/100 g FA) at the conclusion of 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h incubation periods were employed. The evaluation of nonlinear regression models focused on identifying the ideal model based on criteria including the highest R2 value, the lowest RMSE value, and statistically significant coefficients. The results pinpoint the Gompertz model as an effective choice for estimating the in vitro ruminal BH kinetics of upward-trending fatty acids, including intermediate unsaturated fatty acids and saturated end FA. Additionally, the first-order kinetic model of Ørskov and McDonald emerges as the preferred model for investigating the BH kinetics of downward-trending fatty acids, including oleic acid, linoleic acid, and alpha-linolenic acid. In summary, this rigorous evaluation led to the identification of the most appropriate model, one that not only exhibited an exceptional fit to the data but also provided profound insights into the intricate relationships between predictors and the dynamic behavior of FA. The established nonlinear regression models will serve as invaluable tools for future research investigating FA biohydrogenation kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Zarnegar
- Department
of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 91775-1163 Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Hadi Ebrahimi
- Department
of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 91775-1163 Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbas Rohani
- Department
of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 9177948974 Mashhad, Iran
| | - Søren Krogh Jensen
- Department
of Animal Science, Aarhus University, AU Foulum, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Saman Lashkari
- Department
of Animal Science, Aarhus University, AU Foulum, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Reza Valizadeh
- Department
of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 91775-1163 Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Naserian
- Department
of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 91775-1163 Mashhad, Iran
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Rodrigues LS, da Silva JAR, Lourenço-Júnior JDB, Maciel e Silva AG, Rodrigues TCGDC, da Silva WC, da Silva TC, de Castro VCG, Alfaia CM, de Almeida AM, Prates JAM. Evaluation of the Composition of the Cholesterol, Tocopherols, β-Carotene and Fatty Acids Profile of the Liver Tissue of Male Water Buffaloes ( Bubalus bubalis) Managed in Different Ecosystems of the Eastern Amazon. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3785. [PMID: 38136822 PMCID: PMC10740842 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The diet offered to animals has a great influence on the composition of tissues and, consequently, the quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of Amazonian ecosystems, in the dry and rainy periods of the year, on the composition of cholesterol, tocopherols, β-carotene and the fatty acid profile of the livers of water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) reared in the Eastern Amazon, in an extensive or intensive system. Total lipid content was influenced by the location and time of year (p < 0.05). Ninety-six male water buffaloes were used (12 per sampling period), aged between 24 and 36 months, with average weights of 432 kg (end of the rainy season) and 409 kg (end of the dry season). Total cholesterol, α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol influenced the relationship between extensive vs intensive ecosystems, location, periods and the interaction between the location and period of the year (p < 0.05). Animals raised in a pasture ecosystem had the highest values of omega-3, and those raised in confinement, the highest values of omega-6 (p < 0.05). The proportions of n-6/n-3 and hypocholesterolemia (7.14) and hypercholesterolemia (3.08%) (h/H) were found in greater amounts in animals raised in confinement (p < 0.05). The atherogenic index (AI) had a higher value in the rainy season, in animals raised in Santarém (2.37%), with no difference between pasture and feedlot ecosystems, except in animals raised in the rainy season in Nova Timboteua, with a lower AI (1.53%). The thrombogenicity index (TI) was higher in the livers of confined animals (0.32%) and lower (0.18%) in those raised in Nova Timboteua (rainy season). Amazonian ecosystems influence the nutritional values of buffalo liver, with the best nutritional values in animals in the extensive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurena Silva Rodrigues
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Castanhal 68746-360, Brazil; (L.S.R.); (J.d.B.L.-J.); (A.G.M.e.S.); (T.C.G.d.C.R.)
| | - Jamile Andrea Rodrigues da Silva
- Institute of Animal Health and Production, Federal Rural University of the Amazônia (UFRA), Belem 66077-830, Brazil; (J.A.R.d.S.); (T.C.d.S.)
| | - José de Brito Lourenço-Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Castanhal 68746-360, Brazil; (L.S.R.); (J.d.B.L.-J.); (A.G.M.e.S.); (T.C.G.d.C.R.)
| | - André Guimarães Maciel e Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Castanhal 68746-360, Brazil; (L.S.R.); (J.d.B.L.-J.); (A.G.M.e.S.); (T.C.G.d.C.R.)
| | - Thomaz Cyro Guimarães de Carvalho Rodrigues
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Castanhal 68746-360, Brazil; (L.S.R.); (J.d.B.L.-J.); (A.G.M.e.S.); (T.C.G.d.C.R.)
| | - Welligton Conceição da Silva
- Institute of Animal Health and Production, Federal Rural University of the Amazônia (UFRA), Belem 66077-830, Brazil; (J.A.R.d.S.); (T.C.d.S.)
| | - Thiago Carvalho da Silva
- Institute of Animal Health and Production, Federal Rural University of the Amazônia (UFRA), Belem 66077-830, Brazil; (J.A.R.d.S.); (T.C.d.S.)
| | - Vinicius Costa Gomes de Castro
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in the Amazon (PPGSPAA), Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Belem 66077-830, Brazil;
| | - Cristina Mateus Alfaia
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.M.A.); (J.A.M.P.)
| | - André Martinho de Almeida
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - José António Mestre Prates
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.M.A.); (J.A.M.P.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4Animals), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
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Vega-Bello MJ, Moreno ML, Estellés-Leal R, Hernández-Andreu JM, Prieto-Ruiz JA. Usnea aurantiaco-atra (Jacq) Bory: Metabolites and Biological Activities. Molecules 2023; 28:7317. [PMID: 37959736 PMCID: PMC10649588 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lichens are complex symbiotic associations between a fungus and an alga or cyanobacterium. Due to their great adaptability to the environment, they have managed to colonize many terrestrial habitats, presenting a worldwide distribution from the poles to the tropical regions and from the plains to the highest mountains. In the flora of the Antarctic region, lichens stand out due to their variety and development and are a potential source of new bioactive compounds. METHODS A phytochemical study of the Antarctic lichen Usnea aurantiaco-atra (Jacq) Bory was conducted with the intention of determining the most important metabolites. In addition, the cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of its extracts were determined. RESULTS Cytotoxicity studies revealed that the hexane extract contains usnic acid as a majority metabolite, in addition to linoleic acid, ergosterols and terpenes, and demonstrates cytotoxic activity against an A375 melanoma cell line. On the other hand, the presence of total phenols in the extracts did not influence their antioxidant activity. CONCLUSIONS U. aurantiaco-atra contains mainly usnic acid, although there are terpenes and ergosta compounds that could be responsible for its cytotoxic activity. The presence of phenols did not confer antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús Vega-Bello
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia “San Vicente Mártir”, C/Quevedo 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (M.J.V.-B.); (R.E.-L.); (J.A.P.-R.)
| | - Mari Luz Moreno
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Catholic University of Valencia “San Vicente Mártir”, C/Quevedo 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Rossana Estellés-Leal
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia “San Vicente Mártir”, C/Quevedo 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (M.J.V.-B.); (R.E.-L.); (J.A.P.-R.)
| | - José Miguel Hernández-Andreu
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia “San Vicente Mártir”, C/Quevedo 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (M.J.V.-B.); (R.E.-L.); (J.A.P.-R.)
