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Singh N, Tyagi N, Singh M, Kushwaha HR, Sharma RK, Shree P, Mittal A, Chopra R, Garg M. Characterization, phytochemical profiling, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity of underutilized medicinal plants and composite flour. Food Chem 2024; 456:139985. [PMID: 38878533 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
In this investigation, three medicinal plant powders and a composite flour developed from them were analyzed. FESEM/EDS illustrated irregularly shaped particles in the plant powders except for Withania, which had round to oval shape particles. XRD analysis displayed a semi-crystalline nature of powders, except for Asparagus, which showed amorphous behavior. Both methanol and ethanol plant extracts exhibited significantly higher antioxidants, total phenols, and cell viability. Amongst, optimized composite flour (OCF) methanolic extract demonstrated the highest total phenolic content (69.2 ± 0.11 μg GAE/ml), potent cell viability against A549 cells (3.35 ± 0.15% at 50 μg/ml), and strong free-radical scavenging activity (48.89 ± 0.67 at 200 μg/ml). GCMS and FTIR analyses of the methanolic extracts demonstrated the presence of essential phytoconstituents and functional groups. In silico studies of the phytocomponents, ethyl isoallocholate, 3-Deoxy-d-mannoic lactone, and 4,5-Diamino-2-hydroxypyrimidine suggested good binding affinity against BAX, P53, and EGFR proteins with no toxicity and a good drug score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Singh
- Department of Food Technology, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Science, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
| | - Nipanshi Tyagi
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Manish Singh
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Hemant Ritturaj Kushwaha
- School of Biotechnology and Special Centre for Systems Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
| | - Rakesh Kumar Sharma
- Green Chemistry Network Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
| | - Pallee Shree
- Department of Zoology, Lady Irwin College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Avneesh Mittal
- Department of Electronics, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Science, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
| | - Rajni Chopra
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonipat, Haryana, India
| | - Meenakshi Garg
- Department of Food Technology, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Science, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
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2
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Youn J, Li F, Simmons G, Kim S, Tagkopoulos I. FoodAtlas: Automated knowledge extraction of food and chemicals from literature. Comput Biol Med 2024; 181:109072. [PMID: 39216404 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.109072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Automated generation of knowledge graphs that accurately capture published information can help with knowledge organization and access, which have the potential to accelerate discovery and innovation. Here, we present an integrated pipeline to construct a large-scale knowledge graph using large language models in an active learning setting. We apply our pipeline to the association of raw food, ingredients, and chemicals, a domain that lacks such knowledge resources. By using an iterative active learning approach of 4120 manually curated premise-hypothesis pairs as training data for ten consecutive cycles, the entailment model extracted 230,848 food-chemical composition relationships from 155,260 scientific papers, with 106,082 (46.0 %) of them never been reported in any published database. To augment the knowledge incorporated in the knowledge graph, we further incorporated information from 5 external databases and ontology sources. We then applied a link prediction model to identify putative food-chemical relationships that were not part of the constructed knowledge graph. Validation of the 443 hypotheses generated by the link prediction model resulted in 355 new food-chemical relationships, while results show that the model score correlates well (R2 = 0.70) with the probability of a novel finding. This work demonstrates how automated learning from literature at scale can accelerate discovery and support practical applications through reproducible, evidence-based capture of latent interactions of diverse entities, such as food and chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Youn
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; USDA/NSF AI Institute for Next Generation Food Systems, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Fangzhou Li
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; USDA/NSF AI Institute for Next Generation Food Systems, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Gabriel Simmons
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; USDA/NSF AI Institute for Next Generation Food Systems, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Shanghyeon Kim
- Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; USDA/NSF AI Institute for Next Generation Food Systems, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Ilias Tagkopoulos
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; USDA/NSF AI Institute for Next Generation Food Systems, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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3
