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Yan Y, Xing T, Huang X, Peng W, Wang S, Li N. Affinity-Resolved Size Exclusion Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry: A Novel Tool to Study the Attribute-and-Function Relationship in Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 38986034 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Assessment of critical quality attributes (CQAs) is an important aspect during the development of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Attributes that affect either the target binding or Fc receptor engagement may have direct impacts on the drug safety and efficacy and thus are considered as CQAs. Native size exclusion chromatography (SEC)-based competitive binding assay has recently been reported and demonstrated significant benefits compared to conventional approaches for CQA identification, owing to its faster turn-around and higher multiplexity. Expanding on the similar concept, we report the development of a novel affinity-resolved size exclusion chromatography-mass spectrometry (AR-SEC-MS) method for rapid CQA evaluation in therapeutic mAbs. This method features wide applicability, fast turn-around, high multiplexity, and easy implementation. Using the well-studied Fc gamma receptor III-A (FcγRIIIa) and Fc interaction as a model system, the effectiveness of this method in studying the attribute-and-function relationship was demonstrated. Further, two case studies were detailed to showcase the application of this method in assessing CQAs related to antibody target binding, which included unusual N-linked glycosylation in a bispecific antibody and Met oxidation in a monospecific antibody, both occurring within the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuetian Yan
- Analytical Chemistry, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707, United States
| | - Tao Xing
- Analytical Chemistry, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707, United States
| | - Xiaoxiao Huang
- Analytical Chemistry, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707, United States
| | - Wenjing Peng
- Analytical Chemistry, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707, United States
| | - Shunhai Wang
- Analytical Chemistry, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707, United States
| | - Ning Li
- Analytical Chemistry, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591-6707, United States
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2
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Beyze A, Larroque C, Le Quintrec M. The role of antibody glycosylation in autoimmune and alloimmune kidney diseases. Nat Rev Nephrol 2024:10.1038/s41581-024-00850-0. [PMID: 38961307 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-024-00850-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin glycosylation is a pivotal mechanism that drives the diversification of antibody functions. The composition of the IgG glycome is influenced by environmental factors, genetic traits and inflammatory contexts. Differential IgG glycosylation has been shown to intricately modulate IgG effector functions and has a role in the initiation and progression of various diseases. Analysis of IgG glycosylation is therefore a promising tool for predicting disease severity. Several autoimmune and alloimmune disorders, including critical and potentially life-threatening conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis and antibody-mediated kidney graft rejection, are driven by immunoglobulin. In certain IgG-driven kidney diseases, including primary membranous nephropathy, IgA nephropathy and lupus nephritis, particular glycome characteristics can enhance in situ complement activation and the recruitment of innate immune cells, resulting in more severe kidney damage. Hypofucosylation, hypogalactosylation and hyposialylation are the most common IgG glycosylation traits identified in these diseases. Modulating IgG glycosylation could therefore be a promising therapeutic strategy for regulating the immune mechanisms that underlie IgG-driven kidney diseases and potentially reduce the burden of immunosuppressive drugs in affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Beyze
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, IRMB U1183, Montpellier, France.
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France.
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Christian Larroque
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, IRMB U1183, Montpellier, France
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Moglie Le Quintrec
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, IRMB U1183, Montpellier, France.
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France.
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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3
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Zlatina K, Isernhagen L, Galuska CE, Murani E, Galuska SP. Changes in the N-glycosylation of porcine immune globulin G during postnatal development. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1361240. [PMID: 38698868 PMCID: PMC11063267 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1361240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
N-glycosylation influences the effectiveness of immune globulin G (IgG) and thus the immunological downstream responses of immune cells. This impact arises from the presence of N-glycans within the Fc region, which not only alters the conformation of IgG but also influences its steric hindrance. Consequently, these modifications affect the interaction between IgG and its binding partners within the immune system. Moreover, this posttranslational modification vary according to the physiological condition of each individual. In this study, we examined the N-glycosylation of IgG in pigs from birth to five months of age. Our analysis identified a total of 48 distinct N-glycan structures. Remarkably, we observed defined changes in the composition of these N-glycans during postnatal development. The presence of agalactosylated and sialylated structures increases in relation to the number of N-glycans terminated by galactose residues during the first months of life. This shift may indicate a transition from passively transferred antibodies from the colostrum of the sow to the active production of endogenous IgG by the pig's own immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Zlatina
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
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4
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Zhang M, Zhang Y, Wu H, Wang X, Zheng H, Feng J, Wang J, Luo L, Xiao H, Qiao C, Li X, Zheng Y, Huang W, Wang Y, Wang Y, Shi Y, Feng J, Chen G. Functional characterization of AF-04, an afucosylated anti-MARV GP antibody. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166964. [PMID: 37995774 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Marburg virus (MARV), one member of the Filoviridae family, cause sporadic outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever with high mortality rates. No countermeasures are currently available for the prevention or treatment of MARV infection. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are promising candidates to display high neutralizing activity against MARV infection in vitro and in vivo. Recently, growing evidence has shown that immune effector function including antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) is also required for in vivo efficacy of a panel of antibodies. Glyco-engineered methods are widely utilized to augment ADCC function of mAbs. In this study, we generated a fucose-knockout MARV GP-specific mAb named AF-04 and showed that afucosylation dramatically increased its binding affinity to polymorphic FcγRIIIa (F176/V176) compared with the parental AF-03. Accordingly, AF-04-mediated NK cell activation and NFAT expression downstream of FcγRIIIa in effector cells were also augmented. In conclusion, this work demonstrates that AF-04 represents a novel avenue for the treatment of MARV-caused disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Haiyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Xinwei Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Hang Zheng
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Junjuan Feng
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Longlong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100089, China
| | - He Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Chunxia Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Xinying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Yuanqiang Zheng
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Weijin Huang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Youchun Wang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Yanchun Shi
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, China.
| | - Jiannan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100089, China.
| | - Guojiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100089, China.
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5
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Damelang T, Brinkhaus M, van Osch TLJ, Schuurman J, Labrijn AF, Rispens T, Vidarsson G. Impact of structural modifications of IgG antibodies on effector functions. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1304365. [PMID: 38259472 PMCID: PMC10800522 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1304365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies are a critical component of the adaptive immune system, binding to and neutralizing pathogens and other foreign substances. Recent advances in molecular antibody biology and structural protein engineering enabled the modification of IgG antibodies to enhance their therapeutic potential. This review summarizes recent progress in both natural and engineered structural modifications of IgG antibodies, including allotypic variation, glycosylation, Fc engineering, and Fc gamma receptor binding optimization. We discuss the functional consequences of these modifications to highlight their potential for therapeutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timon Damelang
- Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Sanquin Research, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Antibody Research & Technologies’, Genmab, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Maximilian Brinkhaus
- Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Thijs L. J. van Osch
- Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Janine Schuurman
- Department of Antibody Research & Technologies’, Genmab, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Aran F. Labrijn
- Department of Antibody Research & Technologies’, Genmab, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Theo Rispens
- Sanquin Research, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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6
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Wang L, Zhou Y, Cui H, Zhuang X, Cheng C, Weng Y, Liu H, Wang S, Pan X, Cui Y, Zhang W. IGH repertoire analysis at scale: deciphering the complexity of B cell infiltration and migration in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Gene Ther 2024; 31:131-147. [PMID: 37985722 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-023-00689-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating B-lineage cells have become predictors of prognosis and immunotherapy responses in various cancers. However, limited knowledge about their infiltration and migration patterns has hindered the understanding of their anti-tumor functions. Here, we examined the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) repertoires in 496 multi-regional tumor, 107 normal tissue, and 48 metastatic lymph node samples obtained from 107 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Our study revealed higher IgG-type B-lineage cells infiltration in tumors than in healthy tissue, which was associated with improved patient outcomes. Genes such as ACTN1, COL6A5, and pathways like focal adhesion, which shapes the physical structure of tumors, could affect B-lineage cell infiltration. Notably, the IGH sequence was used as an identity-tag to monitor B cell migration, and their infiltration schema within the tumor were depicted based on our multi-regional tumor specimens. This analysis revealed an escalation in B cell clones overlapped between metastatic lymph nodes and tumors. Therefore, the Lymph Node Activation Index was defined, which could predict the outcomes of patients with lymph node metastasis. This research introduces a novel framework for probing B cell infiltration and migration within the tumor microenvironment using large-scale transcriptome data, while simultaneously providing fresh perspectives on B cell immunology within ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Wang
- Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (PKU-HKUST) Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, China
- Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518028, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (PKU-HKUST) Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, China
- Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518028, China
| | - Heyang Cui
- Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (PKU-HKUST) Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, China
- Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518028, China
| | - Xuehan Zhuang
- Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (PKU-HKUST) Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, China
- Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518028, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (PKU-HKUST) Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, China
- Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518028, China
| | - Yongjia Weng
- Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (PKU-HKUST) Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, China
- Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518028, China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Shubin Wang
- Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (PKU-HKUST) Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, China
- Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518028, China
| | - Xinghua Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
| | - Yongping Cui
- Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (PKU-HKUST) Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, China.
- Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518028, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China.
| | - Weimin Zhang
- Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (PKU-HKUST) Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, China.
- Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518028, China.
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
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7
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Bauer-Smith H, Sudol ASL, Beers SA, Crispin M. Serum immunoglobulin and the threshold of Fc receptor-mediated immune activation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130448. [PMID: 37652365 PMCID: PMC11032748 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies can mediate immune recruitment or clearance of immune complexes through the interaction of their Fc domain with cellular Fc receptors. Clustering of antibodies is a key step in generating sufficient avidity for efficacious receptor recognition. However, Fc receptors may be saturated with prevailing, endogenous serum immunoglobulin and this raises the threshold by which cellular receptors can be productively engaged. Here, we review the factors controlling serum IgG levels in both healthy and disease states, and discuss how the presence of endogenous IgG is encoded into the functional activation thresholds for low- and high-affinity Fc receptors. We discuss the circumstances where antibody engineering can help overcome these physiological limitations of therapeutic antibodies. Finally, we discuss how the pharmacological control of Fc receptor saturation by endogenous IgG is emerging as a feasible mechanism for the enhancement of antibody therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Bauer-Smith
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Abigail S L Sudol
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Stephen A Beers
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Max Crispin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
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8
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Pejchal R, Cooper AB, Brown ME, Vásquez M, Krauland EM. Profiling the Biophysical Developability Properties of Common IgG1 Fc Effector Silencing Variants. Antibodies (Basel) 2023; 12:54. [PMID: 37753968 PMCID: PMC10526015 DOI: 10.3390/antib12030054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic antibodies represent the most significant modality in biologics, with around 150 approved drugs on the market. In addition to specific target binding mediated by the variable fragments (Fvs) of the heavy and light chains, antibodies possess effector functions through binding of the constant region (Fc) to Fcγ receptors (FcγR), which allow immune cells to attack and kill target cells using a variety of mechanisms. However, for some applications, including T-cell-engaging bispecifics, this effector function is typically undesired. Mutations within the lower hinge and the second constant domain (CH2) of IgG1 that comprise the FcγR binding interface reduce or eliminate effector function ("Fc silencing") while retaining binding to the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), important for normal antibody pharmacokinetics (PKs). Comprehensive profiling of biophysical developability properties would benefit the choice of constant region variants for development. Here, we produce a large panel of representative mutations previously described in the literature and in many cases in clinical or approved molecules, generate select combinations thereof, and characterize their binding and biophysical properties. We find that some commonly used CH2 mutations, including D265A and P331S, are effective in reducing binding to FcγR but significantly reduce stability, promoting aggregation, particularly under acidic conditions commonly employed in manufacturing. We highlight mutation sets that are particularly effective for eliminating Fc effector function with the retention of WT-like stability, including L234A, L235A, and S267K (LALA-S267K), L234A, L235E, and S267K (LALE-S267K), L234A, L235A, and P329A (LALA-P329A), and L234A, L235E, and P329G (LALE-P329G).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Pejchal
- Adimab LLC, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA; (M.E.B.); (M.V.); (E.M.K.)