- Molecular and Mitochondrial Medicine Research Group, Catholic University of Valencia “San Vicente Mártir”, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jesús A. Prieto-Ruiz
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia “San Vicente Mártir”, C/Quevedo 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (M.J.V.-B.); (R.E.-L.); (J.A.P.-R.)
- Molecular and Mitochondrial Medicine Research Group, Catholic University of Valencia “San Vicente Mártir”, 46001 Valencia, Spain
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8
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Badawy S, Liu Y, Guo M, Liu Z, Xie C, Marawan MA, Ares I, Lopez-Torres B, Martínez M, Maximiliano JE, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Wang X, Anadón A, Martínez MA. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) as a functional food: Is it beneficial or not? Food Res Int 2023; 172:113158. [PMID: 37689911 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has attracted great attention in recent years as a popular class of functional food that is broadly used. It refers to a group of geometric and positional isomers of linoleic acid (LA) with a conjugated double bond. The main natural sources of CLA are dairy products, beef and lamb, whereas only trace amounts occur naturally in plant lipids. CLA has been shown to improve various health issues, having effects on obesity, inflammatory, anti-carcinogenicity, atherogenicity, immunomodulation, and osteosynthesis. Also, compared to studies on humans, many animal researches reveal more positive benefits on health. CLA represents a nutritional avenue to improve lifestyle diseases and metabolic syndrome. Most of these effects are attributed to the two major CLA isomers [conjugated linoleic acid cis-9,trans-11 isomer (c9,t11), and conjugated linoleic acid trans-10,cis-12 isomer (t10,c12)], and their mixture (CLA mix). In contrast, adverse effects of CLA have been also reported, such as glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis and induction of colon carcinogenesis in humans, as well as milk fat inhibition in ruminants, lowering chicken productivity, influencing egg quality and altering growth performance in fish. This review article aims to discuss the health benefits of CLA as a nutraceutical supplement and highlight the possible mechanisms of action that may contribute to its outcome. It also outlines the feasible adverse effects of CLA besides summarizing the recent peer-reviewed publications on CLA to ensure its efficacy and safety for proper application in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Badawy
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Pathology Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt
| | - Yanan Liu
- MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Mingyue Guo
- MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Zhenli Liu
- MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Changqing Xie
- MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Marawan A Marawan
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Infectious Diseases, Animal Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt
| | - Irma Ares
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernardo Lopez-Torres
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge-Enrique Maximiliano
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Rosa Martínez-Larrañaga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - Arturo Anadón
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María-Aránzazu Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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9
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Li Z, Fang Y, Yang J, Chen H, Yang B, Wang Y. A green and efficient two-step enzymatic esterification-hydrolysis method for enrichment of c9,t11-CLA isomer based on a three-liquid-phase system. RSC Adv 2023; 13:26690-26699. [PMID: 37681044 PMCID: PMC10481123 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02054a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel two-step enzymatic esterification-hydrolysis method that generates high-purity conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers was developed. CLA was first partially purified by enzymatic esterification and then further purified by efficient, selective enzymatic hydrolysis in a three-liquid-phase system (TLPS). Compared with traditional two-step selective enzymatic esterification, this novel method produced highly pure cis-9, trans-11 (c9,t11)-CLA (96%) with high conversion (approx. 36%) and avoided complicated rehydrolysis and reesterification steps. The catalytic efficiency and selectivity of CLA ester enzymatic hydrolysis was greatly improved with TLPSs, as high-speed stirring provided a larger interface area for the reaction and product inhibition was effectively reduced by extraction of the product into other phases. Furthermore, the enzyme-enriched phase (liquid immobilization support) was effectively and economically reused more than 8 times because it contained more than 90% of the concentrated enzyme. Therefore, this novel enzymatic esterification-hydrolysis method can be considered ideal to produce high-purity fatty acid monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Li
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Yinglin Fang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Jiawei Yang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Huayong Chen
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Bo Yang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Yonghua Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China
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10
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Remonatto D, Santaella N, Lerin LA, Bassan JC, Cerri MO, de Paula AV. Solvent-Free Enzymatic Synthesis of Dietary Triacylglycerols from Cottonseed Oil in a Fluidized Bed Reactor. Molecules 2023; 28:5384. [PMID: 37513254 PMCID: PMC10384263 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of structured lipids with nutraceutical applications, such as medium-long-medium (MLM) triacylglycerols, via modification of oils and fats represents a challenge for the food industry. This study aimed to synthesize MLM-type dietary triacylglycerols by enzymatic acidolysis of cottonseed oil and capric acid (C10) catalyzed by Lipozyme RM IM (lipase from Rhizomucor miehei) in a fluidized bed reactor (FBR). After chemical characterization of the feedstock and hydrodynamic characterization of the reactor, a 22 central composite rotatable design was used to optimize capric acid incorporation. The independent variables were cycle number (20-70) and cottonseed oil/capric acid molar ratio (1:2-1:4). The temperature was set at 45 °C. The best conditions, namely a 1:4 oil/acid molar ratio and 80 cycles (17.34 h), provided a degree of incorporation of about 40 mol%, as shown by compositional analysis of the modified oil. Lipozyme RM IM showed good operational stability (kd = 2.72 × 10-4 h-1, t1/2 = 2545.78 h), confirming the good reuse capacity of the enzyme in the acidolysis of cottonseed oil with capric acid. It is concluded that an FBR configuration is a promising alternative for the enzymatic synthesis of MLM triacylglycerols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Remonatto
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Núbia Santaella
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Lindomar Alberto Lerin
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara (UNIFE), Via Luigi Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Juliana Cristina Bassan
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil
- State Center for Technological Education Paula Souza, Faculty of Technology of Barretos (FATEC), Barretos 14780-060, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcel Otávio Cerri
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Ariela Veloso de Paula
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil
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11
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Fontes AL, Pimentel LL, Soares AMS, Domingues MDR, Rodríguez-Alcalá LM, Gomes AM. Study of the viability of using lipase-hydrolyzed commercial vegetable oils to produce microbially conjugated linolenic acid-enriched milk. Food Chem 2023; 413:135665. [PMID: 36787664 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
This work studied the viability of using vegetable oils as precursor substrates to develop a dairy product enriched in microbial conjugated linoleic (CLA) and conjugated linolenic (CLNA) acids. Hydrolysis of hempseed, flaxseed (FSO) and soybean (SBO) oils was tested with Candida rugosa (CRL), Pseudomonas fluorescens, or Pancreatic porcine lipases. FSO and SBO, previously hydrolyzed with CRL, were further selected for cow's milk CLA/CLNA-enrichment with Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20091. Thereafter, higher substrate concentrations with hydrolyzed FSO were tested. For all tested oils, CRL revealed the best degrees of hydrolysis (>90 %). Highest microbial CLA/CLNA yield in milk was achieved with hydrolyzed FSO, which led to the appearance of mainly CLNA isomers (0.34 mg/g). At higher substrate concentrations, maximum yield was 0.88 mg/g CLNA. Therefore, it was possible to enrich milk with microbial CLNA using vegetable oil, but not with CLA, nor develop a functional product that can deliver a reliable effective dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luiza Fontes
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde - LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Lígia Leão Pimentel
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana Maria Silva Soares
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria do Rosário Domingues
- Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; CESAM, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Luis Miguel Rodríguez-Alcalá
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana Maria Gomes
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
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12
