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Chen R, Zhang H, Tang B, Luo Y, Yang Y, Zhong X, Chen S, Xu X, Huang S, Liu C. Macrophages in cardiovascular diseases: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:130. [PMID: 38816371 PMCID: PMC11139930 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01840-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune response holds a pivotal role in cardiovascular disease development. As multifunctional cells of the innate immune system, macrophages play an essential role in initial inflammatory response that occurs following cardiovascular injury, thereby inducing subsequent damage while also facilitating recovery. Meanwhile, the diverse phenotypes and phenotypic alterations of macrophages strongly associate with distinct types and severity of cardiovascular diseases, including coronary heart disease, valvular disease, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, atherosclerosis and aneurysm, which underscores the importance of investigating macrophage regulatory mechanisms within the context of specific diseases. Besides, recent strides in single-cell sequencing technologies have revealed macrophage heterogeneity, cell-cell interactions, and downstream mechanisms of therapeutic targets at a higher resolution, which brings new perspectives into macrophage-mediated mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets in cardiovascular diseases. Remarkably, myocardial fibrosis, a prevalent characteristic in most cardiac diseases, remains a formidable clinical challenge, necessitating a profound investigation into the impact of macrophages on myocardial fibrosis within the context of cardiac diseases. In this review, we systematically summarize the diverse phenotypic and functional plasticity of macrophages in regulatory mechanisms of cardiovascular diseases and unprecedented insights introduced by single-cell sequencing technologies, with a focus on different causes and characteristics of diseases, especially the relationship between inflammation and fibrosis in cardiac diseases (myocardial infarction, pressure overload, myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy and cardiac aging) and the relationship between inflammation and vascular injury in vascular diseases (atherosclerosis and aneurysm). Finally, we also highlight the preclinical/clinical macrophage targeting strategies and translational implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runkai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Heart Center, Translational Medicine Research Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Hongrui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Heart Center, Translational Medicine Research Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Botao Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Heart Center, Translational Medicine Research Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Yukun Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Heart Center, Translational Medicine Research Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Yufei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Heart Center, Translational Medicine Research Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Xin Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Heart Center, Translational Medicine Research Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Sifei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Xinjie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China.
| | - Shengkang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China.
| | - Canzhao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Heart Center, Translational Medicine Research Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
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Viana GDA, da Costa MDR, da Silva ME, Duque BR, de Siqueira EA, Martins AMC, Alves RDS, de Menezes RRPPB, de Queiroz MGR, Sampaio TL. Serum il-18 and rs187238 single nucleotide polymorphism are associated with high-density lipoprotein changes in covid-19 outpatients. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110645. [PMID: 37453156 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
AIM COVID-19 is an inflammatory disease and its prognosis is associated with cardiovascular risk, which can be associated with changes in lipoprotein metabolism. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs187238 of Interleukin (IL)-18 is extensively reported in association with worsening inflammatory and cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study evaluated the association of IL-18 levels and its SNP rs187238 with lipoprotein profile changes in COVID-19 outpatients. METHODS Observational, analytical, cross-sectional study that evaluated 250 patients with respiratory syndrome, 36% (n = 90) with COVID-19. Serum total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), triglycerides (TG), apolipoproteins A-I and B (Apo A-I and Apo B) and IL-18 levels were determined. Polymorphism genotyping was done by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The significance level was p < 0.05. RESULTS Patients with COVID-19 showed a reduction in TC and HDL-c, without difference in IL-18. HDL-c and LDL-c had a high frequency outside the reference values. There was a negative correlation of IL-18 with HDL-c and a positive correlation with Apo B/Apo A-I ratio. The frequencies of the C (wild) and G (polymorphic) alleles between patients with and without COVID-19 followed the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. However, COVID-19 was associated with reduced HDL-c and Apo A-I values in patients with the CC genotype. CONCLUSION IL-18 levels and its SNP rs187238 were associated with decreased HDL-c and Apo A-I in COVID-19 outpatients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glautemberg de Almeida Viana
- Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences; Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing; Federal University of Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Mateus Edson da Silva
- Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences; Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing; Federal University of Ceará, Brazil
| | - Bruna Ribeiro Duque
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis; Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing; Federal University of Ceará, Brazil
| | - Erlânia Alves de Siqueira
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis; Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing; Federal University of Ceará, Brazil
| | - Alice Maria Costa Martins
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis; Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing; Federal University of Ceará, Brazil
| | - Renata de Sousa Alves
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis; Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing; Federal University of Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tiago Lima Sampaio
- Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences; Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing; Federal University of Ceará, Brazil; Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis; Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing; Federal University of Ceará, Brazil.
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Popa-Fotea NM, Ferdoschi CE, Micheu MM. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of inflammation in atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1200341. [PMID: 37600028 PMCID: PMC10434786 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1200341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and its complications are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide in spite of the improved medical and invasive treatment in terms of revascularization. Atherosclerosis is a dynamic, multi-step process in which inflammation is a ubiquitous component participating in the initiation, development, and entanglements of the atherosclerotic plaque. After activation, the immune system, either native or acquired, is part of the atherosclerotic dynamics enhancing the pro-atherogenic function of immune or non-immune cells, such as endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, or platelets, through mediators such as cytokines or directly by cell-to-cell interaction. Cytokines are molecules secreted by the activated cells mentioned above that mediate the inflammatory component of atherosclerosis whose function is to stimulate the immune cells and the production of further cytokines. This review provides insights of the cell axis activation and specific mechanisms and pathways through which inflammation actuates atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta-Monica Popa-Fotea
- Department 4 Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila,”Bucharest, Romania
- Cardiology Department, Emergency Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corina-Elena Ferdoschi
- Department 4 Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila,”Bucharest, Romania
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The Role of Macrophages in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040522. [PMID: 36831189 PMCID: PMC9954519 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A wide variety of cell populations, including both immune and endothelial cells, participate in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Among these groups, macrophages deserve special attention because different populations of them can have completely different effects on atherogenesis and inflammation in atherosclerosis. In the current review, the significance of different phenotypes of macrophages in the progression or regression of atherosclerosis will be considered, including their ability to become the foam cells and the consequences of this event, as well as their ability to create a pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory medium at the site of atherosclerotic lesions as a result of cytokine production. In addition, several therapeutic strategies directed to the modulation of macrophage activity, which can serve as useful ideas for future drug developments, will be considered.
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Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and NLRP3 Inflammasome: A Disturbing Duo in Atherosclerosis, Inflammation and Atherothrombosis. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020261. [PMID: 36851139 PMCID: PMC9966193 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the formation of plaque within arteries due to overt assemblage of fats, cholesterol and fibrous material causing a blockage of the free flow of blood leading to ischemia. It is harshly impinging on health statistics worldwide because of being principal cause of high morbidity and mortality for several diseases including rheumatological, heart and brain disorders. Atherosclerosis is perpetuated by pro-inflammatory and exacerbated by pro-coagulatory mediators. Besides several other pathways, the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and the activation of the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome contribute significantly to the initiation and propagation of atherosclerotic plaque for its worst outcomes. The present review highlights the contribution of these two disturbing processes in atherosclerosis, inflammation and atherothrombosis in their individual as well as collaborative manner.
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The IL-1 Family and Its Role in Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010017. [PMID: 36613465 PMCID: PMC9820551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The IL-1 superfamily of cytokines is a central regulator of immunity and inflammation. The family is composed of 11 cytokines (with agonist, antagonist, and anti-inflammatory properties) and 10 receptors, all tightly regulated through decoy receptor, receptor antagonists, and signaling inhibitors. Inflammation not only is an important physiological response against infection and injury but also plays a central role in atherosclerosis development. Several clinical association studies along with experimental studies have implicated the IL-1 superfamily of cytokines and its receptors in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Here, we summarize the key features of the IL-1 family, its role in immunity and disease, and how it helps shape the development of atherosclerosis.