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9
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Trzos S, Link-Lenczowski P, Pocheć E. The role of N-glycosylation in B-cell biology and IgG activity. The aspects of autoimmunity and anti-inflammatory therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1188838. [PMID: 37575234 PMCID: PMC10415207 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1188838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system is strictly regulated by glycosylation through the addition of highly diverse and dynamically changing sugar structures (glycans) to the majority of immune cell receptors. Although knowledge in the field of glycoimmunology is still limited, numerous studies point to the key role of glycosylation in maintaining homeostasis, but also in reflecting its disruption. Changes in oligosaccharide patterns can lead to impairment of both innate and acquired immune responses, with important implications in the pathogenesis of diseases, including autoimmunity. B cells appear to be unique within the immune system, since they exhibit both innate and adaptive immune activity. B cell surface is rich in glycosylated proteins and lectins which recognise glycosylated ligands on other cells. Glycans are important in the development, selection, and maturation of B cells. Changes in sialylation and fucosylation of cell surface proteins affect B cell signal transduction through BCRs, CD22 inhibitory coreceptor and Siglec-G. Plasmocytes, as the final stage of B cell differentiation, produce and secrete immunoglobulins (Igs), of which IgGs are the most abundant N-glycosylated proteins in human serum with the conserved N-glycosylation site at Asn297. N-oligosaccharide composition of the IgG Fc region affects its secretion, structure, half-life and effector functions (ADCC, CDC). IgG N-glycosylation undergoes little change during homeostasis, and may gradually be modified with age and during ongoing inflammatory processes. Hyperactivated B lymphocytes secrete autoreactive antibodies responsible for the development of autoimmunity. The altered profile of IgG N-glycans contributes to disease progression and remission and is sensitive to the application of therapeutic substances and immunosuppressive agents. In this review, we focus on the role of N-glycans in B-cell biology and IgG activity, the rearrangement of IgG oligosaccharides in aging, autoimmunity and immunosuppressive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Trzos
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Paweł Link-Lenczowski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Pocheć
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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10
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Zhang NZ, Zhao LF, Zhang Q, Fang H, Song WL, Li WZ, Ge YS, Gao P. Core fucosylation and its roles in gastrointestinal glycoimmunology. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:1119-1134. [PMID: 37546555 PMCID: PMC10401475 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i7.1119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is a common post-translational modification in eukaryotic cells. It is involved in the production of many biologically active glycoproteins and the regulation of protein structure and function. Core fucosylation plays a vital role in the immune response. Most immune system molecules are core fucosylated glycoproteins such as complements, cluster differentiation antigens, immunoglobulins, cytokines, major histocompatibility complex molecules, adhesion molecules, and immune molecule synthesis-related transcription factors. These core fucosylated glycoproteins play important roles in antigen recognition and clearance, cell adhesion, lymphocyte activation, apoptosis, signal transduction, and endocytosis. Core fucosylation is dominated by fucosyltransferase 8 (Fut8), which catalyzes the addition of α-1,6-fucose to the innermost GlcNAc residue of N-glycans. Fut8 is involved in humoral, cellular, and mucosal immunity. Tumor immunology is associated with aberrant core fucosylation. Here, we summarize the roles and potential modulatory mechanisms of Fut8 in various immune processes of the gastrointestinal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian-Zhu Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Li-Fen Zhao
- Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Cell Therapy, Shanghai Tianze Yuntai Biomedical Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200100, China
| | - Hui Fang
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-0005, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Wan-Li Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wen-Zhe Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu-Song Ge
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning Province, China
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Diamos AG, Pardhe MD, Bergeman MH, Kamzina AS, DiPalma MP, Aman S, Chaves A, Lowe K, Kilbourne J, Hogue IB, Mason HS. A self-binding immune complex vaccine elicits strong neutralizing responses against herpes simplex virus in mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1085911. [PMID: 37205110 PMCID: PMC10186352 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1085911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction It has been known for over half a century that mixing an antigen with its cognate antibody in an immune complex (IC) can enhance antigen immunogenicity. However, many ICs produce inconsistent immune responses, and the use of ICs in the development new vaccines has been limited despite the otherwise widespread success of antibody-based therapeutics. To address this problem, we designed a self-binding recombinant immune complex (RIC) vaccine which mimics the larger ICs generated during natural infection. Materials and methods In this study, we created two novel vaccine candidates: 1) a traditional IC targeting herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) by mixing glycoprotein D (gD) with a neutralizing antibody (gD-IC); and 2) an RIC consisting of gD fused to an immunoglobulin heavy chain and then tagged with its own binding site, allowing self-binding (gD-RIC). We characterized the complex size and immune receptor binding characteristics in vitro for each preparation. Then, the in vivo immunogenicity and virus neutralization of each vaccine were compared in mice. Results gD-RIC formed larger complexes which enhanced C1q receptor binding 25-fold compared to gD-IC. After immunization of mice, gD-RIC elicited up to 1,000-fold higher gD-specific antibody titers compared to traditional IC, reaching endpoint titers of 1:500,000 after two doses without adjuvant. The RIC construct also elicited stronger virus-specific neutralization against HSV-2, as well as stronger cross-neutralization against HSV-1, although the proportion of neutralizing antibodies to total antibodies was somewhat reduced in the RIC group. Discussion This work demonstrates that the RIC system overcomes many of the pitfalls of traditional IC, providing potent immune responses against HSV-2 gD. Based on these findings, further improvements to the RIC system are discussed. RIC have now been shown to be capable of inducing potent immune responses to a variety of viral antigens, underscoring their broad potential as a vaccine platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G. Diamos
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University (ASU), School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ian B. Hogue
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University (ASU), School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Hugh S. Mason
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University (ASU), School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
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Narvekar A, Puranik A, Kulkarni B, Jagtap D, Jain R, Dandekar P. FcγRIIIA affinity chromatography complements conventional functional characterization of rituximab. Biotechnol Prog 2023; 39:e3304. [PMID: 36181372 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Analytical and functional characterization of batches of biologics/biosimilar products are imperative towards qualifying them for pre-clinical and clinical investigations. Several orthogonal strategies are employed to characterize the functional attributes of these drugs. However, the use of conventional techniques for online monitoring of functional attributes is not feasible. Liquid chromatography is one of the crucial unit operations during the downstream processing of biopharmaceuticals. In this work, we have demonstrated the utility of FcγRIIIA affinity chromatography as an independent quantitative functional characterization tool. FcγRIIIA affinity chromatography aided in sequential elution of Rituximab glycoform mixtures, based on varying levels of galactosylation, and thereby the affinity for the receptor protein. The predominant glycans present in the three Rituximab glycoform mixture peaks were G0F, G1F, and G2F, respectively. Dissociation rate constants were derived from the chromatographic elution profiles by the peak profiling method, for the control and glucose stress conditions. The glucose stress conditions did not result in unfavorable binding kinetics of Rituximab and FcγRIIIA. The dissociation rate constants of the glycoform mixture 2, predominantly consisting of G1F, were similar to the dissociation rate constants obtained by surface plasmon resonance. Moreover, the glycosylation profiles obtained from chromatographic estimation can be corroborated with the ADCC activity. However, the ex vivo ADCC reporter assay indicated that there was an increase in the effector activity with increasing glucose stress. Thus, FcγRIIIA affinity chromatography permitted three independent assessments via a single analysis. Such approaches can be utilized as potential process analytical technology (PAT) tools in the biosimilar development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Narvekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Amita Puranik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Bhalchandra Kulkarni
- Division of Structural Biology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Dhanashree Jagtap
- Division of Structural Biology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Ratnesh Jain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Prajakta Dandekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
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13
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Bharadwaj P, Shrestha S, Pongracz T, Concetta C, Sharma S, Le Moine A, de Haan N, Murakami N, Riella LV, Holovska V, Wuhrer M, Marchant A, Ackerman ME. Afucosylation of HLA-specific IgG1 as a potential predictor of antibody pathogenicity in kidney transplantation. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100818. [PMID: 36384101 PMCID: PMC9729883 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is the leading cause of graft failure. While donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) are associated with a higher risk of AMR, not all patients with DSAs develop rejection, suggesting that the characteristics of alloantibodies determining their pathogenicity remain undefined. Using human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2-specific antibodies as a model, we apply systems serology tools to investigate qualitative features of immunoglobulin G (IgG) alloantibodies including Fc-glycosylation patterns and FcγR-binding properties. Levels of afucosylated anti-A2 antibodies are elevated in seropositive patients, especially those with AMR, suggesting potential cytotoxicity via FcγRIII-mediated mechanisms. Afucosylation of both glycoengineered monoclonal and naturally glycovariant polyclonal serum IgG specific to HLA-A2 drives potentiated binding to, slower dissociation from, and enhanced signaling through FcγRIII, a receptor widely expressed on innate effector cells, and greater cytotoxicity against HLA-A2+ cells mediated by natural killer (NK) cells. Collectively, these results suggest that afucosylated DSA may be a biomarker of AMR and contribute to pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Bharadwaj
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Sweta Shrestha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Tamas Pongracz
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Catalano Concetta
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Charleroi, Belgium; Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation, Hôpital Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Shilpee Sharma
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Alain Le Moine
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation, Hôpital Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Noortje de Haan
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Naoka Murakami
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leonardo V Riella
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vanda Holovska
- HLA Laboratory, Laboratoire Hospitalier Universitaire de Bruxelles (LHUB), Hôpital Erasme ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Arnaud Marchant
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Margaret E Ackerman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
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14
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Narvekar A, Pardeshi A, Jain R, Dandekar P. ADCC enhancement: A conundrum or a boon to mAb therapy? Biologicals 2022; 79:10-18. [PMID: 36085129 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of antibodies to distinctly identify the antigens is an important feature exploited by the scientific community for the treatment of various diseases. The therapeutic action of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is mediated along with the cells of the immune system, such as natural killer cells, T cells and macrophages. The two major mechanisms that govern the therapeutic efficacy of mAbs are the antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and the complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). Consequently, much of the research dedicated to improving their action is focussed on enhancing either of these mechanisms. This manuscript focuses on the strategies to enhance ADCC, for providing more efficacious mAb therapeutics. These approaches essentially bring about changes in the elements of ADCC mechanism, such as the effector cell or the antibody itself and thus favour an enhanced therapeutic response. Several technologies of ADCC enhancement have been developed, based on the success of various strategies advanced by the researchers. These technologies show success with a few antibody therapeutics while they do not work with others. This review presents a detailed overview on these strategies and presents perspectives regarding the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Narvekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Apurva Pardeshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Ratnesh Jain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India.
| | - Prajakta Dandekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India.
