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Yang D, Kow KW, Wang W, Meredith W, Zhang G, Mao Y, Xu M. Co-treatment of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash and alumina-/silica-containing waste: A critical review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 479:135677. [PMID: 39226688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI-FA) is a hazardous by-product of the incineration process, characterized by elevated levels of heavy metals, chlorides, and dioxins. With a composition high in calcium but low in silicon/aluminum, MSWI-FA exhibits a poor immobilization effect, high energy demands, and limited pozzolanic activity when it is disposed of or reutilized alone. Conversely, alumina-/silica-containing waste (ASW) presents a chemical composition rich in SiO2 and/or Al2O3, offering an opportunity for synergistic treatment with MSWI-FA to facilitate its harmless disposal and resource recovery. Despite the growing interest in co-treatment of MSWI-FA and ASW in recent years, a comprehensive evaluation of ASW's roles in this process remains absent from the existing literature. Therefore, this study endeavors to examine the advancement in the co-treatment of MSWI-FA and ASW, with the focus on three key aspects, i.e., elucidating the immobilization mechanisms by which ASW improves the solidification/stabilization of MSWI-FA, exploring the synergies between MSWI-FA and ASW in various thermal and mechanochemical treatments, and highlighting the benefits of incorporating ASW in the production of MSWI-FA-based building materials. Additionally, in the pursuit of sustainable solid waste management, this review identifies research gaps and delineates future prospects for the co-treatment of MSWI-FA and ASW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daokui Yang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, and New Materials Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Carbonaceous Waste Processing and Process Intensification of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
| | - Kien-Woh Kow
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, and New Materials Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Carbonaceous Waste Processing and Process Intensification of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenlong Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
| | - Will Meredith
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England, UK
| | - Guanlin Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, and New Materials Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Carbonaceous Waste Processing and Process Intensification of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanpeng Mao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China.
| | - Mengxia Xu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, and New Materials Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Carbonaceous Waste Processing and Process Intensification of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang, China.
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Cao W, Lv X, Ban J, Lu JX, Liu Z, Chen Z, Poon CS. High-efficient stabilization and solidification of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash by synergy of alkali treatment and supersulfated cement. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 355:124261. [PMID: 38815891 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (IFA) designated as hazardous waste poses risks to environment and human health. This study introduces a novel approach for the stabilization and solidification (S/S) of IFA: a combined approach involving alkali treatment and immobilization in low-carbon supersulfated cement (SSC). The impact of varying temperatures of alkali solution on the chemical and mineralogical compositions, as well as the pozzolanic reactivity of IFA, and the removal efficiency of heavy metals and metallic aluminum (Al) were examined. The physical characteristics, hydration kinetics and effectiveness of SSC in immobilizing IFA were also analyzed. Results showed that alkali treatment at 25 °C effectively eliminated heavy metals like manganese (Mn), barium (Ba), nickel (Ni), and chromium (Cr) to safe levels and totally removed the metallic Al, while enhancing the pozzolanic reactivity of IFA. By incorporating the alkali-treated IFA and filtrate, the density, compressive strength and hydration reaction of SSC were improved, resulting in higher hydration degree, finer pore structure, and denser microstructure compared to untreated IFA. The rich presence of calcium-aluminosilicate-hydrate (C-(A)-S-H) and ettringite (AFt) in SSC facilitated the efficient stabilization and solidification of heavy metals, leading to a significant decrease in their leaching potential. The use of SSC for treating Ca(OH)2- and 25°C-treated IFA could achieve high strength and high-efficient immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Cao
- Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xuesen Lv
- Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiaxing Ban
- Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian-Xin Lu
- Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ze Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Chi Sun Poon
- Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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Jiao G, Wei Y, Liao Q, Liu S, Tang S, Li Z. A systematic comparison of salt removal efficiency in washing treatment by using fly ashes from 13 MSWI plants in China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 358:120831. [PMID: 38603850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash contains large amounts of Ca, Si, and other elements, giving it the potential to be used as a raw material for cement production. However, fly ash often contains a high content of salts, which greatly limits its blending ratio during cement production. These salts are commonly removed via water washing, but this process is affected by the nature and characteristics of fly ash. To clarify the influence of the ash characteristics on salt removal, a total of 60 fly ash samples from 13 incineration plants were collected, characterized, and washed. The ash characterization and cluster analysis showed that the incinerator type and flue gas purification technology/process significantly influenced the ash characteristics. Washing removed a high percentage of salts from fly ash, but the removal efficiencies varied significantly from each other, with the chlorine removal efficiency ranging from 73.76% to 96.48%, while the sulfate removal efficiency ranged from 6.92% to 51.47%. Significance analysis further revealed that the salt removal efficiency varied not only between the ash samples from different incinerators, but also between samples collected at different times from the same incinerator. The high variance of the 60 ash samples during salt removal was primarily ascribed to their different mineralogical and chemical characteristics. Mineralogical analysis of the raw and washed ash samples showed that the mineralogical forms and proportion of these salts in each ash sample greatly influenced their removal. The presence of less-soluble and insoluble chloride salts (e.g., CaClOH, Ca2Al(OH)6(H2O)2Cl etc.) in fly ash significantly affected the chlorine removal efficiency. This study also found that Fe, Mn, and Al in fly ash were negatively correlated with the dechlorination efficiency of fly ash. In summary, the different physical and chemical properties of fly ash caused great discrepancies in salt removal. Consequently, it is suggested to consider the potential impact of the ash source and ash generation time on salt removal to ensure a reliable treatment efficiency for engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangzhen Jiao
- Department of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, PR China
| | - Yunmei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China.
| | - Qin Liao
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Sijie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Shengjun Tang
- Urban Planning and Design Institute of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Zihan Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, PR China
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Li J, Xiao X, Li H, Zhao Z, Guan C, Li Y, Hou X, Wang W. Emission characteristics of condensable particulate matter during the production of solid waste-based sulfoaluminate cement: Compositions, heavy metals, and preparation impacts. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 355:141871. [PMID: 38570052 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Recycling solid waste for preparing sulfoaluminate cementitious materials (SACM) represents a promising approach for low-carbon development. There are drastic physical-chemical reactions during SACM calcination. However, there is a lack of research on the flue gas pollutants emissions from this process. Condensable particulate matter (CPM) has been found to constitute the majority of the primary PM emitted from various fuel combustion. In this study, the emission characteristics of CPM during the calcination of SACM were determined using tests in both a real-operated kiln and laboratory experiments. The mass concentration of CPM reached 96.6 mg/Nm3 and occupied 87% of total PM emission from the SACM kiln. Additionally, the mass proportion of SO42- in the CPM reached 93.8%, thus indicating that large quantities of sulfuric acid mist or SO3 were emitted. CaSO4 was one key component for the formation of main mineral ye'elimite (3CaO·3Al2O3·CaSO4), and its decomposition probably led to the high SO42- emission. Furthermore, the use of CaSO4 as a calcium source led to SO42- emission factor much higher than conventional calcium sources. Higher calcination temperature and more residence time also increased SO42- emission. The most abundant heavy metal in kiln flue gas and CPM was Zn. However, the total condensation ratio of heavy metals detected was only 40.5%. CPM particles with diameters below 2.5 μm and 4-20 μm were both clearly observed, and components such as Na2SO4 and NaCl were conformed. This work contributes to the understanding of CPM emissions and the establishment of pollutant reduction strategies for waste collaborative disposal in cement industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Li
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Solid Waste Green Materials, National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250014, China.