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Chiorescu RM, Mocan M, Inceu AI, Buda AP, Blendea D, Vlaicu SI. Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaque: Is There a Molecular Signature? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13638. [PMID: 36362423 PMCID: PMC9656166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and its clinical manifestations, coronary and cerebral artery diseases, are the most common cause of death worldwide. The main pathophysiological mechanism for these complications is the rupture of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques and subsequent thrombosis. Pathological studies of the vulnerable lesions showed that more frequently, plaques rich in lipids and with a high level of inflammation, responsible for mild or moderate stenosis, are more prone to rupture, leading to acute events. Identifying the vulnerable plaques helps to stratify patients at risk of developing acute vascular events. Traditional imaging methods based on plaque appearance and size are not reliable in prediction the risk of rupture. Intravascular imaging is a novel technique able to identify vulnerable lesions, but it is invasive and an operator-dependent technique. This review aims to summarize the current data from literature regarding the main biomarkers involved in the attempt to diagnose vulnerable atherosclerotic lesions. These biomarkers could be the base for risk stratification and development of the new therapeutic drugs in the treatment of patients with vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Mihaela Chiorescu
- Internal Medicine Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela Mocan
- Internal Medicine Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea Ioana Inceu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Cardiology, Nicolae Stăncioiu Heart Institute, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea Paula Buda
- Department of Cardiology, Nicolae Stăncioiu Heart Institute, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dan Blendea
- Department of Cardiology, Nicolae Stăncioiu Heart Institute, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Cardiology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400437 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sonia Irina Vlaicu
- Internal Medicine Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Li W, Jin K, Luo J, Xu W, Wu Y, Zhou J, Wang Y, Xu R, Jiao L, Wang T, Yang G. NF-κB and its crosstalk with endoplasmic reticulum stress in atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:988266. [PMID: 36204587 PMCID: PMC9530249 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.988266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a common cardiovascular disease with complex pathogenesis, in which multiple pathways and their interweaving regulatory mechanism remain unclear. The primary transcription factor NF-κB plays a critical role in AS via modulating the expression of a series of inflammatory mediators under various stimuli such as cytokines, microbial antigens, and intracellular stresses. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, caused by the disrupted synthesis and secretion of protein, links inflammation, metabolic signals, and other cellular processes via the unfolded protein response (UPR). Both NF-κB and ER stress share the intersection regarding their molecular regulation and function and are regarded as critical individual contributors to AS. In this review, we summarize the multiple interactions between NF-κB and ER stress activation, including the UPR, NLRP3 inflammasome, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which have been ignored in the pathogenesis of AS. Given the multiple links between NF-κB and ER stress, we speculate that the integrated network contributes to the understanding of molecular mechanisms of AS. This review aims to provide an insight into these interactions and their underlying roles in the progression of AS, highlighting potential pharmacological targets against the atherosclerotic inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- Laboratory of Computational Biology and Machine Intelligence, National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kehan Jin
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jichang Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China
| | - Wenlong Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Wu
- Laboratory of Computational Biology and Machine Intelligence, National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yilin Wang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China
| | - Liqun Jiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Liqun Jiao,
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China
- Tao Wang,
| | - Ge Yang
- Laboratory of Computational Biology and Machine Intelligence, National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Tao Wang,
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Liu L, Shi Z, Ji X, Zhang W, Luan J, Zahr T, Qiang L. Adipokines, adiposity, and atherosclerosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:272. [PMID: 35503385 PMCID: PMC11073100 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04286-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Characterized by a surplus of whole-body adiposity, obesity is strongly associated with the prognosis of atherosclerosis, a hallmark of coronary artery disease (CAD) and the major contributor to cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Adipose tissue serves a primary role as a lipid-storage organ, secreting cytokines known as adipokines that affect whole-body metabolism, inflammation, and endocrine functions. Emerging evidence suggests that adipokines can play important roles in atherosclerosis development, progression, as well as regression. Here, we review the versatile functions of various adipokines in atherosclerosis and divide these respective functions into three major groups: protective, deteriorative, and undefined. The protective adipokines represented here are adiponectin, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21), C1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein 9 (CTRP9), and progranulin, while the deteriorative adipokines listed include leptin, chemerin, resistin, Interleukin- 6 (IL-6), and more, with additional adipokines that have unclear roles denoted as undefined adipokines. Comprehensively categorizing adipokines in the context of atherosclerosis can help elucidate the various pathways involved and potentially pave novel therapeutic approaches to treat CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhua Liu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zunhan Shi
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Ji
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqian Zhang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinwen Luan
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tarik Zahr
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Li Qiang
- Department of Pathology and Cellular Biology and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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10
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Baars T, Gieseler RK, Patsalis PC, Canbay A. Towards harnessing the value of organokine crosstalk to predict the risk for cardiovascular disease in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Metabolism 2022; 130:155179. [PMID: 35283187 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease. Importantly, NAFLD increases the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). A causal relationship has been substantiated. Given the pandemic proportions of NAFLD, a reliable scoring system for predicting the risk of NAFLD-associated CVD is an urgent medical need. We here review cumulative evidence suggesting that systemically released organokines - especially certain adipokines, hepatokines, and cardiokines - may serve this purpose. The underlying rationale is that these signalers directly communicate between white adipose tissue, liver, and heart as key players in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and resultant CVD events. Moreover, evidence suggests that these organ-specific cytokines are secreted in a biologically predetermined, cascade-like pattern. Consequently, upon pinpointing organokines of relevance, we sketch requirements to establish an algorithm predictive of the CVD risk in patients with NAFLD. Such an algorithm, as to be consolidated in the form of an applicable equation, may be improved continuously by machine learning. To the best of our knowledge, such an option has not yet been considered. Establishing and implementing a reliable algorithm for determining the NAFLD-associated CVD risk has the potential to save many NAFLD patients from life-threatening CVD events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodor Baars
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr University Bochum, 44892 Bochum, Germany; Section of Metabolic and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital, Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr University Bochum, 44892 Bochum, Germany
| | - Robert K Gieseler
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr University Bochum, 44892 Bochum, Germany; Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, University Hospital, Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr University Bochum, 44892 Bochum, Germany
| | - Polykarpos C Patsalis
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr University Bochum, 44892 Bochum, Germany; Section of Cardiology and Internal Emergency Medicine, University Hospital, Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr University Bochum, 44892 Bochum, Germany
| | - Ali Canbay
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr University Bochum, 44892 Bochum, Germany; Section of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, University Hospital, Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr University Bochum, 44892 Bochum, Germany.
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11
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Chan YH, Ramji DP. Key Roles of Inflammation in Atherosclerosis: Mediators Involved in Orchestrating the Inflammatory Response and Its Resolution in the Disease Along with Therapeutic Avenues Targeting Inflammation. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2419:21-37. [PMID: 35237956 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1924-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a critical driver of all stages of atherosclerosis, from lesion development to plaque rupture. Cytokines are mediators of the immune response and in atherosclerosis, the balance of anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines is tipped in favor of the latter, resulting in persistent and unresolved inflammation. Although reducing plasma cholesterol levels mainly via the use of statins has positively impacted patient outcomes and reduced mortality rates, the presence of significant residual inflammation and cardiovascular risk posttherapy emphasizes the prevailing risk of primary and secondary events driven by inflammation independently of hyperlipidemia. Given the dominant role of inflammation in driving pathogenesis, alternative therapeutic avenues beyond targeting lowering of plasma lipids are required. This chapter will discuss the role of inflammation and pro-inflammatory cytokines in driving atherogenesis and disease progression, the therapeutic potential of targeting cytokines for atherosclerosis and promising avenues in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee-Hung Chan
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Dipak P Ramji
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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12
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Toldo S, Mezzaroma E, Buckley LF, Potere N, Di Nisio M, Biondi-Zoccai G, Van Tassell BW, Abbate A. Targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome in cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 236:108053. [PMID: 34906598 PMCID: PMC9187780 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The NACHT, leucine-rich repeat (LRR), and pyrin domain (PYD)-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is an intracellular sensing protein complex that plays a major role in innate immunity. Following tissue injury, activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome results in cytokine production, primarily interleukin(IL)-1β and IL-18, and, eventually, inflammatory cell death - pyroptosis. While a balanced inflammatory response favors damage resolution and tissue healing, excessive NLRP3 activation causes detrimental effects. A key involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome has been reported across a wide range of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Several pharmacological agents selectively targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome system have been developed and tested in animals and early phase human studies with overall promising results. While the NLRP3 inhibitors are in clinical development, multiple randomized trials have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of IL-1 blockade in atherothrombosis, heart failure and recurrent pericarditis. Furthermore, the non-selective NLRP3 inhibitor colchicine has been recently shown to significantly reduce cardiovascular events in patients with chronic coronary disease. In this review, we will outline the mechanisms driving NLRP3 assembly and activation, and discuss the pathogenetic role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in CVDs, providing an overview of the current and future therapeutic approaches targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Toldo
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Eleonora Mezzaroma
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcome Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Leo F Buckley
- Department of Pharmacy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicola Potere
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marcello Di Nisio
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy; Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy
| | - Benjamin W Van Tassell
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcome Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Antonio Abbate
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Wright Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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Farahi L, Sinha SK, Lusis AJ. Roles of Macrophages in Atherogenesis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:785220. [PMID: 34899348 PMCID: PMC8660976 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.785220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that may ultimately lead to local proteolysis, plaque rupture, and thrombotic vascular disease, resulting in myocardial infarction, stroke, and sudden cardiac death. Circulating monocytes are recruited to the arterial wall in response to inflammatory insults and differentiate into macrophages which make a critical contribution to tissue damage, wound healing, and also regression of atherosclerotic lesions. Within plaques, macrophages take up aggregated lipoproteins which have entered the vessel wall to give rise to cholesterol-engorged foam cells. Also, the macrophage phenotype is influenced by various stimuli which affect their polarization, efferocytosis, proliferation, and apoptosis. The heterogeneity of macrophages in lesions has recently been addressed by single-cell sequencing techniques. This article reviews recent advances regarding the roles of macrophages in different stages of disease pathogenesis from initiation to advanced atherosclerosis. Macrophage-based therapies for atherosclerosis management are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Farahi
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Satyesh K. Sinha
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Aldons J. Lusis
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Empagliflozin Ameliorates Free Fatty Acid Induced-Lipotoxicity in Renal Proximal Tubular Cells via the PPARγ/CD36 Pathway in Obese Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212408. [PMID: 34830289 PMCID: PMC8621539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
High serum levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) could contribute to obesity-induced nephropathy. CD36, a class B scavenger receptor, is a major receptor mediating FFA uptake in renal proximal tubular cells. Empagliflozin, a new anti-diabetic agent, is a specific inhibitor of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 channels presented on renal proximal tubular cells and inhibits glucose reabsorption. In addition, empagliflozin has shown renoprotective effects. However, the mechanism through which empagliflozin regulates CD36 expression and attenuates FFA-induced lipotoxicity remains unclear. Herein, we aimed to elucidate the crosstalk between empagliflozin and CD36 in FFA-induced renal injury. C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and palmitic acid-treated HK-2 renal tubular cells were used for in vivo and in vitro assessments. Empagliflozin attenuated HFD-induced body weight gain, insulin resistance, and inflammation in mice. In HFD-fed mice, CD36 was upregulated in the tubular area of the kidney, whereas empagliflozin attenuated CD36 expression. Furthermore, empagliflozin downregulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ. Treatment with a PPARγ inhibitor (GW9662) did not further decrease PPARγ expression, whereas a PPARγ antagonist reversed this effect; this suggested that empagliflozin may, at least partly, decrease CD36 by modulating PPARγ. In conclusion, empagliflozin can ameliorate FFA-induced renal tubular injury via the PPARγ/CD36 pathway.