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Fiorino GM, Tlais AZA, Losito I, Filannino P, Gobbetti M, Di Cagno R. Triacylglycerols hydrolysis and hydroxy- and epoxy-fatty acids release during lactic fermentation of plant matrices: An extensive study showing inter- and intra-species capabilities of lactic acid bacteria. Food Chem 2023; 412:135552. [PMID: 36716627 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to show that lactic fermentation by selected starters can enrich plant matrices with hydroxy- and oxo-fatty acids. The behavior of 31 lactic acid bacteria strains was investigated during the fermentation of Persian walnut, which was selected as a model growth substrate due to its inherent lipids content. The content of the following free fatty acids increased in the majority of the fermented walnut samples: linoleic, α-linolenic, palmitic, and oleic acids. The increase of diacylglycerols and, especially, monoacylglycerols levels in fermented walnuts confirmed that strain-specific bacterial lipolytic activities hydrolyzed triacylglycerols during walnut fermentation. Twelve hydroxylated or epoxidized derivatives arising from oleic, linoleic, and linolenic fatty acids, in five groups of isomeric compounds, were also identified. In addition to the better-known lactobacilli, certain strains of Weissella cibaria, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, and Enterococcus faecalis emerged for their lipolytic activities and ability to release hydroxy- and epoxy-fatty acids during walnut fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ilario Losito
- Department of Chemistry and SMART Inter-department Research Center, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Filannino
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Marco Gobbetti
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Libera Università di Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Raffaella Di Cagno
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Libera Università di Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
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13
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Multiple biological activities and biosynthesis mechanisms of specific conjugated linoleic acid isomers and analytical methods for prospective application. Food Chem 2023; 409:135257. [PMID: 36584529 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a collective term for the octadecadienoic acid isomers containing conjugated double bonds. This article reviewed CLA isomers from biological activities, biosynthesis mechanisms and analytical methods. The biological activities of CLA isomers in anti-obesity, cardiovascular protection, diabetes management and anti-cancer in vitro and in vivo were mainly reviewed. More attention has been paid to the production of the specific CLA isomer due to its biological activity. The biosynthesis methods of CLA isomers, such as dietary modification in ruminants and fermentation by microorganisms & enzymes, were systematically introduced. A rapid, accurate and economic analysis method will promote the research in both biological activities and biosynthesis mechanisms of CLA isomers. The merits of UV spectrometry, GC, HPLC, MS and CE used in the analysis of CLA isomers were also compared in detail. This paper aims to put into perspective the current status and future trends on CLA isomers.
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14
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Linehan K, Ross RP, Stanton C. Bovine Colostrum for Veterinary and Human Health Applications: A Critical Review. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2023; 14:387-410. [PMID: 36972163 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-060721-014650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Bovine colostrum harbors a diverse array of bioactive components suitable for the development of functional foods, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals with veterinary and human health applications. Bovine colostrum has a strong safety profile with applications across all age groups for health promotion and the amelioration of a variety of disease states. Increased worldwide milk production and novel processing technologies have resulted in substantial growth of the market for colostrum-based products. This review provides a synopsis of the bioactive components in bovine colostrum, the processing techniques used to produce high-value colostrum-based products, and recent studies utilizing bovine colostrum for veterinary and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Linehan
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland;
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland;
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- VistaMilk Research Centre, Teagasc Moorepark, County Cork, Ireland
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15
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Balivo A, Sacchi R, Genovese A. The Noble Method in the dairy sector as a sustainable production system to improve the nutritional composition of dairy products: A review. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Balivo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences University of Naples Federico II 80055 Portici (NA) Italy
| | - Raffaele Sacchi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences University of Naples Federico II 80055 Portici (NA) Italy
| | - Alessandro Genovese
- Department of Agricultural Sciences University of Naples Federico II 80055 Portici (NA) Italy
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16
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The enzymatic modification of phospholipids improves their surface-active properties and the formation of nanoemulsions. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2023.102652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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17
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Huang C, Lin Z, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Tang X, Li C, Lin L, Huang W, Ye Y. Structure-guided preparation of fuctional oil rich in 1,3-diacylglycerols and linoleic acid from Camellia oil by combi-lipase. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:108-117. [PMID: 35810339 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diacylglycerol (DAG)-enriched oil has been attracting attention because of its nutritional benefits and biological functions, although the composition of its various free fatty acids (FFAs) and an unclear relationship between substrate and yield make it difficult to be identified and qualified with respect to its production. In the present study, linoleic acid-enriched diacylglycerol (LA-DAG) was synthesized and enriched from Camellia oil by the esterification process using the combi-lipase Lipozyme TL IM/RM IM system. RESULTS The relationship between FFA composition and DAG species productivity was revealed. The results showed that heterogeneous FFA with a major constituent (more than 50%) exhibited higher DAG productivity and inhibited triacylglycerol productivity compared to homogeneous constituents. Joint characterization by high-performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detection, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-heated electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry identified that DAG components contained dilinoleic acid acyl glyceride, linoleyl-oleyl glyceride and dioleic acid acyl glyceride in esterification products. Under the optimum conditions, 60.4% 1,3-DAG and 61.3% LA-DAG in the crude product at 1 h reaction were obtained, and further purified to 81.7% LA-DAG and 94.7% DAG via silica column chromatography. CONCLUSION The present study provides a guideline for the identification of DAG species, as well as a structure-guided preparation method of DAG-enriched oils via the cost-effective combi-lipase. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanqing Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zepeng Lin
- Guangdong Kangxin Detection Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- Guangdong Kangxin Detection Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeyu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyue Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changzhu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wenqian Huang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Ye
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Jiangxi Environmental Engineering Vocational College, Ganzhou, China
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18
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Feeding Corn Silage or Grass Hay as Sole Dietary Forage Sources: Overall Mechanism of Forages Regulating Health-Promoting Fatty Acid Status in Milk of Dairy Cows. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020303. [PMID: 36673395 PMCID: PMC9857621 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Different dietary forage sources regulate health-promoting fatty acids (HPFAs), such as conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), in the milk of lactating cows. However, the overall mechanism of forages regulating lipid metabolism from the gastrointestinal tract to the mammary glands (MGs) is not clear. Three isocaloric diets that contained (1) 46% corn silage (CS), (2) a mixture of 23% corn silage and 14% grass hays (MIX), and (3) 28% grass hays (GH) as the forage sources and six cannulated (rumen, proximal duodenum, and terminal ileum) lactating cows were assigned to a double 3 × 3 Latin square design. Our results show that a higher proportion of grass hay in the diets increased the relative contents of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), CLAs, and n-3 PUFAs. The lower relative content of SCFA in the milk of CS was predominantly due to the reduction in acetate production in the rumen and arteriovenous differences in the MG, indicating that the de novo synthesis pathways were inhibited. The elevated relative contents of total CLA and n-3 PUFA in the milk of GH were attributed to the increases in apparent intestinal digestion and arteriovenous differences in total CLA and n-3 PUFA, together with the higher Δ9-desaturase activity in the MG. In conclusion, this study provides an overall mechanism of dietary forages regulating HPFA status in the milk of dairy cows.