| | - Xin Xiao
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Solid Waste Green Materials, National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250014, China
| | - Haogen Li
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Solid Waste Green Materials, National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250014, China
| | - Zhonghua Zhao
- State Grid Shandong Electric Power Research Institute, Ji'nan, 250003, China
| | - Chuang Guan
- Shandong Guoshun Construction Group, Ji'nan, 250399, China
| | - Yuzhong Li
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Solid Waste Green Materials, National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250014, China
| | - Xiangshan Hou
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Solid Waste Green Materials, National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250014, China
| | - Wenlong Wang
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Solid Waste Green Materials, National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250014, China
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5
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Chen K, Han S, Meng F, Lin L, Li J, Gao Y, Qin W, Jiang J. Acid controlled washing of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash: Extraction of calcium inhibiting heavy metals and reaction kinetics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 909:168599. [PMID: 37981132 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Washing method has attracted much attention in the research of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash treatment and resource utilization. However, the controlled leaching of heavy metals and the extraction of recyclable calcium in the washing process are still blank. Acid controlled washing was conducted with different acids, concentrations, times and temperatures to extract calcium while inhibiting heavy metals. The mechanism was investigated by reaction kinetics calculation and washed fly ash characterization. The high Ca concentration of 37,420 mg/L while the low heavy metal concentrations of around or <1 mg/L were achieved at 25 °C for 60 min under a liquid-solid ratio (L/S) of 3/1 in 1.5 M HCl. The reaction kinetics of acid controlled washing conformed the layer diffusion control. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) analysis indicated that the rate-limiting step was the diffusion of ions through the product layer. Simultaneously, the washing solution enriched in Ca, Na and K and the washed fly ash, which met the standard requirements (HJ 1134-2020) for leach toxicity, both had the potential for further resource utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailun Chen
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Siyu Han
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fanzhi Meng
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Li Lin
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jinglin Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuchen Gao
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Weikai Qin
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianguo Jiang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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6
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Lin S, Lv G, Khalid Z, Jiang X, Yan J. Process optimization and mechanism for removal of high-concentration chlorine from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash washing wastewater by Friedel's salt. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 349:119542. [PMID: 37956519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Waterwashing is an important pretreatment method for the reuse of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash. However, the presence of high levels of chlorides and small amounts of sulfides in the waterwashing solution makes it difficult to treat and reuse. Therefore, in this study, a calcium sulfate- Friedel's salt precipitation method was used to dechlorinate and desulfurize in the MSWI fly ash washing solution. This paper mainly focused on the chloride removal, and the effects of factors such as reagent ratios, temperature, and reaction time on chloride removal rate and the two-stage dechlorination and desulfurization process were optimized. The experimental results indicated that when the ratio in the first stage was n(Ca):n(Al):n(Cl) = 3:1.5:1, and in the second stage, n(Ca):n(Al):n(Cl) = 8:4:1, a chloride removal rate of up to 90.5% and a sulfide removal rate of over 99.88% could be obtained. The deposited particles were analyzed by using FE-SEM, XRD, and FTIR to investigate their size, morphology, phase composition, and functional groups. The study revealed that excessively high or low reagent ratios could reduce the interlayer spacing of Friedel's salt. Additionally, high temperatures led to the decomposition of Friedel's salt, and the dechlorination efficiency was affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunda Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, PR China; Zhejiang University Qingshanhu Energy Research Center, Lina, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Guojun Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, PR China; Zhejiang University Qingshanhu Energy Research Center, Lina, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Zeinab Khalid
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, PR China; Zhejiang University Qingshanhu Energy Research Center, Lina, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xuguang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, PR China; Zhejiang University Qingshanhu Energy Research Center, Lina, Hangzhou, PR China.
| | - Jianhua Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, PR China; Zhejiang University Qingshanhu Energy Research Center, Lina, Hangzhou, PR China
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Ma X, He T, Da Y, Xu Y, Wan Z. Physical properties, chemical composition, and toxicity leaching of incineration fly ash by multistage water washing. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:80978-80987. [PMID: 37310603 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28170-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Incineration fly ash contains a large amount of chloride, which limits the scope of its resource utilization. Water washing effectively removes chlorides and soluble substances, increasing the ability to dispose of them. The properties of incineration fly ash after multi-level water washing have been studied, providing theoretical guidance for the safe disposal of water-washed ash at all levels. Taking a practical project as an example, this paper analyzed the impact of three-stage countercurrent water washing on the physicochemical properties and toxicity leaching of incineration fly ash with different washing grades by XRD, BET, XRF, SEM, and ICP-MS. The results showed that with the improvement of washing grade, the removal rate of chloride ions was more than 86.96%. However, due to the removal of soluble substances, dioxins enriched from 98 ng-TEQ/kg of raw ash to 359 ng-TEQ/kg of tertiary washed incineration fly ash. Cr, Cu, and Zn also increased from 40.35 mg/L, 356.55 mg/L, and 3290.58 mg/L of raw ash to 136.30 mg/L, 685.75 mg/L, and 5157.88 mg/L, respectively. Pozzolanic activity had increased from 40.56% of the raw ash to 74.12% of the tertiary-washed incineration fly ash. There was no risk of excessive heavy metal leaching, and the dioxin content was lower than the raw ash in the primary washed incineration fly ash. After multi-stage water washing, incineration fly ash accumulated heavy metals, so more attention must be paid to the issue of heavy metal content in the safe disposal process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Ma
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi'an, 710055, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Tingshu He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi'an, 710055, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongqi Da
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi'an, 710055, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongdong Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi'an, 710055, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhenmin Wan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi'an, 710055, Shaanxi, China
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Wang H, Zhao B, Zhu F, Chen Q, Zhou T, Wang Y. Study on the reduction of chlorine and heavy metals in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash by organic acid and microwave treatment and the variation of environmental risk of heavy metals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 870:161929. [PMID: 36736397 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash usually needs to undergo dechlorination or heavy metal stabilization pretreatment for further treatment, recycling or disposal. In this paper, the removal effect of chlorine in fly ash by water washing, lactic acid, citric acid and microwave treatment was studied, and XANES was used to analyze chlorine chemical form in fly ash. In addition, the heavy metals in fly ash were also checked. The results indicated that double washing and triple washing could remove 88.0 % and 95.5 % of chlorine from fly ash respectively. The "double water washing + microwave/organic acid" could remove about 96.6 % of chlorine, and 42.9 % and 47.2 % of insoluble chloride respectively. The microwave treatment could maximize the stabilization of heavy metals with a BI value of 39.1 %, 0.11 %, 1.65 %, 15.4 % and 3.98 % for Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn. The elution of heavy metals by citric acid was obvious. "Double water washing + citric acid" removed 87.0 % of Cd, 17.2 % of Cr, 11.9 % of Cu, 39.6 % of Pb and 43.6 % of Zn, but the environmental risk of Cu and Cr increased about 2-3 % after the treatment. The results of this study provide guidance for the pretreatment of fly ash before resource utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, No. 59 Zhongguancun Street, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, No. 59 Zhongguancun Street, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Fenfen Zhu
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, No. 59 Zhongguancun Street, Beijing 100872, China.
