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Augustine-Wofford K, Connaughton VP, McCarthy E. Are Hyperglycemia-Induced Changes in the Retina Associated with Diabetes-Correlated Changes in the Brain? A Review from Zebrafish and Rodent Type 2 Diabetes Models. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:477. [PMID: 39056672 PMCID: PMC11273949 DOI: 10.3390/biology13070477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes is prevalent worldwide, with >90% of the cases identified as Type 2 diabetes. High blood sugar (hyperglycemia) is the hallmark symptom of diabetes, with prolonged and uncontrolled levels contributing to subsequent complications. Animal models have been used to study these complications, which include retinopathy, nephropathy, and peripheral neuropathy. More recent studies have focused on cognitive behaviors due to the increased risk of dementia/cognitive deficits that are reported to occur in older Type 2 diabetic patients. In this review, we collate the data reported from specific animal models (i.e., mouse, rat, zebrafish) that have been examined for changes in both retina/vision (retinopathy) and brain/cognition, including db/db mice, Goto-Kakizaki rats, Zucker Diabetic Fatty rats, high-fat diet-fed rodents and zebrafish, and hyperglycemic zebrafish induced by glucose immersion. These models were selected because rodents are widely recognized as established models for studying diabetic complications, while zebrafish represent a newer model in this field. Our goal is to (1) summarize the published findings relevant to these models, (2) identify similarities in cellular mechanisms underlying the disease progression that occur in both tissues, and (3) address the hypothesis that hyperglycemic-induced changes in retina precede or predict later complications in brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victoria P. Connaughton
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA; (K.A.-W.); (E.M.)
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - Elizabeth McCarthy
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA; (K.A.-W.); (E.M.)
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA
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2
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Hossen F, Geng X, Sun GY, Yao X, Lee JC. Oligomeric Amyloid-β and Tau Alter Cell Adhesion Properties and Induce Inflammatory Responses in Cerebral Endothelial Cells Through the RhoA/ROCK Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04138-z. [PMID: 38561558 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04138-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Dysfunction of cerebral endothelial cells (CECs) has been implicated in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite evidence showing cytotoxic effects of oligomeric amyloid-β (oAβ) and Tau (oTau) in the central nervous system, their direct effects on CECs have not been fully investigated. In this study, we examined the direct effects of oAβ, oTau, and their combination on cell adhesion properties and inflammatory responses in CECs. We found that both oAβ and oTau increased cell stiffness, as well as the p-selectin/Sialyl-LewisX (sLeX) bonding-mediated membrane tether force and probability of adhesion in CECs. Consistent with these biomechanical alterations, treatments with oAβ or oTau also increased actin polymerization and the expression of p-selectin at the cell surface. These toxic oligomeric peptides also triggered inflammatory responses, including upregulations of p-NF-kB p65, IL-1β, and TNF-α. In addition, they rapidly activated the RhoA/ROCK pathway. These biochemical and biomechanical changes were further enhanced by the treatment with the combination of oAβ and oTau, which were significantly suppressed by Fasudil, a specific inhibitor for the RhoA/ROCK pathway. In conclusion, our data suggest that oAβ, oTau, and their combination triggered subcellular mechanical alterations and inflammatory responses in CECs through the RhoA/ROCK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faruk Hossen
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Xue Geng
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Grace Y Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Xincheng Yao
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - James C Lee
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
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3
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Power L, Friedman A, Bardouille T. Atypical paroxysmal slow cortical activity in healthy adults: Relationship to age and cognitive performance. Neurobiol Aging 2024; 136:44-57. [PMID: 38309051 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Paroxysmal patterns of slow cortical activity have been detected in EEG recordings from individuals with age-related neuropathology and have been shown to be correlated with cognitive dysfunction and blood-brain barrier disruption in these participants. The prevalence of these events in healthy participants, however, has not been studied. In this work, we inspect MEG recordings from 623 healthy participants from the Cam-CAN dataset for the presence of paroxysmal slow wave events (PSWEs). PSWEs were detected in approximately 20% of healthy participants in the dataset, and participants with PSWEs tended to be older and have lower cognitive performance than those without PSWEs. In addition, event features changed linearly with age and cognitive performance, resulting in longer and slower events in older adults, and more widespread events in those with low cognitive performance. These findings provide the first evidence of PSWEs in a subset of purportedly healthy adults. Going forward, these events may have utility as a diagnostic biomarker for atypical brain activity in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Power
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Alon Friedman
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Timothy Bardouille
- Department of Physics & Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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4
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Chen X, Luo J, Song M, Pan L, Qu Z, Huang B, Yu S, Shu H. Challenges and prospects in geriatric epilepsy treatment: the role of the blood-brain barrier in pharmacotherapy and drug delivery. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1342366. [PMID: 38389560 PMCID: PMC10882099 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1342366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is pivotal in maintaining neuronal physiology within the brain. This review delves into the alterations of the BBB specifically in the context of geriatric epilepsy. We examine how age-related changes in the BBB contribute to the pathogenesis of epilepsy in the elderly and present significant challenges in pharmacotherapy. Subsequently, we evaluate recent advancements in drug delivery methods targeting the BBB, as well as alternative approaches that could bypass the BBB's restrictive nature. We particularly highlight the use of neurotropic viruses and various synthetic nanoparticles that have been investigated for delivering a range of antiepileptic drugs. Additionally, the advantage and limitation of these diverse delivery methods are discussed. Finally, we analyze the potential efficacy of different drug delivery approaches in the treatment of geriatric epilepsy, aiming to provide insights into more effective management of this condition in the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Western Theater General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Juan Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Western Theater General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Western Theater General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, Western Theater General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhichuang Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Meishan City People's Hospital, Meishan, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Burn and Plastic, Western Theater General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Sixun Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Western Theater General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Haifeng Shu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Western Theater General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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5
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Chandra PK, Panner Selvam MK, Castorena-Gonzalez JA, Rutkai I, Sikka SC, Mostany R, Busija DW. Fibrinogen in mice cerebral microvessels induces blood-brain barrier dysregulation with aging via a dynamin-related protein 1-dependent pathway. GeroScience 2024; 46:395-415. [PMID: 37897653 PMCID: PMC10828490 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00988-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported evidence that oxidative stress during aging leads to adverse protein profile changes of brain cortical microvessels (MVs: end arterioles, capillaries, and venules) that affect mRNA/protein stability, basement membrane integrity, and ATP synthesis capacity in mice. As an extension of our previous study, we also found that proteins which comprise the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and regulate mitochondrial quality control were also significantly decreased in the mice's cortical MVs with aging. Interestingly, the neuroinflammatory protein fibrinogen (Fgn) was increased in mice brain MVs, which corresponds with clinical reports indicating that the plasma Fgn concentration increased progressively with aging. In this study, protein-protein interaction network analysis indicated that high expression of Fgn is linked with downregulated expression of both BBB- and mitochondrial fission/fusion-related proteins in mice cortical MVs with aging. To investigate the mechanism of Fgn action, we observed that 2 mg/mL or higher concentration of human plasma Fgn changed cell morphology, induced cytotoxicity, and increased BBB permeability in primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs). The BBB tight junction proteins were significantly decreased with increasing concentration of human plasma Fgn in primary HBMECs. Similarly, the expression of phosphorylated dynamin-related protein 1 (pDRP1) and other mitochondrial fission/fusion-related proteins were also significantly reduced in Fgn-treated HBMECs. Interestingly, DRP1 knockdown by shRNA(h) resulted in the reduction of both BBB- and mitochondrial fission/fusion-related proteins in HBMECs. Our results suggest that elevated Fgn downregulates DRP1, leading to mitochondrial-dependent endothelial and BBB dysfunction in the brain microvasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha K Chandra
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, 200 Flower Hall, 6823 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA.
