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Saldanha L, Vale N. The First Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Model for an Oral Vaccine Using Alpha-Tocopherol as an Adjuvant. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2313. [PMID: 37765281 PMCID: PMC10535515 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral vaccines represent many advantages compared to standard vaccines. They hold a simple method of administration and manufacturing process. In addition to these, the way they can induce immune responses makes these a promising technology for the pharmaceutical industry and represents a new hope to society. Physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) has been used in support of drug development to predict the pharmacokinetics of the compound, considering the patient's physiology. Despite PBPK studies now being widely used, there are very few models in the literature that support vaccine development. Therefore, the goal of this article was to determine how PBPK could support vaccine development. The first PBPK model for an oral vaccine using alpha-tocopherol as a vaccine adjuvant was built. LogP is the parameter that influences the delivery of alpha-tocopherol into the tissues more. Having a high LogP means it accumulates in adipose tissue and is slowly metabolized. The ideal formulation to include alpha-tocopherol in an oral vaccine would incorporate nanoparticles in a capsule, and the dosage of the compound would be 150 mg in a volume of 200 mL. This article aims to determine if alpha-tocopherol, as a well-known adjuvant for intramuscular injection vaccines, could be used as an adjuvant to oral vaccines. This model was built considering the conditions and requirements needed for designing an oral vaccine. This implies making sure the antigen and adjuvants reach the main target by overcoming the challenges of the gastrointestinal tract. The main parameters that would need to be included in a formulation using alpha-tocopherol as an adjuvant were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Saldanha
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Community Medicine, Health Information and Decision (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Vale
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Community Medicine, Health Information and Decision (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
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Mallick AM, Biswas A, Mishra S, Jadhav S, Chakraborty K, Tripathi A, Mukherjee A, Roy RS. Engineered vitamin E-tethered non-immunogenic facial lipopeptide for developing improved siRNA based combination therapy against metastatic breast cancer. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7842-7866. [PMID: 37502330 PMCID: PMC10370593 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01071f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA interference based therapeutic gene silencing is an emerging platform for managing highly metastatic breast cancer. Cytosolic delivery of functional siRNA remains the key obstacle for efficient RNAi therapy. To overcome the challenges of siRNA delivery, we have engineered a vitamin E-tethered, short, optimum protease stabilized facial lipopeptide based non-immunogenic, biocompatible siRNA transporter to facilitate the clinical translation in future. Our designed lipopeptide has an Arginine-Sarcosine-Arginine segment for providing optimum protease-stability, minimizing adjacent arginine-arginine repulsion and reducing intermolecular aggregation and α-tocopherol as the lipidic moiety for facilitating cellular permeabilization. Interestingly, our designed non-immunogenic siRNA transporter has exhibited significantly better long term transfection efficiency than HiPerFect and can transfect hard to transfect primary cell line, HUVEC. Our engineered siRNA therapeutics demonstrated high efficacy in managing metastasis against triple negative breast cancer by disrupting the crosstalk of endothelial cells and MDA-MB-231 and reduced stemness and metastatic markers, as evidenced by downregulating critical oncogenic pathways. Our study aimed at silencing Notch1 signalling to achieve "multi-targeted" therapy with a single putative molecular medicine. We have further developed mechanistically rational combination therapy combining Notch1 silencing with a repurposed drug m-TOR inhibitor, metformin, which demonstrated synergistic interaction and enhanced antitumor efficacy against cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argha Mario Mallick
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur 741246 India
| | - Abhijit Biswas
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur 741246 India
| | - Sukumar Mishra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur 741246 India
| | - Sonali Jadhav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune Pune 411008 India
| | - Kasturee Chakraborty
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur 741246 India
| | - Archana Tripathi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur 741246 India
| | - Arnab Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune Pune 411008 India
| | - Rituparna Sinha Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur 741246 India
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur 741246 India
- Centre for Climate and Environmental Studies, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur 741246 India
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Mahdavi A, Leclercq M, Bodein A, Gotti C, Greffard K, Bilodeau JF, Droit A, Lebel M, Rudkowska I. High dairy products intake modifies the correlation between α-tocopherol levels and serum proteins related to lipid metabolism in subjects at risk of type 2 diabetes. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Mitochondrial Management of Reactive Oxygen Species. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111824. [PMID: 34829696 PMCID: PMC8614740 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria in aerobic eukaryotic cells are both the site of energy production and the formation of harmful species, such as radicals and other reactive oxygen species, known as ROS. They contain an efficient antioxidant system, including low-molecular-mass molecules and enzymes that specialize in removing various types of ROS or repairing the oxidative damage of biological molecules. Under normal conditions, ROS production is low, and mitochondria, which are their primary target, are slightly damaged in a similar way to other cellular compartments, since the ROS released by the mitochondria into the cytosol are negligible. As the mitochondrial generation of ROS increases, they can deactivate components of the respiratory chain and enzymes of the Krebs cycle, and mitochondria release a high amount of ROS that damage cellular structures. More recently, the feature of the mitochondrial antioxidant system, which does not specifically deal with intramitochondrial ROS, was discovered. Indeed, the mitochondrial antioxidant system detoxifies exogenous ROS species at the expense of reducing the equivalents generated in mitochondria. Thus, mitochondria are also a sink of ROS. These observations highlight the importance of the mitochondrial antioxidant system, which should be considered in our understanding of ROS-regulated processes. These processes include cell signaling and the progression of metabolic and neurodegenerative disease.
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The Antioxidant Properties of Selenium and Vitamin E; Their Role in Periparturient Dairy Cattle Health Regulation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101555. [PMID: 34679690 PMCID: PMC8532922 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dairy cattle experience health risks during the periparturient period. The continuous overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during the transition from late gestation to peak lactation leads to the development of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is usually considered the main contributor to several diseases such as retained placenta, fatty liver, ketosis, mastitis and metritis in periparturient dairy cattle. The oxidative stress is generally balanced by the naturally available antioxidant system in the body of dairy cattle. However, in some special conditions, such as the peripariparturient period, the natural antioxidant system of a body is not able to balance the ROS production. To cope with this situation, the antioxidants are supplied to the dairy cattle from external sources. Natural antioxidants such as selenium and vitamin E have been found to restore normal health by minimizing the harmful effects of excessive ROS production. The deficiencies of Se and vitamin E have been reported to be associated with various diseases in periparturient dairy cattle. Thus in the current review, we highlight the new insights into the Se and vitamin E supplementation as antioxidant agents in the health regulation of periparturient dairy cattle.
