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Luo Z, Li Y, Pei X, Woon KS, Liu M, Lin X, Hu Z, Li Y, Zhang Z. A potential slow-release fertilizer based on biogas residue biochar: Nutrient release patterns and synergistic mechanism for improving soil fertility. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:119076. [PMID: 38710430 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The large yield of anaerobic digestates and the suboptimal efficacy of nutrient slow-release severely limit its practical application. To address these issues, a new biochar based fertilizer (MAP@BRC) was developed using biogas residue biochar (BRC) to recover nitrogen and phosphorus from biogas slurry. The nutrient release patterns of MAP@BRC and mechanisms for enhancing soil fertility were studied, and it demonstrated excellent performance, with 59% total nitrogen and 50% total phosphorus nutrient release rates within 28 days. This was attributed to the coupling of the mechanism involving the dissolution of struvite skeletons and the release of biochar pores. Pot experiments showed that crop yield and water productivity were doubled in the MAP@BRC group compared with unfertilized planting. The application of MAP@BRC also improved soil nutrient levels, reduced soil acidification, increased microbial populations, and decreased soil heavy metal pollution risk. The key factors that contributed to the improvement in soil fertility by MAP@BRC were an increase in available nitrogen and the optimization of pH levels in the soil. Overall, MAP@BRC is a safe, slow-release fertilizer that exhibits biochar-fertilizer interactions and synergistic effects. This slow-release fertilizer was prepared by treating a phosphorus-rich biogas slurry with a nitrogen-rich biogas slurry, and it simultaneously addresses problems associated with livestock waste treatment and provides a promising strategy to promote zero-waste agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifeng Luo
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environmental Research & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Yunliang Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environmental Research & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Wens Foodstuff Group Co., Ltd., Yunfu, 527400, China
| | - Xu Pei
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environmental Research & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Wens Foodstuff Group Co., Ltd., Yunfu, 527400, China
| | - Kok Sin Woon
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mengxue Liu
- Wens Foodstuff Group Co., Ltd., Yunfu, 527400, China
| | - Xueming Lin
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environmental Research & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zheng Hu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environmental Research & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yongtao Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environmental Research & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Wens Foodstuff Group Co., Ltd., Yunfu, 527400, China.
| | - Zhen Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environmental Research & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Wens Foodstuff Group Co., Ltd., Yunfu, 527400, China.
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2
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Reza A, Chen L, Mao X. Response surface methodology for process optimization in livestock wastewater treatment: A review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30326. [PMID: 38726140 PMCID: PMC11078649 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
With increasing demand for meat and dairy products, the volume of wastewater generated from the livestock industry has become a significant environmental concern. The treatment of livestock wastewater (LWW) is a challenging process that involves removing nutrients, organic matter, pathogens, and other pollutants from livestock manure and urine. In response to this challenge, researchers have developed and investigated different biological, physical, and chemical treatment technologies that perform better upon optimization. Optimization of LWW handling processes can help improve the efficacy and sustainability of treatment systems as well as minimize environmental impacts and associated costs. Response surface methodology (RSM) as an optimization approach can effectively optimize operational parameters that affect process performance. This review article summarizes the main steps of RSM, recent applications of RSM in LWW treatment, highlights the advantages and limitations of this technique, and provides recommendations for future research and practice, including its cost-effectiveness, accuracy, and ability to improve treatment efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Reza
- Department of Soil and Water Systems, Twin Falls Research and Extension Center, University of Idaho, 315 Falls Avenue, Twin Falls, ID, 83303-1827, USA
- New York State Center for Clean Water Technology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 11794-5000, USA
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5000, USA
| | - Lide Chen
- Department of Soil and Water Systems, Twin Falls Research and Extension Center, University of Idaho, 315 Falls Avenue, Twin Falls, ID, 83303-1827, USA
| | - Xinwei Mao
- New York State Center for Clean Water Technology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 11794-5000, USA
- Department of Civil Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-4424, USA
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3
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Guan Q, Li Y, Zhong Y, Liu W, Zhang J, Yu X, Ou R, Zeng G. A review of struvite crystallization for nutrient source recovery from wastewater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 344:118383. [PMID: 37348306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient recovery from wastewater not only reduces the nutrient load on water resources but also alleviates the environmental problems in aquatic ecosystems, which is a solution to achieve a sustainable society. Besides, struvite crystallization technology is considered a potential nutrient recovery technology because the precipitate obtained can be reused as a slow-release fertilizer. This review presents the basic properties of struvite and the theory of the basic crystallization process. In addition, the possible influencing variables of the struvite crystallization process on the recovery efficiency and product purity are also examined in detail. Then, the advanced auxiliary technologies for facilitating the struvite crystallization process are systematically discussed. Moreover, the economic and environmental benefits of the struvite crystallization process for nutrient recovery are introduced. Finally, the shortcomings and inadequacies of struvite crystallization technology are presented, and future research prospects are provided. This work serves as the foundation for the future use of struvite crystallization technology to recover nutrients in response to the increasingly serious environmental problems and resource depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Guan
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Yingpeng Li
- Haixi (Fujian) Institute, China Academy of Machinery Science and Technology Group, Sanming, 365500, PR China
| | - Yun Zhong
- Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Jiajie Zhang
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Xin Yu
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Ranwen Ou
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China.
| | - Guisheng Zeng
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, PR China.
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4
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Chen S, Habib Z, Wang Z, Zhao P, Song W, Wang X. Integrating anaerobic acidification with two-stage forward osmosis concentration for simultaneously recovering organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus from municipal wastewater. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 245:120595. [PMID: 37708772 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
In order to meet the demand of municipal wastewater for low-carbon treatment and resource recovery, a novel process of anaerobic acidification membrane bioreactor (AAMBR) assisted with a two-stage forward osmosis (FO) (FO-AAMBR-FO) was developed for simultaneously recovering organic matter and nutrients from municipal wastewater. The results indicated that the first FO process concentrated the municipal wastewater to one tenth of the initial volume. The corresponding chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) and total phosphorus (TP) concentration reached up to 2800, 200 and 33 mg/L, respectively. Subsequently, the AAMBR was operated at pH value of 10 for treating the concentration of municipal wastewater, in which the organic matter was successfully converted to acetic acid and propionic acid with a total volatile fatty acids (VFAs) concentration of 1787 mg COD/L and a VFAs production efficiency of 62.36 % during 47 days of stable operation. After that, the NH4+-N and TP concentration in the effluent of the AAMBR were further concentrated to 175 and 36.7 mg/L, respectively, by the second FO process. The struvite was successfully recovered with NH4+-N and TP recovery rate of 94.53 % and 98.59 %, respectively. Correspondingly, the VFAs, NH4+-N and TP concentrations in the residual solution were 2905 mg COD/L, 11.8 and 7.92 mg/L, respectively, which could be used as the raw material for the synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA). Results reported here demonstrated that the FO-AAMBR-FO is a promising wastewater treatment technology for simultaneous recovery of organic matter (in form of VFAs) and nutrients (in form of struvite).
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zunaira Habib
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; Department of Chemistry, Rawalpindi Women University, 6th Road Satellite Town, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Pin Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Weilong Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xinhua Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
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5
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Bhattacharya A, Garg S, Chatterjee P. Examining current trends and future outlook of bio-electrochemical systems (BES) for nutrient conversion and recovery: an overview. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:86699-86740. [PMID: 37438499 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28500-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient-rich waste streams from domestic and industrial sources and the increasing application of synthetic fertilizers have resulted in a huge-scale influx of reactive nitrogen and phosphorus in the environment. The higher concentrations of these pollutants induce eutrophication and foster degradation of aquatic biodiversity. Besides, phosphorus being non-renewable resource is under the risk of rapid depletion. Hence, recovery and reuse of the phosphorus and nitrogen are necessary. Over the years, nutrient recovery, low-carbon energy, and sustainable bioremediation of wastewater have received significant interest. The conventional wastewater treatment technologies have higher energy demand and nutrient removal entails a major cost in the treatment process. For these issues, bio-electrochemical system (BES) has been considered as sustainable and environment friendly wastewater treatment technologies that utilize the energy contained in the wastewater so as to recovery nutrients and purify wastewater. Therefore, this article comprehensively focuses and critically analyzes the potential sources of nutrients, working mechanism of BES, and different nutrient recovery strategies to unlock the upscaling opportunities. Also, economic analysis was done to understand the technical feasibility and potential market value of recovered nutrients. Hence, this review article will be useful in establishing waste management policies and framework along with development of advanced configurations with major emphasis on nutrient recovery rather than removal from the waste stream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushman Bhattacharya
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India, 502285
| | - Shashank Garg
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India, 502285
| | - Pritha Chatterjee
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India, 502285.