| | - Manesh Kumar Panner Selvam
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Jorge A Castorena-Gonzalez
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Ibolya Rutkai
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, 200 Flower Hall, 6823 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Suresh C Sikka
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Ricardo Mostany
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, 200 Flower Hall, 6823 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - David W Busija
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, 200 Flower Hall, 6823 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
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Kyung J, Kim D, Shin K, Park D, Hong SC, Kim TM, Choi EK, Kim YB. Repeated Intravenous Administration of Human Neural Stem Cells Producing Choline Acetyltransferase Exerts Anti-Aging Effects in Male F344 Rats. Cells 2023; 12:2711. [PMID: 38067139 PMCID: PMC10706332 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Major features of aging might be progressive decreases in cognitive function and physical activity, in addition to withered appearance. Previously, we reported that the intracerebroventricular injection of human neural stem cells (NSCs named F3) encoded the choline acetyltransferase gene (F3.ChAT). The cells secreted acetylcholine and growth factors (GFs) and neurotrophic factors (NFs), thereby improving learning and memory function as well as the physical activity of aged animals. In this study, F344 rats (10 months old) were intravenously transplanted with F3 or F3.ChAT NSCs (1 × 106 cells) once a month to the 21st month of age. Their physical activity and cognitive function were investigated, and brain acetylcholine (ACh) and cholinergic and dopaminergic system markers were analyzed. Neuroprotective and neuroregenerative activities of stem cells were also confirmed by analyzing oxidative damages, neuronal skeletal protein, angiogenesis, brain and muscle weights, and proliferating host stem cells. Stem cells markedly improved both cognitive and physical functions, in parallel with the elevation in ACh levels in cerebrospinal fluid and muscles, in which F3.ChAT cells were more effective than F3 parental cells. Stem cell transplantation downregulated CCL11 and recovered GFs and NFs in the brain, leading to restoration of microtubule-associated protein 2 as well as functional markers of cholinergic and dopaminergic systems, along with neovascularization. Stem cells also restored muscular GFs and NFs, resulting in increased angiogenesis and muscle mass. In addition, stem cells enhanced antioxidative capacity, attenuating oxidative damage to the brain and muscles. The results indicate that NSCs encoding ChAT improve cognitive function and physical activity of aging animals by protecting and recovering functions of multiple organs, including cholinergic and dopaminergic systems, as well as muscles from oxidative injuries through secretion of ACh and GFs/NFs, increased antioxidant elements, and enhanced blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jangbeen Kyung
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Dajeong Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungha Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongsun Park
- Department of Biology Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju 28173, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Cheol Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Myoung Kim
- Central Research Institute, Designed Cells Co., Ltd., Cheongju 28576, Republic of Korea
| | - Ehn-Kyoung Choi
- Central Research Institute, Designed Cells Co., Ltd., Cheongju 28576, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Bae Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
- Central Research Institute, Designed Cells Co., Ltd., Cheongju 28576, Republic of Korea
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7
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Alexander C, Parsaee A, Vasefi M. Polyherbal and Multimodal Treatments: Kaempferol- and Quercetin-Rich Herbs Alleviate Symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1453. [PMID: 37998052 PMCID: PMC10669725 DOI: 10.3390/biology12111453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder impairing cognition and memory in the elderly. This disorder has a complex etiology, including senile plaque and neurofibrillary tangle formation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and damaged neuroplasticity. Current treatment options are limited, so alternative treatments such as herbal medicine could suppress symptoms while slowing cognitive decline. We followed PRISMA guidelines to identify potential herbal treatments, their associated medicinal phytochemicals, and the potential mechanisms of these treatments. Common herbs, including Ginkgo biloba, Camellia sinensis, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Cyperus rotundus, and Buplerum falcatum, produced promising pre-clinical results. These herbs are rich in kaempferol and quercetin, flavonoids with a polyphenolic structure that facilitate multiple mechanisms of action. These mechanisms include the inhibition of Aβ plaque formation, a reduction in tau hyperphosphorylation, the suppression of oxidative stress, and the modulation of BDNF and PI3K/AKT pathways. Using pre-clinical findings from quercetin research and the comparatively limited data on kaempferol, we proposed that kaempferol ameliorates the neuroinflammatory state, maintains proper cellular function, and restores pro-neuroplastic signaling. In this review, we discuss the anti-AD mechanisms of quercetin and kaempferol and their limitations, and we suggest a potential alternative treatment for AD. Our findings lead us to conclude that a polyherbal kaempferol- and quercetin-rich cocktail could treat AD-related brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Alexander
- Department of Biology, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77705, USA
| | - Ali Parsaee
- Biological Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Maryam Vasefi
- Department of Biology, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77705, USA
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8
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Jazaeri SZ, Taghizadeh G, Babaei JF, Goudarzi S, Saadatmand P, Joghataei MT, Khanahmadi Z. Aquaporin 4 beyond a water channel; participation in motor, sensory, cognitive and psychological performances, a comprehensive review. Physiol Behav 2023; 271:114353. [PMID: 37714320 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is a protein highly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) as well as various other organs, whose different sites of action indicate its importance in various functions. AQP4 has a variety of essential roles beyond water homeostasis. In this article, we have for the first time summarized different roles of AQP4 in motor and sensory functions, besides cognitive and psychological performances, and most importantly, possible physiological mechanisms by which AQP4 can exert its effects. Furthermore, we demonstrated that AQP4 participates in pathology of different neurological disorders, various effects depending on the disease type. Since neurological diseases involve a spectrum of dysfunctions and due to the difficulty of obtaining a treatment that can simultaneously affect these deficits, it is therefore suggested that future studies consider the role of this protein in different functional impairments related to neurological disorders simultaneously or separately by targeting AQP4 expression and/or polarity modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyede Zohreh Jazaeri
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Division of Neuroscience, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghorban Taghizadeh
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Javad Fahanik Babaei
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Goudarzi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Saadatmand
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Joghataei
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Division of Neuroscience, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Innovation in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa University, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Zohreh Khanahmadi
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Services, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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9
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Turkheimer FE, Veronese M, Mondelli V, Cash D, Pariante CM. Sickness behaviour and depression: An updated model of peripheral-central immunity interactions. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 111:202-210. [PMID: 37076054 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Current research into mood disorders indicates that circulating immune mediators participating in the pathophysiology of chronic somatic disorders have potent influences on brain function. This paradigm has brought to the fore the use of anti-inflammatory therapies as adjunctive to standard antidepressant therapy to improve treatment efficacy, particularly in subjects that do not respond to standard medication. Such new practice requires biomarkers to tailor these new therapies to those most likely to benefit but also validated mechanisms of action describing the interaction between peripheral immunity and brain function to optimize target intervention. These mechanisms are generally studied in preclinical models that try to recapitulate the human disease, MDD, through peripherally induced sickness behaviour. In this proposal paper, after an appraisal of the data in rodent models and their adherence to the data in clinical cohorts, we put forward a modified model of periphery-brain interactions that goes beyond the currently established view of microglia cells as the drivers of depression. Instead, we suggest that, for most patients with mild levels of peripheral inflammation, brain barriers are the primary actors in the pathophysiology of the disease and in treatment resistance. We then highlight data gaps in this proposal and suggest novel lines of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico E Turkheimer
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Mattia Veronese
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Valeria Mondelli
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Cash
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carmine M Pariante
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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10
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Butler MJ, Sengupta S, Muscat SM, Amici SA, Biltz RG, Deems NP, Dravid P, Mackey-Alfonso S, Ijaz H, Bettes MN, Godbout JP, Kapoor A, Guerau-de-Arellano M, Barrientos RM. CD8 + T cells contribute to diet-induced memory deficits in aged male rats. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 109:235-250. [PMID: 36764399 PMCID: PMC10124165 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that short-term (3-day) high fat diet (HFD) consumption induces a neuroinflammatory response and subsequent impairment of long-term memory in aged, but not young adult, male rats. However, the immune cell phenotypes driving this proinflammatory response are not well understood. Previously, we showed that microglia isolated from young and aged rats fed a HFD express similar levels of priming and proinflammatory transcripts, suggesting that additional factors may drive the exaggerated neuroinflammatory response selectively observed in aged HFD-fed rats. It is established that T cells infiltrate both the young and especially the aged central nervous system (CNS) and contribute to immune surveillance of the parenchyma. Thus, we investigated the modulating role of short-term HFD on T cell presence in the CNS in aged rats using bulk RNA sequencing and flow cytometry. RNA sequencing results indicate that aging and HFD altered the expression of genes and signaling pathways associated with T cell signaling, immune cell trafficking, and neuroinflammation. Moreover, flow cytometry data showed that aging alone increased CD4+ and CD8+ T cell presence in the brain and that CD8+, but not CD4+, T cells were further increased in aged rats fed a HFD. Based on these data, we selectively depleted circulating CD8+ T cells via an intravenous injection of an anti-CD8 antibody in aged rats prior to 3 days of HFD to infer the functional role these cells may be playing in long-term memory and neuroinflammation. Results indicate that peripheral depletion of CD8+ T cells lowered hippocampal cytokine levels and prevented the HFD-induced i) increase in brain CD8+ T cells, ii) memory impairment, and iii) alterations in pre- and post-synaptic structures in the hippocampus and amygdala. Together, these data indicate a substantial role for CD8+ T cells in mediating diet-induced memory impairments in aged male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Butler
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Shouvonik Sengupta
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Stephanie M Muscat
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Stephanie A Amici
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rebecca G Biltz
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nicholas P Deems
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Piyush Dravid
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Center for Vaccines and Immunity, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Sabrina Mackey-Alfonso
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Haanya Ijaz
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Menaz N Bettes
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan P Godbout
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Amit Kapoor
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Center for Vaccines and Immunity, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Mireia Guerau-de-Arellano
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ruth M Barrientos
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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11
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Preininger MK, Zaytseva D, Lin JM, Kaufer D. Blood-brain barrier dysfunction promotes astrocyte senescence through albumin-induced TGFβ signaling activation. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13747. [PMID: 36606305 PMCID: PMC9924950 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier dysfunction (BBBD) and accumulation of senescent astrocytes occur during brain aging and contribute to neuroinflammation and disease. Here, we explored the relationship between these two age-related events, hypothesizing that chronic hippocampal exposure to the blood-borne protein serum albumin could induce stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) in astrocytes via transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ) signaling. We found that 1 week of albumin exposure significantly increased TGFβ signaling and senescence marker expression in cultured rat hippocampal astrocytes. These changes were preventable by pharmacological inhibition of the type I TGFβ receptor (TGFβR) ALK5. To study these effects in vivo, we utilized an animal model of BBBD in which albumin was continuously infused into the lateral ventricles of adult mice. Consistent with our in vitro results, 1 week of albumin infusion significantly increased TGFβ signaling activation and the burden of senescent astrocytes in hippocampal tissue. Pharmacological inhibition of ALK5 TGFβR or conditional genetic knockdown of astrocytic TGFβR prior to albumin infusion was sufficient to prevent albumin-induced astrocyte senescence. Together, these results establish a link between TGFβ signaling activation and astrocyte senescence and suggest that prolonged exposure to serum albumin due to BBBD can trigger these phenotypic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela K. Preininger
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Molecular and Cell BiologyUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Dasha Zaytseva
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
- Department of BiologySan Francisco State UniversitySan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jessica May Lin
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Daniela Kaufer
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
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12
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Costa HN, Esteves AR, Empadinhas N, Cardoso SM. Parkinson's Disease: A Multisystem Disorder. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:113-124. [PMID: 35994167 PMCID: PMC9849652 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00934-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The way sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) is perceived has undergone drastic changes in recent decades. For a long time, PD was considered a brain disease characterized by motor disturbances; however, the identification of several risk factors and the hypothesis that PD has a gastrointestinal onset have shed additional light. Today, after recognition of prodromal non-motor symptoms and the pathological processes driving their evolution, there is a greater understanding of the involvement of other organ systems. For this reason, PD is increasingly seen as a multiorgan and multisystemic pathology that arises from the interaction of susceptible genetic factors with a challenging environment during aging-related decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Nunes Costa
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Raquel Esteves
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nuno Empadinhas
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra Morais Cardoso
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.