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Rezaieyazdi Z, AkbariRad M, Saadati N, Salari M, Orang R, Sedighi S, Esmaily H, Azarpazhooh MR, Firoozi A, Akbarpour E. Serum interleukin-18 and its relationship with subclinical atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. ARYA ATHEROSCLEROSIS 2021; 17:1-6. [PMID: 35685451 PMCID: PMC9145840 DOI: 10.22122/arya.v17i0.2126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a pro-inflammatory and pro-atherogenic factor, and its blood level has shown a direct correlation with atherosclerosis. We aimed to evaluate the serum IL-18 level in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its relationship with the intima-media thickness (IMT) of the carotid artery in these patients, as an indicator of atherosclerosis. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 60 patients as the patient group and 30 healthy volunteers as the control group [matched sex, age, and body mass index (BMI)] were selected, and their disease status and general data were gathered using the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) form. A blood sample was also obtained from all participants to determine the serum level of IL-18 and other metrics, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), anti-double stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (anti-dsDNA), complement 3 (C3), and C4. The IMT of the carotid artery was calculated in both groups. We also evaluated the clinical cardiovascular manifestations. RESULTS The serum IL-18 levels in patients were significantly higher than in the control group (P ˂ 0.005). It had no significant correlation with disease activity (P = 0.10). The patients with SLE with high IL-18 serum levels (> 280 pg/ml) had higher SLEDAI-2K (P = 0.02) than the patients with a low level (< 280), where 280 was the median of the IL-18 levels. The serum IL-18 level had no significant correlation with the carotid artery IMT. CONCLUSION A high level of IL-18 reflects the disease activity, but it was not significantly correlated with subclinical atherosclerosis, denoted by the carotid artery IMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Rezaieyazdi
- Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mina AkbariRad
- Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nayyereh Saadati
- Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Salari
- Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Orang
- Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sima Sedighi
- Golestan Rheumatology Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Habibollah Esmaily
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Abdollah Firoozi
- Pharmacist, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ensieh Akbarpour
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Tabrez S, Jabir NR, Zughaibi TA, Shakil S. Genotyping of interleukins-18 promoters and their correlation with coronary artery stenosis in Saudi population. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:6695-6702. [PMID: 34431037 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06658-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complex coronary atherosclerotic lesions often lead to coronary occlusion, clinically represented as a single-vessel disease (SVD) and multivessel disease (MVD). These occlusions could hinder the blood flow in coronary arteries that affects appropriate management of the CVD. The current study intended to genotype interleukin (IL)-18 promoter's hotspots (rs187238, rs1946518, and rs1946519) and their possible association with coronary artery stenosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS The IL-18 promoter genotyping was performed by the Sanger method along with the examination of biochemical parameters in 125 study subjects categorized into three groups, viz. controls, SVD and MVD. RESULTS The current study observed a significant association of diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia between the studied group's viz. healthy controls, SVD, and MVD. Fasting blood sugar and glycosylated hemoglobin (HBA1C) were also significantly enhanced from 4.82 vs. 8.01 and 4.33 vs. 8.27, in SVD, and MVD respectively. Despite the visible differences in the pattern of genotypic and allelic expressions, the current study did not show any statistically significant correlation with IL-18 promoter polymorphism at its hotspots with controls, SVD, and MVD subjects. The only exception of the above results was the distribution of allelic frequency at the rs1946519 hotspot, where a significant change (P < 0.05) was observed. CONCLUSION This study is of additional value to our previous reports, revealing the pattern of genotypes and allelic frequency of IL-18 promoters in a small cohort of Saudi ethnicity. Further investigations on larger sample size are recommended to envisage the presence of functional mutations in the IL-18 gene that could establish or rule out the possible association of IL-18 polymorphism with SVD and MVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shams Tabrez
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nasimudeen R Jabir
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Research and Development, PRIST University, Tamil Nadu, Vallam, Thanjavur, 613403, India
| | - Torki A Zughaibi
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shazi Shakil
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Arya P, Nabi S, Bhandari U. Modulatory role of atorvastatin against high-fat diet and zymosan-induced activation of TLR2/NF-ƙB signaling pathway in C57BL/6 mice. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:1023-1032. [PMID: 34804419 PMCID: PMC8591763 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.55460.12409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Accumulated evidence provides a strong connection between the immune system and vascular inflammation. The innate immune system's main sensors are toll-like receptors (TLRs). Zymosan (Zym), a fungal product, induces an inflammatory response via activating TLR2 of the immune system. Atorvastatin, a potent statin, possesses pleiotropic effects including immunomodulatory, lipid-lowering, and anti-inflammatory. Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the protective role of atorvastatin against a high-fat diet (HFD) and Zym-induced vascular inflammation in C57BL/6 mice via modulation of TLR2/NF-ƙB signaling pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS In silico study was conducted to confirm the binding affinity of atorvastatin against TLR2. Under in vivo study, mice were divided into four groups: Normal control: normal standard chow-diet fed for 30 days + Zym vehicle (sterile PBS, 5 mg/ml on 8th day); HFD (30 days) + Zym (80 mg/kg, IP, on 8th day); HFD/Zym + atorvastatin vehicle (0.5% CMC, p.o., from 10th to 30th day); HFD/Zym + atorvastatin (3.6 mg/kg, p.o., from 10th to 30th day). RESULTS Atorvastatin treatment along with HFD and Zym inhibited vascular inflammation by suppressing the levels of aortic TLR2, cardiac NF-ƙB and decrease in serum TNF-α and IL-6. Further, there was an increase in hepatic LDLR levels, resulting in a decrease in serum LDL-C and an increase in HDL-C levels. Histopathological examination of the aorta showed a reduction in plaque accumulation with the atorvastatin-treated group as compared with HFD and Zym-treated group. CONCLUSION Atorvastatin attenuates vascular inflammation mediated by HFD and Zym through suppression of TLR2, NF-ƙB, TNF-α, IL-6, and upregulation of LDLR levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Arya
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard (UGC approved deemed to be University, Govt. of India), New Delhi- 110062, India
| | - Sayima Nabi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard (UGC approved deemed to be University, Govt. of India), New Delhi- 110062, India
| | - Uma Bhandari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard (UGC approved deemed to be University, Govt. of India), New Delhi- 110062, India
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Bhat OM, Yuan X, Kukreja RC, Li PL. Regulatory role of mammalian target of rapamycin signaling in exosome secretion and osteogenic changes in smooth muscle cells lacking acid ceramidase gene. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21732. [PMID: 34143450 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100385r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Acid ceramidase (murine gene code: Asah1) (50 kDa) belongs to N-terminal nucleophile hydrolase family. This enzyme is located in the lysosome, which mediates conversion of ceramide (CER) into sphingosine and free fatty acids at acidic pH. CER plays an important role in intracellular sphingolipid metabolism and its increase causes inflammation. The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling on late endosomes (LEs)/lysosomes may control cargo selection, membrane biogenesis, and exosome secretion, which may be fine controlled by lysosomal sphingolipids such as CER. This lysosomal-CER-mTOR signaling may be a crucial molecular mechanism responsible for development of arterial medial calcification (AMC). Torin-1 (5 mg/kg/day), an mTOR inhibitor, significantly decreased aortic medial calcification accompanied with decreased expression of osteogenic markers like osteopontin (OSP) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and upregulation of smooth muscle 22α (SM22-α) in mice receiving high dose of Vitamin D (500 000 IU/kg/day). Asah1fl/fl /SMCre mice had markedly increased co-localization of mTORC1 with lysosome-associated membrane protein-1 (Lamp-1) (lysosome marker) and decreased co-localization of vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 (VPS16) (a multivesicular bodies [MVBs] marker) with Lamp-1, suggesting mTOR activation caused reduced MVBs interaction with lysosomes. Torin-1 significantly reduced the co-localization of mTOR vs Lamp-1, increased lysosome-MVB interaction which was associated with reduced accumulation of CD63 and annexin 2 (exosome markers) in the coronary arterial wall of mice. Using coronary artery smooth muscle cells (CASMCs), Pi -stimulation significantly increased p-mTOR expression in Asah1fl/fl /SMCre CASMCs as compared to WT/WT cells associated with increased calcium deposition and mineralization. Torin-1 blocked Pi -induced calcium deposition and mineralization. siRNA mTOR and Torin-1 significantly reduce co-localization of mTORC1 with Lamp-1, increased VPS16 vs Lamp-1 co-localization in Pi -stimulated CASMCs, associated with decreased exosome release. Functionally, Torin-1 significantly reduces arterial stiffening as shown by restoration from increased pulse wave velocity and decreased elastin breaks. These results suggest that lysosomal CER-mTOR signaling may play a critical role for the control of lysosome-MVB interaction, exosome secretion and arterial stiffening during AMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owais M Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Xinxu Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Rakesh C Kukreja
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Pin-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Bahrami A, Sathyapalan T, Sahebkar A. The Role of Interleukin-18 in the Development and Progression of Atherosclerosis. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1757-1774. [PMID: 32338205 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200427095830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS), as a chronic inflammatory disorder of the cardiovascular system, is one of the leading causes of ischemic heart disease, stroke and peripheral vascular disease. There is growing evidence on the role of innate and adaptive immunity in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Interleukin-18 is one of the novel proinflammatory cytokines involved in atherogenesis, atherosclerotic plaque instability and plaque rupture. In this review, we overview the findings of preclinical and clinical studies about the role and mechanism of action of IL-18 in the pathogenesis of AS, which could offer novel prognostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsane Bahrami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
