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Tu R, Shang Y, Li X, He F, Tu J. Optimizing cabin air inlet velocities and personal risk assessment: Introducing the Personal Contamination Ratio (PCR) method for enhanced aircraft cabin infection risk evaluation. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0309730. [PMID: 39240842 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Recurrent epidemics of respiratory infections have drawn attention from the academic community and the general public in recent years. Aircraft plays a pivotal role in facilitating the cross-regional transmission of pathogens. In this study, we initially utilized an Airbus A320 model for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, subsequently validating the model's efficacy in characterizing cabin airflow patterns through comparison with empirical data. Building upon this validated framework, we investigate the transport dynamics of droplets of varying sizes under three air supply velocities. The Euler-Lagrangian method is employed to meticulously track key parameters associated with droplet transport, enabling a comprehensive analysis of particle behavior within the cabin environment. This study integrates acquired data into a novel PCR (Personal Contamination Rate) equation to assess individual contamination rates. Numerical simulations demonstrate that increasing air supply velocity leads to enhanced stability in the movement of larger particles compared to smaller ones. Results show that the number of potential infections in the cabin decreases by 51.8% at the highest air supply velocity compared to the base air supply velocity, and the total exposure risk rate reduced by 26.4%. Thus, optimizing air supply velocity within a specific range effectively reduces the potential infection area. In contrast to previous research, this study provides a more comprehensive analysis of droplet movement dynamics across various particle sizes. We introduce an improved method for calculating the breathing zone, thereby enhancing droplet counting accuracy. These findings have significant implications for improving non-pharmacological public health interventions and optimizing cabin ventilation system design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renquan Tu
- College of Air Transportation, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Yidan Shang
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueren Li
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Fajiang He
- College of Air Transportation, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiyuan Tu
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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2
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Glampedakis E, Iglesias PC, Chiesa F, Qalla-Widmer L, Moroni MKK, Riccio C, Sobgoui B, Tessemo MIN, Cassini A. Effectiveness of annual influenza campaigns and vaccination in reducing influenza burden in nursing homes of Canton Vaud in Switzerland. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2024; 13:86. [PMID: 39113150 PMCID: PMC11304826 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-024-01443-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza infections pose significant risks for nursing home (NH) residents. Our aim was to evaluate the impact of the cantonal influenza campaign, and influenza vaccination coverage of residents and healthcare workers (HCWs) on influenza burden in NHs in a context of enhanced infection prevention and control measures (IPC) during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. METHODS We extracted data from epidemic reports provided by our unit to NHs over two consecutive winter seasons (2021-22 and 2022-23) and used linear regression to assess the impact of resident and HCW vaccination coverage, and participation in the campaign, on residents' cumulative influenza incidence and mortality. RESULTS Thirty-six NHs reported 155 influenza cases and 21 deaths during the two winter seasons corresponding to 6.2% of infected residents and a case fatality ratio of 13.5%. Median vaccination coverage was 83% for residents, 25.8% for HCWs, while 87% of NHs participated in the campaign. Resident vaccination was significantly associated with a decrease in odds of death (odds ratio (OR) 0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.93-0.99). There was no significant effect of HCW vaccination coverage on resident infections and deaths. Campaign participation was associated with decreased odds of infection and death among residents (OR: 0.17, 95% CI: 0.06-0.47 and OR: 0.06, 95% CI: 0.02-0.17 respectively). CONCLUSION Our analysis suggests that in a context of reinforced IPC measures, influenza still represents a significant burden for NH residents. The most effective measures in decreasing resident influenza burden in NHs was participation in the cantonal influenza vaccination campaign and resident vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Glampedakis
- Cantonal Unit for Infection Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Patricia Cuiña Iglesias
- Cantonal Unit for Infection Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Laetitia Qalla-Widmer
- Cantonal Unit for Infection Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, Lausanne, Switzerland
- La Source School of Nursing, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - May-Kou Ku Moroni
- Cantonal Unit for Infection Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Coralie Riccio
- Cantonal Unit for Infection Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Béatrix Sobgoui
- Cantonal Unit for Infection Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Alessandro Cassini
- Public Health Department, Canton of Vaud, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Infectious Diseases Service, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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3
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Daniels D. A Review of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Epidemiology Among Children: Linking Effective Prevention to Vulnerable Populations. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2024; 13:S131-S136. [PMID: 38995088 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piae017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the greatest contributor to lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in children less than 5 years of age and the leading cause for infant hospitalizations in the United States (US). The burden of severe disease disproportionately impacts racial and ethnic minority groups, highlighting the need for interventions that promote health equity. Recent advancements in effective prophylactic agents have the potential to drastically alter the landscape of RSV disease among all young children. The effectiveness of prophylaxis, however, will rely on a clear understanding of RSV epidemiology. The purpose of this review is to discuss key aspects of RSV epidemiology while focusing on efforts to support equitable distribution of prophylactic agents to mitigate existing health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Daniels
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
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4
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Jurkowicz M, Cohen H, Nemet I, Keller N, Leibovitz E, Sherman G, Kriger O, Barkai G, Mandelboim M, Stein M. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of hospitalized human metapneumovirus patients in Israel, 2015-2021: A retrospective cohort study. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29709. [PMID: 38828947 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) infection among hospitalized patients with acute respiratory infections during 2015-2021 and assessed the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on hMPV infection. A single-center, retrospective cohort study was performed, including pediatric and adult patients with laboratory-confirmed hMPV. Of a total of 990 patients, 253 (25.6%), 105 (10.6%), 121 (12.2%), and 511 (51.6%) belonged to age groups 0-2, 3-17, 18-59, and ≥60 years, respectively. The highest percentage (23.0%) of patients were hospitalized during 2019 and the lowest (4.7%) during 2020. Patients < 18 years experienced high rates of comorbidities (immunodeficiencies: 14.4% and malignancies: 29.9%). Here, 37/39 (94.9%) of all bronchiolitis cases were diagnosed in patients < 2 years, whereas more patients in older age groups were diagnosed with pneumonia. A greater proportion of hMPV patients diagnosed with viral coinfection (mostly respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus) were <18 years. The highest percentages of intensive care unit admissions were recorded among patients < 18 years. Our findings demonstrate that hMPV is an important cause of morbidity in young children and a possibly underestimated cause of morbidity among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menucha Jurkowicz
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Hodaya Cohen
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ital Nemet
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Nathan Keller
- Faculty of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Eugene Leibovitz
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Gilad Sherman
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Or Kriger
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Galia Barkai
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Michal Mandelboim
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Michal Stein
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Franco FC, Souza M, Fernandes SM, Dias ADC, Passos YG, Fiaccadori FS. Influenza A, influenza B, and SARS-COV-2 circulation patterns in midwest Brazil during the 2022-2023 period. Braz J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s42770-024-01381-3. [PMID: 38809495 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01381-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Until 2022, the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2, had profoundly impacted the world. Consequently, Brazil, including the state of Goiás, was also significantly affected. Furthermore, in the second half of 2022, the state of Goiás experienced an unusual rise in influenza cases, despite it being an off-season period for influenza viruses in this region. As SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza infection have similar clinical manifestations, surveillance strategies are crucial for public health. Understanding how SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza viruses co-circulate is important for surveillance and monitoring of these patterns of respiratory infections. In this context, this investigation monitored Influenza A and B cases from symptomatic individuals diagnosed as negative for COVID-19. Between September 2022 and May 2023, among the 779 samples tested, 126 (16.2%) were positive for Influenza A, whereas 93 samples (11.9%) were positive for Influenza B. In this period, the peak Influenza infection cases did not coincide with the peak of SARS-CoV-2 infections, suggesting a seasonal shift in viral circulation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Craveiro Franco
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública (IPTSP), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), 74605-050, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Menira Souza
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública (IPTSP), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), 74605-050, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Suleimy Marinho Fernandes
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública (IPTSP), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), 74605-050, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Arthur de Castro Dias
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública (IPTSP), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), 74605-050, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Yasmin Gomes Passos
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública (IPTSP), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), 74605-050, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Souza Fiaccadori
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública (IPTSP), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), 74605-050, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
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Xie Z, Zhu Z, Xu J, Mao N, Cui A, Wang W, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Xia B, Wang H, Sun Z, Zhang Y. Seasonal and Genetic Characteristics of Human Metapneumovirus Circulating - Henan Province, China, 2017-2023. China CDC Wkly 2024; 6:450-456. [PMID: 38846360 PMCID: PMC11150164 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2024.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study examines the seasonal and genetic characteristics of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) in Henan from 2017 to 2023. Methods Samples from patients with acute respiratory infection (ARI) testing positive for HMPV were subjected to real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction The G gene was amplified and sequenced from these samples for epidemiological and phylogenetic analysis. Results We enrolled 2,707 ARI patients from October 2017 to March 2023, finding an HMPV positivity rate of 6.17% (167/2,707). Children under five exhibited the highest infection rate at 7.78% (138/1,774). The 2018 and 2019 HMPV outbreaks predominantly occurred in spring (March to May), with peak positivity rates of 31.11% in May 2018 and 19.57% in May 2019. A notable increase occurred in November 2020, when positivity reached a historic high of 42.11%, continuing until January 2021. From February 2021 through March 2023, no significant seasonal peaks were observed, with rates ranging from 0% to 8.70%. Out of 81 G gene sequences analyzed, 46.91% (38/81) were identified as subtype A (A2c: 45.67%, 37/81; A2b: 1.23%, 1/81) and 53.09% (43/81) as subtype B (B1: 9.88%, 8/81; B2: 43.21%, 35/81). Notably, an AAABBA switch pattern was observed in HMPV subtypes. The dominant strains were A2c111nt-dup in subtype A and B2 in subtype B. Conclusions Six years of surveillance in Henan Province has detailed the seasonal and genetic dynamics of HMPV, contributing valuable insights for the control and prevention of HMPV infections in China. These findings support the development of targeted HMPV vaccines and immunization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Disease, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Disease, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Luohe City, Henan Province, China
| | - Naiying Mao
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Disease, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Aili Cui
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Disease, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Luohe City, Henan Province, China
| | - Yage Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Disease, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhibo Zhang
- Luohe Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Luohe City, Henan Province, China
| | - Baicheng Xia
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Disease, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Haoran Wang
- Luohe Central Hospital, Luohe City, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhen Sun
- Luohe Central Hospital, Luohe City, Henan Province, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Disease, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Korsun N, Trifonova I, Madzharova I, Alexiev I, Uzunova I, Ivanov I, Velikov P, Tcherveniakova T, Christova I. Resurgence of respiratory syncytial virus with dominance of RSV-B during the 2022-2023 season. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1376389. [PMID: 38628867 PMCID: PMC11019023 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1376389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of upper and lower respiratory tract infections. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and other respiratory viruses in Bulgaria, characterize the genetic diversity of RSV strains, and perform amino acid sequence analyses of RSV surface and internal proteins. Methods Clinical and epidemiological data and nasopharyngeal swabs were prospectively collected from patients with acute respiratory infections between October 2020 and May 2023. Real-time PCR for 13 respiratory viruses, whole-genome sequencing, phylogenetic, and amino acid analyses were performed. Results This study included three epidemic seasons (2020-2021, 2021-2022, and 2022-2023) from week 40 of the previous year to week 20 of the following year. Of the 3,047 patients examined, 1,813 (59.5%) tested positive for at least one viral respiratory pathogen. RSV was the second most detected virus (10.9%) after SARS-CoV-2 (22%). Coinfections between RSV and other respiratory viruses were detected in 68 cases, including 14 with SARS-CoV-2. After two seasons of low circulation, RSV activity increased significantly during the 2022-2023 season. The detection rates of RSV were 3.2, 6.6, and 13.7% in the first, second, and third seasons, respectively. RSV was the most common virus found in children under 5 years old with bronchiolitis (40%) and pneumonia (24.5%). RSV-B drove the 2022-2023 epidemic. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the sequenced RSV-B strains belonged to the GB5.0.5a and GB5.0.6a genotypes. Amino acid substitutions in the surface and internal proteins, including the F protein antigenic sites were identified compared to the BA prototype strain. Conclusion This study revealed a strong resurgence of RSV in the autumn of 2022 after the lifting of anti-COVID-19 measures, the leading role of RSV as a causative agent of serious respiratory illnesses in early childhood, and relatively low genetic diversity in circulating RSV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neli Korsun
- National Laboratory “Influenza and ARI”, Department of Virology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivelina Trifonova
- National Laboratory “Influenza and ARI”, Department of Virology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Iveta Madzharova
- National Laboratory “Influenza and ARI”, Department of Virology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivaylo Alexiev
- National Laboratory “Influenza and ARI”, Department of Virology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Ivan Ivanov
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Petar Velikov
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Iva Christova
- National Laboratory “Influenza and ARI”, Department of Virology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Trobajo-Sanmartín C, Navascués A, Fernández-Huerta M, Martínez-Baz I, Casado I, Ezpeleta C, Castilla J. Prevalence of Respiratory Viral Infections in Deceased Persons during the COVID-19 Pandemic Season 2021-2022: A Population-Based Observational Study. Viruses 2024; 16:533. [PMID: 38675876 PMCID: PMC11053769 DOI: 10.3390/v16040533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 circulated intensely during the 2021-2022 season, many patients with severe acute respiratory disease tested negative for COVID-19. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of different respiratory viruses in deceased persons. The proportion of deceased persons with respiratory viral infections in the 2021-2022 season in Navarre, Spain, was estimated considering all deaths caused by confirmed COVID-19 according to the epidemiological surveillance and the results of multiplex PCR tests for respiratory viruses performed in a sample of deceased persons with a cause of death other than COVID-19. Of 3578 deaths, 324 (9.1%) were initially reported as caused by pre-mortem confirmed COVID-19. A sample of 242 persons who died by causes other than COVID-19 were tested post-mortem; 64 (26.4%) of them were positive for any respiratory virus: 11.2% for SARS-CoV-2, 5.8% for rhinovirus, 3.7% for human coronavirus, 2.5% for metapneumovirus, 1.7% for respiratory syncytial virus, 1.7% for parainfluenza, 1.2% for influenza, and less than 1% each for adenovirus and bocavirus. Combining both approaches, we estimated that 34.4% of all deceased persons during the study period had a respiratory viral infection and 19.2% had SARS-CoV-2. Only 33.3% (9/27) of SARS-CoV-2 and 5.0% (2/40) of other viruses detected post-mortem had previously been confirmed pre-mortem. In a period with very intense circulation of SARS-CoV-2 during the pandemic, other respiratory viruses were also frequently present in deceased persons. Some SARS-CoV-2 infections and most other viral infections were not diagnosed pre-mortem. Several respiratory viruses may contribute to excess mortality in winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camino Trobajo-Sanmartín
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, 31003 Pamplona, Spain (I.C.)
