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Ma X, Liu Y, Ding B, Lu S, Ni B, Chen Y, Yang L, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Yang Y, Liu X. Anthocyanins from blueberry ameliorated arsenic-induced memory impairment, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial-biosynthesis imbalance in rat hippocampal neurons. Cell Signal 2024; 119:111177. [PMID: 38621470 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
In this study, blueberry anthocyanins extract (BAE) was used to investigate its protective effect on arsenic-induced rat hippocampal neurons damage. Arsenic exposure resulted in elevated levels of oxidative stress, decreased antioxidant capacity and increased apoptosis in rat hippocampal brain tissue and mitochondria. Immunohistochemical results showed that arsenic exposure also significantly decreased the expression of mitochondrial biosynthesis-related factors PGC-1α and TFAM. Treatment with BAE alleviated the decrease in antioxidant capacity, mitochondrial biogenesis related protein PGC-1α/NRF2/TFAM expression, and ATP production of arsenic induced hippocampal neurons in rats, and improved cognitive function in arsenic damaged rats. This study provides new insights into the detoxification effect of anthocyanins on the nervous system toxicity caused by metal exposure in the environment, indicating that anthocyanins may be a natural antioxidant against the nervous system toxicity caused by environmental metal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbo Ma
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin 150081, China
| | - Bo Ding
- Nanning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Siqi Lu
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin 150081, China
| | - Bangyao Ni
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yuting Chen
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin 150081, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yanmei Yang
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xiaona Liu
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin 150081, China.
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Yang C, Yu Y, An J. Effect of High-Sucrose Diet on the Occurrence and Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy and Dietary Modification Strategies. Nutrients 2024; 16:1393. [PMID: 38732638 PMCID: PMC11085904 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
As the most serious of the many worse new pathological changes caused by diabetes, there are many risk factors for the occurrence and development of diabetic retinopathy (DR). They mainly include hyperglycemia, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and so on. Among them, hyperglycemia is the most critical cause, and plays a vital role in the pathological changes of DR. High-sucrose diets (HSDs) lead to elevated blood glucose levels in vivo, which, through oxidative stress, inflammation, the production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cause plenty of pathological damages to the retina and ultimately bring about loss of vision. The existing therapies for DR primarily target the terminal stage of the disease, when irreversible visual impairment has appeared. Therefore, early prevention is particularly critical. The early prevention of DR-related vision loss requires adjustments to dietary habits, mainly by reducing sugar intake. This article primarily discusses the risk factors, pathophysiological processes and molecular mechanisms associated with the development of DR caused by HSDs. It aims to raise awareness of the crucial role of diet in the occurrence and progression of DR, promote timely changes in dietary habits, prevent vision loss and improve the quality of life. The aim is to make people aware of the importance of diet in the occurrence and progression of DR. According to the dietary modification strategies that we give, patients can change their poor eating habits in a timely manner to avoid theoretically avoidable retinopathy and obtain an excellent prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China;
- Oujiang Laboratory, Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health, Wenzhou 325101, China
| | - Yifei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianhong An
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China;
- Oujiang Laboratory, Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health, Wenzhou 325101, China
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Zhu M, Li P, Xu T, Zhang G, Xu Z, Wang X, Zhao L, Yang H. Combined exposure to lead and microplastics increased risk of glucose metabolism in mice via the Nrf2/NF-κB pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:2502-2511. [PMID: 38180308 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of combined lead (Pb) and two types of microplastic (MP) (polyvinyl chloride [PVC] and polyethylene [PE]) exposure on glucose metabolism and investigate the role of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway in mediating these effects in mice. Adult C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups: control, Pb (100 mg/L), MPs (containing 10 mg/L PE and PVC), and Pb + MPs, each of which was treated with drinking water. Treatments were conducted for 6 weeks. Co-exposure to Pb + MPs exhibited increase glycosylated serum protein levels, insulin resistance, and damaged glucose tolerance compared with the control mice. Additionally, treatment with Pb + MPs caused more severe damage to hepatocytes than when exposed to them alone concomitantly, exposed to Pb + MPs exhibited improved the levels of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and malondialdehyde, but reduced superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase assay in livers. Furthermore, they increase the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and phosphorylated p-NF-κB protein levels but reduced the protein levels of heme oxygenase-1 and Nrf2, as well as increased Keap1 mRNA and Nrf2 mRNA. Co-exposure to Pb + MP impacts glucose metabolism via the Nrf2 /NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqiang Zhu
- Linyi Hedong District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Peng Li
- Linyi Hedong District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Linyi, China
| | | | - Guoyun Zhang
- Linyi Hedong District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Zhuo Xu
- Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Xiangrong Wang
- Linyi Hedong District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Lulu Zhao
- Linyi Hedong District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Linyi, China
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Sesso HD, Rautiainen S, Park SJ, Kim E, Lee IM, Glynn RJ, Buring JE, Christen WG. Intake of Blueberries, Anthocyanins, and Risk of Eye Disease in Women. J Nutr 2024; 154:1404-1413. [PMID: 38432561 PMCID: PMC11007733 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blueberries and anthocyanins, their key bioactive component, may improve eye health. However, few long-term studies have examined blueberries and anthocyanins with cataract and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). OBJECTIVES To investigate the prospective association between blueberry and anthocyanin intake with incident cataract, total AMD, and visually significant AMD among middle-aged and older women. METHODS A total of 36,653 and 35,402 women initially free of AMD and cataract, respectively, aged ≥45 y from the Women's Health Study provided semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire data on blueberry intake categorized as none, 1-3 servings/mo, 1 serving/wk, or ≥2 servings/wk, plus a combined category of ≥1 serving/wk. Total anthocyanin intake and major subclasses were energy-adjusted and categorized into quintiles. Self-reported risk factors of eye disease were adjusted in multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) of confirmed cataract, AMD, and visually significant AMD with mean follow-up of 11 y. RESULTS Among the participants, 10.5% consumed ≥1 serving/wk of blueberries, with mean total anthocyanin intake of 11.2 mg/d. Compared to no blueberry intake, women consuming 1-3 servings/mo, 1 serving/wk, and ≥2 servings/wk had corresponding multivariable HRs of total AMD of 0.90 (95% CI: 0.73, 1.11), 0.71 (95% CI: 0.50, 1.00), and 0.36 (95% CI: 0.14, 0.93) (Ptrend = 0.011); those consuming ≥1 servings/wk had an HR of 0.68 (95% CI: 0.47, 0.98). A similar magnitude of HRs were found for visually significant AMD (Ptrend = 0.012) but not for cataract. There were no significant associations between increasing total anthocyanin quintiles and total and visually significant AMD, but there was a modest inverse association with cataract (Ptrend = 0.022), driven by a 10% reduction in cataract in the upper 2 quintiles. CONCLUSIONS Greater blueberry intake significantly reduced total AMD, but not visually significant AMD or cataract. However, the magnitude of effect for visually significant AMD was similar to total AMD. There was a modest but significant inverse association between dietary anthocyanin intake with cataract but not AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard D Sesso
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Susanne Rautiainen
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sarah Jaehwa Park
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eunjung Kim
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - I-Min Lee
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robert J Glynn
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Julie E Buring
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - William G Christen
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Park C, Hwangbo H, Kim SO, Noh JS, Park SH, Hong SH, Hong SH, Kim GY, Choi YH. Anthocyanins Inhibits Oxidative Injury in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial ARPE-19 Cells via Activating Heme Oxygenase-1. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:596-605. [PMID: 38044685 PMCID: PMC11016763 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2310.10011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins belong to phenolic pigments and are known to have various pharmacological activities. This study aimed to investigate whether anthocyanins could inhibit hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative damage in human retinal pigment epithelial ARPE-19 cells. Our results indicated that anthocyanins suppressed H2O2-induced genotoxicity, while inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and preserving diminished glutathione. Anthocyanins also suppressed H2O2-induced apoptosis by reversing the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and inhibiting caspase-3 activation. Additionally, anthocyanins attenuated the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol, which was achieved by interfering with mitochondrial membrane disruption. Moreover, anthocyanins increased the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) as well as its activity, which was correlated with the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2). However, the cytoprotective and anti-apoptotic effects of anthocyanins were significantly attenuated by the HO-1 inhibitor, demonstrating that anthocyanins promoted Nrf2-induced HO-1 activity to prevent ARPE-19 cells from oxidative stress. Therefore, our findings suggest that anthocyanins, as Nrf2 activators, have potent ROS scavenging activity and may have the potential to protect ocular injury caused by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Park