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Curcumin suppresses oxidative stress via regulation of ROS/NF-κB signaling pathway to protect retinal vascular endothelial cell in diabetic retinopathy. Mol Cell Toxicol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-021-00144-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Rodrigues-Diez RR, Tejera-Muñoz A, Orejudo M, Marquez-Exposito L, Santos-Sanchez L, Rayego-Mateos S, Cantero-Navarro E, Tejedor-Santamaria L, Marchant V, Ortiz A, Egido J, Mezzano S, Selgas R, Navarro-González JF, Valdivielso JM, Lavoz C, Ruiz-Ortega M. Interleukin-17A: Potential mediator and therapeutic target in hypertension. Nefrologia 2021; 41:244-257. [PMID: 36166242 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefroe.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is a proinflammatory cytokine produced by cells of the immune system, predominantly Th17 and γδ lymphocytes. In this paper, we review the role of IL-17A in the pathogenesis of hypertension and in target organ damage. Preclinical studies in mice have shown that systemic adminstration of IL-17A increases blood pressure, probably by acting on multiple levels. Furthermore, IL-17A plasma concentrations are already elevated in patients with mild or moderate hypertension. Many studies in hypertensive mice models have detected IL-17A-producing cells in target organs such as the heart, vessels and kidneys. Patients with hypertensive nephrosclerosis show kidney infiltration by Th17 lymphocytes and γδ lymphocytes that express IL-17A. In addition, in experimental models of hypertension, the blockade of IL-17A by genetic strategies or using neutralizing antibodies, disminished blood pressure, probablyby acting on the small mesenteric arteries as well as in the regulation of tubule sodium transport. Moreover, IL-17A inhibition reduces end-organs damage. As a whole, the data presented in this review suggest that IL-17A participates in the regulation of blood pressure and in the genesis and maintenance of arterial hypertension, and may constitute a therapeutic target of hypertension-related pathologies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl R Rodrigues-Diez
- Laboratorio de Patología Renal y Vascular, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Tejera-Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Patología Renal y Vascular, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Macarena Orejudo
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Marquez-Exposito
- Laboratorio de Patología Renal y Vascular, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Santos-Sanchez
- Laboratorio de Patología Renal y Vascular, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Rayego-Mateos
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Elena Cantero-Navarro
- Laboratorio de Patología Renal y Vascular, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia Tejedor-Santamaria
- Laboratorio de Patología Renal y Vascular, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanessa Marchant
- Laboratorio de Patología Renal y Vascular, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Nephrology and Hypertension, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Egido
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Mezzano
- Laboratorio de Nefrología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rafael Selgas
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación La Paz (IdiPAZ), Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma, IRSIN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan F Navarro-González
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Investigación y Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Jose M Valdivielso
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Carolina Lavoz
- Laboratorio de Nefrología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Laboratorio de Patología Renal y Vascular, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Zhang S, Li Z, Zhang Y, Chen J, Li Y, Wu F, Wang W, Cui ZJ, Chen G. Ketone Body 3-Hydroxybutyrate Ameliorates Atherosclerosis via Receptor Gpr109a-Mediated Calcium Influx. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2003410. [PMID: 33977048 PMCID: PMC8097358 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that can cause acute cardiovascular events. Activation of the NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome enhances atherogenesis, which links lipid metabolism to sterile inflammation. This study examines the impact of an endogenous metabolite, namely ketone body 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-HB), on a mouse model of atherosclerosis. It is found that daily oral administration of 3-HB can significantly ameliorate atherosclerosis. Mechanistically, 3-HB is found to reduce the M1 macrophage proportion and promote cholesterol efflux by acting on macrophages through its receptor G-protein-coupled receptor 109a (Gpr109a). 3-HB-Gpr109a signaling promotes extracellular calcium (Ca2+) influx. The elevation of intracellular Ca2+ level reduces the release of Ca2+ from the endothelium reticulum (ER) to mitochondria, thus inhibits ER stress triggered by ER Ca2+ store depletion. As NLRP3 inflammasome can be activated by ER stress, 3-HB can inhibit the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, which triggers the increase of M1 macrophage proportion and the inhibition of cholesterol efflux. It is concluded that daily nutritional supplementation of 3-HB attenuates atherosclerosis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu‐jie Zhang
- School of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084P. R. China
| | - Zi‐hua Li
- School of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084P. R. China
| | - Yu‐dian Zhang
- School of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084P. R. China
| | - Jin Chen
- School of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084P. R. China
| | - Yuan Li
- Institute of Cell BiologyBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875P. R. China
| | - Fu‐qing Wu
- School of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy BreedingCollege of Animal Sciences and TechnologyZhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringGuangzhou510025P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis ResearchMinistry of EducationCollege of Veterinary MedicineJilin UniversityChangchun130062P. R. China
| | - Zong Jie Cui
- Institute of Cell BiologyBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875P. R. China
| | - Guo‐Qiang Chen
- School of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084P. R. China
- Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084P. R. China
- Center for Synthetic and Systems BiologyTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Industrial BiocatalysisDept Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084P. R. China
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Rodrigues-Diez RR, Tejera-Muñoz A, Orejudo M, Marquez-Exposito L, Santos L, Rayego-Mateos S, Cantero-Navarro E, Tejedor-Santamaria L, Marchant V, Ortiz A, Egido J, Mezzano S, Selgas R, Navarro-González JF, Valdivielso JM, Lavoz C, Ruiz-Ortega M. [Interleukin-17A: Possible mediator and therapeutic target in hypertension]. Nefrologia 2021; 41:244-257. [PMID: 33775443 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is a proinflammatory cytokine produced by cells of the immune system, predominantly Th17 lymphocytes and γδ lymphocytes. In this paper, we review the role of IL-17A in the pathogenesis of hypertension and target organ damage. Studies in mice have shown that IL-17A increases blood pressure, probably by acting on multiple levels. Furthermore, IL-17A plasma concentrations are already elevated in patients with mild or moderate hypertension. Preclinical studies on arterial hypertension have detected IL-17A-producing cells in target organs such as the heart, vessels and kidneys. Patients with hypertensive nephrosclerosis show kidney infiltration by Th17 lymphocytes and γδ lymphocytes that express IL-17A. In addition, in experimental models of hypertension, blocking IL-17A by genetic strategies, or using neutralising antibodies, lowers blood pressure by acting on the vascular wall and tubule sodium transport and reduces damage to target organs. As a whole, the data presented in this review suggest that IL-17A participates in the regulation of blood pressure and in the genesis and maintenance of arterial hypertension, and may constitute a therapeutic target in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl R Rodrigues-Diez
- Laboratorio de Patología Renal y Vascular, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, España; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
| | - Antonio Tejera-Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Patología Renal y Vascular, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, España; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
| | - Macarena Orejudo
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, España; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
| | - Laura Marquez-Exposito
- Laboratorio de Patología Renal y Vascular, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, España; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
| | - Laura Santos
- Laboratorio de Patología Renal y Vascular, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, España; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
| | - Sandra Rayego-Mateos
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España; Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, España
| | - Elena Cantero-Navarro
- Laboratorio de Patología Renal y Vascular, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, España; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
| | - Lucia Tejedor-Santamaria
- Laboratorio de Patología Renal y Vascular, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, España; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
| | - Vanessa Marchant
- Laboratorio de Patología Renal y Vascular, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, España; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España; Nephrology and Hypertension, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - Jesús Egido
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, España; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
| | - Sergio Mezzano
- Laboratorio de Nefrología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rafael Selgas
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España; Instituto de Investigación La Paz (IdiPAZ), Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma, IRSIN, Madrid, España
| | - Juan F Navarro-González
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España; Unidad de Investigación y Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España; Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, España
| | - Jose M Valdivielso
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España; Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, España
| | - Carolina Lavoz
- Laboratorio de Nefrología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Laboratorio de Patología Renal y Vascular, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, España; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España.
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Mitochondrial DAMPs and altered mitochondrial dynamics in OxLDL burden in atherosclerosis. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:1915-1928. [PMID: 33492610 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04061-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis results in life-threatening cardiovascular pathologies, including ischemic heart disease, stroke, myocardial infarction, and peripheral arterial disease. The role of increased serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and resultant accumulation of oxidized-LDL (oxLDL) in atheroma formation is well established. Recent findings elucidate the significance of mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns (mtDAMPs) in triggering sterile inflammation in concert with oxLDL. The mtDAMPs including mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), cytochrome C, cardiolipin, heat shock protein 60 (HSP60), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), and N-formyl peptides, are expected to possess proatherogenic roles. However, limited data are available in the literature. The mtDAMPs initiate sterile inflammation in atherosclerotic lesions via numerous signaling pathways, most of which converge to the NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Priming the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, mtDAMPs promote secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), implicated in atherosclerotic lesions through vascular smooth muscle and fibroblast proliferation, arterial wall thickening, and plaque formation. In this article we critically reviewed and discussed the central role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in mtDAMP-induced sterile inflammation in atherosclerosis with specific components including caspase-1, pregnane X receptor (PXR), adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK), protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), and downstream cytokines including IL-1β and IL-18 as potential mediators of atherosclerosis. Better understanding of the proinflammatory effects of mtDAMPs and its pathological association with oxLDL possess immense translational significance for novel therapeutic intervention.