| | - Qian Chen
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, No. 59 Zhongguancun Street, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Tiantian Zhou
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, No. 59 Zhongguancun Street, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Yiyu Wang
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, No. 59 Zhongguancun Street, Beijing 100872, China
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Li J, Jia A, Hou X, Wang X, Mao Y, Wang W. Thermal co-treatment of aluminum dross and municipal solid waste incineration fly ash: Mineral transformation, crusting prevention, detoxification, and low-carbon cementitious material preparation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 329:117090. [PMID: 36584517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Harmless disposal and resource utilization of hazardous industrial wastes has become an important issue with the green development of human society. However, resource utilization of hazardous solid wastes, such as the production of cementitious materials, is usually accompanied by a pretreatment process to remove adverse impurities that contaminate the final product. In this study, aluminum dross (AD) was thermally co-treated with another hazardous waste, municipal solid incineration fly ash (MSWI-FA), to synergistically solidify F and Na, control leaching of heavy metals, and remove chloride impurities. Significant crusting was observed when AD was thermally treated by itself, but not when AD and MSWI-FA were thermally co-treated. In the process of co-thermal treatment, the remaining Cl, Na, and K contents were reduced to as low as 0.3%, 1.8%, and 0.6%, respectively. CaO and SiO2 in MSWI-FA reacted with Na3AlF6 and Al2O3 in AD, and formed CaF2 and Na6(AlSiO4)6, which contributed to the prevention of crusting and limited the leaching concentrations of F and Na to below detection thresholds and 270.6 mg/L, respectively. In addition, heavy metals were well solidified, and dioxins were fully decomposed during thermal treatment. Finally, a sulfoaluminate cementitious material (SACM) with high early- and later-age strengths was successfully created via synergetic complementarity using thermally co-treated AD and MSWI-FA together with other solid wastes. Collectively, this study outlines a promising method for the efficient and sustainable utilization of AD and MSWI-FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Li
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Solid Waste Green Materials, National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Aiguang Jia
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Solid Waste Green Materials, National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xiangshan Hou
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Solid Waste Green Materials, National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xujiang Wang
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Solid Waste Green Materials, National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Yanpeng Mao
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Solid Waste Green Materials, National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Wenlong Wang
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Solid Waste Green Materials, National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China
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10
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Tang Y, Chen D, Feng Y, Hu Y, Yin L, Qian K, Yuan G, Zhang R. MSW pyrolysis volatiles' reforming by incineration fly ash for both pyrolysis products upgrading and fly ash stabilization. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137536. [PMID: 36528161 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The effective disposal of municipal solid wastes (MSW) and its incineration-derived fly ash (IFA), which contains large amounts of heavy metals (HMs) and chlorine (Cl), is an urgent task. In this study, IFA was used to reform MSW pyrolysis volatiles within 500-800 °C. The changes of reformed pyrolysis products, the migration characteristics of HMs and Cl between IFA and pyrolysis products were investigated. The results indicated that the O- and Cl-containing compounds in pyrolysis oil tended to decrease, light hydrocarbons and its calorific value increased accordingly after reforming; more CH4 and H2 gases were produced concurrently. The increase in reforming temperature enhanced these trends. The IFA absorbed Cl from volatiles during reforming, which reduced HCl in the gas product. The toxicity equivalent (TEQ) of PCDD/Fs in IFA decreased dramatically from 0.47 μg/kg to 0.0055 μg/kg after reforming at 500 °C, and it decreased with increasing reforming temperature. Some of the HMs' concentrations in the used IFAs increased, but their leaching capacity all decreased significantly at 800 °C except for Cr. The used IFA at 800 °C (IFA-800) corresponded to the lowest HMs leaching concentrations and could meet the landfill requirements; while the used IFA at 500 °C (IFA-500) corresponded to the maximum carbon deposition of 14.63 wt%, providing the energy source for its melting. Therefore 800 °C was recommended for harmless disposal of IFA, and 500 °C was better for a further melting of IFA., The contamination of pyrolysis liquid caused by inorganic Cl-containing compounds at 500 and 800 °C with much lower levels than the original. This study showed the hazardous properties of IFA can be dampened after interacting with MSW pyrolysis volatiles within the tested temperature range, and provided a good chance for the simultaneous disposal of IFA and recovery of high-quality MSW pyrolysis products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Tang
- Thermal and Environmental Engineering Institute, Mechanical Engineering College, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Multi-source Solid Wastes Co-processing and Energy Utilization, Shanghai, 201804, China.
| | - Dezhen Chen
- Thermal and Environmental Engineering Institute, Mechanical Engineering College, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Multi-source Solid Wastes Co-processing and Energy Utilization, Shanghai, 201804, China.
| | - Yuheng Feng
- Thermal and Environmental Engineering Institute, Mechanical Engineering College, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Multi-source Solid Wastes Co-processing and Energy Utilization, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Yuyan Hu
- Thermal and Environmental Engineering Institute, Mechanical Engineering College, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Multi-source Solid Wastes Co-processing and Energy Utilization, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Lijie Yin
- Thermal and Environmental Engineering Institute, Mechanical Engineering College, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Multi-source Solid Wastes Co-processing and Energy Utilization, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Kezhen Qian
- Thermal and Environmental Engineering Institute, Mechanical Engineering College, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Multi-source Solid Wastes Co-processing and Energy Utilization, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Guoan Yuan
- Thermal and Environmental Engineering Institute, Mechanical Engineering College, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China; Shanghai Institute for Design and Research on Environmental Engineering Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 200232, China
| | - Ruina Zhang
- Shanghai Institute for Design and Research on Environmental Engineering Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 200232, China
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11
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Jiang W, Wu C, Zhang C, Wang X, Li Y, Wu S, Yao Y, Li J, Wang W. Effect of CaO Sourced from CaCO 3 or CaSO 4 on Phase Formation and Mineral Composition of Iron-Rich Calcium Sulfoaluminate Clinker. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:643. [PMID: 36676388 PMCID: PMC9864381 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The performance of iron-rich calcium sulfoaluminate (IR-CSA) cement is greatly affected by mineral composition and mineral activity in the clinker. This study aims to identify the effect of CaO sources, either CaCO3 or CaSO4, on the phase formation and mineral composition of the IR-CSA clinker. Targeted samples were prepared with different proportions of CaCO3 and CaSO4 as CaO sources at 1300 °C for 45 min. Multiple methods were used to identify the mineralogical conditions. The results indicate that the mineral composition and performance of the IR-CSA clinker could be optimized by adjusting the CaO source. Both Al2O3 and Fe2O3 tend to incorporate into C4A3-xFxS¯ with an increase in CaSO4 as a CaO source, which leads to an increased content of C4A3-xFxS¯ but a decreased ferrite phase. In addition, clinkers prepared with CaSO4 as a CaO source showed much higher x value in C4A3-xFxS¯ and higher compressive strength than clinker prepared with CaCO3 as the sole CaO source. The crystal types of both C4A3-xFxS¯ and C2S were also affected, but showed different trends with the transition of the CaO source. The findings provide a possible method to produce IR-CSA cement at a low cost through cooperative utilization of waste gypsum and iron-bearing industrial solid wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Changliang Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Xujiang Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Yuzhong Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Yonggang Yao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Jingwei Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Wenlong Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
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12
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Sun X, Ou Z, Xu Q, Qin X, Guo Y, Lin J, Yuan J. Feasibility analysis of resource application of waste incineration fly ash in asphalt pavement materials. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:5242-5257. [PMID: 35978251 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22485-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To confirm the feasibility of waste incineration fly ash applied in asphalt pavement materials, the waste fly ash from the waste incineration station in Dongguan (DG-FA) and Guangzhou (GZ-FA) were selected as mineral filler replacing limestone powder (LF) to prepare asphalt mortar. The physical properties, chemical composition, and thermal characteristics of FA were analyzed. The effect of FA on the physical properties and rheological properties of asphalt binder was investigated systematically. The micromorphology of FA asphalt mortar was characterized. Finally, the blocking effect of asphalt binder on the leaching of toxic elements from FA was evaluated through XRF test. The results showed that the granular composition of FA particles was similar to that of LF. Furthermore, compared to LF, the specific surface area and the pore structure of FA were more developed, and the high active amorphous material was higher. Adding FA to asphalt mortar and increasing replacing amount improved its high-temperature rutting resistance as well as its ability to adhere to asphalt, while the low-temperature crack resistance was decreased. Further, the asphalt binder provided the good shielding effect against the migration of heavy metals in FA. While the leaching concentration of Pb element slightly exceeded the hazardous waste leaching standard (GB5085.3-2007), the remaining elements met the standard requirements. Overall, FA improved asphalt mortar performance, and the asphalt had a good curing and stabilizing effect on the toxic elements in fly ash, indicating that FA could be used as a filler in asphalt pavements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Sun
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhixin Ou
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qin Xu
- Guangzhou HuaHui Traffic Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510335, China
| | - Xiao Qin
- School of Transportation and Civil Engineering and Architecture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China.