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.N.); (M.F.-H.); (C.E.)
| | - Ana Navascués
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.N.); (M.F.-H.); (C.E.)
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miguel Fernández-Huerta
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.N.); (M.F.-H.); (C.E.)
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iván Martínez-Baz
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, 31003 Pamplona, Spain (I.C.)
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.N.); (M.F.-H.); (C.E.)
| | - Itziar Casado
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, 31003 Pamplona, Spain (I.C.)
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.N.); (M.F.-H.); (C.E.)
| | - Carmen Ezpeleta
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.N.); (M.F.-H.); (C.E.)
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jesús Castilla
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, 31003 Pamplona, Spain (I.C.)
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.N.); (M.F.-H.); (C.E.)
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Zhang WX, Zhao S, Pan C, Zhou Y, Wang C, Rui L, Du J, Wei TT, Liu YQ, Liu M, Lu QB, Cui F. Mass immunisation to eradicate Japanese encephalitis: Real-world evidence from Guizhou Province in 2005-2021. J Virus Erad 2024; 10:100366. [PMID: 38586471 PMCID: PMC10998223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jve.2024.100366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives To explore epidemiological changes of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in a long-time span and evaluate the impact of mass immunisation. Method Data on JE cases from hospitals and the county Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Guizhou Province was collected between 2005 and 2021. Epidemiological changes were analyzed according to a series of policy implementations and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Results A total of 5138 JE cases and 152 deaths were reported in Guizhou Province during 2005-2021. The average incidence and case fatality rates were 0.83/100,000 and 2.96%, respectively. The JE prevalence showed a declining trend over the years with the reduced incidence gap between age groups and narrowing of the high-epidemic regions. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the JE activity reached its nadir in 2020. The inclusion in the Expanded Program on Immunization of the JE vaccine and catch-up immunisations showed a significant impact on the JE declining incidence rate. Conclusions The implementation of JE immunisation programs has played a crucial role in controlling its spread. Continued efforts should be made to maintain high coverage of the JE vaccine and strengthen disease surveillance systems, ensuring JE effective control and eventual elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Xue Zhang
- Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research & Global Health and Infectious Diseases Group, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Suye Zhao
- Institute for Immunization Program, Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China
| | - Chunliu Pan
- Guiyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China
| | - Yiguo Zhou
- Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research & Global Health and Infectious Diseases Group, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Rui
- Institute for Immunization Program, Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China
| | - Juan Du
- Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research & Global Health and Infectious Diseases Group, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting-Ting Wei
- Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research & Global Health and Infectious Diseases Group, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Qiong Liu
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Institute for Immunization Program, Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China
| | - Qing-Bin Lu
- Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research & Global Health and Infectious Diseases Group, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Fuqiang Cui
- Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research & Global Health and Infectious Diseases Group, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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10
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Ekenoğlu Merdan Y, Göktaş Ş. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the circulation, seasonal distribution, and research of other respiratory pathogens in Turkey. J Infect Chemother 2024; 30:188-193. [PMID: 37802151 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Respiratory infections are one of the world's most common infectious diseases. Following the species, numbers, and seasonal distribution of acute respiratory agents is important for the protection of public health. Our study aimed to determine the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the circulation and seasonal distribution of non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory tract agents and research on non-SARS-CoV-2 agents. METHODS The results of the Multiplex PCR respiratory panel of 3702 nasopharyngeal swab samples sent between January 2018 and December 2021 were evaluated retrospectively. Scientific articles on acute respiratory infections between 2010 and 2021 from Turkey were analyzed in Scopus for bibliometric analysis. RESULTS 1.382 pathogens were detected. During the pandemic, the number of non-SARS-CoV-2 pathogens was found to be statistically significantly lower than before the pandemic. It was determined that while the most frequent agent before the pandemic was the Adenovirus, the most frequent agent was the RSV-A during the pandemic. Our network analysis of keywords indicated that academic interest in 2020-21 was directed toward COVID-19, which coincides with the pandemic period. CONCLUSIONS Our study determined the fact that the incidence, species, and seasonal distribution of non-SARS-COV-2 respiratory agents changed after the onset of the pandemic. Increasing the identification and following-up of these pathogens in health organizations and also presenting these data to literature and sharing with academics is important. We are of the opinion that the results of our study shall shed light on the epidemiology of changing respiratory infections and the prevention and following-up of future health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yağmur Ekenoğlu Merdan
- Biruni University Faculty of Medicine Department of Medical Microbiology, 34010, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Şafak Göktaş
- Maltepe University School of Medicine Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, 34857, Istanbul, Turkey
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11
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Yıldız MÇ, Ağca H, Kaya O, Selçuk İ, Akalın P, Akalın EH. Comparison of the i-test COVID-19 Rapid Antigen Test with Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR. INFECTIOUS DISEASES & CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2024; 6:66-69. [PMID: 38633439 PMCID: PMC11019722 DOI: 10.36519/idcm.2024.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Objective: Improvements in SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis with easy, rapid and cost-effective approaches are required to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Antigen tests result in 5 to 30 minutes, providing an advantage over polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in duration. We tested the performance of the i-test COVID-19 rapid antigen test to real-time reverse transcriptase PCR in 200 symptomatic COVID-19 suspected patients. The cycle threshold (Ct) values of the patients were found to be between 21.6 and 34.4. The Ct value of 10 patients who tested positive in the PCR test was >30. We found that the sensitivity and specificity of the antigen test were 80.6 % and 93.7 %, respectively, for samples with a Ct value of <30, and overall agreement between antigen and PCR test was 91.6 % for these samples. i-test COVID-19 rapid antigen test can be used for screening in schools, factories, nursing homes, and everywhere where PCR test is unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Çağrı Yıldız
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Bursa Uludağ University School of Medicine, Bursa, Türkiye
| | - Harun Ağca
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Bursa Uludağ University School of Medicine, Bursa, Türkiye
| | - Osman Kaya
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Bursa Uludağ University School of Medicine, Bursa, Türkiye
| | - İlke Selçuk
- Sentromer DNA Technologies Inc., İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Pınar Akalın
- Sentromer DNA Technologies Inc., İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Emin Halis Akalın
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Bursa Uludağ University School of Medicine, Bursa, Türkiye
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Cao J, Pan J, Yang X, Liu J, Zhu M, Zhao Z, Chen L, Chen T, Ye H. Trends in Respiratory Infectious Pathogens in Children Under the Age of 14 - Xiamen City, Fujian Province, China, 2017-2023. China CDC Wkly 2024; 6:143-147. [PMID: 38476820 PMCID: PMC10926045 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2024.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
What is already known about this topic? Respiratory infections pose a significant burden on public health. Despite recent outbreaks occurring in various locations, there is limited information available on the prevalence trends of multiple common respiratory pathogens in China beyond 2022. What is added by this report? A retrospective analysis was conducted on respiratory pathogen infections in a Xiamen hospital over a seven-year period. The analysis revealed fluctuating trends, with the number of infections for certain viruses initially decreasing after 2019, only to rebound to previous or higher levels. Recently, there has been an observed collective increase in positive cases for certain pathogens. What are the implications for public health practice? The study improves understanding of respiratory pathogens, primarily in Xiamen, with potential implications for the improvement of strategies for the prevention and management of respiratory infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Key Clinical Specialty of Laboratory Medicine, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jie Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jumei Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Key Clinical Specialty of Laboratory Medicine, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian Province, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Key Clinical Specialty of Laboratory Medicine, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zeyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Key Clinical Specialty of Laboratory Medicine, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian Province, China
| | - Tianmu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian Province, China
| | - Huiming Ye
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Key Clinical Specialty of Laboratory Medicine, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian Province, China
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13
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Abushahin A, Toma H, Alnaimi A, Abu-Hasan M, Alneirab A, Alzoubi H, Belavendra A, Janahi I. Impact of COVID‑19 pandemic restrictions and subsequent relaxation on the prevalence of respiratory virus hospitalizations in children. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:91. [PMID: 38302912 PMCID: PMC10835825 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04566-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic and the consequently adopted worldwide control measures have resulted in global changes in the epidemiology and severity of other respiratory viruses. We compared the number and severity of viral acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI) hospitalizations and determined changes in causative respiratory pathogens before, during, and after the pandemic among young children in Qatar. METHODS In this single-center retrospective study, we reviewed data of children ≤ 36 months old who were admitted to Sidra Medicine in Qatar with a viral ALRTI during winter seasons (September-April) between 2019 and 2023. The study period was divided into three distinct seasons based on the pandemic-imposed restrictions as follows: (1) the period between September 2019 and April 2020 was considered the pre-COVID-19 pandemic season; (2) the periods between September 2020 and April 2021, and the period between January and April 2022 were considered the COVID-19 pandemic seasons; and (3) the periods between September 2022 and April 2023 was considered the post-COVID-19 pandemic season. RESULTS During the COVID-19 season, 77 patients were admitted, compared with 153 patients during the pre-COVID-19 season and 230 patients during the post-COVID-19 season. RSV was the dominant virus during the pre-COVID-19 season, with a detection rate of 50.9%. RSV infection rate dropped significantly during the COVID-19 season to 10.4% and then increased again during the post-COVID-19 season to 29.1% (P < 0.001). Rhinovirus was the dominant virus during the COVID-19 (39.1%) and post-COVID-19 seasons (61%) compared to the pre-COVID-19 season (31.4%) (P < 0.001). The average length of hospital stay was significantly longer in the post-COVID-19 season than in the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 seasons (P < 0.001). No significant differences in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission rate (P = 0.22), PICU length of stay (p = 0.479), or respiratory support requirements were detected between the three seasons. CONCLUSION Our study showed reduced viral ALRTI hospitalizations in Qatar during the COVID-19 pandemic with reduced RSV detection. An increase in viral ALRTI hospitalizations accompanied by a resurgence of RSV circulation following the relaxation of COVID-19 restrictions was observed without changes in disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abushahin
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
- Weill Cornel Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q), Doha, Qatar.