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de Leeuw FA, Honer WG, Schneider JA, Morris MC. Brain γ-Tocopherol Levels Are Associated with Presynaptic Protein Levels in Elderly Human Midfrontal Cortex. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 77:619-627. [PMID: 32741813 PMCID: PMC7592653 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher vitamin E intake has been widely related to lower risks of cognitive decline and dementia. Animal models suggest that this relationship might be (partially) explained by the protection of vitamin E against presynaptic protein oxidation. OBJECTIVE In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to examine the associations between brain tocopherols and presynaptic protein levels in elderly humans. METHODS We examined associations of α- and γ-tocopherol brain levels with presynaptic protein levels in 113 deceased participants (age 88.5±6.0 years, 45 (40%) female) from the prospective Memory and Aging project. Three distinct presynaptic proteins, a SNARE protein composite, a synaptotagmin synaptophysin composite and the protein-protein interaction between synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25), and syntaxin were measured in two cortical brain regions. Linear regression models assessed associations of brain tocopherols with presynaptic protein levels. RESULTS Higher brain γ-tocopherol levels were associated with higher levels of the SNARE protein composite, complexin-I, complexin-II, the synaptotagmin synaptophysin composite, and septin-5 in the midfrontal cortex (B(SE) = 0.272 to 0.412 (0.084 to 0.091), p < 0.001 to 0.003). When additionally adjusted for global Alzheimer's disease pathology, cerebral infarcts, and Lewy body disease pathology, these associations remained largely similar. No associations were found between α-tocopherol and presynaptic protein levels. CONCLUSION In this cross-sectional study, we found higher brain γ-tocopherol levels were associated with presynaptic protein levels in the midfrontal cortex. These results are consistent with a proposed role of vitamin E to maintain presynaptic protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca A de Leeuw
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - William G Honer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Colombia, Vancouver, British Colombia, Canada
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Department of Neurological Sciences and Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Martha Clare Morris
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Luiz MT, Viegas JSR, Abriata JP, Tofani LB, Vaidergorn MDM, Emery FDS, Chorilli M, Marchetti JM. Docetaxel-loaded folate-modified TPGS-transfersomes for glioblastoma multiforme treatment. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 124:112033. [PMID: 33947535 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a first primary Central Nervous System tumor with high incidence and lethality. Its treatment is hampered by the difficulty to overcome the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and by the non-specificity of chemotherapeutics to tumor cells. This study was based on the development characterization and in vitro efficacy of folate-modified TPGS transfersomes containing docetaxel (TF-DTX-FA) to improve GBM treatment. TF-DTX-FA and unmodified transfersomes (TF-DTX) were prepared through thin-film hydration followed by extrusion technique and characterized by physicochemical and in vitro studies. All formulations showed low particles sizes (below 200 nm), polydispersity index below 0.2, negative zeta potential (between -16.75 to -12.45 mV) and high encapsulation efficiency (78.72 ± 1.29% and 75.62 ± 0.05% for TF-DTX and TF-DTX-FA, respectively). Furthermore, cytotoxicity assay of TF-DTX-FA showed the high capacity of the nanocarriers to reduce the viability of U-87 MG in both 2D and 3D culture models, when compared with DTX commercial formulation and TF-DTX. In vitro cellular uptake assay indicated the selectivity of transfersomes to tumoral cells when compared to normal cells, and the higher ability of TF-DTX-FA to be internalized into 2D U-87 MG in comparison with TF-DTX (72.10 and 62.90%, respectively, after 24 h). Moreover, TF-DTX-FA showed higher permeability into 3D U-87 MG spheroid than TF-DTX, suggesting the potential FA modulation to target treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Tavares Luiz
- School of Pharmaceutical Science of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Santos Rosa Viegas
- School of Pharmaceutical Science of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Palma Abriata
- School of Pharmaceutical Science of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Bueno Tofani
- School of Pharmaceutical Science of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miguel de Menezes Vaidergorn
- School of Pharmaceutical Science of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flavio da Silva Emery
- School of Pharmaceutical Science of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Maldonado Marchetti
- School of Pharmaceutical Science of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Keikha M, Shayan-Moghadam R, Bahreynian M, Kelishadi R. Nutritional supplements and mother's milk composition: a systematic review of interventional studies. Int Breastfeed J 2021; 16:1. [PMID: 33397426 PMCID: PMC7780633 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-020-00354-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aims to systematically review the effects of maternal vitamin and/or mineral supplementation on the content of breast milk. Methods We systematically searched electronic databases including Medline via PubMed, Scopus and ISI Web of Science till May 24, 2018. The following terms were used systematically in all mentioned databases: (“human milk” OR “breast milk” OR “breast milk composition” OR “human breast milk composition” OR “composition breast milk” OR “mother milk” OR “human breast milk” OR “maternal milk”) AND (“vitamin a” OR “retinol” OR “retinal” OR “retinoic acid” OR “beta-carotene” OR “beta carotene” OR “ascorbic acid” OR “l-ascorbic acid” OR “l ascorbic acid” OR “vitamin c” OR “vitamin d” OR “cholecalciferol” OR “ergocalciferol” OR “calciferol” OR “vitamin e” OR “tocopherol” OR “tocotrienol” OR “alpha-tocopherol” OR “alpha tocopherol” OR “α-tocopherol” OR “α tocopherol” OR “vitamin k” OR “vitamin b” OR “vitamin b complex” OR “zinc” OR “iron” OR “copper” Or “selenium” OR “manganese” OR “magnesium”) and we searched Medline via Medical subject Headings (MeSH) terms. We searched Google Scholar for to increase the sensitivity of our search. The search was conducted on human studies, but it was not limited to the title and abstract. Methodological quality and risk of bias of included studies were evaluated by Jadad scale and Cochrane risk of bias tools, respectively. Results This review included papers on three minerals (zinc, iron, selenium) and 6 vitamins (vitamin A, B, D, C, E and K) in addition to multi-vitamin supplements. Although studies had different designs, e.g. not using random allocation and/or blinding, our findings suggest that maternal use of some dietary supplements, including vitamin A, D, vitamin B1, B2 and vitamin C might be reflected in human milk. Vitamin supplements had agreater effect on breast milk composition compared to minerals. Higher doses of supplements showed higher effects and they were reflected more in colostrum than in the mature milk. Conclusion Maternal dietary vitamin and/or mineral supplementation, particularly fat- soluble vitamins, vitamin B1, B2 and C might be reflected in the breast milk composition. No difference was found between mega dose and single dose administration of minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Keikha
- Department of Public Health, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran
| | - Ramin Shayan-Moghadam
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Bahreynian
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. .,Department of Nutrition, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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10
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Cracking the chemical code: European common lizards (Zootoca vivipara) respond to an hexane soluble predator kairomone. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2020.104161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Castellano JM, Espinosa JM, Perona JS. Modulation of Lipid Transport and Adipose Tissue Deposition by Small Lipophilic Compounds. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:555359. [PMID: 33163484 PMCID: PMC7591460 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.555359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Small lipophilic molecules present in foods of plant origin have relevant biological activities at rather low concentrations. Evidence suggests that phytosterols, carotenoids, terpenoids, and tocopherols can interact with different metabolic pathways, exerting beneficial effects against a number of metabolic diseases. These small molecules can modulate triacylglycerol absorption in the intestine and the biosynthesis of chylomicrons, the lipid carriers in the blood. Once in the bloodstream, they can impact lipoprotein clearance from blood, thereby affecting fatty acid release, incorporation into adipocytes and triglyceride reassembling and deposit. Consequently, some of these molecules can regulate pathophysiological processes associated to obesity and its related conditions, such as insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and type-2 diabetes. The protective capacity of some lipophilic small molecules on oxidative and chemotoxic stress, can modify the expression of key genes in the adaptive cellular response, such as transcription factors, contributing to prevent the inflammatory status of adipose tissue. These small lipophilic compounds can be incorporated into diet as natural parts of food but they can also be employed to supplement other dietary and pharmacologic products as nutraceuticals, exerting protective effects against the development of metabolic diseases in which inflammation is involved. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of the influence of dietary lipophilic small biomolecules (phytosterols, carotenoids, tocopherols, and triterpenes) on lipid transport, as well as on the effects they may have on pathophysiological metabolic states, related to obesity, insulin resistance and inflammation, providing an evidence-based summary of their main beneficial effects on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Castellano
- Group of Bioactive Compounds, Nutrition and Health, Department of Food and Health, Instituto de la Grasa-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
| | - Juan M Espinosa
- Group of Bioactive Compounds, Nutrition and Health, Department of Food and Health, Instituto de la Grasa-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
| | - Javier S Perona
- Group of Bioactive Compounds, Nutrition and Health, Department of Food and Health, Instituto de la Grasa-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
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α-Tocopherol Protects the Heart, Muscles, and Testes from Lipid Peroxidation in Growing Male Rats Subjected to Physical Efforts. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8431057. [PMID: 33927795 PMCID: PMC8051519 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8431057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The effect of α-tocopherol supplementation on adaptation to training is still equivocal. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of training and α-tocopherol supplementation on α-tocopherol and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) concentration in the rat liver, heart, muscles, and testes. Male Wistar rats (n = 32) were divided into four groups (nonsupplemented, not trained—C; nonsupplemented, trained—CT; supplemented, not trained—E; supplemented and trained—ET). During the 14-day experimental period, 2 mg/d of vitamin E as α-tocopherol acetate was administered to the animals (groups E and ET). Rats in the training group (CT and ET) were subjected to 15 minutes of treadmill running each day. The α-tocopherol levels in rat tissues were assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Lipid peroxides were determined by TBARS spectrophotometric method. α-Tocopherol had a significant impact on α-tocopherol concentration in all tissues. Training increased the α-tocopherol concentration in the heart and muscles but reduced it in the liver. Training also caused increased lipid peroxidation in the muscles, heart, and testes; but a higher α-tocopherol content in tissues reduced the TBARS level. The main finding of the study is that impaired α-tocopherol status and its adequate intake is needed to maintain optimal status to prevent damage to the skeletal and cardiac muscles as well as the testes in growing individuals.