| | - Yongchang Guo
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiaxiang Lin
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Junshen Yuan
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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13
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Liu J, Wang Z, Xie G, Li Z, Fan X, Zhang W, Xing F, Tang L, Ren J. Resource utilization of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash - cement and alkali-activated cementitious materials: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 852:158254. [PMID: 36028021 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The increase in municipal solid waste (MSW) production has led to an increase in MSW incineration fly ash (MSWIFA) production. MSWIFA contains toxic and harmful substances such as heavy metals and dioxins, which can cause harm to the environment if not treated properly. Only a few MSWIFAs will be landfilled directly, and the rest will need to be treated by other methods. The treatment of MSWIFA can be divided into three types: separation, stabilization/solidification (S/S), and thermal treatment, which are either not fully developed or too costly. Resource utilization is a sustainable means of treating MSWIFA. MSWIFA is used in the production of cement and alkali-activated cementitious materials as a means of resource utilization with significant advantages. This can alleviate the consumption of nature and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in conventional cement production. Compared with MSWIFA cement, MSWIFA alkali-activated cementitious material can be achieved with almost no consumption of natural resources, which is worthy of further research to realize the large-scale application of MSWIFA. At the end of the paper, the perspective of separation of dioxins from MSWIFA, co-processing of MSWI ash, and production of "MSWIFA green materials" is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhengdong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Guangming Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhenlin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xu Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Weizhuo Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Feng Xing
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Luping Tang
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Division of Building Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jun Ren
- School of Architecture and Planning, Yunnan University, Kunming 650051, China
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14
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Jiang X, Zhao Y, Yan J. Disposal technology and new progress for dioxins and heavy metals in fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration: A critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 311:119878. [PMID: 35944780 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Incineration has gradually become the most effective way to deal with MSW due to its obvious volume reduction and weight reduction effects. However, since heavy metals and organic pollutants carried by municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash (MSWI FA) pose a serious threat to the ecological environment and human health, they need to be handled carefully. In this study, the current status of MSWI FA disposal was first reviewed, and the harmless and resourceful disposal technologies of heavy metals and organic pollutants in MSWI FA are summarized as well. A summary of the advantages and disadvantages of each technology, including sintering, melting/vitrification, hydrothermal treatment, mechanochemistry, solidification/stabilization of MSWI FA, is compared. Finally, the research work that needs to be strengthened in the future (such as codisposal of multiple wastes, long-term stability research of disposal products, etc.) was proposed. Through comprehensive analysis, some reasonable and feasible suggestions were provided for the effective and safe disposal of MSWI FA in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuguang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang University Qingshanhu Energy Research Center, Lina, Hangzhou, PR China.
| | - Yimeng Zhao
- Power China Hebei Electric Power Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd. D, No. 6 Jianhua North St., Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jianhua Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang University Qingshanhu Energy Research Center, Lina, Hangzhou, PR China
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15
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Reuse of phosphogypsum pretreated with water washing as aggregate for cemented backfill. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16091. [PMID: 36167716 PMCID: PMC9515191 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20318-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphogypsum (PG) is reused as aggregate in the cemented backfill, which effectively improves the PG reutilization efficiency. However, the massive impurities contained in aggregate PG would adversely affect the hydration of binder, and therefore deteriorate the strength development of backfill. This research starts with the feasibility study on pretreating PG with the water washing method. Based on the most economical principle of the water demand, the optimal conditions for washing PG were determined at a stirring time of 5 min and a solid–liquid ratio of 1:0.5. Then, the original and pretreated PG were made into the backfill. Compared to using the original PG, the backfill slurry using the pretreated PG had better fluidity performance, such as the lower slurry viscosity and the higher bleeding rate. Furthermore, with the pretreated aggregate PG, the backfill strength was significantly enhanced by more than 8 times. Finally, the environmental behavior of the cemented backfill was investigated. Using the pretreated PG as aggregate, concentrations of PO43− and F− in the bleeding water and backfill leachates could meet the Chinese standard for integrated wastewater discharge. The results extend the reuse of PG as aggregate in a more environmental-friendly way, meeting the needs for sustainable mines.
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16
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Qin J, Zhang Y, Yi Y, Fang M. Carbonation of municipal solid waste gasification fly ash: Effects of pre-washing and treatment period on carbon capture and heavy metal immobilization. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 308:119662. [PMID: 35752393 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbon capture has become an important technology to mitigate ever-increasing CO2 emissions worldwide, and alkali waste is a potential source of CO2 capture material. Slagging-gasification is a novel technology for treating municipal solid waste (MSW), and the gasification fly ash (GFA) is the only solid residue that is not reused at present due to its high heavy metal content. GFA contains high amounts of Ca(OH)2 and Ca(OH)Cl, making it protentional for CO2 capture. In this study, GFA and washed gasification fly ash (WGFA) were treated with CO2 for different treatment periods. Weight changes of samples were recorded to evaluate the efficiency of CO2 capture. To assess the properties of treated GFA, pH value, leached heavy metal concentration, mineral composition, and microscopic morphology were studied. The results revealed that GFA and WGFA could adsorb 18.8% and 23.7% CO2 of their weights, respectively. Carbonation could immobilize heavy metals including Pb, Zn, and Cu when a proper treatment period was applied. An excessive treatment period decreased the efficiency of heavy metal immobilization. Pre-washing is recommended as a pre-treatment method for GFA carbonation, which increased the efficiency to adsorb CO2, improved the pH of carbonated GFA, and enhanced the effect to immobilize heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junde Qin
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yaolin Yi
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Mingliang Fang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
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17
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lin S, Zhao Y, Chen Q, Jiang X. Microwave drying optimization and kinetic modeling of fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2022.103720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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18
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Zhang J, Mao Y, Wang W, Wang X, Li J, Jin Y, Pang D. A new co-processing mode of organic anaerobic fermentation liquid and municipal solid waste incineration fly ash. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 151:70-80. [PMID: 35930842 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A new co-processing mode of waste liquid from anaerobic fermentation of organic wastes and municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI-FA) dechlorination is reported in this paper. Taking acetic acid, the most common organic acid in anaerobic fermentation systems, as the representative of anaerobic fermentation organic acids, the improvement of the dechlorination effect and the mechanism of washing MSWI-FA with low concentrations of organic acid lotion were explored. The chlorine content of MSWI-FA was reduced to 0.82% after the optimal process washing pretreatment. Three anaerobic fermentation waste liquids (AFWLs) were used to verify that the chlorine content of MSWI-FA could be reduced to less than 1%, and the dechlorination effect of brewery wastewater, which reduced the chlorine content of MSWI-FA to 0.91%, was the best at this. The influence of the washing process on MSWI-FA pyrolysis was reflected in the whole process. The release of chloride decreased and the weight loss was mainly due to the release of CO2. The melting point of MSWI-FA, washed by the optimal process, was reduced by nearly 30 ℃, and only 0.06% chlorine remained after calcination at 1100 ℃, which was extremely beneficial in reducing the release of trace elements in MSWI-FA during heat treatment, and for the preparation of cement raw meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazheng Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
| | - Yanpeng Mao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China.
| | - Wenlong Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
| | - Xujiang Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
| | - Jingwei Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
| | - Yang Jin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
| | - Dongjie Pang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
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19
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Wei Y, Liu S, Yao R, Chen S, Gao J, Shimaoka T. Removal of harmful components from MSWI fly ash as a pretreatment approach to enhance waste recycling. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 150:110-121. [PMID: 35810727 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash contains many harmful components that may limit its potential for recycling. An effective pretreatment is therefore required before any recycling can be implemented. In this study, the effects of four pretreatment methods (water washing, CO2-aided washing, CO32--aided washing, and CO2 and CO32--aided washing) on the extraction behavior of chloride, sulfate, and heavy metals were evaluated. Water washing was found to be effective for the extraction of all easily and moderately soluble Cl-bearing salts, achieving Cl extraction ratios of 88%, 90%, and 96% for ash from Chongqing (CQ), Qingdao (QD), and Tianjin (TJ), respectively. Injection of CO2 during washing facilitated decomposition of the hardly soluble Cl-bearing salts, increasing the Cl extraction efficiency by 6% for CQ ash and 9% for QD ash. However, for the TJ ash that contained few insoluble Cl-bearing minerals, CO2 injection decreased the Cl extraction rate. The addition of CO32- had a negative influence on Cl extraction for all ashes, but it slightly promoted sulfate extraction. Despite the high Cl removal rate, only 23-37% of the sulfate and 0.1-12% of heavy metals were removed. Overall, water-based pretreatment, especially CO2-aided washing, significantly altered the physical, chemical, and mineralogical characteristics of the fly ash, making it more suitable for recycling. Consequently, the blending ratio of the fly ash for cement clinker manufacture increased from 0.2 to 0.3% in the raw ash to 3.5-5.5% in the treated ash, enabling the extensive use of ash materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunmei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China.