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13
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Hobin K, Costas-Rodríguez M, Van Wonterghem E, Vandenbroucke RE, Vanhaecke F. High-Precision Isotopic Analysis of Cu and Fe via Multi-Collector Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry Reveals Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Effects in Blood Plasma and Brain Tissues. Front Chem 2022; 10:896279. [PMID: 35783204 PMCID: PMC9241339 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.896279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The concentration and the isotopic composition of the redox-active essential elements Cu and Fe were investigated in blood plasma and specific brain regions (hippocampus, cortex, brain stem and cerebellum) of mice to assess potential alterations associated with sepsis-associated encephalopathy induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration. Samples were collected from young (16-22 weeks) and aged (44-65 weeks) mice after intraperitoneal injection of the LPS, an endotoxin inducing neuroinflammation, and from age- and sex-matched controls, injected with phosphate-buffered saline solution. Sector-field single-collector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry was relied upon for elemental analysis and multi-collector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry for isotopic analysis. Significant variations were observed for the Cu concentration and for the Cu and Fe isotope ratios in the blood plasma. Concentrations and isotope ratios of Cu and Fe also varied across the brain tissues. An age- and an inflammatory-related effect was found affecting the isotopic compositions of blood plasma Cu and cerebellum Fe, whereas a regional Cu isotopic redistribution was found within the brain tissues. These findings demonstrate that isotopic analysis of essential mineral elements picks up metabolic changes not revealed by element quantification, making the two approaches complementary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Hobin
- Atomic and Mass Spectrometry - A&MS Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marta Costas-Rodríguez
- Atomic and Mass Spectrometry - A&MS Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elien Van Wonterghem
- Barriers in Inflammation Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roosmarijn E Vandenbroucke
- Barriers in Inflammation Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank Vanhaecke
- Atomic and Mass Spectrometry - A&MS Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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14
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Xia Z, Gao M, Sheng P, Shen M, Zhao L, Gao L, Yan B. Fe 3O 4 Nanozymes Improve Neuroblast Differentiation and Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity of the Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus in D-Galactose-Induced Aged Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126463. [PMID: 35742908 PMCID: PMC9224281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a process associated with blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage and the reduction in neurogenesis, and is the greatest known risk factor for neurodegenerative disorders. However, the effects of Fe3O4 nanozymes on neurogenesis have rarely been studied. This study examined the effects of Fe3O4 nanozymes on neuronal differentiation in the dentate gyrus (DG) and BBB integrity of D-galactose-induced aged mice. Long-term treatment with Fe3O4 nanozymes (10 μg/mL diluted in ddH2O daily) markedly increased the doublecortin (DCX) immunoreactivity and decreased BBB injury induced by D-galactose treatment. In addition, the decreases in the levels of antioxidant proteins including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase as well as autophagy-related proteins such as Becin-1, LC3II/I, and Atg7 induced by D-galactose treatment were significantly ameliorated by Fe3O4 nanozymes in the DG of the mouse hippocampus. Furthermore, Fe3O4 nanozyme treatment showed an inhibitory effect against apoptosis in the hippocampus. In conclusion, Fe3O4 nanozymes can relieve neuroblast damage and promote neuroblast differentiation in the hippocampal DG by regulating oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China; (Z.X.); (M.G.); (P.S.); (M.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Manman Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China; (Z.X.); (M.G.); (P.S.); (M.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Peng Sheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China; (Z.X.); (M.G.); (P.S.); (M.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Mengmeng Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China; (Z.X.); (M.G.); (P.S.); (M.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lin Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China; (Z.X.); (M.G.); (P.S.); (M.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lizeng Gao
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
| | - Bingchun Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China; (Z.X.); (M.G.); (P.S.); (M.S.); (L.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-514-87992215
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15
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Rudge JD. A New Hypothesis for Alzheimer’s Disease: The Lipid Invasion Model. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2022; 6:129-161. [PMID: 35530118 PMCID: PMC9028744 DOI: 10.3233/adr-210299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper proposes a new hypothesis for Alzheimer’s disease (AD)—the lipid invasion model. It argues that AD results from external influx of free fatty acids (FFAs) and lipid-rich lipoproteins into the brain, following disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The lipid invasion model explains how the influx of albumin-bound FFAs via a disrupted BBB induces bioenergetic changes and oxidative stress, stimulates microglia-driven neuroinflammation, and causes anterograde amnesia. It also explains how the influx of external lipoproteins, which are much larger and more lipid-rich, especially more cholesterol-rich, than those normally present in the brain, causes endosomal-lysosomal abnormalities and overproduction of the peptide amyloid-β (Aβ). This leads to the formation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, the most well-known hallmarks of AD. The lipid invasion model argues that a key role of the BBB is protecting the brain from external lipid access. It shows how the BBB can be damaged by excess Aβ, as well as by most other known risk factors for AD, including aging, apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4), and lifestyle factors such as hypertension, smoking, obesity, diabetes, chronic sleep deprivation, stress, and head injury. The lipid invasion model gives a new rationale for what we already know about AD, explaining its many associated risk factors and neuropathologies, including some that are less well-accounted for in other explanations of AD. It offers new insights and suggests new ways to prevent, detect, and treat this destructive disease and potentially other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D’Arcy Rudge
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, United Kingdom
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16
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Zhou AL, Sharda N, Sarma VV, Ahlschwede KM, Curran GL, Tang X, Poduslo JF, Kalari KR, Lowe VJ, Kandimalla KK. Age-Dependent Changes in the Plasma and Brain Pharmacokinetics of Amyloid-β Peptides and Insulin. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 85:1031-1044. [PMID: 34924382 PMCID: PMC10846947 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age is the most common risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the hallmarks of toxic amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau tangles. Moreover, sub-physiological brain insulin levels have emerged as a pathological manifestation of AD. OBJECTIVE Identify age-related changes in the plasma disposition and blood-brain barrier (BBB) trafficking of Aβ peptides and insulin in mice. METHODS Upon systemic injection of 125I-Aβ40, 125I-Aβ42, or 125I-insulin, the plasma pharmacokinetics and brain influx were assessed in wild-type (WT) or AD transgenic (APP/PS1) mice at various ages. Additionally, publicly available single-cell RNA-Seq data [GSE129788] was employed to investigate pathways regulating BBB transport in WT mice at different ages. RESULTS The brain influx of 125I-Aβ40, estimated as the permeability-surface area product, decreased with age, accompanied by an increase in plasma AUC. In contrast, the brain influx of 125I-Aβ42 increased with age, accompanied by a decrease in plasma AUC. The age-dependent changes observed in WT mice were accelerated in APP/PS1 mice. As seen with 125I-Aβ40, the brain influx of 125I-insulin decreased with age in WT mice, accompanied by an increase in plasma AUC. This finding was further supported by dynamic single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging studies. RAGE and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways at the BBB, which are implicated in Aβ and insulin transcytosis, respectively, were upregulated with age in WT mice, indicating BBB insulin resistance. CONCLUSION Aging differentially affects the plasma pharmacokinetics and brain influx of Aβ isoforms and insulin in a manner that could potentially augment AD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L. Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Brain Barriers Research Center, University of Minnesota, College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Nidhi Sharda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Brain Barriers Research Center, University of Minnesota, College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Vidur V. Sarma
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Brain Barriers Research Center, University of Minnesota, College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kristen M. Ahlschwede
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, College of Pharmacy, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Geoffry L. Curran
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Xiaojia Tang
- Department of Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Joseph F. Poduslo
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Krishna R. Kalari
- Department of Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Val J. Lowe
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Karunya K. Kandimalla
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Brain Barriers Research Center, University of Minnesota, College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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17
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Al Ojaimi Y, Blin T, Lamamy J, Gracia M, Pitiot A, Denevault-Sabourin C, Joubert N, Pouget JP, Gouilleux-Gruart V, Heuzé-Vourc'h N, Lanznaster D, Poty S, Sécher T. Therapeutic antibodies - natural and pathological barriers and strategies to overcome them. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 233:108022. [PMID: 34687769 PMCID: PMC8527648 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-based therapeutics have become a major class of therapeutics with over 120 recombinant antibodies approved or under review in the EU or US. This therapeutic class has experienced a remarkable expansion with an expected acceleration in 2021-2022 due to the extraordinary global response to SARS-CoV2 pandemic and the public disclosure of over a hundred anti-SARS-CoV2 antibodies. Mainly delivered intravenously, alternative delivery routes have emerged to improve antibody therapeutic index and patient comfort. A major hurdle for antibody delivery and efficacy as well as the development of alternative administration routes, is to understand the different natural and pathological barriers that antibodies face as soon as they enter the body up to the moment they bind to their target antigen. In this review, we discuss the well-known and more under-investigated extracellular and cellular barriers faced by antibodies. We also discuss some of the strategies developed in the recent years to overcome these barriers and increase antibody delivery to its site of action. A better understanding of the biological barriers that antibodies have to face will allow the optimization of antibody delivery near its target. This opens the way to the development of improved therapy with less systemic side effects and increased patients' adherence to the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara Al Ojaimi
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Inserm, 37000 Tours, France; University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Timothée Blin
- University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; UMR 1100, CEPR, Inserm, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Juliette Lamamy
- University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; GICC, EA7501, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Matthieu Gracia
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier F-34298, France
| | - Aubin Pitiot
- University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; UMR 1100, CEPR, Inserm, 37000 Tours, France
| | | | - Nicolas Joubert
- University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; GICC, EA7501, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Pouget
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier F-34298, France
| | | | | | - Débora Lanznaster
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Inserm, 37000 Tours, France; University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Sophie Poty
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier F-34298, France
| | - Thomas Sécher
- University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; UMR 1100, CEPR, Inserm, 37000 Tours, France
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18
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Cardona MI, Afi A, Lakicevic N, Thyrian JR. Physical Activity Interventions and Their Effects on Cognitive Function in People with Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168753. [PMID: 34444501 PMCID: PMC8394441 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) has emerged as an alternative nonpharmacological approach to effectively address the effects of dementia. The primary aim was to identify and summarize PA interventions and their effects on cognitive function among persons with dementia (PwD). METHODS A systematic review was conducted with a meta-analysis using different electronic databases, such as PubMed, Embase, APA PsycNET, and the Web of Science. The identified and selected studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that were written in English, published between 2000 and 2020, and implemented among PwD who received a PA intervention and whose cognitive function was measured at baseline and during a follow-up. RESULTS Twenty-two PA intervention studies met the eligibility criteria and showed a medium-size effect on the cognitive function of PwD, 0.4803 (95% CI = 0.1901-0.7704), with a high percentage of heterogeneity (I2 = 86%, p ≤ 0.0001). Moreover, this review complements other reviews by including eight studies that have not previously been considered. Overall, studies have methodological limitations. However, six studies implemented in the past five years have shown more robust methodological designs, including larger sample sizes and more comprehensive measurement tools. CONCLUSION It is not yet possible to draw a conclusion on the ideal PA intervention for this population due to the high proportion of heterogeneity within the included studies. More emphasis is needed on the intensity of PA monitoring and adherence to such programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Isabel Cardona
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Ellernholzstr. 1–2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (A.A.); (J.R.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-383-486-7593; Fax: +49-383-4861-9551
| | - Adel Afi
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Ellernholzstr. 1–2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (A.A.); (J.R.T.)
| | - Nemanja Lakicevic
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Jochen René Thyrian
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Ellernholzstr. 1–2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (A.A.); (J.R.T.)