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de Sousa Rebouças A, Costa Lemos da Silva AG, Freitas de Oliveira A, Thalia Pereira da Silva L, de Freitas Felgueiras V, Cruz MS, Silbiger VN, da Silva Ribeiro KD, Dimenstein R. Factors Associated with Increased Alpha-Tocopherol Content in Milk in Response to Maternal Supplementation with 800 IU of Vitamin E. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040900. [PMID: 31013594 PMCID: PMC6520676 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Vitamin E supplementation might represent an efficient strategy to increase the vitamin E content in milk. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of supplementation with 800 IU RRR-alpha-tocopherol on the alpha-tocopherol content of milk and the factors associated with the increase in vitamin E. Methods: Randomized clinical trial with 79 lactating women from Brazil, who were assigned to the control group, or to the supplemented group (800 IU of RRR-alpha-tocopherol). Milk and serum were collected between 30 and 90 days after delivery (collection 1), and on the next day (collection 2). Alpha-tocopherol was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: In the supplemented group, the alpha-tocopherol content in serum and milk increased after supplementation (p < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, only alpha-tocopherol in milk (collection 1) was associated with the level of this vitamin in milk after supplementation (β = 0.927, p < 0.001), and binary logistic regression showed that the dietary intake was the only determinant for the greater effect of supplementation in milk. Conclusion: The pre-existing vitamin level in milk and diet are determinants for the efficacy of supplementation in milk, suggesting that in populations with vitamin E deficiency, high-dose supplementation can be used to restore its level in milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda de Sousa Rebouças
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-970 Natal-RN, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | - Marina Sampaio Cruz
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59012-570 Natal-RN, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Roberto Dimenstein
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-970 Natal-RN, Brazil.
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Barca E, Emmanuele V, DiMauro S, Toscano A, Quinzii CM. Anti-Oxidant Drugs: Novelties and Clinical Implications in Cerebellar Ataxias. Curr Neuropharmacol 2019; 17:21-32. [PMID: 29119930 PMCID: PMC6341493 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666171109125643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 01/01/1970] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary cerebellar ataxias are a group of disorders characterized by heterogeneous clinical manifestations, progressive clinical course, and diverse genetic causes. No disease modifying treatments are yet available for many of these disorders. Oxidative stress has been recurrently identified in different progressive cerebellar diseases, and it represents a widely investigated target for treatment. OBJECTIVE To review the main aspects and new perspectives of antioxidant therapy in cerebellar ataxias ranging from bench to bedside. METHOD This article is a summary of the state-of-the-art on the use of antioxidant molecules in cerebellar ataxia treatments. It also briefly summarizes aspects of oxidative stress production and general characteristics of antioxidant compounds. RESULTS Antioxidants represent a vast category of compounds; old drugs have been extensively studied and modified in order to achieve better biological effects. Despite the vast body of literature present on the use of antioxidants in cerebellar ataxias, for the majority of these disorders conclusive results on the efficacy are still missing. CONCLUSION Antioxidant therapy in cerebellar ataxias is a promising field of investigations. To achieve the success in identifying the correct treatment more work needs to be done. In particular, a combined effort is needed by basic scientists in developing more efficient molecules, and by clinical researchers together with patients communities, to run clinical trials in order to identify conclusive treatments strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Barca
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, United States.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, 98125, Italy
| | - Valentina Emmanuele
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, United States.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, 98125, Italy
| | - Salvatore DiMauro
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, United States
| | - Antonio Toscano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, 98125, Italy
| | - Catarina M Quinzii
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, United States
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Rodriguez-Duarte J, Galliussi G, Dapueto R, Rossello J, Malacrida L, Kamaid A, Schopfer FJ, Escande C, López GV, Batthyány C. A novel nitroalkene-α-tocopherol analogue inhibits inflammation and ameliorates atherosclerosis in Apo E knockout mice. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:757-772. [PMID: 30588602 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Atherosclerosis is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation with concomitant lipid accumulation in the arterial wall. Anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic properties have been described for a novel class of endogenous nitroalkenes (nitrated-unsaturated fatty acids), formed during inflammation and digestion/absorption processes. The lipid-associated antioxidant α-tocopherol is transported systemically by LDL particles including to the atheroma lesions. To capitalize on the overlapping and complementary salutary properties of endogenous nitroalkenes and α-tocopherol, we designed and synthesized a novel nitroalkene-α-tocopherol analogue (NATOH) to address chronic inflammation and atherosclerosis, particularly at the lesion sites. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We synthesized NATOH, determined its electrophilicity and antioxidant capacity and studied its effects over pro-inflammatory and cytoprotective pathways in macrophages in vitro. Moreover, we demonstrated its incorporation into lipoproteins and tissue both in vitro and in vivo, and determined its effect on atherosclerosis and inflammatory responses in vivo using the Apo E knockout mice model. KEY RESULTS NATOH exhibited similar antioxidant capacity to α-tocopherol and, due to the presence of the nitroalkenyl group, like endogenous nitroalkenes, it exerted electrophilic reactivity. NATOH was incorporated in vivo into the VLDL/LDL lipoproteins particles to reach the atheroma lesions. Furthermore, oral administration of NATOH down-regulated NF-κB-dependent expression of pro-inflammatory markers (including IL-1β and adhesion molecules) and ameliorated atherosclerosis in Apo E knockout mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS In toto, the data demonstrate a novel pharmacological strategy for the prevention of atherosclerosis based on a creative, natural and safe drug delivery system of a non-conventional anti-inflammatory compound (NATOH) with significant potential for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Rodriguez-Duarte
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Drug Development, INDICYO Program, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Departmento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Germán Galliussi
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Drug Development, INDICYO Program, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rosina Dapueto
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Drug Development, INDICYO Program, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Departmento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jessica Rossello
- Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Leonel Malacrida
- Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Pathophysiology Department, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andrés Kamaid
- Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Francisco J Schopfer
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Carlos Escande
- Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Aging, INDICYO Program, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gloria V López
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Drug Development, INDICYO Program, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Departmento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carlos Batthyány
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Drug Development, INDICYO Program, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
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16
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da Silva AGCL, de Sousa Rebouças A, Mendonça BMA, Silva DCNE, Dimenstein R, Ribeiro KDDS. Relationship between the dietary intake, serum, and breast milk concentrations of vitamin A and vitamin E in a cohort of women over the course of lactation. MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION 2019; 15:e12772. [PMID: 30578660 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the nutritional status of lactating women with regard to vitamins A and E and the relationship between dietary intake and concentrations in serum and milk. A longitudinal study was conducted with 43 women at a hospital in northeastern Brazil. Blood and milk samples and food intake recalls were obtained at three moments during the breastfeeding period. Retinol and alpha-tocopherol were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Dietary inadequacy was analysed according to the estimated average requirement, with intrapersonal variation adjusted by the multiple source method. Food intake was classified by quartiles of consumption. Serum retinol was 1.65 μmol/L, with 5% of low concentrations (<0.7 μmol/L) at the first collection. Serum alpha-tocopherol decreased from 30.18 to 25.49 μmol/L at the third collection (P = 0.008), with an increase in the percentage frequency of deficiency (<12 μmol/L). Both vitamins maintained stable concentrations in milk at the different collection times, and the overall dietary inadequacy of vitamins A and E was 58% and 100%, respectively. There was a correlation only between vitamin A intake and serum retinol (r = 0.403, P = 0.007), and higher retinol concentrations were found in women classified in the highest consumption quartile (P = 0.031). Over the course of lactation, there was a high degree of inadequacy in vitamin intake and a reduction in serum alpha-tocopherol, whereas its concentrations in milk remained unchanged. Dietary intake of vitamin A has been shown to influence serum retinol, which underscores the importance of adequate nutrition and monitoring of vitamin deficiency during lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda de Sousa Rebouças
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Roberto Dimenstein
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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17
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Vitamin E-inspired multi-scale imaging agent. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:107-114. [PMID: 30459096 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The production and use of multi-modal imaging agents is on the rise. The vast majority of these imaging agents are limited to a single length scale for the agent (e.g. tissues only), which is typically at the organ or tissue scale. This work explores the synthesis of such an imaging agent and discusses the applications of our vitamin E-inspired multi-modal and multi-length scale imaging agents TB-Toc ((S,E)-5,5-difluoro-7-(2-(5-((6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-yl) methyl) thiophen-2-yl) vinyl)-9-methyl-5H-dipyrrolo-[1,2-c:2',1'-f][1,3,2]diazaborinin-4-ium-5-uide). We investigate the toxicity of TB-Toc along with the starting materials and lipid based delivery vehicle in mouse myoblasts and fibroblasts. Further we investigate the uptake of TB-Toc delivered to cultured cells in both solvent and liposomes. TB-Toc has low toxicity, and no change in cell viability was observed up to concentrations of 10 mM. TB-Toc shows time-dependent cellular uptake that is complete in about 30 min. This work is the first step in demonstrating our vitamin E derivatives are viable multi-modal and length scale diagnostic tools.