- Division of Basic Sciences, College of Liberal Studies, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Hwangbo
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ok Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Sook Noh
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Tongmyong University, Busan 48520, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Hyung Park
- Department of Pathology, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hyun Hong
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
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Xia W, Song B, Li T, Liu RH. Phytochemical profiles, antioxidant activities, and synergistic antiproliferative effects of blueberry and apple peel extracts. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:737-745. [PMID: 37658664 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blueberries and apples exhibit favorable bioactivity and health benefits as a result of their rich phytochemicals. Natural phytochemicals exist in complex forms, but there are few reports on whether have additive, synergistic or antagonistic effects between different phytochemicals. The present study aimed to elucidate the synergistic effects of blueberry extract (BE) and apple peel extract (APE) together with respect to inhibiting the proliferation of HepG2 liver cancer cells. Meanwhile, phytochemical characterization of BE and APE was conducted by HPLC, and total antioxidant activity was determined via a cellular antioxidant activity assay, oxygen radical absorption capacity assay and peroxy radical scavenging capacity assay. RESULTS The results showed that BE and APE were rich in phytochemicals and had potent antioxidant activities, which synergistically inhibited cell proliferation. In the bilateral combination, the dose reduction index value increased by two-fold, and the combination index value at 95% inhibition was less than 1. Additionally, BE + APE supplementation could promote the expression levels of p53 and c-myc genes. In conclusion, the BE and APE had strong antioxidant activity and exhibited synergistic inhibition against proliferation of HepG2 cells. CONCLUSION The present study can provide a theoretical basis for the synergistic effect of different phytochemicals in health care. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Bingbing Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Food Science, Stocking Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Rui Hai Liu
- Department of Food Science, Stocking Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Liu Y, Wang Q, Wu K, Sun Z, Tang Z, Li X, Zhang B. Anthocyanins' effects on diabetes mellitus and islet transplantation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:12102-12125. [PMID: 35822311 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2098464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes mellitus is dramatically increasing every year, causing a huge global burden. Moreover, existing anti-diabetic drugs inevitably bring adverse reactions, and the application of islet transplantation is often limited by the damage caused by oxidative stress after transplantation. Thus, new approaches are needed to combat the growing burden of diabetes mellitus. Anthocyanins are of great nutritional interest and have been documented that have beneficial effects on chronic diseases, including diabetes mellitus. Here, we describe the health effects of anthocyanins on diabetes mellitus and islet transplantation. Epidemiological studies demonstrated that moderate intake of anthocyanins leading to a reduction in risk of diabetes mellitus. Numerous experiments both animal and clinical studies also showed positive effects of anthocyanins on prevention and treatment of diabetes and diabetic complications. These effects of anthocyanins may be related to mechanisms of improving glucose and lipid metabolism and insulin resistance, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. In addition, damage and function of pancreatic islets after transplantation are also improved by anthocyanins. These findings suggest that daily intake of anthocyanins may not only improve nutritional metabolism in healthy individuals to prevent from diabetes, but also as a supplementary treatment of diabetes mellitus and islet transplantation. Thus, more evidence is needed to better understand the potential health benefits of anthocyanins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Qianwen Wang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Kangze Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhouyi Sun
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Zhe Tang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Xian Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Ko W, Baek JS, Liu Z, Dong L, Kim N, Lee H, Yoon CS, Kim NY, Kim SC, Lee DS. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of 1,6,7-Trihydroxy-2-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl)-3-methoxyxanthone Isolated from Cudrania tricuspidata via NF-κB, MAPK, and HO-1 Signaling Pathways in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW 264.7 and BV2 Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:7299. [PMID: 37959718 PMCID: PMC10650866 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation activated by microglia affects inflammatory pain development. This study aimed to explore the anti-inflammatory properties and mechanisms of 1,6,7-trihydroxy-2-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl)-3-methoxyxanthone (THMX) from Cudrania tricuspidata in microglia activation-mediated inflammatory pain. In RAW 264.7 and BV2 cells, THMX has been shown to reduce lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines, including nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin (PG) E2, interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). THMX also decreased LPS-induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and the activation of p65 nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Interestingly, THMX also activated heme oxygenase (HO)-1 expression. These findings suggest that THMX is a promising biologically active compound against inflammation through preventing MAPKs and NF-ĸB and activating HO-1 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonmin Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan-si 54538, Republic of Korea; (W.K.); (C.-S.Y.)
| | - Jong-Suep Baek
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, 1, Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si 24341, Republic of Korea;
| | - Zhiming Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 309, Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; (Z.L.); (L.D.); (N.K.); (H.L.)
| | - Linsha Dong
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 309, Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; (Z.L.); (L.D.); (N.K.); (H.L.)
| | - Nayeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 309, Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; (Z.L.); (L.D.); (N.K.); (H.L.)
| | - Hwan Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 309, Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; (Z.L.); (L.D.); (N.K.); (H.L.)
| | - Chi-Su Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan-si 54538, Republic of Korea; (W.K.); (C.-S.Y.)
| | - Na Young Kim
- Pathology Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, 216, Gijanghaean-ro, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sam Cheol Kim
- Department of Family Practice and Community Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, 309, Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dong-Sung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 309, Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; (Z.L.); (L.D.); (N.K.); (H.L.)
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Fang J, Bai W, Yang L. Astaxanthin inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis in diabetic retinopathy. Acta Histochem 2023; 125:152069. [PMID: 37343496 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2023.152069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is thought to be influenced by oxidative stress. Astaxanthin (ASX) is a natural product with antioxidant effect, but it is not clear whether its mechanism of inhibiting the development of DR is related to anti-oxidation. METHODS Rats were intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) to create DR rat models followed by ASX (20 mg/kg) for 45 days. Retinal tissue was examined by Hematoxylin and Eosin staining. By using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), 2,7-Dichlorodrhydrofluorescein diace (DCFH-DA) probes, immunohistochemistry and western blot, it was feasible to evaluate the contents of inflammation-related factors (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1)), oxidative stress-related indicators (glutathione (GSH), malonic dialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC)), antioxidant enzymes (hemoxgenase-1(HO-1) and Quinone Oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1)), and apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl2 Associated X Protein (BAX), and cleaved-caspase-3). Additionally, antioxidant proteins downstream of the nuclear factor E2 related factors (Nrf-2) pathway, expression levels of Nrf2/ Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1(Keap 1) pathway-associated proteins, and nuclear and cytoplasmic levels of Nrf2 were assessed using immunohistochemistry, western blot, or quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS ASX alleviated retinal tissue damage by increasing overall retina thickness and ganglion cell layer (GCL) cell numbers and exerted the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, and anti-apoptosis effects in DR rats. Additionally, ASX could inhibit the expression of Keap1, promote the transport of Nrf2 from cytoplasm to nucleus and facilitate the expressions of HO-1, NQO1, γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase, (γ-GCS) and GPx. CONCLUSION ASX exerted antioxidant effects through Nrf2/keap1 pathway, thereby alleviating apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in retinal tissues of DR rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinchang County People's Hospital, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province 312500, China
| | - Wuxia Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310059, China
| | - Lina Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinchang County People's Hospital, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province 312500, China.