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Wang L, Ye C, Gao B, Wang X, Li Y, Ding K, Li H, Ren K, Chen S, Wang W, Ye X. Applying struvite as a N-fertilizer to mitigate N 2O emissions in agriculture: Feasibility and mechanism. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 330:117143. [PMID: 36584470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an effective ozone-depleting substance and an important greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. Fertilization is a major factor that dictates agricultural N2O emissions. In this work, as opposed to the commonly-seen highly-soluble nitrogen (N) fertilizers, the feasibility of using struvite as a slow-releasing N-fertilizer and its mechanism for mitigating N2O emissions were investigated. During the 149-d field cultivation of water spinach (Ipomoea Aquatica Forsk), struvite exhibited comparable crop yields, with a 40.8-58.1% N2O reduction compared with commercial fertilizers. In addition, struvite fertilization increased soil bacterial diversity and denitrification genes levels (narG, nirS, nirK, norB and nosZ) effectively, but decreased nitrification genes contents (amoA). By conducting partial least-square path modeling, it was found that the use of struvite would satisfy the soil N control and pH regulation, which altered N-cycling related bacteria and ultimately mitigated N2O emissions. From an economic aspect, using struvite as a N-fertilizer may increase the struvite market price from 50 to 131.7 €/ton. These findings help change the inherent impression that struvite is only suitable as a P-fertilizer, the application of struvite as N-fertilizer could effectively mitigate the agriculture N2O emission and inspire the application of struvite-based P-recovery technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chengsong Ye
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Bing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yaying Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Kai Ding
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Hu Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Kexin Ren
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Wei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fuzhou, 360002, China.
| | - Xin Ye
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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7
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Sniatala B, Kurniawan TA, Sobotka D, Makinia J, Othman MHD. Macro-nutrients recovery from liquid waste as a sustainable resource for production of recovered mineral fertilizer: Uncovering alternative options to sustain global food security cost-effectively. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159283. [PMID: 36208738 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Global food security, which has emerged as one of the sustainability challenges, impacts every country. As food cannot be generated without involving nutrients, research has intensified recently to recover unused nutrients from waste streams. As a finite resource, phosphorus (P) is largely wasted. This work critically reviews the technical applicability of various water technologies to recover macro-nutrients such as P, N, and K from wastewater. Struvite precipitation, adsorption, ion exchange, and membrane filtration are applied for nutrient recovery. Technological strengths and drawbacks in their applications are evaluated and compared. Their operational conditions such as pH, dose required, initial nutrient concentration, and treatment performance are presented. Cost-effectiveness of the technologies for P or N recovery is also elaborated. It is evident from a literature survey of 310 published studies (1985-2022) that no single technique can effectively and universally recover target macro-nutrients from liquid waste. Struvite precipitation is commonly used to recover over 95 % of P from sludge digestate with its concentration ranging from 200 to 4000 mg/L. The recovered precipitate can be reused as a fertilizer due to its high content of P and N. Phosphate removal of higher than 80 % can be achieved by struvite precipitation when the molar ratio of Mg2+/PO43- ranges between 1.1 and 1.3. The applications of artificial intelligence (AI) to collect data on critical parameters control optimization, improve treatment effectiveness, and facilitate water utilities to upscale water treatment plants. Such infrastructure in the plants could enable the recovered materials to be reused to sustain food security. As nutrient recovery is crucial in wastewater treatment, water treatment plant operators need to consider (1) the costs of nutrient recovery techniques; (2) their applicability; (3) their benefits and implications. It is essential to note that the treatment cost of P and/or N-laden wastewater depends on the process applied and local conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogna Sniatala
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tonni Agustiono Kurniawan
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Dominika Sobotka
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Makinia
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
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8
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Li Y, Xu D, Lin H, Wang W, Yang H. Nutrient released characteristics of struvite-biochar fertilizer produced from concentrated sludge supernatant by fluidized bed reactor. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 325:116548. [PMID: 36308786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
With the exacerbating water eutrophication globally, it is important to recover nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from sewage for recycle. In this study, coconut shell biochar and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) were added into the designed fluidized bed reactor (FBR) to create struvite-biochar. N and P released from struvite-biochar and the recovery efficiency of N and P from concentrated sludge supernatant were analyzed. Results showed that the optimal operation condition for hydraulic retention time (HRT), pH, Mg/P molar ration, and addition amount EDTA were 90 min, 9.5, 1.2, and 0.2 g/L, respectively. The recovery efficiency of NH4+-N and PO43--P, and purity struvite for FBR were 34.41%-38.05%, 64.95-68.40%, and 84.15%, respectively. The recovery efficiency of NH4+-N and PO43--P were respectively increased by 7.23% and 5.36% when FBR with addition of 0.33 g/L coconut shell biochar, but purity struvite from struvite-biochar decreased by 45.70%. Contents of As, Cd, Pb, and Cr in struvite and struvite-biochar were all lower than Chinese Standard Limits of Fertilizer. Compared to commercial chemical fertilizer, such as superphosphate and urea, struvite-biochar and struvite have slowly released N and P. The amounts of released P, NO3--N and NH4+-N from struvite-biochar were higher than struvite during the five leaching times. Compared with struvite, the total amounts of released P, NO3--N and NH4+-N from struvite-biochar increased by 4.9%, 3.5% and 8.3%, respectively. Therefore, it is valuable to add biochar into FBR to recovery N and P from concentrated sludge supernatant and make struvite-biochar as a slow-release fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxue Li
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science &Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Defu Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing, 210044, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Haizhi Lin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Wenhua Wang
- Rapeseed Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550008, China.
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AB, UK.
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Liu X, Zhou W, Feng L, Wu L, Lv J, Du W. Characteristics and Mechanisms of Phosphorous Adsorption by Peanut Shell-Derived Biochar Modified with Magnesium Chloride by Ultrasonic-Assisted Impregnation. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:43102-43110. [PMID: 36467952 PMCID: PMC9713878 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Recovery of phosphate (P) from sludge, domestic wastewater, and industrial wastewater is beneficial for overcoming the problem of shortage of P rock resources. In this study, Mg-functionalized peanut shell-derived biochar was prepared by ultrasound-assisted impregnation. The obtained Mg-laden biochar had a higher content of Mg, a larger specific surface area, and more porosity. The prepared Mg-modified biochar exhibited excellent adsorption properties of phosphorus. Modified biochar has a higher amount of adsorbed P than raw biochar. The capacity of P adsorption by modified biochar was 30.48-114.24% higher than that by raw biochar. Moreover, the Mg-laden biochar can be applied in a wide working environment (pH: 2-10; temperature range: 15-40 °C). This study not only develops a new strategy for the preparation of high-capacity P adsorbents but also provides a new green use for agricultural peanut shells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Liu
- College
of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest
A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- College
of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest
A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Feng
- College
of Resource and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural
Universit, Urumqi830052, China
| | - Lulu Wu
- College
of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest
A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jialong Lv
- College
of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest
A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Du
- College
of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest
A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang712100, Shaanxi, China
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10
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Rizzioli F, Bertasini D, Bolzonella D, Frison N, Battista F. A critical review on the techno-economic feasibility of nutrients recovery from anaerobic digestate in the agricultural sector. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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Li Z, Zhang R, Sun P. Simultaneous removal of phosphate and antibiotic from hydrolyzed urine by novel spherical particles. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 300:134637. [PMID: 35439493 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate recovery from wastewater is regarded as promising strategy to achieve sustainable supply of non-renewable natural resources. In this study, a novel technique for spherical materials preparation was developed to achieve both phosphate recovery and antibiotic removal from urine. Phosphate removal and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation performance of the synthesized spherical materials was studied in synthesized urine and real urine. MgB, made from magnesium oxide (10%) and biochar (10%), was the most effective in phosphate removal and SMX degradation. Struvite formation and radical production were the mechanisms of phosphate removal and SMX degradation, respectively. The phosphate removal capacity of MgB was 0.181 g/g and the removal cost was around 0.245 RMB/g phosphate. Meanwhile, the combination of MgB and persulfate could achieve a 98% degradation efficiency of SMX, which could eliminate the hazardous impurity in final product. Furthermore, this technique has also been validated useful in treating real hydrolyzed urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Ruochun Zhang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Peizhe Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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12
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Chen G, Zhou T, Zhang M, Ding Z, Zhou Z, Ji Y, Tang H, Wang C. Effects of heavy metal ions Cu2+/Pb2+/Zn2+ on kinetic rate constants of struvite crystallization. Chin J Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2022.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Chen A, Zhang D, Wang H, Cui R, Khoshnevisan B, Guo S, Wang P, Liu H. Shallow groundwater fluctuation: An ignored soil N loss pathway from cropland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 828:154554. [PMID: 35302037 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) pollution originating from agricultural land is among the major threats to shallow groundwater (SG). Soil N losses due to the SG table fluctuation are neglected, although a large number of studies have been conducted to evaluate N losses through leaching and runoff. Herein, the characteristics of N losses driven by SG table fluctuation were investigated using the microcosm experiment and surveyed data from the croplands around Erhai Lake. According to the results achieved, the total N (TN) loss mainly occurred during the initial 12 days when the soil was flooded, then presented N immobilized by soil and finally, basically balanced between influent and effluent after 50 days. The results demonstrated that 1.7% of the original soil TN storage (0-100 cm) was lost. The alternation of drying and flooding could greatly increase TN loss up to 1086 kg hm-2, which was 2.72 times as much as that of continuous flooding flow. The amount of soil N losses to groundwater was closely related to the soil profile biochemical characteristics (water content, soil microbial immobilization, mineralization, nitrification, and denitrification processes). Soil N loss from crop fields driven by SG table fluctuation is 26 and 6 times of the runoff and leaching losses, respectively, while the soil N loss from the vegetable fields is 33 and 4 times of the runoff and leaching losses. The total amount of N losses from the croplands around the Erhai Lake caused by flooding of shallow groundwater (SG) in 2016 was estimated at 3506 Mg. The estimations showed that N losses would decrease by 16% if vegetables are replaced with staple food crops. These results imply that the adjustment of the planting structure was the key measure to reduce soil N storage and mitigate groundwater contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqiang Chen
- Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Hongyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Rongyang Cui
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Conservancy, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Benyamin Khoshnevisan
- Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Shufang Guo
- Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Panlei Wang
- Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Impact of Magnesium Sources for Phosphate Recovery and/or Removal from Waste. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15134585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As the population continues to rise, the demand for resources and environmentally friendly management of produced wastes has shown a significant increase in concern. To decrease the impact of these wastes on the environment, it is important to utilize the wastes in producing and/or recovering usable products to provide for the sustainable management of resources. One non-renewable and rapidly diminishing resource is phosphorus, which is used in several products, the most important being its use in manufacturing chemical fertilizer. With the increase in demand but reduction in availability of naturally occurring mineral phosphorus, it is important to investigate other sources of phosphorus. Phosphorus is most commonly recovered through struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) precipitation. The recovery of phosphorus from various wastewater has been well established and documented with recovery rates mostly above 90%. However, one of the major drawbacks of the recovery is the high cost of chemicals needed to precipitate the phosphorus. Since the external magnesium needed to achieve struvite precipitation accounts for around 75% of the total chemical cost, applicability of low-cost magnesium sources, such as bittern or seawater, can help reduce the operational cost significantly. This paper investigates the different magnesium sources that have been used for the recovery of phosphorus, highlighting the different approaches and operating conditions investigated, and their corresponding phosphorus recovery rates. An investigation of the economic aspects of the magnesium sources used for removal/recovery show that costs are dependent on the raw waste treated, the source of magnesium and the location of treatment. A review of published articles on the economics of phosphorus removal/recovery also indicates that there is a lack of studies on the economics of the treatment processes, and there is a need for a comprehensive study on life cycle assessment of such processes that go beyond the technical and economical aspects of treatment processes.
