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Ramos-Guivar JA, Rueda-Vellasmin R, Manrique-Castillo EV, Mendoza-Villa F, Checca-Huaman NR, Passamani EC. Synthesis and Characterization of Maghemite Nanoparticles Functionalized with Poly(Sodium 4-Styrene Sulfonate) Saloplastic and Its Acute Ecotoxicological Impact on the Cladoceran Daphnia magna. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1581. [PMID: 38891527 PMCID: PMC11174764 DOI: 10.3390/polym16111581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Using a modified co-precipitation method, 11(2) nm γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles functionalized with PSSNa [Poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate)] saloplastic polymer were successfully synthesized, and their structural, vibrational, electronic, thermal, colloidal, hyperfine, and magnetic properties were systematically studied using various analytic techniques. The results showed that the functionalized γ-Fe2O3/PSSNa nanohybrid has physicochemical properties that allow it to be applied in the magnetic remediation process of water. Before being applied as a nanoadsorbent in real water treatment, a short-term acute assay was developed and standardized using a Daphnia magna biomarker. The ecotoxicological tests indicated that the different concentrations of the functionalized nanohybrid may affect the mortality of the Daphnia magna population during the first 24 h of exposure. A lethal concentration of 533(5) mg L-1 was found. At high concentrations, morphological changes were also seen in the body, heart, and antenna. Therefore, these results suggested the presence of alterations in normal growth and swimming skills. The main changes observed in the D. magna features were basically caused by the PSSNa polymer due to its highly stable colloidal properties (zeta potential > -30 mV) that permit a direct and constant interaction with the Daphnia magna neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A. Ramos-Guivar
- Grupo de Investigación de Nanotecnología Aplicada para Biorremediación Ambiental, Energía, Biomedicina y Agricultura (NANOTECH), Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Venezuela Cdra 34 S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima 15081, Peru; (J.A.R.-G.); (R.R.-V.); (F.M.-V.)
| | - Renzo Rueda-Vellasmin
- Grupo de Investigación de Nanotecnología Aplicada para Biorremediación Ambiental, Energía, Biomedicina y Agricultura (NANOTECH), Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Venezuela Cdra 34 S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima 15081, Peru; (J.A.R.-G.); (R.R.-V.); (F.M.-V.)
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29075-910, Brazil;
| | - Erich V. Manrique-Castillo
- Grupo de Investigación de Nanotecnología Aplicada para Biorremediación Ambiental, Energía, Biomedicina y Agricultura (NANOTECH), Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Venezuela Cdra 34 S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima 15081, Peru; (J.A.R.-G.); (R.R.-V.); (F.M.-V.)
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29075-910, Brazil;
| | - F. Mendoza-Villa
- Grupo de Investigación de Nanotecnología Aplicada para Biorremediación Ambiental, Energía, Biomedicina y Agricultura (NANOTECH), Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Venezuela Cdra 34 S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima 15081, Peru; (J.A.R.-G.); (R.R.-V.); (F.M.-V.)
| | - Noemi-Raquel Checca-Huaman
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), R. Xavier Sigaud, 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-180, Brazil;
| | - Edson C. Passamani
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29075-910, Brazil;
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Li X, Lian T, Su B, Liu H, Wang Y, Wu X, He J, Wang Y, Xu Y, Yang S, Li Y. Construction of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model of paclobutrazol and exposure estimation in the human body. Toxicology 2024; 505:153841. [PMID: 38796053 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Paclobutrazol (PBZ) is a plant growth regulator that can delay plant growth and improve plant resistance and yield. Although it has been widely used in the growth of medicinal plants, human beings may take it by taking traditional Chinese medicine. There are no published studies on PBZ exposure in humans or standardized limits for PBZ in medicinal plants. We measured the solubility, oil-water partition coefficient (logP), and pharmacokinetics of PBZ in rats and established a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of PBZ in rats. This was followed by extrapolation to healthy Chinese adult males as a theoretical foundation for future risk assessment of PBZ. The results showed that PBZ had low solubility and high fat solubility. Pharmacokinetic experiments showed that PBZ was absorbed rapidly but eliminated slowly in rats. On this basis, the rat PBPK model was successfully constructed and extrapolated to healthy Chinese adult males to predict the plasma concentration-time curve and exposure of PBZ in humans. The construction of the PBPK model of PBZ in this study facilitates the determination of the standard formulation limits and risk assessment of PBZ residues in medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Jinghai District, Tuanbo New City, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Tingting Lian
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Jinghai District, Tuanbo New City, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Buda Su
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Jinghai District, Tuanbo New City, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Hui Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Jinghai District, Tuanbo New City, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Yuming Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Jinghai District, Tuanbo New City, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Jinghai District, Tuanbo New City, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Junjie He
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Jinghai District, Tuanbo New City, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Yue Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Jinghai District, Tuanbo New City, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Yanyan Xu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Jinghai District, Tuanbo New City, Tianjin 301617, PR China.
| | - Shenshen Yang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Jinghai District, Tuanbo New City, Tianjin 301617, PR China.
| | - Yubo Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Jinghai District, Tuanbo New City, Tianjin 301617, PR China.
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Ionus E, Schröder V, Chiţescu CL, Bucur LA, Lupu CE, Dumitrescu DE, Popescu L, Mihai DP, Olaru OT, Nițulescu GM, Boscencu R, Gîrd CE. Phytochemical, In Vitro, In Vivo, and In Silico Research on the Extract of Ajuga chamaepitys (L.) Schreb. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1192. [PMID: 38732407 PMCID: PMC11085171 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The present study focuses on the chemical characterization of a dry extract obtained from the species Ajuga chamaepitys (L.) Schreb, evaluating its antioxidant properties, toxicity, and in silico profile. Quantitative analysis of the dry extract revealed a notable amount of phytochemical compounds: 59.932 ± 21.167 mg rutin equivalents (mg REs)/g dry weight, 45.864 ± 4.434 mg chlorogenic acid equivalents (mg ChAEs)/g dry weight and, respectively, 83.307 ± 3.989 mg tannic acid equivalents (TAEs)/g dry weight. By UHPLC-HRMS/MS, the following were quantified as major compounds: caffeic acid (3253.8 μg/g extract) and kaempherol (3041.5 μg/g extract); more than 11 types of polyphenolic compounds were quantified (genistin 730.2 μg/g extract, naringenin 395 μg/g extract, apigenin 325.7 μg/g extract, galangin 283.3 μg/g extract, ferulic acid 254.3 μg/g extract, p-coumaric acid 198.2 μg/g extract, rutin 110.6 μg/g extract, chrysin 90.22 μg/g extract, syringic acid 84.2 μg/g extract, pinocembrin 32.7 μg/g extract, ellagic acid 18.2 μg/g extract). The antioxidant activity was in accordance with the amount of phytochemical compounds: IC50DPPH = 483.6 ± 41.4 µg/mL, IC50ABTS•+ = 127.4 ± 20.2 µg/mL, and EC50FRAP = 491.6 ± 2 µg/mL. On the larvae of Artemia sp., it was found that the extract has a low cytotoxic action. In silico studies have highlighted the possibility of inhibiting the activity of protein kinases CDK5 and GSK-3b for apigenin, galangin, and kaempferol, with possible utility for treating neurodegenerative pathologies and neuropathic pain. Further studies are warranted to confirm the predicted molecular mechanisms of action and to further investigate the therapeutic potential in animal models of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elis Ionus
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (E.I.); (L.P.); (O.T.O.); (G.M.N.); (R.B.); (C.E.G.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Constanţa “Ovidius”, 6 Căpitan Aviator Al. Șerbănescu Street, Campus C, 900001 Constanţa, Romania; (L.A.B.); (C.E.L.); (D.-E.D.)
| | - Verginica Schröder
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Constanţa “Ovidius”, 6 Căpitan Aviator Al. Șerbănescu Street, Campus C, 900001 Constanţa, Romania; (L.A.B.); (C.E.L.); (D.-E.D.)
| | - Carmen Lidia Chiţescu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos”, University of Galaţi, 35 A.I. Cuza Street, 800010 Galați, Romania;
| | - Laura Adriana Bucur
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Constanţa “Ovidius”, 6 Căpitan Aviator Al. Șerbănescu Street, Campus C, 900001 Constanţa, Romania; (L.A.B.); (C.E.L.); (D.-E.D.)