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19
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Teng F, Samuelsson LM, Milan AM, Subbaraj A, Agnew M, Shrestha A, Cameron-Smith D, Day L. Postprandial lipemic response in dairy-avoiding females following an equal volume of sheep milk relative to cow milk: A randomized controlled trial. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1029813. [PMID: 36687710 PMCID: PMC9846784 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1029813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sheep milk (SM) is an alternate dairy source, which despite many similarities, has both compositional and structural differences in lipids compared to cow milk (CM). Studies are yet to examine the apparent digestibility of SM lipids, relative to CM, and the potential impact on the plasma lipidome. Objective To determine the response of the circulatory lipidome to equal volume servings of SM and CM, in females who avoid dairy products. Method In a double-blinded, randomized, cross-over trial, self-described dairy avoiding females (n = 30; 24.4 ± 1.1 years) drank SM or CM (650 mL; 33.4 vs. 21.3 g total lipid content; reconstituted from spray dried milk powders) following an overnight fast. Blood samples were collected at fasting and at regular intervals over 4 h after milk consumption. The plasma lipidome was analyzed by LC-MS and fatty acids were quantified by GC-FID. Results The overall postprandial triglyceride (TG) response was similar between SM and CM. TG concentrations were comparable at fasting for both groups, however they were higher after CM consumption at 30 min (interaction milk × time p = 0.003), well before any postprandial lipemic response. This was despite greater quantities provided by SM. However, there were notable differences in the postprandial fatty acid response, with SM leading to an increase in short- and medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) (C6:0, C8:0, and C10:0) and several long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) (C18:1 t11, c9, t11-CLA, and C20:0; interaction time × milk p < 0.05). This corresponded to a greater postprandial response for medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) C10:0, including TG(10:0/14:0/18:1), TG(16:0/10:0/12:0), and TG(16:0/10:0/14:0) (interaction time × milk p < 0.05). Conclusions Despite a higher fat content, SM ingestion resulted in a greater circulating abundance of MCTs, without increasing total postprandial triglyceride response, when compared to CM. The greater abundance and postprandial appearance of MCTs may provide advantageous metabolic responses in children and adults. Unique identifier and registry U1111-1209-7768; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=375324.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Teng
- AgResearch Ltd., Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - Amber Marie Milan
- AgResearch Ltd., Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand,The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Arvind Subbaraj
- AgResearch Ltd., Lincoln Research Center, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Michael Agnew
- AgResearch Ltd., Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Aahana Shrestha
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand,Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - David Cameron-Smith
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand,AgResearch Ltd., Lincoln Research Center, Lincoln, New Zealand,College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Li Day
- AgResearch Ltd., Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand,*Correspondence: Li Day
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20
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Mills S, Yang B, Smith GJ, Stanton C, Ross RP. Efficacy of Bifidobacterium longum alone or in multi-strain probiotic formulations during early life and beyond. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2186098. [PMID: 36896934 PMCID: PMC10012958 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2186098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The significance of Bifidobacterium to human health can be appreciated from its early colonization of the neonatal gut, where Bifidobacterium longum represents the most abundant species. While its relative abundance declines with age, it is further reduced in several diseases. Research into the beneficial properties of B. longum has unveiled a range of mechanisms, including the production of bioactive molecules, such as short-chain fatty acids, polysaccharides, and serine protease inhibitors. From its intestinal niche, B. longum can have far-reaching effects in the body influencing immune responses in the lungs and even skin, as well as influencing brain activity. In this review, we present the biological and clinical impacts of this species on a range of human conditions beginning in neonatal life and beyond. The available scientific evidence reveals a strong rationale for continued research and further clinical trials that investigate the ability of B. longum to treat or prevent a range of diseases across the human lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Mills
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Food Biosciences Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Co Cork, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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21
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Cheese and Butter as a Source of Health-Promoting Fatty Acids in the Human Diet. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233424. [PMID: 36496944 PMCID: PMC9741069 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The assessment of fatty acid composition, including the content of conjugated linoleic acid cis9trans11 C18:2 (CLA) and trans C18:1 and C18:2 isomers in fat extracted from selected high-fat dairy products commonly available to consumers in retail sale on the Polish market, and a comparison of their indicators as to the quality of lipids was the aim of the study. The experimental materials were hard cheeses, white-mold cheeses, blue-veined cheeses, and butters. The conducted study demonstrated that various contents of groups of fatty acids and the values of lipid quality indices were found in the tested products. Butters turned out to be richer sources of short-chain, branched-chain, and odd-chain fatty acids. The fat extracted from butters and white-mold cheeses had a significantly higher (p < 0.05) content of n-3 fatty acids. Lower values of the n-6/n-3 ratio were determined in the fat extracted from butters and white-mold cheeses. The highest values of the thrombogenicity index (TI) were found in fat extracted from hard cheeses. Significantly lower values (p < 0.05) of the atherogenicity index (AI) and values of the H/H ratio were found in fat from mold cheeses. Fat from butters and white-mold cheeses had a significantly higher (p < 0.05) content of CLA and total content of trans C18:1.
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Creating a Design Framework to Diagnose and Enhance Grassland Health under Pastoral Livestock Production Systems. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233306. [PMID: 36496827 PMCID: PMC9738856 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Grasslands and ecosystem services are under threat due to common practices adopted by modern livestock farming systems. Design theory has been an alternative to promote changes and develop more sustainable strategies that allow pastoral livestock production systems to evolve continually within grasslands by enhancing their health and enabling the continuous delivery of multiple ecosystem services. To create a design framework to design alternative and more sustainable pastoral livestock production systems, a better comprehension of grassland complexity and dynamism for a diagnostic assessment of its health is needed, from which the systems thinking theory could be an important approach. By using systems thinking theory, the key components of grasslands-soil, plant, ruminant-can be reviewed and better understood from a holistic perspective. The description of soil, plant and ruminant individually is already complex itself, so understanding these components, their interactions, their response to grazing management and herbivory and how they contribute to grassland health under different climatic and topographic conditions is paramount to designing more sustainable pastoral livestock production systems. Therefore, by taking a systems thinking approach, we aim to review the literature to better understand the role of soil, plant, and ruminant on grassland health to build a design framework to diagnose and enhance grassland health under pastoral livestock production systems.
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Mao B, Guo W, Huang Z, Tang X, Zhang Q, Yang B, Zhao J, Cui S, Zhang H. Production of conjugated fatty acids in probiotic-fermented walnut milk with the addition of lipase. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Pereira FC, Gregorini P. Applying spatio-chemical analysis to grassland ecosystems for the illustration of chemoscapes and creation of healthscapes. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.927568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Grasslands are heterogeneous landscapes composed of a diversity of herbaceous and shrub vegetation that varies not only taxonomically, but biochemically in terms of primary and secondary compounds. Plant Secondary Compounds (PSC) have specific nutritional, medicinal, and prophylactic properties, to which benefits depend upon dosage, type, arrangements, and concentration that changes between and within plants across time and space. The knowledge of the plant content of PSC and their distribution in grazing environments would therefore contribute to the design and creation of healthier foodscapes for ruminants; in other words, healthscapes. Geographic information systems (GIS) have been used extensively for landscape visualization and assessment, through several spatial analysis techniques applied for the creation of virtual maps to add valuable information to a particular environment. Given the knowledge of plants and their composition, GIS emerges as a readily available and low-cost tool to assess and evaluate the distribution of plants with beneficial PSC in large and heterogeneous foodscapes. We present and propose for the very first time, the application and use of GIS to determine the spatial distribution of PSC rich plants with nutraceutical properties to illustrate, visualize, and generate healthscapes for grazing ruminants. We present healthscape maps created using botanical composition analyses and advanced image classification methods to illustrate the distribution of plants regarding their PSC and nutraceutical properties. Such maps add an extra dimension and perspective to plant chemical composition, enabling graziers to visualize in space and time centers of nutrition and prophylactics or medicines, contributing to advanced grazing management decisions toward more productive, sustainable, and healthy grazing systems. The valuable information behind the mapped PSC advances the understanding of the nutritional ecology of grazing environments and foodscapes, introducing a new dimension to the holistic management of pastoral livestock production systems.