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15
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Sathiasivan K, Swaminathan S, Ramaswamy J, Rajesh M. Investigation of hydrodynamics of inverse fluidized bed reactor (IFBR) for struvite (NH4MgPO4·6H2O) recovery from urban wastewater. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01863-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Wang Y, Mou J, Liu X, Chang J. Phosphorus recovery from wastewater by struvite in response to initial nutrients concentration and nitrogen/phosphorus molar ratio. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 789:147970. [PMID: 34323813 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nutrients recovery from wastewater using struvite crystallization has received significant attention because the recovered nutrients can be used as a fertilizer in agriculture. However, the wastewater with different composition of nutrients might exert distinct struvite characteristics. The objective of this study is to explore the influence of nitrogen/phosphorus (N/P) molar ratio and initial nutrient concentrations on the phosphorus (P) recovery from wastewater and the crystallographic properties of struvite through batch experiments. Both the higher nutrients concentrations and N/P molar ratio in the wastewater resulted in higher recovery of P. However, initial nutrients concentration in the wastewater posed a larger effect on the formation of struvite than that of initial N/P ratio. The ratio of N to P consumed during the process varied with varying the N/P ratio or the initial nutrients concentration, indicating the existence of different crystallization mechanisms under different elemental compositions in the wastewater. The decline in solution pH was negatively correlated with the N/P ratio, whereas it was positively correlated with the nutrient concentration. The crystals produced were mainly rough (dendritic) under the N/P ratio of 2, while the morphology evolved from a regular coffin-like to irregular columnar with the increase in N/P ratio from 4 to 10. Meanwhile, the shape of the irregular cylinder gradually changed from elongated needle shape to the thick rods appearance with the increase in the nutrients concentration. Higher N/P ratio increased the nucleation rate, resulting in finer particles and an uneven crystal size distribution, but purer struvite crystals. The purity of struvite was also positively correlated with the initial nutrients concentration. The Visual MINTEQ modelling analysis demonstrated that the supersaturation ratio of struvite gradually increased with the increase in the N/P ratio or nutrients concentration, which led to a positive effect on struvite crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Wang
- Institute of HydroEcology, State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Water System Science for Sponge City Construction, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jiawan Mou
- Institute of HydroEcology, State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaoning Liu
- Institute of HydroEcology, State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Water System Science for Sponge City Construction, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Jianbo Chang
- Institute of HydroEcology, State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Water System Science for Sponge City Construction, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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17
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Shim S, Reza A, Kim S, Won S, Ra C. Nutrient recovery from swine wastewater at full-scale: An integrated technical, economic and environmental feasibility assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 277:130309. [PMID: 34384179 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the technical, economic and environmental attributes of a full-scale nutrient recovery process connected to the centralized swine wastewater treatment facility (CSWTF) were evaluated. The performance of the process was assessed by introducing influent to the recovery reactor from different components of the CSWTF such as sedimentation tank (swine wastewater) and biological treatment reactor (biologically oxidized material and supernatant of the biologically oxidized material). The results of technical performance assessment revealed that the O-P recovery (87.1-90.7%) and NH4-N removal (66.9-72.1%) efficiencies from the influent of biological treatment reactor were significantly higher than the influent from sedimentation tank (81.7 and 19.8%, respectively, p < 0.05). The economic evaluation elucidated that by increasing the treatment capacity of the recovery reactor from 30 m3/d to 100 m3/d, operating expenses could be covered through the commercialization of struvite, while it would take around seven years to get back the capital investment. Additional economic savings could also be possible when using the recovered struvite as a fertilizer raw material along with other environmental benefits. Considering the current farming practices in Korea, the complete recovery of O-P from CSWTFs as struvite could drop the soil phosphorus surplus by 40%, minimize the phosphatic fertilizer consumption by 6.4% and ultimately reduce CO2 equivalent emissions of 6522 tons/year in comparison to chemical fertilizer production. However, during the continuous operation of the full-scale nutrient recovery process, influent characteristics need to be incessantly monitored and adjusted to the optimum conditions to improve the economics of recovered products. Overall, the nutrient recovery process at full-scale not only solves the problem of treating highly polluted swine wastewater but also helps to ensure societal and environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soomin Shim
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Arif Reza
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea; Department of Environmental Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Seungsoo Kim
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Seunggun Won
- Department of Animal Resources, College of Natural and Life Sciences, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, 38453, South Korea
| | - Changsix Ra
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea.
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Mau L, Kant J, Walker R, Kuchendorf CM, Schrey SD, Roessner U, Watt M. Wheat Can Access Phosphorus From Algal Biomass as Quickly and Continuously as From Mineral Fertilizer. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:631314. [PMID: 33584779 PMCID: PMC7879783 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.631314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Algae can efficiently take up excess nutrients from waterways, making them a valuable resource potentially capable of replacing synthesized and mined fertilizers for agriculture. The capacity of algae to fertilize crops has been quantified, but it is not known how the algae-derived nutrients become available to plants. We aimed to address this question: what are the temporal dynamics of plant growth responses to algal biomass? to better propose mechanisms by which plants acquire nutrients from algal biomass and thereby study and promote those processes in future agricultural applications. Data from various sources were transformed and used to reconstruct the nutrient release from the algae Chlorella vulgaris and subsequent uptake by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (as reported in Schreiber et al., 2018). Plants had received 0.1x or 1x dried algae or wet algae, or zero, 0.1x or 1x mineral fertilizer calculated from agricultural practices for P application and grown to 55 days in three soils. Contents of P and other nutrients acquired from algae were as high as from mineral fertilizer, but varied based on moisture content and amount of algae applied to soils (by 55 days after sowing plants with 1x mineral fertilizer and 1x dried algae had 5.6 mg P g DWshoot; 2.2-fold more than those with 0 or 0.1x mineral fertilizer, 0.1x dried algae and wet algae, and 1x wet algae). Absolute and relative leaf area growth and estimated P uptake rates showed similar dynamics, indicating that wheat acquires P from algae quickly. A model proposes that algal fertilizer promotes wheat growth after rapid transformation in soil to inorganic nutrients. We conclude theoretically that phosphorus from algal biomass is available to wheat seedlings upon its application and is released gradually over time with minor differences related to moisture content on application. The growth and P uptake kinetics hint at nutrient forms, including N, and biomass stimulation worthy of research to further exploit algae in sustainable agriculture practices. Temporal resolved phenotype analyses in combination with a mass-balance approach is helpful for understanding resource uptake from recycled and biofertilizer sources by plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Mau
- Institute of Bio- and Geoscience - IBG-2: Plant Science, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Josefine Kant
- Institute of Bio- and Geoscience - IBG-2: Plant Science, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Robert Walker
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christina M. Kuchendorf
- Institute of Bio- and Geoscience - IBG-2: Plant Science, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Silvia D. Schrey
- Institute of Bio- and Geoscience - IBG-2: Plant Science, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ute Roessner
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michelle Watt
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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19
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Kwon G, Kang J, Nam JH, Kim YO, Jahng D. Struvite production from anaerobic digestate of piggery wastewater using ferronickel slag as a magnesium source. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:429-443. [PMID: 31230556 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1631390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to fully recover ammonia contained at a high concentration in anaerobic digestate of piggery wastewater (ADPW) by forming struvite. As magnesium and phosphorus sources, ferronickel slag (FNS) and K2HPO4 were used, respectively. By leaching 200 g L-1 of FNS with 3.0 M H2SO4, 10,309 mg L-1 of magnesium ions were extracted, and this acid-leachate of FNS (FNSL) also contained 5965 mg L-1 of total iron. In order to simultaneously remove both high concentrations of organic matters in ADPW and iron in FNSL which were known to hinder struvite formation, the mixture of ADPW and FNSL was added with H2O2 at the H2O2/Fe molar ratio of 0.75 and pH 4.0. After Fenton reaction, removal efficiencies of COD and total iron reached 77.36% and 99.89%, respectively. Then COD and an iron-reduced mixture of ADPW and FNSL were added with K2HPO4 satisfying Mg:N:P molar ratio of 1.2:1:1.15 at pH 9.5 to produce struvite for 1 h. From 1 L of ADPW (2.21 g NH3-N), 0.65 L of FNSL (4.65 g Mg2+), and 5.63 g of PO4 3-P, 46.7 g of precipitates were obtained. Overall removal efficiencies of magnesium, NH3-N, and phosphorus were 98.59%, 94.25%, and 99.97%, respectively. Obtained precipitates were analysed by using XRD, XRF, SEM-EDX and found to be struvite with impurities of potassium and metals. Additionally, the economic feasibility of FNS was assessed by estimating chemical costs of various magnesium sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyutae Kwon
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Myongji University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Kang
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Myongji University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Nam
- Water Supply and Sewerage Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-O Kim
- Hyundai Engineering and Construction Co., Ltd., Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Deokjin Jahng
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Myongji University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
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Ye X, Chen M, Wang W, Shen J, Wu J, Huang W, Xiao L, Lin X, Ye ZL, Chen S. Dissolving the high-cost with acidity: A happy encounter between fluidized struvite crystallization and wastewater from activated carbon manufacture. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 188:116521. [PMID: 33099265 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Production of wood-based activated carbon (WAC) generates large volume of highly acidic and phosphate-rich wastewater. Currently, the routine treatment (i.e. lime precipitation) creates significant secondary pollution, leading to extra economic and environmental burdens. Here, by exploiting the strong acidity of WAC wastewater, we successfully demonstrate fluidized struvite crystallization as a low-cost treatment alternative. Based on a 12 m3/d on-site pilot-scale system, four different fluidized struvite crystallization scenarios are evaluated from technical, economic, and environmental perspectives. The results show that using MgO with MgCl2 supplement saves 42.8% of the reagent cost when treating phosphate-rich wastewater (i.e. P = 3125.2 mg/L), and also maintains ideal P removal rate and struvite product purity. Meanwhile, the internal circulation mode exhibits higher P recovery (99.2%) than the external mode (55.3%-89.3%), while also demonstrates superior economic and environmental benefit because of less chemical consumption. In addition, the struvite morphology can be turned between pellets with strong crushing strength (external mode) to powder (internal mode). By Life cycle cost (LCC) analysis, we find that, on a treatment scale of 500 m3/d, struvite-based technology saves up to 31.33 million Chinese Yuan (CYN) during a 20-year lifespan, with relative payback period of 2.60 year. The technical, economic, and environmental assessments confirm that the struvite technology is a promising alternative in solving the bottleneck of WAC wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ye