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18
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Hamułka J, Górnicka M, Sulich A, Frąckiewicz J. Weight loss program is associated with decrease α-tocopherol status in obese adults. Clin Nutr 2018; 38:1861-1870. [PMID: 30064845 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Studies on changes in plasma α-tocopherol levels during body fat reduction in obese persons are not clear. The aim of the present study was to assess factors associated with α-tocopherol status in obese people and to examine changes in α-tocopherol status after a 6-week AntioxObesity weight loss program. METHODS The study was conducted in 60 overweight or obese adults, aged 18-54 years old. Food intake data were collected using the 3-day record method and a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements included: height (H), body weight, waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC), body composition: fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM), subcutaneous fat (SF) and visceral fat (VF). Lipid profile, α-tocopherol concentration, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in plasma and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in erythrocytes were determined. RESULTS Energy, fat, and carbohydrate intakes decreased significantly in all subjects (P < 0.001). Body weight, WC, body mass index (BMI), waist-to height ratio (WHtR), and FM, VF and SF decreased significantly during the 6 weeks in all subjects. Plasma α-tocopherol significantly decreased during the program (P = 0.006). No changes were observed for SOD activity, but GPx activity and TAC decreased significantly (P = 0.001; P = 0,023, respectively). Plasma α-tocopherol concentration after 6 weeks of the AntioxObesity program was strongly associated with baseline plasma α-tocopherol, changes in TC, VF and FM. Low α-tocopherol status (<20 μmol/L) was found in 78% of the women and 68% of the men, after 6 weeks of the AntioxObesity program. Men were characterized by a greater decrease in weight, BMI, WC, FM, VF, SF and TAC compared to women. CONCLUSIONS A 6-week weight loss program lowered α-tocopherol status in overweight and obese people. Low baseline α-tocopherol status and adiposity in obese adults negatively affected α-tocopherol status after 6 weeks weight loss program. These results, coupled with excessive weight and low α-tocopherol intake, led to the finding that there was an increased risk of oxidative stress diseases in adults on a reduced diet. Long-term dietary restriction program for obese patients should be monitored to avoid α-tocopherol deficiency, and take into account higher dietary α-tocopherol requirements for obese people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadwiga Hamułka
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - WULS-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Górnicka
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - WULS-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Sulich
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - WULS-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Frąckiewicz
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - WULS-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
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19
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High Cholesterol Diet-Induced Changes in Oxysterol and Scavenger Receptor Levels in Heart Tissue. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:8520746. [PMID: 30008986 PMCID: PMC6020519 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8520746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Involvement of high cholesterol and oxidative stress in cardiovascular diseases is well studied, as it can be hypothesized that various products originated from lipid peroxidation, such as oxysterols, or affected protein expression might lead to cardiomyocyte damage followed by the pathological modifications. Although oxidation of excessive cholesterol to oxysterols in elevated stress conditions is identified by a number of studies, the role of a high cholesterol diet in regulating fatty acid and oxysterol accumulation, together with scavenger receptor mRNA levels, in the heart remains little investigated. Our study provides a detailed analysis of the changes in fatty acid, oxysterol, and scavenger receptor profiles and its relation with histological alterations in the heart tissue. We evaluated alterations of fatty acid composition, by the GC-MS method, while 4β-, 25-, and 27-hydroxycholesterol and 7-ketocholesterol levels by means of LC-MS/MS in high cholesterol diet-fed rabbits. Additionally, a number of proteins related to lipid metabolism and scavenger receptor mRNA expressions were evaluated by Western blotting and RT-PCR. According to our in vivo results, a high cholesterol diet enhances a number of unsaturated fatty acids, oxysterols, and LXRα, in addition to CD36, CD68, CD204, and SR-F1 expressions while α-tocopherol supplementation decreases LXRα and SR expressions together with an increase in 27-hydroxycholesterol and ABCA1 levels. Our results indicated that the high cholesterol diet modulates proteins related to lipid metabolism, which might result in the malfunction of the heart and α-tocopherol shows its beneficial effects. We believe that this work will lead the generation of different theories in the development of heart diseases.
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20
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Y de Vries J, Pundir S, Mckenzie E, Keijer J, Kussmann M. Maternal Circulating Vitamin Status and Colostrum Vitamin Composition in Healthy Lactating Women-A Systematic Approach. Nutrients 2018; 10:E687. [PMID: 29843443 PMCID: PMC6024806 DOI: 10.3390/nu10060687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colostrum is the first ingested sole nutritional source for the newborn infant. The vitamin profile of colostrum depends on the maternal vitamin status, which in turn is influenced by diet and lifestyle. Yet, the relationship between maternal vitamin status and colostrum vitamin composition has not been systematically reviewed. This review was conducted with the aim to generate a comprehensive overview on the relationship between maternal serum (plasma) vitamin concentration and corresponding colostrum composition. Three electronic databases, Embase (Ovid), Medline (Ovid), and Cochrane, were systematically searched based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Finally, a total of 11 eligible publications were included that examined the vitamins A, C, D, E, and K in both biological fluids. Maternal vitamin A, D, E, and K blood levels were unrelated to colostrum content of the respective vitamins, and serum vitamin A was inversely correlated with colostrum vitamin E. Colostrum versus maternal serum vitamins were higher for vitamins A, C, and K, lower for vitamin D, and divergent results were reported for vitamin E levels. Colostrum appears typically enriched in vitamin A, C, and K compared to maternal serum, possibly indicative of active mammary gland transport mechanisms. Inter-individual and inter-study high variability in colostrum's vitamin content endorses its sensitivity to external factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmijn Y de Vries
- Physiology, Wageningen University, De Elst 1, Building 122, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Shikha Pundir
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Elizabeth Mckenzie
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, De Elst 1, Building 122, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Martin Kussmann
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
- New Zealand National Science Challenge "High-Value Nutrition", University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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21
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Chung E, Mo H, Wang S, Zu Y, Elfakhani M, Rios SR, Chyu MC, Yang RS, Shen CL. Potential roles of vitamin E in age-related changes in skeletal muscle health. Nutr Res 2018; 49:23-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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22
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García-Roa R, Sáiz J, Gómara B, López P, Martín J. Dietary constraints can preclude the expression of an honest chemical sexual signal. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6073. [PMID: 28729717 PMCID: PMC5519758 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06323-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying the factors that underlie signal divergences remains challenging in studies of animal communication. Regarding the chemical signalling, different compounds can be found in some species but be absent in others. We hypothesized that if the costs that are associated with the expression of some compounds are too high, their presence in the signal may be restricted. However, these compounds may be expressed and be functional when those costs are relaxed. Vitamin E (α-tocopherol), a dietary compound with metabolic relevancy, acts as an honest chemical sexual signal in many lizards but no in others such as the Carpetan Rock lizard (Iberolacerta cyreni). We investigated whether dietary supplementation favours the expression of this vitamin in scents of I. cyreni. We show that dietary constraints can preclude the expression of vitamin E in chemical secretions of wild males because was expressed when it was experimentally provided in the diet. Vitamin E supplementation also heightened the immune response of males and increased the interest of their scent for females, highlighting the vitamin E as a chemical sexual signal in this species. We suggest that diet could decisively act as a driver of intra- and interspecific divergences in the chemical signalling of lizards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto García-Roa
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, National Museum of Natural Sciences, Spanish Research Council (MNCN- CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jorge Sáiz
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Spanish Research Council (IQOG- CSIC), Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Gómara
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Spanish Research Council (IQOG- CSIC), Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar López
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, National Museum of Natural Sciences, Spanish Research Council (MNCN- CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Martín
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, National Museum of Natural Sciences, Spanish Research Council (MNCN- CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
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23