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Jouhet J, Alves E, Boutté Y, Darnet S, Domergue F, Durand T, Fischer P, Fouillen L, Grube M, Joubès J, Kalnenieks U, Kargul JM, Khozin-Goldberg I, Leblanc C, Letsiou S, Lupette J, Markov GV, Medina I, Melo T, Mojzeš P, Momchilova S, Mongrand S, Moreira ASP, Neves BB, Oger C, Rey F, Santaeufemia S, Schaller H, Schleyer G, Tietel Z, Zammit G, Ziv C, Domingues R. Plant and algal lipidomes: Analysis, composition, and their societal significance. Prog Lipid Res 2024; 96:101290. [PMID: 39094698 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Plants and algae play a crucial role in the earth's ecosystems. Through photosynthesis they convert light energy into chemical energy, capture CO2 and produce oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds. Photosynthetic organisms are primary producers and synthesize the essential omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids. They have also unique and highly diverse complex lipids, such as glycolipids, phospholipids, triglycerides, sphingolipids and phytosterols, with nutritional and health benefits. Plant and algal lipids are useful in food, feed, nutraceutical, cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical industries but also for green chemistry and bioenergy. The analysis of plant and algal lipidomes represents a significant challenge due to the intricate and diverse nature of their composition, as well as their plasticity under changing environmental conditions. Optimization of analytical tools is crucial for an in-depth exploration of the lipidome of plants and algae. This review highlights how lipidomics analytical tools can be used to establish a complete mapping of plant and algal lipidomes. Acquiring this knowledge will pave the way for the use of plants and algae as sources of tailored lipids for both industrial and environmental applications. This aligns with the main challenges for society, upholding the natural resources of our planet and respecting their limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Jouhet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS/INRAE/CEA/Grenoble Alpes Univ., 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Eliana Alves
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Yohann Boutté
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200 CNRS-Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | | | - Frédéric Domergue
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200 CNRS-Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, University of Montpellier, ENSCN, UMR 5247 CNRS, France
| | - Pauline Fischer
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, University of Montpellier, ENSCN, UMR 5247 CNRS, France
| | - Laetitia Fouillen
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200 CNRS-Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - Mara Grube
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Jérôme Joubès
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200 CNRS-Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - Uldis Kalnenieks
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Joanna M Kargul
- Solar Fuels Laboratory, Center of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Inna Khozin-Goldberg
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Dryland Agriculture and Biotechnology, The J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University, Midreshet Ben Gurion 8499000, Israel
| | - Catherine Leblanc
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Sophia Letsiou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica, Ag. Spiridonos str. Egaleo, 12243 Athens, Greece
| | - Josselin Lupette
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200 CNRS-Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - Gabriel V Markov
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Isabel Medina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, E-36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Tânia Melo
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal; CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Peter Mojzeš
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, CZ-12116 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Svetlana Momchilova
- Department of Lipid Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, bl. 9, BG-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Sébastien Mongrand
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200 CNRS-Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - Ana S P Moreira
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Bruna B Neves
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal; CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, University of Montpellier, ENSCN, UMR 5247 CNRS, France
| | - Felisa Rey
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal; CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Sergio Santaeufemia
- Solar Fuels Laboratory, Center of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hubert Schaller
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, F-67083 Strasbourg, France
| | - Guy Schleyer
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (Leibniz-HKI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Zipora Tietel
- Department of Food Science, Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, M.P. Negev 8531100, Israel
| | - Gabrielle Zammit
- Laboratory of Applied Phycology, Department of Biology, University of Malta, Msida MSD 2080, Malta
| | - Carmit Ziv
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Rosário Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal; CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal.