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Handakas E, Xu Y, Segal AB, Huerta MC, Bowman K, Howe LD, Sassi F, Robinson O. Molecular mediators of the association between child obesity and mental health. Front Genet 2022; 13:947591. [PMID: 36118877 PMCID: PMC9473726 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.947591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological mechanisms underlying the association between obesity and depression remain unclear. We investigated the role of metabolites and DNA methylation as mediators of the relationship between childhood obesity and subsequent poor mental health in the English Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Obesity was defined according to United Kingdom Growth charts at age 7 years and mental health through the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ) completed at age 11 years. Metabolites and DNA methylation were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and Illumina array in blood at the age of 7 years. The associations between obesity and SMFQ score, as continuous count data or using cut-offs to define depressive symptoms (SMFQ >7) or depression (SMFQ >11), were tested using adjusted Poisson and logistic regression. Candidate metabolite mediators were identified through metabolome-wide association scans for obesity and SMFQ score, correcting for false-discovery rate. Candidate DNA methylation mediators were identified through testing the association of putative BMI-associated CpG sites with SMFQ scores, correcting for look-up false-discovery rate. Mediation by candidate molecular markers was tested. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were additionally applied to test causal associations of metabolites with depression in independent adult samples. 4,018 and 768 children were included for metabolomics and epigenetics analyses, respectively. Obesity at 7 years was associated with a 14% increase in SMFQ score (95% CI: 1.04, 1.25) and greater odds of depression (OR: 1.46 (95% CI: 0.78, 2.38) at 11 years. Natural indirect effects (mediating pathways) between obesity and depression for tyrosine, leucine and conjugated linoleic acid were 1.06 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.13, proportion mediated (PM): 15%), 1.04 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.10, PM: 9.6%) and 1.06 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.12, PM: 13.9%) respectively. In MR analysis, one unit increase in tyrosine was associated with 0.13 higher log odds of depression (p = 0.1). Methylation at cg17128312, located in the FBXW9 gene, had a natural indirect effect of 1.05 (95% CI: 1.01,1.13, PM: 27%) as a mediator of obesity and SMFQ score. Potential biologically plausible mechanisms involving these identified molecular features include neurotransmitter regulation, inflammation, and gut microbiome modulation. These results require replication in further observational and mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Handakas
- Μedical Research Council Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yiwen Xu
- Centre for Health Economics and Policy Innovation, Department of Economics and Public Policy, Imperial College Business School, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexa Blair Segal
- Centre for Health Economics and Policy Innovation, Department of Economics and Public Policy, Imperial College Business School, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Carmen Huerta
- Centre for Health Economics and Policy Innovation, Department of Economics and Public Policy, Imperial College Business School, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty Bowman
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Laura D. Howe
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Franco Sassi
- Centre for Health Economics and Policy Innovation, Department of Economics and Public Policy, Imperial College Business School, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Robinson
- Μedical Research Council Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Mei Y, Li X, Yang B, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen H, Chen W. Heterologous expression of a novel linoleic acid isomerase BBI, and effect of fusion tags on its performance. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:2053-2060. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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27
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Huang C, Liu Z, Huang W, Li L, Ye Y. Fabrication, characterization, and purification of nutraceutical diacylglycerol components from Camellia oil. J Food Sci 2022; 87:3856-3871. [PMID: 35904270 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Converting triacylgycerols (TAGs) from edible oils and fats into structured diacylglycerols (DAGs) is meaningful for reducing obesity. Camellia oil, rich in linoleic acid, has the potential to form structured linoleic acid-1,3-diacylglycerol (LA-1,3-DAG) nutrients in the industry. In this research, the physicochemical properties of modified Camellia oil (MCO) by enzymatic esterification were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Evaporative Light Scattering Detection (HPLC-ELSD), and Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The relationship between reaction conditions and the DAG compositions is disclosed using multiple factors. It is found that high constituents of DAG increase the melting and crystallization temperature of MCO, lipase Novozym 435 gives the best yield of targeted nutrients (DAG, 1,3-DAG, LA-DAG), and the mixture of lipases, Lipozyme TL IM and Lipozyme RM IM, shows a synergistic effect in the synthetic process of DAG. Subsequently, MCO containing 65.4% DAG, 54.7% LA-DAG, and 47.6% 1,3-DAG content at optimal conditions (2% enzyme dosage, 4 h reaction time, 2.4:1 substrate molar ratio, 25.8% t-butanol as solvent, 60°C temperature) has been obtained and purified using silica column to obtain the final DAG oil containing 96.1% DAG, 64.7% 1,3-DAG, and 78.4% LA-DAG. High constituents of structured DAG oil rich in LA-1,3-DAG can be obtained by enzymatic esterification for industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanqing Huang
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeyu Liu
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenqian Huang
- Sericulture & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Li
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Ye
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Forestry Department, Jiangxi Environmental Engineering Vocational College, Ganzhou, China
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HPLC-MS, GC and NMR Profiling of Bioactive Lipids of Human Milk and Milk of Dairy Animals (Cow, Sheep, Goat, Buffalo, Camel, Red Deer). SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9060145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
For non-bovine milks, information regarding bioactive lipids is fragmented, unreliable or unavailable. The purpose of the current study was to analyse bioactive lipids in the milk of dairy animals using modern analytical methods to achieve the most reliable results. Bioactive lipids in human milk were also analysed and used as a reference. A suite of modern analytical methods was employed, namely High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS), Gas Chromatography (GC) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The total lipid content was determined, and phospholipid, fatty acid, neutral glycosphingolipids and ganglioside (GM3 and GD3) levels were measured. Lipid classes in selected milks were reliably characterised for the first time, including gangliosides in deer, camel and sheep; cerebrosides in deer, camel and buffalo; plasmalogens in deer, buffalo and goat and phospholipids in deer. Our study demonstrated the advantage of utilising a range of analytical techniques in order to characterise a diverse set of bioactive lipids.