| | - Carmen Elena Lupu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Constanţa “Ovidius”, 6 Căpitan Aviator Al. Șerbănescu Street, Campus C, 900001 Constanţa, Romania; (L.A.B.); (C.E.L.); (D.-E.D.)
| | - Denisa-Elena Dumitrescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Constanţa “Ovidius”, 6 Căpitan Aviator Al. Șerbănescu Street, Campus C, 900001 Constanţa, Romania; (L.A.B.); (C.E.L.); (D.-E.D.)
| | - Liliana Popescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (E.I.); (L.P.); (O.T.O.); (G.M.N.); (R.B.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Dragoș Paul Mihai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (E.I.); (L.P.); (O.T.O.); (G.M.N.); (R.B.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Octavian Tudorel Olaru
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (E.I.); (L.P.); (O.T.O.); (G.M.N.); (R.B.); (C.E.G.)
| | - George Mihai Nițulescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (E.I.); (L.P.); (O.T.O.); (G.M.N.); (R.B.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Rica Boscencu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (E.I.); (L.P.); (O.T.O.); (G.M.N.); (R.B.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Cerasela Elena Gîrd
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (E.I.); (L.P.); (O.T.O.); (G.M.N.); (R.B.); (C.E.G.)
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Ivan IM, Popovici V, Chițescu CL, Popescu L, Luță EA, Ilie EI, Brașoveanu LI, Hotnog CM, Olaru OT, Nițulescu GM, Boscencu R, Gîrd CE. Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Potential of Capsicum annuum (L.) Dry Hydro-Ethanolic Extract. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:245. [PMID: 38399299 PMCID: PMC10892411 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Capsicum annuum (L.) is one of the essential spices most frequently used in our daily routine and has remarkable ethnobotanical and pharmacological properties. Its fruits are rich in vitamins, minerals, carotenoids, and numerous other phenolic metabolites with a well-known antioxidant activity. Regular consumption of chili fruits may have a positive influence on human health. Therefore, we investigated a commercially available chili fruit powder in the present study, extracting it with 50% ethanol. The dried hydro-ethanolic extract (CAE) was thoroughly analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS/MS), and 79 bioactive phenolic constituents were identified. Then, we quantified the main phenolic compounds and found a polyphenol content of 4.725 ± 1.361 mg Eq tannic acid/100 g extract and a flavonoid amount of 1.154 ± 0.044 mg Eq rutin/100 g extract. Phenolic secondary metabolites are known for their dual redox behavior as antioxidants/pro-oxidants, underlying their numerous benefits in health and disease. Thus, the antioxidant potential of CAE was evaluated using three methods; our results could explain the protective effects of chili fruits: IC50DPPH = 1.669 mg/mL, IC50ABTS = 0.200 mg/mL, and EC50FRAP = 0.561 mg/mL. The pro-oxidant potential of phenolic compounds could be a basis for CAE cytotoxicity, investigated in vitro on tumor cell lines and in vivo on Daphnia sp. Results demonstrated the dose- and time-dependent CAE's cytotoxic activity; the highest antiproliferative activity was recorded on colon (LoVo) and breast (MDA-MB-231) cancer cell lines after 48 h of exposure (IC50 values < 200 µg/mL). In vivo testing on Daphnia sp. reported a potent CAE cytotoxicity after 48 h and embryonic developmental delays. Extensive data analyses support our results, showing a significant correlation between the CAE's concentration, phenolic compound content, antioxidant activity, exposure time, and the viability rate of different tested cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionuț Mădălin Ivan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (I.M.I.); (L.P.); (E.A.L.); (E.I.I.); (G.M.N.); (R.B.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Violeta Popovici
- “Costin C. Kiriţescu” National Institute of Economic Research—Center for Mountain Economics (INCE-CEMONT), Romanian Academy, 725700 Vatra-Dornei, Romania
| | - Carmen Lidia Chițescu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galați, A.I. Cuza 35, 800010 Galați, Romania;
| | - Liliana Popescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (I.M.I.); (L.P.); (E.A.L.); (E.I.I.); (G.M.N.); (R.B.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Emanuela Alice Luță
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (I.M.I.); (L.P.); (E.A.L.); (E.I.I.); (G.M.N.); (R.B.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Elena Iuliana Ilie
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (I.M.I.); (L.P.); (E.A.L.); (E.I.I.); (G.M.N.); (R.B.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Lorelei Irina Brașoveanu
- Center of Immunology, “Stefan S. Nicolau” Institute of Virology, Romanian Academy, 285 Mihai Bravu Ave., 030304 Bucharest, Romania; (L.I.B.); (C.M.H.)
| | - Camelia Mia Hotnog
- Center of Immunology, “Stefan S. Nicolau” Institute of Virology, Romanian Academy, 285 Mihai Bravu Ave., 030304 Bucharest, Romania; (L.I.B.); (C.M.H.)
| | - Octavian Tudorel Olaru
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (I.M.I.); (L.P.); (E.A.L.); (E.I.I.); (G.M.N.); (R.B.); (C.E.G.)
| | - George Mihai Nițulescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (I.M.I.); (L.P.); (E.A.L.); (E.I.I.); (G.M.N.); (R.B.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Rica Boscencu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (I.M.I.); (L.P.); (E.A.L.); (E.I.I.); (G.M.N.); (R.B.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Cerasela Elena Gîrd
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (I.M.I.); (L.P.); (E.A.L.); (E.I.I.); (G.M.N.); (R.B.); (C.E.G.)
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Mishra M. Daphnia magna as a Model Organism to Predict the Teratogenic Effect of Different Compounds. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2753:261-281. [PMID: 38285344 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3625-1_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
For aquatic ecosystem Daphnia magna is evolving as a model organism to check the teratogenicity of numerous compounds. D. magna can be easily cultured in the laboratory, and the teratogen effect of several compounds can be easily studied. The developmental stages are well studied in D. magna. All the developmental stages are transparent so the defect can be easily accessed. So, the postembryonic developmental changes can be easily studied after the exposure with teratogen. More importantly, D. magna also have a swimming behavioral phenotype. The behavioral defect can be easily accessed after teratogen exposure. The current chapter summarizes numerous protocols associated with embryo and adult staining and adult behavioral assays that can be used to access the teratogenicity of any unknown compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa Mishra
- Neural Developmental Biology Lab, Department of Life Science, NIT Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, India.