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Minquan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Wei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Junhuang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Junbin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Lishan Xiao
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Xiangyu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Zhi-Long Ye
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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21
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Lu X, Zhong R, Liu Y, Li Z, Yang J, Wang F. The incorporation of Pb 2+ during struvite precipitation: Quantitative, morphological and structural analysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 276:111359. [PMID: 32949844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Struvite precipitated from wastewaters is an important fertilizer. However, struvite derived from wastewater usually contains toxic Pb, which can bring contamination to soil and even plants. Thus, understanding the incorporation mechanisms of Pb2+ during struvite precipitation is critical to its safe application. Here the influence of Pb concentration on struvite precipitation was assessed. When the initial Pb concentrations were at the range of 0.1-1 mg/L, the formation of pitting and roughening on struvite crystal surfaces was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), indicating a surface interaction between Pb and struvite. Combined with X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), the results confirmed that the formed Pb-enriched layer with Pb-OH and Pb-PO4 bonds was absorbed on struvite surface during precipitation. When Pb concentrations were increased to 10-100 mg/L, the precipitation of dominating Pb phase, crystalline Pb10(PO4)6(OH)2, was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Combined with XPS, the amorphous Pb hydroxide/phosphate and Mg phosphate were also detected in struvite solids. Our findings revealed that at low concentrations (0.1-1 mg/L), Pb can affect the mineral surface by surface absorption, whereas Pb precipitated as separated phase(s) (e.g. Pb10(PO4)6(OH)2, Pb hydroxide and/or phosphate) at high Pb concentrations (10-100 mg/L). Thus, the initial Pb2+ concentrations in wastewater will dictate final struvite contents and Pb-bearing phases in recovered solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwen Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, And Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ren Zhong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, And Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuxin Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, And Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhe Li
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Newport Road, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - Jiani Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, And Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Evaluating the Struvite Recovered from Anaerobic Digestate in a Farm Bio-Refinery as a Slow-Release Fertiliser. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13205342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Biogas production in agricultural biogas plants generates digestate—liquid waste containing organic matter and mineral nutrients. Utilisation of the digestate on farm fields adjacent to the biogas plants is limited. Therefore, bio-refineries implement advanced forms of digestate processing, including precipitation of struvite (MgNH4PO4.6H2O). Struvite can be transported over long distances and dosed precisely to meet the nutritional needs of the plants. Divergent opinions on the fertilising value of struvite and its function over time call for further research on its effects on crop yields in the first and subsequent years after application. This study investigates the effects of struvite (STR), struvite with ammonium sulphate (STR + N), and commercial ammonium phosphate (AP) on the yields, nutrient concentration in the crops, nutrient uptake by the crops, and soil N, P, and Mg content in the second growing period after the application of fertilisers to silty loam (SL) and loamy sand (LS) soils under grass cultivation. Struvite was recovered from the liquid fraction of digestate obtained from a bio-refinery on the De Marke farm (Netherlands). The soils investigated in the pot experiment originated from Obory (SL) and Skierniewice (LS) (Central Poland). The results obtained over the first growing period following fertilisation were published earlier. In our prior work, we showed that the majority of the struvite phosphorus remains in the soil. We hypothesised that, in the second year, the yield potential of the struvite might be higher than that of commercial P fertiliser. Currently, we have demonstrated that, in the second growing period following the application, struvite causes an increase in grass yield, nutrient uptake by the crops, and P and Mg content in the soil. On SL and LS soils, the yields of the four grass harvests from the STR and STR + N treatments were higher than those from AP by approximately 8% and 16.5%, respectively. Our results confirm that struvite is more effective as a fertiliser compared to commercial ammonium phosphate. Struvite can be, therefore, recommended for fertilising grasslands at higher doses once every two years.
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Wang Z, Zhang J, Hu X, Bian R, Xv Y, Deng R, Zhang Z, Xiang P, Xia S. Phosphorus recovery from aqueous solution via a microbial electrolysis phosphorus-recovery cell. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 257:127283. [PMID: 32531492 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The coming global phosphorus (P) crisis makes P recovery from wastewater become an inevitable choice. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) crystallization is an important approach for P recovery, but its requirements for high alkali and acid are unaffordable. Thus, a microbial electrolysis phosphorus-recovery cell (MEPRC) was developed to cut down the alkali cost via raising the wastewater pH (over 11) in the cathode chamber, and the acid cost via producing acid in the acid-production chamber. HAP was confirmed to be the final recovered products, and P recovery efficiency over 80% was achieved at 24-h operation. To optimize the P recovery performance of this system, the effects of the key factors including applied voltage, P initial concentration and Ca/P ration were investigated. High voltage could promote the rate of P recovery but had slight effect on the eventual recovery efficiency (elevated from 88.5 to 91.1%). High P initial concentration (15.0 mM) could slow down the pH elevation, contributing to the low P recovery efficiency (50.1%) within 24 h. However, prolonging the operation could break the buffering and obtain a satisfactory P recovery efficiency (87.2%) at 36 h. Besides, sufficient calcium ions were favorable to the P recovery. In addition, P recovery cost analyses of the MEPRC indicated that it might be a low-cost technology for P recovery. Moreover, the simultaneously produced acid could be used to neutralize the effluent after P recovery with high pH value. These results demonstrate the feasibility of MEPRC for cost-effective P recovery from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuobin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shanghai Urban Construction Vocational College, Shanghai, 200432, China
| | - Xiaolong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Runqin Bian
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yifan Xv
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ruifeng Deng
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Pengyu Xiang
- Zhejiang Weiming Environment Protection Co., Ltd., Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Siqing Xia
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
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Zhang T, He X, Deng Y, Tsang DCW, Yuan H, Shen J, Zhang S. Swine manure valorization for phosphorus and nitrogen recovery by catalytic-thermal hydrolysis and struvite crystallization. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 729:138999. [PMID: 32498172 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) recovery from swine manure has attracted considerable interest for biomass valorization. In this study, a catalytic-thermal hydrolysis (TH) process combined with struvite crystallization was investigated to promote P and N conversion from swine manure. Its potential as a phosphate-based fertilizer was investigated. Two periods for P solubilization and transformation were observed, i.e., an initial increase with reaction time followed by a decrease as treatment continued. Nitrogen conversion efficiency increased with increasing temperature and time. Treatment of swine manure by catalytic-TH with HCl + H2O2 showed the best performance for P and N solubilization and transformation. With a Mg2+/PO43- molar ratio of 2.49 and a pH of 9.11, the struvite crystallization efficiency from the supernatant after catalytic-TH with HCl + H2O2 reached 99.2%. Hydroculture bioassay showed that struvite had a positive effect on the early growth of wheat. The P concentrations in both root and shoot tissues for struvite treatment were more than two times higher than that of soluble P. These encouraging results warrant further studies on the conversion of biowaste given that recycling nutrients sources may outperform traditional synthetic fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Institute for Agricultural Engineering, Conversion Technologies of Biobased Resources, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 9, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Xinyue He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaxin Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Illinois Sustainable Technology Center, University of illinois Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huimin Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianbo Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science of Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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Shim S, Reza A, Kim S, Ahmed N, Won S, Ra C. Simultaneous Removal of Pollutants and Recovery of Nutrients from High-Strength Swine Wastewater Using a Novel Integrated Treatment Process. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10050835. [PMID: 32408573 PMCID: PMC7278415 DOI: 10.3390/ani10050835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Due to the increasing trend of swine consumption in recent decades, swine husbandry practices have become more intensive in Korea. Intensive swine farming practices inevitably result in an increment of wastewater production. Treatment of high strength swine wastewater (SWW) is therefore becoming a matter of concern in Korea. Moreover, with the increasing number of swine heads, swine farms are having issues with malodor, sanitation, and disease control. In this study, a novel integrated treatment process was tested for the simultaneous removal of pollutants and nutrient recovery from high strength swine wastewater. The integrated treatment process used in this study successfully removed the nutrients and other pollutants through biological treatment, recovered the nutrients using struvite crystallization process and decolorized as well as disinfected the effluent before discharge into water bodies by electrochemical treatment. Therefore, using the proposed integrated treatment process, it might be possible to ensure efficient SWW management along with societal and environmental sustainability. Abstract In this study, a novel treatment approach combining biological treatment, struvite crystallization, and electrochemical treatment was developed and its efficiency for the simultaneous removal of pollutants and recovery of nutrients from high strength swine wastewater (SWW) was verified. For all the parameters, maximum removal efficiencies in the lab-scale test were obtained in the range of 93.0–98.7% except for total solids (TS) (79.4%). Farm-scale process showed overall removal efficiencies for total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), soluble total organic carbon (sTOC), and color as 94.5%, 67.0%, 96.1%, and 98.9%, respectively, while TS, suspended solids (SS), ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N), and ortho-phosphate (O-P) concentrations were reduced by 91.5%, 99.6%, 98.6%, and 91.9%, respectively. Moreover, the struvite recovered from SWW showed heavy metal concentrations within the range of the Korean standard for fertilizers and feedstocks and thus, suggesting its potential application as fertilizer and in animal feed production. Using the proposed process, the SWW was converted to liquid compost as a quick-acting fertilizer, struvite as a slow-release fertilizer, and the decolorized and disinfected effluent after electrochemical treatment was safe for discharge according to Korean standard. Therefore, the novel integrated treatment process used in this study can be considered as a solution for SWW management and for the simultaneous removal and recycling of nutrients (N and P).