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Ellernholzstraße 1–2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
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19
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Zimmerman B, Rypma B, Gratton G, Fabiani M. Age-related changes in cerebrovascular health and their effects on neural function and cognition: A comprehensive review. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13796. [PMID: 33728712 PMCID: PMC8244108 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The process of aging includes changes in cellular biology that affect local interactions between cells and their environments and eventually propagate to systemic levels. In the brain, where neurons critically depend on an efficient and dynamic supply of oxygen and glucose, age-related changes in the complex interaction between the brain parenchyma and the cerebrovasculature have effects on health and functioning that negatively impact cognition and play a role in pathology. Thus, cerebrovascular health is considered one of the main mechanisms by which a healthy lifestyle, such as habitual cardiorespiratory exercise and a healthful diet, could lead to improved cognitive outcomes with aging. This review aims at detailing how the physiology of the cerebral vascular system changes with age and how these changes lead to differential trajectories of cognitive maintenance or decline. This provides a framework for generating specific mechanistic hypotheses about the efficacy of proposed interventions and lifestyle covariates that contribute to enhanced cognitive well-being. Finally, we discuss the methodological implications of age-related changes in the cerebral vasculature for human cognitive neuroscience research and propose directions for future experiments aimed at investigating age-related changes in the relationship between physiology and cognitive mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Zimmerman
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Bart Rypma
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Gabriele Gratton
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Monica Fabiani
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
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20
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Ghaffari-Nasab A, Badalzadeh R, Mohaddes G, Alipour MR. Young plasma administration mitigates depression-like behaviours in chronic mild stress-exposed aged rats by attenuating apoptosis in prefrontal cortex. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:1621-1630. [PMID: 34018261 DOI: 10.1113/ep089415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Young plasma contains several rejuvenating factors that exert beneficial effects in ageing and neurodegenerative diseases: can repeated transfusion of young plasma improve depressive behaviour in aged rats? What is the main finding and its importance? Following chronic transfusion of young plasma, depressive behaviour was improved in the depression model of aged rats, which was associated with reduced apoptosis process in the prefrontal cortex. ABSTRACT Brain ageing alters brain responses to stress, playing an essential role in the pathophysiology of late-life depression. Moreover, apoptotic activity is up-regulated in the prefrontal cortex in ageing and stress-related mood disorders. Considerable evidence suggests that factors in young blood could reverse age-related dysfunctions in organs, especially in the brain. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of young plasma administration on depressive behaviours in aged rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), with a focus on the apoptosis process. Young (3 months old) and aged (22 months old) male rats were randomly assigned into four groups: young control (YC), aged control (AC), aged rats subjected to CUMS (A+CUMS) and aged rats subjected to CUMS and treated with young plasma (A+CUMS+YP). In the A+CUMS and A+CUMS+YP groups, CUMS was used to generate the depression rat model. Moreover, the A+CUMS+YP group received pooled plasma (1 ml, intravenously), collected from young rats, three times per week for 4 weeks. Young plasma administration significantly improved CUMS-induced depression-like behaviours, including decreased sucrose consumption ratio, reduced locomotor activity and prolonged immobility time. Importantly, young plasma reduced neuronal apoptosis in the prefrontal cortex that was associated with reduced TUNEL-positive cells and cleaved caspase-3 protein levels in the A+CUMS+YP compared with the A+CUMS group. Young plasma can partially improve the neuropathology of late-life depression through the apoptotic signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reza Badalzadeh
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gisou Mohaddes
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Alipour
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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21
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Frías-Anaya E, Gromnicova R, Kraev I, Rogachevsky V, Male DK, Crea F, Hawkes CA, Romero IA. Age-related ultrastructural neurovascular changes in the female mouse cortex and hippocampus. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 101:273-284. [PMID: 33579556 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown occurs in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Although age-associated alterations have previously been described, most studies focused in male brains; hence, little is known about BBB breakdown in females. This study measured ultrastructural features in the aging female BBB using transmission electron microscopy and 3-dimensional reconstruction of cortical and hippocampal capillaries from 6- and 24-month-old female C57BL/6J mice. Aged cortical capillaries showed more changes than hippocampal capillaries. Specifically, the aged cortex showed thicker basement membrane, higher number and volume of endothelial pseudopods, decreased endothelial mitochondrial number, larger pericyte mitochondria, higher pericyte-endothelial cell contact, and increased tight junction tortuosity compared with young animals. Only increased basement membrane thickness and pericyte mitochondrial volume were observed in the aged hippocampus. Regional comparison revealed significant differences in endothelial pseudopods and tight junctions between the cortex and hippocampus of 24-month-old mice. Therefore, the aging female BBB shows region-specific ultrastructural alterations that may lead to oxidative stress and abnormal capillary blood flow and barrier stability, potentially contributing to cerebrovascular diseases, particularly in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Frías-Anaya
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Radka Gromnicova
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Igor Kraev
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Vadim Rogachevsky
- Institute of Cell Biophysics RAS, Pushchino Federal Research Centre for Biological Research, Pushchino, Russia
| | - David K Male
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Francesco Crea
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Cheryl A Hawkes
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK; Department of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Ignacio A Romero
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK.
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22
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Chowen JA, Garcia-Segura LM. Role of glial cells in the generation of sex differences in neurodegenerative diseases and brain aging. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 196:111473. [PMID: 33766745 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diseases and aging-associated alterations of the nervous system often show sex-specific characteristics. Glial cells play a major role in the endogenous homeostatic response of neural tissue, and sex differences in the glial transcriptome and function have been described. Therefore, the possible role of these cells in the generation of sex differences in pathological alterations of the nervous system is reviewed here. Studies have shown that glia react to pathological insults with sex-specific neuroprotective and regenerative effects. At least three factors determine this sex-specific response of glia: sex chromosome genes, gonadal hormones and neuroactive steroid hormone metabolites. The sex chromosome complement determines differences in the transcriptional responses in glia after brain injury, while gonadal hormones and their metabolites activate sex-specific neuroprotective mechanisms in these cells. Since the sex-specific neuroprotective and regenerative activity of glial cells causes sex differences in the pathological alterations of the nervous system, glia may represent a relevant target for sex-specific therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Chowen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación la Princesa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutriciόn (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, and IMDEA Food Institute, CEIUAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luis M Garcia-Segura
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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23
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Sharma S, Nozohouri S, Vaidya B, Abbruscato T. Repurposing metformin to treat age-related neurodegenerative disorders and ischemic stroke. Life Sci 2021; 274:119343. [PMID: 33716063 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a risk factor for major central nervous system (CNS) disorders. More specifically, aging can be inked to neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) because of its deteriorating impact on neurovascular unit (NVU). Metformin, a first line FDA-approved anti-diabetic drug, has gained increasing interest among researchers for its role in improving aging-related neurodegenerative disorders. Additionally, numerous studies have illustrated metformin's role in ischemic stroke, a cerebrovascular disorder in which the NVU becomes dysfunctional which can lead to permanent life-threatening disabilities. Considering metformin's beneficial preclinical actions on various disorders, and the drug's role in alleviating severity of these conditions through involvement in commonly characterized cellular pathways, we discuss the potential of metformin as a suitable drug candidate for repurposing in CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejal Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC), Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Saeideh Nozohouri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC), Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Bhuvaneshwar Vaidya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC), Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Thomas Abbruscato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC), Amarillo, TX, USA.
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24
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Ghezzi E, Chan M, Kalisch Ellett LM, Ross TJ, Richardson K, Ho JN, Copley D, Steele C, Keage HAD. The effects of anticholinergic medications on cognition in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:219. [PMID: 33420226 PMCID: PMC7794471 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80211-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive side effects of anticholinergic medications in older adults are well documented. Whether these poor cognitive outcomes are observed in children has not been systematically investigated. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the associations between anticholinergic medication use and cognitive performance in children. Systematic review was conducted using Medline, PsychInfo, and Embase, identifying studies testing cognitive performance relative to the presence versus absence of anticholinergic medication(s) in children. We assessed effects overall, as well as relative to drug class, potency (low and high), cognitive domain, and duration of administration. The systematic search identified 46 articles suitable for meta-analysis. For the most part, random effects meta-analyses did not identify statistically significant associations between anticholinergic exposure and cognitive performance in children; the one exception was a small effect of anticholinergic anti-depressants being associated with better cognitive function (Hedges' g = 0.24, 95% CI 0.06-0.42, p = 0.01). Anticholinergic medications do not appear to be associated with poor cognitive outcomes in children, as they do in older adults. The discrepancy in findings with older adults may be due to shorter durations of exposure in children, differences in study design (predominantly experimental studies in children rather than predominantly epidemiological in older adults), biological ageing (e.g. blood brain barrier integrity), along with less residual confounding due to minimal polypharmacy and comorbidity in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Ghezzi
- Justice and Society, University of South Australia, GPO BOX 2741, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Michelle Chan
- Justice and Society, University of South Australia, GPO BOX 2741, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | | | - Tyler J Ross
- Justice and Society, University of South Australia, GPO BOX 2741, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | | | - Jun Ni Ho
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Dayna Copley
- Justice and Society, University of South Australia, GPO BOX 2741, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Claire Steele
- Justice and Society, University of South Australia, GPO BOX 2741, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Hannah A D Keage
- Justice and Society, University of South Australia, GPO BOX 2741, Adelaide, 5000, Australia.