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Kala S, Jawle CKD, Singh MK, Sogan N, Singh H, Shukla G, Agarwal A, Takhur LK, Kumar J. Pomegranate Resembling Design of Starch Sago Beads Encapsulates Nanopyriproxyfen, Enabling Slow Release and Improved Bioactivity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:1843-1858. [PMID: 36539955 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contamination by intense insecticide usage is consistently proposed as a significant contributor to major hazards; further, disturbing non-target populations provoke a grave concern worldwide as they play essential roles in ecosystems. Pyriproxyfen is one of the most widely used pesticides; however, due to its probable toxicity, its global application in large amounts may result in water concentrations that exceed regulatory pollution thresholds. Herein, we describe nanopyriproxyfen-loaded sago beads (PPX-NCB) designed for the slow release of pyriproxyfen (PPX). Our design is inspired by the composite structure of sago beads, composed of several small beads resembling a pomegranate. The microscopic beads accumulate chitosan-PPX-nanomicelles cross-linked with tripolyphosphate via physical absorption, offering adequate room for water absorption and subsequent PPX release. PPX-NCB had distinct effects on the immature egg and larva of Anopheles stephensi, limiting embryonic development in the eggs while enhancing bioactivity. It affects the integument of larvae and alters the surface hydrocarbons of eggs and larvae. In addition, PPX-NCB demonstrates an improved safety profile in non-target Daphnia magna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Kala
- Institute of Pesticide Formulation Technology (IPFT), Gurugram122016, Haryana, India
| | - Chetan K D Jawle
- Institute of Pesticide Formulation Technology (IPFT), Gurugram122016, Haryana, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Singh
- Institute of Pesticide Formulation Technology (IPFT), Gurugram122016, Haryana, India
| | - Nisha Sogan
- Department of Botany, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi110019, India
| | - Himmat Singh
- National Institute of Malaria Research (NIMR), Delhi110077, India
| | - Gaurav Shukla
- Department of Statistics and Computer Science, Banda University of Agriculture & Technology (BUAT), Banda210001, India
| | - Amrish Agarwal
- Institute of Pesticide Formulation Technology (IPFT), Gurugram122016, Haryana, India
| | - L K Takhur
- Institute of Pesticide Formulation Technology (IPFT), Gurugram122016, Haryana, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- Institute of Pesticide Formulation Technology (IPFT), Gurugram122016, Haryana, India
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Li C, Huang L, Zhang Y, Guo X, Cao N, Yao C, Duan L, Li X, Pang S. Effects of triazole plant growth regulators on molting mechanism in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:646-653. [PMID: 36330873 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rice crab co-culture is a new integrated farming model in China. The application of triazole plant growth regulators (PRGs) is often used as an advantageous option to combat rice lodging. However, there is still a gap regarding the toxicity of these PRGs on the growth and development of the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis, E. sinensis). Here the effect of triazoles (paclobutrazol and uniconazole) on the molting mechanism of E. sinensis was investigated. Monitoring of regulatory genes associated with molting showed that the two PRGs were found to inhibit the expression of ecdysteroid hormone (EH), ecdysteroid receptors gene (EcR), and retinoid X receptors gene (RXR) and induce secretion of molt-inhibiting hormone (MIH) gene. In addition, the activities of chitinase (CHIA) and N-acetyl-β-d-aminoglucosidase (β-NAGase) were also inhibited by exposure to PRGs. Exposure to PRGs also elevated the mRNA expression of the growth-related myostatin gene (MSTN). These results revealed that there is a long-term risk of exposure to triazoles PRGs that may inhibit molting and affect normal development and immune system of E. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsheng Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Institute of Cultural Heritage and History of Science & Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Huang
- Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100125, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuanjun Guo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Niannian Cao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlian Yao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Liusheng Duan
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sen Pang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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Salesa B, Sancho E, Ferrando-Rodrigo MD, Torres-Gavilá J. The prochloraz chronic exposure to Daphnia magna derived in biochemical alterations of F0 generation daphnids and malformed F1 progeny. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135848. [PMID: 35948089 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, D. magna individuals were exposed to several sublethal prochloraz concentrations (87, 130, 170, 230 and 380 μg/L) for 21 days according to; the previous acute toxicity results. The fungicide effects on reproduction, survival, individual size, and growth population rate were evaluated after an exposure of 21 days, and no changes were observed compared to the control group. On the other hand, F1 generation neonates were collected and their external morphology evaluated; to estimate if the fungicide concentrations used induced effects during oogenesis and; embryogenesis processes. Neonates from parents which were previously exposed to 170 μg/L and higher concentrations were malformed since 16-d of exposure onward. All animals presented the same malformation: asymmetrical shell morphology and separated valves that did not cover the complete animal body regardless of the; concentration. The biochemical parameters tested in the broodstock were cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and LDH activity. At the end of the chronic exposure experiment, cholesterol and triglycerides remained unaltered while glucose and the LDH enzyme levels increased significantly. The results of the present work showed a direct effect of; prochloraz on D. magna individual growth, along with mobilization of some; biochemical intermediate metabolism. A daphnid stress response as a result of the fungicide presence in the medium could be an explanation for the metabolic disorders. On the other hand, the F1 malformed neonates found in the present study suggested an effect of prochloraz among different daphnid generations and more studies would be necessary in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Salesa
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering Lab, Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, C/Guillem de Castro 94, 46001, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Encarnación Sancho
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Dept. Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology. Faculty of Biology. University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Dolores Ferrando-Rodrigo
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Dept. Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology. Faculty of Biology. University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Torres-Gavilá
- Instituto de Investigación en Medio Ambiente y Ciencia Marina (IMEDMAR-UCV). C/Guillem de Castro 94, 46001, Valencia, Spain
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9
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Lari E, Jeong TY, Labine LM, Simpson MJ. Metabolomic analysis predicted changes in growth rate in Daphnia magna exposed to acetaminophen. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 249:106233. [PMID: 35779485 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As urbanization and the global population increases, pollutants associated with municipal wastewater such as pharmaceuticals are becoming more prevalent in aquatic environments. Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is a widely used drug worldwide and one of the most frequently detected pharmaceuticals in freshwater ecosystems. This study investigated the impact of acetaminophen on the metabolite profile of Daphnia magna at two life stages; and used these metabolomic findings to hypothesize a potential impact at a higher organismal level which was subsequently tested experimentally. Targeted polar metabolite analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to measure changes in the concentration of 51 metabolites in the neonate (> 24 h old) and adult (8 day-old) daphnids following a 48-h exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of acetaminophen. The impact of acetaminophen on the metabolic profile of neonates was widely different from adults. Also, acetaminophen exposure perturbed the abundance of nucleotides more extensively than other metabolites. The acute metabolomic experimental results led to the hypotheses that exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of acetaminophen upregulates protein synthesis in D. magna and subsequently increases growth during early life stages and has an opposite impact on adults. Accordingly, a 10 day growth rate experiment indicated that exposure to acetaminophen elevated biomass production in neonates but not in adults. These novel findings demonstrate that a targeted analysis and interpretation of the changes in the polar metabolic profile of organisms in response to environmental stressors could be used as a tool to predict changes at higher biological levels. As such, this study further emphasizes the incorporation of molecular-level platforms as critical and robust tools in environmental assessment frameworks and biomonitoring of aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Lari
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tae-Yong Jeong
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences and Environmental NMR Centre, University of Toronto Scarborough, Ontario, Canada; Department of Environmental Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, 81, Oedae-ro, Mohyeon-eup, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17035, Republic of Korea
| | - Lisa M Labine
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences and Environmental NMR Centre, University of Toronto Scarborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Myrna J Simpson
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences and Environmental NMR Centre, University of Toronto Scarborough, Ontario, Canada.