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29
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Ko T, Murakami H, Kamikouchi A, Ishimoto H. Biogenic action of Lactobacillus plantarum SBT2227 promotes sleep in Drosophila melanogaster. iScience 2022; 25:104626. [PMID: 35811846 PMCID: PMC9257349 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) influence multiple aspects of host brain function via the production of active metabolites in the gut, which is known as the pre/probiotic action. However, little is known about the biogenic effects of LAB on host brain function. Here, we reported that the Lactobacillus plantarum SBT2227 promoted sleep in Drosophila melanogaster. Administration of SBT2227 primarily increased the amount of sleep and decreased sleep latency at the beginning of night-time. The sleep-promoting effects of SBT2227 were independent of the existing gut flora. Furthermore, heat treatment or mechanical crushing of SBT2227 did not suppress the sleep-promoting effects, indicative of biogenic action. Transcriptome analysis and RNAi mini-screening for gut-derived peptide hormones revealed the requirement of neuropeptide F, a homolog of the mammalian neuropeptide Y, for the action of SBT2227. These biogenic effects of SBT2227 on the host sleep provide new insights into the interaction between the brain and gut bacteria. Lactobacillus plantarum SBT2227 promotes sleep at the onset of nighttime Existing intestinal microbes do not affect the SBT2227 sleep effect Heat-stable intracellular/intramembrane components are candidates for active substances Neuropeptide F is required for the sleep-promoting effect of SBT2227
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30
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Netto A, Gama M, Guido S, Bessa R, Inácio J, Monteiro C, Melo G, Ribeiro E, Ferreira M. Replacing Corn With Full-fat Corn Germ in a Basal Diet Containing Cactus (Opuntia strica) Cladodes and Sugarcane as Forage Sources Induces Milk Fat Depression Associated With the trans-10 Shift in Dairy Cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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31
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González-González F, Delgado S, Ruiz L, Margolles A, Ruas-Madiedo P. Functional bacterial cultures for dairy applications: towards improving safety, quality, nutritional and health benefit aspects. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:212-229. [PMID: 35238463 PMCID: PMC9539899 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, fermentation was used to preserve the shelf life of food. Currently, in addition to favouring food preservation, well standardized and controlled industrial processes are also aimed at improving the functional characteristics of the final product. In this regard, starter cultures have become an essential cornerstone of food production. The selection of robust microorganisms, well adapted to the food environment, has been followed by the development of microbial consortia that provide some functional characteristics, beyond their acidifying capacity, achieving safer, high‐quality foods with improved nutritional and health‐promoting properties. In addition to starters, adjunct cultures and probiotics, which normally do not have a relevant role in fermentation, are added to the food in order to provide some beneficial characteristics. This review focuses on highlighting the functional characteristics of food starters, as well as adjunct and probiotic cultures (mainly lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria), with a specific focus on the synthesis of metabolites for preservation and safety aspects (e.g. bacteriocins), organoleptic properties (e.g. exopolysaccharides), nutritional (e.g. vitamins) and health improvement (e.g. neuroactive molecules). Literature reporting the application of these functional cultures in the manufacture of foods, mainly those related to dairy production, such as cheeses and fermented milks, has also been updated.
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Affiliation(s)
- F González-González
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain.,Group Functionality and Ecology of Beneficial Microbes, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - S Delgado
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain.,Group Functionality and Ecology of Beneficial Microbes, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - L Ruiz
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain.,Group Functionality and Ecology of Beneficial Microbes, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - A Margolles
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain.,Group Functionality and Ecology of Beneficial Microbes, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - P Ruas-Madiedo
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain.,Group Functionality and Ecology of Beneficial Microbes, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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32
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Davis H, Magistrali A, Butler G, Stergiadis S. Nutritional Benefits from Fatty Acids in Organic and Grass-Fed Beef. Foods 2022; 11:foods11050646. [PMID: 35267281 PMCID: PMC8909876 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Livestock production is under increasing scrutiny as a component of the food supply chain with a large impact on greenhouse gas emissions. Amidst growing calls to reduce industrial ruminant production, there is room to consider differences in meat quality and nutritional benefits of organic and/or pasture-based management systems. Access to forage, whether fresh or conserved, is a key influencing factor for meat fatty acid profile, and there is increasing evidence that pasture access is particularly beneficial for meat’s nutritional quality. These composition differences ultimately impact nutrient supply to consumers of conventional, organic and grass-fed meat. For this review, predicted fatty acid supply from three consumption scenarios were modelled: i. average UK population National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) (<128 g/week) red meat consumption, ii. red meat consumption suggested by the UK National Health Service (NHS) (<490 g/week) and iii. red meat consumption suggested by the Eat Lancet Report (<98 g/week). The results indicate average consumers would receive more of the beneficial fatty acids for human health (especially the essential omega-3, alpha-linolenic acid) from pasture-fed beef, produced either organically or conventionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Davis
- School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (A.M.); (G.B.)
- Correspondence: (H.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Amelia Magistrali
- School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (A.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Gillian Butler
- School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (A.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Sokratis Stergiadis
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6EU, UK
- Correspondence: (H.D.); (S.S.)
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33
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Research progress on conjugated linoleic acid bio-conversion in Bifidobacterium. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 369:109593. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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34
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Baruah R, Ray M, Halami PM. Preventive and Therapeutic aspects of Fermented Foods. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132:3476-3489. [PMID: 35000256 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent times, the status of some fermented foods which are considered as functional foods that confer health benefits in certain disease conditions has grown rapidly. The health benefits of fermented foods are due to the presence of probiotic microbes and the bioactive compound formed during fermentation. Microbes involved and metabolites produced by them are highly species-specific and contribute to the authenticity of the fermented foods. Several studies pertaining to the effect of fermented foods on various disease conditions have been conducted in recent years using both animal models and clinical trials on humans. This review focuses on the impact of fermented foods on conditions like diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), obesity, gastrointestinal disorder, cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rwivoo Baruah
- Microbiology & Fermentation Technology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570020, India
| | - Mousumi Ray
- Microbiology & Fermentation Technology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570020, India
| | - Prakash M Halami
- Microbiology & Fermentation Technology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570020, India
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35
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Wang T, Li N, Luo S, Wang L, Jiang L, Han C, Yu D. Catalyst activation by cold plasma technology and its effect on isomerization of safflower seed oil. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2022.102942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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36
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Mei Y, Chen H, Yang B, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W. Linoleic Acid Triggered a Metabolomic Stress Condition in Three Species of Bifidobacteria Characterized by Different Conjugated Linoleic Acid-Producing Abilities. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:11311-11321. [PMID: 34523917 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Abundant conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) producers exist among Bifidobacterium species. This CLA production is related to the mitigation of LA toxicity. However, there is still a lack of information on the metabolic response underlying this detoxification strategy. In this study, six bifidobacteria strains belonging to three different species were used to characterize growth and CLA accumulation in the presence of LA. A combination of non-targeted metabolomics techniques and biochemical indicators were used to explore metabolic profile changes in response to LA and the expression of important factors driving CLA production in Bifidobacterium species. The results suggested that free LA had growth inhibitory effects on bifidobacteria, resulting in a global metabolic stress response that caused metabolic reprogramming on all tested strains and promoted malondialdehyde production, inducing a redox imbalance. In particular, a strong decrease in reduced glutathione level was observed in Bifidobacterium breve CCFM683 [log2(FC) = -3.29]. Furthermore, LA-induced oxidative stress is an important factor driving high CLA production in certain strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Haiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
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37
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Punicic Acid Triggers Ferroptotic Cell Death in Carcinoma Cells. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082751. [PMID: 34444911 PMCID: PMC8399984 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived conjugated linolenic acids (CLnA) have been widely studied for their preventive and therapeutic properties against diverse diseases such as cancer. In particular, punicic acid (PunA), a conjugated linolenic acid isomer (C18:3 c9t11c13) present at up to 83% in pomegranate seed oil, has been shown to exert anti-cancer effects, although the mechanism behind its cytotoxicity remains unclear. Ferroptosis, a cell death triggered by an overwhelming accumulation of lipid peroxides, has recently arisen as a potential mechanism underlying CLnA cytotoxicity. In the present study, we show that PunA is highly cytotoxic to HCT-116 colorectal and FaDu hypopharyngeal carcinoma cells grown either in monolayers or as three-dimensional spheroids. Moreover, our data indicate that PunA triggers ferroptosis in carcinoma cells. It induces significant lipid peroxidation and its effects are prevented by the addition of ferroptosis inhibitors. A combination with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a known polyunsaturated fatty acid with anticancer properties, synergistically increases PunA cytotoxicity. Our findings highlight the potential of using PunA as a ferroptosis-sensitizing phytochemical for the prevention and treatment of cancer.