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Hawker P, Zhang L, Liu L. Mas-related G protein-coupled receptors in gastrointestinal dysfunction and inflammatory bowel disease: A review. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:2197-2211. [PMID: 36787888 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic debilitating condition, hallmarked by persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Despite recent advances in clinical treatments, the aetiology of IBD is unknown, and a large proportion of patients are refractory to pharmacotherapy. Understanding IBD immunopathogenesis is crucial to discern the cause of IBD and optimise treatments. Mas-related G protein-coupled receptors (Mrgprs) are a family of approximately 50 G protein-coupled receptors that were first identified over 20 years ago. Originally known for their expression in skin nociceptors and their role in transmitting the sensation of itch in the periphery, new reports have described the presence of Mrgprs in the gastrointestinal tract. In this review, we consider the impact of these findings and assess the evidence that suggests that Mrgprs may be involved in the disrupted homeostatic processes that contribute to gastrointestinal disorders and IBD. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue Therapeutic Targeting of G Protein-Coupled Receptors: hot topics from the Australasian Society of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacologists and Toxicologists 2021 Virtual Annual Scientific Meeting. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.14/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Hawker
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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5
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Kang E, Lee J, Seo S, Uddin S, Lee S, Han SB, Cho S. Regulation of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant responses by methanol extract of Mikania cordata (Burm. f.) B. L. Rob. leaves via the inactivation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways and activation of Nrf2 in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115746. [PMID: 37864893 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mikania cordata (Burm. f.) B.L. Rob. has been traditionally used in tropical countries throughout Asia and Africa to treat gastric ulcers, dyspepsia, and dysentery. However, the mechanisms responsible for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities are not fully understood. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of methanol extracts of M. cordata (MMC) on inflammation and oxidative stress in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine RAW 264.7 macrophages and elucidate its underlying regulatory mechanism. MMC significantly suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages by downregulating the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) at both the mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, MMC effectively reduced the mRNA expression levels and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). These suppressive effects of MMC on pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines were mediated through the inhibition of transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), which subsequently blocked the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). MMC also upregulated the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) by inducing the degradation of Kelch-like ECH-related protein 1 (Keap1), an Nrf2-specific E3 ligase. Accordingly, MMC enhanced Nrf2 target gene expression of anti-oxidative regulators such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). However, it had minimal effect on the DPPH radical scavenging capacity in vitro. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that MMC holds promise as a potential therapeutic agent for alleviating inflammation-related diseases and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjeong Kang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Pharmacological Cell Biology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular and Pharmacological Cell Biology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumin Seo
- Laboratory of Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Salah Uddin
- Ethnobotanical Database of Bangladesh, Tejgaon Dhaka, 1208, Bangladesh
| | - Sangwoo Lee
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Beom Han
- Laboratory of Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Sayeon Cho
- Laboratory of Molecular and Pharmacological Cell Biology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
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Lakshimi VI, Kavitha M. New Insights into Prospective Health Potential of ω-3 PUFAs. Curr Nutr Rep 2023; 12:813-829. [PMID: 37996669 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00508-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid are the two essential long-chain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) promoting human health which are obtained from diet or supplementation. The eicosanoids derived from ω-6 and ω-3 PUFAs have opposite characteristics of pro- and anti-inflammatory activities. The proinflammatory effects of ω-6 PUFAs are behind the pathology of the adverse health conditions of PUFA metabolism like cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, and inflammatory diseases. A balanced ω-6 to ω-3 ratio of 1-4:1 is critical to prevent the associated disorders. But due to modern agricultural practices, there is a disastrous shift in this ratio to 10-20:1. This review primarily aims to discuss the myriad health potentials of ω-3 PUFAs uncovered through recent research. It further manifests the importance of maintaining a balanced ω-6 to ω-3 PUFA ratio. RECENT FINDINGS ω-3 PUFAs exhibit protective effects against diabetes mellitus-associated complications including diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, and proteinuria. COVID-19 is also not an exception to the health benefits of ω-3 PUFAs. Supplementation of ω-3 PUFAs improved the respiratory and clinical symptoms in COVID-19 patients. ω-3 PUFAs exhibit a variety of health benefits including anti-inflammatory property and antimicrobial property and are effective in protecting against various health conditions like atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, COVID-19, and neurological disorders. In the present review, various health potentials of ω-3 PUFAs are extensively reviewed and summarized. Further, the importance of a balanced ω-6 to ω-3 PUFA ratio has been emphasized besides stating the diverse sources of ω-3 PUFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Iswareya Lakshimi
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Kavitha
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Zhao W, Wang Y, Liu X, Wang Y, Yuan X, Zhao G, Cui H. Multi-Omics Analysis of Genes Encoding Proteins Involved in Alpha-Linolenic Acid Metabolism in Chicken. Foods 2023; 12:3988. [PMID: 37959108 PMCID: PMC10648152 DOI: 10.3390/foods12213988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, ω-3) is an antioxidant that reduces triglyceride (TG) levels in blood, a component of cell membranes and a precursor compound of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, ω-3) and eicosatrienoic acid (DHA, ω-3). Fatty acid content is a quantitative trait regulated by multiple genes, and the key genes regulating fatty acid metabolism have not been systematically identified. This study aims at investigating the protein-encoding genes regulating ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content in chicken meat. We integrated genomics, transcriptomics and lipidomics data of Jingxing yellow chicken (JXY) to explore the interactions and associations among multiple genes involved in the regulation of fatty acid metabolism. Several key genes and pathways regulating ω-3 fatty acid metabolism in chickens were identified. The upregulation of GRB10 inhibited the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby improving the content of EPA and DHA. The downregulation of FGFR3 facilitated the conversion of ALA to EPA. Additionally, we analyzed the effects of ALA supplementation dose on glycerol esters (GLs), phospholipid (PL) and fatty acyl (FA) contents, as well as the regulatory mechanisms of nutritional responses in FFA metabolism. This study provides a basis for identifying genes and pathways that regulate the content of FFAs, and offers a reference for nutritional regulation systems in production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Huanxian Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (W.Z.); (Y.W.); (X.L.); (Y.W.); (X.Y.); (G.Z.)