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Rusciano D, Bagnoli P. Pharmacotherapy and Nutritional Supplements for Neovascular Eye Diseases. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1334. [PMID: 37512145 PMCID: PMC10383223 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59071334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the recent findings about the treatment of neovascular retinal diseases. The use of conventional drugs and nutraceuticals endowed with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may support conventional therapies will be considered, with the final aim of achieving risk reduction (prevention) and outcome improvement (cooperation between treatments) of such sight-threatening proliferative retinopathies. For this purpose, we consider a medicinal product one that contains well-defined compound(s) with proven pharmacological and therapeutic effects, usually given for the treatment of full-blown diseases. Rarely are prescription drugs given for preventive purposes. A dietary supplement refers to a compound (often an extract or a mixture) used in the prevention or co-adjuvant treatment of a given pathology. However, it must be kept in mind that drug-supplement interactions may exist and might affect the efficacy of certain drug treatments. Moreover, the distinction between medicinal products and dietary supplements is not always straightforward. For instance, melatonin is formulated as a medicinal product for the treatment of sleep and behavioral problems; at low doses (usually below 1 mg), it is considered a nutraceutical, while at higher doses, it is sold as a psychotropic drug. Despite their lower status with respect to drugs, increasing evidence supports the notion of the beneficial effects of dietary supplements on proliferative retinopathies, a major cause of vision loss in the elderly. Therefore, we believe that, on a patient-by-patient basis, the administration of nutraceuticals, either alone or in association, could benefit many patients, delaying the progression of their disease and likely improving the efficacy of pharmaceutical drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paola Bagnoli
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56123 Pisa, Italy
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11
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Li W, Xing Q, Liu Z, Liu R, Hu Y, Yan Q, Liu X, Zhang J. The signaling pathways of traditional Chinese medicine in treating diabetic retinopathy. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1165649. [PMID: 37405050 PMCID: PMC10315578 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1165649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the common diabetic microvascular complications that occurs in the eyes and is closely associated with vision loss in working adults. However, the clinical treatment of DR is limited or accompanied by a large number of complications. Therefore, the development of new drugs for the treatment of DR is urgently needed. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is widely used to treat DR in China, and its multi-pathway and multi-level characteristics can effectively address the complex pathogenesis of DR. Growing evidence suggests that inflammation, angiogenesis, and oxidative stress are the core pathological mechanisms in the development of DR. This study innovatively considers the aforementioned processes as the fundamental unit and sheds light on the molecular mechanisms and potential of TCM against DR in terms of signaling pathways. The results showed that NF-κB, MAPK/NF-κB, TLR4/NF-κB, VEGF/VEGFR2, HIF-1α/VEGF, STAT3, and Nrf2/HO-1 are the key signaling pathways for the treatment of DR by TCMs, which involved curcumolide, erianin, quercetin, blueberry anthocyanins, puerarin, arjunolic acid, ethanol extract of Scutellaria barbata D. Don, Celosia argentea L. extract, ethanol extract of Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl., Shengpuhuang-tang, and LuoTong formula. The purpose of this review is to update and summarize the signaling pathways of TCM in the treatment of DR and provide ideas for the development of new drugs against DR in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencan Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Qichang Xing
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Renzhu Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Yixiang Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Qingzi Yan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Jiani Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
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12
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Liu W, Cui X, Zhong Y, Ma R, Liu B, Xia Y. Phenolic metabolites as therapeutic in inflammation and neoplasms: molecular pathways explaining their efficacy. Pharmacol Res 2023:106812. [PMID: 37271425 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols, also known as phenolic compounds, are chemical substances containing aromatic rings as well as at least two hydroxyl groups. Natural phenolic compounds exist widely in plants, which protect plants from ultraviolet radiation and other insults. Phenolic compounds have superior pharmacological and nutritional properties (antimicrobial, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-sclerosis, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities), which have been paid more and more attention by the scientific community. Phenols can protect key cellular components from reactive free radical damage, which is mainly due to their property to activate antioxidant enzymes and alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation. It can also inhibit or isolate reactive oxygen species and transfer electrons to free radicals, thereby avoiding cell damage. It has a regulatory role in glucose metabolism, which has a promising prospect in the prevention and intervention of diabetes. It also prevents cardiovascular disease by regulating blood pressure and blood lipids. Polyphenols can inhibit cell proliferation by affecting Erk1/2, CDK, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Polyphenols can function as enhancers of intrinsic defense systems, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). Simultaneously, they can modulate multiple proteins and transcription factors, making them promising candidates in the investigation of anti-cancer medications. This review focuses on multiple aspects of phenolic substances, including their natural origins, production process, disinfection activity, oxidative and anti-inflammatory functions, and the effects of different phenolic substances on tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshi Liu
- Department of Translantation/Hepatobiliary, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yifan Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ruiyang Ma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Yonghui Xia
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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13
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Colomba M, Benedetti S, Fraternale D, Guidarelli A, Coppari S, Freschi V, Crinelli R, Kass GEN, Gorassini A, Verardo G, Roselli C, Meli MA, Di Giacomo B, Albertini MC. Nrf2-Mediated Pathway Activated by Prunus spinosa L. (Rosaceae) Fruit Extract: Bioinformatics Analyses and Experimental Validation. Nutrients 2023; 15:2132. [PMID: 37432298 PMCID: PMC10181019 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In our previous studies, Prunus spinosa fruit (PSF) ethanol extract was showed to exert antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities. In the present study, an integrated bioinformatics analysis combined with experimental validation was carried out to investigate the biological mechanism(s) that are responsible for the reported PSF beneficial effects as an antioxidant during a pro-inflammatory TLR4 insult. Bioinformatics analysis using miRNet 2.0 was carried out to address which biological process(es) the extract could be involved in. In addition, Chemprop was employed to identify the key targets of nuclear receptor (NR) signaling and stress response (SR) pathways potentially modulated. The miRNet analysis suggested that the PSF extract mostly activates the biological process of cellular senescence. The Chemprop analysis predicted three possible targets for nine phytochemicals found in the extract: (i) ARE signaling, (ii) mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and (iii) p53 SR pathways. The PSF extract antioxidant effect was also experimentally validated in vitro using the human monocyte U937 cell line. Our findings showed that Nrf2 is modulated by the extract with a consequent reduction of the oxidative stress level. This was confirmed by a strong decrease in the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) observed in the PSF-treated cells subjected to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (6 h treatment, 1 µg/mL). No visible effects were observed on p53 and MMP modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariastella Colomba
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DiSB), University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (M.C.); (S.B.); (D.F.); (A.G.); (S.C.); (R.C.); (C.R.); (M.A.M.); (B.D.G.)
| | - Serena Benedetti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DiSB), University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (M.C.); (S.B.); (D.F.); (A.G.); (S.C.); (R.C.); (C.R.); (M.A.M.); (B.D.G.)
| | - Daniele Fraternale
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DiSB), University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (M.C.); (S.B.); (D.F.); (A.G.); (S.C.); (R.C.); (C.R.); (M.A.M.); (B.D.G.)
| | - Andrea Guidarelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DiSB), University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (M.C.); (S.B.); (D.F.); (A.G.); (S.C.); (R.C.); (C.R.); (M.A.M.); (B.D.G.)
| | - Sofia Coppari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DiSB), University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (M.C.); (S.B.); (D.F.); (A.G.); (S.C.); (R.C.); (C.R.); (M.A.M.); (B.D.G.)
| | - Valerio Freschi
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences (DiSPeA), University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy;
| | - Rita Crinelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DiSB), University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (M.C.); (S.B.); (D.F.); (A.G.); (S.C.); (R.C.); (C.R.); (M.A.M.); (B.D.G.)
| | | | - Andrea Gorassini
- Department of Humanities and Cultural Heritage, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy;
| | - Giancarlo Verardo
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy;
| | - Carla Roselli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DiSB), University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (M.C.); (S.B.); (D.F.); (A.G.); (S.C.); (R.C.); (C.R.); (M.A.M.); (B.D.G.)
| | - Maria Assunta Meli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DiSB), University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (M.C.); (S.B.); (D.F.); (A.G.); (S.C.); (R.C.); (C.R.); (M.A.M.); (B.D.G.)
| | - Barbara Di Giacomo
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DiSB), University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (M.C.); (S.B.); (D.F.); (A.G.); (S.C.); (R.C.); (C.R.); (M.A.M.); (B.D.G.)
| | - Maria Cristina Albertini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DiSB), University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (M.C.); (S.B.); (D.F.); (A.G.); (S.C.); (R.C.); (C.R.); (M.A.M.); (B.D.G.)
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14
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Huang H, Luo Y, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Li Z, He R, Chen X, Dong Z. Vaccinium as Potential Therapy for Diabetes and Microvascular Complications. Nutrients 2023; 15:2031. [PMID: 37432140 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most critical global health concerns, with a fast-growing prevalence. The incidence of diabetic vascular complications is also rapidly increasing, exacerbating the burden on individuals with diabetes and the consumption of public medical resources. Despite the overall improvements in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diabetic microvascular complications in recent years, safe and effective alternative or adjunctive therapies are urgently needed. The mechanisms underlying diabetic vascular complications are complex, with hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and inflammation being the leading causes. Therefore, glycemic control, antioxidation, and anti-inflammation are considered the main targets for the treatment of diabetes and its vascular comorbidities. Vaccinium L. (Ericaceae) is a genus of plants enriched with polyphenolic compounds in their leaves and fruits. Vaccinium and its extracts have demonstrated good bioactivity in reducing blood glucose, oxidative stress, and inflammation, making them excellent candidates for the management of diabetes and diabetic vascular complications. Here, we review recent preclinical and clinical studies on the potential effect of Vaccinium on ameliorating diabetes and diabetic complications, particularly diabetic kidney disease and diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yayong Luo
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qian Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yihan Zhang
- BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition & Health, No. 3 Kehui 3rd Street, No. 99 Kexue Avenue Central, Huangpu District, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Zhongxia Li
- BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition & Health, No. 3 Kehui 3rd Street, No. 99 Kexue Avenue Central, Huangpu District, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Ruikun He
- BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition & Health, No. 3 Kehui 3rd Street, No. 99 Kexue Avenue Central, Huangpu District, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zheyi Dong
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
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15
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Antioxidant Phytochemicals as Potential Therapy for Diabetic Complications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010123. [PMID: 36670985 PMCID: PMC9855127 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of diabetes continues to increase partly due to rapid urbanization and an increase in the aging population. Consequently, this is associated with a parallel increase in the prevalence of diabetic vascular complications which significantly worsen the burden of diabetes. For these diabetic vascular complications, there is still an unmet need for safe and effective alternative/adjuvant therapeutic interventions. There is also an increasing urge for therapeutic options to come from natural products such as plants. Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress is central to the development of diabetes and diabetic complications. Furthermore, oxidative stress-induced inflammation and insulin resistance are central to endothelial damage and the progression of diabetic complications. Human and animal studies have shown that polyphenols could reduce oxidative stress, hyperglycemia, and prevent diabetic complications including diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, and diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Part of the therapeutic effects of polyphenols is attributed to their modulatory effect on endogenous antioxidant systems. This review attempts to summarize the established effects of polyphenols on endogenous antioxidant systems from the literature. Moreover, potential therapeutic strategies for harnessing the potential benefits of polyphenols for diabetic vascular complications are also discussed.