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15
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Oosterhoff JJ, Larsen MD, van der Schoot CE, Vidarsson G. Afucosylated IgG responses in humans - structural clues to the regulation of humoral immunity. Trends Immunol 2022; 43:800-814. [PMID: 36008258 PMCID: PMC9395167 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Healthy immune responses require efficient protection without excessive inflammation. Recent discoveries on the degree of fucosylation of a human N-linked glycan at a conserved site in the immunoglobulin IgG-Fc domain might add an additional regulatory layer to adaptive humoral immunity. Specifically, afucosylation of IgG-Fc enhances the interaction of IgG with FcγRIII and thereby its activity. Although plasma IgG is generally fucosylated, afucosylated IgG is raised in responses to enveloped viruses and Plasmodium falciparum proteins expressed on infected erythrocytes, as well as during alloimmune responses. Moreover, while afucosylation can exacerbate some infectious diseases (e.g., COVID-19), it also correlates with traits of protective immunity against malaria and HIV-1. Herein we discuss the implications of IgG afucosylation for health and disease, as well as for vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janita J Oosterhoff
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mads Delbo Larsen
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C Ellen van der Schoot
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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16
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Sołkiewicz K, Kacperczyk M, Krotkiewski H, Jędryka M, Kratz EM. O-Glycosylation Changes in Serum Immunoglobulin G Are Associated with Inflammation Development in Advanced Endometriosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158087. [PMID: 35897676 PMCID: PMC9330708 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a gynecological disease, the pathogenesis of which seems to be directly related to inflammatory processes with an immune basis. Our study aimed to analyze the O-glycosylation of native serum IgG and IgG isolated from sera of women with advanced endometriosis, without endometriosis but with benign gynecological diseases, and from a control group of healthy women, in the context of its utility for differentiation of advanced endometriosis from the other two groups of women studied. For the analysis of serum IgG O-glycosylation and the expression of multi-antennary N-glycans, lectin-ELISA with lectins specific to O-glycans (MPL, VVL, and Jacalin) and highly branched N-glycans (PHA-L) was used. The relative reactivities of isolated serum IgG O-linked glycans with specific lectins as well as the MPL/VVL O-glycosylation ratio were significantly higher in patients with advanced endometriosis and those with other gynecological diseases when compared to the control group of healthy women. We also showed significantly higher expression of PHA-L-reactive multi-antennary N-glycans in isolated IgG in the advanced endometriosis and the non-endometriosis groups in comparison to the control group. Additionally, significantly higher expression of Jacalin-reactive O-glycans in isolated IgG was observed in the non-endometriosis than in the advanced endometriosis group. The results of the ROC curve and cluster analysis additionally confirmed that the lectin-based analysis of isolated serum IgG O-glycosylation and the expression of highly branched N-glycans may help distinguish women with advanced endometriosis from healthy women. Moreover, the analysis of the expression of Jacalin-reactive i-IgG O-glycans may be helpful in differentiation between women with advanced endometriosis and patients with other gynecological diseases with an inflammatory background. In the case of non-endometriosis patients, the observed differences were most probably caused by increased expression of core 3 type O-glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Sołkiewicz
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Street 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (E.M.K.); Tel.: +48-71-784-01-52 (K.S.); +48-71-784-01-60 (E.M.K.)
| | - Monika Kacperczyk
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Street 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Hubert Krotkiewski
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Marcin Jędryka
- Department of Oncology, Gynecological Oncology Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Hirszfeld Square 12, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Department of Oncological Gynecology, Wroclaw Comprehensive Cancer Center, Hirszfeld Square 12, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Maria Kratz
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Street 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (E.M.K.); Tel.: +48-71-784-01-52 (K.S.); +48-71-784-01-60 (E.M.K.)
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Takagi‐Maeda S, Yajima S, Suzuki T, Usami K, Takahashi N, Niwa R, Shimada H. A novel cancer‐specific EGFR antibody obtained from the serum of esophageal cancer patients with long‐term survival. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:2118-2128. [PMID: 35348270 PMCID: PMC9207364 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Takagi‐Maeda
- Research and Development Division Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd. 3‐6‐6 Asahi‐machi, Machida‐shi Tokyo 194‐8533 Japan
| | - Satoshi Yajima
- Department of Surgery School of Medicine Toho University 6‐11‐1 Omori‐Nishi, Ota‐ku Tokyo 143‐8541 Japan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Department of Surgery School of Medicine Toho University 6‐11‐1 Omori‐Nishi, Ota‐ku Tokyo 143‐8541 Japan
| | - Katsuaki Usami
- Research and Development Division Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd. 3‐6‐6 Asahi‐machi, Machida‐shi Tokyo 194‐8533 Japan
| | - Nobuaki Takahashi
- Research and Development Division Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd. 1‐9‐2 Otemachi, Chiyoda‐ku Tokyo 100‐0004 Japan
| | - Rinpei Niwa
- Research and Development Division Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd. 3‐6‐6 Asahi‐machi, Machida‐shi Tokyo 194‐8533 Japan
| | - Hideaki Shimada
- Department of Surgery School of Medicine Toho University 6‐11‐1 Omori‐Nishi, Ota‐ku Tokyo 143‐8541 Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Clinical Oncology Toho University Graduate School of Medicine 6‐11‐1, Omori‐Nishi, Ota‐ku Tokyo 143‐8541 Japan
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18
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Sun Y, Li X, Wang T, Li W. Core Fucosylation Regulates the Function of Pre-BCR, BCR and IgG in Humoral Immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:844427. [PMID: 35401499 PMCID: PMC8990897 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.844427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the membrane molecules involved in immune response are glycosylated. N-glycans linked to asparagine (Asn) of immune molecules contribute to the protein conformation, surface expression, stability, and antigenicity. Core fucosylation catalyzed by core fucosyltransferase (FUT8) is the most common post-translational modification. Core fucosylation is essential for evoking a proper immune response, which this review aims to communicate. First, FUT8 deficiency suppressed the interaction between μHC and λ5 during pre-BCR assembly is given. Second, we described the effects of core fucosylation in B cell signal transduction via BCR. Third, we investigated the role of core fucosylation in the interaction between helper T (TH) cells and B cells. Finally, we showed the role of FUT8 on the biological function of IgG. In this review, we discussed recent insights into the sites where core fucosylation is critical for humoral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Sun
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Xueying Li
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases and World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Tiantong Wang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wenzhe Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Wenzhe Li,
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Next-Generation Sequencing Revealed a Distinct Immunoglobulin Repertoire with Specific Mutation Hotspots in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020161. [PMID: 35205028 PMCID: PMC8869405 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Identifying new molecular targets is of great importance for prognosis prediction and target therapy of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We previously reported on frequent expression of immunoglobulin (Ig) in myeloblasts. In this study, we investigated the clinical significance of Ig expression in sorted myeloblasts from 59 AML patients. We found that a higher level of AML-derived Ig expression correlated with a significantly shorter disease-free survival. Furthermore, we performed a comprehensive analysis of AML-derived Ig repertoire by next-generation sequencing (NGS) in 16 patients. The transcripts of AML-derived Ig shared some features with B cell-derived Ig, such as a typical V(D)J recombination and high mutation rates. However, they also showed distinct features. In contrast to the huge diversity of classical Ig, the VH-D-JH rearrangements used by AML-derived Ig were biased in each AML patient. In particularly, the Vκ-Jκ rearrangements were skewed in both AML blasts and normal peripheral blood mononucleated cells (PBMCs). However, AML-derived IGK showed high somatic mutation rates (>2%), while IGK in normal PBMCs rarely displayed hypermutation (<2%). More importantly, we identified five mutation hotspots at serine codons of IGKV3-20 in AML blasts, which may be involved in leukemogenesis and serve as a novel marker for disease monitoring and target therapy. Abstract Immunoglobulin (Ig) is known as a hallmark of B-lymphocytes exerting antibody functions. However, our previous studies demonstrated that myeloblasts from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients could also express Ig with distinct roles. Here, we quantified Ig (IGHG and IGK) transcripts by real-time PCR and performed a comprehensive analysis of Ig repertoire (both heavy chains and light chains) in AML blasts. We found that Ig was frequently expressed by AML blasts. A higher level of AML-derived IGHG expression correlated with a significantly shorter disease-free survival. Next-generation sequencing revealed dysregulated transcripts of all five Ig classes (IGHA, IGHD, IGHE, IGHG, and IGHM) and two Ig types (IGK and IGL) in AML. VH-D-JH rearrangements in myeloblasts were biased with individual specificity rather than generally diverse as in B-cells. Compared to AML-derived IgH, AML-derived IGK was more conserved among different AML samples. The frequently shared Vκ-Jκ patterns were IGKV3-20*01/IGKJ1*01, IGKV2D-28*01/IGKJ1*01, and IGKV4-1*01/IGKJ1*01. Moreover, AML-derived IGK was different from classical IGK in B-cells for the high mutation rates and special mutation hotspots at serine codons. Findings of the distinct Ig repertoire in myeloblasts may facilitate the discovery of a new molecular marker for disease monitoring and target therapy.