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25
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Candelario-Jalil E, Paul S. Impact of aging and comorbidities on ischemic stroke outcomes in preclinical animal models: A translational perspective. Exp Neurol 2021; 335:113494. [PMID: 33035516 PMCID: PMC7874968 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a highly complex and devastating neurological disease. The sudden loss of blood flow to a brain region due to an ischemic insult leads to severe damage to that area resulting in the formation of an infarcted tissue, also known as the ischemic core. This is surrounded by the peri-infarct region or penumbra that denotes the functionally impaired but potentially salvageable tissue. Thus, the penumbral tissue is the main target for the development of neuroprotective strategies to minimize the extent of ischemic brain damage by timely therapeutic intervention. Given the limitations of reperfusion therapies with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator or mechanical thrombectomy, there is high enthusiasm to combine reperfusion therapy with neuroprotective strategies to further reduce the progression of ischemic brain injury. Till date, a large number of candidate neuroprotective drugs have been identified as potential therapies based on highly promising results from studies in rodent ischemic stroke models. However, none of these interventions have shown therapeutic benefits in stroke patients in clinical trials. In this review article, we discussed the urgent need to utilize preclinical models of ischemic stroke that more accurately mimic the clinical conditions in stroke patients by incorporating aged animals and animal stroke models with comorbidities. We also outlined the recent findings that highlight the significant differences in stroke outcome between young and aged animals, and how major comorbid conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity and hyperlipidemia dramatically increase the vulnerability of the brain to ischemic damage that eventually results in worse functional outcomes. It is evident from these earlier studies that including animal models of aging and comorbidities during the early stages of drug development could facilitate the identification of neuroprotective strategies with high likelihood of success in stroke clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Candelario-Jalil
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Surojit Paul
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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26
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Blevins BL, Vinters HV, Love S, Wilcock DM, Grinberg LT, Schneider JA, Kalaria RN, Katsumata Y, Gold BT, Wang DJJ, Ma SJ, Shade LMP, Fardo DW, Hartz AMS, Jicha GA, Nelson KB, Magaki SD, Schmitt FA, Teylan MA, Ighodaro ET, Phe P, Abner EL, Cykowski MD, Van Eldik LJ, Nelson PT. Brain arteriolosclerosis. Acta Neuropathol 2021; 141:1-24. [PMID: 33098484 PMCID: PMC8503820 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-020-02235-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Brain arteriolosclerosis (B-ASC), characterized by pathologic arteriolar wall thickening, is a common finding at autopsy in aged persons and is associated with cognitive impairment. Hypertension and diabetes are widely recognized as risk factors for B-ASC. Recent research indicates other and more complex risk factors and pathogenetic mechanisms. Here, we describe aspects of the unique architecture of brain arterioles, histomorphologic features of B-ASC, relevant neuroimaging findings, epidemiology and association with aging, established genetic risk factors, and the co-occurrence of B-ASC with other neuropathologic conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE). There may also be complex physiologic interactions between metabolic syndrome (e.g., hypertension and inflammation) and brain arteriolar pathology. Although there is no universally applied diagnostic methodology, several classification schemes and neuroimaging techniques are used to diagnose and categorize cerebral small vessel disease pathologies that include B-ASC, microinfarcts, microbleeds, lacunar infarcts, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). In clinical-pathologic studies that factored in comorbid diseases, B-ASC was independently associated with impairments of global cognition, episodic memory, working memory, and perceptual speed, and has been linked to autonomic dysfunction and motor symptoms including parkinsonism. We conclude by discussing critical knowledge gaps related to B-ASC and suggest that there are probably subcategories of B-ASC that differ in pathogenesis. Observed in over 80% of autopsied individuals beyond 80 years of age, B-ASC is a complex and under-studied contributor to neurologic disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney L Blevins
- Department of Neuroscience, University Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Harry V Vinters
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen SOM at UCLA and Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1732, USA
| | - Seth Love
- University of Bristol and Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Donna M Wilcock
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Neuroscience, University Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Lea T Grinberg
- Department of Neurology and Pathology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Global Brain Health Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- LIM-22, Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Departments of Neurology and Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Rajesh N Kalaria
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Yuriko Katsumata
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Biostatistics, University Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Brian T Gold
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Neuroscience, University Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Danny J J Wang
- Laboratory of FMRI Technology (LOFT), USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Samantha J Ma
- Laboratory of FMRI Technology (LOFT), USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Lincoln M P Shade
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Biostatistics, University Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - David W Fardo
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Biostatistics, University Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Anika M S Hartz
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Gregory A Jicha
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Neurology, University Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | | | - Shino D Magaki
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen SOM at UCLA and Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1732, USA
| | - Frederick A Schmitt
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Neurology, University Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Merilee A Teylan
- Department of Epidemiology, University Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | | | - Panhavuth Phe
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Erin L Abner
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Epidemiology, University Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Matthew D Cykowski
- Departments of Pathology and Genomic Medicine and Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Linda J Van Eldik
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Neuroscience, University Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Peter T Nelson
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
- Rm 311 Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, 800 S. Limestone Avenue, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
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27
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Asken BM, Elahi FM, La Joie R, Strom A, Staffaroni AM, Lindbergh CA, Apple AC, You M, Weiner-Light S, Brathaban N, Fernandes N, Karydas A, Wang P, Rojas JC, Boxer AL, Miller BL, Rabinovici GD, Kramer JH, Casaletto KB. Plasma Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Levels Differ Along the Spectra of Amyloid Burden and Clinical Disease Stage. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 78:265-276. [PMID: 32986672 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measuring plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) alongside cortical amyloid-β (Aβ) may shed light on astrocytic changes in aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVE To examine associations between plasma GFAP and cortical Aβ deposition in older adults across the typical aging-to-AD dementia spectrum. METHODS We studied two independent samples from UCSF (Cohort 1, N = 50; Cohort 2, N = 37) covering the spectra of clinical severity (CDR Sum of Boxes; CDR-SB) and Aβ-PET burden. Aβ-PET was completed with either florbetapir or Pittsburgh Compound B and standardized uptake value ratios were converted to the Centiloid (CL) scale for analyses. All participants with CDR-SB > 0 were Aβ-PET positive, while clinically normal participants (CDR-SB = 0) were a mix of Aβ-PET positive and negative. Regression analyses evaluated main effect and interaction associations between plasma GFAP, Aβ-PET, and clinical severity. RESULTS In both cohorts, plasma GFAP increased linearly with Aβ-PET CLs in clinically normal older adults. In Cohort 2, which included participants with more severe clinical dysfunction and Aβ-PET burden, the association between Aβ and GFAP became curvilinear (inverted U-shape; quadratic model R2 change = 0.165, p = 0.009), and Aβ-PET interacted with CDR-SB (R2 change = 0.164, p = 0.007): older adults with intermediate functional impairment (CDR-SB = 0.5-4.0) showed a weak (negative) association between Aβ-PET CLs and plasma GFAP, while older adults with dementia (CDR-SB > 4.0) showed a strong, negative association of higher Aβ-PET CLs with lower plasma GFAP. CONCLUSION The relationship between astrocytic integrity and cortical Aβ may be highly dynamic, with linear, positive associations early in disease that diverge in more severe disease stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breton M Asken
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Fanny M Elahi
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Renaud La Joie
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Amelia Strom
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adam M Staffaroni
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cutter A Lindbergh
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra C Apple
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michelle You
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sophia Weiner-Light
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nivetha Brathaban
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicole Fernandes
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anna Karydas
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul Wang
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julio C Rojas
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adam L Boxer
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gil D Rabinovici
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joel H Kramer
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kaitlin B Casaletto
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
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28
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Martínez de Toda I, Miguélez L, Vida C, Carro E, De la Fuente M. Altered Redox State in Whole Blood Cells from Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 71:153-163. [PMID: 31356205 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an essential and early role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Alterations in the redox state in AD and in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients appear in the brain and at peripheral level. Given that it is easier to study the latter, most of the research has been focused on plasma. However, the analysis of redox parameters in whole blood cells (including erythrocytes and leukocytes) has not really been investigated. Moreover, the association of these parameters with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) clinical scores, has scarcely been studied. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to analyze several redox markers in whole blood cells from male and female MCI and AD patients. Antioxidant (superoxide dismutase, catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and reductase (GR) activities, and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration) together with oxidant parameters (oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS)) were investigated using MCI and AD (10 women and 10 men in each group) and their age-matched control groups (15 women and 15 men). The results show an altered redox state in whole blood cells from AD patients (higher CAT, GSSG/GSH, TBARS and lower GPx, GR, GSH). Some of these redox parameters are already affected in MCI patients (higher TBARS and lower GPx and GR activities) in both sexes and, consequently, they could be used as markers of prodromal AD. Since GR, GSH, GSSG, and GSSG/GSH were found to be associated with MMSE scores, they seem to be useful clinically to monitor cognitive decline in AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Martínez de Toda
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lara Miguélez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Vida
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Carro
- Institute of Biomedical Research Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica De la Fuente
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
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29