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10
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Wang L, Bian C, Dong Z, Liu L, Huang C, Li B, Li Y. Analytical method for the determination of guvermectin residues in rice environment by the QuEChERS method combined with HPLC. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Bordin ER, Munhoz RC, Panicio PP, de Freitas AM, Ramsdorf WA. Effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of atrazine and glyphosate herbicides, isolated and in mixture, on two generation of the freshwater microcrustacean Daphnia magna. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 31:884-896. [PMID: 35585359 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-022-02554-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The herbicides atrazine and glyphosate are used worldwide and their excessive usage results in the frequent presence of these pesticides in environmental compartments. We evaluated the effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of analytical standards and commercial formulations of atrazine (2 µg L-1) and glyphosate (65 µg L-1), isolated and in mixture (2 + 65 µg L-1) on the microcrustacean Daphnia magna. Through chronic exposure (21 days) of two generations, we observed effects on survival, reproductive capacity and responses of the antioxidant defense system (catalase) and biotransformation system (glutathione S-transferase). The survival of organisms was affected in the second generation (F1) with a mortality of 17% in the mixture of commercial formulations treatments. In the evaluation of the first generation (F0) we observed only effects on sexual maturation of organisms, while in the F1, changes were observed in all parameters evaluated. A statistical difference (p < 0.05) was also observed between the analytical standards and the commercial formulations for all parameters evaluated, indicating that other components present in the formulations can change the toxicity of products. We suggest that atrazine can modulate toxicity when mixed with glyphosate, as the standard analytical atrazine and mixture of analytical standards results were similar in most parameters. Given the difficulty in estimating effects of mixtures and considering that various stressors are found in the environment, our results support the need to carry out long-term studies and, above all, to verify what are the impacts across generations, so that the toxicity of products is not underestimated. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda Roberta Bordin
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Renan César Munhoz
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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12
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Gong G, Kam H, Chen H, Chen Y, Cheang WS, Giesy JP, Zhou Q, Lee SMY. Role of endocrine disruption in toxicity of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) to early-life stages of Zebrafish. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 232:113287. [PMID: 35149407 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), classified as a "plant hormone", is an important ingredient in production of "toxic bean sprouts". Although there is no direct evidence of adverse effects, its hazardous effects have received some attention and aroused furious debate between proponents and environmental regulators. In this study, potential adverse effects of 6-BA were investigated by exposing zebrafish in vivo to 0.2 - 25 mg 6-BA/L. Results indicated that, when exposure was limited to early-life stage (4-36 hpf), 20 mg 6-BA/L caused early hatching, abnormal spontaneous movement, and precocious hyperactivity in zebrafish embryos/larvae. While under a continuous exposure regime, 6-BA at 0.2 mg/L was able to cause hyperactive locomotion and transcription of genes related to neurogenesis (gnrh3 and nestin) and endocrine systems (cyp19a and fshb) in 5 dpf larvae. Quantification by use of LC/MS indicated bioaccumulation of 6-BA in zebrafish increased when exposed to 0.2 or 20 mg 6-BA/L. These results suggested that 6-BA could accumulate in aquatic organisms and disrupt neuro-endocrine systems. Accordingly, exposure to 0.2 mg 6-BA/L increased production of estradiol (E2) and consequently E2/T ratio in zebrafish larvae, which directly indicated 6-BA is estrogenic. In silico simulations demonstrated potential for binding of 6-BA to estrogen receptor alpha (ERa) and cytochrome P450 aromatase (CYP19A). Therefore, induction of estrogenic effects, via potential interactions with hormone receptors or disturbance of downstream transcription signaling, was possible mechanism underlying the toxicity of 6-BA. Taken together, these findings demonstrate endocrine disrupting properties of 6-BA, which suggest concerns about risks posed to endocrine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyi Gong
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang 524045, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
| | - Hiotong Kam
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Hanbin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Wai San Cheang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - John P Giesy
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada; Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, United States
| | - Qiaohong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Simon Ming-Yuen Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
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13
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Afsa S, Vieira M, Nogueira AF, Mansour HB, Nunes B. A multi-biomarker approach for the early assessment of the toxicity of hospital wastewater using the freshwater organism Daphnia magna. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:19132-19147. [PMID: 34713402 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16977-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hospital wastewater (HWW) contains different hazardous substances resulting from a combination of medical and non-medical activities of hospitals, including pharmaceutical residues. These substances may represent a threat to the aquatic environment if they do not follow specific treatment processes. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of the untreated effluent collected from a general hospital in Mahdia City (Tunisia) on neonatal stages of the freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna. Test organisms were exposed to three proportions (3.12%, 6.25%, and 12.5% v/v) of HWW. After 48 h of exposure, a battery of biomarkers was measured, including the quantification of antioxidant enzymes [catalase (CAT) and total and selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (total GPx; Se-GPx)], phase II biotransformation isoenzymes glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs), cyclooxygenases (COX) involved in the regulation of the inflammatory process, and total cholinesterases (ChEs) activities. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) was measured to estimate oxidative damage. The here-obtained results showed significant decreases of CAT and GSTs activities and also on LPO content in daphnids, whereas Se-GPx activity was significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner. Impairment of cholinesterasic and COX activities were also observed, with a significant decrease of ChEs and an increase of COX enzymatic activities. Considering these findings, HWW was capable of inducing an imbalance of the antioxidant defense system, but without resulting in oxidative damage in test organisms, suggesting that peroxidases and alternative detoxifying pathways were able to prevent the oxidant potential of several drugs, which were found in the tested effluents. In general, this study demonstrated the toxicity of hospital effluents, measured in terms of the potential impairment of key pathways, namely neurotransmission, antioxidant defense, and inflammatory homeostasis of crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrine Afsa
- Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied to The Environment - APAE (UR17ES32) Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology of Mahdia, University of Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Madalena Vieira
- Centro de Estudos Do Ambiente E Do Mar (CESAM), Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Filipa Nogueira
- Centro de Estudos Do Ambiente E Do Mar (CESAM), Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Hedi Ben Mansour
- Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied to The Environment - APAE (UR17ES32) Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology of Mahdia, University of Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Bruno Nunes
- Centro de Estudos Do Ambiente E Do Mar (CESAM), Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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14
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Mandal S, Poi R, Banerjee K, Ansary I, Bhattacharyya S, Hazra DK, Ghosh R, Karmakar R. Bioefficacy, residue dynamics and dietary risk assessment of gibberellic acid in improving the potential yield of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:652. [PMID: 34528153 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09456-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of gibberellic acid (GA3) to promote fruit growth and yield has necessitated research into its trace level determination and estimation in harvested product. The phytohormone has increased the tomato yield (tonne ha-1) up to 24.7% with uniform fruit shape, size colour and lustre. A fast, simple, high-throughput analytical method was standardised based on electrospray ionisation - liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The samples were extracted using acidified (1% formic acid) methanol. The method was validated as per the SANTE/12682/2019 guidelines. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.01 and 0.05 mg kg-1. The average recoveries at LOQ and higher levels were in the range of 86-108% with relative standard deviation (RSD) < 20%. The validated method was successfully applied under field condition by following first-order kinetics with half-lives (T1/2) 1.76 days (recommended dose) and 1.99 days (double dose). The estimated pre-harvest intervals (PHIs) were 6 days (recommended dose) and 8 days (double dose). Studies on dietary risk assessment concluded that even after spray of GA3 at recommended dose, the harvested produce (tomato) could be consumed safely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swagata Mandal
- Network Project On Pesticide Residues, Directorate of Research, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India
- Department of Chemistry, Burdwan University, Bardhaman, West Bengal, 712104, India
| | - Rajlakshmi Poi
- Network Project On Pesticide Residues, Directorate of Research, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Kaushik Banerjee
- National Reference Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, India
| | - Inul Ansary
- Department of Chemistry, Burdwan University, Bardhaman, West Bengal, 712104, India
| | - Sudip Bhattacharyya
- Network Project On Pesticide Residues, Directorate of Research, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Dipak Kumar Hazra
- Network Project On Pesticide Residues, Directorate of Research, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Rajarshi Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Burdwan University, Bardhaman, West Bengal, 712104, India
| | - Rajib Karmakar
- Network Project On Pesticide Residues, Directorate of Research, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India.
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15
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Luo Y, Lu S, Sun X, Gao Y, Sun G, Yang M, Sun X. Paclobutrazol exposure induces apoptosis and impairs autophagy in hepatocytes via the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22874. [PMID: 34351037 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Paclobutrazol (PBZ), one of the most widely used plant growth retardants in vegetables, fruits, and traditional Chinese medicine ingredients, exposes people to adverse events. In this study, HepaRG hepatocytes were cultured and exposed to PBZ (360 μM) in vitro to determine its mechanism. Results showed that PBZ exposure inhibited cell viability in a time- and dose-dependent manner and increased the oxidative stress and apoptosis ratio in HepaRG cells. These data revealed that the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has an important role in PBZ-induced cell apoptosis, which is mediated by impaired autophagy and blocked by the AMPK activator. In conclusion, PBZ exposure induces apoptosis and impairs autophagy in hepatocytes via the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Lu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Gao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guibo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Meihua Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
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16
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Lambert FN, Gracy HR, Gracy AJ, Yoon SH, Scott RW, Rincon DM, Vulpe CD. Effects of ultraviolet-filters on Daphnia magna development and endocrine-related gene expression. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 238:105915. [PMID: 34329859 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) filters are emerging contaminants of concern that are widely spread throughout the aquatic environment. Many organic UV filters are endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in vertebrates. However, few studies have assessed their effects on invertebrates. Molting, or the shedding of the exoskeleton, may be affected by exposure to these compounds in Arthropods (the largest phylum of invertebrates). Molting is necessary for growth and development and is regulated by an arthropod specific endocrine system, the ecdysteroid pathway. Alterations of this process by EDCs can result in improper development, reduced growth, and even death. We investigated the sublethal effects of chronic exposure to three organic UV filters (4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4MBC), octylmethoxycinnamate (OMC), and benzophenone-3 (BP3) in a crustacean, Daphnia magna, with particular emphasis on molting and development. We demonstrate that 4MBC, OMC, and BP3 affect development and long-term health in neonates of exposed parents at concentrations of 130 µg/L, 75 µg/L, and 166 µg/L, respectively. Additionally, the expression of endocrine-related genes (including ultraspiracle protein, usp) are significantly altered by 4MBC and BP3 exposure, which may relate to their developmental toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F N Lambert
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida.