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Veres G, Szpisjak L, Bajtai A, Siska A, Klivényi P, Ilisz I, Földesi I, Vécsei L, Zádori D. The establishment of tocopherol reference intervals for Hungarian adult population using a validated HPLC method. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 31. [PMID: 28182842 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that decreased α-tocopherol (the most biologically active substance in the vitamin E group) level can cause neurological symptoms, most likely ataxia. The aim of the current study was to first provide reference intervals for serum tocopherols in the adult Hungarian population with appropriate sample size, recruiting healthy control subjects and neurological patients suffering from conditions without symptoms of ataxia, myopathy or cognitive deficiency. A validated HPLC method applying a diode array detector and rac-tocol as internal standard was utilized for that purpose. Furthermore, serum cholesterol levels were determined as well for data normalization. The calculated 2.5-97.5% reference intervals for α-, β/γ- and δ-tocopherols were 24.62-54.67, 0.81-3.69 and 0.29-1.07 μm, respectively, whereas the tocopherol/cholesterol ratios were 5.11-11.27, 0.14-0.72 and 0.06-0.22 μmol/mmol, respectively. The establishment of these reference intervals may improve the diagnostic accuracy of tocopherol measurements in certain neurological conditions with decreased tocopherol levels. Moreover, the current study draws special attention to the possible pitfalls in the complex process of the determination of reference intervals as well, including the selection of study population, the application of internal standard and method validation and the calculation of tocopherol/cholesterol ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Veres
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Szpisjak
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Bajtai
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Andrea Siska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Klivényi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Ilisz
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Imre Földesi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Vécsei
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dénes Zádori
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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24
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Rodrigues D, Monteiro M, Jerónimo C, Henrique R, Belo L, Bastos MDL, Guedes de Pinho P, Carvalho M. Renal cell carcinoma: a critical analysis of metabolomic biomarkers emerging from current model systems. Transl Res 2017; 180:1-11. [PMID: 27546593 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics, an emerging field of "omics" sciences, has caught wide scientific attention in the area of biomarker research for cancers in which early diagnostic biomarkers have the potential to greatly improve patient outcome, such as renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Metabolomic approaches have been successfully applied to various human RCC model systems, mostly ex vivo neoplastic renal tissues and biofluids (urine and serum) from patients with RCC. Importantly, in contrast to other cancers, only a few studies have addressed the RCC metabolome using cancer cell culture-based in vitro models. Herein, we first carried out a comprehensive review of current metabolomic data in RCC, with emphasis on metabolite disturbances and dysregulated metabolic pathways identified in each of these experimental models. We then critically analyzed the consistency of evidence in this field and whether metabolites found altered in tumor cell and tissue microenvironment are reflected in biofluids, which constitute the rationale underlying the translation of discovered metabolic biomarkers into noninvasive diagnostic tools. Finally, dominant metabolic pathways and promising metabolites as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of RCC are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rodrigues
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Márcia Monteiro
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center (CI-IPOP) Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center (CI-IPOP) Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Belo
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria de Lourdes Bastos
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Guedes de Pinho
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Márcia Carvalho
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; FP-ENAS (UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit), CEBIMED (Biomedical Research Centre), Fernando Pessoa University, Porto, Portugal.
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25
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Galli F, Azzi A, Birringer M, Cook-Mills JM, Eggersdorfer M, Frank J, Cruciani G, Lorkowski S, Özer NK. Vitamin E: Emerging aspects and new directions. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 102:16-36. [PMID: 27816611 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of vitamin E will have its 100th anniversary in 2022, but we still have more questions than answers regarding the biological functions and the essentiality of vitamin E for human health. Discovered as a factor essential for rat fertility and soon after characterized for its properties of fat-soluble antioxidant, vitamin E was identified to have signaling and gene regulation effects in the 1980s. In the same years the cytochrome P-450 dependent metabolism of vitamin E was characterized and a first series of studies on short-chain carboxyethyl metabolites in the 1990s paved the way to the hypothesis of a biological role for this metabolism alternative to vitamin E catabolism. In the last decade other physiological metabolites of vitamin E have been identified, such as α-tocopheryl phosphate and the long-chain metabolites formed by the ω-hydroxylase activity of cytochrome P-450. Recent findings are consistent with gene regulation and homeostatic roles of these metabolites in different experimental models, such as inflammatory, neuronal and hepatic cells, and in vivo in animal models of acute inflammation. Molecular mechanisms underlying these responses are under investigation in several laboratories and side-glances to research on other fat soluble vitamins may help to move faster in this direction. Other emerging aspects presented in this review paper include novel insights on the mechanisms of reduction of the cardiovascular risk, immunomodulation and antiallergic effects, neuroprotection properties in models of glutamate excitotoxicity and spino-cerebellar damage, hepatoprotection and prevention of liver toxicity by different causes and even therapeutic applications in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. We here discuss these topics with the aim of stimulating the interest of the scientific community and further research activities that may help to celebrate this anniversary of vitamin E with an in-depth knowledge of its action as vitamin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Galli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, Via del Giochetto, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Angelo Azzi
- USDA-HNRCA at Tufts University, 711 Washington St., Boston, MA 02111, United States.
| | - Marc Birringer
- Department of Nutritional, Food and Consumer Sciences, Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Leipziger Straße 123, 36037 Fulda, Germany.
| | - Joan M Cook-Mills
- Allergy/Immunology Division, Northwestern University, 240 E Huron, Chicago, IL 60611, United States.
| | | | - Jan Frank
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 28, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Gabriele Cruciani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Italy.
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 25, 07743 Jena, Germany; Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Nesrin Kartal Özer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research Center (GEMHAM), Marmara University, 34854 Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Ambrogini P, Betti M, Galati C, Di Palma M, Lattanzi D, Savelli D, Galli F, Cuppini R, Minelli A. α-Tocopherol and Hippocampal Neural Plasticity in Physiological and Pathological Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E2107. [PMID: 27983697 PMCID: PMC5187907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroplasticity is an "umbrella term" referring to the complex, multifaceted physiological processes that mediate the ongoing structural and functional modifications occurring, at various time- and size-scales, in the ever-changing immature and adult brain, and that represent the basis for fundamental neurocognitive behavioral functions; in addition, maladaptive neuroplasticity plays a role in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric dysfunctions. Experiential cues and several endogenous and exogenous factors can regulate neuroplasticity; among these, vitamin E, and in particular α-tocopherol (α-T), the isoform with highest bioactivity, exerts potent effects on many plasticity-related events in both the physiological and pathological brain. In this review, the role of vitamin E/α-T in regulating diverse aspects of neuroplasticity is analyzed and discussed, focusing on the hippocampus, a brain structure that remains highly plastic throughout the lifespan and is involved in cognitive functions. Vitamin E-mediated influences on hippocampal synaptic plasticity and related cognitive behavior, on post-natal development and adult hippocampal neurogenesis, as well as on cellular and molecular disruptions in kainate-induced temporal seizures are described. Besides underscoring the relevance of its antioxidant properties, non-antioxidant functions of vitamin E/α-T, mainly involving regulation of cell signaling molecules and their target proteins, have been highlighted to help interpret the possible mechanisms underlying the effects on neuroplasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Ambrogini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Michele Betti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Claudia Galati
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Michael Di Palma
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Davide Lattanzi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - David Savelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Francesco Galli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Cuppini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Andrea Minelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