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Tang H, Xu Y, Liu L, He L, Huang J, Pan J, He W, Wang Y, Yang X, Hou X, Xu K. Nogo-A/S1PR2 Signaling Pathway Inactivation Decreases Microvascular Damage and Enhances Microvascular Regeneration in PDMCI Mice. Neuroscience 2020; 449:21-34. [PMID: 33039527 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PDMCI) is as high as 18-55%. However, the pathological mechanism of PDMCI is not yet clear. Our previous research showed that microvascular pathology and chronic cerebral hypoperfusion participated in the occurrence and development of PDMCI. Nogo-A has been suggested to be a negative regulator of microvascular regeneration in the central nervous system. Moreover, few insights have illuminated the mechanisms of Nogo-A and microvascular pathology in PDMCI. Therefore, we hypothesized that Nogo-A might be involved in the negative regulation of PDMCI angiogenesis. In this study, C57BL/6J mice were injected with Nogo-A-specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA-Nogo-A) in the lateral ventricle and intraperitoneally injected with a combination of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and probenecid. Subjects were classified into the following five groups for the Morris water maze test: control (CON), CON + shRNA-GFP, CON + shRNA-Nogo-A, PDMCI, and PDMCI + shRNA-Nogo-A. Furthermore, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated dextran, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses were performed. The results showed that MPTP could cause spatial memory and behavioral impairment, significant microvascular impairment and increased Nogo-A expression. When Nogo-A expression was downregulated, the cognitive and microvascular impairments were alleviated, and the expression of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) and the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway were inhibited. These findings suggested that Nogo-A could bind to S1PR2, activate related signaling pathways, and lead to the inhibition of vascular remodeling in PDMCI mice. This study indicated that Nogo-A downregulation could mediate microvascular remodeling and provide further insights into the pathogenesis of PDMCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yunxian Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Department of Sports and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Liru Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Lu He
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Jingyu Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Jing Pan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Department of Sports and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Wenjie He
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xubo Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China; School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaohui Hou
- Department of Sports and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China; School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Kaishou Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
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Ma X, Liu W. Calcium signaling in brain microvascular endothelial cells and its roles in the function of the blood-brain barrier. Neuroreport 2020; 30:1271-1277. [PMID: 31688421 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays critical roles in maintaining the stability of the brain's internal milieu, providing nutrients for the brain, and preventing toxic materials from the blood from entering the brain. The cellular structure of the BBB is mainly composed of brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs), which are surrounded by astrocytic endfeet that are connected by tight junction proteins, pericytes and astrocytes. Recently, several studies have shown that aberrant increase in intracellular calcium levels in BMVECs lead to cellular metabolic disturbances and subsequent impairment of BBB integrity. Although multiple stresses can lead to intracellular calcium accumulation, inherent protective mechanisms in affected cells are subsequently activated to maintain calcium homeostasis. However, once the increase in intracellular calcium goes beyond a certain threshold, disturbances in cellular structures, protein expression, and the BBB permeability are inevitable. Here, we review recent research on the different factors regulating intracellular calcium concentrations and the mechanisms related to how calcium signaling cascades protect the BMVECs from outside injury. We also consider the potential of calcium signaling regulators as therapeutic targets for modulating intracellular calcium homeostasis and ameliorating BBB disruption in patients with calcium-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjie Ma
- Department of Intensive Care, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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31
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Kerkhofs D, van Hagen BT, Milanova IV, Schell KJ, van Essen H, Wijnands E, Goossens P, Blankesteijn WM, Unger T, Prickaerts J, Biessen EA, van Oostenbrugge RJ, Foulquier S. Pharmacological depletion of microglia and perivascular macrophages prevents Vascular Cognitive Impairment in Ang II-induced hypertension. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:9512-9527. [PMID: 32863942 PMCID: PMC7449902 DOI: 10.7150/thno.44394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Hypertension is a major risk factor for cerebral small vessel disease, the most prevalent cause of vascular cognitive impairment. As we have shown, hypertension induced by a prolonged Angiotensin II infusion is associated with increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), chronic activation of microglia and myelin loss. In this study we therefore aim to determine the contribution of microglia to hypertension-induced cognitive impairment in an experimental hypertension model by a pharmacological depletion approach. Methods: For this study, adult Cx3Cr1gfp/wtxThy1yfp/0 reporter mice were infused for 12 weeks with Angiotensin II or saline and subgroups were treated with PLX5622, a highly selective CSF1R tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured via tail-cuff. Short- and long-term spatial memory was assessed during an Object Location task and a Morris Water Maze task (MWM). Microglia depletion efficacy was assessed by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. BBB leakages, microglia phenotype and myelin integrity were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results: SBP, heart weight and carotid pulsatility were increased by Ang II and were not affected by PLX5622. Short-term memory was significantly impaired in Ang II hypertensive mice, and partly prevented in Ang II mice treated with PLX5622. Histological and flow cytometry analysis revealed almost complete ablation of microglia and a 60% depletion of brain resident perivascular macrophages upon CSF1R inhibition. Number and size of BBB leakages were increased in Ang II hypertensive mice, but not altered by PLX5622 treatment. Microglia acquired a pro-inflammatory phenotype at the site of BBB leakages in both Saline and Ang II mice and were successfully depleted by PLX5622. There was however no significant change in myelin integrity at the site of leakages. Conclusion: Our results show that depletion of microglia and PVMs, by CSF1R inhibition prevents short-term memory impairment in Ang II induced hypertensive mice. We suggest this beneficial effect is mediated by the major decrease of pro-inflammatory microglia within BBB leakages. This novel finding supports the critical role of brain immune cells in the pathogenesis of hypertension-related cognitive impairment. An adequate modulation of microglia /PVM density and phenotype may constitute a relevant approach to prevent and/or limit the progression of vascular cognitive impairment.
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Schou AS, Nielsen JE, Askeland A, Jørgensen MM. Extracellular vesicle-associated proteins as potential biomarkers. Adv Clin Chem 2020; 99:1-48. [PMID: 32951635 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2020.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Every cell in the body secretes extracellular vesicles (EVs) possibly as cellular signaling components and these cell-derivatives can be found in multiple numbers in biological fluids. EVs have in the scientific field received great attention in relation to pathophysiology and disease diagnostics. Altered protein expressions associated with circulating EVs in diseased individuals can serve as biomarkers for different disease states. This capacity paves the way for non-invasive screening tools and early diagnostic markers. However, no isolation method of EVs has been acknowledged as the "golden standard," thus reproducibility of the studies remains inadequate. Increasing interest in EV proteins as disease biomarkers could give rise to more scientific knowledge with diagnostic applicability. In this chapter, studies of proteins believed to be associated with EVs within cancer, autoimmunity, metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases have been outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Sophie Schou
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jonas Ellegaard Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anders Askeland
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Malene Møller Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
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López-González I, Tebé Cordomí C, Ferrer I. Regional Gene Expression of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Responses Does Not Predict Neurodegeneration in Aging. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2020; 76:135-150. [PMID: 28158670 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlw117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain aging is accompanied by increased oxidative stress and what has been termed "neuroinflammation," which might contribute to age-related neurodegenerative diseases. We analyzed expression in the transcription of innate inflammatory response genes in eleven representative regions including frontal, parietal, inferior temporal, cingulate, occipital, entorhinal cortex, caudate, putamen, thalamus, substantia nigra, and cerebellar vermis in aging human brains. We probed members of the complement system, colony stimulating factor receptors, toll-like receptors, and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the brains of subjects with no neurological disease and neurofibrillary tangles (mean age: 47.1 ± 5.7 years) and those with no neurological disease and neurofibrillary pathology stages I-II (mean age: 70.6 ± 6.3 years). Although the entorhinal and frontal cortex were most altered, gene regulation patterns did not match regions with increased vulnerability. Analysis of false discovery rate thresholds revealed no differences for any gene in any region between the 2 groups, including cases in which individual comparisons analyzed using Student t or nonparametric tests showed apparent differences between groups. Moreover, gene expression of major anti-oxidative stress responses did not match neuroinflammation in aging or increased regional susceptibility to major neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene López-González
- From the Institute of Neuropathology, Service of Pathologic Anatomy, Bellvitge University Hospital (IL-G, IF); Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (IL-G, CTC, IF); Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Rovira i Virgili University, Reus (CTC); Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (IF); Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona (IF); and CIBERNED (Biomedical Research Center Network for the Study of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Madrid, Spain (IF)
| | - Cristian Tebé Cordomí
- From the Institute of Neuropathology, Service of Pathologic Anatomy, Bellvitge University Hospital (IL-G, IF); Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (IL-G, CTC, IF); Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Rovira i Virgili University, Reus (CTC); Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (IF); Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona (IF); and CIBERNED (Biomedical Research Center Network for the Study of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Madrid, Spain (IF)
| | - Isidro Ferrer
- From the Institute of Neuropathology, Service of Pathologic Anatomy, Bellvitge University Hospital (IL-G, IF); Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (IL-G, CTC, IF); Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Rovira i Virgili University, Reus (CTC); Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (IF); Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona (IF); and CIBERNED (Biomedical Research Center Network for the Study of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Madrid, Spain (IF)
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Mei M, Zhou Y, Liu M, Zhao F, Wang C, Ding J, Lu M, Hu G. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of dexrazoxane on dopaminergic neuron degeneration in rodent models of Parkinson's disease. Neuropharmacology 2019; 160:107758. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Persistent Infection with Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and Alzheimer's Disease-A Call to Study How Variability in Both Virus and Host may Impact Disease. Viruses 2019; 11:v11100966. [PMID: 31635156 PMCID: PMC6833100 DOI: 10.3390/v11100966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing attention has focused on the contributions of persistent microbial infections with the manifestation of disease later in life, including neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Current data has shown the presence of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) in regions of the brain that are impacted by AD in elderly individuals. Additionally, neuronal infection with HSV-1 triggers the accumulation of amyloid beta deposits and hyperphosphorylated tau, and results in oxidative stress and synaptic dysfunction. All of these factors are implicated in the development of AD. These data highlight the fact that persistent viral infection is likely a contributing factor, rather than a sole cause of disease. Details of the correlations between HSV-1 infection and AD development are still just beginning to emerge. Future research should investigate the relative impacts of virus strain- and host-specific factors on the induction of neurodegenerative processes over time, using models such as infected neurons in vitro, and animal models in vivo, to begin to understand their relationship with cognitive dysfunction.