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Chang L, Lu H, Chen H, Tang X, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen YQ, Chen W. Lipid metabolism research in oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina: Current progress and future prospects. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 54:107794. [PMID: 34245810 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina has distinct advantages in long-chain PUFAs production, and it is the only source for dietary arachidonic acid (ARA) certificated by FDA and European Commission. This review provides an overall introduction to M. alpina, including its major research methods, key factors governing lipid biosynthesis, metabolic engineering and omics studies. Currently, the research interests in M. alpina focus on improving lipid yield and fatty acid desaturation degree by enhancing fatty acid precursors and the reducing power NADPH, and genetic manipulation on PUFAs synthetic pathways is carried to optimise fatty acid composition. Besides, multi-omics studies have been applied to elucidate the global regulatory mechanism of lipogenesis in M. alpina. However, research challenges towards achieving a lipid cell factory lie in strain breeding and cost control due to the coenocytic mycelium, long fermentation period and insufficient conversion rate from carbon to lipid. We also proposed future research goals based on a multilevel regulating strategy: obtaining ideal chassis by directional evolution and high-throughput screening; rewiring central carbon metabolism and inhibiting competitive pathways by multi-gene manipulation system to enhance carbon to lipid conversion rate; optimisation of protein function based on post-translational modification; application of dynamic fermentation strategies suitable for different fermentation phases. By reviewing the comprehensive research progress of this oleaginous fungus, we aim to further comprehend the fungal lipid metabolism and provide reference information and guidelines for the exploration of microbial oils from the perspectives of fundamental research to industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| | - Hengqian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| | - Haiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| | - Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| | - Yong Q Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center, Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
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Zhang H, Xu M, Shi X, Liu Y, Li Z, Jagodinsky JC, Ma M, Welham NV, Morris ZS, Li L. Quantification and molecular imaging of fatty acid isomers from complex biological samples by mass spectrometry. Chem Sci 2021; 12:8115-8122. [PMID: 34194701 PMCID: PMC8208125 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01614h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the isomeric structure of free fatty acids (FAs) in biological samples is essential to comprehend their biological functions in various physiological and pathological processes. Herein, we report a novel approach of using peracetic acid (PAA) induced epoxidation coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) for localization of the C[double bond, length as m-dash]C bond in unsaturated FAs, which enables both quantification and spatial visualization of FA isomers from biological samples. Abundant diagnostic fragment ions indicative of the C[double bond, length as m-dash]C positions were produced upon fragmentation of the FA epoxides derived from either in-solution or on-tissue PAA epoxidation of free FAs. The performance of the proposed approach was evaluated by analysis of FAs in human cell lines as well as mapping the FA isomers from cancer tissue samples with MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS. Merits of the newly developed method include high sensitivity, simplicity, high reaction efficiency, and capability of spatial characterization of FA isomers in tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53705 USA
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Xudong Shi
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53792 USA
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53705 USA
| | - Zihui Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Justin C Jagodinsky
- Department of Human Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53705 USA
| | - Min Ma
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53705 USA
| | - Nathan V Welham
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53792 USA
| | - Zachary S Morris
- Department of Human Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53705 USA
| | - Lingjun Li
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53705 USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53706 USA
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Li C, Yang MC, Hong PP, Zhao XF, Wang JX. Metabolomic Profiles in the Intestine of Shrimp Infected by White Spot Syndrome Virus and Antiviral Function of the Metabolite Linoleic Acid in Shrimp. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:2075-2087. [PMID: 33863791 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a threatening pathogenic virus in shrimp culture, and at present, no effective strategy can prevent and control the disease. Intestinal flora and its metabolites are important for the resistance of shrimp to lethal pathogenic viruses. However, the changes of metabolites in the shrimp intestines after WSSV infection remain unclear. We established an artificial oral infection method to infect shrimp with WSSV and analyzed the metabolites in intestinal content of shrimp by HPLC and tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 78 different metabolites and five different metabolic pathways were identified. Among them, we found that the content of linoleic acid, an unsaturated fatty acid, increased significantly after WSSV infection, indicating that linoleic acid might be involved in antiviral immunity in shrimp. Further study showed that, after oral administration of linoleic acid, WSSV proliferation decreased evidently in the shrimp, and survival rate of the shrimp increased significantly. Mechanical analysis showed that linoleic acid directly bound to WSSV virions and inhibited the viral replication. Linoleic acid also promoted the expression of antimicrobial peptides and IFN-like gene Vago5 by activating the ERK-NF-κB signaling pathway. Our results indicated that WSSV infection caused metabolomic transformation of intestinal microbiota and that the metabolite linoleic acid participated in the immune response against WSSV in shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; and
| | - Ming-Chong Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; and
| | - Pan-Pan Hong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; and
| | - Xiao-Fan Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; and
| | - Jin-Xing Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; and .,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Mollica MP, Trinchese G, Cimmino F, Penna E, Cavaliere G, Tudisco R, Musco N, Manca C, Catapano A, Monda M, Bergamo P, Banni S, Infascelli F, Lombardi P, Crispino M. Milk Fatty Acid Profiles in Different Animal Species: Focus on the Potential Effect of Selected PUFAs on Metabolism and Brain Functions. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041111. [PMID: 33800688 PMCID: PMC8066999 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk contains several important nutrients that are beneficial for human health. This review considers the nutritional qualities of essential fatty acids (FAs), especially omega-3 (ω-3) and omega-6 (ω-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) present in milk from ruminant and non-ruminant species. In particular, the impact of milk fatty acids on metabolism is discussed, including its effects on the central nervous system. In addition, we presented data indicating how animal feeding—the main way to modify milk fat composition—may have a potential impact on human health, and how rearing and feeding systems strongly affect milk quality within the same animal species. Finally, we have presented the results of in vivo studies aimed at supporting the beneficial effects of milk FA intake in animal models, and the factors limiting their transferability to humans were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P. Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.P.M.); (G.T.); (F.C.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
- BAT Center—Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Trinchese
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.P.M.); (G.T.); (F.C.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
- BAT Center—Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiano Cimmino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.P.M.); (G.T.); (F.C.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Eduardo Penna
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.P.M.); (G.T.); (F.C.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.P.M.); (G.T.); (F.C.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Raffaella Tudisco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy; (R.T.); (N.M.); (F.I.); (P.L.)
| | - Nadia Musco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy; (R.T.); (N.M.); (F.I.); (P.L.)
| | - Claudia Manca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (C.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Angela Catapano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.P.M.); (G.T.); (F.C.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Paolo Bergamo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, 83100 Avellino, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-08-2529-9506
| | - Sebastiano Banni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (C.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Federico Infascelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy; (R.T.); (N.M.); (F.I.); (P.L.)
| | - Pietro Lombardi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy; (R.T.); (N.M.); (F.I.); (P.L.)
| | - Marianna Crispino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.P.M.); (G.T.); (F.C.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
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Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) are distinctive polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are present in food produced by ruminant animals and they are accumulated in seeds of certain plants. These naturally occurring substances have demonstrated to have anti-carcinogenic activity. Their potential effect to inhibit cancer has been shown in vivo and in vitro studies. In this review, we present the multiple effects of CLA isomers on cancer development such as anti-tumor efficiency, anti-mutagenic and anti-oxidant activity. Although the majority of the studies in vivo and in vitro summarized in this review have demonstrated beneficial effects of CLA on the proliferation and apoptosis of tumor cells, further experimental work is needed to estimate the true value of CLA as a real anti-cancer agent.