| | - H R Gracy
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida
| | - A J Gracy
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida
| | - S H Yoon
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida
| | - R W Scott
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida
| | - D M Rincon
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida
| | - C D Vulpe
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida
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17
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Park HS, Behzadi Tayemeh M, Yu IJ, Johari SA. Evaluation of silver nanowires (AgNWs) toxicity on reproductive success of Daphnia magna over two generations and their teratogenic effect on embryonic development. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 412:125339. [PMID: 33951881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the reproductive toxicity of silver nanowires (AgNWs) in Daphnia magna over two consecutive generations. An acute immobilization test was conducted according to the ΟECD 202 guidelines. To perform reproductive toxicity tests in both F0 and F1 generations, the animals were exposed to different concentrations of AgNWs (0, 0.4, 2, 10, and 50 µg L-1) and pyriproxyfen (0.4 µg L-1), as a positive control, based on the ΟECD 211 principles. Overall, AgNWs were acutely toxic to D. magna with EC50 value of 0.063 mg L-1. Compared to the control groups, AgNWs disrupted reproductive performances of D. magna through increasing the egg development time and time to production of first brood as well as decreasing the total offspring production and molting frequency in both F0 and F1 generations. After exposure to AgNWs, the number of male neonates and non-reproductive females increased in the F0 generation, whereas just male neonates raised in the F1 generation. Moreover, AgNWs caused several congenital anomalies including underdeveloped antennae, 2nd antennae, malpighian tube, rostrum, sensory bristles, tail spine, and malformed eyes. Together, AgNWs could disrupt reproductive health of D. magna, and these types of bioperturbations could dramatically change the good health state of aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Seon Park
- DT & CRO, 46, Yurim-ro, 154 Beon-gil, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mohammad Behzadi Tayemeh
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416, 66177-15175 Sanandaj, Iran; Department of Zrebar Lake Environmental Research, Kurdistan Studies Institute, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Il Je Yu
- HCT CO., LTD., Icheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seyed Ali Johari
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416, 66177-15175 Sanandaj, Iran; Department of Zrebar Lake Environmental Research, Kurdistan Studies Institute, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
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18
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Moreira RA, de Araujo GS, Silva ARRG, Daam MA, Rocha O, Soares AMVM, Loureiro S. Effects of abamectin-based and difenoconazole-based formulations and their mixtures in Daphnia magna: a multiple endpoint approach. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 29:1486-1499. [PMID: 32388636 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02218-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the toxicity of pesticide formulations Kraft® 36 EC (active ingredient-a.i. abamectin) and Score® 250 EC (a.i. difenoconazole), and their mixtures in Daphnia magna at different biological levels of organization. Survival, reproduction and biochemical markers (cholinesterase (ChE), catalase (CAT) and lipid peroxidation (LPO)) were some of the endpoints evaluated. Total proteins and lipids were also studied together with energy consumption (Ec). D. magna neonates were exposed for 96 h to Kraft (2, 4, and 6 ng a.i./L) and Score (12.5, 25, and 50 µg a.i./L) for the biochemical experiments, and for 15 days to abamectin (1-5 ng a.i./L) and to difenoconazole (3.12-50 µg a.i./L) to assess possible changes in reproduction. Exposures of organisms to both single compounds did not cause effects to antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes, except for LPO occurring at the highest concentration of difenoconazole tested. For ChE and CAT there was enzymatic induction in mixture treatments organisms, occurring at minor pesticides concentrations for CAT and at the two highest concentrations for ChE. There were no significant differences for total protein in D. magna but lipids showed an increase at the highest concentrations of pesticide mixture combinations. There was a significant increase of Ec in individuals of all treatments tested. In the chronic test, increased fecundity occurred for D. magna under difenoconazole exposures and mixtures. This study demonstrated that mixtures of these pesticides caused greater toxicity to D. magna than when tested individually, except for Ec. Therefore, effects of mixtures are very hard to predict only based on information from single compounds, which most possibly is the result of biological complexity and redundancy in response pathways, which need further experimentation to become better known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Aparecida Moreira
- NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos, 13.560-970, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Michiel Adriaan Daam
- CENSE, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, New University of Lisbon, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Odete Rocha
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Susana Loureiro
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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19
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Wang J, Yang Y, Huang Y, Zhang X, Huang Y, Qin WC, Wen Y, Zhao YH. Evaluation of modes of action of pesticides to Daphnia magna based on QSAR, excess toxicity and critical body residues. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 203:111046. [PMID: 32888614 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural pesticides serve as effective controls of unwanted weeds and pests. However, these same chemicals can exert toxic effects in non-target organisms. To determine chemical modes of action, the toxicity ratio (TR) and critical body residues (CBRs) of 57 pesticides were calculated for Daphnia magna. Results showed that the CBR values of inert compounds were close to a constant while the CBR values of pesticides varied over a wider range. Although herbicides are categorized as specifically-acting compounds to plants, herbicides did not exhibit excess toxicity to Daphnia magna and were categorized as inert compounds with an average logTR = 0.41, which was less than a threshold of one. Conversely, fungicides and insecticides exhibited strong potential for toxic effects to Daphnia magna with an average logTR >2. Many of these chemicals act via disruption of the nervous, respiratory, or reproductive system, with high ligand-receptor binding activity which leads to higher toxicity for Daphnia magna. Molecular docking using acetylcholinesterase revealed that fungicides and insecticides bind more easily with the biological macromolecule when compared with inert compounds. Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis revealed that the toxicity of fungicides was mainly dependent upon the heat of formation and polar surface area, while the toxicity of insecticides was more related to hydrogen-bond properties. This comprehensive analysis reveals that there are specific differences in toxic mechanisms between fungicides and insecticides. These results are useful for determining relative risk associated with pesticide exposure to aquatic crustaceans, such as Daphnia magna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, PR China
| | - Yi Yang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, PR China
| | - Ying Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, PR China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, PR China
| | - Yu Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, PR China
| | - Wei C Qin
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, PR China
| | - Yang Wen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Pollution Control, The Education Department of Jilin Province, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jilin Normal University, Siping, Jilin, 136000, PR China.
| | - Yuan H Zhao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, PR China.
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Wang S, Ma L, Xu Y, Wang Y, Zhu N, Liu J, Dolfing J, Kerr P, Wu Y. The unexpected concentration-dependent response of periphytic biofilm during indole acetic acid removal. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 303:122922. [PMID: 32044647 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Due to its extensive application in agriculture as a germinating agent and growth promoter, indole acetic acid (IAA) is present in a variety of aquatic ecosystems. To explore the response of microbial aggregates to exogenous IAA in aquatic ecosystems, periphytic biofilm, a typical microbial aggregate, was exposed to IAA at different concentrations. Results reveal an unexpected concentration-dependent effect of IAA on periphytic biofilm. Concentrations of IAA less than 10 mg/L inhibit periphytic growth, but stimulate growth when the IAA concentration exceeds 50 mg/L. Periphytic biofilm adapts to different IAA concentrations by antioxidant enzyme activation, community structure optimization and carbon-metabolism pattern change, and promotes bioremediation of IAA contaminated water in the process. The removal rates of IAA reached up to 95%-100%. This study reveals the capacity of periphytic biofilm for IAA removal in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sichu Wang
- Zigui Ecological Station for Three Gorges Dam Project, State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lan Ma
- Zigui Ecological Station for Three Gorges Dam Project, State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; Agricultural Service Center of Qiandeng Town, 442 North Jingtang Road, Qiandeng Town, Kunshan 215300, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Zigui Ecological Station for Three Gorges Dam Project, State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Zigui Ecological Station for Three Gorges Dam Project, State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; School of Resources, Environmental & Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ningyuan Zhu
- Zigui Ecological Station for Three Gorges Dam Project, State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Junzhuo Liu
- Zigui Ecological Station for Three Gorges Dam Project, State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jan Dolfing
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Kerr
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Boorooma Street, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - Yonghong Wu
- Zigui Ecological Station for Three Gorges Dam Project, State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 7RU, United Kingdom.