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36
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Tau-Reactive Endogenous Antibodies: Origin, Functionality, and Implications for the Pathophysiology of Alzheimer's Disease. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:7406810. [PMID: 31687413 PMCID: PMC6811779 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7406810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), tau pathology manifested by the accumulation of intraneuronal tangles and soluble toxic oligomers emerges as a promising therapeutic target. Multiple anti-tau antibodies inhibiting the formation and propagation of cytotoxic tau or promoting its clearance and degradation have been tested in clinical trials, albeit with the inconclusive outcome. Antibodies against tau protein have been documented both in the brain circulatory system and at the periphery, but their origin and role under normal conditions and in AD remain unclear. While it is tempting to assign them a protective role in regulating tau level and removal of toxic variants, the supportive evidence remains sporadic, requiring systematic analysis and critical evaluation. Herein, we review recent data showing the occurrence of tau-reactive antibodies in the brain and peripheral circulation and discuss their origin and significance in tau clearance. Based on the emerging evidence, we cautiously propose that impairments of tau clearance at the periphery by humoral immunity might aggravate the tau pathology in the central nervous system, with implication for the neurodegenerative process of AD.
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Bang M, Ryu O, Kim DG, Mabunga DF, Cho KS, Kim Y, Han SH, Kwon KJ, Shin CY. Tenovin-1 Induces Senescence and Decreases Wound-Healing Activity in Cultured Rat Primary Astrocytes. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2019; 27:283-289. [PMID: 30092626 PMCID: PMC6513186 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2018.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain aging induces neuropsychological changes, such as decreased memory capacity, language ability, and attention; and is also associated with neurodegenerative diseases. However, most of the studies on brain aging are focused on neurons, while senescence in astrocytes has received less attention. Astrocytes constitute the majority of cell types in the brain and perform various functions in the brain such as supporting brain structures, regulating blood-brain barrier permeability, transmitter uptake and regulation, and immunity modulation. Recent studies have shown that SIRT1 and SIRT2 play certain roles in cellular senescence in peripheral systems. Both SIRT1 and SIRT2 inhibitors delay tumor growth in vivo without significant general toxicity. In this study, we investigated the role of tenovin-1, an inhibitor of SIRT1 and SIRT2, on rat primary astrocytes where we observed senescence and other functional changes. Cellular senescence usually is characterized by irreversible cell cycle arrest and induces senescence- associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity. Tenovin-1-treated astrocytes showed increased SA-β-gal-positive cell number, senescence-associated secretory phenotypes, including IL-6 and IL-1β, and cell cycle-related proteins like phospho-histone H3 and CDK2. Along with the molecular changes, tenovin-1 impaired the wound-healing activity of cultured primary astrocytes. These data suggest that tenovin-1 can induce cellular senescence in astrocytes possibly by inhibiting SIRT1 and SIRT2, which may play particular roles in brain aging and neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Bang
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Center for Neuroscience Research, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Onjeon Ryu
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Center for Neuroscience Research, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Gyeong Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Center for Neuroscience Research, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Darine Froy Mabunga
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Center for Neuroscience Research, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Suk Cho
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Center for Neuroscience Research, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujeong Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Center for Neuroscience Research, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seol-Heui Han
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Center for Neuroscience Research, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Ja Kwon
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Center for Neuroscience Research, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Young Shin
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Center for Neuroscience Research, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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Kim YK, Nam KI, Song J. The Glymphatic System in Diabetes-Induced Dementia. Front Neurol 2018; 9:867. [PMID: 30429819 PMCID: PMC6220044 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The glymphatic system has emerged as an important player in central nervous system (CNS) diseases, by regulating the vasculature impairment, effectively controlling the clearance of toxic peptides, modulating activity of astrocytes, and being involved in the circulation of neurotransmitters in the brain. Recently, several studies have indicated decreased activity of the glymphatic pathway under diabetes conditions such as in insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. Furthermore, diabetes leads to the disruption of the blood-brain barrier and decrease of apolipoprotein E (APOE) expression and the secretion of norepinephrine in the brain, involving the impairment of the glymphatic pathway and ultimately resulting in cognitive decline. Considering the increased prevalence of diabetes-induced dementia worldwide, the relationship between the glymphatic pathway and diabetes-induced dementia should be investigated and the mechanisms underlying their relationship should be discussed to promote the development of an effective therapeutic approach in the near future. Here, we have reviewed recent evidence for the relationship between glymphatic pathway dysfunction and diabetes. We highlight that the enhancement of the glymphatic system function during sleep may be beneficial to the attenuation of neuropathology in diabetes-induced dementia. Moreover, we suggest that improving glymphatic system activity may be a potential therapeutic strategy for the prevention of diabetes-induced dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Kook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Kwang Il Nam
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea.,Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
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Abstract
By 2050, the aging population is predicted to expand by over 100%. Considering this rapid growth, and the additional strain it will place on healthcare resources because of age-related impairments, it is vital that researchers gain a deeper understanding of the cellular interactions that occur with normal aging. A variety of mammalian cell types have been shown to become compromised with age, each with a unique potential to contribute to disease formation in the aging body. Astrocytes represent the largest group of glial cells and are responsible for a variety of essential functions in the healthy central nervous system (CNS). Like other cell types, aging can cause a loss of normal function in astrocytes which reduces their ability to properly maintain a healthy CNS environment, negatively alters their interactions with neighboring cells, and contribute to the heightened inflammatory state characteristic of aging. The goal of this review article is to consolidate the knowledge and research to date regarding the role of astrocytes in aging. In specific, this review article will focus on the morphology and molecular profile of aged astrocytes, the consequence of astrocyte dysfunction on homeostatic functions during aging, and the role of astrocytes in age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra L Palmer
- Department of Neuroscience, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Shalina S Ousman
- Department of Neuroscience, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Cell Biology & Anatomy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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40
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Verheggen I, Van Boxtel M, Verhey F, Jansen J, Backes W. Interaction between blood-brain barrier and glymphatic system in solute clearance. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 90:26-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Hunter S, Smailagic N, Brayne C. Dementia Research: Populations, Progress, Problems, and Predictions. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 64:S119-S143. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-179927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sally Hunter
- Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nadja Smailagic
- Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carol Brayne
- Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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42
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Adams KV, Morshead CM. Neural stem cell heterogeneity in the mammalian forebrain. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 170:2-36. [PMID: 29902499 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The brain was long considered an organ that underwent very little change after development. It is now well established that the mammalian central nervous system contains neural stem cells that generate progeny that are capable of making new neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes throughout life. The field has advanced rapidly as it strives to understand the basic biology of these precursor cells, and explore their potential to promote brain repair. The purpose of this review is to present current knowledge about the diversity of neural stem cells in vitro and in vivo, and highlight distinctions between neural stem cell populations, throughout development, and within the niche. A comprehensive understanding of neural stem cell heterogeneity will provide insights into the cellular and molecular regulation of neural development and lifelong neurogenesis, and will guide the development of novel strategies to promote regeneration and neural repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey V Adams
- Institute of Medical Science, Terrence Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, M5S 3E2, Canada.
| | - Cindi M Morshead
- Institute of Medical Science, Terrence Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, M5S 3E2, Canada; Department of Surgery, Division of Anatomy, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, Canada; Rehabilitation Science Institute, University of Toronto, Canada.
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43
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Morgan SV, Garwood CJ, Jennings L, Simpson JE, Castelli LM, Heath PR, Mihaylov SR, Vaquéz-Villaseñor I, Minshull TC, Ince PG, Dickman MJ, Hautbergue GM, Wharton SB. Proteomic and cellular localisation studies suggest non-tight junction cytoplasmic and nuclear roles for occludin in astrocytes. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 47:1444-1456. [PMID: 29738614 PMCID: PMC6079634 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Occludin is a component of tight junctions, which are essential structural components of the blood–brain barrier. However, occludin is expressed in cells without tight junctions, implying additional functions. We determined the expression and localisation of occludin in astrocytes in cell culture and in human brain tissue, and sought novel binding partners using a proteomic approach. Expression was investigated by immunocytochemistry and immunoblotting in the 1321N1 astrocytoma cell line and ScienCell human primary astrocytes, and by immunohistochemistry in human autopsy brain tissue. Recombinant N‐ and C‐terminal occludin was used to pull‐down proteins from 1321N1 cell lysates and protein‐binding partners identified by mass spectrometry analysis. Occludin was expressed in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of astrocytes in vitro and in vivo. Mass spectrometry identified binding to nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, particularly those related to RNA metabolism and nuclear function. Occludin is expressed in several subcellular compartments of brain cell‐types that do not form tight junctions and the expression patterns in cell culture reflect those in human brain tissue, indicating they are suitable model systems. Proteomic analysis suggests that occludin has novel functions in neuroepithelial cells that are unrelated to tight junction formation. Further research will establish the roles of these functions in both cellular physiology and in disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah V Morgan
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Claire J Garwood
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Luke Jennings
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Julie E Simpson
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Lydia M Castelli
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Paul R Heath
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Simeon R Mihaylov
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Thomas C Minshull
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Paul G Ince
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Mark J Dickman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Guillaume M Hautbergue
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Stephen B Wharton
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Papadopoulos D, Shihan M, Scheiner-Bobis G. Physiological implications of DHEAS-induced non-classical steroid hormone signaling. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 179:73-78. [PMID: 29017935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In the spermatogenic cell line GC-2, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), activates the Src/Ras/c-Raf/Erk1/2/CREB(ATF-1) signaling cascade. Since DHEAS is present in the gonads, and since spermatogenesis and maturation of spermatogonia to haploid spermatozoa requires activation of Erk1/2, the triggering of these signaling events by DHEAS might have physiological relevance. In the Sertoli cell line TM4, DHEAS-induces activation of Erk1/2, CREB, and ATF-1, stimulates expression of claudin-3 and claudin-5 and augments transepithelial resistance, indicating the formation of tight junctions between adjacent Sertoli cells. Thus, by influencing the formation and dynamics of tight junctions at the blood-testis barrier, which protects germ cells from cells of the immune system, DHEAS might play a crucial role in the regulation and maintenance of male fertility. In bEnd.3 brain-derived endothelial cells, DHEAS stimulates the expression of zonula occludens-1 and claudin-3 and promotes tight junction formation between neighboring cells, which at the blood-brain barrier protects the brain from harmful factors and cells. If DHEAS supports the integrity of the blood-brain barrier also in vivo, the current findings might lead to new strategies for the prevention or treatment of neurological disorders associated with barrier defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Papadopoulos
- Institut für Veterinär-Physiologie und -Biochemie, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Germany
| | - Mazen Shihan
- Institut für Veterinär-Physiologie und -Biochemie, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Germany
| | - Georgios Scheiner-Bobis
- Institut für Veterinär-Physiologie und -Biochemie, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Germany.