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16
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Impact of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on rabbiteye blueberry anthocyanins and their absorption efficiency in Caco-2 cells. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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17
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Moghadam D, Zarei R, Vakili S, Ghojoghi R, Zarezade V, Veisi A, Sabaghan M, Azadbakht O, Behrouj H. The effect of natural polyphenols Resveratrol, Gallic acid, and Kuromanin chloride on human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) expression in HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma: role of SIRT1/Nrf2 signaling pathway and oxidative stress. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:77-84. [PMID: 36307623 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08031-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence that low doses or physiological concentrations of certain natural polyphenols enhance the activity of telomerase. However, the precise mechanism by which natural polyphenols regulate telomerase activity remains unclear. Recent research indicates that NF-E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) and silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) are involved in human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) regulation. Thus, in order to better comprehend the mechanism by which polyphenols regulate hTERT, the present study investigated the effects of the natural polyphenols Resveratrol, Gallic acid, and Kuromanin chloride on hTERT, Nrf2, and SIRT1 expression as well as oxidative stress in HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS The trypan blue dye exclusion assay was used to assess cell viability. The level of mRNA for hTERT, Nrf2, and SIRT1 was then determined using real-time PCR. A spectrophotometric analysis was conducted to quantify oxidative stress markers. RESULTS The results demonstrated that Resveratrol induces the expression of hTERT and the SIRT1/Nrf2 pathway in a dose-dependent manner. Gallic acid at concentrations of 10 and 20 μM also increased the expression of the hTERT and SIRT1/Nrf2 pathway. Furthermore, dose-dependent overexpression of hTERT and Nrf2 was induced by Kuromanin chloride at 10 and 20 µM. Moreover, we found that Resveratrol and Kuromanin chloride ameliorated oxidative stress, whereas Gallic acid exacerbated it. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that low doses of polyphenols (Resveratrol, Gallic acid, and Kuromanin chloride) upregulate the expression of the hTERT gene in the HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, possibly via induction of the SIRT1/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Therefore, by targeting this pathway or hTERT, the anti-cancer effect of polyphenols can be enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delaram Moghadam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Zarei
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sina Vakili
- Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Rozita Ghojoghi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Vahid Zarezade
- Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Veisi
- Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran
| | | | | | - Hamid Behrouj
- Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran.
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Xue H, Sang Y, Gao Y, Zeng Y, Liao J, Tan J. Research Progress on Absorption, Metabolism, and Biological Activities of Anthocyanins in Berries: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010003. [PMID: 36670865 PMCID: PMC9855064 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Berries, as the best dietary sources for human health, are rich in anthocyanins, vitamins, fiber, polyphenols, essential amino acids, and other ingredients. Anthocyanins are one of the most important bioactive components in berries. The attractive color of berries is attributed to the fact that berries contain different kinds of anthocyanins. Increasing research activity has indicated that anthocyanins in berries show various biological activities, including protecting vision; antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor qualities; inhibition of lipid peroxidation; anti-cardiovascular disease properties; control of hypoglycemic conditions; and other activities. Hence, berries have high nutritional and medicinal values. The recognized absorption, metabolism, and biological activities of anthocyanins have promoted their research in different directions. Hence, it is necessary to systematically review the research progress and future prospects of anthocyanins to promote a better understanding of anthocyanins. The absorption, metabolism, and biological activities of anthocyanins from berries were reviewed in this paper. The findings of this study provide an important reference for basic research, product development and utilization of berries' anthocyanins in food, cosmetics, and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkun Xue
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yumei Sang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yuchao Gao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yuan Zeng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Jianqing Liao
- College of Physical Science and Engineering, Yichun University, No. 576 Xuefu Road, Yichun 336000, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (J.T.); Tel.: +86-0312-5075644 (J.L. & J.T.)
| | - Jiaqi Tan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding 071002, China
- Medical Comprehensive Experimental Center, Hebei University, No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding 071002, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (J.T.); Tel.: +86-0312-5075644 (J.L. & J.T.)
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Zhang J, Li S, An H, Zhang X, Zhou B. Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis reveals the anthocyanin biosynthesis mechanisms in blueberry ( Vaccinium corymbosum L.) leaves under different light qualities. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1073332. [PMID: 36570935 PMCID: PMC9772006 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1073332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) is a popular fruit with an abundance of anthocyanins in its leaves and fruits. Light is one of the pivotal environmental elements that affects plant growth and development, but the regulatory mechanism between light quality and anthocyanin formation is poorly understood. METHODS An integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis was performed to investigate the effects of white (control), blue (B), red (R), and red/blue (60R/40B) light on blueberry growth and reveal the potential pathway controlling anthocyanin biosynthesis in blueberry leaves. RESULTS The anthocyanin content was significantly improved by the blue and red/blue light when compared with white light, whereas there was a significant reduction in the photosynthesis under the blue light, showing an inverse trend to that of anthocyanin accumulation. Transcriptomic analysis resulted in the assembly of 134,709 unigenes. Of these, 22 were differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that participate in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway, with the majority being significantly up-regulated under the blue light. Most of the photosynthesis-related genes that were down-regulated were expressed during anthocyanin accumulation. Targeted metabolome profiling identified 44 metabolites associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis. The contents of most of these metabolites were higher under blue light than the other light conditions, which was consistent with the transcriptome results. The integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis suggested that, under blue light, leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase (LDOX), O-methyltransferase (OMT), and UDP-glucose flavonoid glucosyltransferase (UFGT) were the most significantly expressed, and they promoted the synthesis of cyanidin (Cy), malvidin (Mv), and pelargonidin (Pg) anthocyanidins, respectively. The expression levels of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) and OMT, as well as the accumulation of delphinidin (Dp), peonidin (Pn), and petunidin (Pt), were significantly increased by the red/blue light. DISCUSSION The blue and red/blue lights promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis via inducing the expression of key structural genes and accumulation of metabolites involved in anthocyanin synthesis pathway. Moreover, there was a possible feedback regulating correlation between anthocyanin biosynthesis and photosynthesis under different light qualities in blueberry leaves. This study would provide a theoretical basis for elucidating the underlying regulatory mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis of V. corymbosum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Zhang
- Forestry and Pomology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuigen Li
- Forestry and Pomology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haishan An
- Forestry and Pomology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Forestry and Pomology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Boqiang Zhou
- Forestry and Pomology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Chen Z, Zhu Y, Lu M, Yu L, Tan S, Ren T. Effects of Rosa roxburghii Tratt glycosides and quercetin on D-galactose-induced aging mice model. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14425. [PMID: 36125966 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of RRT (Rosa roxburghii Tratt) glucosides and quercetin on oxidative stress and chronic inflammation in D-galactose-induced aging mice, 90 mice (8 weeks old) were randomly divided into the normal group (NC), aging model group (D-gal), isoquercitrin group (D-gal+isoquercitrin), quercitrin group (D-gal+quercitrin), quercetin group (D-gal+quercetin) and positive control group (D-gal+Metformin). The aging model was established by subcutaneous injection of D-galactose (100 mg/kg). After 42 days of the administration, antioxidant and inflammatory indexes were measured, HE staining was used to investigate pathological changes in liver and brain tissue, and Western blot was used to determine the protein abundance of nuclear factor E2-related factor (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase (HO-1) in the brain. The results showed that, when compared to the NC group, the D-gal group had a significantly lower brain, liver, kidney, and spleen indexes; the contents of MDA, L-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in serum, liver, and brain were significantly higher, but the levels of CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px were significantly lower. Isoquercitrin, quercitrin, and quercetin significantly increased organ indexes and activities of CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px while decreasing MDA, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels in serum, liver, and brain tissues compared to the D-gal group. The morphological changes in the brain and liver tissue were significantly restored by glycosides and quercetin, as observed in HE staining. Furthermore, Western blot results revealed that glycosides and quercetin increased the protein levels of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1. Finally, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of RRT glycoside and quercetin in aging may be attributed to an activated Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Aging is characterized by physical changes and dysfunction of numerous biological systems caused by a variety of factors. The oxidative stress and inflammatory effects of RRT glycosides and quercetin on D-galactose-induced aging mice were investigated in this study. RRT glycosides and quercetin were found to protect organ atrophy, liver, and brain tissue in aging mice by regulating oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. It served as the theoretical foundation for the investigation of Rosa roxburghii Tratt as a health product and pharmaceutical raw material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chen
- College of Brewing and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Yuping Zhu
- College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Mintao Lu
- College of Brewing and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Lu Yu
- College of Brewing and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Shuming Tan
- College of Brewing and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Tingyuan Ren
- College of Brewing and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
- Institute of Guizhou Distinctive Plant Resources Conservation, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Science, Guiyang, P. R. China
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Abbasi-Parizad P, Scarafoni A, Pilu R, Scaglia B, De Nisi P, Adani F. The recovery from agro-industrial wastes provides different profiles of anti-inflammatory polyphenols for tailored applications. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.996562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Food and agro-industrial processing produce a great amount of side-stream and waste materials that are excellent sources of functional bioactive molecules such as phenolic compounds that recover them can be beneficial not only for food sustainability but also to human for many industrial applications such as flavor compounds and therapeutic applications such as antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory. The treatments and extraction techniques have major effects on the recovery of bioactive compounds. Along with the conventional extraction methods, numerous innovative techniques have been evolved and have been optimized to facilitate bioactive extraction more efficiently and sustainably. In this work, we have summarized the state-of-the-art technological approaches concerning novel extraction methods applied for five most produced crops in Italy; Grape Pomace (GP), Tomato Pomace (TP), Olive Pomace (OP), Citrus Pomace (CP), and Spent Coffee Grounds (SCG), presenting the extraction yield and the main class of phenolic classes, with the focus on their biological activity as an anti-inflammatory in vitro and in vivo studies via describing their molecular mechanism of action.