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α-Tocopherol in breast milk of women with preterm delivery after a single postpartum oral dose of vitamin E. Br J Nutr 2016; 115:1424-30. [PMID: 26931347 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516000477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the effect of maternal vitamin E supplementation on the α-tocopherol concentrations of colostrum, transitional milk and mature milk of women who had given birth prematurely. This longitudinal randomised-controlled trial divided eighty-nine women into two groups: a control group and a supplemented group. Blood and breast milk were collected from all the participants after delivery. Next, each woman in the supplemented group received 400 IU of RRR-α-tocopheryl acetate. Further breast milk samples were collected 24 h after the first collection, as well as 7 and 30 d after delivery. α-Tocopherol concentrations were determined by HPLC. The baseline α-tocopherol concentrations in the maternal serum of the two groups were similar: 1159·8 (sd 292·4) μg/dl (27·0 (SD 6·8) μmol/l) for the control group and 1128·3 (sd 407·2) μg/dl (26·2 (SD 9·5) μmol/l) for the supplemented group. None of the women was vitamin E deficient. Breast milk α-tocopherol concentrations increased by 60 % 24 h after supplementation in the intervention group and did not increase at all in the control group. α-Tocopherol concentration of the transitional milk in the supplemented group was 35 % higher compared with the control group. α-Tocopherol concentrations of the mature milk in both groups were similar. Maternal supplementation with 400 IU of RRR-α-tocopherol increased the vitamin E concentrations of the colostrum and transitional milk, but not of the mature milk. This study presents relevant information for the design of strategies to prevent and combat vitamin E deficiency in the risk group of preterm infants.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the levels of alpha-tocopherol in colostrum milk and serum of mothers with premature birth, classified as severe prematurity and moderate prematurity. METHODS Cross-sectional study with 65 women, 18 births classified as severe prematurity (<32 weeks of gestation) and 47 as moderate prematurity (≥32 weeks of gestation). The study only included mothers without any conditions associated with pregnancy and who had a single conception without any malformation. Samples of serum and colostrum were collected during fasting in the immediate postpartum, and alpha-tocopherol was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. To determine the biochemical nutritional status of vitamin E, a serum cutoff (11.6 μmol/L) was adopted. The Student t test for independent variables compared the average concentrations of alpha-tocopherol in serum and colostrum among prematurity groups. Differences were considered significant when P < 0.05. RESULTS The alpha-tocopherol concentrations in colostrum were similar in both groups, being 34.5 ± 20.2 μmol/L for women with severe prematurity and 35.1 ± 16.3 μmol/L for moderate prematurity. For the serum of puerperal women with severe prematurity, alpha-tocopherol concentration was, however, lower than in women with moderate prematurity, 22.2 ± 4.4 μmol/L versus 27.1 ± 8.6 μmol/L (P < 0.05). The serum levels of alpha-tocopherol indicated nutritional risk at 5.6% (n = 1) of women with severe prematurity and 4.3% (n = 2) for those with moderate prematurity. CONCLUSIONS Severe prematurity affected the levels of alpha-tocopherol in maternal serum; however, the level of prematurity did not change the concentration of vitamin E in colostrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Zingg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136-6129;
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Drug Delivery Innovations for Enhancing the Anticancer Potential of Vitamin E Isoforms and Their Derivatives. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:584862. [PMID: 26137487 PMCID: PMC4475563 DOI: 10.1155/2015/584862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin E isoforms have been extensively studied for their anticancer properties. Novel drug delivery systems (DDS) that include liposomes, nanoparticles, and micelles are actively being developed to improve Vitamin E delivery. Furthermore, several drug delivery systems that incorporate Vitamin E isoforms have been synthesized in order to increase the bioavailability of chemotherapeutic agents or to provide a synergistic effect. D-alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (Vitamin E TPGS or TPGS) is a synthetic derivative of natural alpha-tocopherol which is gaining increasing interest in the development of drug delivery systems and has also shown promising anticancer effect as a single agent. This review provides a summary of the properties and anticancer effects of the most potent Vitamin E isoforms and an overview of the various formulations developed to improve their efficacy, with an emphasis on the use of TPGS in drug delivery approaches.
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Gessner DK, Gröne B, Rosenbaum S, Most E, Hillen S, Becker S, Erhardt G, Reiner G, Eder K. Effect of dietary fish oil on the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism in liver and skeletal muscle of lactating sows. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2015; 100:337-47. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D. K. Gessner
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology; Justus-Liebig-University Giessen; Giessen Germany
| | - B. Gröne
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology; Justus-Liebig-University Giessen; Giessen Germany
| | - S. Rosenbaum
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology; Justus-Liebig-University Giessen; Giessen Germany
| | - E. Most
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology; Justus-Liebig-University Giessen; Giessen Germany
| | - S. Hillen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Swine Diseases; Justus-Liebig-University Giessen; Giessen Germany
| | - S. Becker
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Swine Diseases; Justus-Liebig-University Giessen; Giessen Germany
| | - G. Erhardt
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics; Justus-Liebig-University Giessen; Giessen; Germany
| | - G. Reiner
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Swine Diseases; Justus-Liebig-University Giessen; Giessen Germany
| | - K. Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology; Justus-Liebig-University Giessen; Giessen Germany
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Gessner DK, Most E, Schlegel G, Kupczyk K, Schwarz FJ, Eder K. Concentrations of retinol and tocopherols in the milk of cows supplemented with conjugated linoleic acid. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2015; 99:1039-46. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. K. Gessner
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology; Justus-Liebig-University Giessen; Giessen Germany
| | - E. Most
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology; Justus-Liebig-University Giessen; Giessen Germany
| | - G. Schlegel
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology; Justus-Liebig-University Giessen; Giessen Germany
| | - K. Kupczyk
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology; Justus-Liebig-University Giessen; Giessen Germany
| | - F. J. Schwarz
- Chair of Animal Nutrition; Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan; Technische Universität München; Freising-Weihenstephan Germany
| | - K. Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology; Justus-Liebig-University Giessen; Giessen Germany
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Maternal supplementation with natural or synthetic vitamin E and its levels in human colostrum. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2015; 60:533-7. [PMID: 25419678 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000000635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Newborns are considered a high-risk group for vitamin E deficiency. Breast milk is a source of alpha-tocopherol (α-TOH), a form of vitamin E that prevents deficiency. The present study aimed to assess whether supplementation with a natural or synthetic form of α-TOH, in addition to maternal sources of vitamin E, would increase the concentration of α-TOH in colostrum. METHODS A total of 109 healthy lactating women were recruited from a Brazilian public maternity clinic and randomized into 3 groups: control without supplementation (n = 36), natural α-TOH supplementation (n = 40), and synthetic α-TOH supplementation (n = 33). Blood and colostrum samples were collected before and after supplementation to check the nutritional status of these women by high-performance liquid chromatography. The Kruskal-Wallis test was applied for independent samples, and Tukey test was used for 2-way analysis of the averages of the groups. The baseline nutritional status of vitamin E of all of the lactating women enrolled in the trial was considered adequate. RESULTS Women who received supplementation had higher concentrations of α-TOH in colostrum than the control group, with 57% and 39% increases in women supplemented with the natural and synthetic forms of α-TOH, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Supplementation with both forms of α-TOH increased vitamin E concentrations in colostrum; however, the natural form was more efficient in increasing the levels.
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Deng Q, Yu X, Xu J, Wang L, Huang F, Huang Q, Liu C, Ma F. Effects of endogenous and exogenous micronutrients in rapeseed oils on the antioxidant status and lipid profile in high-fat fed rats. Lipids Health Dis 2014; 13:198. [PMID: 25526864 PMCID: PMC4290100 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-13-198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Micronutrients in oil reduce one or more risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, while the contents of micronutrients in oil are relatively poor, which is insufficient to reverse the metabolic disorders at different stages of progress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of endogenous micronutrients in optimized cold-pressed rapeseed oil and restoratively added or fortified micronutrients in traditional refined rapeseed oil (restoring micronutrients to be nearly equal to or significantly higher than levels in crude rapeseed oil) on the antioxidant status and lipid profile in high-fat fed rats. Methods Male Wistar rats were fed high-fat diets containing different rapeseed oils for 4 weeks, including the standard refined rapeseed oil(SRO), optimized cold-pressed rapeseed oil(CRO) and the traditional refined rapeseed oil with restorative addition or fortification of micronutrients (LF, HF-SRO). Results CRO exhibited significant increases in contents of tocopherols (+13%), phytosterols (+34%), polyphenols (+92%) and phospholipids (+725%) compared with SRO, as well as the total antioxidant capacities (+82-125%) (p < 0.05). While the HF-SRO revealed improved antioxidant properties in vitro than the CRO, which was comparable to LF-SRO. Significant improved plasma antioxidant capacities and lipid peroxidation evaluated by T-AOC, GSH, tocopherols and MDA were found in rats fed HF-SRO when compared with CRO and LF-SRO (p < 0.05). Furthermore, HF-SRO also decreased the plasma and hepatic TC levels compared to CRO and LF-SRO, accompanying higher fecal cholesterol excretion (p < 0.05). Conclusion The standard refined rapeseed oil with fortification, not restorative addition of micronutrients was comparable to the optimized cold-pressed rapeseed oil in improving the antioxidant status and lipid profile of high-fat fed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fenghong Huang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2 Xudong Second Road, Wuhan 430062, China.