| | - Haneen Toma
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Amal Alnaimi
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- Weill Cornel Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q), Doha, Qatar
| | - Mutasim Abu-Hasan
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdullah Alneirab
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hadeel Alzoubi
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Antonisamy Belavendra
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ibrahim Janahi
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- Weill Cornel Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q), Doha, Qatar
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14
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Cao J, Shen C, He W. Editorial: Molecular pathogenesis and control of viral infectious diseases in children. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1368324. [PMID: 38371302 PMCID: PMC10869591 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1368324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Key Clinical Specialty of Laboratory Medicine, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chenguang Shen
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanting He
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
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15
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Sabastin M, Mone K, Manivel A, Cherayi Padinakarai A, Krishnasamy K. Epidemic profile of common respiratory viruses in association SARS CoV-2 among SARI and ARI-two year study. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:156. [PMID: 38252354 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09084-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19/SARS CoV-2 continue to pose a threat to human health and placed millions of livelihoods at risk. Surveillance for the other circulating seasonal viruses during this pandemic is necessary to understand the manifestations of the CoV-2 pandemic and their incidence. METHODS A detailed study survey was performed on subjects with acute respiratory infections (ARI) and severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) in the King Institute of Preventive Medicine and Research, Chennai from April 2020 to March 2022. A total of 1480 patients presenting with either SARI (41.8%) or ARI (58.1%) were screened for SARS CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses. The SARS CoV-2 real-time PCR was carried out using ICMR-approved kits and other respiratory viruses were detected using the commercially available real-time kit. RESULTS Out of the 620 SARI patients, 198 (31.9%) were positive for SARS CoV-2 RNA. Out of the 860 ARI patients, 352 (40.9%) were positive for SARS CoV-2 RNA. Among the 550 patients positive for SARS CoV-2, 7 (1.2%) were positive coexistent with other respiratory viruses. Among the 930 patients with negative SARS CoV-2, 222 (23.8%) were positive for other common respiratory viruses (p = 0.001). Influenza viruses (36.9%) predominated followed by RSV (31.9%) and Parainfluenza virus (13.5%). CONCLUSION This study suggests that viral coinfections are significantly higher among SARS CoV-2 negative individuals (23.8 vs. 1.2%). It is possibly due to viral interference and the competitive advantage of SARS CoV-2 in modulating the host immunity. Continuous surveillance is necessary for understanding the viral co-infection mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlin Sabastin
- Department of Virology, King Institute of Preventive Medicine and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kiruthiga Mone
- Department of Virology, King Institute of Preventive Medicine and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - ArunKumar Manivel
- Department of Virology, King Institute of Preventive Medicine and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Kaveri Krishnasamy
- Department of Virology, King Institute of Preventive Medicine and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Pedroza-Uribe IM, Vega Magaña N, Muñoz-Valle JF, Peña-Rodriguez M, Carranza-Aranda AS, Sánchez-Sánchez R, Venancio-Landeros AA, García-González OP, Zavala-Mejía JJ, Ramos-Solano M, Viera-Segura O, García-Chagollán M. Beyond SARS-CoV-2: epidemiological surveillance of respiratory viruses in Jalisco, Mexico. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1292614. [PMID: 38274524 PMCID: PMC10808461 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1292614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Respiratory viral infections represent a significant global health burden. Historically, influenza, rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, and adenovirus have been the prevalent viruses; however, the landscape shifted with the widespread emergence of SARS-CoV-2. The aim of this study is to present a comprehensive epidemiological analysis of viral respiratory infections in Jalisco, Mexico. Methods Data encompassing individuals with flu-like symptoms from July 2021 to February 2023 was scrutinized for viral diagnosis through PCR multiplex. The effect of social mobility on the increase in respiratory viral diagnosis infection was considered to estimate its impact. Additionally, sequences of respiratory viruses stored in public databases were retrieved to ascertain the phylogenetic classification of previously reported viruses in Mexico. Results SARS-CoV-2 was the most detected virus (n = 5,703; 92.2%), followed by influenza (n = 479; 7.78%). These viruses were also found as the most common co-infection (n = 11; 50%), and for those with influenza, a higher incidence of severe disease was reported (n = 122; 90.4%; p < 0.001). Regarding comorbidities and unhealthy habits, smoking was found to be a risk factor for influenza infection but a protective factor for SARS-CoV-2 (OR = 2.62; IC 95%: 1.66-4.13; OR = 0.65; IC 95%: 0.45-0.94), respectively. Furthermore, our findings revealed a direct correlation between mobility and the prevalence of influenza infection (0.214; p < 0.001). Discussion The study presents evidence of respiratory virus reemergence and prevalence during the social reactivation, facilitating future preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Murisi Pedroza-Uribe
- Doctorado en Microbiología Médica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Natali Vega Magaña
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Emergentes y Reemergentes (LaDEER), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - José Francisco Muñoz-Valle
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Marcela Peña-Rodriguez
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Emergentes y Reemergentes (LaDEER), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Ahtziri Socorro Carranza-Aranda
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Jacob Jecsan Zavala-Mejía
- Licenciatura en Médico Cirujano y Partero, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Moisés Ramos-Solano
- Instituto de Investigación en Cáncer en la Infancia y Adolescencia (INICIA), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Oliver Viera-Segura
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Emergentes y Reemergentes (LaDEER), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Mariel García-Chagollán
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
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Kuruc Poje D, Kuharić M, Posavec Andrić A, Mađarić V, Poje JV, Payerl-Pal M, Tambić Andrašević A, Poje JM, Bačić Vrca V, Marušić S. Perspectives of primary care physicians on academic detailing for antimicrobial stewardship: feasibility and impact assessment. J Int Med Res 2024; 52:3000605231222242. [PMID: 38193298 PMCID: PMC10777789 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231222242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand primary care physicians' perspectives on academic detailing from an antimicrobial stewardship team to combat antibiotic overuse for upper respiratory infections and bronchitis in the COVID-19 era, which will help prevent avoidable outpatient visits. METHODS In this prospective study, 14 female Croatian physicians completed standardized qualitative interviews using a semi-structured guide. The data were analyzed using inductive methodology based on reflexive thematic analysis. We used a theoretically informed approach based on a conceptual framework of healthcare intervention implementability focused on three domains: acceptability, fidelity, and feasibility. RESULTS We identified six key themes highlighting barriers to changing prescribing practices, with patient pressure and specialist recommendations having an impact on the effectiveness of academic detailing. Despite challenges, primary care physicians described appreciation of direct interaction with evidence-based practices and reported usefulness, effectiveness, and further need for academic detailing. CONCLUSION This study highlights the complex dynamics involved in implementing healthcare interventions and provides valuable insights for enhancing strategies directed at improving antibiotic prescribing practices. Specifically, our findings emphasize factors influencing behavior changes in physicians' antibiotic prescribing. The authors advocate for a collaborative approach involving community and hospital-based professionals to provide tailored guidance and address questions, ultimately improving prescribing practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darija Kuruc Poje
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, General Hospital “Dr. Tomislav Bardek,” Koprivnica, Croatia
| | - Maja Kuharić
- Department of Pharmacy Systems, Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Vesna Mađarić
- Department of Pulmology and Infectology, General Hospital “Dr. Tomislav Bardek,” Koprivnica, Croatia
| | - Janeš Vlatka Poje
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Institute of Public Health County Koprivničko-Križevačka, Koprivnica, Croatia
| | - Marina Payerl-Pal
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Institute of Public Health County Međimurje, Čakovec, Croatia
| | - Arjana Tambić Andrašević
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, The University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Juraj Mark Poje
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital “Dr. Tomislav Bardek,” Koprivnica, Croatia
| | - Vesna Bačić Vrca
- Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Srećko Marušić
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
- University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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Çağlar HT, Pekcan S, Yılmaz Aİ, Ünal G, Ercan F, Savaş S, Akcan ÖM, Ünsaçar MZ, Ünsaçar K, Özdemir M. The epidemiologic trend of respiratory syncytial virus has returned strongly to its origin after the pandemic: Five-year data from a single center. Pediatr Pulmonol 2023; 58:3582-3587. [PMID: 37737535 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Only a few studies have investigated the frequency and severity of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections after the end of the pandemic regulations. This study aims to investigate the frequency and severity of RSV infections before, during, and after the pandemic in Turkey. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients under 18 years of age and those who tested positive for RSV between April 2018 and March 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were divided into three groups (pre-COVID-19, COVID-19, and post-COVID-19) according to admission date. Among inpatients, data were compared between the three groups to determine the impact of the pandemic on RSV epidemiology and clinical outcomes. RESULTS A total of 9567 patients were tested for RSV, of which 1073 (11.2%) were positive and included in the study. Hospitalization occurred in 447 (41.7%) patients. Inpatients were younger than outpatients (p < .000). Among the three inpatient pandemic groups, clinical outcomes were statistically significantly worse in the post-COVID-19 group than in the other two groups. SpO2 was lower (p < .000), inhaled salbutamol requirement was higher (p < .000), length of stay was longer (p = .031), and ICU admission was higher (p = .023). CONCLUSION Although the RSV trend changed within 2 years after the COVID-19 outbreak, it returned to its usual seasonality last year. After the repeal of all COVID-19 measures and the normal life began, the number of RSV-positive patients and RSV-related hospitalizations increased, and the clinical outcomes of RSV worsened. This may be a result of decreased herd immunity due to a change in society's attitude toward epidemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanife Tuğçe Çağlar
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Meram School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Pekcan
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Meram School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Aslı İmran Yılmaz
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Meram School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Gökçen Ünal
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Meram School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Fatih Ercan
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Meram School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Suat Savaş
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Meram School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Özge Metin Akcan
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Meram School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Ziya Ünsaçar
- Department of Pediatrics, Meram School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Kübra Ünsaçar
- Department of Pediatrics, Meram School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Özdemir
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Meram School of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
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19
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Tadros MM, Boshra MS, Scott M, Fleming G, Magee F, Hamed MI, Abuelhana A, Courtenay A, Salem HF, Burnett K. Antimicrobial prescribing in a secondary care setting during the COVID-19 pandemic. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2023; 5:dlad117. [PMID: 37965099 PMCID: PMC10642613 DOI: 10.1093/jacamr/dlad117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increased antimicrobial resistance patterns lead to limited options for antimicrobial agents, affecting patient health and increasing hospital costs. Objectives To investigate the antimicrobial prescribing patterns at two district hospitals in Northern Ireland before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A mixed prospective-retrospective study was designed to compare pre- and during pandemic antimicrobial prescribing data in both hospitals using a Global Point Prevalence Survey. Results Of the 591 patients surveyed in both hospitals, 43.8% were treated with 402 antimicrobials. A total of 82.8% of antimicrobial prescriptions were for empirical treatment. No significant difference existed in numbers of patients treated or antimicrobials used before and during the pandemic. There was a slight decrease of 3.3% in the compliance rate with hospital antimicrobial guidelines during the pandemic when compared with the pre-pandemic year of 2019, when it was 69.5%. Treatment based on patients' biomarker data also slightly decreased from 83.5% pre-pandemic (2019) to 81.5% during the pandemic (2021). Conclusions There was no overall significant impact of the pandemic on the antimicrobial prescribing patterns in either hospital when compared with the pre-pandemic findings. The antimicrobial stewardship programmes would appear to have played an important role in controlling antimicrobial consumption during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Tadros
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST University), P.O. Box 12566, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marian S Boshra
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62514, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Michael Scott
- Medicines Optimisation and Innovation Centre (MOIC), Antrim Area Hospital, Antrim, UK
| | - Glenda Fleming
- Medicines Optimisation and Innovation Centre (MOIC), Antrim Area Hospital, Antrim, UK
| | - Fidelma Magee
- Pharmacy Department, Northern Health and Social Care Trust (NHSCT), Antrim, UK
| | - Mohammad I Hamed
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST University), P.O. Box 12566, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abuelhana
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Aaron Courtenay
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Heba F Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62514, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Kathryn Burnett
- Regional Pharmaceutical Procurement Service, Northern Health and Social Care Trust (NHSCT), Antrim, UK
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20
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Mohanty M, Mishra B, Satapathy AK, Gulla KM, Das RR, Dwibedi B, Gupta K, Mamidi P, Panda S. Human Bocavirus infection in childhood acute respiratory infection: Is it an innocent bystander? Indian J Med Microbiol 2023; 46:100436. [PMID: 37945128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2023.100436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is one of the major attributing factors of under-five mortality and morbidity all over the world. Viruses are the most common cause of ARI. Due to the availability of molecular techniques, new viruses are getting isolated from children with ARI. With the above background, the present study was conducted to enlighten on the pathogenic role of human bocavirus (HBoV) in children with ARI. METHODOLOGY This retrospective study was conducted over a period of >3 years duration. The clinical and laboratory data of the patients with signs and symptoms of ARI were retrieved and analyzed. Clinical profiles and outcome of the patients detected of having HBoV mono or co-infections were further analyzed in details. RESULTS A total of 237 respiratory samples were subjected to respiratory panel by fast track diagnosis (FTD) multiplex polymerase chain reaction (multiplex PCR), of which 10 samples (mono-infection = 4) were detected with the presence of HBoV. The clinical details of 8 cases were studied in details (details of rest 2 cases were missing). All the children were less than 3 years of age, with different co-morbid conditions such as low birth weight (n = 4), cholestatic jaundice (n = 1), operated case of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (n = 1), pancytopenia (n = 1), and primary immune deficiency (n = 1). Their clinical course did not improve following antibiotic administration, 2 succumbed to death while the rest 6 cases were discharged. CONCLUSION The present study highlights the fact that HBoV may not be an innocent bystander in the childhood ARI. Larger studies employing appropriate diagnostic modalities are needed to emboss it as a true pathogen and not merely a bystander.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa Mohanty
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, 751019, Odisha, India.
| | - Baijayantimala Mishra
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, 751019, Odisha, India.
| | - Amit Kumar Satapathy
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, 751019, Odisha, India.
| | - Krishna Mohan Gulla
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, 751019, Odisha, India.
| | - Rashmi Ranjan Das
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, 751019, Odisha, India.
| | - Bhagirathi Dwibedi
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, 751019, Odisha, India.
| | - Kavita Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, 751019, Odisha, India.
| | - Prabhudutta Mamidi
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, 751019, Odisha, India.
| | - Sailendra Panda
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, 751019, Odisha, India.