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22
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Xu Z, Li S, Li K, Wang X, Li X, An M, Yu X, Long X, Zhong R, Liu Q, Wang X, Yang Y, Tian N. Urolithin A ameliorates diabetic retinopathy via activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Endocr J 2022; 69:971-982. [PMID: 35321989 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej21-0490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a progressive microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and is characterised by excessive inflammation and oxidative stress. Urolithin A (UA), a major metabolite of ellagic acid, exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions in various human diseases. This study, for the first time, uncovered the role of UA in DR pathogenesis. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were used to determine the effects of UA on blood glucose levels, retinal structures, inflammation, and oxidative stress. High glucose (HG)-induced human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) were used to elucidate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms of UA in DR in vitro. The in vivo experiments demonstrated that UA injection reduced blood glucose levels, decreased albumin and vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations, and ameliorated the injured retinal structures caused by DR. UA administration also inhibited inflammation and oxidative damage in the retinal tissues of diabetic rats. Similar anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of UA were observed in HRECs induced by HG. Furthermore, we found that UA elevated the levels of nuclear Nrf2 and HO-1 both in vivo and in vitro. Nrf2 silencing reversed the inhibitory effects of UA on inflammation and oxidative stress during DR progression. Together, our findings indicate that UA can ameliorate DR by repressing inflammation and oxidative stress via the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, which suggests that UA could be an effective drug for clinical DR treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zepeng Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuyi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province, 529000, China
- The First Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province, 510504, China
| | - Songtao Li
- The First Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province, 510504, China
| | - Kunmeng Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province, 510504, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province, 510504, China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- The First Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province, 510504, China
| | - Meixia An
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province, 510630, China
| | - Xiaoyi Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province, 510504, China
| | - Xinguang Long
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuyi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province, 529000, China
| | - Ruiying Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province, 510504, China
| | - Qiuhong Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province, 510504, China
| | - Xiaochuan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province, 510504, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province, 510504, China
| | - Ni Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province, 510504, China
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Duan Y, Tarafdar A, Chaurasia D, Singh A, Bhargava PC, Yang J, Li Z, Ni X, Tian Y, Li H, Awasthi MK. Blueberry fruit valorization and valuable constituents: A review. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 381:109890. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Sun F, Sun Y, Zhu J, Wang X, Ji C, Zhang J, Chen S, Yu Y, Xu W, Qian H. Mesenchymal stem cells-derived small extracellular vesicles alleviate diabetic retinopathy by delivering NEDD4. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:293. [PMID: 35841055 PMCID: PMC9284871 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02983-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As a leading cause of vision decline and severe blindness in adults, diabetic retinopathy (DR) is characterized by the aggravation of retinal oxidative stress and apoptosis in the early stage. Emerging studies reveal that mesenchymal stem cells-derived small extracellular vesicles (MSC-sEV) treatment represents a promising cell-free approach to alleviate ocular disorders. However, the repairing effects of MSC-sEV in DR remain largely unclear. This study aimed at exploring the role and the underlying mechanism of MSC-sEV in hyperglycemia-induced retinal degeneration. Methods In vivo, we used streptozotocin (STZ) to establish diabetic rat model, followed by the intravitreal injection of MSC-sEV to determine the curative effect. The cell viability and antioxidant capacity of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells stimulated with high-glucose (HG) medium after MSC-sEV treatment were analyzed in vitro. By detecting the response of cell signaling pathways in MSC-sEV-treated RPE cells, we explored the functional mechanism of MSC-sEV. Mass spectrometry was performed to reveal the bioactive protein which mediated the role of MSC-sEV. Results The intravitreal injection of MSC-sEV elicited antioxidant effects and counteracted retinal apoptosis in STZ-induced DR rat model. MSC-sEV treatment also reduced the oxidative level and enhanced the proliferation ability of RPE cells cultured in HG conditions in vitro. Further studies showed that the increased level of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) inhibited AKT phosphorylation and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) expression in RPE cells stimulated with HG medium, which could be reversed by MSC-sEV intervention. Through mass spectrometry, we illustrated that MSC-sEV-delivered neuronal precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated 4 (NEDD4) could cause PTEN ubiquitination and degradation, activate AKT signaling and upregulate NRF2 level to prevent DR progress. Moreover, NEDD4 knockdown impaired MSC-sEV-mediated retinal therapeutic effects. Conclusions Our findings indicated that MSC-sEV ameliorated DR through NEDD4-induced regulation on PTEN/AKT/NRF2 signaling pathway, thus revealing the efficiency and mechanism of MSC-sEV-based retinal protection and providing new insights into the treatment of DR. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-02983-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengtian Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuntong Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junyan Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shenyuan Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yifan Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenrong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hui Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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Wang C, Wang K, Li P. Blueberry anthocyanins extract attenuated diabetic retinopathy by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress via the miR-182/OGG1 axis. J Pharmacol Sci 2022; 150:31-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Yang S, Ouyang J, Lu Y, Harypursat V, Chen Y. A Dual Role of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:842858. [PMID: 35281042 PMCID: PMC8913507 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.842858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron metabolism is vital for the survival of both humans and microorganisms. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an essential stress-response enzyme highly expressed in the lungs, and catabolizes heme into ferrous iron, carbon monoxide (CO), and biliverdin (BV)/bilirubin (BR), especially in pathological conditions which cause oxidative stress and inflammation. Ferrous iron (Fe2+) is an important raw material for the synthesis of hemoglobin in red blood cells, and patients with iron deficiency are often associated with decreased cellular immunity. CO and BR can inhibit oxidative stress and inflammation. Thus, HO-1 is regarded as a cytoprotective molecule during the infection process. However, recent study has unveiled new information regarding HO-1. Being a highly infectious pathogenic bacterium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection causes acute oxidative stress, and increases the expression of HO-1, which may in turn facilitate MTB survival and growth due to increased iron availability. Moreover, in severe cases of MTB infection, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free iron (Fe2+) due to high levels of HO-1 can lead to lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis, which may promote further MTB dissemination from cells undergoing ferroptosis. Therefore, it is important to understand and illustrate the dual role of HO-1 in tuberculosis. Herein, we critically review the interplay among HO-1, tuberculosis, and the host, thus paving the way for development of potential strategies for modulating HO-1 and iron metabolism.