| | - Sijie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Ruixuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Junmin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Takayuki Shimaoka
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
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20
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Ren P, Ling TC, Mo KH. CO 2 pretreatment of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash and its feasible use as supplementary cementitious material. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127457. [PMID: 34653858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA) was pretreated with CO2 via slurry carbonation (SC) and dry carbonation coupled with subsequent water washing (DCW). Both the treated MSWIFAs were then used as cement replacement in cement pastes by weight of 10%, 20% and 30% to investigate the influence on hydration mechanisms, physico-mechanical characteristics and leaching properties. The results showed that carbonates formed on the surface of SC-MSWIFA particles were finer (primarily 20-50 nm calcite) than those from the corresponding DCW-MSWIFA (mostly 130-200 nm vaterite). Hence, SC-MSWIFA blended cement pastes led to shorter setting time and higher early compressive strength than the DCW-MSWIFA pastes. In contrast, the presence of vaterite-rich DCW-MSWIFA in the blended cement pastes could accelerate the cement hydration after 24 h. Both the CO2-pretreated MSWIFA can replace cement up to 30% without sacrificing the long-term strength and mechanical properties of cement pastes, demonstrating excellent performance as a supplementary cementitious material. Moreover, volume stability in terms of expansion and lead leaching of CO2-pretreated MSWIFA cement pastes were far below the regulatory limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Ren
- College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Tung-Chai Ling
- College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, China.
| | - Kim Hung Mo
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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21
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Zhao C, Lin S, Zhao Y, Lin K, Tian L, Xie M, Zhou T. Comprehensive understanding the transition behaviors and mechanisms of chlorine and metal ions in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash during thermal treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150731. [PMID: 34634350 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash is classified as the hazardous waste because of its high levels of heavy metals alkali chlorides, and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins. Thermal treatment is widely used for fly ash treatment because of its advantages of reduction and harmless. The transformation behaviors of chlorine and metal ions during the thermal treatment of fly ash has a significant impact on the harmless and resource of fly ash. At present, the migration behaviors of chlorine and metal ions during thermal treatment of fly ash is not clearly demonstrated. In this manuscript, the phase compositions, transformation behaviors, the variation of mass and content of chlorine and various metal ions were analyzed through diverse characterization methods under different sintering temperatures to understand the migration behaviors of chlorine and metal ions during thermal treatment. Roasting experiments showed that the migration behaviors of heavy metals and chlorides were consistent. The chlorine, sodium, potassium and heavy metal ions can be removed sharply while the calcium, aluminum, magnesium and iron were decreased slightly when the roasting temperature was above 750 °C. The findings also suggested that removed chlorides were soluble chlorides and unstable crystals in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash were inclined to formed steady structure under high temperature. The structure of roasted fly ash became denser and generated ceramic-like particle due to thermal agglomeration and chemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shujie Lin
- CoaST, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Youcai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Kunsen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Mengqin Xie
- Baoshan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd., No. 899 Fujin Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai 201900, China.
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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22
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Ji Z, Huang B, Gan M, Fan X, Wang G, Zhao Q, Xing J, Yuan R. Dioxins control as co-processing water-washed municipal solid waste incineration fly ash in iron ore sintering process. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:127138. [PMID: 34537647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Co-processing water-washed municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (WM-FA) in iron ore sintering process is of great prospect. In this paper, the emission characteristics of dioxins during sintering process combined with WM-FA were studied, and the control method for dioxins was proposed. The results showed that adding WM-FA in the form of pellets with diameter 5-8 mm slightly influenced sinter quality. Increasing the diameter of WM-FA from 5-8 mm to 10-12 mm helped to reduce the concentration of PCDD/Fs from 1.0425 ng I-TEQ/N m3 to 0.7720 ng I-TEQ/N m3. However, compared with no WM-FA adding case, adding WM-FA pellets caused the increase of PCDD/Fs concentration in the sintering flue gas. A novel method for dioxin control was proposed through preparing WM-FA into 5-8 mm pellets and coated with CaO-containing additive with its function to adsorb and fix HCl and Cl2, which were the key components to synthesize dioxin. Due to the inhibiting effect of CaO to the chlorination reaction, the emission concentration of PCDD/Fs was decreased to 0.6240 ng I-TEQ/N m3, which was lower than that of no WM-FA adding case. The research findings lay a foundation for the resource utilization of WM-FA and the harmonious development of city and steel plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyun Ji
- School of Minerals Processing & Bioengineering, Central South University, No. 932, South Lushan Road, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410083, PR China
| | - Binbin Huang
- School of Minerals Processing & Bioengineering, Central South University, No. 932, South Lushan Road, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410083, PR China
| | - Min Gan
- School of Minerals Processing & Bioengineering, Central South University, No. 932, South Lushan Road, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410083, PR China.
| | - Xiaohui Fan
- School of Minerals Processing & Bioengineering, Central South University, No. 932, South Lushan Road, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410083, PR China
| | - Guojing Wang
- School of Minerals Processing & Bioengineering, Central South University, No. 932, South Lushan Road, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410083, PR China.
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- School of Minerals Processing & Bioengineering, Central South University, No. 932, South Lushan Road, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410083, PR China; Baowu Group Environmental Resources Technology Co. Ltd., Shanghai 201900, PR China
| | - Jinxin Xing
- School of Minerals Processing & Bioengineering, Central South University, No. 932, South Lushan Road, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410083, PR China
| | - Ruirui Yuan
- School of Minerals Processing & Bioengineering, Central South University, No. 932, South Lushan Road, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410083, PR China
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23
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Lin X, Chen J, Xu S, Mao T, Liu W, Wu J, Li X, Yan J. Solidification of heavy metals and PCDD/Fs from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash by the polymerization of calcium carbonate oligomers. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132420. [PMID: 34600925 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Calcium carbonate oligomers are gel-state precursors that can be crystallized by low-temperature heat treatments to form an inorganic material with a monolithic and continuous structure, this material can effectively solidify/stabilize heavy metals in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI FA). Calcium chloride addition achieves FA stabilization/solidification by the formation and polymerization of calcium carbonate oligomers. The effects of calcium, triethylamine (TEA), and water-washing pretreatment on the solidification of heavy metals by the polymer were studied. Consequently, as more calcium was added, the solidification improved. When the ratio of TEA/Ca2+ was increased from 2:1 to 3:1, the solidification efficiency of As and Cd increased, but it decreased when the ratio was continuously increased to 4:1. After the water-washing pre-treatment, the MSWI FA had a significantly improved solidification effect on the heavy metals, and the solidification efficiencies of zinc, copper, cadmium, chromium, lead, and arsenic were 81.9%, 90.0%, 93.5%, 91.8%, 99.6% and 95.5%, respectively. Additionally, the solidification efficiency of PCDD/Fs was 56.5%. The heavy metals and PCDD/Fs in MSWI FA solidified by physical adsorption, wrapping and chemical precipitation. The continuous calcium carbonate structure adsorbed and encased the MSWI FA, and the heavy metals in the MSWI FA were converted from a free state to carbonate precipitates through carbonation, and the carbonate precipitate was more likely to be physical solidification by calcium carbonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, National Engineering Laboratory of Waste Incineration Technology and Equipment, Institute of Thermal Power Engineering of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, National Engineering Laboratory of Waste Incineration Technology and Equipment, Institute of Thermal Power Engineering of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuaixi Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Development & Planning Institute, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
| | - Tieying Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, National Engineering Laboratory of Waste Incineration Technology and Equipment, Institute of Thermal Power Engineering of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiping Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiezhen Wu
- Zhejiang Development & Planning Institute, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, National Engineering Laboratory of Waste Incineration Technology and Equipment, Institute of Thermal Power Engineering of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianhua Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, National Engineering Laboratory of Waste Incineration Technology and Equipment, Institute of Thermal Power Engineering of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China