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Affiliation(s)
- Soomin Shim
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (S.S.); (A.R.); (S.K.); (N.A.)
| | - Arif Reza
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (S.S.); (A.R.); (S.K.); (N.A.)
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, IUBAT—International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Seungsoo Kim
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (S.S.); (A.R.); (S.K.); (N.A.)
| | - Naveed Ahmed
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (S.S.); (A.R.); (S.K.); (N.A.)
- U.S. Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Water, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro 76062, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Seunggun Won
- Department of Animal Resources, College of Life and Environmental Science, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea;
| | - Changsix Ra
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (S.S.); (A.R.); (S.K.); (N.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-250-8618
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Hu J, Hong C, Li Z, Xing Y, Zheng Z, Zhao X, Wang Z, Zhao H, Zhang Z, Meng J, Qi C. Nitrogen release of hydrothermal treatment of antibiotic fermentation residue and preparation of struvite from hydrolysate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 713:135174. [PMID: 31836217 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal treatment (HT) is an appropriate treatment method for organic hazardous wastes such as antibiotic fermentation residue (AR). However, there is no effective way to recycle hydrolysate with high nitrogen content. In this study, penicillin fermentation residue (PR, a type of AR) was used as raw material to study the release and redistribution of N during hydrothermal process. And the influences of pH, ion ratio and reaction time on the preparation of struvite were analyzed. The results showed that the nitrogen in PR consists of Inorganic-N and Amino-N. Most of N (~70%) that entered hydrolysate was converted into org-N, NH4+-N and NO3--N. At 260 °C, the NH4+-N concentration was 2842.78 mg/L, accounting for 45.2% of total nitrogen. The remaining amino-N in the hydrochar was gradually converted to pyridine-N, pyrrole-N and quaternary-N with the increasing of temperature. At pH = 9.5, Mg2+: NH4+: PO43- = 1.3: 1: 1.15, struvite was prepared by hydrolysate. And over 95% removal rate of NH4+-N could be achieved. XRD analysis showed that the main component of the product was struvite, which was further confirmed by SEM-EDX and FT-IR. It was found that there was trace amount of MgKPO4·H2O precipitation in the product. In addition, Mg3(PO4)2 precipitation might also be formed at pH = 10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashuo Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chen Hong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Zaixing Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Yi Xing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Zixuan Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiumei Zhao
- North China Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang 050015, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hongjun Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jie Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chenhao Qi
- Tianjin College, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Tianjin 301830, China
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Design and Optimization of Fluidized Bed Reactor Operating Conditions for Struvite Recovery Process from Swine Wastewater. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8040422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Struvite crystallization using fluidized bed reactors (FBRs) is one of the most commonly used methods for nutrient recovery from different waste streams. However, struvite recovery from swine wastewater containing much higher solids using FBR has not been studied extensively. In this study, we therefore designed and optimized the key operating conditions parameters, i.e., pH (9.0, 9.5, and 10.0), circulation rate (CR) (1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 L/Lreactor·h), and hydraulic retention time (HRT) (1, 3, and 5 h) of FBR to ensure efficient nutrient removal and struvite crystallization from swine wastewater using response surface methodology (RSM) with central composite design (CCD) as experimental design. A magnesium/phosphorus (Mg/P) molar ratio of 1.3 was maintained with MgCl2 according to ortho-phosphate (O-P) concentration of influent and an air diffuser was set to supply air with 0.03 L air/Lreactor·min. The O-P recovery efficiency of over 91% was achieved through the entire runs. Among the operational parameters, pH did not show any significant effect on NH4-N recovery, particle size, and struvite production rate (SPR). The optimal CR over 2.94 L/Lreactor·h was found to be appropriate for efficient removal of nutrients and struvite crystallization. While optimizing the HRT, priority of the process operation such as the production of larger struvite particles or increased struvite productivity should be considered. Therefore, the optimal operational parameters of pH 9.0, CR > 2.94 L/Lreactor·h, and HRT of 1 or 5 h were chosen to obtain better responses through RSM analyses. The findings of this study would be useful in designing and operating either pilot- or full-scale FBR for struvite crystallization from swine wastewater.
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Hutnik N, Stanclik A, Piotrowski K, Matynia A. Recovery of phosphates(V) from wastewaters of different chemical composition. OPEN CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2019-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractPhosphate(V) ions were recovered from wastewaters of different chemical compositions in a continuous reaction crystallization of struvite. Two real wastewaters were represented by an effluent sample from the phosphorus mineral fertilizer industry and by liquid manure derived from a cattle-breeding farm. Two other wastewaters were prepared under laboratory conditions. Impurities present in the wastewaters caused the precipitation of solid products of distinctly different quality. The mean size of struvite crystals varied from ca. 18 to ca. 40 μm. Homogeneity within their populations, quantified by the coefficient of variation CV, varied from satisfactory (CV ca. 75%) to unfavorable (CV ca. 100%), which resulted in the elongation of necessary filtration time. Calcium ions in wastewater precipitated as amorphous hydrated calcium phosphates ACP. Their content in the products varied from 33.4 up to 73.1 mass %. Also 28.32 – 32.74 mass % of P2O5, 6.35 – 14.12 mass % of MgO and 4.35 – 16.94 mass % of CaO were confirmed in the products, together with hydroxides of some metals and salts of other impurities. Based on the chemical composition of the products derived from the investigated wastewaters, their application in agriculture as valuable mineral fertilizers is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Hutnik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50–370Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Stanclik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50–370Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Piotrowski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Process Design, Silesian University of Technology, 44–101Gliwice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Matynia
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50–370Wroclaw, Poland
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Moragaspitiya C, Rajapakse J, Millar GJ. Effect of Ca:Mg ratio and high ammoniacal nitrogen on characteristics of struvite precipitated from waste activated sludge digester effluent. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 86:65-77. [PMID: 31787191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study revealed the relationship between the presence of calcium impurities and ammoniacal nitrogen concentration upon crystallization of struvite. The research hypothesis was that the presence of both calcium and high concentrations of ammoniacal nitrogen (328-1000 mg/L) in waste activated sludge may influence the struvite quality and acid stability. Hence, we studied the impact of Ca:Mg ratio upon morphology, particle size, purity and dissolution of struvite, in the presence of varying levels of excess ammoniacal nitrogen. X-ray diffraction revealed that up to 31.4% amorphous material was made which was assigned to hydroxyapatite. Increasing the ammoniacal nitrogen concentration and elevation of the Mg:Ca ratio maximized the presence of struvite. Struvite particle size was also increased by ammoniacal nitrogen as was twinning of the crystals. Tests with dilute solutions of organic acid revealed the sensitivity of struvite dissolution to the physical characteristics of the struvite. Smaller particles (21.2 μm) dissolved at higher rates than larger particles (35.86 μm). However, struvite dissolved rapidly as the pH was further reduced irrespective of the physical characteristics. Therefore, addition of struvite to low pH soils was not viewed as beneficial in terms of controlled nutrient release. Overall, this study revealed that waste activated sludge effluent with high ammoniacal nitrogen was prospective for synthesis of high quality struvite material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chathurani Moragaspitiya
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Jay Rajapakse
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.