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Zhang XX, Ji YL, Zhu LP, Wang ZH, Fang CQ, Jiang CH, Pan K, Zhang J, Yin ZQ. Arjunolic acid from Cyclocarya paliurus ameliorates diabetic retinopathy through AMPK/mTOR/HO-1 regulated autophagy pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 284:114772. [PMID: 34688801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cyclocarya paliurus (CP) is a traditional Chinese herb and possesses a variety of biological activities including anti-hyperglycemia, anti-hyperlipidemia, antioxidant and anti-inflammation. Arjunolic acid (AA) is an abundant and bioactive ingredient in CP that shows significant protection against many metabolic diseases such as diabetic complication. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious complication of diabetes and may lead to vision loss. However, the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of AA against DR is not still understood. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to investigate whether AA activates AMPK/mTOR/HO-1 regulated autophagy pathway to alleviate DR. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the study, the STZ-induced diabetic model of rats was established, and AA with 10 and 30 mg/kg dosages was given orally for ten weeks to investigate their effect on retinal injury of DR. H2O2-induced ARPE-19 cells were applied to evaluate anti-apoptosis and anti-oxidant effect of AA. RESULTS The results revealed that AA could prevent STZ-induced weight loss and increase the retinal thickness and nuclei counts. The level of HO-1 protein was upregulated both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, AA prevented retinal damage and cell apoptosis through the AMPK-mTOR-regulated autophagy pathway. Furthermore, anti-apoptosis capacity, as well as the expression of HO-1 and LC3 protein, were effectively locked by AMPK inhibitor dorsomorphin dihydrochloride (compound C). CONCLUSIONS This finding implies that AA may be a promising candidate drug by protecting retinal cells from STZ-induced oxidative stress and inflammation through the AMPK/mTOR/HO-1 regulated autophagy pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Xuan Zhang
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals & Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China; Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China; Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Lishui District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 211200, PR China
| | - Ya-Li Ji
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals & Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China; Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China
| | - Li-Ping Zhu
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals & Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Zi-Han Wang
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals & Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China; Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China
| | - Chang-Qian Fang
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Lishui District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 211200, PR China
| | - Cui-Hua Jiang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China
| | - Ke Pan
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals & Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, PR China.
| | - Zhi-Qi Yin
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals & Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
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Türck P, Salvador IS, Campos-Carraro C, Ortiz V, Bahr A, Andrades M, Belló-Klein A, da Rosa Araujo AS. Blueberry extract improves redox balance and functional parameters in the right ventricle from rats with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:373-386. [PMID: 34374852 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02642-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a disease characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance and right ventricle (RV) failure. In this context, oxidative stress is an essential element contributing to PAH's pathophysiology. Thus, blueberry (BB), which has a high antioxidant capacity, emerges as a natural therapeutic approach in PAH. This work evaluated the effect of BB extract on redox balance in RV in a PAH's animal model. METHODS Male Wistar rats (200 ± 20 g) (n = 72) were randomized into eight groups: control (CTR); monocrotaline (MCT); CTR and MCT treated at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg BB. PAH was induced by administration of MCT (60 mg/kg, intraperitoneal). Rats were treated with BB orally for 5 weeks (2 weeks before monocrotaline and 3 weeks after monocrotaline injection). On day 35, rats were submitted to echocardiography and catheterization, then euthanasia and RV harvesting for biochemical analyses. RESULTS RV hypertrophy, observed in the MCT groups, was reduced with BB treatment. MCT elevated RV systolic pressure and pressure/time derivatives, while the intervention with BB decreased these parameters. PAH decreased RV output and pulmonary artery outflow acceleration/ejection time ratio, while increased RV diameters, parameters restored by BB treatment. Animals from the MCT group showed elevated lipid peroxidation and NADPH oxidase activity, outcomes attenuated in animals treated with BB, which also led to increased catalase activity. CONCLUSION Treatment with BB partially mitigated PAH, which could be associated with improvement of RV redox state. Such findings constitute an advance in the investigation of the role of BB extract in chronic progressive cardiovascular diseases that involve the redox balance, such as PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Türck
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Isadora Schein Salvador
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cristina Campos-Carraro
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Ortiz
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alan Bahr
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Michael Andrades
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Adriane Belló-Klein
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alex Sander da Rosa Araujo
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Yu M, Zhang L, Sun S, Zhang Z. Gliquidone improves retinal injury to relieve diabetic retinopathy via regulation of SIRT1/Notch1 pathway. BMC Ophthalmol 2021; 21:451. [PMID: 34961513 PMCID: PMC8711144 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-021-02215-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common and potentially devastating microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). The main features of DR are inflammation and oxidative damage. Gliquidone (GLI) is confirmed to be a hypoglycemic drug by oral administration. The current study is aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of GLI on the pathogenesis of DR. Methods High glucose (HG)-induced human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) were used to explore the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of GLI on DR in vitro. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DM rats were used to investigate the effects of GLI on retinal structures, inflammation, and oxidative stress. The levels of SIRT1/Notch1 pathway-related proteins were determined by western blotting. Results GLI treatment promoted the viability and inhibited the apoptosis of HG-induced HRECs. Meanwhile, the levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, tumour necrosis factor alpha and reactive oxygen species were suppressed, while both catalase and superoxide dismutase were elevated after GLI treatment in HG-induced HRECs. Furthermore, we found that Silencing information regulator 2 related enzyme 1 (SIRT1) silencing reversed the inhibiting effects of GLI on the levels of protein Notch1 and effector genes Hes1 and Hey2. Similar anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of GLI in STZ-induced DM rats were observed. Additionally, GLI administration also repressed vascular hyperpermeability in vivo. Conclusion GLI may be an effective agent to improve DR through repression of inflammation and oxidative stress via SIRT1/Notch1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdan Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao University, No. 127, Siliu South Road, Qingdao City, 266042, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao University, No. 127, Siliu South Road, Qingdao City, 266042, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shasha Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao University, No. 127, Siliu South Road, Qingdao City, 266042, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao University, No. 127, Siliu South Road, Qingdao City, 266042, Shandong Province, China.
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Xing Y, Liang S, Zhao Y, Yang S, Ni H, Li H. Protection of Aronia melanocarpa Fruit Extract from Sodium-Iodate-Induced Damages in Rat Retina. Nutrients 2021; 13:4411. [PMID: 34959962 PMCID: PMC8703977 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the major causes of blindness in elderly populations. However, the dry form of AMD has lack of effective treatments. The fruits of Aronia melanocarpa are rich in anthocyanins. In this study, the protective effects of aronia fruit extract on rat retina were investigated using a NaIO3-induced dry AMD model. Full-field electroretinograms (ERGs) showed that b-wave amplitudes were significantly decreased and the retina structures were disordered in the model. The extract treatment alleviated the injuries. The b-wave amplitudes increased 61.5% in Scotopic 0.01ERG, 122.0% in Photopic 3.0ERG, and 106.8% in Photopic 3.0 flicker; the retina structure disorder was improved with the thickness of outer nuclear layer increasing by 44.1%; and the malonaldehyde level was significantly reduced in extract-treated rat retinas compared to the model. The proteomics analysis showed the expressions of five crystallin proteins, α-crystallin A chain, β-crystallin B2, β-crystallin A3, α-crystallin B chain, and γ-crystallin S, which protect retina ganglion cells, were increased by 7.38-, 7.74-, 15.30-, 4.86-, and 9.14-fold, respectively, in the extract treatment compared to the control, which was also confirmed by immunoblotting. The results suggest that aronia fruit extract, probably due to its anthocyanins, could protect the rat retina by alleviating oxidative damages and by upregulating the crystallin proteins to protect its nerve system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xing
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (Y.X.); (H.N.)
| | - Shan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Institute of Lifeomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (The PHOENIX Center), Beijing 102206, China;
| | - Shuo Yang
- Guozhen Health Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, China;
| | - He Ni
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (Y.X.); (H.N.)
| | - Haihang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (Y.X.); (H.N.)