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Zhao J, Wang Z, Yuan Z, Lv S, Su Q. Baicalin ameliorates atherosclerosis by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2020; 17:1479164120977441. [PMID: 33269624 PMCID: PMC7919226 DOI: 10.1177/1479164120977441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been implicated in the development of atherosclerosis and several studies have suggested that inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome could be a potential therapeutic approach to treat atherosclerosis. Baicalin is a flavone glycoside with anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative activities. The inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation by baicalin has also been described. Therefore, the effects of baicalin on NLRP3 inflammasome activation and atherosclerosis were evaluated in present study. METHODS We established the apolipoprotein E-deficient atherosclerosis mice model. After baicalin treatment, the IL-1, IL-18, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and the plaque area was monitored. We also measured the NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 expression in atherosclerosis mice after baicalin treatment. We silenced NLRP3 by administration of lentivirus expressing NLRP3 shRNA to atherosclerosis mice and monitored the IL-1, IL-18, and ROS production, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. RESULTS Baicalin remarkably inhibited the production of IL-1, IL-18, mitochondria ROS, total ROS, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1. Baicalin reduced the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and suppressed its activation. Baicalin significantly reduced the plaque area. Silencing NLRP3 resulted in decreased production of IL-1, IL-18, mitochondria ROS, total ROS, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1, and inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. CONCLUSION Baicalin ameliorated atherosclerosis by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfei Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Third People’s Hospital of Liaocheng City, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Zhengtang Wang
- Department of Surgery, Third People’s Hospital of Liaocheng City, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Zhilu Yuan
- Department of Surgery, Third People’s Hospital of Liaocheng City, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Shuzhen Lv
- Department of Orthopedic, Third People’s Hospital of Liaocheng City, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Qingbo Su
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Qingbo Su, Department of Vascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhua Xilu, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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Arya P, Bhandari U. Involvement of the toll-like receptors-2/nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway in atherosclerosis induced by high-fat diet and zymosan A in C57BL/6 mice. Indian J Pharmacol 2020; 52:203-209. [PMID: 32874003 PMCID: PMC7446673 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_567_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Accumulated evidence reported a link between the immune system, microbial infection, and the development of atherosclerosis. Excess intake of high-fat diet (HFD) increases blood lipid levels and induces inflammatory pathways whereas zymosan A (Zym), a microbial component, mediates inflammatory response through the stimulation of specific ligand of toll-like receptors (TLRs) of the immune system. The current research work was aimed to evaluate the mechanism behind atherosclerosis mediated by HFD and Zym in C57BL/6 mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The mice were orally fed with HFD for 30 days and Zym (80 mg/kg, single intraperitoneal injection on day 8th). On the 31st day, blood was withdrawn from overnight fasted mice by tail vein puncture and estimated for serum lipids and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Animals were sacrificed, and cardiac, liver, and aortic tissues were isolated for the estimation of cardiac TLR-2, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-ƙB); hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDLR); and base of aorta analyzed for histopathology. RESULTS: It was found that HFD and Zym administration increased arterial inflammation directly through modulation of the TLR-2/NF-ƙB pathway, thereby upregulate serum TNF-α, cardiac TLR-2, and NF-ƙB levels. Further, HFD and Zym treatment significantly increased serum lipid levels and marked decrease in LDLR protein expression in the liver when compared to normal control mice. Histopathological analysis showed the formation of atherosclerotic plaque. CONCLUSION: The study is first, to our current knowledge, to demonstrate the involvement of the TLR-2/NF-ƙB signaling pathway in atherosclerosis induced by HFD and Zym in C57BL/6 mice, resulting in increased degradation of LDLR protein, thereby, increasing the serum lipid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Arya
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed to be University), New Delhi, India
| | - Uma Bhandari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed to be University), New Delhi, India
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Sukhorukov VN, Khotina VA, Bagheri Ekta M, Ivanova EA, Sobenin IA, Orekhov AN. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Macrophages: The Vicious Circle of Lipid Accumulation and Pro-Inflammatory Response. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8070210. [PMID: 32668733 PMCID: PMC7400097 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8070210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is an important event in the pathogenesis of different human disorders, including atherosclerosis. ER stress leads to disturbance of cellular homeostasis, apoptosis, and in the case of macrophages, to foam cell formation and pro-inflammatory cytokines production. In atherosclerosis, several cell types can be affected by ER stress, including endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscular cells, and macrophages. Modified low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and cytokines, in turn, can provoke ER stress through different processes. The signaling cascades involved in ER stress initiation are complex and linked to other cellular processes, such as lysosomal biogenesis and functioning, autophagy, mitochondrial homeostasis, and energy production. In this review, we discuss the underlying mechanisms of ER stress formation and the interplay of lipid accumulation and pro-inflammatory response. We will specifically focus on macrophages, which are the key players in maintaining chronic inflammatory milieu in atherosclerotic lesions, and also a major source of lipid-accumulating foam cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily N. Sukhorukov
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, 3 Tsyurupy Str., 117418 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.K.); (M.B.E.); (I.A.S.); (A.N.O.)
- Correspondence: (V.N.S.); (E.A.I.)
| | - Victoria A. Khotina
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, 3 Tsyurupy Str., 117418 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.K.); (M.B.E.); (I.A.S.); (A.N.O.)
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiyskaya Str., 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mariam Bagheri Ekta
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, 3 Tsyurupy Str., 117418 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.K.); (M.B.E.); (I.A.S.); (A.N.O.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Ivanova
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, 121609 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (V.N.S.); (E.A.I.)
| | - Igor A. Sobenin
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, 3 Tsyurupy Str., 117418 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.K.); (M.B.E.); (I.A.S.); (A.N.O.)
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, 15-a 3-rd Cherepkovskaya Str., 121552 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, 3 Tsyurupy Str., 117418 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.K.); (M.B.E.); (I.A.S.); (A.N.O.)
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiyskaya Str., 125315 Moscow, Russia
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Mehta S, Srivastava N, Bhatia A, Dhawan V. Exposure of cigarette smoke condensate activates NLRP3 inflammasome in vitro and in vivo: A connotation of innate immunity and atherosclerosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 84:106561. [PMID: 32402952 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Smoking is known to have detrimental effects on cardiovascular system. However, the potential molecular basis of smoking-induced atherosclerosis remains unclear. NLRP3 inflammasome is implicated in perpetuation of inflammatory response in atherosclerosis. Therefore, we aimed to explore the cytotoxic effects of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) on the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in vitro and in vivo. METHODS For in vitro study, the pro-atherogenic effects of CSC were evaluated in THP-1 monocytes with different dose concentrations (0.1, 1, 5, 10 and 20 µg/ml) for varied time periods (6, 12, 24 and 48 h). For in vivo study, 30 male C57BL/6J mice were employed. 6 mice were sacrificed for baseline investigations. 24 mice were randomly divided into four groups: Group-I:Control mice, Group-II:CSC model, Group-III:High-fat diet(HFD) model, and Group-IV:HFD + CSC model for 14 weeks (n = 6/group). The group-II and IV mice were injected with 720 µg CSC/20 g body weight intraperitoneally (6 days/week). RESULTS In vitro, higher dosage of CSC (20 µg/ml) was toxic to cells as significant decline in cell viability and proliferation was observed. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and its pro-cytokine levels were significantly augmented on CSC exposure in a dose-dependent manner but impeded in time-dependent manner. In vivo, CSC and HFD independently augmented the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome (~4-10 fold-change) along with pro-cytokine levels in Group-II and III vs Group-I mice whereas, HFD + CSC treatment demonstrated synergistic effects in Group-IV. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that CSC activates NLRP3 inflammasome in vitro and in vivo and collectively with HFD has synergistic effects in vivo that may promote atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Mehta
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Niharika Srivastava
- Department of Dermatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Alka Bhatia
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Veena Dhawan
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.
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Yuan X, Bhat OM, Lohner H, Zhang Y, Li PL. Downregulation of Lysosomal Acid Ceramidase Mediates HMGB1-Induced Migration and Proliferation of Mouse Coronary Arterial Myocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:111. [PMID: 32211403 PMCID: PMC7076051 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) has been reported to trigger lysosome destabilization causing a wide of inflammatory diseases. The present study tested whether a lysosomal enzyme, acid ceramidase (AC), plays a critical role in HMGB1-induced alteration in ceramide metabolism and whether such HMGB1-AC interaction is associated with abnormal migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). We first observed that the expression of AC in the medial layer of mouse coronary arterial wall and colocalization of AC with a lysosome marker Lamp-1. In primary cultured coronary arterial myocytes (CAMs), AC expression and colocalization with Lamp-1 were significantly up-regulated by AC inducer, genistein, but down-regulated by AC inhibitor, N-oleoylethanolamine (NOE). HMGB1 dose-dependently decreased the colocalization of AC with Lamp-1 and reduced mRNA and protein expressions of AC in CAMs, but reversed by genistein. Consistently, HMGB1 significantly induced increases in the levels of long-chain ceramides in CAMs, which were not further enhanced by NOE but blocked by genistein. More importantly, HMGB1 promoted migration and proliferation of CAMs, which were not further increased by NOE but reduced by genistein. Lastly, CAMs isolated from smooth muscle-specific AC knockout mice (AC gene Asah1) exhibited increased ceramide levels and enhanced the migration and proliferation, which resembles the effects of HMGB1 on wild-type CAMs. Together, these results suggest that HMGB1 promotes SMC migration and proliferation via inhibition of AC expression and ceramide accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxu Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Owais M Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Hannah Lohner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Pin-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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Arterial Medial Calcification through Enhanced small Extracellular Vesicle Release in Smooth Muscle-Specific Asah1 Gene Knockout Mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1645. [PMID: 32015399 PMCID: PMC6997457 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58568-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial medial calcification (AMC) involves an increased small extracellular vesicle (sEV) secretion and apatite calcium precipitation in the arterial wall. The mechanisms mediating AMC remain poorly understood. In the present study, smooth muscle-specific acid ceramidase (Ac) gene knockout mice (Asah1fl/fl/SMCre) were used to demonstrate the role of lysosomal ceramide signaling pathway in AMC. Asah1fl/fl/SMCre mice were found to have more severe AMC in both aorta and coronary arteries compared to their littermates (Asah1fl/fl/SMwt and WT/WT mice) after receiving a high dose vitamin D. These mice also had pronounced upregulation of osteopontin and RUNX2 (osteogenic markers), CD63, AnX2 (sEV markers) and ALP expression (mineralization marker) in the arterial media. In cultured coronary arterial smooth muscle cells (CASMCs) from Asah1fl/fl/SMCre mice, high dose of Pi led to a significantly increased calcium deposition, phenotypic change and sEV secretion compared to WT CASMCs, which was associated with reduced lysosome-multivesicular body (MVB) interaction. Also, GW4869, sEV release inhibitor decreased sEV secretion and calcification in these cells. Lysosomal transient receptor potential mucolipin 1 (TRPML1) channels regulating lysosome interaction with MVBs were found remarkably inhibited in Asah1fl/fl/SMCre CASMCs as shown by GCaMP3 Ca2+ imaging and Port-a-Patch patch clamping of lysosomes. Lysosomal Ac in SMCs controls sEV release by regulating lysosomal TRPML1 channel activity and lysosome-MVB interaction, which importantly contributes to phenotypic transition and AMC.