| | - Graeme J Millar
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
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Min KJ, Kim D, Lee J, Lee K, Park KY. Characteristics of vegetable crop cultivation and nutrient releasing with struvite as a slow-release fertilizer. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:34332-34344. [PMID: 31175569 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05522-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Struvite precipitation is an effective method to remove and recover ammonia and phosphate from livestock wastewater. Struvite has properties similar to those of the traditional ammonium-phosphate fertilizer, which does not burn the roots owing to its slow-release characteristics. Struvite is an effective fertilizer as its nutrient-releasing rate is very slow. But the release rate of ammonia and phosphate in soil depends on the size of crystals. In this study, the nutrient-releasing pattern of three types of struvite crystals and liquid fertilizer was compared using soil column. X-Ray fluorescence spectrometry was conducted to investigate the potential use of struvite as a fertilizer. Various struvite crystalline fertilizers were evaluated for their fertilizer performance by cultivating potted vegetable crops. The nitrogen removal efficiency of zeolite-seeded struvite was higher than that of no seed struvite. The ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency was more than 99% irrespective of the kind of zeolite. The soil column test revealed that nutrient releasing from liquid fertilizer and zeolite-seeded struvite recovered from livestock wastewater was 11 and 63 days, respectively. Struvite recovered from livestock wastewater contained more than 20% (w/w) potassium oxide; however, the concentration of heavy metals, such as copper and zinc, was very low. Therefore, we considered that the synthesized struvite using livestock wastewater has high value as fertilizer. The recovered struvite was effective under appropriate concentrations to cultivate all the applied vegetable crops in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Jin Min
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Neungdong-ro 120, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Daegi Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Daegu University, Daegudae-ro 201, Jillyang-eup, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongkeun Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Neungdong-ro 120, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwanyong Lee
- Department of Environment and Health, Jangan University, 1182 Samcheonbyeongma-ro Bongdam-eup, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Young Park
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Neungdong-ro 120, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Shim S, Won S, Reza A, Kim S, Ahn S, Jung B, Yoon B, Ra C. In Vivo Toxicity and In Vitro Solubility Assessment of Pre-Treated Struvite as A Potential Alternative Phosphorus Source in Animal Feed. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9100785. [PMID: 31614549 PMCID: PMC6826386 DOI: 10.3390/ani9100785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Apart from using as fertilizer for plants, the application of struvite may be expanded to animal feed industries through proper pre-treatment. This study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of using pre-treated struvite (microwave irradiated struvite (MS) and incinerated struvite (IS)) in animal feeds. For safety assessment, an in vivo toxicity experiment using thirty female Sprague Dawley rats (average body weight (BW) of 200 ± 10 g) was conducted. The rats were randomly divided into five groups, including a control. Based on the BW, MS and IS were applied daily by oral administration with 1 and 10 mg kg-1-BW (MS1 and MS10; IS1 and IS10) using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a vehicle. A series of jar tests were conducted for four hours to check the solubility of the MS and IS at different pH (pH 2, 4, and 5) and compared to a commercial P source (monocalcium phosphate, MCP, control). The toxicity experiment results showed no significant differences among the treatments in BW and organ (liver, kidney, heart, and lung) weight of rats (p > 0.05). There were no adverse effects on blood parameters and the histopathological examination showed no inflammation in the organ tissues in MS and IS treated groups compared to the control. In an in vitro solubility test, no significant difference was observed in ortho-phosphate (O-P) solubility from the MCP and MS at pH 2 and 4 (p > 0.05), while O-P solubility from MS at pH 5 to 7 was higher than MCP and found to be significantly different (p < 0.05). O-P solubility from IS was the lowest among the treatments and significantly different from MCP and MS in all the experiments (p < 0.05). The results of this study not only suggest that the struvite pre-treated as MS could be a potential alternative source of P in animal feed but also motivate further studies with more stringent designs to better examine the potential of struvite application in diverse fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soomin Shim
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
| | - Seunggun Won
- Department of Animal Resources, College of Life and Environmental Science, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea.
| | - Arif Reza
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh.
| | - Seungsoo Kim
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
| | - Sungil Ahn
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
| | - Baedong Jung
- Department of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
| | - Byungil Yoon
- Department of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
| | - Changsix Ra
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
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Kumari S, Jose S, Jagadevan S. Optimization of phosphate recovery as struvite from synthetic distillery wastewater using a chemical equilibrium model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:30452-30462. [PMID: 31444717 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06152-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the feasibility of recovery of phosphorus via struvite precipitation from a synthetic anaerobically treated distillery spent wash by optimizing the process using a chemical equilibrium model, namely Visual MINTEQ. Process parameters such as Mg2+, [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] ion concentrations and pH were used as inputs into the model. Increasing the molar ratio of [Formula: see text] from 0.8:1 to 1.6:1 at pH 9 led to an increase in phosphate recovery from 88.2 to 99.5%. The model and experimental results were in good agreement in terms of phosphate recovery, indicating that the Visual MINTEQ model can be used to pre-determine the process parameters for struvite synthesis. Increasing the concentration of calcium ion adversely affected the synthesis and purity of struvite, whereas the presence of melanoidins had no significant impact. This study demonstrates that phosphorus recovery through struvite precipitation is a sustainable approach to reclaim phosphorus from high-strength industrial wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soni Kumari
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, India
| | - Sanoj Jose
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, India
| | - Sheeja Jagadevan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, India.
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Margenot AJ, Kitt D, Gramig BM, Berkshire TB, Chatterjee N, Hertzberger AJ, Aguiar S, Furneaux A, Sharma N, Cusick RD. Toward a Regional Phosphorus (Re)cycle in the US Midwest. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2019; 48:1397-1413. [PMID: 31589729 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2019.02.0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Redirecting anthropogenic waste phosphorus (P) flows from receiving water bodies to high P demand agricultural fields requires a resource management approach that integrates biogeochemistry, agronomy, engineering, and economics. In the US Midwest, agricultural reuse of P recovered from spatially colocated waste streams stands to reduce point-source P discharges, meet agricultural P needs, and-depending on the speciation of recovered P-mitigate P losses from agriculture. However, the speciation of P recovered from waste streams via its chemical transformation-referred to here as recovered P (rP) differs markedly based on waste stream composition and recovery method, which can further interact with soil and crop characteristics of agricultural sinks. The solubility of rP presents key tensions between engineered P recovery and agronomic reuse because it defines both the ability to remove organic and inorganic P from aqueous streams and the crop availability of rP. The potential of rP generation and composition differs greatly among animal, municipal, and grain milling waste streams due to the aqueous speciation of P and presence of coprecipitants. Two example rP forms, phytin and struvite, engage in distinct biogeochemical processes on addition to soils that ultimately influence crop uptake and potential losses of rP. These processes also influence the fate of nitrogen (N) embodied in rP. The economics of rP generation and reuse will determine if and which rP are produced. Matching rP species to appropriate agricultural systems is critical to develop sustainable and financially viable regional exchanges of rP from wastewater treatment to agricultural end users.
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Schneider KD, Thiessen Martens JR, Zvomuya F, Reid DK, Fraser TD, Lynch DH, O'Halloran IP, Wilson HF. Options for Improved Phosphorus Cycling and Use in Agriculture at the Field and Regional Scales. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2019; 48:1247-1264. [PMID: 31589712 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2019.02.0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Soil phosphorus (P) cycling in agroecosystems is highly complex, with many chemical, physical, and biological processes affecting the availability of P to plants. Traditionally, P fertilizer recommendations have been made using an insurance-based approach, which has resulted in the accumulation of P in many intensively managed agricultural soils worldwide and contributed to the widespread water quality issue of eutrophication. To mitigate further environmental degradation and because future P fertilizer supplies are threatened due to finite phosphate rock resources and associated geopolitical and quality issues, there is an immediate need to increase P use efficiency (PUE) in agroecosystems. Through cultivar selection and improved cropping system design, contemporary research suggests that sufficient crop yields could be maintained at reduced soil test P (STP) concentrations. In addition, more efficient P cycling at the field scale can be achieved through agroecosystem management that increases soil organic matter and organic P mineralization and optimizes arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbioses. This review paper provides a perspective on how agriculture has the potential to utilize plant and microbial traits to improve PUE at the field scale and accordingly, maintain crop yields at lower STP concentrations. It also links with the need to tighten the P cycle at the regional scale, including a discussion of P recovery and recycling technologies, with a particular focus on the use of struvite as a recycled P fertilizer. Guidance on directions for future research is provided.
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Nutrient Leaching Loss of Pre-Treated Struvite and Its Application in Sudan Grass Cultivation as an Eco-Friendly and Sustainable Fertilizer Source. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11154204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Struvite recovered from waste streams is considered as a sustainable alternative to commercial phosphate (P) fertilizers manufactured from P rock. In this study, struvite was recovered from swine wastewater and pre-treated as air-dried material (AM), microwave irradiated material (MM), oven-dried material (OM), and incinerated material (IM) to reduce the moisture content. Based on their solubility and crystalline nature, AM and IM were selected for further experiments. The nutrient leaching loss and fertilizing value of AM and IM were evaluated in comparison to commercial fused superphosphate (FSP) fertilizer. Soil columns were used to quantify ortho-phosphate (O-P) and ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) leaching in soil from the test materials. Among the test materials, the average leaching rate of O-P for FSP and AM was significantly different from the control and IM (p < 0.05). The average leaching rate of NH4-N among the test materials did not show any significant difference (p > 0.05). Sudan grass growth was examined with standard (urea supplemented) and high (20x, without urea) application of test materials in pot and soil box trials, respectively, to study the fertilizing value AM and IM. There were no significant differences among the test materials, except for the control, in terms of growth rate and fresh and dry matter yield in the pot trials (p > 0.05). When AM, IM, and FSP were applied in increasing amounts (20x) without urea supplement, Sudan grass growth was 50% lower in IM and was found to be significantly different from AM and FSP (p < 0.05). The results suggest that struvite pre-treated as AM could be an effective sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to commercial P fertilizers and thus helps to ensure agricultural sustainability.