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Berry polyphenols and human health: evidence of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, microbiota modulation, and cell-protecting effects. Curr Opin Food Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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35
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Behl T, Kumar K, Singh S, Sehgal A, Sachdeva M, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Buhas C, Teodora Judea-Pusta C, Negrut N, Alexandru Munteanu M, Brisc C, Bungau S. Unveiling the role of polyphenols in diabetic retinopathy. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2021.104608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Li Q, Liang S, Lai Q, Shen L, Zhang Y, Guo R. Heme oxygenase-1 alleviates advanced glycation end product-induced oxidative stress, inflammatory response and biological behavioral disorders in rat dermal fibroblasts. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1212. [PMID: 34584557 PMCID: PMC8422385 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are involved in delaying the wound healing of diabetic foot ulcers. The present study investigated the effects of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) on oxidative stress, inflammatory insult and biological behaviors in rat dermal fibroblasts in the presence of AGEs. Rat dermal fibroblasts were cultured in the presence of AGEs (100 µg/ml), glucose (1.0 g/l or 4.5 g/l), hemin (5 µM) and chromium mesoporphyrin (CrMP; 20 µM). A bilirubin kit, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting were used to measure the activity and mRNA and protein levels of HO-1, respectively. ELISA kits were used to measure the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and the viability and collagen (hydroxyproline) secretion of fibroblasts. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured via flow cytometry. The scratch test was performed to evaluate cell migration. The results revealed that AGEs resulted in oxidative stress, inflammatory response and biological behavioral disorders in fibroblasts, while worsened functional disorders were caused by the combination of AGEs and high-glucose treatment. Hemin treatment induced sustained high HO-1 expression, decreased the levels of ROS, MDA, 8-OHdG, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and cell apoptosis, and increased cellular collagen synthesis, viability, proliferation and migration, whereas CrMP abolished the effects of hemin. It was observed that high HO-1 expression reversed the AGE-induced oxidative stress, inflammatory response and biological behavioral disorders in fibroblasts, but fibroblast function did not return to that observed under normal glucose levels. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that hemin treatment induced high HO-1 expression. HO-1 reduced the AGE-induced functional disorders in fibroblasts and may accelerate the healing of diabetic wounds by improving fibroblast biological behaviors and reducing the oxidative stress and inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Li
- Department of VIP Medical Service Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Shangyan Liang
- Department of VIP Medical Service Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Qianwei Lai
- Department of VIP Medical Service Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Lishan Shen
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Ruomi Guo
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
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Nirody JA, Budin I, Rangamani P. ATP synthase: Evolution, energetics, and membrane interactions. J Gen Physiol 2021; 152:152111. [PMID: 32966553 PMCID: PMC7594442 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201912475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of ATP, life’s “universal energy currency,” is the most prevalent chemical reaction in biological systems and is responsible for fueling nearly all cellular processes, from nerve impulse propagation to DNA synthesis. ATP synthases, the family of enzymes that carry out this endless task, are nearly as ubiquitous as the energy-laden molecule they are responsible for making. The F-type ATP synthase (F-ATPase) is found in every domain of life and has facilitated the survival of organisms in a wide range of habitats, ranging from the deep-sea thermal vents to the human intestine. Accordingly, there has been a large amount of work dedicated toward understanding the structural and functional details of ATP synthases in a wide range of species. Less attention, however, has been paid toward integrating these advances in ATP synthase molecular biology within the context of its evolutionary history. In this review, we present an overview of several structural and functional features of the F-type ATPases that vary across taxa and are purported to be adaptive or otherwise evolutionarily significant: ion channel selectivity, rotor ring size and stoichiometry, ATPase dimeric structure and localization in the mitochondrial inner membrane, and interactions with membrane lipids. We emphasize the importance of studying these features within the context of the enzyme’s particular lipid environment. Just as the interactions between an organism and its physical environment shape its evolutionary trajectory, ATPases are impacted by the membranes within which they reside. We argue that a comprehensive understanding of the structure, function, and evolution of membrane proteins—including ATP synthase—requires such an integrative approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine A Nirody
- Center for Studies in Physics and Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY.,All Souls College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Itay Budin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Padmini Rangamani
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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38
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A comparative analysis on the anthocyanin composition of 74 blueberry cultivars from China. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Herrera-Balandrano DD, Chai Z, Hutabarat RP, Beta T, Feng J, Ma K, Li D, Huang W. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of blueberry anthocyanins by AMPK activation: In vitro and in vivo studies. Redox Biol 2021; 46:102100. [PMID: 34416477 PMCID: PMC8379492 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Blueberries are rich in bioactive anthocyanins, with a high level of malvidin, which is associated with antioxidant benefits that contribute to reducing the risk of diabetes. The objective of this study was to investigate the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of blueberry anthocyanin extract (BAE), malvidin (Mv), malvidin-3-glucoside (Mv-3-glc), and malvidin-3-galactoside (Mv-3-gal) in both human hepatocarcinoma cell line HepG2 and in a high-fat diet combining streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. High glucose treatment significantly increased hepatic oxidative stress up to 6-fold and decreased HepG2 cell viability. Pretreatment with BAE, Mv, Mv-3-glc and Mlv-3-gal significantly mitigated these damages by lowering the reactive oxygen species (ROS) by 87, 80, 76, and 91%, and increasing cell viability by 88, 79, 73, and 98%, respectively. These pretreatments also effectively inhibited hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, respectively by reducing the expression levels of enzymes participating in gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis and enhancing those involved in glycogenolysis and lipolysis, via adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway in HepG2 cells. To determinate the role of AMPK in BAE-induced reaction of glucose and lipid metabolism in vivo, doses of 100 mg/kg (blueberry anthocyanin extracts – low concentration, BAE-L) and 400 mg/kg (blueberry anthocyanin extracts – high concentration, BAE-H) were administrated per day to diabetic mice for 5 weeks. BAE treatments had a significant (P < 0.05) effect on body weight and increased the AMPK activity, achieving the decrease of blood- and urine-glucose, as well as triglyceride and total cholesterol. This research suggested that anthocyanins contributed to the blueberry extract-induced hypoglycemia and hypolipidemia effects in diabetes and BAE could be a promising functional food or medicine for diabetes treatment. BAE showed hypoglycemic effect on HepG2 and STZ-induced diabetic mice. BAE exhibited hypolipidemic effect on HepG2 and STZ-induced diabetic mice. BAE inhibited PEPCK and G6Pase expression. BAE activated AMPK and decreased the expressions of PGC-1α and FOXO1. BAE could be a potential functional food or nutraceutical for diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela D Herrera-Balandrano
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, PR China; Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Zhi Chai
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, PR China
| | - Ruth P Hutabarat
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, PR China
| | - Trust Beta
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Jin Feng
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, PR China
| | - Kaiyang Ma
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, PR China
| | - Dajing Li
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, PR China.
| | - Wuyang Huang
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, PR China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China.
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Festa J, Da Boit M, Hussain A, Singh H. Potential Benefits of Berry Anthocyanins on Vascular Function. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100170. [PMID: 34346156 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), such as hypertension and atherosclerosis, is the leading cause of global death. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is a strong predictor for most CVD making it a therapeutic target for both drug and nutrition interventions. It has been previously shown that polyphenols from wine and grape extracts possess vasodilator activities, due to the increased expression and phosphorylation of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and consequent vasodilator nitric oxide (NO) production. This is vital in the prevention of ED, as NO production contributes to the maintenance of endothelial homeostasis. Moreover, polyphenols have the ability to inhibit reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can cause oxidative stress, as well as suppress the upregulation of inflammatory markers within the endothelium. However, while the majority of the research has focused on red wine, this has overshadowed the potential of other nutritional components for targeting ED, such as the use of berries. Berries are high in anthocyanin flavonoids a subtype of polyphenols with studies suggesting improved vascular function as a result of inducing NO production and reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. This review focuses on the protective effects of berries within the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Festa
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Mariasole Da Boit
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Aamir Hussain
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK.,Department of Respiratory Sciences, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Harprit Singh
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
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41
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Vaccinium Species (Ericaceae): From Chemical Composition to Bio-Functional Activities. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11125655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The genus Vaccinium L. (Ericaceae) includes more than 450 species, which mainly grow in cooler areas of the northern hemisphere. Vaccinium species have been used in traditional medicine of different cultures and the berries are widely consumed as food. Indeed, Vaccinium supplement-based herbal medicine and functional food, mainly from V. myrtillus and V. macrocarpon, are used in Europe and North America. Biological studies support traditional uses since, for many Vaccinium components, important biological functions have been described, including antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and endothelium protective activities. Vaccinium components, such as polyphenols, anthocyanins and flavonoids, are widely recognized as modulators of cellular pathways involved in pathological conditions, thus indicating that Vaccinium may be an important source of bioactive molecules. This review aims to better describe the bioactivity of Vaccinium species, focusing on anti-inflammatory and endothelial protective cellular pathways, modulated by their components, to better understand their importance for public health.