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21
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Samuels RJ, Sumah I, Alhasan F, McHenry R, Short L, Chappell JD, Haddadin Z, Halasa NB, Valério ID, Amorim G, Grant DS, Schieffelin JS, Moon TD. Respiratory virus surveillance in hospitalized children less than two-years of age in Kenema, Sierra Leone during the COVID-19 pandemic (October 2020- October 2021). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292652. [PMID: 37816008 PMCID: PMC10564235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, viral pathogens are the leading cause of acute respiratory infection in children under-five years. We aim to describe the epidemiology of viral respiratory pathogens in hospitalized children under-two years of age in Eastern Province of Sierra Leone, during the second year of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We conducted a prospective study of children hospitalized with respiratory symptoms between October 2020 and October 2021. We collected demographic and clinical characteristics and calculated each participant´s respiratory symptom severity. Nose and throat swabs were collected at enrollment. Total nucleic acid was purified and tested for multiple respiratory viruses. Statistical analysis was performed using R version 4.2.0 software. 502 children less than two-years of age were enrolled. 376 (74.9%) had at least one respiratory virus detected. The most common viruses isolated were HRV/EV (28.2%), RSV (19.5%) and PIV (13.1%). Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 were identified in only 9.2% and 3.9% of children, respectively. Viral co-detection was common. Human metapneumovirus and RSV had more than two-fold higher odds of requiring O2 therapy while hospitalized. Viral pathogen prevalence was high (74.9%) in our study population. Despite this, 100% of children received antibiotics, underscoring a need to expand laboratory diagnostic capacity and to revisit clinical guidelines implementation in these children. Continuous surveillance and serologic studies among more diverse age groups, with greater geographic breadth, are needed in Sierra Leone to better characterize the long-term impact of COVID-19 on respiratory virus prevalence and to better characterize the seasonality of respiratory viruses in Sierra Leone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Samuels
- Kenema Government Hospital, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Kenema, Sierra Leone
| | - Ibrahim Sumah
- Kenema Government Hospital, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Kenema, Sierra Leone
| | - Foday Alhasan
- Kenema Government Hospital, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Kenema, Sierra Leone
| | - Rendie McHenry
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Laura Short
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - James D. Chappell
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Zaid Haddadin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Natasha B. Halasa
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Inaê D. Valério
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Gustavo Amorim
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Donald S. Grant
- Kenema Government Hospital, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Kenema, Sierra Leone
- College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - John S. Schieffelin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Troy D. Moon
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
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22
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Cho SJ, Kim SH, Lee H, Lee YU, Mun J, Park S, Park J, Park JS, Lee K, Lee CM, Seo J, Kim Y, Chung YS. Re-Emergence of HMPV in Gwangju, South Korea, after the COVID-19 Pandemic. Pathogens 2023; 12:1218. [PMID: 37887734 PMCID: PMC10609798 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12101218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The non-pharmaceutical interventions implemented to prevent the spread of COVID-19 have affected the epidemiology of other respiratory viruses. In South Korea, Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) typically occurs from winter to the following spring; however, it was not detected for two years during the COVID-19 pandemic and re-emerged in the fall of 2022, which is a non-epidemic season. To examine the molecular genetic characteristics of HMPV before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, we analyzed 427 HMPV-positive samples collected in the Gwangju area from 2018 to 2022. Among these, 24 samples were subjected to whole-genome sequencing. Compared to the period before the COVID-19 pandemic, the incidence rate of HMPV in 2022 increased by 2.5-fold. Especially in the age group of 6-10 years, the incidence rate increased by more than 4.5-fold. In the phylogenetic analysis results, before the COVID-19 pandemic, the A2.2.2 lineage was predominant, while in 2022, the A2.2.1 and B2 lineage were observed. The non-pharmaceutical interventions implemented after COVID-19, such as social distancing, have reduced opportunities for exposure to HMPV, subsequently leading to decreased acquisition of immunity. As a result, HMPV occurred during non-epidemic seasons, influencing the age distribution of its occurrences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Ju Cho
- Division of Emerging Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease Research, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju 61954, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.C.); (H.L.); (Y.-U.L.); (J.M.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (J.-S.P.); (K.L.); (C.-m.L.); (J.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Sun-Hee Kim
- Division of Emerging Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease Research, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju 61954, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.C.); (H.L.); (Y.-U.L.); (J.M.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (J.-S.P.); (K.L.); (C.-m.L.); (J.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Hongsu Lee
- Division of Emerging Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease Research, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju 61954, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.C.); (H.L.); (Y.-U.L.); (J.M.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (J.-S.P.); (K.L.); (C.-m.L.); (J.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yeong-Un Lee
- Division of Emerging Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease Research, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju 61954, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.C.); (H.L.); (Y.-U.L.); (J.M.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (J.-S.P.); (K.L.); (C.-m.L.); (J.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Jeongeun Mun
- Division of Emerging Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease Research, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju 61954, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.C.); (H.L.); (Y.-U.L.); (J.M.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (J.-S.P.); (K.L.); (C.-m.L.); (J.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Sujung Park
- Division of Emerging Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease Research, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju 61954, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.C.); (H.L.); (Y.-U.L.); (J.M.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (J.-S.P.); (K.L.); (C.-m.L.); (J.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Jungwook Park
- Division of Emerging Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease Research, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju 61954, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.C.); (H.L.); (Y.-U.L.); (J.M.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (J.-S.P.); (K.L.); (C.-m.L.); (J.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Ji-Su Park
- Division of Emerging Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease Research, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju 61954, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.C.); (H.L.); (Y.-U.L.); (J.M.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (J.-S.P.); (K.L.); (C.-m.L.); (J.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Kwangho Lee
- Division of Emerging Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease Research, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju 61954, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.C.); (H.L.); (Y.-U.L.); (J.M.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (J.-S.P.); (K.L.); (C.-m.L.); (J.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Cheong-mi Lee
- Division of Emerging Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease Research, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju 61954, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.C.); (H.L.); (Y.-U.L.); (J.M.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (J.-S.P.); (K.L.); (C.-m.L.); (J.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Jinjong Seo
- Division of Emerging Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease Research, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju 61954, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.C.); (H.L.); (Y.-U.L.); (J.M.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (J.-S.P.); (K.L.); (C.-m.L.); (J.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yonghwan Kim
- Division of Emerging Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease Research, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju 61954, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.C.); (H.L.); (Y.-U.L.); (J.M.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (J.-S.P.); (K.L.); (C.-m.L.); (J.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yoon-Seok Chung
- Division of High-Risk Pathogen, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
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23
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Zhou C, Chuai Y, Lin C, Wang D, Wang Q, Zou H. A dual fragment triggered DNA ladder nanostructure based on logic gate and dispersion-to-localization catalytic hairpin assembly for efficient fluorescence assay of SARS-CoV-2 and H1N1. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1275:341590. [PMID: 37524468 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
DNA nanotechnology has been widely utilized in the construction of various functional nanostructures. However, most DNA nanostructures have the shortcomings of low response rate and serious background leakage. Herein, we proposed the conception of AND logic gate cascaded dispersion-to-localization catalytic hairpin assembly (AND gate-DLCHA) for the fabrication of novel DNA ladder nanostructures. In our design, the entropy-driven AND logic gate can precisely recognize two fragments of the target nucleic acid sequences. After AND logic gate activation by target nucleic acids, dispersion-to-localization catalytic hairpin assembly was initiated. Consequently, tremendous DNA ladder nanostructures were generated and the response signal was rapidly enhanced, which can be used for rapid and amplied detection of nucleic acids. Taking advantage of the sensitivity and specificity of AND gate-DLCHA strategy, the fluorescence sensors were established and successfully applied in ultrasensitive assay of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza A virus (H1N1) within 45 min with the limit of detection (LOD) as low as 66 copies mL-1 (SARS-CoV-2) and 33 copies mL-1 (H1N1), which showed perspectives in pathogen identification and biomedical application. The high selectivity and reliability of established sensors was attributed to the dual-fragment analysis. Meanwhile, the sensors possessed minimal leakage and greatly enhanced signal to background (S/B) ratio owing to substrate transduction from dispersion into colocalization. This rationally developed logic gate cascaded dispersion-to-localization catalytic hairpin assembly strategy presented a new approach for the development of DNA nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhou
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yujing Chuai
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chiliang Lin
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610042, China
| | - Qiuju Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610042, China
| | - Haimin Zou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610042, China.
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24
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Zhao MC, Wen C, Sun L, Duan SX, Zang KX, Wang L, Cui XW. Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of Seasonal Human Coronaviruses in Children Hospitalized in Hebei Province, China Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2023; 16:1801-1807. [PMID: 37705991 PMCID: PMC10497059 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s423077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence and clinical characteristics of seasonal human coronavirus (HCoV) infections among children hospitalized in Hebei, China. Methods We examined nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) specimens for seasonal HCoVs from January 2018 to December 2021, at the Children's Hospital of Hebei Province. We used a GeXP-based multiplex reverse transcription PCR assay for the detection of 11 common respiratory viruses (including seasonal HCoVs), chlamydia, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The demographic and clinical characteristics of children who tested positive for seasonal HCoVs were recorded and analyzed. Results A total of 377 (1.96%) of the 19,248 specimens from 2018 to 2019 and 263 (1.96%) of the 13,426 specimens from 2020 to 2021 exhibited seasonal HCoVs. Compared to 2018 and 2019, the positive rate of seasonal HCoVs was lower from January to July of 2020 and increased beginning in August 2020, peaking in the autumn and winter. In 2020-2021, nasal blockage and swollen adenoids were detected more frequently in children who tested positive for seasonal HCoVs. During 2018-2019, however, the duration of fever was significantly longer, and cough and dyspnea were more prominent among children who had fallen ill. In addition, seasonal HCoV-positive patients in 2018-2019 were more likely to experience complications, had a higher risk of severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), and had a tendency to require a longer hospital stay than patients in 2020-2021. Conclusion According to our findings, there were significant changes in the epidemiology of seasonal HCoVs in Hebei, China during the COVID-19 pandemic, and children infected with seasonal HCoVs usually experienced milder clinical symptoms during the pandemic than before it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Chuan Zhao
- Department of Laborotory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chan Wen
- Department of Medical, Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Sun
- Department of Medical, Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Su-xia Duan
- Department of Laborotory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke-xin Zang
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Laborotory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Wei Cui
- Children’s Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
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25
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Posada MJG, Dajil HJC, Díaz APN, Castillo Vidal JDD, Barreto DDJS, Sanchez MC, Coll HS, Mattar S. Not all respiratory infections were SARS-CoV-2 during the pandemic, analysis in a clinic on the Colombian Caribbean coast. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:1403-1409. [PMID: 37480671 PMCID: PMC10270728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs) are considered one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Children under five and older adults are most likely to die from this cause. OBJECTIVE To describe the behavior of infection by respiratory viruses other than SARS-CoV-2 during the pandemic in a clinic in the Colombian Caribbean. METHODS This descriptive and retrospective study evaluates the characteristics, associated comorbidities, and requirements of hospitalization or Intensive Care Unit in patients diagnosed with respiratory viral infections treated at IMAT Oncomedica clinic from July 2020 to August 2022. RESULTS This study evaluated 351 patients with respiratory symptoms, observing an exponential increase in cases of respiratory infection as of April 2022, with a high proportion of syncytial virus infections mainly in children under 18 years of age (22.1%) and Human Rhinovirus/Enterovirus in patients with solid tumors and hematological disorders (48.8%), the latter was associated with a higher rate of hospitalization and ICU requirement in the individuals evaluated. CONCLUSIONS Respiratory viruses other than SARS-CoV-2, such as Rhino/Enterovirus, RSV, and adenovirus, are circulating in the population at a clinic on the Colombian Caribbean coast. The findings should motivate public health authorities to conduct more thorough surveillance in the rest of the state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hector Serrano Coll
- Tropic Biological Research Institute, Universidad de Córdoba, Montería, Colombia
| | - Salim Mattar
- Colombian Medicine Tropical Institute-CES University, Medellín, Colombia.