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Grunert O, Robles-Aguilar AA, Hernandez-Sanabria E, Schrey SD, Reheul D, Van Labeke MC, Vlaeminck SE, Vandekerckhove TGL, Mysara M, Monsieurs P, Temperton VM, Boon N, Jablonowski ND. Tomato plants rather than fertilizers drive microbial community structure in horticultural growing media. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9561. [PMID: 31266970 PMCID: PMC6606572 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45290-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic fertilizer production is associated with a high environmental footprint, as compounds typically dissolve rapidly leaching emissions to the atmosphere or surface waters. We tested two recovered nutrients with slower release patterns, as promising alternatives for synthetic fertilizers: struvite and a commercially available organic fertilizer. Using these fertilizers as nitrogen source, we conducted a rhizotron experiment to test their effect on plant performance and nutrient recovery in juvenile tomato plants. Plant performance was significantly improved when organic fertilizer was provided, promoting higher shoot biomass. Since the microbial community influences plant nitrogen availability, we characterized the root-associated microbial community structure and functionality. Analyses revealed distinct root microbial community structure when different fertilizers were supplied. However, plant presence significantly increased the similarity of the microbial community over time, regardless of fertilization. Additionally, the presence of the plant significantly reduced the potential ammonia oxidation rates, implying a possible role of the rhizosheath microbiome or nitrification inhibition by the plant. Our results indicate that nitrifying community members are impacted by the type of fertilizer used, while tomato plants influenced the potential ammonia-oxidizing activity of nitrogen-related rhizospheric microbial communities. These novel insights on interactions between recovered fertilizers, plant and associated microbes can contribute to develop sustainable crop production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Grunert
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium.,Greenyard, Skaldenstraat 7a, 9042, Desteldonk, Belgium
| | - Ana A Robles-Aguilar
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, 52428, Jülich, Germany.,Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emma Hernandez-Sanabria
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Silvia D Schrey
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Dirk Reheul
- Department of Plant and Crops, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Siegfried E Vlaeminck
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium.,Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Tom G L Vandekerckhove
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Mysara
- Unit of Microbiology, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium.,Department of Bioscience Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pieter Monsieurs
- Unit of Microbiology, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium.,Unit Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Vicky M Temperton
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, D-21335, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Nico Boon
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium.
| | - Nicolai D Jablonowski
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, 52428, Jülich, Germany.
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38
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Aguado D, Barat R, Bouzas A, Seco A, Ferrer J. P-recovery in a pilot-scale struvite crystallisation reactor for source separated urine systems using seawater and magnesium chloride as magnesium sources. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 672:88-96. [PMID: 30954828 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Practical recovery of a non-renewable nutrient, such as phosphorus (P), is essential to support modern agriculture in the near future. The high P content of urine, makes it an attractive source for practicing the recovery of this crucial nutrient. This paper presents the experimental results at pilot-plant scale of struvite crystallisation from a source-separated urine stream using two different magnesium sources, namely magnesium chloride and seawater. The latter was chosen as sustainable option to perform P-recovery in coastal areas. Real seawater was used to assess in a more realistic way its efficiency to precipitate P as struvite, since its composition (with noticeable concentration of ions such as Ca2+, SO42-, Na+, …) could lead to the formation of impurities and other precipitates. 0.99 g of struvite was obtained per litre of urine irrespective of the operational conditions tested. In all tested conditions, precipitation efficiencies exceeded 90% and recovery efficiencies were higher than 87%, with an average struvite crystal size higher than 110 μm (and up to 320 μm, depending on the experimental conditions) in the harvested struvite samples. Almost pure struvite was obtained when MgCl2 was used as precipitant, while amorphous calcium phosphate and other impurities appeared in the precipitates using seawater as magnesium source. However, the lower settling velocity of the amorphous precipitates in comparison with the struvite precipitates suggests that their separation at industrial scale could be relatively straightforward.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Aguado
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - R Barat
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - A Bouzas
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Seco
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat de València, Avinguda de la Universitat s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Ferrer
- CALAGUA - Unidad Mixta UV-UPV, Institut Universitari d'Investigació d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient - IIAMA, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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39
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Azam HM, Alam ST, Hasan M, Yameogo DDS, Kannan AD, Rahman A, Kwon MJ. Phosphorous in the environment: characteristics with distribution and effects, removal mechanisms, treatment technologies, and factors affecting recovery as minerals in natural and engineered systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:20183-20207. [PMID: 31119535 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04732-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P), an essential element for living cells, is present in different soluble and adsorbed chemical forms found in soil, sediment, and water. Most species are generally immobile and easily adsorbed onto soil particles. However, P is a major concern owing to its serious environmental effects (e.g., eutrophication, scale formation) when found in excess in natural or engineered environments. Commercial chemicals, fertilizers, sewage effluent, animal manure, and agricultural waste are the major sources of P pollution. But there is limited P resources worldwide. Therefore, the fate, effects, and transport of P in association with its removal, treatment, and recycling in natural and engineered systems are important. P removal and recycling technologies utilize different types of physical, biological, and chemical processes. Moreover, P minerals (struvite, vivianite, etc.) can precipitate and form scales in drinking water and wastewater systems. Hence, P minerals (e.g., struvite, vivianite etc.) are problems when left uncontrolled and unmonitored although their recovery is beneficial (e.g., slow release fertilizers, sustainable P sources, soil enhancers). Sources like wastewater, human waste, waste nutrient solution, etc. can be used for P recycling. This review paper extensively summarizes the importance and distribution of P in different environmental compartments, the effects of P in natural and engineered systems, P removal mechanisms through treatment, and recycling technologies specially focusing on various types of phosphate mineral precipitation. In particular, the factors controlling mineral (e.g., struvite and vivianite) precipitation in natural and engineered systems are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossain M Azam
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Manhattan College, 3825 Corlear Avenue, Riverdale, Bronx, NY, 10471, USA.
| | - Seemi Tasnim Alam
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 679 Saimdang-ro, Gangneungsi, Gangwon-do, 25451, South Korea
- University of Science and Technology, 176 Gajeong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The George Washington University, 800 22nd Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Djigui David Stéphane Yameogo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Manhattan College, 3825 Corlear Avenue, Riverdale, Bronx, NY, 10471, USA
| | - Arvind Damodara Kannan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Manhattan College, 3825 Corlear Avenue, Riverdale, Bronx, NY, 10471, USA
| | - Arifur Rahman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The George Washington University, 800 22nd Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
- Freese and Nichols, Inc., 2711 N Haskell Avenue, Suite 3300, Dallas, TX, 75204, USA
| | - Man Jae Kwon
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
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40
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Hu P, Zhang Y, Liu L, Wang X, Luan X, Ma X, Chu PK, Zhou J, Zhao P. Biochar/struvite composite as a novel potential material for slow release of N and P. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:17152-17162. [PMID: 31001775 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04458-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
For soil and environmental remediation, biochar/struvite composites are prepared by the crystallization-adsorption method. The recovery rates of N, P, and Mg in the solution increase to 99.02%, 97.23%, and 95.22%, respectively, by forming 10% biochar/struvite composite. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns acquired from the 10% biochar/struvite composite show a crystalline structure of MgNH4PO4·6H2O (PDF no. 15-0762) and release of the main nutrient elements (N, P, Mg) from the 10% biochar/struvite composite increases significantly compared to struvite. The solubility of the biochar/struvite composite is the highest in 0.5 mol/L HCl, second in 20 g/L citric acid, and lowest in water. The power function equation describes more precisely the cumulative release of N, P, and Mg from the biochar/struvite composite in distilled water, whereas it follows the simple Elovich equation in 20 g/L critic acid and first-order kinetics equation in 0.5 mol/L HCl. Leaching experiments are performed on the biochar/struvite composite in soil, and the results indicate that the biochar/struvite composite has a longer cycle of release of nutrients than traditional chemical fertilizers and has large potential as a slow-release fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Hu
- School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihe Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Leipeng Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinke Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinglong Luan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Paul K Chu
- Department of Physics and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jichao Zhou
- Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, 415000, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengda Zhao
- School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
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41
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Optimum Method Uploaded Nutrient Solution for Blended Biochar Pellet with Application of Nutrient Releasing Model as Slow Release Fertilizer. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9091899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The nutrient releasing characteristics of a blended biochar pellet comprising a mixture of biochar and pig manure compost ratio (4:6) uploaded with nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) nutrient solutions were investigated with the application of a modified Hyperbola model during a 77-day precipitation period. The experiment consisted of five treatments, i.e., the control, as 100% pig manure compost pellet (PMCP), a urea solution made at room temperature (TN), a urea solution heated to 60 °C (HTN), N, P and K solutions made at room temperature (TNPK), and N, P and K solutions heated to 60 °C (HTNPK). The cumulative ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) in the blended biochar pellets was slow released over the 77 days of precipitation period, but nitrite nitrogen (NO3-N) was rapidly released, i.e., within 15 days of precipitation (Phase I), close behind on a slower release rate within the final precipitation (Phase II). Accumulated phosphate phosphorus (PO4-P) concentrations were not much different, and slowly released until the final precipitation period, while the highest accumulated K amount was 2493.8 mg L−1 in the TNPK at 8 days, which then remained at a stage state of K. Accumulated silicon dioxide (SiO2) concentrations abruptly increased until 20 days of precipitation, regardless of treatments. For the application of the releasing model for nutrient releasing characteristics, the estimations of accumulated NH4-N, NO3-N, PO4-P, K and SiO2 in all the treatments were significantly (p < 0.01) fitted with a modified Hyperbola model. These findings indicate that blended biochar pellets can be used as a slow release fertilizer for agricultural practices.