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Sołkiewicz K, Krotkiewski H, Jędryka M, Czekański A, Kratz EM. The Alterations of Serum IgG Fucosylation as a Potential Additional New Diagnostic Marker in Advanced Endometriosis. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:251-266. [PMID: 35058701 PMCID: PMC8764169 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s341906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis is an inflammatory disease leading to the growth of endometrial-like tissue outside of the uterus, which affects approximately 10% of young women of reproductive potential. The diagnosis of this disease is difficult, often invasive and time-consuming, therefore non-invasive diagnostic methods are strongly desirable in endometriosis detection. The aim of our project was to investigate whether any associations exist between the expression of serum IgG fucosylation and advanced stages of endometriosis. We were also interested in whether native serum IgG (s-IgG) fucosylation analysis, without prior IgG isolation, could provide a panel of parameters helpful in non-invasive diagnostics of advanced endometriosis. METHODS IgG fucosylation was examined using a lectin-ELISA test with fucose-specific lectins: AAL and LCA, specific for core fucose α1,6-linked, as well as LTA and UEA which recognize α1,3- and α1,2-linked fucose, respectively. RESULTS ROC curve and cluster analysis showed s-IgG reactivities with the panel of fucose-specific lectins AAL, LCA and LTA. CONCLUSION s-IgG reactivity with the panel of fucose-specific lectins AAL, LCA and LTA can be taken into account as a useful diagnostic and clinical tool to differentiate women with advanced endometriosis. Moreover, it has been shown that the analysis of native IgG fucosylation directly in serum, without prior time-consuming, expensive IgG isolation, is sufficient to distinguish advanced stages of endometriosis from a control group of healthy women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Sołkiewicz
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, 50-556, Poland
| | - Hubert Krotkiewski
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, 53-114, Poland
| | - Marcin Jędryka
- Department of Oncology, Gynecological Oncology Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, 53-413, Poland
- Department of Oncological Gynecology, Wroclaw Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wroclaw, 53-413, Poland
| | - Andrzej Czekański
- Department of Oncology, Gynecological Oncology Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, 53-413, Poland
- Department of Oncological Gynecology, Wroclaw Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wroclaw, 53-413, Poland
| | - Ewa Maria Kratz
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, 50-556, Poland
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21
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Treger RS, Fink SL. Beyond Titer: Expanding the Scope of Clinical Autoantibody Testing. J Appl Lab Med 2022; 7:99-113. [DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfab123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Autoantibodies that bind self-antigens are a hallmark of autoimmune diseases, but can also be present in healthy individuals. Clinical assays that detect and titer antigen-specific autoantibodies are an important component of the diagnosis and monitoring of autoimmune diseases. Autoantibodies may contribute to disease pathogenesis via effector functions that are dictated by both the antigen-binding site and constant domain.
Content
In this review, we discuss features of antibodies, in addition to antigen-binding specificity, which determine effector function. These features include class, subclass, allotype, and glycosylation. We discuss emerging data indicating that analysis of these antibody features may be informative for diagnosis and monitoring of autoimmune diseases. We also consider methodologies to interrogate these features and consider how they could be implemented in the clinical laboratory.
Summary
Future autoantibody assays may incorporate assessment of additional antibody features that contribute to autoimmune disease pathogenesis and provide added clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Treger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Susan L Fink
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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22
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Woodall DW, Dillon TM, Kalenian K, Padaki R, Kuhns S, Semin DJ, Bondarenko PV. Non-targeted characterization of attributes affecting antibody-FcγRIIIa V158 (CD16a) binding via online affinity chromatography-mass spectrometry. MAbs 2022; 14:2004982. [PMID: 34978527 PMCID: PMC8741291 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2021.2004982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies facilitate targeted cell killing by engaging with immune cells such as natural killer cells through weak binding interactions with Fcγ receptors on the cell surface. Here, we evaluate the binding affinity of the receptor FcγRIIIa V158 (CD16a) for several therapeutic antibody classes, isoforms, and Fc-fusion proteins using an immobilized receptor affinity liquid chromatography (LC) approach coupled with online mass spectrometry (MS) detection. Aglycosylated FcγRIIIa was used in the affinity chromatography and compared with published affinities using glycosylated receptors. Affinity LC-MS differentiated the IgG1 antibodies primarily according to their Fc glycosylation patterns, with highly galactosylated species having greater affinity for the immobilized receptors and thus eluting later from the column (M5< G0F < G0 afucosylated ≅ G1F < G2F). Sialylated species bound weaker to their asialylated counterparts as reported previously. High mannose glycoforms bound weaker than G0F, contrary to previously published studies using glycosylated receptors. Also, increased receptor binding affinity associated with afucosylated antibodies was not observed with the aglycosylated FcγRIIIa. This apparent difference from previous findings highlighted the importance of the glycans on the receptors for mediating stronger binding interactions. Characterization of temperature-stressed samples by LC-MS peptide mapping revealed over 200 chemical and post-translational modifications, but only the Fc glycans, deamidation of EU N325, and an unknown modification to either proline or cysteine residues of the hinge region were found to have a statistically significant impact on binding. Abbreviations: Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), Chinese hamster ovary (CHO), dithiothreitol (DTT), electrospray ionization (ESI), hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDX), filter aided-sample preparation (FASP), Fcγ receptor (FcγR), fragment crystallizable (Fc), high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), immunoglobulin G (IgG), liquid chromatography (LC), monoclonal antibody (mAb), mass spectrometry (MS), natural killer (NK), N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NGNA), N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA), principal component analysis (PCA), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), and extracted mass chromatogram (XMC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Woodall
- Attribute Sciences, Process Development, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Thomas M Dillon
- Attribute Sciences, Process Development, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Kevin Kalenian
- Attribute Sciences, Process Development, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Rupa Padaki
- Attribute Sciences, Process Development, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Scott Kuhns
- Attribute Sciences, Process Development, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - David J Semin
- Attribute Sciences, Process Development, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Pavel V Bondarenko
- Attribute Sciences, Process Development, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
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23
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Autoantibody profile in a Malaysian cohort of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Neuromuscul Disord 2022; 32:255-262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Karimifar M, Akbari K, ArefNezhad R, Fathi F, Mousaei Ghasroldasht M, Motedayyen H. Impacts of FcγRIIB and FcγRIIIA gene polymorphisms on systemic lupus erythematous disease activity index. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:455. [PMID: 34922596 PMCID: PMC8684074 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05868-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) disease is a chronic autoimmune disease with unknown etiology that can involve different organs. Polymorphisms in Fcγ receptors have been identified as genetic factors in susceptibility to SLE. This study was aimed to investigate effects of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within FcγRIIB and FcγRIIIA genes on systemic lupus erythematous disease activity index (SLEDAI) in an Iranian population. RESULTS Our findings indicated TT and GG genotypes were the common genotypes of FcγRIIB and FcγRIIIA SNPs in SLE patients, respectively. There were no significant differences in genotype and allele frequencies of FcγRIIB and FcγRIIIA SNPs in SLE and healthy subjects. However, the frequencies of genotypes and alleles of FcγRIIB and FcγRIIIA SNPs were significantly associated with some clinical manifestations used to determine SLEDAI (P < 0.001-0.5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoor Karimifar
- Department of Rheumatology, Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Khosro Akbari
- Department of Rheumatology, Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza ArefNezhad
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farshid Fathi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mousaei Ghasroldasht
- Ariagene Medical Genetic Laboratory, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Hossein Motedayyen
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, 5th Kilometer of Ravand Road, Kashan, Iran.
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25
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Zlatina K, Galuska SP. Immunoglobulin Glycosylation - An Unexploited Potential for Immunomodulatory Strategies in Farm Animals. Front Immunol 2021; 12:753294. [PMID: 34733284 PMCID: PMC8558360 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.753294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The function of antibodies, namely the identification and neutralization of pathogens, is mediated by their antigen binding site (Fab). In contrast, the subsequent signal transduction for activation of the immune system is mediated by the fragment crystallizable (Fc) region, which interacts with receptors or other components of the immune system, such as the complement system. This aspect of binding and interaction is more precise, readjusted by covalently attached glycan structures close to the hinge region of immunoglobulins (Ig). This fine-tuning of Ig and its actual state of knowledge is the topic of this review. It describes the function of glycosylation at Ig in general and the associated changes due to corresponding glycan structures. We discuss the functionality of IgG glycosylation during different physiological statuses, like aging, lactation and pathophysiological processes. Further, we point out what is known to date about Ig glycosylation in farm animals and how new achievements in vaccination may contribute to improved animal welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Zlatina
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian P Galuska
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
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26
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Crowley AR, Osei-Owusu NY, Dekkers G, Gao W, Wuhrer M, Magnani DM, Reimann KA, Pincus SH, Vidarsson G, Ackerman ME. Biophysical Evaluation of Rhesus Macaque Fc Gamma Receptors Reveals Similar IgG Fc Glycoform Preferences to Human Receptors. Front Immunol 2021; 12:754710. [PMID: 34712242 PMCID: PMC8546228 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.754710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhesus macaques are a common non-human primate model used in the evaluation of human monoclonal antibodies, molecules whose effector functions depend on a conserved N-linked glycan in the Fc region. This carbohydrate is a target of glycoengineering efforts aimed at altering antibody effector function by modulating the affinity of Fcγ receptors. For example, a reduction in the overall core fucose content is one such strategy that can increase antibody-mediated cellular cytotoxicity by increasing Fc-FcγRIIIa affinity. While the position of the Fc glycan is conserved in macaques, differences in the frequency of glycoforms and the use of an alternate monosaccharide in sialylated glycan species add a degree of uncertainty to the testing of glycoengineered human antibodies in rhesus macaques. Using a panel of 16 human IgG1 glycovariants, we measured the affinities of macaque FcγRs for differing glycoforms via surface plasmon resonance. Our results suggest that macaques are a tractable species in which to test the effects of antibody glycoengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Crowley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Nana Yaw Osei-Owusu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Gillian Dekkers
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wenda Gao
- Antagen Pharmaceuticals Inc., Boston, MA, United States
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Diogo M. Magnani
- Nonhuman Primate Reagent Resource, MassBiologics of the University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Keith A. Reimann
- Nonhuman Primate Reagent Resource, MassBiologics of the University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Seth H. Pincus
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Margaret E. Ackerman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
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27
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The Role of Fc Receptors on the Effectiveness of Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168947. [PMID: 34445651 PMCID: PMC8396266 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the approval of the first monoclonal antibody (mAb) in 1986, a huge effort has been made to guarantee safety and efficacy of therapeutic mAbs. As of July 2021, 118 mAbs are approved for the European market for a broad range of clinical indications. In order to ensure clinical efficacy and safety aspects, (pre-)clinical experimental approaches evaluate the respective modes of action (MoA). In addition to antigen-specificity including binding affinity and -avidity, MoA comprise Fc-mediated effector functions such as antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and the closely related antibody dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). For this reason, a variety of cell-based assays have been established investigating effector functions of therapeutic mAbs with different effector/target-cell combinations and several readouts including Fcγ receptor (FcγR)-mediated lysis, fluorescence, or luminescence. Optimized FcγR-mediated effector functions regarding clinical safety and efficacy are addressed with modification strategies such as point mutations, altered glycosylation patterns, combination of different Fc subclasses (cross isotypes), and Fc-truncation of the mAb. These strategies opened the field for a next generation of therapeutic mAbs. In conclusion, it is of major importance to consider FcγR-mediated effector functions for the efficacy of therapeutic mAbs.