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Acute Consumption of Blueberries and Short-Term Blueberry Supplementation Improve Glucose Management and Insulin Levels in Sedentary Subjects. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051458. [PMID: 33922965 PMCID: PMC8147004 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blueberries are polyphenol-rich fruits with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Polyphenols from berries act by blocking digestive enzymes, reshaping gastrointestinal microbiota, and affecting the release of gastrointestinal hormones to regulate insulin dynamics and glucose management. However, most studies use fruit extracts instead of fresh fruit. We aimed to evaluate postprandial glucose management and antioxidant capacity of fresh blueberries consumed acutely or as a six-day supplementation in 10 sedentary subjects. METHODS To evaluate the effect of acute blueberry intake, 150 g of blueberries were consumed together with 150 g of white bread by the subject and blood samples were collected at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min to measure glucose, insulin, and plasma antioxidant capacity. To evaluate supplementation, 150 g of blueberries were provided daily for six days and sample collection was performed at day 7. RESULTS Acute consumption of blueberries decreased postprandial glucose area under the curve (AUC) and increased insulin levels at 15 min timepoint. Supplementation did not affect glucose levels but decreased insulin levels at 120 min. No changes in antioxidant capacity were observed. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of fresh blueberries improves postprandial glucose management presumably due to actions on the gastrointestinal tract, while supplementation improves insulin sensitivity, probably due antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Oliveira G, Radovanovic N, Nunes MCDN, Fristedt R, Alminger M, Andlid T. Extracts of Digested Berries Increase the Survival of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during H 2O 2 Induced Oxidative Stress. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041057. [PMID: 33670455 PMCID: PMC7922075 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies suggest anthocyanins may prevent the development of several diseases. However, anthocyanin bioactivity against cellular stress is not fully understood. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of berry anthocyanins on stressed cells using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The impact of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on anthocyanin profiles was also assessed. Bilberry and blackcurrant had higher anthocyanin levels than raspberry and strawberry, but digestion reduced the detected anthocyanins by approximately 90%. Yeast cells with and without digested or nondigested anthocyanin extracts were exposed to H2O2 and examined for survival. In the presence of anthocyanins, particularly from digested strawberry, a significant increase in cell survival was observed, suggesting that the type and levels of anthocyanins are important factors, but they also need to undergo gastrointestinal (GI) structural modifications to induce cell defence. Results also showed that cells need to be exposed to anthocyanins before the stress was applied, suggesting induction of a cellular defence system by anthocyanins or their derivatives rather than by a direct antioxidative effect on H2O2. Overall, data showed that exposure of severely stressed yeast cells to digested berry extracts improved cell survival. The findings also showed the importance of considering gastrointestinal digestion when evaluating anthocyanins’ biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Oliveira
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; (G.O.); (N.R.); (R.F.); (M.A.)
| | - Nataša Radovanovic
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; (G.O.); (N.R.); (R.F.); (M.A.)
| | - Maria Cecilia do Nascimento Nunes
- Food Quality Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA;
| | - Rikard Fristedt
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; (G.O.); (N.R.); (R.F.); (M.A.)
| | - Marie Alminger
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; (G.O.); (N.R.); (R.F.); (M.A.)
| | - Thomas Andlid
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; (G.O.); (N.R.); (R.F.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence:
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Land Lail H, Feresin RG, Hicks D, Stone B, Price E, Wanders D. Berries as a Treatment for Obesity-Induced Inflammation: Evidence from Preclinical Models. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020334. [PMID: 33498671 PMCID: PMC7912458 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation that accompanies obesity is associated with the infiltration of metabolically active tissues by inflammatory immune cells. This propagates a chronic low-grade inflammation associated with increased signaling of common inflammatory pathways such as NF-κB and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Obesity-associated inflammation is linked to an increased risk of chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Preclinical rodent and cell culture studies provide robust evidence that berries and their bioactive components have beneficial effects not only on inflammation, but also on biomarkers of many of these chronic diseases. Berries contain an abundance of bioactive compounds that have been shown to inhibit inflammation and to reduce reactive oxygen species. Therefore, berries represent an intriguing possibility for the treatment of obesity-induced inflammation and associated comorbidities. This review summarizes the anti-inflammatory properties of blackberries, blueberries, strawberries, and raspberries. This review highlights the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of berries and their bioactive components that have been elucidated through the use of preclinical models. The primary mechanisms mediating the anti-inflammatory effects of berries include a reduction in NF-κB signaling that may be secondary to reduced oxidative stress, a down-regulation of TLR4 signaling, and an increase in Nrf2.
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45
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Ai X, Yu P, Hou Y, Song X, Luo J, Li N, Lai X, Wang X, Meng X. A review of traditional Chinese medicine on treatment of diabetic retinopathy and involved mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110852. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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The anti-inflammatory potential of protein-bound anthocyanin compounds from purple sweet potato in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109647. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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The Benefits of Flavonoids in Diabetic Retinopathy. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103169. [PMID: 33081260 PMCID: PMC7603001 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the most common complications of diabetes, is the leading cause of legal blindness among adults of working age in developed countries. After 20 years of diabetes, almost all patients suffering from type I diabetes mellitus and about 60% of type II diabetics have DR. Several studies have tried to identify drugs and therapies to treat DR though little attention has been given to flavonoids, one type of polyphenols, which can be found in high levels mainly in fruits and vegetables, but also in other foods such as grains, cocoa, green tea or even in red wine. Flavonoids have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiviral effects. Since it is known that diabetes induces oxidative stress and inflammation in the retina leading to neuronal death in the early stages of the disease, the use of these compounds can prove to be beneficial in the prevention or treatment of DR. In this review, we summarize the molecular and cellular effects of flavonoids in the diabetic retina.
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Oliveira H, Correia P, Pereira AR, Araújo P, Mateus N, de Freitas V, Oliveira J, Fernandes I. Exploring the Applications of the Photoprotective Properties of Anthocyanins in Biological Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7464. [PMID: 33050431 PMCID: PMC7589295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their physical and chemical characteristics, anthocyanins are amongst the most versatile groups of natural compounds. Such unique signature makes these compounds a focus in several different areas of research. Anthocyanins have well been reported as bioactive compounds in a myriad of health disorders such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and obesity, among others, due to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-bacterial, and anti-proliferative capacities. Such a vast number of action mechanisms may be also due to the number of structurally different anthocyanins plus their related derivatives. In this review, we highlight the recent advances on the potential use of anthocyanins in biological systems with particular focus on their photoprotective properties. Topics such as skin aging and eye degenerative diseases, highly influenced by light, and the action of anthocyanins against such damages will be discussed. Photodynamic Therapy and the potential role of anthocyanins as novel photosensitizers will be also a central theme of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Joana Oliveira
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (H.O.); (P.C.); (A.R.P.); (P.A.); (N.M.); (V.d.F.)
| | - Iva Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (H.O.); (P.C.); (A.R.P.); (P.A.); (N.M.); (V.d.F.)
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Oliveira H, Fernandes A, F. Brás N, Mateus N, de Freitas V, Fernandes I. Anthocyanins as Antidiabetic Agents-In Vitro and In Silico Approaches of Preventive and Therapeutic Effects. Molecules 2020; 25:E3813. [PMID: 32825758 PMCID: PMC7504281 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many efforts have been made in the past two decades into the search for novel natural and less-toxic anti-diabetic agents. Some clinical trials have assigned this ability to anthocyanins, although different factors like the food source, the amount ingested, the matrix effect and the time of consumption (before or after a meal) seem to result in contradictory conclusions. The possible mechanisms involved in these preventive or therapeutic effects will be discussed-giving emphasis to the latest in vitro and in silico approaches. Therapeutic strategies to counteract metabolic alterations related to hyperglycemia and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) may include: (a) Inhibition of carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes; (b) reduction of glucose transporters expression or activity; (c) inhibition of glycogenolysis and (d) modulation of gut microbiota by anthocyanin breakdown products. These strategies may be achieved through administration of individual anthocyanins or by functional foods containing complexes of anthocyanin:carbohydrate:protein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Iva Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (H.O.); (A.F.); (N.F.B.); (N.M.); (V.d.F.)
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50
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Blueberry Extracts as a Novel Approach to Prevent Ozone-Induced Cutaneous Inflammasome Activation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:9571490. [PMID: 32855770 PMCID: PMC7443250 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9571490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization estimates that 7 million people die every year due to pollution exposure. Among the different pollutants to which living organism are exposed, ozone (O3) represents one of the most toxic, because its location which is the skin is one of the direct tissues exposed to the outdoor environment. Chronic exposure to outdoor stressors can alter cutaneous redox state resulting in the activation of inflammatory pathways. Recently, a new player in the inflammation mechanism was discovered: the multiprotein complex NLRP1 inflammasome, which has been shown to be also expressed in the skin. The topical application of natural compounds has been studied for the last 40 years as a possible approach to prevent and eventually cure skin conditions. Recently, the possibility to use blueberry (BB) extract to prevent pollution-induced skin toxicity has been of great interest in the cosmeceutical industry. In the present study, we analyzed the cutaneous protective effect of BB extract in several skin models (2D, 3D, and human skin explants). Specifically, we observed that in the different skin models used, BB extracts were able to enhance keratinocyte wound closure and normalize proliferation and migration responses previously altered by O3. In addition, pretreatment with BB extracts was able to prevent ozone-induced ROS production and inflammasome activation measured as NRLP1-ASC scaffold formation and also prevent the transcripts of key inflammasome players such as CASP1 and IL-18, suggesting that this approach as a possible new technology to prevent cutaneous pollution damage. Our data support the hypothesis that BB extracts can effectively reduce skin inflammation and be a possible new technology against cutaneous pollution-induced damage.
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