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El-Ansary A, Al-Ayadhi L. Effects of Walnut and Pumpkin on Selective Neurophenotypes of Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Case Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:4564. [PMID: 37960217 PMCID: PMC10647375 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Special diets or nutritional supplements are regularly given to treat children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The increased consumption of particular foods has been demonstrated in numerous trials to lessen autism-related symptoms and comorbidities. A case study on a boy with moderate autism who significantly improved after three years of following a healthy diet consisting of pumpkin and walnuts was examined in this review in connection to a few different neurophenotypes of ASD. We are able to suggest that a diet high in pumpkin and walnuts was useful in improving the clinical presentation of the ASD case evaluated by reducing oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, glutamate excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and altered gut microbiota, all of which are etiological variables. Using illustrated figures, a full description of the ways by which a diet high in pumpkin and nuts could assist the included case is offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf El-Ansary
- Autism Center, Lotus Holistic Alternative Medical Center, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 110281, United Arab Emirates
- Autism Research and Treatment Center, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Laila Al-Ayadhi
- Autism Research and Treatment Center, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Aydın Kurç M, Orak HH, Gülen D, Caliskan H, Argon M, Sabudak T. Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Efficacy of the Lipophilic Extract of Cirsium vulgare. Molecules 2023; 28:7177. [PMID: 37894654 PMCID: PMC10609082 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the compounds in the hexane extract of Cirsium vulgare (Savi.) Ten. and to determine the antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities of different extracts. The Cirsium vulgare (NGBB 7229) plant was collected from Turkey's Trakya region. Crude extracts were obtained using different solvents. The chemical composition of Cirsium vulgare was determined in hexane extract using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The antioxidant activities of the extracts were evaluated by Trolox equivalent antioxidant activity (TEAC), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), cupric-reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), the β-carotene bleaching method, and the determination of superoxide anion scavenging activities. The antibacterial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, and Salmonella typhimurium, whereas the antifungal activity was tested against Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei, Penicillium chrysogenum, and Aspergillus fumigatus by applying microdilution methods. A total of 41 bioactive compounds were identified using the GC-MS library. Terpenoids were found to be dominant (52.89%), and lup-20(29)-en-3-yl-acetate and lupeol were the most abundant terpenoids. The highest total flavonoid content (25.73 mg catechin/g) and antioxidant capacity were found in the methanolic extract. The highest antibacterial activity was detected against Bacillus subtilis in the ethyl acetate extract, and the highest antifungal activity was found against Candida krusei and Aspergillus fumigatus in the hexane extract. The observed antioxidant characteristics of the C. vulgare extracts could be attributed to the presence of flavonoids. The high antifungal activity of the hexane extract against all fungal strains can be attributed to its constituents, i.e., terpenoids. This study discloses the potential antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, including some bioactive components, of Cirsium vulgare and implies that Cirsium vulgare holds possible applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries as an antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mine Aydın Kurç
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, 59030 Tekirdag, Turkey;
| | - Hakime Hülya Orak
- Department of Food Technology, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, 59030 Tekirdag, Turkey;
| | - Dumrul Gülen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, 59030 Tekirdag, Turkey;
| | - Hilmican Caliskan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, 59030 Tekirdag, Turkey; (H.C.); (M.A.); (T.S.)
| | - Merve Argon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, 59030 Tekirdag, Turkey; (H.C.); (M.A.); (T.S.)
| | - Temine Sabudak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, 59030 Tekirdag, Turkey; (H.C.); (M.A.); (T.S.)