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21
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Ouyang Q, Liu X, Tan R, Guo L, Liu F, Wan Y. Polyclonal antibody-based indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for screening of paclobutrazol in fruits. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2019; 55:250-256. [PMID: 31694450 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2019.1685319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Paclobutrazol (PBZ) is a plant growth regulator (PGR) widely used in fruit and vegetable cultivation. However, due to the severe toxicity of PBZ, a sub-ppm level maximum residue limit (MRL) was established worldwide. Therefore, it is significant to propose a rapid, sensitive and high throughput screening method for monitoring the PBZ residues in foods. In this study, a simple and sensitive indirect competitive Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA) was established for PBZ detection in fruits basing polyclonal antibody. For both economy and pollution prevention, a microwave-solvent-free method was used to synthesize the PBZ hapten with high efficiency. The detection conditions, such as coating antigen concentration, antibody concentration, organic reagent concentration, ionic strength and pH, were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, this method showed high sensitivity and specificity. The detection range is 1.27-138.23 ng/mL, half-maximum inhibition concentration (IC50) is 13.26 ng/mL, and the IC20 was lower than the reported ELISAs for PBZ. Additionally, this method had high accuracy and precision. The recoveries were ranged from 88.78% to 96.80% in PBZ spiked apple samples with RSD below 4%. All the results showed that the polyclonal antibody based icELISA could be useful for PBZ screening in fruit samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuli Ouyang
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiangxiang Liu
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Rongxia Tan
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Lan Guo
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
- Center of Analysis and Testing, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Fan Liu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
- Center of Analysis and Testing, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Yiqun Wan
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
- Center of Analysis and Testing, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
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22
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Gong G, Kam H, Tse Y, Lee SM. Cardiotoxicity of forchlorfenuron (CPPU) in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and H9c2 cardiomyocytes. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 235:153-162. [PMID: 31255755 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Forchlorfenuron (CPPU), as a plant growth regulator or herbicide/pesticide, is widely used in agriculture worldwide. It is adopted by most farmers due to its high efficacy for boosting size and improving the quality of fruit. However, CPPU was implicated in, and gained notoriety due to an incident of exploding watermelon that occurred in 2011. Subsequently, the wider community became aware of the potential risks it posed to living organisms and the ecosystem. In this study, we evaluated the effects of CPPU on the survival, cardiac morphology and function, as well as hematopoietic system, of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Notably, CPPU (2.5-12.5 μg/ml) induced cardiac morphology deformation, cardiac contractile dysfunction and erythrocyte reduction in zebrafish. Consistently, the mRNA expression levels of several cardiac and hematopoietic gene markers (myl7, gata4, mef2c, amhc, vmhc and gata1) were altered by CPPU treatment. In addition, CPPU caused cytotoxicity, cytoskeleton destruction and reduced corresponding proteins (Myl7, Gata4 and Mef2c) expression in H9c2 cardiomyocytes in vitro. Taken together, this study has identified the cardiotoxicity of CPPU in different experimental models and enhanced our understanding on the mechanism underlying the toxicity of CPPU to living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyi Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hiotong Kam
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yuchung Tse
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Simon Mingyuen Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
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Nian Q, Ai L, Li D, Chen X, Zhang L, Wang M, Wang X. Rapid monitoring of plant growth regulators in bean sprouts via automated on-line polymeric monolith solid-phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:7239-7247. [PMID: 30151683 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1334-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An automated on-line solid-phase extraction (SPE) following liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was established for the fast determination of plant growth regulator residues in soybean sprout and mung bean sprout. The crude extracted specimens were directly purified on a poly (2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolithic column which was well-defined as the on-line SPE adsorbent. Under the optimized conditions, the developed method gave the linear range of 0.3-50 ng/mL for gibberellin and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 0.2-50 ng/mL for 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, and 0.5-50 ng/mL for 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (r ≥ 0.998). The detection limits (S/N = 3) ranged from 1.0 to 2.5 μg/kg and the recoveries for spiked soybean sprout samples were in the range of 75.0-93.3%. Besides, the total time for one analysis was 16 min. The reusability of the monolith was up to 600 extractions. The proposed process facilitated fully automated SPE and accurate determination in one step with rapidity, simplicity, and reliability. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixun Nian
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
| | - Lianfeng Ai
- Hebei Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, No. 318, Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
| | - Xuelei Chen
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
| | - Manman Wang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China.
| | - Xuesheng Wang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
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24
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Laborda P, Ling J, Chen X, Liu F. ACC Deaminase from Lysobacter gummosus OH17 Can Promote Root Growth in Oryza sativa Nipponbare Plants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:3675-3682. [PMID: 29578708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although Lysobacter species are a remarkable source of natural compounds with antibacterial and antifungal activities, the ability of these bacteria to produce plant growth promoters remains practically unknown. In this work, the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) has been isolated from the secretions of Lysobacter gummosus OH17, indicating the presence of an ACC deaminase, which was shown to be encoded in the gene peg_1256. The recombinant enzyme could not only deaminate ACC to provide 2-oxobutanoic acid but also catalyzed the amination of the 2-oxobutanoic acid, demonstrating, for the first time, that ACC deaminases can produce ACC. After the treatment of rice Oryza sativa Nipponbare plants with OH17 ACC deaminase, the ethylene production levels were 44% higher in comparison with the control experiments, allowing significant improvements in root, 10%, and stem, 14%, growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Laborda
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210014 , Peoples Republic of China
| | - Jun Ling
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210014 , Peoples Republic of China
| | - Xian Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210014 , Peoples Republic of China
| | - Fengquan Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210014 , Peoples Republic of China
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25
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Denaeghel HER, Van Laere K, Leus L, Lootens P, Van Huylenbroeck J, Van Labeke MC. The Variable Effect of Polyploidization on the Phenotype in Escallonia. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:354. [PMID: 29616065 PMCID: PMC5869194 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
To induce new variation within the Escallonia genus, chromosome doubling was performed in E. rubra, E. rosea, and E. illinita, three important species within this genus of mainly evergreen woody ornamental species. Obtained tetraploids and diploid controls were analyzed for rooting capacity, leaf and flower characteristics, and plant architecture using image analysis and cold tolerance. In the present study, a breeders' collection of 23 accessions was characterized cytogenetically and described morphologically. All analyzed species and cultivars were diploid (2n = 2x = 24), with exception of E. pendula, a tetraploid. Today, breeding in Escallonia is limited to lucky finds in seedling populations and few efforts in interspecific hybridization. Three selected Escallonia species underwent an in vitro chromosome doubling with both oryzalin and trifluralin applied as either a continuous or shock treatment. The treatments successfully induced polyploids in all three species. Image analysis revealed that tetraploid E. rosea had decreased shoot length (from 3.8 to 1.3 cm), higher circularity and more dense growth habit compared to diploids. No significant changes in cold tolerance were seen. Tetraploid E. illinita did not differ in shoot length, but an increased outgrowth of axillary buds on the main axis led to denser plants. For tetraploid E. rubra, an increase in plant height (from 4.9 to 5.5 cm) was observed together with a large decrease in circularity and density due to a more polar outgrowth of branches on the main axis. E. rubra tetraploids bore larger flowers than diploids and had an increased cold tolerance (from -7.7 to -11.8°C). Leaf width and area of tetraploids increased for both E. illinita and E. rubra, while a decrease was seen in E. rosea genotypes. For all three species, the rooting capacity of the tetraploids did not differ from the diploids. We conclude that the effect of polyploidization on Escallonia was highly variable and species dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne E. R. Denaeghel
- Applied Genetics and Breeding, Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Melle, Belgium
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katrijn Van Laere
- Applied Genetics and Breeding, Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Melle, Belgium
| | - Leen Leus
- Applied Genetics and Breeding, Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Melle, Belgium
| | - Peter Lootens
- Applied Genetics and Breeding, Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Melle, Belgium
| | - Johan Van Huylenbroeck
- Applied Genetics and Breeding, Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Melle, Belgium
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Qi S, Wang D, Zhu L, Teng M, Wang C, Xue X, Wu L. Neonicotinoid insecticides imidacloprid, guadipyr, and cycloxaprid induce acute oxidative stress in Daphnia magna. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 148:352-358. [PMID: 29096261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cycloxaprid (CYC) and guadipyr (GUA) are two new and promising neonicotinoid insecticides whose effects on Daphnia magna are as yet unknown. In this study, the acute toxicities of CYC and GUA to D. magna, including immobilization and embryo-hatching inhibition, and their effects on antioxidant enzymes and related gene expression were determined after a 48-h exposure. Imidacloprid (IMI) was evaluated at the same time as a reference agent. The 48-h EC50 values of IMI, GUA, and CYC for neonate immobilization were 13.0-16.5mg/L and for embryo hatching were 11.3-16.2mg/L. The specific activity of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were interfered by IMI, but not by GUA and CYC, while the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was significantly increased by IMI, but inhibited by GUA and CYC. The relative expressions of the Sod-Cu/Zn, Sod-Mn, Cat, and Ache genes were usually inhibited by IMI, GUA, and CYC, except for Cat by CYC, Ache by GUA, and Sods by IMI. For vitellogenin genes with a SOD-like domain (Vtg1/2-sod), relative expression was increased by IMI and inhibited by GUA and CYC, indicating that IMI, GUA, and CYC have potential toxicity toward reproduction. CYC and GUA are highly active against IMI-resistant pests, and considering the similar toxicity of IMI to D. magna, CYC and GUA are suitable for use in future integrated pest management systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzhen Qi
- Risk Assessment Laboratory for Bee Products Quality and Safety of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China; College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Donghui Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Lizhen Zhu
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Miaomiao Teng
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Chengju Wang
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Xue
- Risk Assessment Laboratory for Bee Products Quality and Safety of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Liming Wu
- Risk Assessment Laboratory for Bee Products Quality and Safety of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China.