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28
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Afucosylated IgG Targets FcγRIV for Enhanced Tumor Therapy in Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102372. [PMID: 34069226 PMCID: PMC8156657 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer treatments are increasingly based on therapeutic antibodies to clear tumors. While in vivo mouse models are useful to predict effectiveness of human antibodies it is not completely clear how useful these models are to test antibodies engineered with enhanced effector functions designed for humans. One of the changes considered for many new antibody-based drugs is the removal of fucose (resulting in afucosylated IgG) which enhances IgG-Fc receptor (FcγR) mediated effector functions in humans through FcγRIIIa. Here we show that afucosylated human IgG1 also have enhanced effector functions against peritoneal metastasis of melanoma cells in mice through the evolutionary related mouse FcγRIV. This shows that afucosylated human IgG is functionally recognized across species and shows that mouse tumor models can be used to assess the therapeutic potential of afucosylated IgG1. Abstract Promising strategies for maximizing IgG effector functions rely on the introduction of natural and non-immunogenic modifications. The Fc domain of IgG antibodies contains an N-linked oligosaccharide at position 297. Human IgG antibodies lacking the core fucose in this glycan have enhanced binding to human (FcγR) IIIa/b, resulting in enhanced antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity and phagocytosis through these receptors. However, it is not yet clear if glycan-enhancing modifications of human IgG translate into more effective treatment in mouse models. We generated humanized hIgG1-TA99 antibodies with and without core-fucose. C57Bl/6 mice that were injected intraperitoneally with B16F10-gp75 mouse melanoma developed significantly less metastasis outgrowth after treatment with afucosylated hIgG1-TA99 compared to mice treated with wildtype hhIgG1-TA99. Afucosylated human IgG1 showed stronger interaction with the murine FcγRIV, the mouse orthologue of human FcγRIIIa, indicating that this glycan change is functionally conserved between the species. In agreement with this, no significant differences were observed in tumor outgrowth in FcγRIV-/- mice treated with human hIgG1-TA99 with or without the core fucose. These results confirm the potential of using afucosylated therapeutic IgG to increase their efficacy. Moreover, we show that afucosylated human IgG1 antibodies act across species, supporting that mouse models can be suitable to test afucosylated antibodies.
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29
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Spiteri VA, Doutch J, Rambo RP, Gor J, Dalby PA, Perkins SJ. Solution structure of deglycosylated human IgG1 shows the role of C H2 glycans in its conformation. Biophys J 2021; 120:1814-1834. [PMID: 33675758 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human immunoglobulin G (IgG) class is the most prevalent antibody in serum, with the IgG1 subclass being the most abundant. IgG1 is composed of two Fab regions connected to a Fc region through a 15-residue hinge peptide. Two glycan chains are conserved in the Fc region in IgG; however, their importance for the structure of intact IgG1 has remained unclear. Here, we subjected glycosylated and deglycosylated monoclonal human IgG1 (designated as A33) to a comparative multidisciplinary structural study of both forms. After deglycosylation using peptide:N-glycosidase F, analytical ultracentrifugation showed that IgG1 remained monomeric and the sedimentation coefficients s020,w of IgG1 decreased from 6.45 S by 0.16-0.27 S. This change was attributed to the reduction in mass after glycan removal. X-ray and neutron scattering revealed changes in the Guinier structural parameters after deglycosylation. Although the radius of gyration (RG) was unchanged, the cross-sectional radius of gyration (RXS-1) increased by 0.1 nm, and the commonly occurring distance peak M2 of the distance distribution curve P(r) increased by 0.4 nm. These changes revealed that the Fab-Fc separation in IgG1 was perturbed after deglycosylation. To explain these changes, atomistic scattering modeling based on Monte Carlo simulations resulted in 123,284 and 119,191 trial structures for glycosylated and deglycosylated IgG1 respectively. From these, 100 x-ray and neutron best-fit models were determined. For these, principal component analyses identified five groups of structural conformations that were different for glycosylated and deglycosylated IgG1. The Fc region in glycosylated IgG1 showed a restricted range of conformations relative to the Fab regions, whereas the Fc region in deglycosylated IgG1 showed a broader conformational spectrum. These more variable Fc conformations account for the loss of binding to the Fcγ receptor in deglycosylated IgG1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina A Spiteri
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James Doutch
- ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Robert P Rambo
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Jayesh Gor
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A Dalby
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Perkins
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
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30
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Damelang T, Aitken EH, Hasang W, Lopez E, Killian M, Unger HW, Salanti A, Shub A, McCarthy E, Kedzierska K, Lappas M, Kent SJ, Rogerson SJ, Chung AW. Antibody mediated activation of natural killer cells in malaria exposed pregnant women. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4130. [PMID: 33602987 PMCID: PMC7893158 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83093-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune effector responses against Plasmodium falciparum include antibody-mediated activation of innate immune cells, which can induce Fc effector functions, including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and the secretion of cytokines and chemokines. These effector functions are regulated by the composition of immunoglobulin G (IgG) Fc N-linked glycans. However, a role for antibody-mediated natural killer (NK) cells activation or Fc N-linked glycans in pregnant women with malaria has not yet been established. Herein, we studied the capacity of IgG antibodies from pregnant women, with placental malaria or non-placental malaria, to induce NK cell activation in response to placental malaria-associated antigens DBL2 and DBL3. Antibody-mediated NK cell activation was observed in pregnant women with malaria, but no differences were associated with susceptibility to placental malaria. Elevated anti-inflammatory glycosylation patterns of IgG antibodies were observed in pregnant women with or without malaria infection, which were not seen in healthy non-pregnant controls. This suggests that pregnancy-associated anti-inflammatory Fc N-linked glycans may dampen the antibody-mediated activation of NK cells in pregnant women with malaria infection. Overall, although anti-inflammatory glycans and antibody-dependent NK cell activation were detected in pregnant women with malaria, a definitive role for these antibody features in protecting against placental malaria remains to be proven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timon Damelang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Elizabeth H Aitken
- Department of Medicine, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Wina Hasang
- Department of Medicine, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ester Lopez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Martin Killian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- Groupe sur l'Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes, Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Holger W Unger
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT, Australia
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Ali Salanti
- Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Centre for Medical Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexis Shub
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Elizabeth McCarthy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Martha Lappas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Department, Alfred Health, Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen J Rogerson
- Department of Medicine, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Amy W Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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31
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Bastian K, Scott E, Elliott DJ, Munkley J. FUT8 Alpha-(1,6)-Fucosyltransferase in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E455. [PMID: 33466384 PMCID: PMC7795606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation is a universal feature of cancer cells that can impact all steps in tumour progression from malignant transformation to metastasis and immune evasion. One key change in tumour glycosylation is altered core fucosylation. Core fucosylation is driven by fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), which catalyses the addition of α1,6-fucose to the innermost GlcNAc residue of N-glycans. FUT8 is frequently upregulated in cancer, and plays a critical role in immune evasion, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and the regulation of TGF-β, EGF, α3β1 integrin and E-Cadherin. Here, we summarise the role of FUT8 in various cancers (including lung, liver, colorectal, ovarian, prostate, breast, melanoma, thyroid, and pancreatic), discuss the potential mechanisms involved, and outline opportunities to exploit FUT8 as a critical factor in cancer therapeutics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Bastian
- Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK; (E.S.); (D.J.E.); (J.M.)
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32
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Nimmerjahn F, Werner A. Sweet Rules: Linking Glycosylation to Antibody Function. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2021; 112:365-393. [PMID: 34687017 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-76912-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies produced upon infections with pathogenic microorganisms are essential for clearing primary infections and for providing the host with long-lasting immunity. Moreover, antibodies have become the most widely used platform for developing novel therapies against cancer and autoimmunity, requiring an in-depth understanding of how antibodies mediate their activity in vivo and which factors modulate pro- or anti-inflammatory antibody activities. Since the discovery that select residues present in the sugar domain attached to the immunoglobulin G (IgG) fragment crystallizable (Fc) region can modulate both, pro- and anti-inflammatory effector functions, a wealth of studies has focused on understanding how IgG glycosylation is regulated and how this knowledge can be used to optimize therapeutic antibody activity. With the introduction of glycoengineered afucosylated antibodies in cancer therapy and the initiation of clinical testing of highly sialylated anti-inflammatory antibodies the proof-of-concept that understanding antibody glycosylation can lead to clinical innovation has been provided. The focus of this review is to summarize recent insights into how antibody glycosylation is regulated in vivo and how select sugar residues impact IgG function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk Nimmerjahn
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, Institute of Genetics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Anja Werner
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, Institute of Genetics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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33
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Chu TH, Patz EF, Ackerman ME. Coming together at the hinges: Therapeutic prospects of IgG3. MAbs 2021; 13:1882028. [PMID: 33602056 PMCID: PMC7899677 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2021.1882028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The human IgG3 subclass is conspicuously absent among the formats for approved monoclonal antibody therapies and Fc fusion protein biologics. Concern about the potential for rapid degradation, reduced plasma half-life, and increased immunogenicity due to marked variation in allotypes has apparently outweighed the potential advantages of IgG3, which include high affinity for activating Fcγ receptors, effective complement fixation, and a long hinge that appears better suited for low abundance targets. This review aims to highlight distinguishing features of IgG3 and to explore its functional role in the immune response. We present studies of natural immunity and recombinant antibody therapies that elucidate key contributions of IgG3 and discuss historical roadblocks that no longer remain clearly relevant. Collectively, this body of evidence motivates thoughtful reconsideration of the clinical advancement of this distinctive antibody subclass for treatment of human diseases. Abbreviations: ADCC - Antibody-Dependent Cell-mediated CytotoxicityADE - Antibody-dependent enhancementAID - Activation-Induced Cytidine DeaminaseCH - Constant HeavyCHF - Complement factor HCSR - Class Switch RecombinationEM - Electron MicroscopyFab - Fragment, antigen bindingFc - Fragment, crystallizableFcRn - Neonatal Fc ReceptorFcγR - Fc gamma ReceptorHIV - Human Immunodeficiency VirusIg - ImmunoglobulinIgH - Immunoglobulin Heavy chain geneNHP - Non-Human Primate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thach H. Chu
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Edward F. Patz
- Department of Radiology and Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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34
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Mimura Y, Saldova R, Mimura-Kimura Y, Rudd PM, Jefferis R. Importance and Monitoring of Therapeutic Immunoglobulin G Glycosylation. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2021; 112:481-517. [PMID: 34687020 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-76912-3_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The complex diantennary-type oligosaccharides at Asn297 residues of the IgG heavy chains have a profound impact on the safety and efficacy of therapeutic IgG monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Fc glycosylation of a mAb is an established critical quality attribute (CQA), and its oligosaccharide profile is required to be thoroughly characterized by state-of-the-art analytical methods. The Fc oligosaccharides are highly heterogeneous, and the differentially glycosylated species (glycoforms) of IgG express unique biological activities. Glycoengineering is a promising approach for the production of selected mAb glycoforms with improved effector functions, and non- and low-fucosylated mAbs exhibiting enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity activity have been approved or are under clinical evaluation for treatment of cancers, autoimmune/chronic inflammatory diseases, and infection. Recently, the chemoenzymatic glycoengineering method that allows for the transfer of structurally defined oligosaccharides to Asn-linked GlcNAc residues with glycosynthase has been developed for remodeling of IgG-Fc oligosaccharides with high efficiency and flexibility. Additionally, various glycoengineering methods have been developed that utilize the Fc oligosaccharides of IgG as reaction handles to conjugate cytotoxic agents by "click chemistry", providing new routes to the design of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) with tightly controlled drug-antibody ratios (DARs) and homogeneity. This review focuses on current understanding of the biological relevance of individual IgG glycoforms and advances in the development of next-generation antibody therapeutics with improved efficacy and safety through glycoengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Mimura
- Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Yamaguchi Ube Medical Center, Ube, Japan.