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Tramuto F, Maida CM, Mazzucco W, Costantino C, Amodio E, Sferlazza G, Previti A, Immordino P, Vitale F. Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Diversity of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Sicily during Pre- and Post-COVID-19 Surveillance Seasons. Pathogens 2023; 12:1099. [PMID: 37764907 PMCID: PMC10534943 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is an important pathogen of acute respiratory tract infection of global significance. In this study, we investigated the molecular epidemiology and the genetic variability of hRSV over seven surveillance seasons between 2015 and 2023 in Sicily, Italy. hRSV subgroups co-circulated through every season, although hRSV-B mostly prevailed. After the considerable reduction in the circulation of hRSV due to the widespread implementation of non-pharmaceutical preventive measures during the COVID-19 pandemic, hRSV rapidly re-emerged at a high intensity in 2022-2023. The G gene was sequenced for genotyping and analysis of deduced amino acids. A total of 128 hRSV-A and 179 hRSV-B G gene sequences were obtained. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the GA2.3.5a (ON1) and GB5.0.5a (BA9) genotypes were responsible for the hRSV epidemics in Sicily.; only one strain belonged to the genotype GB5.0.4a. No differences were observed in the circulating genotypes during pre- and post-pandemic years. Amino acid sequence alignment revealed the continuous evolution of the G gene, with a combination of amino acid changes specifically appearing in 2022-2023. The predicted N-glycosylation sites were relatively conserved in ON1 and BA9 genotype strains. Our findings augment the understanding and prediction of the seasonal evolution of hRSV at the local level and its implication in the monitoring of novel variants worth considering in better design of candidate vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Tramuto
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”—Hygiene Section, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy; (C.M.M.); (W.M.); (C.C.); (E.A.); (P.I.); (F.V.)
- Regional Reference Laboratory for Molecular Surveillance of Influenza, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University Hospital “Paolo Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Carmelo Massimo Maida
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”—Hygiene Section, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy; (C.M.M.); (W.M.); (C.C.); (E.A.); (P.I.); (F.V.)
- Regional Reference Laboratory for Molecular Surveillance of Influenza, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University Hospital “Paolo Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Walter Mazzucco
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”—Hygiene Section, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy; (C.M.M.); (W.M.); (C.C.); (E.A.); (P.I.); (F.V.)
- Regional Reference Laboratory for Molecular Surveillance of Influenza, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University Hospital “Paolo Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Claudio Costantino
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”—Hygiene Section, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy; (C.M.M.); (W.M.); (C.C.); (E.A.); (P.I.); (F.V.)
- Regional Reference Laboratory for Molecular Surveillance of Influenza, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University Hospital “Paolo Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Emanuele Amodio
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”—Hygiene Section, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy; (C.M.M.); (W.M.); (C.C.); (E.A.); (P.I.); (F.V.)
| | - Giuseppe Sferlazza
- Regional Reference Laboratory for Molecular Surveillance of Influenza, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University Hospital “Paolo Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Adriana Previti
- Regional Reference Laboratory for Molecular Surveillance of Influenza, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University Hospital “Paolo Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Palmira Immordino
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”—Hygiene Section, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy; (C.M.M.); (W.M.); (C.C.); (E.A.); (P.I.); (F.V.)
| | - Francesco Vitale
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”—Hygiene Section, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy; (C.M.M.); (W.M.); (C.C.); (E.A.); (P.I.); (F.V.)
- Regional Reference Laboratory for Molecular Surveillance of Influenza, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University Hospital “Paolo Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.S.); (A.P.)
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Guido G, Lalle E, Mosti S, Mencarini P, Lapa D, Libertone R, Ianniello S, Ricciuto GM, Vaia F, Maggi F, Palmieri F. Recovery from Triple Infection with SARS-CoV-2, RSV and Influenza virus: A case report. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:1045-1047. [PMID: 37196367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The overall probability of infection with RSV, influenza virus, or SARS-CoV-2 in the general population is assessed as high by the ECDC. A high level of respiratory virus circulation increases hospitalizations and places significant pressure on healthcare systems. Here we describe the case of a 52-year-old woman who recovered from pneumonia with a triple infection with SARS-CoV-2, RSV, and Influenza virus. We suggest searching for antigenic or molecular detection of VSR and influenza viruses, together with SARS-CoV-2, in patients with respiratory symptoms during this epidemic period, whereas all three viruses are present right now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Guido
- Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Infectious Diseases Unit, Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Lalle
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Mosti
- Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Mencarini
- Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Lapa
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Libertone
- Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Ianniello
- Radiology Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Vaia
- General Direction, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Maggi
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Palmieri
- Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Castagno E, Raffaldi I, Del Monte F, Garazzino S, Bondone C. New epidemiological trends of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis during COVID-19 pandemic. World J Pediatr 2023; 19:502-504. [PMID: 36163542 PMCID: PMC9512956 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-022-00623-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Castagno
- Department of Pediatric Emergency, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital - A.O.U. Città Della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126, Turin, Italy.
| | - Irene Raffaldi
- Department of Pediatric Emergency, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital - A.O.U. Città Della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Del Monte
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Garazzino
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital - A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Claudia Bondone
- Department of Pediatric Emergency, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital - A.O.U. Città Della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126, Turin, Italy
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Ahmed W, Bivins A, Stephens M, Metcalfe S, Smith WJM, Sirikanchana K, Kitajima M, Simpson SL. Occurrence of multiple respiratory viruses in wastewater in Queensland, Australia: Potential for community disease surveillance. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 864:161023. [PMID: 36539100 PMCID: PMC9759456 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The early warning and tracking of COVID-19 prevalence in the community provided by wastewater surveillance has highlighted its potential for much broader viral disease surveillance. In this proof-of-concept study, 46 wastewater samples from four wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Queensland, Australia, were analyzed for the presence and abundance of 13 respiratory viruses, and the results were compared with reported clinical cases. The viruses were concentrated using the adsorption-extraction (AE) method, and extracted nucleic acids were analyzed using qPCR and RT-qPCR. Among the viruses tested, bocavirus (BoV), parechovirus (PeV), rhinovirus A (RhV A) and rhinovirus B (RhV B) were detected in all wastewater samples. All the tested viruses except influenza B virus (IBV) were detected in wastewater sample from at least one WWTP. BoV was detected with the greatest concentration (4.96-7.22 log10 GC/L), followed by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (4.08-6.46 log10 GC/L), RhV A (3.95-5.63 log10 GC/L), RhV B (3.74-5.61 log10 GC/L), and PeV (3.17-5.32 log10 GC/L). Influenza viruses and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are notifiable conditions in Queensland, allowing the gene copy (GC) concentrations to be compared with reported clinical cases. Significant correlations (ρ = 0.60, p < 0.01 for IAV and ρ = 0.53, p < 0.01 for RSV) were observed when pooled wastewater influenza A virus (IAV) and RSV log10 GC/L concentrations were compared to log10 clinical cases among the four WWTP catchments. The positive predictive value for the presence of IAV and RSV in wastewater was 97 % for both IAV and RSV clinical cases within the four WWTP catchments. The overall accuracy of wastewater analysis for predicting clinical cases of IAV and RSV was 97 and 90 %, respectively. This paper lends credibility to the application of wastewater surveillance to monitor respiratory viruses of various genomic characteristics, with potential uses for increased surveillance capabilities and as a tool in understanding the dynamics of disease circulation in the communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warish Ahmed
- CSIRO Environment, Ecosciences Precinct, 41 Boggo Road, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - Aaron Bivins
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University, 3255 Patrick F. Taylor Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Mikayla Stephens
- CSIRO Environment, Ecosciences Precinct, 41 Boggo Road, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Suzanne Metcalfe
- CSIRO Environment, Ecosciences Precinct, 41 Boggo Road, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Wendy J M Smith
- CSIRO Environment, Ecosciences Precinct, 41 Boggo Road, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Kwanrawee Sirikanchana
- Research Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kampangpetch 6 Road, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Masaaki Kitajima
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 13 West 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
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30
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Kitagawa D, Kitano T, Furumori M, Suzuki S, Shintani Y, Suzuki Y, Nakano A, Nakano R, Nishiyama A, Yoshida S, Yano H, Maeda K, Nakamura F. Epidemiology of respiratory tract infections using multiplex PCR in a Japanese acute care hospital during the COVID19 pandemic. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14424. [PMID: 36919088 PMCID: PMC10007720 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction We aimed to investigate the epidemiology of respiratory infections by season and age during the COVID-19 pandemic in a Japanese acute care hospital using multiplex PCR testing. Methods We detected 21 pathogens in specimens from outpatients with respiratory symptoms at the Nara Prefecture General Medical Center using the multiplex PCR-based FilmArray Respiratory Panel 2.1 (bioMérieux). Results Of the 3177 cases, 1215 (38.2%) were infected with at least one causative virus, and 1641 viruses were detected. The most common viruses detected were human rhinovirus/enterovirus (n = 655) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (n = 264). Additionally, 321 (10.1%) of these cases were infected with two or more overlapping viruses. There were 23 cases of co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses. In the winter months from December 2020 to March 2021, the number of detected viruses was relatively low, followed by the surge of human rhinovirus/enterovirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and parainfluenza type 3 in the spring and summer of 2021. While the number of human rhinovirus/entero-virus remained relatively high after the 2021 summer, the number of other viruses detected since September 2021 was low. After December 2021, the number of SARS-CoV-2 increased rapidly. Conclusions Continuous monitoring of the epidemiology of respiratory infection is important to understand the prolonged impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kitagawa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Japan.,Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, Japan
| | - Taito Kitano
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Madoka Furumori
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Japan
| | - Soma Suzuki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Japan
| | - Yui Shintani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Japan
| | - Yuki Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, Japan
| | - Akiyo Nakano
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Nakano
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, Japan
| | - Atsuko Nishiyama
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Japan
| | - Sayaka Yoshida
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Yano
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, Japan
| | - Koichi Maeda
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Nakamura
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Japan
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31
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Stein RT, Zar HJ. RSV through the COVID-19 pandemic: Burden, shifting epidemiology, and implications for the future. Pediatr Pulmonol 2023; 58:1631-1639. [PMID: 36811330 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) represents a major global healthcare burden, particularly in those under 5 years of age. There is no available vaccine, with treatment limited to supportive care or palivizumab for high-risk children. Additionally, although a causal relationship has not been established, RSV has been associated with the development of asthma or wheezing in some children. The COVID-19 pandemic and the introduction of nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have caused substantial changes to RSV seasonality and epidemiology. Many countries have experienced an absence of RSV during the time of a typical season, followed by an out-of-season surge upon relaxation of NPI use. These dynamics have disrupted traditional RSV disease patterns and assumptions, but also provide a unique opportunity to learn more about the transmission of RSV and other respiratory viruses, as well as inform future approaches to RSV preventive strategies. Here, we review the RSV burden and epidemiology through the COVID-19 pandemic and discuss how new data may affect future decisions regarding RSV prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato T Stein
- Infant Center, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Heather J Zar