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Yan D, Ye S, He Y, Wang S, Xiao Y, Xiang X, Deng M, Luo W, Chen X, Wang X. Fatty acids and lipid mediators in inflammatory bowel disease: from mechanism to treatment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1286667. [PMID: 37868958 PMCID: PMC10585177 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1286667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. Though the pathogenesis of IBD remains unclear, diet is increasingly recognized as a pivotal factor influencing its onset and progression. Fatty acids, essential components of dietary lipids, play diverse roles in IBD, ranging from anti-inflammatory and immune-regulatory functions to gut-microbiota modulation and barrier maintenance. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), products of indigestible dietary fiber fermentation by gut microbiota, have strong anti-inflammatory properties and are seen as key protective factors against IBD. Among long-chain fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids exhibit pro-inflammatory effects, while oleic acid and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids display anti-inflammatory actions. Lipid mediators derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids serve as bioactive molecules, influencing immune cell functions and offering both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory benefits. Recent research has also highlighted the potential of medium- and very long-chain fatty acids in modulating inflammation, mucosal barriers, and gut microbiota in IBD. Given these insights, dietary intervention and supplementation with short-chain fatty acids are emerging as potential therapeutic strategies for IBD. This review elucidates the impact of various fatty acids and lipid mediators on IBD and delves into potential therapeutic avenues stemming from these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuyu Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Non-Resolving Inflammation and Cancer, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yue He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sidan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Non-Resolving Inflammation and Cancer, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Non-Resolving Inflammation and Cancer, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Minzi Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Non-Resolving Inflammation and Cancer, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weiwei Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Non-Resolving Inflammation and Cancer, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuejie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Non-Resolving Inflammation and Cancer, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Non-Resolving Inflammation and Cancer, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Ben-Mustapha Y, Ben-Fradj MK, Hadj-Taieb S, Serghini M, Ben Ahmed M, Boubaker J, Feki M. Altered mucosal and plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids, oxylipins, and endocannabinoids profiles in Crohn's disease. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2023; 168:106741. [PMID: 37149256 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2023.106741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Selected mucosal and plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and related oxylipins and endocannabinoids were determined in 28 Crohn's disease (CD) patients and 39 controls. Fasting blood and colonic biopsies were collected in all participants, during a disease flare for the patients. Thirty-two lipid mediators including PUFAs, oxylipins, and endocannabinoids were assessed by LC-MS/MS. The pattern of lipid mediators in CD patients is characterized by an increase in arachidonic acid-derived oxylipins and endocannabinoids and a decrease in n-3 PUFAs and related endocannabinoids. A model combining increased 6-epi-lipoxin A4 and 2-arachidonyl glycerol with decreased docoasapentaenoic acid in plasma fairly discriminates patients from controls and may represent a lipidomic signature for CD flare. The study findings suggest that lipid mediators are involved in CD pathophysiology and may serve as biomarkers for disease flare. Further research is required to confirm the role of these bioactive lipids and test their therapeutic potential in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamina Ben-Mustapha
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia; University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia; Rabta Hospital, Laboratory of Biochemistry & LR99ES11, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Kacem Ben-Fradj
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia; Rabta Hospital, Laboratory of Biochemistry & LR99ES11, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sameh Hadj-Taieb
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia; Rabta Hospital, Laboratory of Biochemistry & LR99ES11, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Meriem Serghini
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia; Rabta Hospital, Service of Gastroenterology A, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Melika Ben Ahmed
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia; Institute Pasteur of Tunis, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, 1002, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Jalel Boubaker
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia; Rabta Hospital, Service of Gastroenterology A, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Moncef Feki
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia; Rabta Hospital, Laboratory of Biochemistry & LR99ES11, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia.