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Reddan JM, White DJ, Macpherson H, Scholey A, Pipingas A. Glycerophospholipid Supplementation as a Potential Intervention for Supporting Cerebral Structure in Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:49. [PMID: 29563868 PMCID: PMC5845902 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Modifying nutritional intake through supplementation may be efficacious for altering the trajectory of cerebral structural decline evident with increasing age. To date, there have been a number of clinical trials in older adults whereby chronic supplementation with B vitamins, omega-3 fatty acids, or resveratrol, has been observed to either slow the rate of decline or repair cerebral tissue. There is also some evidence from animal studies indicating that supplementation with glycerophospholipids (GPL) may benefit cerebral structure, though these effects have not yet been investigated in adult humans. Despite this paucity of research, there are a number of factors predicting poorer cerebral structure in older humans, which GPL supplementation appears to beneficially modify or protect against. These include elevated concentrations of homocysteine, unbalanced activity of reactive oxygen species both increasing the risk of oxidative stress, increased concentrations of pro-inflammatory messengers, as well as poorer cardio- and cerebrovascular function. As such, it is hypothesized that GPL supplementation will support cerebral structure in older adults. These cerebral effects may influence cognitive function. The current review aims to provide a theoretical basis for future clinical trials investigating the effects of GPL supplementation on cerebral structural integrity in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery M Reddan
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David J White
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen Macpherson
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Scholey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Pipingas
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article reviews recent advances in drug discovery and development for geriatric psychiatry. Drug discovery for disorders of the central nervous system is a long and challenging process, with a high attrition rate from the preclinical stages through to marketing a compound. Developing drugs for geriatric neuropsychiatric conditions presents additional challenges, due to the complexity of the symptoms, comorbid diagnoses, and the variability of the population. Despite there being limited success over the past two decades, a number of new approaches have identified potential targets for preclinical development and ultimately clinical testing. RECENT FINDINGS Recent approaches have tried to address specific mechanisms that relate to the disease progression. These approaches include combining a number of ligands into to multi-target compounds, or targeting specific types of cells such as protein kinases or myeloid cells. In addition, the increased use of induced pluripotent stem cell cultures has enabled new compounds to be tested on disease-specific tissues, increasing the success rate of the lead compounds going through the preclinical stages. New pharmacological agents designed with advanced screening techniques and the shift towards systems pharmacology is changing the landscape of drug discovery in geriatric psychiatry. There is potential for these new agents to produce targeted effects in the framework of disorders that have long been untreatable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C Conley
- Center for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1601 23rd Ave., Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Paul A Newhouse
- Center for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1601 23rd Ave., Nashville, TN, 37212, USA.
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Health System, Nashville, TN, USA.
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47
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Shohayeb B, Diab M, Ahmed M, Ng DCH. Factors that influence adult neurogenesis as potential therapy. Transl Neurodegener 2018; 7:4. [PMID: 29484176 PMCID: PMC5822640 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-018-0109-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis involves persistent proliferative neuroprogenitor populations that reside within distinct regions of the brain. This phenomenon was first described over 50 years ago and it is now firmly established that new neurons are continually generated in distinct regions of the adult brain. The potential of enhancing the neurogenic process lies in improved brain cognition and neuronal plasticity particularly in the context of neuronal injury and neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, adult neurogenesis might also play a role in mood and affective disorders. The factors that regulate adult neurogenesis have been broadly studied. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of regulating neurogenesis are still not fully defined. In this review, we will provide critical analysis of our current understanding of the factors and molecular mechanisms that determine neurogenesis. We will further discuss pre-clinical and clinical studies that have investigated the potential of modulating neurogenesis as therapeutic intervention in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belal Shohayeb
- 1School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4067 Australia
| | - Mohamed Diab
- 2Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, P.O. Box Sidi Gaber, Alexandria, 21311 Egypt
| | - Mazen Ahmed
- 2Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, P.O. Box Sidi Gaber, Alexandria, 21311 Egypt
| | - Dominic Chi Hiung Ng
- 1School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4067 Australia
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48
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Miller JA, Guillozet-Bongaarts A, Gibbons LE, Postupna N, Renz A, Beller AE, Sunkin SM, Ng L, Rose SE, Smith KA, Szafer A, Barber C, Bertagnolli D, Bickley K, Brouner K, Caldejon S, Chapin M, Chua ML, Coleman NM, Cudaback E, Cuhaciyan C, Dalley RA, Dee N, Desta T, Dolbeare TA, Dotson NI, Fisher M, Gaudreault N, Gee G, Gilbert TL, Goldy J, Griffin F, Habel C, Haradon Z, Hejazinia N, Hellstern LL, Horvath S, Howard K, Howard R, Johal J, Jorstad NL, Josephsen SR, Kuan CL, Lai F, Lee E, Lee F, Lemon T, Li X, Marshall DA, Melchor J, Mukherjee S, Nyhus J, Pendergraft J, Potekhina L, Rha EY, Rice S, Rosen D, Sapru A, Schantz A, Shen E, Sherfield E, Shi S, Sodt AJ, Thatra N, Tieu M, Wilson AM, Montine TJ, Larson EB, Bernard A, Crane PK, Ellenbogen RG, Keene CD, Lein E. Neuropathological and transcriptomic characteristics of the aged brain. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 29120328 PMCID: PMC5679757 DOI: 10.7554/elife.31126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As more people live longer, age-related neurodegenerative diseases are an increasingly important societal health issue. Treatments targeting specific pathologies such as amyloid beta in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have not led to effective treatments, and there is increasing evidence of a disconnect between traditional pathology and cognitive abilities with advancing age, indicative of individual variation in resilience to pathology. Here, we generated a comprehensive neuropathological, molecular, and transcriptomic characterization of hippocampus and two regions cortex in 107 aged donors (median = 90) from the Adult Changes in Thought (ACT) study as a freely-available resource (http://aging.brain-map.org/). We confirm established associations between AD pathology and dementia, albeit with increased, presumably aging-related variability, and identify sets of co-expressed genes correlated with pathological tau and inflammation markers. Finally, we demonstrate a relationship between dementia and RNA quality, and find common gene signatures, highlighting the importance of properly controlling for RNA quality when studying dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura E Gibbons
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Nadia Postupna
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Anne Renz
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, United States
| | - Allison E Beller
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Susan M Sunkin
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, United States
| | - Lydia Ng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, United States
| | - Shannon E Rose
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | | | - Aaron Szafer
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, United States
| | - Chris Barber
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, United States
| | | | | | - Krissy Brouner
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, United States
| | | | - Mike Chapin
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, United States
| | - Mindy L Chua
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Natalie M Coleman
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Eiron Cudaback
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | | | | | - Nick Dee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, United States
| | - Tsega Desta
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, United States
| | - Tim A Dolbeare
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, United States
| | | | - Michael Fisher
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, United States
| | | | - Garrett Gee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, United States
| | | | - Jeff Goldy
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, United States
| | - Fiona Griffin
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, United States
| | - Caroline Habel
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, United States
| | - Zeb Haradon
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, United States
| | - Nika Hejazinia
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, United States
| | - Leanne L Hellstern
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Kim Howard
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Robert Howard
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, United States
| | - Justin Johal
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, United States
| | - Nikolas L Jorstad
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Samuel R Josephsen
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | | | - Florence Lai
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, United States
| | - Eric Lee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, United States
| | - Felix Lee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, United States
| | - Tracy Lemon
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, United States
| | - Xianwu Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Desiree A Marshall
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Jose Melchor
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, United States
| | | | - Julie Nyhus
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, United States
| | | | | | - Elizabeth Y Rha
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Samantha Rice
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - David Rosen
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, United States
| | - Abharika Sapru
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Aimee Schantz
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Elaine Shen
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, United States
| | - Emily Sherfield
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Shu Shi
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, United States
| | - Andy J Sodt
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, United States
| | | | - Michael Tieu
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, United States
| | - Angela M Wilson
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Thomas J Montine
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Eric B Larson
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, United States
| | - Amy Bernard
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, United States
| | - Paul K Crane
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Richard G Ellenbogen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - C Dirk Keene
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Ed Lein
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, United States
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49
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Xu X, Wang B, Ren C, Hu J, Greenberg DA, Chen T, Xie L, Jin K. Age-related Impairment of Vascular Structure and Functions. Aging Dis 2017; 8:590-610. [PMID: 28966804 PMCID: PMC5614324 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Among age-related diseases, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are major causes of death. Vascular dysfunction is a key characteristic of these diseases wherein age is an independent and essential risk factor. The present work will review morphological alterations of aging vessels in-depth, which includes the discussion of age-related microvessel loss and changes to vasculature involving the capillary basement membrane, intima, media, and adventitia as well as the accompanying vascular dysfunctions arising from these alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglai Xu
- 1Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,2Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Brian Wang
- 2Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Changhong Ren
- 2Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA.,4Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing, China
| | - Jiangnan Hu
- 2Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | | | - Tianxiang Chen
- 6Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Xie
- 3Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kunlin Jin
- 2Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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50
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Soumoff AA, Cook DL, Clark CC. Delirium Following Topical Application of Compounded Creams Containing Multiple Analgesic Medications in Geriatric Patients: Two New Cases. PSYCHOSOMATICS 2017; 59:81-89. [PMID: 28918165 DOI: 10.1016/j.psym.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa A Soumoff
- Behavioral Health Directorate, Older Adult Behavioral Health, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD.
| | - David L Cook
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency, Dwight D. Eisenhower Army Medical Center, Fort Gordon, GA
| | - Caroline C Clark
- Behavioral Health Directorate, Psychiatry Residency, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD
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