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24
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Osman AI, Fawzy S, Farghali M, El-Azazy M, Elgarahy AM, Fahim RA, Maksoud MIAA, Ajlan AA, Yousry M, Saleem Y, Rooney DW. Biochar for agronomy, animal farming, anaerobic digestion, composting, water treatment, soil remediation, construction, energy storage, and carbon sequestration: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2022; 20:2385-2485. [PMID: 35571983 PMCID: PMC9077033 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-022-01424-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In the context of climate change and the circular economy, biochar has recently found many applications in various sectors as a versatile and recycled material. Here, we review application of biochar-based for carbon sink, covering agronomy, animal farming, anaerobic digestion, composting, environmental remediation, construction, and energy storage. The ultimate storage reservoirs for biochar are soils, civil infrastructure, and landfills. Biochar-based fertilisers, which combine traditional fertilisers with biochar as a nutrient carrier, are promising in agronomy. The use of biochar as a feed additive for animals shows benefits in terms of animal growth, gut microbiota, reduced enteric methane production, egg yield, and endo-toxicant mitigation. Biochar enhances anaerobic digestion operations, primarily for biogas generation and upgrading, performance and sustainability, and the mitigation of inhibitory impurities. In composts, biochar controls the release of greenhouse gases and enhances microbial activity. Co-composted biochar improves soil properties and enhances crop productivity. Pristine and engineered biochar can also be employed for water and soil remediation to remove pollutants. In construction, biochar can be added to cement or asphalt, thus conferring structural and functional advantages. Incorporating biochar in biocomposites improves insulation, electromagnetic radiation protection and moisture control. Finally, synthesising biochar-based materials for energy storage applications requires additional functionalisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed I. Osman
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AG Northern Ireland UK
| | - Samer Fawzy
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AG Northern Ireland UK
| | - Mohamed Farghali
- Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555 Japan
- Department of Animal and Poultry Hygiene and Environmental Sanitation, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526 Egypt
| | - Marwa El-Azazy
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed M. Elgarahy
- Environmental Science Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
- Egyptian Propylene and Polypropylene Company (EPPC), Port-Said, Egypt
| | - Ramy Amer Fahim
- National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - M. I. A. Abdel Maksoud
- National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abbas Abdullah Ajlan
- Department of Chemistry -Faculty of Applied Science, Taiz University, P.O.Box 6803, Taiz, Yemen
| | - Mahmoud Yousry
- Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11651 Egypt
- Cemart for Building Materials and Insulation, postcode 11765, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasmeen Saleem
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Soil and Water Science, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - David W. Rooney
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AG Northern Ireland UK
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25
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Liu Y, Chen Q, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Li H, Jiang C, Qi C. In Situ Remediation of Phosphogypsum with Water-Washing Pre-Treatment Using Cemented Paste Backfill: Rheology Behavior and Damage Evolution. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14226993. [PMID: 34832394 PMCID: PMC8618653 DOI: 10.3390/ma14226993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of original phosphogypsum (OPG) has occupied considerable land resources, which have induced significant environmental problems worldwide. The OPG-based cemented paste backfill (OCPB) has been introduced as a promising solution. In this study, a water-washing pre-treatment was used to purify OPG, aiming to optimize the transport performance and mechanical properties of backfills. The overall results proved that in treated phosphogypsum-based cemented paste backfill (TCPB), the altered particle size distribution can alleviate the shear-thinning characteristic. The mechanical properties were significantly optimized, of which a maximum increase of 183% of stress value was observed. With more pronounced AE signals, the TCPB samples demonstrated better residual structures after the ultimate strength values but with more unstable cracks with high amplitude generated during loading. Principal component analysis confirmed the adverse effects of fluorine and phosphorus on the damage fractal dimensions. The most voluminous hydration products observed were amorphous CSH and ettringite. The interlocked stellate clusters may be associated with the residual structure and the after-peak AE events evident in TCPB, indicate that more significant stress should be applied to break the closely interlocked stitches. Ultimately, the essential findings in this experimental work can provide a scientific reference for efficient OPG recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikai Liu
- Department of Geosciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Qiusong Chen
- Sinosteel Maanshan General Institute of Mining Research Co., Ltd., Maanshan 243000, China;
- School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (Q.Z.); (C.J.); (C.Q.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0731-8887-9612
| | - Yunmin Wang
- Sinosteel Maanshan General Institute of Mining Research Co., Ltd., Maanshan 243000, China;
- School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (Q.Z.); (C.J.); (C.Q.)
| | - Qinli Zhang
- Sinosteel Maanshan General Institute of Mining Research Co., Ltd., Maanshan 243000, China;
| | - Hongpeng Li
- Yinshan Mining Co., Ltd., Jiangxi Copper Group, Dexing 334200, China;
| | - Chaoyu Jiang
- Sinosteel Maanshan General Institute of Mining Research Co., Ltd., Maanshan 243000, China;
| | - Chongchong Qi
- Sinosteel Maanshan General Institute of Mining Research Co., Ltd., Maanshan 243000, China;
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26
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Tian X, Rao F, Li C, Ge W, Lara NO, Song S, Xia L. Solidification of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash and immobilization of heavy metals using waste glass in alkaline activation system. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 283:131240. [PMID: 34182622 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hazardous heavy metals in Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) fly ash are a threat to the environment and ecosystems. The objective of the work is to investigate the solidification of MSWI fly ash and the immobilization of the heavy metals through alkaline activation reaction with waste glass as an additive. Compressive strength measurement, X-ray diffraction (XRD), 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (29Si NMR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were performed to evaluate the solidification effect and characterize the microstructure of alkali-activated MSWI fly ash-based mortars. The leaching test, back-scattered electron microscopy (BSE) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were conducted to determine the heavy metals' immobilization effect and their immobilization forms. It was found that waste glass addition effectively reinforced the solidification of MSWI fly ash and immobilized the heavy metals. With 40% addition of waste glass, the compressive strength reached a maximum of 3.55 MPa. The immobilization efficiency of Cr increased with the addition of waste glass, while that of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd is dependent on the eluant final pH, which decreased with the decrease of eluant final pH. The main immobilization forms include physical encapsulation, the formation of alkaline environment and the generation of silicate compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Tian
- School of Civil Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, China; CONACYT Instituto de Investigación en Metalurgia y Materiales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mich, 58030, Mexico
| | - Feng Rao
- School of Zijin Mining, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China; CONACYT Instituto de Investigación en Metalurgia y Materiales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mich, 58030, Mexico.
| | - Chuanxi Li
- School of Civil Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Wei Ge
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Noemí Ortiz Lara
- CONACYT Instituto de Investigación en Metalurgia y Materiales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mich, 58030, Mexico
| | - Shaoxian Song
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Ling Xia
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
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27
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Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Ash-Incorporated Concrete: One Step towards Environmental Justice. BUILDINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/buildings11110495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste and cement manufacture are two sources of environmental justice issues in urban and suburban areas. Waste utilization is an attractive alternative to disposal for eliminating environmental injustice, reducing potential hazards, and improving urban sustainability. The re-use and recycling of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) ash in the construction industry has drawn significant attention. Incorporating MSWI ash in cement and concrete production is a potential path that mitigates the environmental justice issues in waste management and the construction industry. This paper presents a critical overview of the pretreatment methods that optimize MSWI ash utilization in cement/concrete and the influences of MSWI ash on the performance of cement/concrete. This review aims to elucidate the potential advantages and limitations associated with the use of MSWI ash for producing cement clinker, alternative binder (e.g., alkali-activated material), cement substitutes, and aggregates. A brief overview of the generation and characteristics of MSWI ash is reported, accompanied by identifying opportunities for the use of MSWI ash-incorporated products in industrial-scale applications and recognizing associated environmental justice implications.