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12
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Kayama H, Takeda K. Emerging roles of host and microbial bioactive lipids in inflammatory bowel diseases. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2249866. [PMID: 37191284 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202249866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal tract harbors diverse microorganisms, host- and microbiota-derived metabolites, and potentially harmful dietary antigens. The epithelial barrier separates the mucosa, where diverse immune cells exist, from the lumen to avoid excessive immune reactions against microbes and dietary antigens. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, is characterized by a chronic and relapsing disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. Although the precise etiology of IBD is still largely unknown, accumulating evidence suggests that IBD is multifactorial, involving host genetics and microbiota. Alterations in the metabolomic profiles and microbial community are features of IBD. Advances in mass spectrometry-based lipidomic technologies enable the identification of changes in the composition of intestinal lipid species in IBD. Because lipids have a wide range of functions, including signal transduction and cell membrane formation, the dysregulation of lipid metabolism drastically affects the physiology of the host and microorganisms. Therefore, a better understanding of the intimate interactions of intestinal lipids with host cells that are implicated in the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation might aid in the identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for IBD. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the mechanisms by which host and microbial lipids control and maintain intestinal health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisako Kayama
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- WPI, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takeda
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- WPI, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Center for Infection Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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13
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Mackei M, Sebők C, Vöröházi J, Tráj P, Mackei F, Oláh B, Fébel H, Neogrády Z, Mátis G. Detrimental consequences of tebuconazole on redox homeostasis and fatty acid profile of honeybee brain. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 159:103990. [PMID: 37488035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2023.103990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Excessive use of azole fungicides in agriculture poses a potential threat to honeybees and other pollinator insects; however, the detailed effects of these molecules remain largely unclear. Hence, in the present study it was aimed to investigate the acute sublethal effects of tebuconazole on the redox homeostasis and fatty acid composition in the brain of honeybees. Our findings demonstrate that tebuconazole decreased total antioxidant capacity, the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione and disturbed the function of key antioxidant defense enzymes along with the induction of lipid peroxidation indicated by increased malondialdehyde levels, while it also altered the fatty acid profile of the brain. The present study highlights the negative impact of tebuconazole on honeybees and contributes to the understanding of potential consequences related to azole exposure on pollinator insects' health, such as the occurrence of colony collapse disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máté Mackei
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István Street 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István Street 2, H-1078, Hungary.
| | - Csilla Sebők
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István Street 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Júlia Vöröházi
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István Street 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Patrik Tráj
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István Street 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Fruzsina Mackei
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István Street 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barnabás Oláh
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István Street 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hedvig Fébel
- Nutrition Physiology Research Group, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Kaposvár Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gesztenyés Street 1, H-2053 Herceghalom, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Neogrády
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István Street 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Mátis
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István Street 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István Street 2, H-1078, Hungary
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14
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Fan N, Fusco JL, Rosenberg DW. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Walnut Constituents: Focus on Personalized Cancer Prevention and the Microbiome. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:982. [PMID: 37237848 PMCID: PMC10215340 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12050982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Walnuts have been lauded as a 'superfood', containing a remarkable array of natural constituents that may have additive and/or synergistic properties that contribute to reduced cancer risk. Walnuts are a rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs: alpha-linolenic acid, ALA), tocopherols, antioxidant polyphenols (including ellagitannins), and prebiotics, including fiber (2 g/oz). There is a growing body of evidence that walnuts may contribute in a positive way to the gut microbiome, having a prebiotic potential that promotes the growth of beneficial bacteria. Studies supporting this microbiome-modifying potential include both preclinical cancer models as well as several promising human clinical trials. Mediated both directly and indirectly via its actions on the microbiome, many of the beneficial properties of walnuts are related to a range of anti-inflammatory properties, including powerful effects on the immune system. Among the most potent constituents of walnuts are the ellagitannins, primarily pedunculagin. After ingestion, the ellagitannins are hydrolyzed at low pH to release ellagic acid (EA), a non-flavonoid polyphenolic that is subsequently metabolized by the microbiota to the bioactive urolithins (hydroxydibenzo[b,d]pyran-6-ones). Several urolithins, including urolithin A, reportedly have potent anti-inflammatory properties. These properties of walnuts provide the rationale for including this tree nut as part of a healthy diet for reducing overall disease risk, including colorectal cancer. This review considers the latest information regarding the potential anti-cancer and antioxidant properties of walnuts and how they may be incorporated into the diet to provide additional health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel W. Rosenberg