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,SA-MRC Unit for Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Bostan H, Sencar ME, Calapkulu M, Kayihan S, Hepsen S, Cimsir A, Gul U, Ozturk Unsal I, Ozcelik O, Kizilgul M, Ucan B, Cakal E. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence, seasonal distribution, and characteristics of subacute thyroiditis. Endocrine 2023; 79:323-330. [PMID: 36129593 PMCID: PMC9490701 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03197-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE An increasing number of cases of subacute thyroiditis (SAT) related to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its vaccines continue to be published. The aim of this study was to investigate any change in the incidence and characteristics of SAT by comparing the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods. METHODS This retrospective, single-center study included 432 newly-diagnosed SAT patients between January 2018 and December 2021. The annual frequency of SAT was calculated as the number of newly-diagnosed SAT cases divided by the total number of outpatients that year. RESULTS The frequencies of newly-diagnosed SAT were 0.136% in 2018, 0.127% in 2019, 0.157% in 2020, and 0.114% in 2021 (p = 0.19). While SAT patients were clustered in the autumn (35.1%) in 2018 and 2019, it was found that this cluster shifted to the winter (33.0%) in 2020 and 2021, in parallel with COVID-19 case peaks (p = 0.017). The patients were separated into two groups as pre-COVID-19 pandemic SAT (n = 272) and COVID-19 pandemic SAT (n = 160). The mean ages of the groups were similar. There were more male patients in the COVID-19 pandemic SAT group than in the pre-pandemic group (30.6% vs. 18.7%, p = 0.005). Frequencies of overt hyperthyroidism and median free-thyroxine levels were significantly higher in the COVID-19 pandemic SAT group (p = 0.029, p = 0.001). Treatment modalities, recurrence rates, and permanent hypothyroidism were similar in both groups. CONCLUSION With the COVID-19 pandemic, although there was a change in seasonal variation of SAT and an increase in the number of male patients, there was no change in the incidence and clinical course of SAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayri Bostan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Health Sciences, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Muhammed Erkam Sencar
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Health Sciences, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medicana International Ankara Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Calapkulu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Health Sciences, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serdar Kayihan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Health Sciences, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sema Hepsen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Health Sciences, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aykut Cimsir
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Health Sciences, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Umran Gul
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Health Sciences, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ilknur Ozturk Unsal
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Health Sciences, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Ozcelik
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Health Sciences, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Kizilgul
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Health Sciences, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bekir Ucan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Health Sciences, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erman Cakal
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Health Sciences, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Wang D, Guerra A, Wittke F, Lang JC, Bakker K, Lee AW, Finelli L, Chen YH. Real-Time Monitoring of Infectious Disease Outbreaks with a Combination of Google Trends Search Results and the Moving Epidemic Method: A Respiratory Syncytial Virus Case Study. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8020075. [PMID: 36828491 PMCID: PMC9962753 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8020075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the seasonal patterns of several infectious diseases. Understanding when and where an outbreak may occur is vital for public health planning and response. We usually rely on well-functioning surveillance systems to monitor epidemic outbreaks. However, not all countries have a well-functioning surveillance system in place, or at least not for the pathogen in question. We utilized Google Trends search results for RSV-related keywords to identify outbreaks. We evaluated the strength of the Pearson correlation coefficient between clinical surveillance data and online search data and applied the Moving Epidemic Method (MEM) to identify country-specific epidemic thresholds. Additionally, we established pseudo-RSV surveillance systems, enabling internal stakeholders to obtain insights on the speed and risk of any emerging RSV outbreaks in countries with imprecise disease surveillance systems but with Google Trends data. Strong correlations between RSV clinical surveillance data and Google Trends search results from several countries were observed. In monitoring an upcoming RSV outbreak with MEM, data collected from both systems yielded similar estimates of country-specific epidemic thresholds, starting time, and duration. We demonstrate in this study the potential of monitoring disease outbreaks in real time and complement classical disease surveillance systems by leveraging online search data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Wang
- Health Economic and Decision Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07065, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrea Guerra
- Clinical Development, MSD, Kings Cross, London EC2M 6UR, UK
| | | | - John Cameron Lang
- Health Economic and Decision Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Kevin Bakker
- Health Economic and Decision Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Andrew W. Lee
- Clinical Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Lyn Finelli
- Clinical Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Yao-Hsuan Chen
- Health Economic and Decision Sciences, MSD, Kings Cross, London EC2M 6UR, UK
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Cadet K, Ceneviva GD, Walter V, Thomas NJ, Krawiec C. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Diagnostic Frequency of Febrile Seizures: An Electronic Health Record Database Observational Study. Neurohospitalist 2023; 13:46-52. [PMID: 36531856 PMCID: PMC9557272 DOI: 10.1177/19418744221123208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Febrile seizures are common in children and are associated with viral infection. Mitigation strategies implemented during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have slowed the spread of all viral illnesses potentially impacting febrile seizure frequency. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of COVID-19 mitigation strategies on the diagnostic frequency of febrile seizures. Methods This was a retrospective observational cohort study utilizing TriNetX ® electronic health record (EHR) data. We included subjects aged 0 to 5 years of age reported to have a febrile seizure diagnosis. After the query, the study population was divided into 2 groups [pre-COVID-19 (April 1st, 2019 until March 31st, 2020) and COVID-19 (April 1st, 2020 until March 31st, 2021). We analyzed the following data: age, sex, race, diagnostic, medication, and procedural codes. Results During the pre-COVID time frame, emergency or inpatient encounters made up 688,704 subjects aged 0 to 5 years in the TriNetx database, while in the COVID-19 pandemic time frame, it made up of 368 627 subjects. Febrile seizure diagnosis frequency decreased by 36.1% [2696 during COVID-19 vs 7462 during the pre-COVID-19] and a higher proportion of status epilepticus was coded [72 (2.7%) vs 120 (1.6%)] (P < .001) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Hospitalization, lumbar puncture, critical care services, mechanical ventilation procedural codes were similar between the 2 cohorts. Antimicrobial use was higher in the pre-COVID-19 pandemic group [424 (15.7%) vs 1603 (21.5%)] (P < .001). Conclusions Less children were diagnosed with febrile seizures during the COVID-19 pandemic, but a higher proportion were coded to have the complex subtype. The medical interventions required with the exception of antimicrobial use was similar. Further study is needed regarding mitigation strategies and its impact on pediatric diseases associated with viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gary D Ceneviva
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Penn State Hershey Children’s Hospital, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Vonn Walter
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Neal J Thomas
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Conrad Krawiec
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Penn State Hershey Children’s Hospital, Hershey, PA, USA
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35
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Zhu L, Luo T, Yuan Y, Yang S, Niu C, Gong T, Wang X, Xie X, Luo J, Liu E, Fu Z, Tian D. Epidemiological characteristics of respiratory viruses in hospitalized children during the COVID-19 pandemic in southwestern China. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1142199. [PMID: 37153160 PMCID: PMC10157792 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1142199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multinational studies have reported that the implementation of nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to control severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission coincided with the decline of other respiratory viruses, such as influenza viruses and respiratory syncytial virus. Objective To investigate the prevalence of common respiratory viruses during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods Respiratory specimens of children with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) hospitalized at the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2021 were collected. Seven common pathogens, including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus (ADV), influenza virus A and B (Flu A, Flu B), and parainfluenza virus types 1-3 (PIV1-3), were detected by a multiplex direct immunofluorescence assay (DFA). Demographic data and laboratory test results were analyzed. Results 1) A total of 31,113 children with LRTIs were enrolled, including 8141 in 2018, 8681 in 2019, 6252 in 2020, and 8059 in 2021.The overall detection rates decreased in 2020 and 2021 (P < 0.001). The detection rates of RSV, ADV, Flu A, PIV-1, and PIV-3 decreased when NPIs were active from February to August 2020, with Flu A decreasing most predominantly, from 2.7% to 0.3% (P < 0.05). The detection rates of RSV and PIV-1 resurged and even surpassed the historical level of 2018-2019, while Flu A continued decreasing when NPIs were lifted (P < 0.05). 2) Seasonal patterns of Flu A completely disappeared in 2020 and 2021. The Flu B epidemic was observed until October 2021 after a long period of low detection in 2020. RSV decreased sharply after January 2020 and stayed in a nearly dormant state during the next seven months. Nevertheless, the detection rates of RSV were abnormally higher than 10% in the summer of 2021. PIV-3 decreased significantly after the COVID-19 pandemic; however, it atypically surged from August to November 2020. Conclusion The NPIs implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic affected the prevalence and seasonal patterns of certain viruses such as RSV, PIV-3, and influenza viruses. We recommend continuous surveillance of the epidemiological and evolutionary dynamics of multiple respiratory pathogens, especially when NPIs are no longer necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Luo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yining Yuan
- School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Shu Yang
- College of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Niu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Gong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xueer Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohong Xie
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Luo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Enmei Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhou Fu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Daiyin Tian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Daiyin Tian,
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Gómez de la Torre Pretell JC, Hueda-Zavaleta M, Cáceres-DelAguila JA, Barletta-Carrillo C, Copaja-Corzo C, Poccorpachi MDPS, Delgado MSV, Sanchez GMML, Benites-Zapata VA. Clinical Characteristics Associated with Detected Respiratory Microorganism Employing Multiplex Nested PCR in Patients with Presumptive COVID-19 but Negative Molecular Results in Lima, Peru. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:340. [PMID: 36355882 PMCID: PMC9692319 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7110340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic circumstances have varied the pathogens related to acute respiratory infections (ARI), and most specialists have ignored them due to SARS-CoV-2's similar symptomatology. We identify respiratory pathogens with multiplex PCR in samples with presumptive SARS-CoV-2 but negative RT-qPCR results. We performed a retrospective transversal study employing clinical data and nasopharyngeal swab samples from patients with suspected clinical SARS-CoV-2 infection and a negative PCR result in a private laboratory in Lima, Peru. The samples were analyzed using the FilmArray™ respiratory panel. Of 342 samples, we detected at least one pathogen in 50% of the samples. The main ones were rhinovirus (54.38%), influenza A(H3N2) (22.80%), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (14.04%). The clinical characteristics were sore throat (70.18%), cough (58.48%), nasal congestion (56.43%), and fever (40.06%). Only 41.46% and 48.78% of patients with influenza met the definition of influenza-like illness (ILI) by the World Health Organization (WHO) (characterized by cough and fever) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (characterized by fever and cough and sore throat), respectively. A higher prevalence of influenza was associated with ILI by WHO (aPR: 2.331) and ILI by CDC (aPR: 1.892), which was not observed with other respiratory viruses. The clinical characteristic associated with the increased prevalence of rhinovirus was nasal congestion (aPR: 1.84). For patients with ARI and negative PCR results, the leading respiratory pathogens detected were rhinovirus, influenza, and RSV. Less than half of patients with influenza presented ILI, although its presence was specific to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel Hueda-Zavaleta
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Privada de Tacna, Tacna 23003, Peru
- Hospital III Daniel Alcides Carrión-Essalud Tacna, Tacna 23000, Peru
| | | | | | - Cesar Copaja-Corzo
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Privada de Tacna, Tacna 23003, Peru
- Red Asistencial Ucayali EsSalud, Pucallpa 25003, Peru
| | | | | | | | - Vicente A. Benites-Zapata
- Unidad de Investigación para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima 15024, Peru
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Ghrieb Z, Salmona M, Michonneau D, De Saisset C, Allaoua S, Kiladjian JJ, Le Goff J, Bergeron A, Benajiba L. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on antiviral drug development for other community-acquired respiratory viruses’ infections. Therapie 2022; 78:241-245. [PMID: 36030128 PMCID: PMC9341168 DOI: 10.1016/j.therap.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic indirectly resulted in missed therapeutic opportunities for many diseases. Here we focus on community-acquired respiratory viruses other than severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) [respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza and influenza A], and highlight the pandemics impact on clinical trials to develop novel therapies for other severe respiratory viral infections. We retrospectively reviewed inclusion rates within respiratory antiviral clinical trials in comparison with all other clinical trials in our clinical investigations center, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. As opposed to the remaining clinical trials developed within our unit, respiratory antiviral trials inclusion rates did not recover after the initial recruitment decrease observed across all trials during the first pandemic wave. These results were discussed in the context of non-COVID-19 respiratory viral infection rates within our center, showing a general decline in seasonal respiratory viruses spread since the COVID-19 pandemic onset. Virus epidemiology changes upon the wide SARS-CoV-2 expansion as well as the lifestyle changes globally adopted to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission could have therefore contributed to the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on antiviral drug development. Our study highlights the peculiarity of respiratory antiviral drug development during the COVID-19 pandemic era and describes potential explanations for such drug development halting.