| | - Radka Saldova
- NIBRT GlycoScience Group, National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Dublin, Ireland
- UCD School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yuka Mimura-Kimura
- Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Yamaguchi Ube Medical Center, Ube, Japan
| | - Pauline M Rudd
- NIBRT GlycoScience Group, National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Dublin, Ireland
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Centros, Singapore
| | - Roy Jefferis
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Dall'Olio F, Malagolini N. Immunoglobulin G Glycosylation Changes in Aging and Other Inflammatory Conditions. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2021; 112:303-340. [PMID: 34687015 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-76912-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Among the multiple roles played by protein glycosylation, the fine regulation of biological interactions is one of the most important. The asparagine 297 (Asn297) of IgG heavy chains is decorated by a diantennary glycan bearing a number of galactose and sialic acid residues on the branches ranging from 0 to 2. In addition, the structure can present core-linked fucose and/or a bisecting GlcNAc. In many inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, as well as in metabolic, cardiovascular, infectious, and neoplastic diseases, the IgG Asn297-linked glycan becomes less sialylated and less galactosylated, leading to increased expression of glycans terminating with GlcNAc. These conditions alter also the presence of core-fucose and bisecting GlcNAc. Importantly, similar glycomic alterations are observed in aging. The common condition, shared by the above-mentioned pathological conditions and aging, is a low-grade, chronic, asymptomatic inflammatory state which, in the case of aging, is known as inflammaging. Glycomic alterations associated with inflammatory diseases often precede disease onset and follow remission. The aberrantly glycosylated IgG glycans associated with inflammation and aging can sustain inflammation through different mechanisms, fueling a vicious loop. These include complement activation, Fcγ receptor binding, binding to lectin receptors on antigen-presenting cells, and autoantibody reactivity. The complex molecular bases of the glycomic changes associated with inflammation and aging are still poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Dall'Olio
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Nadia Malagolini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Grunst MW, Grandea AG, Janaka SK, Hammad I, Grimes P, Karl JA, Wiseman R, O'Connor DH, Evans DT. Functional Interactions of Common Allotypes of Rhesus Macaque FcγR2A and FcγR3A with Human and Macaque IgG Subclasses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:3319-3332. [PMID: 33208458 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The rhesus macaque is an important animal model for AIDS and other infectious diseases. However, the investigation of Fc-mediated Ab responses in macaques is complicated by species-specific differences in FcγRs and IgG subclasses relative to humans. To assess the effects of these differences on FcγR-IgG interactions, reporter cell lines expressing common allotypes of human and rhesus macaque FcγR2A and FcγR3A were established. FcγR-mediated responses to B cells were measured in the presence of serial dilutions of anti-CD20 Abs with Fc domains corresponding to each of the four subclasses of human and rhesus IgG and with Fc variants of IgG1 that enhance binding to FcγR2A or FcγR3A. All of the FcγRs were functional and preferentially recognized either IgG1 or IgG2. Whereas allotypes of rhesus FcγR2A were identified with responses similar to variants of human FcγR2A with higher (H131) and lower (R131) affinity for IgG, all of the rhesus FcγR3A allotypes exhibited responses most similar to the higher affinity V158 variant of human FcγR3A. Unlike responses to human IgGs, there was little variation in FcγR-mediated responses to different subclasses of rhesus IgG. Phylogenetic comparisons suggest that this reflects limited sequence variation of macaque IgGs as a result of their relatively recent diversification from a common IGHG gene since humans and macaques last shared a common ancestor. These findings reveal species-specific differences in FcγR-IgG interactions with important implications for investigating Ab effector functions in macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Grunst
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705; and
| | - Andres G Grandea
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705; and.,Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715
| | - Sanath Kumar Janaka
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705; and
| | - Iman Hammad
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705; and
| | - Parker Grimes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705; and
| | - Julie A Karl
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715
| | - Roger Wiseman
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715
| | - David H O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705; and.,Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715
| | - David T Evans
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705; and .,Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715
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Zhang M, Li Z, Li J, Huang T, Peng G, Tang W, Yi G, Zhang L, Song Y, Liu T, Hu X, Ren L, Liu H, Butler JE, Han H, Zhao Y. Revisiting the Pig IGHC Gene Locus in Different Breeds Uncovers Nine Distinct IGHG Genes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:2137-2145. [PMID: 32929042 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IgG subclass diversification is common in placental mammals. It has been well documented in humans and mice that different IgG subclasses, with diversified functions, synergistically regulate humoral immunity. However, our knowledge on the genomic and functional diversification of IgG subclasses in the pig, a mammalian species with high agricultural and biomedical importance, is incomplete. Using bacterial artificial chromosome sequencing and newly assembled genomes generated by the PacBio sequencing approach, we characterized and mapped the IgH C region gene locus in three indigenous Chinese breeds (Erhualian, Xiang, and Luchuan) and compared them to that of Duroc. Our data revealed that IGHG genes in Chinese pigs differ from the Duroc, whereas the IGHM, IGHD, IGHA, and IGHE genes were all single copy and highly conserved in the pig breeds examined. Most striking were differences in numbers of IGHG genes: there are seven genes in Erhualian pigs, six in the Duroc, but only five in Xiang pigs. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that all reported porcine IGHG genes could be classified into nine subclasses: IGHG1, IGHG2a, IGHG2b, IGHG2c, IGHG3, IGHG4, IGHG5a, IGHG5b, and IGHG5c. Using sequence information, we developed a mouse mAb specific for IgG3. This study offers a starting point to investigate the structure-function relationship of IgG subclasses in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenrong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaochuang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenda Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Yi
- Research Centre for Animal Genome, Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Yu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianran Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Honglin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China; and
| | - John E Butler
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Haitang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China;
| | - Yaofeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China;
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Wang H, Xu Q, Zhao C, Zhu Z, Zhu X, Zhou J, Zhang S, Yang T, Zhang B, Li J, Yan M, Liu R, Ma C, Quan Y, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Geng Y, Chen C, Chen S, Liu D, Chen Y, Tian D, Su M, Chen X, Gu J. An immune evasion mechanism with IgG4 playing an essential role in cancer and implication for immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:jitc-2020-000661. [PMID: 32819973 PMCID: PMC7443307 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-000661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent impressive advances in cancer immunotherapy have been largely derived from cellular immunity. The role of humoral immunity in carcinogenesis has been less understood. Based on our previous observations we hypothesize that an immunoglobulin subtype IgG4 plays an essential role in cancer immune evasion. METHODS The distribution, abundance, actions, properties and possible mechanisms of IgG4 were investigated with human cancer samples and animal tumor models with an extensive array of techniques both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS In a cohort of patients with esophageal cancer we found that IgG4-containing B lymphocytes and IgG4 concentration were significantly increased in cancer tissue and IgG4 concentrations increased in serum of patients with cancer. Both were positively related to increased cancer malignancy and poor prognoses, that is, more IgG4 appeared to associate with more aggressive cancer growth. We further found that IgG4, regardless of its antigen specificity, inhibited the classic immune reactions of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis and complement-dependent cytotoxicity against cancer cells in vitro, and these effects were obtained through its Fc fragment reacting to the Fc fragments of cancer-specific IgG1 that has been bound to cancer antigens. We also found that IgG4 competed with IgG1 in reacting to Fc receptors of immune effector cells. Therefore, locally increased IgG4 in cancer microenvironment should inhibit antibody-mediated anticancer responses and help cancer to evade local immune attack and indirectly promote cancer growth. This hypothesis was verified in three different immune potent mouse models. We found that local application of IgG4 significantly accelerated growth of inoculated breast and colorectal cancers and carcinogen-induced skin papilloma. We also tested the antibody drug for cancer immunotherapy nivolumab, which was IgG4 in nature with a stabilizing S228P mutation, and found that it significantly promoted cancer growth in mice. This may provide an explanation to the newly appeared hyperprogressive disease sometimes associated with cancer immunotherapy. CONCLUSION There appears to be a previously unrecognized immune evasion mechanism with IgG4 playing an essential role in cancer microenvironment with implications in cancer diagnosis and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine, Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine, Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Chanyuan Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine, Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Ziqi Zhu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine, Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine, Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Junjie Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine, Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Shuming Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine, Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Tiqun Yang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine, Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Biying Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine, Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine, Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Meiling Yan
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine, Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Renming Liu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine, Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Changchun Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Quan
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine, Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yongqu Zhang
- Department of Breast Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine, Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yiqun Geng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine, Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Chuangzhen Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaobin Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ditian Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuping Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongping Tian
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine, Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Min Su
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine, Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xueling Chen
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine, Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jiang Gu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine, Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Jinxin Research Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Chengdu, China
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Principles of N-Linked Glycosylation Variations of IgG-Based Therapeutics: Pharmacokinetic and Functional Considerations. Antibodies (Basel) 2020; 9:antib9020022. [PMID: 32532067 PMCID: PMC7345016 DOI: 10.3390/antib9020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of recombinant therapeutic proteins has been a major revolution in modern medicine. Therapeutic-based monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are growing rapidly, providing a potential class of human pharmaceuticals that can improve the management of cancer, autoimmune diseases, and other conditions. Most mAbs are typically of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass, and they are glycosylated at the conserved asparagine position 297 (Asn-297) in the CH2 domain of the Fc region. Post-translational modifications here account for the observed high heterogeneity of glycoforms that may or not impact the stability, pharmacokinetics (PK), efficacy, and immunogenicity of mAbs. These modifications are also critical for the Fc receptor binding, and consequently, key antibody effector functions including antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). Moreover, mAbs produced in non-human cells express oligosaccharides that are not normally found in serum IgGs might lead to immunogenicity issues when administered to patients. This review summarizes our understanding of the terminal sugar residues, such as mannose, sialic acids, fucose, or galactose, which influence therapeutic mAbs either positively or negatively in this regard. This review also discusses mannosylation, which has significant undesirable effects on the PK of glycoproteins, causing a decreased mAbs’ half-life. Moreover, terminal galactose residues can enhance CDC activities and Fc–C1q interactions, and core fucose can decrease ADCC and Fc–FcγRs binding. To optimize the therapeutic use of mAbs, glycoengineering strategies are used to reduce glyco-heterogeneity of mAbs, increase their safety profile, and improve the therapeutic efficacy of these important reagents.