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Kono N, Arai H. Intracellular transport of fat-soluble vitamins A and E. Traffic 2014; 16:19-34. [PMID: 25262571 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vitamins are compounds that are essential for the normal growth, reproduction and functioning of the human body. Of the 13 known vitamins, vitamins A, D, E and K are lipophilic compounds and are therefore called fat-soluble vitamins. Because of their lipophilicity, fat-soluble vitamins are solubilized and transported by intracellular carrier proteins to exert their actions and to be metabolized properly. Vitamin A and its derivatives, collectively called retinoids, are solubilized by intracellular retinoid-binding proteins such as cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP), cellular retinoic acid-binding protein (CRABP) and cellular retinal-binding protein (CRALBP). These proteins act as chaperones that regulate the metabolism, signaling and transport of retinoids. CRALBP-mediated intracellular retinoid transport is essential for vision in human. α-Tocopherol, the main form of vitamin E found in the body, is transported by α-tocopherol transfer protein (α-TTP) in hepatic cells. Defects of α-TTP cause vitamin E deficiency and neurological disorders in humans. Recently, it has been shown that the interaction of α-TTP with phosphoinositides plays a critical role in the intracellular transport of α-tocopherol and is associated with familial vitamin E deficiency. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms and biological significance of the intracellular transport of vitamins A and E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomu Kono
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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González-Calvo L, Joy M, Alberti C, Ripoll G, Molino F, Serrano M, Calvo JH. Effect of finishing period length with α-tocopherol supplementation on the expression of vitamin E-related genes in the muscle and subcutaneous fat of light lambs. Gene 2014; 552:225-33. [PMID: 25241385 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate how different finishing period lengths with α-tocopherol supplementation or alfalfa grazing affect mRNA expression levels of genes related to vitamin E metabolism in L. thoracis (LT) muscle and subcutaneous fat (SF) from lambs of the Rasa Aragonesa breed. Indoors, concentrate-fed light lambs (n=48) were supplemented with 500 dl-α-tocopheryl acetate/kg concentrate for an average finishing period length of 0 (C), 10.7 (VE10d), 21.2 (VE20d) and, 32.3 (VE30d) days before slaughtering. Simultaneously, 8 lambs with their dams were alfalfa-grazed. The α-tocopherol affected in a short-term the expression of genes in LT muscle (ABCA1, LPL, APOE, and SREBP1) and SF (ABCA1, SCARB1, LPL, and PPARG). On the contrary, PPARA gene expression showed a long-term α-tocopherol effect because the highest levels of PPARA mRNA were found in the VE30d.
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Affiliation(s)
- L González-Calvo
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Unidad de Tecnología en Producción Animal, Avda. Montañana, 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Joy
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Unidad de Tecnología en Producción Animal, Avda. Montañana, 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - C Alberti
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Unidad de Tecnología en Producción Animal, Avda. Montañana, 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - G Ripoll
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Unidad de Tecnología en Producción Animal, Avda. Montañana, 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - F Molino
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Unidad de Tecnología en Producción Animal, Avda. Montañana, 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Serrano
- Departamento de Mejora Genética animal, INIA, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J H Calvo
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Unidad de Tecnología en Producción Animal, Avda. Montañana, 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain; ARAID, C/ María de Luna, n° 11, 1ª planta, Edificio CEEI Aragón, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
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Lima MSR, Dimenstein R, Ribeiro KDS. Vitamin E concentration in human milk and associated factors: a literature review. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2014; 90:440-8. [PMID: 24953721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematize information about vitamin E concentration in human milk and the variables associated with this composition in order to find possible causes of deficiency, supporting strategies to prevent it in postpartum women and infants. SOURCE Studies published between 2004 and 2014 that assayed alpha-tocopherol in human milk of healthy women by high performance liquid chromatography were evaluated. The keywords used were "vitamin E", "alpha-tocopherol", "milk, human", "lactation", and equivalents in Portuguese, in the BIREME, CAPES, PubMed, SciELO, ISI Web of Knowledge, HighWire Press, Ingenta, and Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations databases. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS Of the 41 publications found on the subject, 25 whose full text was available and met the inclusion criteria were selected. The alpha-tocopherol concentrations found in milk were similar in most populations studied. The variable phase of lactation was shown to influence vitamin E content in milk, which is reduced until the mature milk appears. Maternal variables parity, anthropometric nutritional status, socioeconomic status, and habitual dietary intake did not appear to affect the alpha-tocopherol levels in milk. However, the influence of the variables maternal age, gestational age, biochemical nutritional status in alpha-tocopherol, and maternal supplementation with vitamin E had conflicting results in the literature. CONCLUSION Alpha-tocopherol concentration in milk decreases during lactation, until the mature milk appears. To confirm the influence of some maternal and child variables on milk vitamin E content, further studies with adequate design are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara S R Lima
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
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Lima MS, Dimenstein R, Ribeiro KD. Vitamin E concentration in human milk and associated factors: a literature review. JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Wang MS, Chang CL, Lee CI, Shaw HM. trans-10,cis-12 Conjugated linoleic acid specifically increases tissue α-tocopherol mediated by PPARγ inhibition in mice. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2014; 65:841-7. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2014.917150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Alterations in the extracellular catabolism of nucleotides and platelet aggregation induced by high-fat diet in rats: effects of α-tocopherol. J Physiol Biochem 2014; 70:487-96. [PMID: 24623516 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-014-0327-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess whether α-tocopherol administration prevented alterations in the ectonucleotidase activities and platelet aggregation induced by high-fat diet in rats. Thus, we examined four groups of male rats which received standard diet, high-fat diet (HFD), α-tocopherol (α-Toc), and high-fat diet plus α-tocopherol. HFD was administered ad libitum and α-Toc by gavage using a dose of 50 mg/kg. After 3 months of treatment, animals were submitted to euthanasia, and blood samples were collected for biochemical assays. Results demonstrate that NTPDase, ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase, and 5'-nucleotidase activities were significantly decreased in platelets of HFD group, while that adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity was significantly increased in this group in comparison to the other groups (P < 0.05). When rats that received HFD were treated with α-Toc, the activities of these enzymes were similar to the control, but ADA activity was significantly increased in relation to the control and α-Toc group (P < 0.05). HFD group showed an increased in platelet aggregation in comparison to the other groups, and treatment with α-Toc significantly reduced platelet aggregation in this group. These findings demonstrated that HFD alters platelet aggregation and purinergic signaling in the platelets and that treatment with α-Toc was capable of modulating the adenine nucleotide hydrolysis in this experimental condition.
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Cárdeno A, Sánchez-Hidalgo M, Cortes-Delgado A, Alarcón de la Lastra C. Mechanisms involved in the antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of unsaponifiable fraction of extra virgin olive oil on HT-29 cancer cells. Nutr Cancer 2014; 65:908-18. [PMID: 23909736 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2013.806674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) has demonstrated great oncostatic and antiinflammatory properties. Nowadays, it is clear that unsaponifiable fraction (UF) as well as other minor EVOO components have a key role in these beneficial effects. The present study was designed to evaluate UF effect in HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells. Cell growth and viability assays were determined by sulphorhodamine B test at different time points (24, 48, and 72 h). The proapoptotic effect was evaluated by flow cytometric studies and different protein expression were determined by immunoblotting. UF μg/mL concentrations' range significantly reduced the growth of HT-29 cell line. Moreover UF induced intrinsic apoptotic pathway in HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells through PPARγ and NFκB signaling pathways coming up to COX-2 downregulation and modulating p53 suppressor protein levels. The results suggest that UF of EVOO may exert an important role in the anticancer effect of EVOO and provide a natural resource for the prevention or treatment of human colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cárdeno
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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Kaga E, Karademir B, Baykal AT, Ozer NK. Identification of differentially expressed proteins in atherosclerotic aorta and effect of vitamin E. J Proteomics 2013; 92:260-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Chandra N, Jain NK, Sondhia S, Srivastava AB. Deltamethrin induced toxicity and ameliorative effect of alpha-tocopherol in broilers. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2013; 90:673-678. [PMID: 23511954 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-013-0981-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Deltamethrin (DM) is a broad-spectrum insecticide mainly used to protect crops, fruit and vegetables from pests such as mites, ants, weevils and beetles. Birds, animals and human beings living in same ecosystem are directly or indirectly at the risk of exposure to this insecticide leading to substantial decrease in growth. Thus we studied DM induced toxicity and ameliorative effects of alpha-tocopherol in broiler birds. DM was estimated in liver, breast and leg muscles of chickens feeding with only DM or DM with alpha-tocopherol daily for 42 days. Birds exposed to DM showed a dose dependent decrease in body weight on 5th, 6th and 7th weeks as compared to controls, and alpha-tocopherol partially restored the reduction in body weight. DM residue was found higher in liver as compared to breast and leg muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Chandra
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Madhya Pradesh Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur, M.P., India.