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Abstract
The inverse association between the groups of odd-chain (OCFA) and branched-chain (BCFA) and the development of diseases in humans have generated interest in the scientific community. In experiment 1, the extent of the passage of odd- and branched-chain fatty acids (OBCFA) from milk fat to fresh cheese fat was studied in sheep and goats. Milk collected in two milk processing plants in west Sardinia (Italy) was sampled every 2 weeks during spring (March, April and May). In addition, a survey was carried out to evaluate the seasonal variation of the OBCFA concentrations in sheep and goats’ cheeses during all lactation period from January to June. Furthermore, to assess the main differences among the sheep and goat cheese, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to cheese fatty acids (FA) profile. Concentrations of OBCFA in fresh cheese fat of both species were strongly related to the FA content in the unprocessed raw milk. The average contents of OBCFA were 4.12 and 4.13 mg/100 mg of FA in sheep milk and cheese, respectively, and 3.12 and 3.17 mg/100 mg of FA in goat milk and cheese, respectively. The OBCFA concentration did no differed between milk and cheese in any species. The content of OBCFA was significantly higher in sheep than goats’ dairy products. The OBCFA composition of the cheese was markedly affected by the period of sampling in both species: odd and branched FA concentrations increased from March to June. The seasonal changes of OBCFA in dairy products were likely connected to variations in the quality of the diet. The PCA confirmed the higher nutritional quality of sheep cheese for beneficial FA, including OBCFA compared to the goat one, and the importance of the period of sampling in the definition of the fatty acids profile.
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Lee SY, Park YM, Yoo HJ, Suh DI, Shin YH, Kim KW, Ahn K, Hong SJ. Gut linoleic acid is associated with the severity of atopic dermatitis and sensitization to egg white/milk in infants. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2021; 32:382-385. [PMID: 33044002 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- So-Yeon Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma and Atopy Center, Environmental Health Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Mee Park
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Yoo
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong In Suh
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youn Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Won Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kangmo Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Jong Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma and Atopy Center, Environmental Health Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Samková E, Kalač P. Rapeseed supplements affect propitiously fatty acid composition of cow milk fat: A meta-analysis. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Cheese fortification through the incorporation of UFA-rich sources: A review of recent (2010-2020) evidence. Heliyon 2021; 7:e05785. [PMID: 33553712 PMCID: PMC7851337 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cheese is a widely consumed dairy product with high saturated fatty acids (SFA) content, and with other high nutritional quality components. Due to the link of SFA and different diseases, many studies have replaced the cheese fat content with unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) rich sources to improve its nutritional quality. The fat replacement has physicochemical, textural, and sensory effects on dairy matrix. To the food science is mandatory to know which technological strategies of milk processing improve the quality of the end products. The most relevant results reveal that fish oil (FO) and flaxseed oil (FSO) have been the most researched UFA-rich sources, microencapsulation has been the most studied incorporation technology because it allows the oil entrapment with minimal effects on the cheese quality, and non-thermal technologies allow greater UFA fortification in cheese, improving its nutritional quality. Finally, the development of fortified cheeses with UFA-rich sources has been found as an innovative strategy to obtain high quality products with functional potential.
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Jiménez-Penago G, Hernández-Mendo O, González-Garduño R, Torres-Hernández G, Granados-Rivera LD. Immune and parasitic response to conjugated linoleic acid in the diet of pelibuey sheep infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1988875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Omar Hernández-Mendo
- Programa de Ganadería, Colegio de Postgraduados, Montecillo, Estado de México México
| | | | | | - Lorenzo Danilo Granados-Rivera
- Campo Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, General Terán, Nuevo León, México
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Özer CO, Kılıç B. Optimization of pH, time, temperature, variety and concentration of the added fatty acid and the initial count of added lactic acid Bacteria strains to improve microbial conjugated linoleic acid production in fermented ground beef. Meat Sci 2021; 171:108303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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PENA-SERNA C, RESTREPO-BETANCUR LF. Chemical, physicochemical, microbiological and sensory characterization of cow and buffalo ghee. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.32219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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50
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Radzik-Rant A, Rant W, Sosnowiec G, Świątek M, Niżnikowski R, Szymańska Ż. The effect of genotype and muscle type on the physico-chemical characteristics and taurine, carnosine and L-carnitine concentration in lamb meat. Arch Anim Breed 2020; 63:423-430. [PMID: 33473367 PMCID: PMC7810226 DOI: 10.5194/aab-63-423-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to determine the chosen bioactive components and physico-chemical characteristics of lamb meat of different animal
genotypes and the muscle types. The 22 ram lambs of Polish Merino (PM) and
22 crossbreeds of Polish Merino × Berrichone du Cher (PMB) were fattened to
achieve their slaughter weight of 40 kg. After slaughter, the carcasses were
kept at 4 ∘C for 24 h. Then, the samples of longissimus lumborum (LL) and gluteus medius (GM)
muscle were collected to analyse the physico-chemical traits; fatty acid
profile; and concentrations of taurine, carnosine, L-carnitine. The GM muscle
compared to LL had the higher value (P < 0.05) of L* and a lower value
(P < 0.05) of b* and H* both in PM and PMB lambs. The value of
expressed juice was lower (P < 0.05) in both LL and GM muscles of PM
lambs. A higher amount (P < 0.05) of collagen was found in LL
muscle compared to GM both in PM and PMB lambs. The GM muscle of PM lambs
showed higher (P < 0.05) conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content, as well as higher total polyunsaturated acids (PUFAs),
PUFA n-6, and PUFA n-3 (P < 0.05). The GM muscle was characterized by
a higher (P < 0.05) content of taurine, while in the LL muscle there was a
higher amount (P < 0.05) of carnosine. A larger amount (P < 0.05) of L-carnitine was found in GM muscle but only within PMB lambs. The
obtained results showed a greater impact of the lamb's genotype on the
physical characteristics of meat than on its chemical composition and the
content of bioactive components. The muscle type had an effect on meat
colour; collagen content; fatty acid profile; and amount of taurine,
carnosine, and L-carnitine present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia Radzik-Rant
- Department of Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Ciszewskiego St. 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Witold Rant
- Department of Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Ciszewskiego St. 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gabriela Sosnowiec
- Department of Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Ciszewskiego St. 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Świątek
- Department of Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Ciszewskiego St. 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Roman Niżnikowski
- Department of Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Ciszewskiego St. 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Żaneta Szymańska
- Department of Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Ciszewskiego St. 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
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