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Xu Z, Lei P, Pang X, Li H, Feng X, Xu H. Exogenous application of poly-γ-glutamic acid enhances stress defense in Brassica napus L. seedlings by inducing cross-talks between Ca 2+, H 2O 2, brassinolide, and jasmonic acid in leaves. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 118:460-470. [PMID: 28743039 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a microbe-secreted isopeptide shown to promote growth and enhance crop stress tolerance. However, its downstream signaling pathways are unknown. Here, we studied γ-PGA-induced tolerance to salt and cold stresses. Pretreatment with γ-PGA contributed to enhance stress tolerance of canola seedlings by promoting proline accumulation and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) improvement. Further, Ca2+, H2O2, brassinolide, and jasmonic acid were found to be involved in the γ-PGA-induced process. First, using signal blockers, we concluded that γ-PGA activated Ca2+ fluctuations in canola seedling leaves. Second, the activated Ca2+ further elicited H2O2 production by Ca2+-binding proteins CBL9, CPK4, and CPK5. Third, the H2O2 signal promoted brassinolide and jasmonic acid biosynthesis by upregulating key genes (DWF4 and LOX2, respectively) for synthesizing these compounds. Lastly, brassinolide and jasmonic acid increased H2O2 which promoted proline accumulation and T-AOC improvement and further enhanced Ca2+-binding proteins including CaM, CBL10, and CPK9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongqi Xu
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China.
| | - Peng Lei
- Nanjing Institute for Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plants, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xiao Pang
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Huashan Li
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Xiaohai Feng
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Hong Xu
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China.
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Cao S, Zhou X, Li X, Tang B, Ding X, Xi C, Hu J, Chen Z. Determination of 17 Plant Growth Regulator Residues by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Triple Quadrupole Linear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry Based on Modified QuEChERS Method. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-0885-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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The microbe-secreted isopeptide poly-γ-glutamic acid induces stress tolerance in Brassica napus L. seedlings by activating crosstalk between H 2O 2 and Ca 2. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41618. [PMID: 28198821 PMCID: PMC5304171 DOI: 10.1038/srep41618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a microbe-secreted isopeptide that has been shown to promote growth and enhance stress tolerance in crops. However, its site of action and downstream signaling pathways are still unknown. In this study, we investigated γ-PGA-induced tolerance to salt and cold stresses in Brassica napus L. seedlings. Fluorescent labeling of γ-PGA was used to locate the site of its activity in root protoplasts. The relationship between γ-PGA-induced stress tolerance and two signal molecules, H2O2 and Ca2+, as well as the γ-PGA-elicited signaling pathway at the whole plant level, were explored. Fluorescent labeling showed that γ-PGA did not enter the cytoplasm but instead attached to the surface of root protoplasm. Here, it triggered a burst of H2O2 in roots by enhancing the transcription of RbohD and RbohF, and the elicited H2O2 further activated an influx of Ca2+ into root cells. Ca2+ signaling was transmitted via the stem from roots to leaves, where it elicited a fresh burst of H2O2, thus promoting plant growth and enhancing stress tolerance. On the basis of these observation, we propose that γ-PGA mediates stress tolerance in Brassica napus seedlings by activating an H2O2 burst and subsequent crosstalk between H2O2 and Ca2+ signaling.
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Cui F, Chai T, Qian L, Wang C. Effects of three diamides (chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole and flubendiamide) on life history, embryonic development and oxidative stress biomarkers of Daphnia magna. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 169:107-116. [PMID: 27870931 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The diamides have become one of the most promising new classes of insecticides. In this study, we evaluated the toxicity of three diamides (chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole and flubendiamide) to Daphnia magna. The acute toxicity test showed that the 48-h EC50 of chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole and flubendiamide were 8.5, 23.9 and 63.5 μg/L, respectively. Biochemical measurements revealed a significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) in D. magna after acute exposure to the three diamides. A significant decrease in activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) was observed, which was consistent with the down-regulated transcription of antioxidant genes sod and gpx. Catalase (CAT) activity exhibited a significant increase while the related gene cat showed no obvious change in daphnids acutely exposed to the three diamides. The chronic test revealed that the three diamides could cause lethal and sub-lethal effects on daphnids within constricted range of concentrations at μg/L level. The 21-d EC50 of chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole and flubendiamide for mobility were 5.0, 13.6 and 36.8 μg/L, respectively. The chronic LOEC of chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole and flubendiamide based on survival, growth and reproduction of D. magna were 4.05, 10.24 and 19.36 μg/L, respectively. Moreover, these three diamides can induce severe developmental abnormalities in D. magna embryos including underdeveloped second antennae, curved tail spine and abnormal body region after acute exposure and the 48-h EC50 were 6.2, 14.1 and 30.8 μg/L for chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole and flubendiamide respectively. Our findings indicate that even low levels of diamides can pose ecological risks to aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Cui
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Chai
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Qian
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengju Wang
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Cui F, Chai T, Liu X, Wang C. Toxicity of three strobilurins (kresoxim-methyl, pyraclostrobin, and trifloxystrobin) on Daphnia magna. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:182-189. [PMID: 27283376 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Strobilurins constitute a new class of fungicides that is the most widely used in the world. The present study was conducted to investigate the aquatic toxicity of 3 common strobilurin fungicides (kresoxim-methyl, pyraclostrobin, and trifloxystrobin) to Daphnia magna. The neonate acute immobilization test showed that the 48-h 50% effective concentration (EC50) values of kresoxim-methyl, pyraclostrobin, and trifloxystrobin were 443.3 µg/L, 20.9 µg/L, and 23.0 µg/L, respectively. In addition, the 3 strobilurins significantly induced activity of the important detoxification enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST) in D. magna, and there was a significant positive relationship between GST activity and immobility of D. magna after acute exposure. The 3 strobilurins showed higher toxicity to D. magna embryos, and the 48-h EC50 were 157.3 µg/L, 3.9 µg/L, and 1.7 µg/L for kresoxim-methyl, pyraclostrobin, and trifloxystrobin, respectively. The 21-d chronic test revealed that the strobilurins could also significantly affect the reproduction, development, and growth of D. magna at sublethal concentrations. The lowest-observed-effect concentrations of kresoxim-methyl, pyraclostrobin, and trifloxystrobin for reproduction were 20 µg/L, 0.15 µg/L, and 0.2 µg/L, respectively, which were close to environmental concentrations. The findings indicate that strobilurin fungicides are very toxic to D. magna and they are sufficient to cause harm to D. magna at environmentally relevant concentrations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:182-189. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Cui
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Chai
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxu Liu
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengju Wang
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Oropesa AL, Floro AM, Palma P. Assessment of the effects of the carbamazepine on the endogenous endocrine system of Daphnia magna. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:17311-21. [PMID: 27225007 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6907-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the endocrine activity of the antiepileptic pharmaceutical carbamazepine (CBZ) in the crustacean Daphnia magna was assessed. To assess the hormonal activity of the drug, we exposed maternal daphnids and embryos to environmental relevant concentrations of CBZ (ranging from 10 to 200 μg/L) and to mixtures of CBZ with fenoxycarb (FEN; 1 μg/L). Chronic exposure to CBZ significantly decreased the reproductive output and the number of molts of D. magna at 200 μg/L. This compound induced the production of male offspring (12 ± 1.7 %), in a non-concentration-dependent manner, acting as a weak juvenile hormone analog. Results showed that this substance, at tested concentrations, did not antagonize the juvenoid action of FEN. Further, CBZ has shown to be toxic to daphnid embryos through maternal exposure interfering with their normal gastrulation and organogenesis stages but not producing direct embryo toxicity. These findings suggest that CBZ could act as an endocrine disruptor in D. magna as it decreases the reproductive output, interferes with sex determination, and causes development abnormality in offspring. Therefore, CBZ could directly affect the population sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Oropesa
- Unidad de Toxicología, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, 06071, Spain.