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Gutierres JM, Carvalho FB, Rosa MM, Schmatz R, Rodrigues M, Vieira JM, Mazzanti CM, Morsch VM, Rubin MA, Schetinger MRC, Spanevello RM. Protective effect of α-Tocopherol on memory deficits and Na+,K+-ATPase and acetylcholinesterase activities in rats with diet-induced hypercholesterolemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomag.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Yamaguchi N, Mezaki Y, Miura M, Imai K, Morii M, Hebiguchi T, Yoshikawa K. Antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of tocopherol and tocol on activated hepatic stellate cells. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2012; 57:317-25. [PMID: 22293208 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.57.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play crucial roles in liver fibrosis. In the course of liver injury, HSCs, which reside in perisinusoidal spaces and lose lipid droplets, morphologically change into a myofibroblastic phenotype and acquire an increased proliferation activity in what is known as the activated state. We have investigated therapeutic strategies for liver fibrosis by promoting spontaneous reversion or inducing apoptosis in activated HSCs. Vitamin E consists of four tocopherols and four tocotrienols, all of which are well-known antioxidants. In this study, the antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of a tocol, which lacks methyl groups attached to the chromanol ring, and four tocopherols were investigated using activated HSCs. δ-Tocopherol and tocol exhibited relatively high proliferation inhibitory and proapoptotic abilities. However, they did not show proliferation inhibition ability on primary hepatocytes or HepG2 cells. Significant cell detachment was also observed in δ-tocopherol- and tocol-treated HSCs. Decreased protein expressions of α-smooth muscle actin and β1 integrin were observed in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that δ-tocopherol and tocol induce anoikis in activated HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Yamaguchi
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan.
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Betti M, Minelli A, Ambrogini P, Ciuffoli S, Viola V, Galli F, Canonico B, Lattanzi D, Colombo E, Sestili P, Cuppini R. Dietary supplementation with α-tocopherol reduces neuroinflammation and neuronal degeneration in the rat brain after kainic acid-induced status epilepticus. Free Radic Res 2011; 45:1136-42. [PMID: 21749318 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2011.597750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin E (as α-tocopherol, α-T) is proposed to alleviate glia-mediated inflammation in neurological diseases, but such a role in epilepsy is still elusive. This study investigated the effect of α-T supplementation on glial activation, neuronal cell death and oxidative stress of rat brain exposed to kainate-induced seizures. Animals were fed for 2 weeks with a α-T-enriched diet (estimated intake of 750 mg/kg/day) before undergoing status epilepticus. Compliance to supplementation was demonstrated by the remarkable increase in brain α-T. Four days after seizure, brain α-T returned to baseline and lipid peroxidation markers decreased as compared to non-supplemented rats. Status epilepticus induced a lower up-regulation of astrocytic and microglial antigens (GFAP and MHC II, respectively) and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) in supplemented than in non-supplemented animals. This anti-inflammatory effect was associated with a lower neuronal cell death. In conclusion, α-T dietary supplementation prevents oxidative stress, neuroglial over-activation and cell death occurring after kainate-induced seizures. This evidence paves the way to an anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective role of α-T interventions in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Betti
- Department of Earth, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, I-61029 Urbino, Italy. CA126659
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Catchpole G, Platzer A, Weikert C, Kempkensteffen C, Johannsen M, Krause H, Jung K, Miller K, Willmitzer L, Selbig J, Weikert S. Metabolic profiling reveals key metabolic features of renal cell carcinoma. J Cell Mol Med 2011; 15:109-18. [PMID: 19845817 PMCID: PMC3822498 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00939.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that metabolic changes play a pivotal role in the biology of cancer and in particular renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Here, a global metabolite profiling approach was applied to characterize the metabolite pool of RCC and normal renal tissue. Advanced decision tree models were applied to characterize the metabolic signature of RCC and to explore features of metastasized tumours. The findings were validated in a second independent dataset. Vitamin E derivates and metabolites of glucose, fatty acid, and inositol phosphate metabolism determined the metabolic profile of RCC. α-tocopherol, hippuric acid, myoinositol, fructose-1-phosphate and glucose-1-phosphate contributed most to the tumour/normal discrimination and all showed pronounced concentration changes in RCC. The identified metabolic profile was characterized by a low recognition error of only 5% for tumour versus normal samples. Data on metastasized tumours suggested a key role for metabolic pathways involving arachidonic acid, free fatty acids, proline, uracil and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. These results illustrate the potential of mass spectroscopy based metabolomics in conjunction with sophisticated data analysis methods to uncover the metabolic phenotype of cancer. Differentially regulated metabolites, such as vitamin E compounds, hippuric acid and myoinositol, provide leads for the characterization of novel pathways in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth Catchpole
- Department of Central Metabolism, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Golm, Germany
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Vitamin E supplementation increases the attractiveness of males' scent for female European green lizards. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19410. [PMID: 21552540 PMCID: PMC3084291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In spite that chemoreception is important in sexual selection for many animals, such as reptiles, the mechanisms that confer reliability to chemical signals are relatively unknown. European green lizards (Lacerta viridis) have substantial amounts of α-tocopherol ( = vitamin E) in their femoral secretions. Because vitamin E is metabolically important and can only be attained from the diet, its secretion is assumed to be costly. However, its role in intraspecific communication is unknown. Methodology/Principal Findings Here, we experimentally show that male European green lizards that received a dietary supplement of vitamin E increased proportions of vitamin E in their femoral secretions. Furthermore, our experiments revealed that females preferred to use areas scent marked by males with experimentally increased vitamin E levels in their secretions. Finally, female preferences were stronger when vitamin E differences between a pair of males' secretions were larger. Conclusions/Significance Our results demonstrate that female green lizards are able to discriminate between males based on the vitamin E content of the males' femoral secretions. We suggest that the possible cost of allocating vitamin E to secretions, which might be dependent on male quality, may be a mechanism that confers reliability to scent marks of green lizards and allows their evolution as sexual signals.
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Lama-Muñoz A, Rodríguez-Gutiérrez G, Rubio-Senent F, Gómez-Carretero A, Fernández-Bolaños J. New hydrothermal treatment of alperujo enhances the content of bioactive minor components in crude pomace olive oil. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:1115-1123. [PMID: 21265536 DOI: 10.1021/jf103555h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The application of a new process based on the hydrothermal treatment of olive oil waste (alperujo) led to a final solid rich in pomace olive oil (POO) enriched in minor components with functional activities. The effects of the time (15-90 min) and the temperature (150, 160, and 170 °C) of the thermal processing of alperujo on the yield, quality, and enrichment of minor components of crude POO were evaluated. The final treated solid had an increase in oil yield up to 97%, with a reduction in solids up to 35.6-47.6% by solubilization. Sterols increased up to 33%, aliphatic alcohols increased up to 92%, triterpenic alcohols increased up to 31%, squalene increased up to 43%, tocopherols increased up to 57%, and oleanolic acid increased up to 16% by the new treatment. The increase maintains a high concentration of functional substances probably even in the refining POO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Lama-Muñoz
- Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Padre García Tejero 4, Sevilla 41012, Spain
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