- Center for Molecular Oncology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030-3101, USA
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Ding Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Dang B, Hu S, Zhao C, Huang Y, Zheng G, Ma T, Zhang T. Alpha-linolenic acid improves nasal mucosa epithelial barrier function in allergic rhinitis by arresting CD4 + T cell differentiation via IL-4Rα-JAK2-STAT3 pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 116:154825. [PMID: 37178572 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic rhinitis (AR) defined as inflammation and tissue remodeling of the nasal mucosa in atopic individuals after allergen exposure. Alpha-linolenic acid [cis-9, cis-12, cis-15-octadecatrienoic acid (18:3)] (ALA) as dietary supplementation can reduce inflammation and allergic symptoms. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the potential therapeutic effect and mechanism of ALA in AR mouse model. METHODS Ovalbumin sensitized AR mouse model were challenged with oral ALA administration. Nasal symptoms, tissue pathology, immune cell infiltration and goblet cell hyperplasia were investigated. Levels of IgE, TNF-β, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-12, IL-13 and IL-25 were determined by ELISA in serum and nasal fluid. Quantitative RT-PCR and immunofluorescence were performed for occludin and zonula occludens-1 expression. CD3+CD4+ T-cells from peripheral blood and splenic lymphocytes were isolated and Th1/Th2 ratio were determined. Mouse naive CD4+ T cell were isolated and Th1/Th2 ratio, IL-4Rα expression, and IL5/IL13 secretion were determined. IL-4Rα-JAK2-STAT3 pathway change in AR mice were performed by western blot. RESULTS Ovalbumin induced AR, nasal symptoms, pathological performance, IgE, and cytokine production. ALA treated mice showed reduced nasal symptoms, nasal inflammation, nasal septum thickening, goblet cell hyperplasia, and eosinophil infiltration. In serum and nasal fluid of ovalbumin challenged mice, ALA decreased IgE, IL-4 levels, and the increase of Th2-cells. ALA prevented the disruption of the epithelial cell barrier in ovalbumin-challenged AR mice. Simultaneously, ALA prevents IL-4 induced barrier disruption. ALA treatment of AR by affecting the differentiation stage of CD4+T cells and block IL-4Rα-JAK2-STAT3 pathway. CONCLUSION This study suggests that ALA has the potential therapeutic effect to ovalbumin-induced AR. ALA can affect the differentiation stage of CD4+T cells and improve epithelial barrier functions through IL-4Rα-JAK2-STAT3 pathways. CLINICAL IMPLICATION ALA might be considered as drug candidate for improving epithelial barrier function through Th1/Th2 ratio recovery in AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ding
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yuejin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Baowen Dang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Shiting Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Chenrui Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yihan Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Guodong Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Tianyou Ma
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China.
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16
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Ajayi AM, Ola CB, Ezeagu MB, Adeleke PA, John KA, Ologe MO, Ben-Azu B, Umukoro S. Chemical characterization, anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of Plukenetia conophora seed oil in experimental rodent models. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 305:116017. [PMID: 36529252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The seed of the African walnut, Plukenetia conophora Mull.-Arg is well-known for its nutritional and medicinal values. The seed oil is widely used in massages to relieve pain, as nerve tonic and to enhance sexual performance. OBJECTIVE The study aimed at investigating the chemical profile, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of P. conophora oil (PCO). METHODS Seed oil of P. conophora was characterized using Gas-Liquid Chromatographic method (GC-MS) and oral acute toxicity evaluated at 2000 mg/kg. Antinociceptive effects were evaluated in hot plate, acetic acid and formalin-induced paw licking tests. The anti-inflammatory effects were investigated in egg albumin and carrageenan-, formalin and complete Freund adjuvant (CFA)-induced paw oedema models. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the fluid exudates were also evaluated in carrageenan air pouch model. RESULTS PCO exhibited high content of alpha linolenic acid (ALA). No toxicity was observed at 2000 mg/kg of PCO. PCO (50-200 mg/kg) demonstrated significant anti-nociceptive activity in pain models. PCO exhibited anti-inflammatory activity against oedema formation by phlogistic agents. The increased inflammatory oedema and oxidative stress in CFA-treated rats were also attenuated by PCO. The PCO (100 and 200 mg/kg) significantly reduced the levels of TNF-α (59.3% and 85.2%) and IL-6 (27.5% and 72.5%) in carrageenan-induced air pouch model. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that ALA-rich seed oil of Plukenetia conophora demonstrated anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities via inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress, lending supportive evidences for its use in painful inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abayomi M Ajayi
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria.