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Bhat OM, Yuan X, Cain C, Salloum FN, Li P. Medial calcification in the arterial wall of smooth muscle cell-specific Smpd1 transgenic mice: A ceramide-mediated vasculopathy. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:539-553. [PMID: 31743567 PMCID: PMC6933411 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial medial calcification (AMC) is associated with crystallization of hydroxyapatite in the extracellular matrix and arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) leading to reduced arterial compliance. The study was performed to test whether lysosomal acid sphingomyelinase (murine gene code: Smpd1)-derived ceramide contributes to the small extracellular vesicle (sEV) secretion from SMCs and consequently leads to AMC. In Smpd1trg /SMcre mice with SMC-specific overexpression of Smpd1 gene, a high dose of Vit D (500 000 IU/kg/d) resulted in increased aortic and coronary AMC, associated with augmented expression of RUNX2 and osteopontin in the coronary and aortic media compared with their littermates (Smpd1trg /SMwt and WT/WT mice), indicating phenotypic switch. However, amitriptyline, an acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) inhibitor, reduced calcification and reversed phenotypic switch. Smpd1trg /SMcre mice showed increased CD63, AnX2 and ALP levels in the arterial wall, accompanied by reduced co-localization of lysosome marker (Lamp-1) with multivesicular body (MVB) marker (VPS16), a parameter for lysosome-MVB interaction. All these changes related to lysosome fusion and sEV release were substantially attenuated by amitriptyline. Increased arterial stiffness and elastin disorganization were found in Smpd1trg /SMcre mice as compared to their littermates. In cultured coronary arterial SMCs (CASMCs) from Smpd1trg /SMcre mice, increased Pi concentrations led to markedly increased calcium deposition, phenotypic change and sEV secretion compared with WT CASMCs, accompanied by reduced lysosome-MVB interaction. However, amitriptyline prevented these changes in Pi -treated CASMCs. These data indicate that lysosomal ceramide plays a critical role in phenotype change and sEV release in SMCs, which may contribute to the arterial stiffness during the development of AMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owais M. Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologySchool of MedicineVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginia
| | - Xinxu Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologySchool of MedicineVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginia
| | - Chad Cain
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of Internal MedicineVCU Pauley Heart CenterVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginia
| | - Fadi N. Salloum
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of Internal MedicineVCU Pauley Heart CenterVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginia
| | - Pin‐Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologySchool of MedicineVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginia
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Li C, Cai C, Zheng X, Sun J, Ye L. Orientin suppresses oxidized low-density lipoproteins induced inflammation and oxidative stress of macrophages in atherosclerosis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 84:774-779. [PMID: 31829093 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1702871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a main reason for peripheral vascular disease. The present study aims to investigate the effects of macrophage foam cells which is an initial part in atherosclerosis. RAW 264.7 were treated with 80 μg/mL oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL) to mimic atherosclerosis in vitro. Orientin, a flavonoid from plants, inhibited ox-LDL induced TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β expression increase. In addition, Orientin also can inhibit the emergence of ox-LDL-induced lipid droplets. The scavenger receptor CD 36 of ox-LDL was significantly downregulated after the treatment of orientin. Inhibition of ROS generation and increasing of eNOS expression by Orientin treatment was used to show the alteration of oxidative stress. Moreover, the expression levels of Angiopoietin-like 2 (angptl2) and NF-κB were significantly upregulated after cells induced by ox-LDL, whereas orientin significantly reversed the effects of ox-LDL. Orientin inhibited ox-LDL-induced inflammation and oxidative stress, and CD36 may be the key regulator during Orientin action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmeng Li
- Department of Vascular surgery, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chanchun Cai
- Department of interventional medicine, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiangjian Zheng
- Department of Vascular surgery, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Cerebrovascular center of Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liou Ye
- Department of interventional medicine, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
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33
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Wang C, Wang H, Zhao Z, Xiao S, Zhao Y, Duan C, Gao L, Li S, Wang J. Pediococcus acidilactici AS185 attenuates early atherosclerosis development through inhibition of lipid regulation and inflammation in rats. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Deletion of interleukin-18 attenuates abdominal aortic aneurysm formation. Atherosclerosis 2019; 289:14-20. [PMID: 31445353 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common disease; however, its exact pathogenesis remains unknown, and no specific medical therapies are available. Interleukin (IL)-18 plays a crucial role in atherosclerotic plaque destabilization and is a strong predictor of cardiovascular death. Here, we investigated the role of IL-18 in AAA pathogenesis using an experimental mouse model. METHODS AND RESULTS After infusion of angiotensin II (Ang II) for 4 weeks and β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) for 2 weeks, 58% of C57/6J wild-type (WT) mice developed AAA associated with enhanced expression of IL-18; however, disease incidence was significantly lower in IL-18-/- mice than in WT mice (p < 0.01), although no significant difference was found in systolic blood pressure between WT mice and IL-18-/- mice in this model. Additionally, IL-18 deletion significantly attenuated Ang II/BAPN-induced macrophage infiltration, macrophage polarization into inflammatory M1 phenotype, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activation in abdominal aortas, which is associated with reduced expression of osteopontin (OPN). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that IL-18 plays an important role in the development of AAA by enhancing OPN expression, macrophage recruitment, and MMP activation. Moreover, IL-18 represents a previously unrecognized therapeutic target for the prevention of AAA formation.
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35
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Bartlett B, Ludewick HP, Misra A, Lee S, Dwivedi G. Macrophages and T cells in atherosclerosis: a translational perspective. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H375-H386. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00206.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is now considered a chronic maladaptive inflammatory disease. The hallmark feature in both human and murine disease is atherosclerotic plaques. Macrophages and various T-cell lineages play a crucial role in atherosclerotic plaque establishment and disease progression. Humans and mice share many of the same processes that occur within atherogenesis. The various similarities enable considerable insight into disease mechanisms and those which contribute to cardiovascular complications. The apolipoprotein E-null and low-density lipoprotein receptor-null mice have served as the foundation for further immunological pathway manipulation to identify pro- and antiatherogenic pathways in attempt to reveal more novel therapeutic targets. In this review, we provide a translational perspective and discuss the roles of macrophages and various T-cell lineages in contrasting proatherosclerotic and atheroprotective settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Bartlett
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Herbert P. Ludewick
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ashish Misra
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Silvia Lee
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Pathwest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Girish Dwivedi
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
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36
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Kuehn C, Tauchi M, Furtmair R, Urschel K, Raaz-Schrauder D, Neumann AL, Frohberger SJ, Hoerauf A, Regus S, Lang W, Sagban TA, Stumpfe FM, Achenbach S, Hübner MP, Dietel B. Filarial extract of Litomosoides sigmodontis induces a type 2 immune response and attenuates plaque development in hyperlipidemic ApoE-knockout mice. FASEB J 2019; 33:6497-6513. [PMID: 30807258 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800947rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A type 1 immune response is involved in atherosclerosis progression, whereas the role of a type 2 polarization, especially with regard to an enhanced T helper (Th)2 cell differentiation, is still unclear. Helminths trigger type 2 immune responses, protecting the host from inflammatory disorders. We investigated whether an increased type 2 polarization by administration of Litomosoides sigmodontis adult worm extract (LsAg) affects atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice. Injections of 50 µg LsAg, i.p. into ApoE-/- mice induced a type 2 immune response shown by increased frequencies of peritoneal eosinophils and alternatively activated macrophages. To analyze the effect of LsAg on atherosclerosis initiation, ApoE-/- mice received a high-fat diet for 12 wk and weekly injections of 50 µg LsAg from wk 5 to 12. Therapeutic effects on advanced atherosclerosis were analyzed in mice that were fed a high-fat diet for 12 wk followed by 12 wk of normal chow and weekly LsAg injections. Both preventive and therapeutic LsAg application significantly decreased plaque size. Therapeutic treatment even caused regression of plaque size and macrophage density in the aortic root and reduced Th1-specific gene expression and intraplaque inflammation. In addition, plaque size after therapeutic treatment was inversely correlated with plaque-infiltrated alternatively activated macrophages. In vitro, LsAg treatment of HUVECs reduced intracellular levels of phosphorylated NF-κB-p65, IκB-α, and JNK1/2. In bifurcation flow-through slides, THP-1 cell adhesion to a HUVEC monolayer was decreased by LsAg in regions of nonuniform shear stress. Applying inhibitors of the respective kinases suggests JNK1/2 inhibition is involved in the suppressed cell adhesion. A switch to an enhanced type 2 immune response by LsAg exerts antiatherogenic effects on murine plaque development, indicating a protective role of a hampered type 1 polarization. In vitro, LsAg affects endothelial signaling pathways, among which JNK1/2 inhibition seems to be involved in the suppression of monocytic cell adhesion under proatherogenic shear stress.-Constanze, K., Tauchi, M., Furtmair, R., Urschel, K., Raaz-Schrauder, D., Neumann, A.-L., Frohberger, S. J., Hoerauf, A., Regus, S., Lang, W., Sagban, T. A., Stumpfe, F. M., Achenbach, S., Hübner, M. P., Dietel, B. Filarial extract of Litomosoides sigmodontis induces a type 2 immune response and attenuates plaque development in hyperlipidemic ApoE-knockout mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Kuehn
- Department of Medicine 2-Cardiology and Angiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Miyuki Tauchi
- Department of Medicine 2-Cardiology and Angiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roman Furtmair
- Department of Medicine 2-Cardiology and Angiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katharina Urschel
- Department of Medicine 2-Cardiology and Angiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dorette Raaz-Schrauder
- Department of Medicine 2-Cardiology and Angiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Neumann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan J Frohberger
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Achim Hoerauf
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany
| | - Susanne Regus
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Werner Lang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tolga Atilla Sagban
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Sana-Klinikum Hameln-Pyrmont, Hameln, Germany
| | | | - Stephan Achenbach
- Department of Medicine 2-Cardiology and Angiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marc P Hübner
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Barbara Dietel
- Department of Medicine 2-Cardiology and Angiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
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37
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Wang B, Lin H, Mao Z. IL-18 might be a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of aortic valve calcification. Int J Cardiol 2019; 277:223. [PMID: 30661546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.08.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Huiqing Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhangfan Mao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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38
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Yuan X, Bhat OM, Lohner H, Li N, Zhang Y, Li PL. Inhibitory effects of growth differentiation factor 11 on autophagy deficiency-induced dedifferentiation of arterial smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H345-H356. [PMID: 30462553 PMCID: PMC6397385 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00342.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor (GDF)11 has been reported to reverse age-related cardiac hypertrophy in mice and cause youthful regeneration of cardiomyocytes. The present study attempted to test a hypothesis that GDF11 counteracts the pathologic dedifferentiation of mouse carotid arterial smooth muscle cells (CASMCs) due to deficient autophagy. By real-time RT-PCR and Western blot analysis, exogenously administrated GDF11 was found to promote CASMC differentiation with increased expression of various differentiation markers (α-smooth muscle actin, myogenin, myogenic differentiation, and myosin heavy chain) as well as decreased expression of dedifferentiation markers (vimentin and proliferating cell nuclear antigen). Upregulation of the GDF11 gene by trichostatin A (TSA) or CRISPR-cas9 activating plasmids also stimulated the differentiation of CASMCs. Either GDF11 or TSA treatment blocked 7-ketocholesterol-induced CASMC dedifferentiation and autophagosome accumulation as well as lysosome inhibitor bafilomycin-induced dedifferentiation and autophagosome accumulation. Moreover, in CASMCs from mice lacking the CD38 gene, an autophagy deficiency model in CASMCs, GDF11 also inhibited its phenotypic transition to dedifferentiation status. Correspondingly, TSA treatment was shown to decrease GDF11 expression and reverse CASMC dedifferentiation in the partial ligated carotid artery of mice. The inhibitory effects of TSA on dedifferentiation of CASMCs were accompanied by reduced autophagosome accumulation in the arterial wall, which was accompanied by attenuated neointima formation in partial ligated carotid arteries. We concluded that GDF11 promotes CASMC differentiation and prevents the phenotypic transition of these cells induced by autophagosome accumulation during different pathological stimulations, such as Western diet, lysosome function deficiency, and inflammation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study demonstrates that growth differentiation factor (GDF)11 promotes autophagy and subsequent differentiation in carotid arterial smooth muscle cells. Upregulation of GDF11 counteracts dedifferentiation under different pathological conditions. These findings provide novel insights into the regulatory role of GDF11 in the counteracting of sclerotic arterial diseases and also suggest that activation or induction of GDF11 may be a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment or prevention of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxu Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia