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Fratty IS, Reznik-Balter S, Nemet I, Atari N, Kliker L, Sherbany H, Keller N, Stein M, Mendelson E, Mandelboim M. Outbreak of Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses in Hospitalized Patients Alongside the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:902476. [PMID: 35770154 PMCID: PMC9235518 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.902476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A and other respiratory viruses, circulate each winter and cause respiratory illness that can lead to severe complications in hospitalized patients. During the COVID-19 pandemic, only a few cases of respiratory viruses were detected in Israel. Our study applied RT-PCR to examine 13,674 samples collected from patients hospitalized with respiratory symptoms in 2019, 2020, and 2021 and the first half of the 2022 winter. A sharp increase in influenza A(H3N2) cases was observed in winter 2021-2022 as compared to 2020, followed by a sudden decrease in influenza cases after the detection of the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant in Israel. Comparison of the area under the curve (AUC) of influenza infection rates during 7 consecutive winter seasons found that the minimal AUC between 2015 and 2020 was 281.1, while in 2021-2022, it was significantly lower (162.6 AUC; p = 0.0017), although the percentage of positive influenza cases was similar to those of previous years. The presented findings show how the dominance of influenza A(H3N2) abruptly ended upon circulation of the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant. However, a post-COVID-19 influenza outbreak is possible, hence the planning of the next influenza vaccine is critical to ensure lower influenza-related hospitalization rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana S. Fratty
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- The Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Shira Reznik-Balter
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ital Nemet
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Nofar Atari
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Limor Kliker
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hilda Sherbany
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Nathan Keller
- School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Michal Stein
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ella Mendelson
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Mandelboim
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- *Correspondence: Michal Mandelboim,
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Shi HJ, Kim NY, Eom SA, Kim-Jeon MD, Oh SS, Moon BS, Kwon MJ, Eom JS. Effects of Non-Pharmacological Interventions on Respiratory Viruses Other Than SARS-CoV-2: Analysis of Laboratory Surveillance and Literature Review From 2018 to 2021. J Korean Med Sci 2022; 37:e172. [PMID: 35638198 PMCID: PMC9151990 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) such as extensive and comprehensive hand hygiene, mask-wearing, and social distancing have been implemented globally. This study aimed to investigate changes in respiratory viruses other than severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that occurred following the implementation of these NPIs. METHODS From January 2018 to December 2021, influenza-like illness patient specimens and specimens from the Korea Influenza and Respiratory Viruses Surveillance System were analyzed at the Incheon Metropolitan City Institute of Public Health and Environment. Oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal swab samples from respiratory infection patients were transferred in a virus transport medium at 4°C. After RNA or DNA extraction, respiratory virus-specific genes for human influenza virus (IFV), adenovirus (ADV), parainfluenza virus (PIV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human rhinovirus (hRV), human coronavirus, human bocavirus, and human metapneumovirus were detected by individual real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS A total 3,334 samples were collected. After NPI was implemented, the detection of respiratory viruses other than SARS-CoV-2 decreased overall. The yearly detection rate of respiratory viruses was decreased from 69.5% (399/574) in 2018 and 73.3% (505/689) in 2019 to 19.8% (206/1,043) in 2020 and 34.9% (365/1,028) in 2021. The epidemic was more prominent in respiratory viruses such as IFV and RSV, which were considered dominant viruses, especially those with viral envelopes. Among viruses that were not considered dominant, hRV showed no clear change before and after NPI, while PIV showed a rapid increase compared to the existing dominant viruses between October-December 2021, after the increase in the number of gatherings started at the end of September and the "Relaxing COVID19 and mitigation policy," which was implemented on November 1. CONCLUSION NPI seems to have influenced the isolation and transmission of respiratory viruses in South Korea. In the future, additional studies focusing on the isolation and transmission patterns of respiratory viruses following NPI are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Shi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Nam Yee Kim
- Department of Diseases Research, Incheon Metropolitan City Institute of Public Health and Environment, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sun Ah Eom
- Department of Diseases Research, Incheon Metropolitan City Institute of Public Health and Environment, Incheon, Korea
| | - Myung Deok Kim-Jeon
- Department of Diseases Research, Incheon Metropolitan City Institute of Public Health and Environment, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sung Suck Oh
- Department of Diseases Research, Incheon Metropolitan City Institute of Public Health and Environment, Incheon, Korea
| | - Bag Sou Moon
- Department of Diseases Research, Incheon Metropolitan City Institute of Public Health and Environment, Incheon, Korea
| | - Mun Ju Kwon
- Department of Diseases Research, Incheon Metropolitan City Institute of Public Health and Environment, Incheon, Korea
| | - Joong Sik Eom
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
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Muruganandam N, Roy A, Sivanandan N, Vins A, Beniwal N, Kaur H, Potdar V, Parvez R. Respiratory viruses among ethnic Nicobarese during COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:463. [PMID: 35568797 PMCID: PMC9107012 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07435-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) and severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) are public health burdens globally. The percentage of non-SARS CoV-2 respiratory viruses among patients having ARI and SARI who visit Car Nicobar's hospital settings is undocumented. Changes in the epidemiology of other respiratory viruses during COVID19 pandemic is being reported worldwide. Methods Inpatient and outpatient settings at BJR hospital, Car Nicobar Island, India, were used to conduct prospective monitoring for ARI and SARI among Nicobarese tribal members. The patients with ARI and SARI were enlisted in BJR hospital from June 2019 to May 2021. At the ICMR-NIV in Pune, duplex RT-PCR assays were used to test the presence of respiratory viruses. The prevalence of non- SARS CoV-2 respiratory viruses was measured by comparing here between pandemic and pre-pandemic periods. Results During the COVID19 pandemic, Influenza A (H3N2) and rhinovirus were predominantly reported non-SARS CoV-2 respiratory viruses while Human metapneumovirusand influenza A (H1N1)pdm09were most commonly reported in the prepandemic period. This result indicates the altered circulation of non-SARS CoV-2 during pandemic. Conclusions A considerable proportion of respiratory infection was correlated with respiratory viruses. Prevalence of non-SARS CoV-2 respiratory viruses was high at the time of infection when compared with pre-pandemic period, at Car Nicobar Island. This study enlightened the change in circulation of other respiratory viruses among the indigenous Nicobarese tribes. Clinicians and allied medical staff should be more prudent of these respiratory infections. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-022-07435-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagarajan Muruganandam
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-Regional Medical Research Centre, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 744103, India
| | - Avijit Roy
- Directorate of Health Services, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 744101, India
| | - Nimisha Sivanandan
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-Regional Medical Research Centre, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 744103, India
| | - Alwin Vins
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-Regional Medical Research Centre, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 744103, India
| | - Nisha Beniwal
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-Regional Medical Research Centre, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 744103, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Varsha Potdar
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Virology (NIV), Pune, Maharashtra, 411021, India.
| | - Rehnuma Parvez
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-Regional Medical Research Centre, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 744103, India.
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Stein M, Cohen H, Nemet I, Atari N, Kliker L, Fratty IS, Bucris E, Geva M, Mendelson E, Zuckerman N, Mandelboim M. Human metapneumovirus prevalence during 2019-2021 in Israel is influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 120:205-209. [PMID: 35472530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare infection rates and circulating subtypes of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) before (2019-2020) and after the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (2021) in Israel. METHODS In total, 12,718 respiratory samples were collected from hospitalized patients of all ages during the years 2019 to 2021 at the Sheba Medical Center in Israel and subjected to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. In addition, whole-genome sequencing was performed to characterize the subtypes of hMPV circulating in Israel between 2019 and 2021. RESULTS A total of 481 samples were found positive for hMPV. Before the emergence of COVID-19, hMPV peaked in winter months and declined thereafter. In sharp contrast, during the COVID-19 pandemic, we observed a delayed peak in hMPV infection cases and higher infection of young children. Viral sequencing showed a shift in the most prevalent circulating hMPV strain from A2b to B1 during the years 2019, 2020, and 2021. CONCLUSION Compared with the years before the COVID-19 pandemic, in 2021, hMPV mostly affected young children, and the most prevalent circulating subtype shifted from A2b in 2019 to B1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Stein
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Hodaya Cohen
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ital Nemet
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Nofar Atari
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Limor Kliker
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ilana S Fratty
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Efrat Bucris
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Miranda Geva
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ella Mendelson
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel; Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Neta Zuckerman
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Michal Mandelboim
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel; Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.
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Zhao H, Wang S, Meng R, Liu G, Hu J, Zhang H, Yan S, Zhan S. Appropriateness of Antibiotic Prescriptions in Chinese Primary Health Care and the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Typically Descriptive and Longitudinal Database Study in Yinchuan City. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:861782. [PMID: 35496308 PMCID: PMC9049214 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.861782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The appropriateness of antibiotic prescriptions in primary care has not been well evaluated in China in recent years. Furthermore, the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on antibiotic prescriptions has not yet been investigated in China. We aimed to assess the appropriateness of antibiotic prescriptions and to evaluate the potential association between the COVID-19 pandemic and antibiotic prescriptions in primary care settings of Yinchuan, a city in China. Methods: This study included 155 primary care institutions and 10,192,713 outpatient visits. Outpatient prescriptions were classified as appropriate, potentially appropriate, inappropriate, or not linked to any diagnosis for antibiotic use following a validated evaluation scheme. Interrupted time-series analyses were performed to assess the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on antibiotic prescriptions in Chinese primary care facilities. Results: During the study period, 1,287,678 (12.6%, 95% confidence interval [12.6-12.7]) of 10,192,713 outpatient visits in primary care resulted in antibiotic prescriptions. Among 1,287,678 antibiotic prescriptions, 653,335 (50.7% [50.6-50.9]) were inappropriate, 463,081 (36.0% [35.8-36.1]) were potentially appropriate, 171,056 (13.3% [13.1-13.5]) were appropriate, and 206 could not be linked to any diagnosis. Furthermore, patient, physician, and institutional factors were associated with inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions; there was an overall decreasing trend in the proportions of inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions, with the highest level in 2017 (67.1% [66.8-67.5]) and the lowest in 2021 (40.8% [40.3-41.3]). A total of 1,416,120 individual antibiotics were prescribed, of which 1,087,630 (76.8%) were broad-spectrum and 777,672 (54.9%) were classified in the World Health Organization's "Watch" category. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with changes of -2.8% (-4.4 to -1.3) in the level and 0.3% (0.2-0.3) in the monthly trend of antibiotic prescription rates, as well as changes of -5.9% (-10.2 to -1.5) in the level and 1.3% (1.0-1.6) in the monthly trend of the proportions of inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions. Conclusion: More than half of the antibiotic prescriptions were inappropriate during the study period in primary care in Yinchuan. The COVID-19 pandemic may be associated with a decrease in the overall and inappropriate use of antibiotics in primary care settings in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houyu Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengfeng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruogu Meng
- National Institute of Health Data Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Guozhen Liu
- Peking University Health Information Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huina Zhang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shaohua Yan
- Department of Oncology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Siyan Zhan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Center for Intelligent Public Health, Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Nguyen QT, Dao TL, Pham TD, Tran TK, Hoang VT, Gautret P. Effect of the COVID-19 Outbreak on the Incidence of Other Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Infections in Children in Thai Binh, Vietnam in 2020. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2022; 12:182-187. [PMID: 35397707 PMCID: PMC8994859 DOI: 10.1007/s44197-022-00037-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction To evaluate the impact of COVID-19 mitigation measures on the total number of consultations for respiratory and gastrointestinal infections among children under 16 years in Thai Binh Pediatric Hospital, Vietnam during the year 2020. Methods A retrospective study was carried out to review consecutive consultations occurring in children admitted from January 01, 2016 to December 31, 2020. All medical records were collected from the central numeric database of the hospital. Diagnoses were documented according to the International Classification of Diseases 10 criteria. Results 436,276 children consulted at the outpatient department during the period of study. A gradual increase in the total number of outpatients was observed from 2016 to 2019, including those consulting for respiratory and gastrointestinal infections. However, the total number of outpatients and the numbers of those consulting for respiratory and gastrointestinal infections dramatically decreased in 2020. A significant decrease of respiratory infections relative proportion was observed in 2020 when compared to 2016–2019 (p < 0.0001). By contrast, the relative proportion of gastrointestinal infections did not significantly vary (p = 0.91). The proportion of outpatients aged under 5 years was significantly lower in 2020 compared to previous years (p < 0.0001). The proportion of male patients was significantly higher in 2020 than from 2016 to 2019 (p = 0.001). Conclusion Public health measures against the COVID-19 pandemic likely decreased the prevalence of other respiratory tract infections. Further studies are needed to validate the effectiveness of each type of measure. Microbiological studies are also recommended, to better understand the effect of preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quoc Tien Nguyen
- Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh, Vietnam
| | - Thi Loi Dao
- Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh, Vietnam
| | - Thi Dung Pham
- Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh, Vietnam
| | | | - Van Thuan Hoang
- Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh, Vietnam
| | - Philippe Gautret
- Thai Binh Pediatric Hospital, Thai Binh, Vietnam.
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille Cedex 05, France.