| | - A M Floro
- Departamento de Tecnologias e Ciências Aplicadas, Escola Superior Agrária de Beja, Beja, 7801-295, Portugal
| | - P Palma
- Departamento de Tecnologias e Ciências Aplicadas, Escola Superior Agrária de Beja, Beja, 7801-295, Portugal
- CIMA-Centro de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, CIMA, FCT, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal
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Cao S, Zhou X, Xi C, Tang B, Ding X, Zhang L, Hu J, Chen Z, Li X. Cleaning Up Vegetable Samples Using a Modified “QuEChERS” Procedure for the Determination of 17 Plant Growth Regulator Residues by Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography–Triple Quadrupole Linear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-015-0397-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Liu S, He H, Huang X, Jin Q, Zhu G. Comparison of extraction solvents and sorbents in the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method for the determination of pesticide multiresidue in fruits by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:3525-32. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoying Liu
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics; Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Huali He
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics; Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Xihui Huang
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics; Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Quan Jin
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics; Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Guonian Zhu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou P. R. China
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Giardini JL, Yan ND, Heyland A. Consequences of calcium decline on the embryogenesis and life history of Daphnia magna. J Exp Biol 2015; 218:2005-14. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.123513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ambient calcium is declining in thousands of soft-water lake habitats in temperate regions as a consequence of unsustainable forestry practices, decreased atmospheric calcium deposition, and acidic deposition. As their exoskeleton is heavily reinforced with calcium, freshwater crustaceans have a high specific calcium requirement relative to other aquatic organisms. Daphnia in particular, is an ideal crustacean for investigating the consequences of calcium decline because it is an abundant and important member of freshwater zooplankton communities. Although it has been established that adult and juvenile Daphnia have different tolerances to low ambient calcium as a result of their different life stage specific calcium requirements, the consequences of declining calcium on embryonic development have never been investigated. Here we describe the distribution of calcium in embryonic stages of D. magna and introduce a novel and easy to use staging scheme. We then tested whether calcium can be traced from mothers to their offspring. Finally we assessed fitness consequences of maternal provisioning in limiting calcium environments. We found that while embryos require calcium for their development and molting they do not equilibrate with environmental calcium levels. Instead we were able to trace calcium from mothers to their offspring. Furthermore our data strongly suggest that females are faced with an allocation trade-off between providing calcium to their offspring and using it for growth and molting. Together these data provide novel insights into the consequences of calcium decline for freshwater zooplankton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie-Lee Giardini
- University of Guelph, Integrative Biology, 50 Stone Rd East, Guelph, Ontario N1G-2W1, Canada
| | - Norman D. Yan
- York University, Department of Biology, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario M3J-1P3, Canada
| | - Andreas Heyland
- University of Guelph, Integrative Biology, 50 Stone Rd East, Guelph, Ontario N1G-2W1, Canada
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Lee SM, Kim JY, Lee HJ, Chang MI, Chae YS, Rhee GS. Establishment of analytical method for 6-benzylaminopurine residue, a plant growth regulator for brown rice, mandarin, pepper, potato, and soybean by using GC/NPD. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13765-013-4251-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Liu X, Wan Y. Simultaneous determination of 2-naphthoxyacetic acid and indole-3-acetic acid by first derivation synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 111:230-236. [PMID: 23651742 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A simple, rapid, sensitive and selective method for simultaneously determining 2-naphthoxyacetic acid (BNOA) and Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA) in mixtures has been developed using derivation synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy based on their synchronous fluorescence. The synchronous fluorescence spectra were obtained with Δλ=100 nm in a pH 8.5 NaH2PO4-NaOH buffer solution, and the detected wavelengths of quantitative analysis were set at 239 nm for BNOA and 293 nm for IAA respectively. The over lapped fluorescence spectra were well separated by the synchronous derivative method. Under optimized conditions, the limits of detection (LOD) were 0.003 μg/mL for BNOA and 0.012 μg/mL for IAA. This method is simple and expeditious, and it has been successfully applied to the determination of 2-naphthoxyacetic acid and indole-3-acetic acid in fruit juice samples with satisfactory results. The samples were only filtrated through a 0.45 μm membrane filter, which was free from the tedious separation procedures. The obtaining recoveries were in the range of 83.88-87.43% for BNOA and 80.76-86.68% for IAA, and the relative standard deviations were all less than 5.0%. Statistical comparison of the results with high performance liquid chromatography Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS) method revealed good agreement and proved that there were no significant difference in the accuracy and precision between these two methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Liu
- Center of Analysis and Testing, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
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Le TTY, Peijnenburg WJGM. Modeling toxicity of mixtures of perfluorooctanoic acid and triazoles (triadimefon and paclobutrazol) to the benthic cladoceran Chydorus sphaericus. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:6621-6629. [PMID: 23683067 DOI: 10.1021/es4001104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and triazoles, that is, paclobutrazol (PBZ) and triadimefon (TDF), singly and in binary mixtures was assessed on the benthic cladoceran Chydorus sphaericus. Following single exposure, toxicity of PBZ was not significantly different from that of TDF as shown by the overlapping 95% confidence intervals of their median effective concentrations: EC50(PBZ) = 0.07-0.09 mM; EC50(TDF) = 0.066-0.078 mM. PFOA was far less toxic than these triazoles: EC50(PFOA) = 0.20-0.24 mM. Assuming no interactions between PFOA and the triazoles, the toxicity of PFOA in mixtures with the triazoles estimated by the concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA) models was significantly lower than its toxicity in single exposure. This contrasted with the results for PBZ and TDF. Based on the assumption that PFOA may interact with the triazoles, different predictions were obtained by the two models. Significant alleviation of PBZ and TDF on the toxicity of PFOA was found by the extended CA model only. According to the extended IA model, PFOA had nonsignificant effects on the toxicity of PBZ while significantly increasing the toxicity of TDF. This difference is possibly related to different modes of actions for various functional groups in PBZ and TDF.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Yen Le
- Laboratory for Ecological Risk Assessment, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven 3720 BA, The Netherlands
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Peng J, Xiao Y, Cao H, Zhang L, Tang J. Determination of Pirimicarb and Paclobutrazol Pesticide Residues in Food by HPLC-ESI-MS with a Novel Sample Preparation Method. ANAL LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2012.708955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ton SS, Chang SH, Hsu LY, Wang MH, Wang KS. Evaluation of acute toxicity and teratogenic effects of disinfectants by Daphnia magna embryo assay. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2012; 168:54-61. [PMID: 22591789 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Three common disinfectants were selected in this study to investigate their toxicity to Daphnia magna. The methods used in this study included the traditional acute toxicity test, new embryo toxicity test, and teratogenic test. The study concluded that the acute toxicity of the three disinfectants to young daphnids and embryos were hypochlorite > formaldehyde > m-cresol. The effects on growth mostly occurred in the late stages of organogenesis. Of the organs, the Malpighian tube was the most sensitive to disinfectants during embryonic organogenesis. After exposure of the disinfectants to sunlight for 4 h, acute toxicity and teratogenic effects of hypochlorite on young daphnids decreased by 30% and 71%, respectively, while those of formaldehyde decreased by 35% and 49%, respectively. In addition, comparing toxic endpoints of the three disinfectants with and without sunlight exposure, the embryo tests were equally sensitive to the three-week reproduction test in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shin Ton
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung 407, Taiwan, ROC
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