| | - Owais M Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia
| | - Hannah Lohner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia
| | - Ningjun Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston , Houston, Texas
| | - Pin-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia
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39
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Gao JH, Zeng MY, Yu XH, Zeng GF, He LH, Zheng XL, Zhang DW, Ouyang XP, Tang CK. Visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor accelerates cholesterol efflux by up-regulating ABCA1 expression via the NF-κB/miR-33a pathway in THP-1 macropahge-derived foam cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 500:318-324. [PMID: 29653102 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a dyslipidemia disease characterized by foam cell formation driven by the accumulation of lipids. Visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor (vaspin) is known to suppress the development of atherosclerosis via its anti-inflammatory properties, but it is not yet known whether vaspin affects cholesterol efflux in THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells. Here, we investigated the effects of vaspin on ABCA1 expression and cholesterol efflux, and further explored the underlying mechanism. We found that vaspin decreased miR-33a levels, which in turn increased ABCA1 expression and cholesteorl efflux. We also found that inhibition of NF-κB reduced miR-33a expression and vaspin suppressed LPS-mediated NF-κB phosphorylation. Our findings suggest that vaspin is not only a regular of inflammasion but also a promoter of cholesterol efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Gao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Meng-Ya Zeng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chenzhou NO.1 People's Hospital, Chenzhou, Hunan 423000, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Yu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Gao-Feng Zeng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Lin-Hao He
- School of Pharmacy and life Science College, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xi-Long Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Sciences Center, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Da-Wei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics and Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Xin-Ping Ouyang
- Department of Physiology, The Neuroscience Institute, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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40
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Wu YS, Zhu B, Luo AL, Yang L, Yang C. The Role of Cardiokines in Heart Diseases: Beneficial or Detrimental? BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:8207058. [PMID: 29744364 PMCID: PMC5878913 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8207058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, imposing a major disease burden worldwide. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify new therapeutic targets. Recently, the concept that the heart acts as a secretory organ has attracted increasing attention. Proteins secreted by the heart are called cardiokines, and they play a critical physiological role in maintaining heart homeostasis or responding to myocardial damage and thereby influence the development of heart diseases. Given the critical role of cardiokines in heart disease, they might represent a promising therapeutic target. This review will focus on several cardiokines and discuss their roles in the pathogenesis of heart diseases and as potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Shun Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Ai-Lin Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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41
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Sharma A, Tate M, Mathew G, Vince JE, Ritchie RH, de Haan JB. Oxidative Stress and NLRP3-Inflammasome Activity as Significant Drivers of Diabetic Cardiovascular Complications: Therapeutic Implications. Front Physiol 2018. [PMID: 29515457 PMCID: PMC5826188 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now increasingly appreciated that inflammation is not limited to the control of pathogens by the host, but rather that sterile inflammation which occurs in the absence of viral or bacterial pathogens, accompanies numerous disease states, none more so than the complications that arise as a result of hyperglycaemia. Individuals with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T1D, T2D) are at increased risk of developing cardiac and vascular complications. Glucose and blood pressure lowering therapies have not stopped the advance of these morbidities that often lead to fatal heart attacks and/or stroke. A unifying mechanism of hyperglycemia-induced cellular damage was initially proposed to link elevated blood glucose levels with oxidative stress and the dysregulation of metabolic pathways. Pre-clinical evidence has, in most cases, supported this notion. However, therapeutic strategies to lessen oxidative stress in clinical trials has not proved efficacious, most likely due to indiscriminate targeting by antioxidants such as vitamins. Recent evidence now suggests that oxidative stress is a major driver of inflammation and vice versa, with the latest findings suggesting not only a key role for inflammatory pathways underpinning metabolic and haemodynamic dysfunction in diabetes, but furthermore that these perturbations are driven by activation of the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. This review will address these latest findings with an aim of highlighting the interconnectivity between oxidative stress, NLRP3 activation and inflammation as it pertains to cardiac and vascular injury sustained by diabetes. Current therapeutic strategies to lessen both oxidative stress and inflammation will be emphasized. This will be placed in the context of improving the burden of these diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpeeta Sharma
- Oxidative Stress Laboratory, Basic Science Domain, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mitchel Tate
- Heart Failure Pharmacology Laboratory, Basic Science Domain, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Geetha Mathew
- Cellular Therapies Laboratory, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - James E Vince
- Inflammation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Heart Failure Pharmacology Laboratory, Basic Science Domain, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Judy B de Haan
- Oxidative Stress Laboratory, Basic Science Domain, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Zhang Y, Liu Z, Zhou M, Liu C. Therapeutic effects of fibroblast growth factor‑21 against atherosclerosis via the NF‑κB pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:1453-1460. [PMID: 29257234 PMCID: PMC5780083 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor‑21 (FGF‑21) is a pleiotropic protein predominantly secreted in the liver, adipose tissue and pancreas. It has been reported that the metabolic hormone effects of FGF‑21 on energy metabolism are essential for human vascular endothelial cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate the therapeutic effects and the underlying primary mechanism of FGF‑21 on atherosclerosis in a rat model induced by vitamin D3 and a high fat diet. The rats with atherosclerosis were randomly divided into vehicle (PBS; negative control), FGF‑21 (6 mg/kg/d) and atorvastatin (6 mg/kg/d; positive control) groups (n=40 in each group). The rats with atherosclerosis received continuous drug or PBS administration via intravenous injection for a treatment period of 30 days, following which all animals were sacrificed. The expression levels of FGF‑21 were determined prior to and following treatment with the drug or PBS. Alterations in ultrastructure and histopathology in vascular endothelial cells were examined, and the expression of nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF‑κB) and levels of blood lipids in the thoracic aorta tissues were also determined. The results showed that typical atheromatous plaques formed, and the mRNA and protein expression levels of FGF‑21 were lower in the vascular endothelial cells of the rats with atherosclerosis, compared with the normal rats. FGF‑21 significantly reduced blood lipids and glucose in the rats with atherosclerosis, compared with those in the PBS and atorvastatin groups (P<0.01). The expression levels of Rho kinase and NF‑κB were significantly lower in the FGF‑21 group, compared with the normal control group (P<0.01). Statistically significant differences were found in atheromatous plaques and inflammatory factors in the FGF‑21 group, compared with the PBS and atorvastatin groups (P<0.01). In conclusion, FGF‑21 significantly downregulated the levels of blood lipids, Rho kinase and NF‑κB, which contributed to atherosclerosis therapy in the model rats and indicated the potential mechanisms against atherosclerosis in the model rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Changjian Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
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Esfahani M, Saidijam M, Goodarzi MT, Movahedian A, Najafi R. Salusin-α attenuates inflammatory responses in vascular endothelial cells. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 82:1314-1323. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297917110098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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44
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Xiao M, Bolduc DL, Li X, Cui W, Hieber KP, Bünger R, Ossetrova NI. Urine Interleukin-18 (IL-18) as a Biomarker of Total-Body Irradiation: A Preliminary Study in Nonhuman Primates. Radiat Res 2017. [PMID: 28650775 DOI: 10.1667/rr14768.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We have reported that circulating IL-18 can be used as a radiation biomarker in mice, minipigs and nonhuman primates (NHPs, Macaca mulatta). Here, we report the levels of IL-18 in individual NHP's urine before and at 6 h-7 days after 5.0, 6.5 and 8.5 Gy 60Co total-body irradiation (TBI) using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Six animals (3.5-5.5 kg, 3-4 years old) per radiation dose were investigated. Correlation values between urine IL-18 and blood cell counts and serum chemistry parameters including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lipase, and serum total protein (TP), as well as between urine IL-18 and 60-day survival, were analyzed. Our data, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time, demonstrate that concentrations of urine IL-18 from irradiated NHPs were increased in a radiation dose-dependent manner compared to pre-TBI levels in samples from these animal (N = 18, 11.02 ± 1.3 pg/ml). A 5.0 Gy low dose of radiation (∼LD10/60) did not increase urine IL-18 levels. In contrast, high-dose TBI significantly increased urine IL-18 at day 1 to day 5 in a bell-shaped time course, reaching a peak of 5- to 10-fold of control levels on day 3 after 6.5 Gy (∼LD50/60) and 8.5 Gy (∼LD90/60), respectively. Statistical analysis using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) and MultiROC analysis indicated that white blood cell and platelet counts, serum LDH, lipase and TP, when combined with urine IL-18, provide discriminatory predictors of total-body radiation injury with a very high ROC area of 0.98. Urine IL-18 measurement, as an early prognostic indicator of survival, may facilitate rapid detection of lethal doses of radiation, based on the currently available data set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mang Xiao
- a Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David L Bolduc
- a Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - XiangHong Li
- a Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Wanchang Cui
- a Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kevin P Hieber
- a Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Natalia I Ossetrova
- a Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
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45
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Terminalia arjuna prevents Interleukin-18-induced atherosclerosis via modulation of NF-κB/PPAR-γ-mediated pathway in Apo E-/- mice. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 26:583-598. [PMID: 28547701 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0357-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Terminalia arjuna is a medicinal plant well known as a cardiotonic in Ayurvedic system of medicine. We hypothesized that aqueous stem bark extract of T. arjuna (TAE) may inhibit IL-18-induced atherosclerosis via NF-κB/PPAR-γ-mediated pathway in Apo E-/- mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS 12-week-old, male Apo E-/- mice divided into four groups (n = 6/group) fed with normal chow-diet were employed: GP I: phosphate buffer saline (PBS) (2 month); GP II: rIL-18 (1 month) followed by PBS (1 month); GP III: rIL-18 (1 month) followed by TAE (1 month); GP IV: rIL-18 (1 month) followed by atorvastatin (1 month). RESULTS IL-18 treatment induced a significant increase (p < 0.001) in pro-inflammatory marker (IL-18) (170 ± 9.16 vs. 1178.66 ± 8.08, pg/ml), and downregulated cholesterol efflux gene (PPAR-γ) by ~0.6-fold vs. 1.00 in IL-18-treated mice as compared to the control animals, respectively. TAE treatment to both groups caused a significant reduction in IL-18 to 281.66 ± 9.60 vs. 1178.66 ± 8.08 (pg/ml), upregulated cholesterol efflux gene by ~1.5- vs. 0.6-fold in TAE-treated group, decreased atherogenic lipids, and percentage atherosclerotic lesion area, demonstrating comparable effects with atorvastatin. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that TAE protects against IL-18-induced atherosclerosis via NF-κB/PPAR-γ-mediated pathway.