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Giraud-Gatineau A, Kaba L, Boschi C, Devaux C, Casalta JP, Gautret P, Chaudet H, Colson P, Raoult D. Control of common viral epidemics but not of SARS-CoV-2 through the application of hygiene and distancing measures. J Clin Virol 2022; 150-151:105163. [PMID: 35472752 PMCID: PMC9013017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2022.105163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background We systematically survey respiratory and gastrointestinal infections of viral origin in samples sent to our university hospital institute in Marseille, southern France. Here, we evaluated whether the measures implemented to fight COVID-19 had an effect on the dynamics of viral respiratory or gastrointestinal infections. Methods We analysed PCR performed and positive for the diagnoses of viral respiratory and gastrointestinal infections over five years (January 2017-February 2021). Data were collected from our epidemiological surveillance system (MIDaS). Dates and contents of French measures against SARS-CoV-2 were collected from: https://www.gouvernement.fr/info-coronavirus/les-actions-du-gouvernement. Results Over the 2017-2021 period, 990,364 analyses were carried out for respiratory infections not including SARS-CoV-2, 510,671 for SARS-CoV-2 and 27,719 for gastrointestinal infections. During winter 2020–2021, when the most restrictive lockdown measures were in place in France, a marked decrease of infections with influenza viruses (one case versus 1,839-1,850 cases during 2017-2020 cold seasons) and with the RSV (56 cases versus 988-1,196 cases during 2017-2020 cold seasons) was observed, demonstrating the relative effectiveness of these measures on their occurrence. SARS-CoV-2 incidence seemed far less affected. Rhinoviruses, parainfluenza 3 virus, and the coronavirus NL63 remained at comparable levels. Also, the norovirus winter season positivity rates decreased continuously and significantly over time from 9.3% in 2017–2018 to 2.0% in 2020–2021. Conclusion The measures taken to control COVID-19 were effective against lower respiratory tract infections viruses and gastroenteritis agents, but not on the agents of the common winter cold and SARS-CoV-2. This suggests that more specific measures to prevent COVID-19 and upper respiratory tract infections need to be discovered to limit the spread of this epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Giraud-Gatineau
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Service de Santé des Armées (SSA), Vecteurs - Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (VITROME), 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France;; French Armed Forces Center for Epidemiology and Public Health (CESPA), Service de Santé des Armées (SSA), camp de Sainte Marthe, BP 40026, Marseille, France; Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), 264 rue Saint-Pierre, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Lancei Kaba
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Service de Santé des Armées (SSA), Vecteurs - Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (VITROME), 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France;; Aix-Marseille Univ, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections (MEPHI), 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Céline Boschi
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France; Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), 264 rue Saint-Pierre, 13005, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Univ, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections (MEPHI), 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Christian Devaux
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Univ, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections (MEPHI), 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Paul Casalta
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France; Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), 264 rue Saint-Pierre, 13005, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Univ, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections (MEPHI), 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Gautret
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Service de Santé des Armées (SSA), Vecteurs - Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (VITROME), 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France;; Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), 264 rue Saint-Pierre, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Hervé Chaudet
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Service de Santé des Armées (SSA), Vecteurs - Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (VITROME), 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France;; French Armed Forces Center for Epidemiology and Public Health (CESPA), Service de Santé des Armées (SSA), camp de Sainte Marthe, BP 40026, Marseille, France; Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), 264 rue Saint-Pierre, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Colson
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France; Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), 264 rue Saint-Pierre, 13005, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Univ, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections (MEPHI), 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Univ, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections (MEPHI), 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France.
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Masarweh K, Gur M, Bar-Yoseph R, Bentur L, Dabaja-Younis H. Characterization of respiratory illness surge (April-June 2021) post-COVID-19 lockdown. Pediatr Pulmonol 2022; 57:667-673. [PMID: 34914208 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Following the opening of lockdown and relaxation of public health restrictions, an unusual surge of respiratory illness occurred during the spring/summer (Q2) 2021 season. We aimed to characterize this surge compared to previous years. METHODS Children discharged from a single tertiary hospital for respiratory illness or selected noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) between 2015 and 2021 were included, and hospitalization rates were compared. To evaluate whether the current respiratory surge resembles a typical winter, characteristics of the second quarter (Q2, April-June) of 2021 were compared to parallel seasons and to autumn/winter (Q4, October-December) of the previous years. RESULTS Respiratory illness showed a seasonal peak, while the pattern of NCD was consistent throughout the study period. Respiratory illnesses showed a delayed surge in Q2 2021 (389 patients), with a missing seasonal peak in Q2 and Q4 2020 (135 and 119 patients, respectively). There were more cases of croup in Q2 2021 compared to Q2 and Q4 2015-2019 (26.2 vs. 12.5% and 15.8%, p < 0.001), fewer cases of pneumonia (5.9 vs. 15.9% and 11.7%, p < 0.001), lower admission rates (22.4 vs. 36.3% and 31.5%, p < 0.001), and fewer hypoxemia during hospitalization (6.3 vs. 11.7% and 10%, p < 0.001). Additionally, lower use of antibiotics (6.2 vs. 12.3% and 10.3%, p = 0.001 and 0.012, respectively) and higher use of steroids (33.7 vs. 24.8% and 28.3%, p < 0.001 and 0.034, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The postponed increase in respiratory morbidity after lockdown had unique characteristics, with upper respiratory illness predominating and fewer hospitalizations. Follow-up is needed to assess the altered epidemiological patterns of respiratory diseases in the post-COVID era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Masarweh
- Pediatric Pulmonary Institute and CF Center, The Ruth Rappaport Children's Hospital, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michal Gur
- Pediatric Pulmonary Institute and CF Center, The Ruth Rappaport Children's Hospital, Haifa, Israel.,Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ronen Bar-Yoseph
- Pediatric Pulmonary Institute and CF Center, The Ruth Rappaport Children's Hospital, Haifa, Israel.,Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lea Bentur
- Pediatric Pulmonary Institute and CF Center, The Ruth Rappaport Children's Hospital, Haifa, Israel.,Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Halima Dabaja-Younis
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Rappaport Children's Hospital, Haifa, Israel
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46
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The Influence of COVID-19 on Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Activities. Infect Dis Rep 2022; 14:134-141. [PMID: 35200444 PMCID: PMC8872472 DOI: 10.3390/idr14010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Respiratory viral diseases have considerably declined since the COVID-19 outbreak, perhaps through influence by nonpharmaceutical interventions. We conducted a cross-sectional study using the CDC database to compare the pre- vs. post-pandemic flu activity (incidence) between the US states. Our secondary objectives were to estimate the association between flu activity and flu vaccination rates and compare the national trends of flu and RSV activities since the pandemic outbreak. Methods: We estimated the difference between pre-pandemic (April 2019–March 2020) and post-pandemic (April 2020–March 2021) flu activity between individual states using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The association between flu activity and immunization rates was also measured. Finally, parallel time trend graphs for flu and RSV activities were illustrated with a time series modeler. Results: The median (IQR) pre-pandemic flu activity was 4.10 (1.38), higher than the post-pandemic activity (1.38 (0.71)) (p-value < 0.001). There was no difference between pre-pandemic (45.50% (39.10%)) and post-pandemic (45.0% (19.84%)) flu vaccine acceptance (p-value > 0.05). Flu activity and vaccination rates were not associated (p-value > 0.05). Flu activity has declined since the COVID-19 outbreak, while RSV made a strong comeback in June 2021. Conclusion: Flu activity has significantly diminished throughout the pandemic while a sudden upsurge in RSV is a public health concern indicative of possible resurgence of other viruses. Flu vaccine acceptance neither changed during the pandemic nor influenced the diminished Flu activity.
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47
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Reis JG, Cadamuro RD, Cabral AC, Thaís da Silva I, Rodríguez-Lázaro D, Fongaro G. Broad Spectrum Algae Compounds Against Viruses. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:809296. [PMID: 35095816 PMCID: PMC8795700 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.809296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmaceutical industry is currently trying to develop new bioactive compounds to inactivate both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses for therapeutic purposes. Consequently, microalgal and macroalgal bioactive compounds are being explored by pharmaceutical, as well as biotechnology and food industries. In this review, we show how compounds produced by algae include important candidates for viral control applications. We discuss their mechanisms of action and activity against enveloped and non-enveloped viruses, including those causing infections by enteric, parenteral, and respiratory routes. Indeed, algal products have potential in human and animal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Graff Reis
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Rafael Dorighello Cadamuro
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Ariadne Cristiane Cabral
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Izabella Thaís da Silva
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - David Rodríguez-Lázaro
- Microbiology Division, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
- Research Centre for Emerging Pathogens and Global Health, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Gislaine Fongaro
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Gislaine Fongaro,
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Quandelacy TM, Adams LE, Munoz J, Santiago GA, Kada S, Johansson MA, Alvarado LI, Rivera-Amill V, Paz–Bailey G. Reduced spread of influenza and other respiratory viral infections during the COVID-19 pandemic in southern Puerto Rico. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266095. [PMID: 35476785 PMCID: PMC9045654 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Impacts of COVID-19 mitigation measures on seasonal respiratory viruses is unknown in sub-tropical climates. METHODS We compared weekly testing and test-positivity of respiratory infections in the 2019-2020 respiratory season to the 2012-2018 seasons in southern Puerto Rico using Wilcoxon signed rank tests. RESULTS Compared to the average for the 2012-2018 seasons, test-positivity was significantly lower for Influenza A (p<0.001) & B (p<0.001), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (p<0.01), respiratory adenovirus (AdV) (p<0.05), and other respiratory viruses (p<0.001) following March 2020 COVID-19 stay at home orders. CONCLUSIONS Mitigation measures and behavioral social distancing choices may have reduced respiratory viral spread in southern Puerto Rico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia M. Quandelacy
- Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Laura E. Adams
- Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Jorge Munoz
- Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Gilberto A. Santiago
- Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Sarah Kada
- Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Michael A. Johansson
- Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | | | - Gabriela Paz–Bailey
- Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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Ye Q, Liu H. Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic on common childhood respiratory viruses - A epidemiological study based on hospital data. Microbes Infect 2021; 24:104911. [PMID: 34871774 PMCID: PMC8641407 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2021.104911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Considering common childhood respiratory viruses and SARS-CoV-2 share similar transmission routes, non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to prevent SARS-CoV-2 may affect the epidemiology of respiratory viruses. Therefore, our study aimed to observe the epidemiologic characteristics of common childhood respiratory viruses in 2020 (after the pandemic) compared with 2019 (before the pandemic) in Hangzhou, China. The data were compared between 2019 and 2020 based on age and month, respectively. One or more viruses were detected in 3135/21452 (14.61%) specimens in 2019, which was significantly lower in 1110/8202 (13.53%) specimens in 2020. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was the most commonly detected virus in 2019 and 2020. The positive rate of adenovirus (ADV), parainfluenza virus (PIV)1, PIV2, and PIV3 in 2020 was significantly decreased in 2019. In 2020, RSV replaced ADV as the most predominant virus in children aged 1–6 years, and the positive rate of influenza virus A (FluA), influenza virus B (FluB), PIV1, and PIV2 was not correlated to age. FluA, FluB, and PIV2 were not almost detected from February 2020. The positive rates of ADV and PIV1 were uncorrelated to the month in 2020. By strict NPIs, besides controlling the COVID-19 pandemic, incredible progress has been made to reduce the prevalence of common childhood respiratory viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ye
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
| | - Huihui Liu
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310052, China
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50
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Keshavarz Valian N, Pourakbari B, Asna Ashari K, Hosseinpour Sadeghi R, Mahmoudi S. Evaluation of human coronavirus OC43 and SARS-COV-2 in children with respiratory tract infection during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Med Virol 2021; 94:1450-1456. [PMID: 34786736 PMCID: PMC8661600 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic is an overwhelming crisis across the world. Human Coronavirus OC43 (HCoV‐OC43) is a Betacoronavirus responsible mostly for mild respiratory symptoms. Since the presentations of HCoV‐OC43 and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐COV‐2) are believed to resemble a lot, the aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and characteristics of HCoV‐OC43 in the current pandemic and the rate of coinfection for the two viruses. One hundred and seventeen patients referred to Children's Medical Center, Tehran, Iran with respiratory symptoms were included. Real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) methods were performed for the detection of HCoV‐OC43 and SARS‐COV‐2. Totally, 23 (20%) had a positive RT‐PCR for HCoV‐OC43 and 25 (21%) were positive for SARS‐COV‐2. Two patients (2%) had a positive PCR for both HCoV‐OC43 and SARS‐COV‐2. The two groups showed significant differences in having contact with family members with suspected or confirmed COVID‐19 (p = 0.017), fever (p = 0.02), edema (p = 0.036), vomiting (p < 0.001), abdominal complaints (p = 0.005), and myalgia (p = 0.02). The median level of lymphocyte count in patients with HCoV‐OC43 was significantly lower than patients with SARS‐COV‐2 infection (p = 0.039). The same frequency of SARS‐COV‐2 and HCoV‐OC43 was found in children with respiratory symptoms during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The rate of coinfection of SARS‐COV‐2 with HCoV‐OC43 in our study was 0.08. Further research into the cocirculation of endemic coronaviruses, such as HCoV‐OC43 and SARS‐CoV2, in different regions, is highly recommended. Attempts to determine the geographic distribution and recruit more flexible test panel designs are also highly recommended. The same frequency of SARS‐COV‐2 and HCoV‐OC43 was found in children with respiratory symptoms during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The rate of co‐infection of SARS‐COV‐2 with HCoV‐OC43 was 0.08. The frequency of fever, headache, edema, vomiting, abdominal complaints and myalgia was significantly higher in the HCoV‐OC43 group compared with the SARS‐COV‐2 group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Keshavarz Valian
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Pourakbari
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kosar Asna Ashari
- Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shima Mahmoudi
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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