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40
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de Taeye SW, Bentlage AEH, Mebius MM, Meesters JI, Lissenberg-Thunnissen S, Falck D, Sénard T, Salehi N, Wuhrer M, Schuurman J, Labrijn AF, Rispens T, Vidarsson G. FcγR Binding and ADCC Activity of Human IgG Allotypes. Front Immunol 2020; 11:740. [PMID: 32435243 PMCID: PMC7218058 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) is an Fc-dependent effector function of IgG important for anti-viral immunity and anti-tumor therapies. NK-cell mediated ADCC is mainly triggered by IgG-subclasses IgG1 and IgG3 through the IgG-Fc-receptor (FcγR) IIIa. Polymorphisms in the immunoglobulin gamma heavy chain gene likely form a layer of variation in the strength of the ADCC-response, but this has never been studied in detail. We produced all 27 known IgG allotypes and assessed FcγRIIIa binding and ADCC activity. While all IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4 allotypes behaved similarly within subclass, large allotype-specific variation was found for IgG3. ADCC capacity was affected by residues 291, 292, and 296 in the CH2 domain through altered affinity or avidity for FcγRIIIa. Furthermore, allotypic variation in hinge length affected ADCC, likely through altered proximity at the immunological synapse. Thus, these functional differences between IgG allotypes have important implications for therapeutic applications and susceptibility to infectious-, allo- or auto-immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven W de Taeye
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Arthur E H Bentlage
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Suzanne Lissenberg-Thunnissen
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - David Falck
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Sénard
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Nima Salehi
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Theo Rispens
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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41
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Yu J, Song Y, Tian W. How to select IgG subclasses in developing anti-tumor therapeutic antibodies. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:45. [PMID: 32370812 PMCID: PMC7201658 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00876-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The intact antibody of human immunoglobulin (IgG) is composed of the fragment for antigen binding (Fab) and the crystallizable fragment (Fc) for binding of Fcγ receptors. Among the four subclasses of human IgG (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4), which differ in their constant regions, particularly in their hinges and CH2 domains, IgG1 has the highest FcγR-binding affinity, followed by IgG3, IgG2, and IgG4. As a result, different subclasses have different effector functions such as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). Fcγ receptors include six subtypes (FcγRI, FcγRIIA, FcγRIIB, FcγRIIC, FcγRIIIA, FcγRIIIB) which differ in cellular distribution, binding affinity to Fc, and the resulting biological activity. Therefore, when developing anti-tumor therapeutic antibodies, including single-targeted antibodies, bi-specific antibodies (BsAbs), and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), many factors, such as target biology, cellular distribution of the targets, the environments of particular tumor types, as well as the proposed mechanism of action (MOA), must be taken into consideration. This review outlines fundamental strategies that are required to select IgG subclasses in developing anti-tumor therapeutic antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifeng Yu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China. .,Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Yongping Song
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Wenzhi Tian
- ImmuneOnco Biopharmaceuticals (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201203, China.
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42
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Järvå MA, Dramicanin M, Lingford JP, Mao R, John A, Jarman KE, Grinter R, Goddard-Borger ED. Structural basis of substrate recognition and catalysis by fucosyltransferase 8. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:6677-6688. [PMID: 32220931 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucosylation of the innermost GlcNAc of N-glycans by fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8) is an important step in the maturation of complex and hybrid N-glycans. This simple modification can dramatically affect the activities and half-lives of glycoproteins, effects that are relevant to understanding the invasiveness of some cancers, development of mAb therapeutics, and the etiology of a congenital glycosylation disorder. The acceptor substrate preferences of FUT8 are well-characterized and provide a framework for understanding N-glycan maturation in the Golgi; however, the structural basis of these substrate preferences and the mechanism through which catalysis is achieved remain unknown. Here we describe several structures of mouse and human FUT8 in the apo state and in complex with GDP, a mimic of the donor substrate, and with a glycopeptide acceptor substrate at 1.80-2.50 Å resolution. These structures provide insights into a unique conformational change associated with donor substrate binding, common strategies employed by fucosyltransferases to coordinate GDP, features that define acceptor substrate preferences, and a likely mechanism for enzyme catalysis. Together with molecular dynamics simulations, the structures also revealed how FUT8 dimerization plays an important role in defining the acceptor substrate-binding site. Collectively, this information significantly builds on our understanding of the core fucosylation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Järvå
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Marija Dramicanin
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - James P Lingford
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Runyu Mao
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Alan John
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kate E Jarman
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Rhys Grinter
- Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ethan D Goddard-Borger
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia .,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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R409K mutation prevents acid-induced aggregation of human IgG4. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229027. [PMID: 32182240 PMCID: PMC7077836 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunoglobulin G isotype 4 (IgG4) antibodies are suitable for use in either the antagonist or agonist format because their low effector functions prevent target cytotoxicity or unwanted cytokine secretion. However, while manufacturing therapeutic antibodies, they are exposed to low pH during purification, and IgG4 is more susceptible to low-pH-induced aggregation than IgG1. Therefore, we investigated the underlying mechanisms of IgG4 aggregation at low pH and engineered an IgG4 with enhanced stability. By swapping the constant regions of IgG1 and IgG4, we determined that the constant heavy chain (CH3) domain is critical for aggregate formation, but a core-hinge-stabilizing S228P mutation in IgG4 is insufficient for preventing aggregation. To identify the aggregation-prone amino acid, we substituted the CH3 domain of IgG4 with that of IgG1, changing IgG4 Arg409 to a Lys, thereby preventing the aggregation of the IgG4 variant as effectively as in IgG1. A stabilizing effect was also recorded with other variable-region variants. Analysis of thermal stability using differential scanning calorimetry revealed that the R409K substitution increased the Tm value of CH3, suggesting that the R409K mutation contributed to the structural strengthening of the CH3-CH3 interaction. The R409K mutation did not influence the binding to antigens/human Fcγ receptors; whereas, the concurrent S228P and R409K mutations in IgG4 suppressed Fab-arm exchange drastically and as effectively as in IgG1, in both in vitro and in vivo in mice models. Our findings suggest that the IgG4 R409K variant represents a potential therapeutic IgG for use in low-effector-activity format that exhibits increased stability.
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Disis ML, Corulli LR, Gad EA, Koehnlein MR, Cecil DL, Senter PD, Gardai SJ, Okeley NM. Therapeutic and Prophylactic Antitumor Activity of an Oral Inhibitor of Fucosylation in Spontaneous Mammary Cancers. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:1102-1109. [PMID: 32165557 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
2-fluorofucose (2FF) inhibits protein and cellular fucosylation. Afucosylation of IgG antibodies enhances antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity by modulating antibody affinity for FcγRIIIa, which can impact secondary T-cell activation. Immune responses toward most common solid tumors are dominated by a humoral immune response rather than the presence of tumor-infiltrating cytotoxic T cells. IgG antibodies directed against numerous tumor-associated proteins are found in the sera of both patients with breast cancer and transgenic mice bearing mammary cancer. We questioned whether 2FF would have antitumor activity in two genetically distinct transgenic models; TgMMTV-neu (luminal B) and C3(1)-Tag (basal) mammary cancer. 2FF treatment significantly improved overall survival. The TgMMTV-neu doubled survival time compared with controls [P < 0.0001; HR, 7.04; 95% confidence interval (CI), 3.31-15.0], and survival was significantly improved in C3(1)-Tag (P = 0.0013; HR, 3.36; 95% CI, 1.58-7.14). 2FF treated mice, not controls, developed delayed-type hypersensitivity and T-cell responses specific for syngeneic tumor lysates (P < 0.0001). Serum IgG from 2FF-treated mice enhanced tumor lysis more efficiently than control sera (P = 0.004). Administration of 2FF for prophylaxis, at two different doses, significantly delayed tumor onset in both TgMMTV-neu; 20 mmol/L (P = 0.0004; HR, 3.55; 95% CI, 1.60-7.88) and 50 mmol/L (P = 0.0002; HR: 3.89; 95% CI, 1.71-8.86) and C3(1)-Tag; 20 mmol/L (P = 0.0020; HR, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.22-5.18), and 50 mmol/L (P = 0.0012; HR, 3.36; 95% CI, 1.57-7.18). Mammary cancer was prevented in 33% of TgMMTV-neu and 26% of C3(1)-Tag. 2FF has potent antitumor effects in mammary cancer models. The agent shows preclinical efficacy for both cancer treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary L Disis
- UW Medicine Cancer Vaccine Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
| | - Lauren R Corulli
- UW Medicine Cancer Vaccine Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ekram A Gad
- UW Medicine Cancer Vaccine Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Marlese R Koehnlein
- UW Medicine Cancer Vaccine Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Denise L Cecil
- UW Medicine Cancer Vaccine Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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45
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Saito S, Namisaki H, Hiraishi K, Takahashi N, Iida S. Engineering a human IgG2 antibody stable at low pH. Protein Sci 2020; 29:1186-1195. [PMID: 32142185 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
IgG2 subclass antibodies have unique properties that include low effector function and a rigid hinge region. Although some IgG2 subclasses have been clinically tested and approved for therapeutic use, they have a higher propensity than IgG1 for aggregation, which can curtail or abolish their biological activity and enhance their immunogenicity. In this regard, acid-induced aggregation of monoclonal antibodies during purification and virus inactivation must be prevented. In the present study, we replaced the constant domain of IgG2 with that of IgG1, using anti-2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) IgG2 as a model antibody, and investigated whether that would confer greater stability. While the anti-DNP IgG2 antibody showed significant aggregation at low pH, this was reduced for the IgG2 antibody containing the IgG1 CH2 domain. Substituting three amino acids within the CH2 domain-namely, F300Y, V309L, and T339A (IgG2_YLA)-reduced aggregation at low pH and increased CH2 transition temperature, as determined by differential scanning calorimetric analysis. IgG2_YLA exhibited similar antigen-binding capacity to IgG2, low affinity for FcγRIIIa, and low binding ability to C1q. The same YLA substitution also reduced the aggregation of panitumumab, another IgG2 antibody, at low pH. Our engineered human IgG2 antibody showed reduced aggregation during bioprocessing and provides a basis for designing improved IgG2 antibodies for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Saito
- Antibody & Biologics Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Namisaki
- Open Innovation Department, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Hiraishi
- Antibody & Biologics Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Takahashi
- Research Functions Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Iida
- Antibody & Biologics Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
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46
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Barolo L, Abbriano RM, Commault AS, George J, Kahlke T, Fabris M, Padula MP, Lopez A, Ralph PJ, Pernice M. Perspectives for Glyco-Engineering of Recombinant Biopharmaceuticals from Microalgae. Cells 2020; 9:E633. [PMID: 32151094 PMCID: PMC7140410 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae exhibit great potential for recombinant therapeutic protein production, due to lower production costs, immunity to human pathogens, and advanced genetic toolkits. However, a fundamental aspect to consider for recombinant biopharmaceutical production is the presence of correct post-translational modifications. Multiple recent studies focusing on glycosylation in microalgae have revealed unique species-specific patterns absent in humans. Glycosylation is particularly important for protein function and is directly responsible for recombinant biopharmaceutical immunogenicity. Therefore, it is necessary to fully characterise this key feature in microalgae before these organisms can be established as industrially relevant microbial biofactories. Here, we review the work done to date on production of recombinant biopharmaceuticals in microalgae, experimental and computational evidence for N- and O-glycosylation in diverse microalgal groups, established approaches for glyco-engineering, and perspectives for their application in microalgal systems. The insights from this review may be applied to future glyco-engineering attempts to humanize recombinant therapeutic proteins and to potentially obtain cheaper, fully functional biopharmaceuticals from microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Barolo
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway Campus, Ultimo NSW 2007, Sydney, Australia; (R.M.A.); (A.S.C.); (J.G.); (T.K.); (M.F.); (P.J.R.)