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Wang X, Zhang L, Zhu K, Li C, Zhang Y, Li A. Efficiently sintering of MSWI fly ash at a low temperature enhanced by in-situ pressure assistant: Process performance and product characterization. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 134:21-31. [PMID: 34403993 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash disposal is an urgent task with some technical bottlenecks. In this study, a novel pressure-assisted sintering method was employed to treat the MSWI fly ash. A series of pressure-assisted sintering experiments were carried out by varying mechanical pressures and sintering temperatures, and their properties of compressive strength, density and heavy metals leaching behavior were determined to screen out the optimal conditions. Instrumental analysis of XRF, SEM, XRD and TEM-EDX and calculation kinetics were conducted to explore the enhancement mechanism of pressure-assisted sintering. With the help of mechanical pressure, a high-strength ceramic product was produced from MSWI fly ash sintered at a low temperature (400 °C), which never occurred in the conventional low-temperature sintering process. Maximum compressive strength of 218.30 ± 4.08 MPa was obtained at 400 °C and 100 MPa, which was much higher than conventional construction materials of brick and cement. In addition, the leaching concentrations of heavy metals obtained from pressure-assisted sintering process were lower than the standard limitation. The SEM and XRD results revealed that the increased mechanical properties and the decreased heavy metals leaching concentration were mainly attributed to the increased density and crystalline degree. The kinetics calculation results indicated that the sintering activation energy was much lower than the sintering process without pressure, suggesting surface diffusion and grain boundary diffusion were main sintering mechanisms in the pressure-assisted sintering process. These findings proved that pressure-assisted sintering could be a promising method to treat fly ash together with producing high-value building materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Kongyun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Changjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Aimin Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Ren P, Ling TC. Roles of chlorine and sulphate in MSWIFA in GGBFS binder: Hydration, mechanical properties and stabilization considerations. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 284:117175. [PMID: 33895576 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA) was first washed (pretreatment) with pure water with liquid to solid (L/S) ratio of 2, 3, 6, 10, to understand the removal efficiency of chlorine and sulphate, as well as its consequent ability as alkaline activator for granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS). Washed MSWIFA was blended with GGBFS at a fixed ratio of 3:7 to examine their impact on mechanical properties, reaction mechanism, microstructure and leaching behavior. The results showed that chlorine in MSWIFA (>70%) can be washed out easily, while the removal of sulphate was largely depended on the L/S. GGBFS can be better activated by a low L/S (e.g. 2) washed-MSWIFA with attaining the compressive strength of 45.2MPa at 28 days. The higher chlorine and sulphate contents retained in the washed-MSWIFA, the higher the total heat release in the activated GGBFS system. Calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H), ettringite (AFt) and Friedel's salt were the main hydration products of the activated binders. The rapid formation of AFt was mainly responsible for the 1-day strength development. Large amounts of Friedel's salts were formed from 1 day to 3 days associated to the inhibition of sulphate, and the presence of C-S-H played the key role in long-term strength development. The leaching test of heavy metals and soluble ions also demonstrated that washed MSWIFA activated GGBFS binders were harmless to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Ren
- College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Tung-Chai Ling
- College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, China.
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30
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Li J, Xu D, Wang X, Liu K, Mao Y, Wang M, Bai Y, Wang W. Encapsulation of cesium with a solid waste-derived sulfoaluminate matrix: A circular economy approach of treating nuclear wastes with solid wastes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:126156. [PMID: 34492936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It is of great importance to safely dispose nuclear wastes with the development of nuclear industries. Past approaches to this problem have included immobilizing radioactive cesium in Portland cement-based matrices; however, the leaching rates of cesium are relatively high, especially as the leaching temperature increases. This paper explores a high-efficiency and cost-effective approach for encapsulating cesium using a sulfoaluminate cement (SAC) matrix, which was prepared via synergetic use of industrial solid wastes. Leaching results showed that, the apparent diffusion coefficient values of cesium were only ~1.4 × 10-15 cm2/s and ~5 × 10-18 cm2/s at 25 ℃ and 90 ℃ leaching conditions, respectively. These values were several orders of magnitude lower when compared with previously reported values, indicating the excellent encapsulation performance of the solid-waste-based SAC for cesium. Moreover, the heavy metals contained in the industrial solid waste were also effectively immobilized. A mechanistic analysis revealed that cesium was encapsulated in the SAC matrices stably by a physical effect. Finally, a life cycle assessment and economic analysis indicated that this approach was environmental-friendly, cost-effective, and energy-saving. This work provides a promising strategy for effective encapsulation of cesium and synergetic treatment of industrial solid wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Li
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Solid Waste Green Materials, National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Dong Xu
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Solid Waste Green Materials, National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xujiang Wang
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Solid Waste Green Materials, National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Kang Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yanpeng Mao
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Solid Waste Green Materials, National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yun Bai
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Wenlong Wang
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Solid Waste Green Materials, National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, China.
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Preparation and Characterization of High-Efficiency Magnetic Heavy Metal Capture Flocculants. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13131732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a high-efficiency magnetic heavy metal flocculant MF@AA was prepared based on carboxymethyl chitosan and magnetic Fe3O4. It was characterized by SEM, FTIR, XPS, XRD and VSM, and the Cu(II) removal rate was used as the evaluation basis for the preparation process. The effects of AMPS content, total monomer concentration, photoinitiator concentration and reaction time on the performance of MF@AA flocculation to remove Cu(II) were studied. The characterization results show that MF@AA has been successfully prepared and exhibits good magnetic induction characteristics. The synthesis results show that under the conditions of 10% AMPS content, 35% total monomer concentration, 0.04% photoinitiator concentration, and 1.5 h reaction time, the best yield of MF@AA is 77.69%. The best removal rate is 87.65%. In addition, the response surface optimization of the synthesis process of MF@AA was performed. The optimal synthesis ratio was finally determined as iron content 6.5%, CMFS: 29.5%, AM: 53.9%, AMPS: 10.1%. High-efficiency magnetic heavy metal flocculant MF@AA shows excellent flocculation performance in removing Cu(II). This research provides guidance and ideas for the development of efficient and low-cost flocculation technology to remove Cu(II) in wastewater.
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Zhang Y, Wang L, Chen L, Ma B, Zhang Y, Ni W, Tsang DCW. Treatment of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash: State-of-the-art technologies and future perspectives. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 411:125132. [PMID: 33858099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash is considered as a hazardous waste that requires specific treatment before disposal. The principal treatments encompass thermal treatment, stabilization/solidification, and resource recovery. To maximize environmental, social, and economic benefits, the development of low-carbon and sustainable treatment technologies for MSWI fly ash has attracted extensive interests in recent years. This paper critically reviewed the state-of-the-art treatment technologies and novel resource utilization approaches for the MSWI fly ash. Innovative technologies and future perspectives of MSWI fly ash management were highlighted. Moreover, the latest understanding of immobilization mechanisms and the use of advanced characterization technologies were elaborated to foster future design of treatment technologies and the actualization of sustainable management for MSWI fly ash.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Construction Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bin Ma
- Laboratory for Concrete & Construction Chemistry, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Yike Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Energy Clean Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wen Ni
- School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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33
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Wong G, Gan M, Fan X, Ji Z, Chen X, Wang Z. Co-disposal of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash and bottom slag: A novel method of low temperature melting treatment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 408:124438. [PMID: 33229258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Conventional melting for disposing municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash or bottom slag needed high temperature and consumed high energy. High calcium content in fly ash and high silicon content in bottom slag brought them high melting point, respectively. Based on the analysis of chemical composition and phase diagram, suitable contents, namely 30%-40% CaO, 45%-60% SiO2 and 10%-15% Al2O3, were proposed to obtain a lower-melting-point mixture system. When the mass ratio of fly ash to bottom slag was 1:5, lowest melting point can be obtained. It was 1,190 ℃, lower than that of fly ash (1,448 ℃) and bottom slag (1,310 ℃). The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure of slags obtained from low melting treatment met the leaching toxicity of Chinese standard GB 5085.3-2007, and the slags containing about 25 wt% CaO, 10 wt% Al2O3 and 45 wt% SiO2 can be used for preparing CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 glass ceramics. The co-process of fly ash and bottom slag realized the low temperature melting treatment with low energy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojing Wong
- School of Minerals Processing & Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Min Gan
- School of Minerals Processing & Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China.