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42
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Wongphudphad P, Kemacheevakul P. Development of phosphorus recovery reactor for enlargement of struvite crystals using seawater as the magnesium source. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2019; 79:1376-1386. [PMID: 31123237 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2019.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Struvite crystallization is an interesting method for the recovery of phosphorus (P) from wastewater. However, the struvite crystals obtained are small, which makes them difficult to separate from wastewater. A continuous reactor for enlarging struvite crystals was developed. Batch-scale experiments were conducted to investigate the optimum factors for the enlargement of struvite crystals. The results of pH experiments showed that P recovery efficiency increased with an increase of pH values (7.6 to 10), while the size of struvite crystals decreased. The results of the Mg:P ratios found that the maximum P recovery efficiency occurred at the maximum ratio of Mg:P. The sizes of struvite crystals were not significantly different. For the variation of temperature values, the results showed that P recovery efficiency and crystal sizes decreased when temperature values increased. Therefore, the optimized conditions for P recovery efficiency and enlargement of struvite crystals for the continuous reactor were pH 8.5 and an Mg:P ratio of 1.2:1 at 30 °C (room temperature). The treated swine wastewater and seawater were continuously fed in at the bottom of the reactor. After 30 days, the size of struvite crystals had increased from 125 μm to 0.83 mm (seven times).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pidchaya Wongphudphad
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha-uthit Rd., Bangmod, Tungkru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand E-mail:
| | - Patiya Kemacheevakul
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha-uthit Rd., Bangmod, Tungkru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand E-mail: ; Center of Excellences on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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43
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Evaluating the Impacts of ACP Management on the Energy Performance of Hydrothermal Liquefaction via Nutrient Recovery. ENERGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/en12040729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is of interest in producing liquid fuels from organic waste, but the process also creates appreciable quantities of aqueous co-product (ACP) containing high concentrations of regulated wastewater pollutants (e.g., organic carbon, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P)). Previous literature has not emphasized characterization, management, or possible valorization of ACP wastewaters. This study aims to evaluate one possible approach to ACP management via recovery of valuable scarce materials. Equilibrium modeling was performed to estimate theoretical yields of struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) from ACP samples arising from HTL processing of selected waste feedstocks. Experimental analyses were conducted to evaluate the accuracy of theoretical yield estimates. Adjusted yields were then incorporated into a life-cycle energy modeling framework to compute energy return on investment (EROI) for the struvite precipitation process as part of the overall HTL life-cycle. Observed struvite yields and residual P concentrations were consistent with theoretical modeling results; however, residual N concentrations were lower than model estimates because of the volatilization of ammonia gas. EROI calculations reveal that struvite recovery is a net-energy producing process, but that this benefit offers little to no improvement in EROI performance for the overall HTL life-cycle. In contrast, corresponding economic analysis suggests that struvite precipitation may be economically appealing.
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44
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Struvite—An Innovative Fertilizer from Anaerobic Digestate Produced in a Bio-Refinery. ENERGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/en12020296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the results of a pot experiment aimed at the assessment of the fertilizer value of struvite, a precipitation product obtained from a liquid fraction of the digestate. The effects of struvite (STR), struvite + ammonium sulphate (STR + N) and ammonium phosphate (AP) treatments were examined on maize and grass cultivation on silty loam and loamy sand soil. The crop yields were found to depend on both the soil type and experimental treatment. Crop yields produced under STR and STR + N exceeded those under the control treatments by respectively 66% and 108% for maize, and 94% and 110% for grass. Crop yields under STR + N were similar or greater than those under the AP treatment. The nitrogen recovery by maize and grass reached respectively 68% and 62% from the struvite and 78% and 52% from AP. The phosphorus recovery by maize and grass reached 7.3% and 4.8%, respectively, from struvite (i.e., STR and STR + N), which was lower than that from the AP (18.4% by maize and 8.1% by grass).
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45
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Muhmood A, Lu J, Dong R, Wu S. Formation of struvite from agricultural wastewaters and its reuse on farmlands: Status and hindrances to closing the nutrient loop. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 230:1-13. [PMID: 30261440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To meet the needs of a fast growing global population, agriculture and livestock production have been intensified, resulting in environmental pollution, climate change, and soil health declining. Closing the nutrient circular loop is one of the most important sustainability factors that affect these issues. Apart from being a serious environmental issue, the discharge of N and P via agricultural wastewater is also a major factor that disturbs nutrient cycling in agriculture. In this study, the performance, in terms of recovery, of N and P (individually, as well as simultaneously) from agricultural wastewaters via struvite has been comparatively summarized. Details on the hindrances to nutrient recovery through struvite formation from agricultural effluents, along with strategies to overcome these hindrances, are provided. In addition, various strategies for recovery performance intensification and operational cost reduction are comprehensively discussed. This work will provide scientists and engineers with a better idea on how to solve the bottlenecks of this technique and integrate it successfully into their treatment systems, which will ultimately help close the nutrient loop in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Muhmood
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Lu
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Renjie Dong
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Shubiao Wu
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs, Gade 6B, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000C, Denmark.
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46
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Li B, Boiarkina I, Yu W, Huang HM, Munir T, Wang GQ, Young BR. Phosphorous recovery through struvite crystallization: Challenges for future design. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 648:1244-1256. [PMID: 30340270 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorous (P) is an essential element for living organisms and is predicted to be depleted within the next 100 years. Across the world, significant phosphorous losses due to its low utilization efficiency become one of the main reasons for water pollution. Struvite crystallization has been found to be a promising recovery technique to mitigate these problems, as the recovered precipitate can be used as a slow release fertilizer or raw material for chemical industry. Although this technique has been widely investigated over the past two decades, there are currently few real applications in industry. This paper addresses this issue by reviewing key aspects relevant to process design to pave the way for future application. It will help to narrow down struvite process design options and thus reduce the voluminous calculations for a detailed analysis. Struvite process development, research trend, product application and process economics are reviewed and a conceptual process design is provided. This analysis provides comprehensive information that is essential for future industrial struvite crystallization process design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Irina Boiarkina
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Hai Ming Huang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, China
| | - Tajammal Munir
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Guang Qian Wang
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Brent R Young
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
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47
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Optimization of Blended Biochar Pellet by the Use of Nutrient Releasing Model. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8112274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
For the recycling of biomass conversion materials, this experiment was conducted to investigate plant nutrient releasing characteristics, and to determine an optimum blended ratio of biochar for producing a biochar pellet based on a column leaching study. The treatments consisted of only pig manure compost (PMC) as a control, pig manure compost pellets (PMCP), and biochar pellets (BCP) blended with biochar and pig manure compost with the following ratios: 9:1, 8:2, 4:6, and 2:8. Results showed that the accumulated amount of ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) was in order of PMC > PMCP > BCP (2:8) > BCP (4:6) > BCP (8:2) > BCP (9:1) ratios. The highest accumulated amounts of phosphate phosphorus (PO4-P) and potassium (K) were 1953 and 1917 mg L−1 in the PMC and PMCP, but the lowest in the BCP (9:1) were 223 and 1078 mg L−1, respectively. It was shown that the highest accumulated amount of silicon dioxide (SiO2) was 2329 mg L−1 in the BCP (8:2), but the lowest in the PMC was 985 mg L−1. The estimations for accumulated NH4-N, PO4-P, K, and SiO2 releasing amounts in all the treatments were significantly fitted with a modified Hyperbola model. The optimum mixing rate was estimated to be BCP (2:8). Therefore, biochar pellets might be useful in obtaining basic information on slow-release fertilizer for sustainable agriculture.
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Ye Y, Ngo HH, Guo W, Liu Y, Chang SW, Nguyen DD, Liang H, Wang J. A critical review on ammonium recovery from wastewater for sustainable wastewater management. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 268:749-758. [PMID: 30076073 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.07.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The growing global population's demand for ammonium has triggered an increase in its supply, given that ammonium plays a crucial role in fertilizer production for the purpose of food security. Currently, ammonia used in fertilizer production is put through what is known as the industrial Haber Bosch process, but this approach is substantially expensive and requires much energy. For this reason, looking for effective methods to recover ammonium is important for environmental sustainability. One of the greatest opportunities for ammonium recovery occurs in wastewater treatment plants due to wastewater containing a large quantity of ammonium ions. The comprehensively and critically review studies on ammonium recovery conducted, have the potential to be applied in current wastewater treatment operations. Technologies and their ammonium recovery mechanisms are included in this review. Furthermore the economic feasibility of such processes is analysed. Possible future directions for ammonium recovery from wastewater are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyao Ye
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinh Duc Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China
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Kabdaşlı I, Tünay O. Nutrient recovery by struvite precipitation, ion exchange and adsorption from source-separated human urine – a review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/21622515.2018.1473504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Işık Kabdaşlı
- Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, İstanbul Technical University, Sarıyer, İstanbul, Republic of Turkey
| | - Olcay Tünay
- Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, İstanbul Technical University, Sarıyer, İstanbul, Republic of Turkey
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Peng L, Dai H, Wu Y, Peng Y, Lu X. A comprehensive review of phosphorus recovery from wastewater by crystallization processes. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 197:768-781. [PMID: 29407841 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The presence of phosphorus (P) in discharged wastewater can lead to water pollution events and eutrophication. Given the increasing consumption of phosphate (PO43-) rocks, wastewater containing large quantities of P is deemed as a potential source of P recovery. Crystallization of P is an ideal way to recover P because of its simple design, ease of operation, high efficiency, and limited environmental impact. This paper provides a comprehensive review of P recovery by crystallization processes with respect to the mechanisms involved, operational parameters that influence the quality of the crystal, and available seed materials for inducing crystallization. Various operational parameters including pH, molar ratio of participating ions, mixing intensity, reactor type, and seeding conditions, were detailedly investigated. Different kinds of seeds were reviewed critically with regard to their principal properties, application, and long-term prospects. Crystallized products with a high P content can be used directly as slow-release fertilizers for agricultural production, and some test methods have been developed to determine their efficiency as a fertilizer and to evaluate their availability for plants. Further, the feasibility of P recovery by crystallization was evaluated in terms of economic benefits and environmental sustainability. This work serves as a basis for future research of P recovery by crystallization processes and responses to the increasingly stringent problems of eutrophication and the growing depletion of P resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Peng
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, No. 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China; ERC Taihu Lake Water Environment (Wuxi), No. 99 Linghu Road, Wuxi 214135, China.
| | - Hongliang Dai
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, No. 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China; ERC Taihu Lake Water Environment (Wuxi), No. 99 Linghu Road, Wuxi 214135, China; School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, China.
| | - Yifeng Wu
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, No. 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Yonghong Peng
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, No. 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China; ERC Taihu Lake Water Environment (Wuxi), No. 99 Linghu Road, Wuxi 214135, China.
| | - Xiwu Lu
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, No. 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China; ERC Taihu Lake Water Environment (Wuxi), No. 99 Linghu Road, Wuxi 214135, China.
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