| | - Raffaela M. Abbriano
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway Campus, Ultimo NSW 2007, Sydney, Australia; (R.M.A.); (A.S.C.); (J.G.); (T.K.); (M.F.); (P.J.R.)
| | - Audrey S. Commault
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway Campus, Ultimo NSW 2007, Sydney, Australia; (R.M.A.); (A.S.C.); (J.G.); (T.K.); (M.F.); (P.J.R.)
| | - Jestin George
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway Campus, Ultimo NSW 2007, Sydney, Australia; (R.M.A.); (A.S.C.); (J.G.); (T.K.); (M.F.); (P.J.R.)
| | - Tim Kahlke
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway Campus, Ultimo NSW 2007, Sydney, Australia; (R.M.A.); (A.S.C.); (J.G.); (T.K.); (M.F.); (P.J.R.)
| | - Michele Fabris
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway Campus, Ultimo NSW 2007, Sydney, Australia; (R.M.A.); (A.S.C.); (J.G.); (T.K.); (M.F.); (P.J.R.)
- CSIRO Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Matthew P. Padula
- School of Life Sciences and Proteomics Core Facility, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Sydney, Australia;
| | - Angelo Lopez
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK;
| | - Peter J. Ralph
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway Campus, Ultimo NSW 2007, Sydney, Australia; (R.M.A.); (A.S.C.); (J.G.); (T.K.); (M.F.); (P.J.R.)
| | - Mathieu Pernice
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway Campus, Ultimo NSW 2007, Sydney, Australia; (R.M.A.); (A.S.C.); (J.G.); (T.K.); (M.F.); (P.J.R.)
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Kang J, Kim SY, Vallejo D, Hageman TS, White DR, Benet A, Coghlan J, Sen KI, Ford M, Saveliev S, Tolbert TJ, Weis DD, Schwendeman SP, Ruotolo BT, Schwendeman A. Multifaceted assessment of rituximab biosimilarity: The impact of glycan microheterogeneity on Fc function. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 146:111-124. [PMID: 31841688 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Biosimilars are poised to reduce prices and increase patient access to expensive, but highly effective biologic products. However, questions still remain about the degree of similarity and scarcity of information on biosimilar products from outside of the US/EU in the public domain. Thus, as an independent entity, we performed a comparative analysis between the innovator, Rituxan® (manufactured by Genentech/Roche), and a Russian rituximab biosimilar, Acellbia® (manufactured by Biocad). We evaluated biosimilarity of these two products by a variety of state-of-the-art analytical mass spectrometry techniques, including tandem MS mapping, HX-MS, IM-MS, and intact MS. Both were found to be generally similar regarding primary and higher order structure, though differences were identified in terms of glycoform distribution levels of C-terminal Lys, N-terminal pyroGlu, charge variants and soluble aggregates. Notably, we confirmed that the biosimilar had a higher level of afucosylated glycans, resulting in a stronger FcγIIIa binding affinity and increased ADCC activity. Taken together, our work provides a comprehensive comparison of Rituxan® and Acellbia®.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukyung Kang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Sang Yeop Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Daniel Vallejo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Tyler S Hageman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, United States
| | - Derek R White
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, United States
| | - Alexander Benet
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Jill Coghlan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - K Ilker Sen
- Protein Metrics Inc., San Carlos, CA 94070, United States
| | | | | | - Thomas J Tolbert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, United States
| | - David D Weis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, United States
| | - Steven P Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Brandon T Ruotolo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Anna Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
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Jurczak W, Cohen S, Illidge TM, Silva AD, Amersdorffer J. Scientific rationale underpinning the development of biosimilar rituximab in hematological cancers and inflammatory diseases. Future Oncol 2019; 15:4223-4234. [PMID: 31718287 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2019-0430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sandoz rituximab (SDZ-RTX; Rixathon®; GP2013), a rituximab biosimilar, was approved in June 2017 in Europe in all indications of reference rituximab. The stepwise SDZ-RTX development program generated extensive physicochemical, structural, functional, and biological data demonstrating a match with reference rituximab on all clinically relevant attributes. A focused clinical development program followed, in two indications selected for sensitivity to detect potential differences versus reference rituximab: rheumatoid arthritis (pivotal pharmacokinetics and efficacy evaluation) and follicular lymphoma (pivotal efficacy/safety evaluation). These trials demonstrated highly similar pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity profiles. The totality of evidence for biosimilarity for SDZ-RTX, combined with knowledge that B-cell depletion is common to each approved indication, allowed SDZ-RTX approval for use in all indications of reference rituximab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Jurczak
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute, Oncology Centre, Kraków, Poland
| | - Stanley Cohen
- Metroplex Clinical Research Center, Dallas, TX 75231, USA
| | - Timothy M Illidge
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Manchester, UK.,The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Antonio da Silva
- At time of writing: Sandoz Biopharmaceuticals, Hexal AG, Holzkirchen, Germany.,At time of publication: da Silva Consulting Services, Munich, Germany
| | - Jutta Amersdorffer
- Global Product Development, Sandoz International GmbH, Holzkirchen, Germany
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49
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Goonatilleke E, Huang J, Xu G, Wu L, Smilowitz JT, German JB, Lebrilla CB. Human Milk Proteins and Their Glycosylation Exhibit Quantitative Dynamic Variations during Lactation. J Nutr 2019; 149:1317-1325. [PMID: 31098625 PMCID: PMC6686052 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteins in human milk are essential and known to support the growth, development, protection, and health of the newborn. These proteins are highly modified by glycans that are currently being recognized as vital to protein structure, stability, function, and health of the intestinal mucosa. Although milk proteins have been studied, the quantitative changes in milk proteins and their respective site-specific glycosylation are unknown. OBJECTIVE This study expanded the analytical tools for milk proteins and their site-specific glycosylation and applied these tools to a large cohort to determine changes in individual protein concentrations and their site-specific N-glycosylation across lactation. DESIGN A tandem mass spectrometry method was applied to 231 breast-milk samples from 33 mothers in Davis, California, obtained during 7 different periods of lactation. Dynamic changes in the absolute abundances of milk proteins, as well as variation in site-specific N-glycosylation of individual proteins, were quantified. RESULTS α-Lactalbumin, β-casein, k-casein, and α-antitrypsin were significantly increased from colostrum to transitional milk (4.37 ± 1.33 g/L to 6.41 ± 0.72 g/L, 2.25 ± 0.86 g/L to 2.59 ± 0.78 g/L, 1.33 ± 0.44 g/L to 1.60 ± 0.39 g/L, and 0.09 ± 0.10 g/L to 0.11 ± 0.04 g/L, respectively; P < 0.002). α-Lactalbumin (37%), β-casein (9%), and lysozyme (159%) were higher in mature milk than in colostrum. Glycans exhibited different behavior. Fucosylated glycans of lactoferrin and high-mannose, undecorated, fucosylated, sialylated, and combined fucosylated + sialylated glycans of secretory immunoglobulin A increased during lactation even when the concentrations of the parent proteins decreased. CONCLUSIONS Proteins in healthy mothers vary dynamically through lactation to support the development of infants. Individual milk proteins carried unique glycan modifications that varied systematically in structure even with site specificity. The role of glycosylation in human milk proteins will be important in understanding the functional components of human milk. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01817127.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gege Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Davis, CA
| | | | - Jennifer T Smilowitz
- Foods for Health Institute, Davis, CA
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Davis, CA
| | - J Bruce German
- Foods for Health Institute, Davis, CA
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Davis, CA
| | - Carlito B Lebrilla
- Department of Chemistry, Davis, CA
- Foods for Health Institute, Davis, CA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
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50
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Dudek S, Weißmüller S, Anzaghe M, Miller L, Sterr S, Hoffmann K, Hengel H, Waibler Z. Human Fcγ receptors compete for TGN1412 binding that determines the antibody's effector function. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:1117-1126. [PMID: 31002172 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The first-in-human clinical trial of the CD28-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) TGN1412 resulted in a life-threatening cytokine release syndrome. Although TGN1412 was designed as IgG4, known for weak Fc:Fcγ receptor (FcγR) interactions, these interactions contributed to TGN1412-induced T-cell activation. Using cell lines (TFs) expressing human FcγRI, -IIa, -IIb, or -III, we show that TGN1412 and TGN1412 as IgG1 and IgG2 are bound by FcγRs as it can be deduced from literature. However, upon coculture of TGN1412-decorated T cells with TFs or human primary blood cells, we observed that binding capacities by FcγRs do not correlate with the strength of the mediated effector function. FcγRIIa and FcγRIIb, showing no or very minor binding to TGN1412, mediated strongest T cell proliferation, while high-affinity FcγRI, exhibiting strong TGN1412 binding, mediated hardly any T-cell proliferation. These findings are of biological relevance because we show that FcγRI binds TGN1412, thus prevents binding to FcγRIIa or FcγRIIb, and consequently disables T-cell proliferation. In line with this, FcγRI- FcγRII+ but not FcγRI+ FcγRII+ monocytes mediate TGN1412-induced T-cell proliferation. Collectively, by using TGN1412 as example, our results indicate that binding of monomeric IgG subclasses does not predict the FcγR-mediated effector function, which has major implications for the design of therapeutic mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Dudek
- Product Testing of Immunological Biopharmaceuticals, Division of Immunology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Sabrina Weißmüller
- Product Testing of Immunological Biopharmaceuticals, Division of Immunology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Martina Anzaghe
- Product Testing of Immunological Biopharmaceuticals, Division of Immunology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Lilija Miller
- Product Testing of Immunological Biopharmaceuticals, Division of Immunology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Sarah Sterr
- Product Testing of Immunological Biopharmaceuticals, Division of Immunology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Katja Hoffmann
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Zoe Waibler
- Product Testing of Immunological Biopharmaceuticals, Division of Immunology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
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