| | - Xiaohui Fan
- School of Minerals Processing & Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Zhiyun Ji
- School of Minerals Processing & Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Xuling Chen
- School of Minerals Processing & Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Wang
- School of Minerals Processing & Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
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34
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Da Y, He T, Shi C, Wang M, Feng Y. Potential of preparing cement clinker by adding the fluorine-containing sludge into raw meal. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123692. [PMID: 33264883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fluorine-containing sludge from semiconductor industries were one kind of hazardous wastes, there was hardly effective treatment to realize its safe disposal and utilization. This paper evaluated the potential of preparing cement clinker by adding the sludge into raw meal by a series of experiments. The results revealed 2.0 % addition of the sludge markedly improved the burnability of the produced clinker, and promoted the formation of alite with more amounts and smaller size, but the 5.0 % addition of the sludge resulted in the abundant formation of interstitial phases to inhibit the formation of alite and belite. The better workability was gained with the addition of 2.0 %, and the optimal 28 d compressive strength was 50.76 MPa. The distribution of fluorine was higher in silicate phases, and it was mainly accumulated in the interfaces of silicate phases. Fluorine in the sludge was immobilized by calcium to form the binding forms of calcium fluoride in produced clinker and hydration products. The immobilization ratios of fluorine, copper, zinc and nickel were more than 99.5 %, and the addition of the sludge (≤5.0 %) into raw meal could not induce further environment hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqi Da
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Tingshu He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Chen Shi
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi, China
| | - Minhao Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yun Feng
- Qian Yang Conch Venture Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Baoji 721000, Shaanxi, China
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Liu J, Hu L, Tang L, Ren J. Utilisation of municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) fly ash with metakaolin for preparation of alkali-activated cementitious material. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123451. [PMID: 32688190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The proper treatment on hazardous municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA) is important. The application of alkali-activation technology to prepare alkali-activated MSWIFA (AAFA) material provides a potential not only to immobilise the heavy metals, but also to trigger its pozzolanic property in manufacturing building material. In this study, in addition to investigate the feasibility of alkaline activation technology in preparing AAFA with sodium silicate activator, the effect of metakaolin in AAFA (AAFM) was also explored to enhance its performance. The results showed that, compared to the AAFA, blending 10 % metakaolin in AAFA significantly improved both 28-day and 90-days compressive strengths, which was almost 200 % higher than that of AAFA. The compressive strength was increased with increasing the dosage of sodium silicate. The C-S-H gel was observed as the main hydration product of AAFA and AAFM. Moreover, the ettringite was observed in AAFM due to the reaction between the CaSO4 in MSWIFA and aluminate phase from metakaolin. Finally, the 28 and 210-day leaching behaviours of AAFM on Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni were successfully suppressed to less than 1 % of that originally from MSWIFA, which can meet the requirement from Chinese standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Lu Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Luping Tang
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jun Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
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Zhan X, Wang L, Wang L, Gong J, Wang X, Song X, Xu T. Co-sintering MSWI fly ash with electrolytic manganese residue and coal fly ash for lightweight ceramisite. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:127914. [PMID: 32822940 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The MSWI fly ash (FA) is classified as hazardous waste and electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) as the harmful industrial waste. FA, water-washed FA (WFA), EMR and coal fly ash (CFA) were co-recycled to form lightweight MFCE ceramisites. The effects of FA, WFA and mixed MSWI fly ash on ceramisites were discussed. The approach to mixing FA and WFA increased the recycling amount of MSWI fly ash. The optimal mixture of 34.5% EMR, 24.1% CFA, 20.7% FA and 20.7% WFA sintered at 1160 °C for 12 min with a procedural heating rate (10 °C/min) and belonged to Class 800 artificial lightweight aggregate (GB/T 17431.1-2010); the quantity of MSWI fly ash in ceramisite was as high as 41.4%. Volatilization rates of Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Mn and Cr for ceramisite were higher 75.0, 24.2, 62.7, 133, 343 and 764% than FA respectively, attributed to the co-existence of chlorides and sulfates. The remained Zn, Cu, Pb, Mn and Cr were exchanged with Mg2+/Ca2+/Al3+ of diopside and wollastonite to form residual fractions. Our findings provided a feasibility method of co-recycling MSWI fly ash and electrolytic manganese residue to produce green lightweight aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China; College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Li'ao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China; College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Jian Gong
- Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China; College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China; College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Xue Song
- College of Chemistry, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Tengtun Xu
- College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, PR China
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Zhu J, Chen Y, Zhang L, Yang K, Guan X, Zhao R. Insights on Substitution Preference of Pb Ions in Sulfoaluminate Cement Clinker Phases. MATERIALS 2020; 14:ma14010044. [PMID: 33374311 PMCID: PMC7796364 DOI: 10.3390/ma14010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The doping behaviors of Pb in sulfoaluminate cement (SAC) clinker phases were systematically studied combined with density functional theoretical simulations and experiments. The results present that, in the three composed minerals of C4A3S, C2S, and C4AF, Pb ions prefer to incorporate into C4A3S by substituting Ca ions. Further analyses from partial density of states, electron density difference, and local distortions show that such doping preference can be attributed to the small distortions as Pb introduced at Ca sites of C4A3S. The results and clear understandings on the doping behaviors of Pb ions may provide valuable information in guiding the synthesis of Pb-bearing SAC clinker, thus should draw broad interests in fields from sustainable production of cement and environmental protection.
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38
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Calcination of Calcium Sulphoaluminate Cement Using Pyrite-Rich Cyanide Tailings. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10110971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pyrite-rich cyanide tailings (CTs) are industrial hazardous solid wastes arising from the gold mining industry. Every year, hundreds of millions of tons of cyanide tailings are produced and discharged to tailings dams. It is of great significance to dispose of cyanide tailings harmlessly and resourcefully. The feasibility of calcination of calcium sulphoaluminate (CSA) cement clinker using pyrite-rich cyanide tailings as Fe2O3 and SO3 sources was investigated for this paper. The behavior of pyrite during the calcination of cyanide tailings under various calcination conditions and the properties of calcium sulphoaluminate cement clinker were examined. The results show that it is feasible to produce calcium sulphoaluminate cement clinker using pyrite-rich cyanide tailings. The optimal conditions for the calcination of calcium sulphoaluminate cement using pyrite-rich cyanide tailings are confirmed. During the calcination process, the cyanides decompose into carbonate, CO2, and N2. The pyrite decomposes into Fe2O3 and SO2, and they react with CaO and Al2O3 to form the intermediates of CaSO4, 2CaO·Fe2O3, and CaO·2Al2O3, which further react to form 3CaO·3Al2O3·CaSO4, 4CaO·Al2O3·Fe2O3, and 12CaO·7Al2O3. The calcium sulphoaluminate cement prepared by pyrite-rich cyanide tailings exhibits excellent mechanical properties and meets the compressive strength criteria of 42.5 grade calcium sulphoaluminate cement.
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39
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Tang P, Chen W, Xuan D, Cheng H, Poon CS, Tsang DCW. Immobilization of hazardous municipal solid waste incineration fly ash by novel alternative binders derived from cementitious waste. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 393:122386. [PMID: 32114128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work aims to immobilize hazardous municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (IFA) using alternative binders recycled from cementitious waste (CW) that was dehydrated. The dehydration temperature of CW applied was 200 °C, 500 °C and 800 °C, and the resulted binder was labelled as DCW2, DCW5 and DCW8, respectively. Thermal treatment increased the rehydration capacity of DCWs. Higher temperatures at 500 °C) can increase the amount of dehydrated phases, and contribute to a higher 28-day strength of DCW pastes. The DCW5 paste had the highest 28-day strength which was 18.74 MPa. The dicalcium silicate phase can be formed in DCW8, which resulted in its slow strength development and a lower 28-day strength compared to the DCW5 paste (about 50 % lower). Chloride contained in IFA can take part in the DCW hydration and contribute to the strength development of the binder-IFA pastes. The use of DCWs as binders had better immobilization efficiency of Pb compared to OPC. Furthermore, the CO2 emission for preparing DCW2, DCW5, and DCW8 was 94 %, 86 % and 65 % lower than that of OPC, respectively. The DCWs can be considered as alternative binders regarding the recycling and immobilization of IFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
| | - Dongxing Xuan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Hiuwun Cheng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Chi Sun Poon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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