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Bhat OM, Uday Kumar P, Harishankar N, Ravichandaran L, Bhatia A, Dhawan V. Interleukin-18-induced cell adhesion molecule expression is associated with feedback regulation by PPAR-γ and NF-κB in Apo E-/- mice. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 428:119-128. [PMID: 28176248 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2922-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Focal recruitment of monocytes and lymphocytes is one of the earliest detectable cellular responses in atherosclerotic lesion formation. Endothelium may regulate leukocyte recruitment by expressing specific adhesion molecules. Interleukin-18 is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in vascular pathologies. The present study highlights the modulation of adhesion molecules and PPAR-γ by IL-18 and proposes a novel feedback mechanism by which PPAR-γ may regulate IL-18 expression. Three groups of normal chow diet-fed, male Apo E-/- mice, aged 12 weeks (n = 6/group) were employed: Gp I, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (2 mo): Gp II, recombinant IL-18 (rIL-18) (1 mo) followed by PBS (1 mo); Gp III, rIL-18 (1 mo) followed by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) (1 mo). Significantly augmented mRNA expression of ICAM-1 (~5.7-fold), VCAM-1 (~3.6-fold), and NF-κB (~7-fold) was observed in Gp II mice as compared to Gp I, whereas PPAR-γ expression was not altered. PDTC treatment caused a significant downregulation of ICAM-1 (~4.2-fold), VCAM-1(~2-fold), and NF-κB (~4.5-fold) and upregulation of PPAR-γ expression (~5-fold) in Gp III mice. A similar trend was observed in protein expression. In vivo imaging results demonstrated a marked increase in probe (CF750 dye conjugated to VCAM-1 antibody) fluorescence intensity for VCAM-1 expression in Gp II mice, whereas it was moderately decreased in Gp III. PPAR-γ was found to significantly downregulate both IL-18 levels and IL-18-induced adhesion molecules. The underlying mechanism was found to be via inhibition of NF-κB activity by PDTC, thereby leading to decreased adherence of monocytes to the activated endothelial cells and a step to halt the progression and development of atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owais Mohammad Bhat
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Research Block-B, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Common Wealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - P Uday Kumar
- Department of Histopathology, National Centre for Laboratory Animal Sciences (NCLAS), National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hyderabad, India
| | - N Harishankar
- Department of Histopathology, National Centre for Laboratory Animal Sciences (NCLAS), National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hyderabad, India
| | - L Ravichandaran
- Department of Histopathology, National Centre for Laboratory Animal Sciences (NCLAS), National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hyderabad, India
| | - A Bhatia
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Research Block-B, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Veena Dhawan
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Research Block-B, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India.
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Rather RA, Malik VS, Trikha D, Bhat O, Dhawan V. Aqueous Terminalia arjuna extract modulates expression of key atherosclerosis-related proteins in a hypercholesterolemic rabbit: A proteomic-based study. Proteomics Clin Appl 2016; 10:750-759. [PMID: 26934842 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201500114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study evaluates the effect of an aqueous extract of Terminalia arjuna (aqTAE) on protein expression in aortic plaques of hypercholesterolemic rabbits using a proteomic approach. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Thirty male New Zealand rabbits (n = 6) were employed as Gp1 (stock diet); Gp2 (high-fat diet [HFD]); Gp3 (stock diet + aqTAE); Gp4 (HFD + aqTAE); and Gp5 (HFD + atorvastatin) and followed for 6 months. Protein lysates of aortic tissues were separated by 2DE and proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF/MS. RESULTS Serum lipids were found to be significantly increased by an HFD and reduced by aqTAE both at 3 and 6 months (Gp4 vs. Gp2; p < 0.05). Total 79 spots were differentially expressed, among which 60 individual proteins were identified, 31 grouped as atherosclerosis-related proteins and 29 classified as others. aqTAE significantly attenuated the protein expression of tumor necrosis factor α, cyclooxygenase-2, MMP-9, HSP60, ICAM-5, Endothelin-3, Vimentin, Protein S100-A9 besides others. Many of the observed proteins are known to be consistently associated with endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, plaque rupture, and immune imbalance. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Strong hypolipidemic effects of aqTAE and attenuation of these signature atherogenic biomarkers using proteomics highlights the fact that aqTAE may be useful in the prevention and management of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyaz Ahmad Rather
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vivek Singh Malik
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Dimple Trikha
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Owais Bhat
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Veena Dhawan
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
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Cytokines: roles in atherosclerosis disease progression and potential therapeutic targets. Future Med Chem 2016; 8:1317-30. [PMID: 27357616 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2016-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the primary cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD), is a chronic inflammatory disorder in the walls of medium and large arteries. CVD is currently responsible for about one in three global deaths and this is expected to rise in the future due to an increase in the prevalence of obesity and diabetes. Current therapies for atherosclerosis mainly modulate lipid homeostasis and while successful at reducing the risk of a CVD-related death, they are associated with considerable residual risk and various side effects. There is, therefore, a need for alternative therapies aimed at regulating inflammation in order to reduce atherogenesis. This review will highlight the key role cytokines play during disease progression as well as potential therapeutic strategies to target them.
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Zhang MJ, Zhou Y, Wang X, Chen X, Pi Y, Guo L, Gao CY, Li JC, Zhang LL. Interleukin-18 gene promoter 607A polymorphism, but not 137C polymorphism, is a protective factor for ischemic stroke in the Chinese population: A meta-analysis. Meta Gene 2016; 9:165-72. [PMID: 27419078 PMCID: PMC4936505 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Some epidemiological studies have evaluated the association between interleukin (IL)-18 promoter polymorphisms and the risk of ischemic stroke (IS), but the results were inconsistent. The present meta-analysis was therefore performed to investigate the relationship between IL-18 promoter 137G/C and 607C/A polymorphisms and the risk of IS in the Chinese population. Related studies from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CBMdisc and CNKI databases up to November 1, 2014 were systematically searched, also the reference lists of identified articles were manually searched. Information was extracted to calculate for the allelic, genotypic, dominant and recessive models using the pooled odds ratios (ORs) along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Evidence of significant association between 607C/A polymorphism and risk of IS was found in four genetic models based on the overall population. However, no significant association between 137G/C polymorphism and risk of IS was found in four genetic models. In summary, the present study suggests that IL-18 gene promoter 607A polymorphism is a protective factor for IS in the Chinese population, while 137C polymorphism has weaker or no protective properties. Still, a larger number of studies with large scale and sufficient original information are required to further confirm our findings. We performed a meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between IL-18 gene promoter polymorphisms and ischemic stroke. IL-18 gene promoter 607C/A polymorphism is a protective factor for ischemic stroke in the Chinese population. This is the first meta-analysis studying such association in Chinese ischemic stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Xue Chen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Yan Pi
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Lu Guo
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Chang-Yue Gao
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Jing-Cheng Li
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Li-Li Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400042, PR China
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Kuehn C, Tauchi M, Stumpf C, Daniel C, Bäuerle T, Schwarz M, Kerek F, Steinkasserer A, Zinser E, Achenbach S, Dietel B. Suppression of proatherogenic leukocyte interactions by MCS-18 – Impact on advanced atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice. Atherosclerosis 2016; 245:101-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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