| | - Christie B Ola
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria.
| | - Maduka B Ezeagu
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria.
| | - Paul A Adeleke
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria.
| | - Kayode A John
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria.
| | - Mary O Ologe
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria.
| | - Solomon Umukoro
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria.
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Mandalari G, Gervasi T, Rosenberg DW, Lapsley KG, Baer DJ. Effect of Nuts on Gastrointestinal Health. Nutrients 2023; 15:1733. [PMID: 37049572 PMCID: PMC10096892 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuts are high nutrient-dense foods containing healthy lipids, dietary fiber, and bioactive phytochemicals, including vitamins and minerals. Although the beneficial effect of nut consumption on different chronic diseases has been well documented, especially in relation to their cardiometabolic benefits, less scientific evidence is available on their possible beneficial effects on gastrointestinal health. In this narrative review, we summarize the most important findings and new research perspectives in relation to the importance of nut consumption on gastrointestinal health. The integrity of the cell wall structure, cell size and particle size after mastication are known to play a crucial role in energy, nutrient and bioactive release from nuts during digestion, therefore affecting bioaccessibility. Other mechanisms, such as cell wall composition, thickness and porosity, as well as stability of the membranes surrounding the oil bodies within the cell, are also important for energy extraction. As the undigested nutrients and phytochemicals are delivered to the colon, effects on gut microbiota composition are predicted. Although the overall effect of nut consumption on microbial alpha- and beta-diversity has been inconsistent, some scientific evidence suggests an increase in fecal butyrate after almond consumption, and a beneficial role of walnuts on the prevention of ulcerative colitis and protection against the development of gastric mucosal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Mandalari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Teresa Gervasi
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Daniel W. Rosenberg
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030-3101, USA
| | | | - David J. Baer
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
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Joardar A, Pandia S, Chakraborty H. Effect of polyunsaturated free fatty acids on the membrane fusion mechanism. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:733-742. [PMID: 36617878 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01474b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Membrane fusion is one of the important processes for the survival of eukaryotic cells and the entry of enveloped viruses into the host cells. Lipid composition plays a crucial role by modulating the organization and dynamics of the membrane, as well as the structure and conformation of membrane proteins. The diversity of the lipid acyl chain in its length and degree of unsaturation originates from the variation in free fatty acids (FFAs). We have studied the effect of linoleic (LA) and alpha-linolenic (ALA) acids on the depth-dependent organization, dynamics, and fusion of DOPC/DOPE (70/30 mol%) membranes utilizing steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopic methods. Our results suggest that membranes with 5 mol% LA stabilize the stalk-intermediate and promote lipid mixing at the early stage of the process, i.e., the fusion follows the classical stalk model. Conversely, the extents of lipid and content mixing at the stalk intermediate are similar in the presence of 5 mol% of ALA, indicating the fusion mechanism as a nonclassical one like in the DOPC/DOPE (70/30 mol%) membranes. Our results provide an in-depth insight into the effect of the increasing degree of fatty acid tail unsaturation on membrane organization and dynamics and their impact on the membrane fusion mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Joardar
- School of Chemistry, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla, Odisha 768 019, India.
| | - Swaratmika Pandia
- School of Chemistry, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla, Odisha 768 019, India.
| | - Hirak Chakraborty
- School of Chemistry, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla, Odisha 768 019, India.
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Exploring the anti-inflammatory bioactive metabolites of some marine algae through integration of metabolomics, network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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20
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Inflammatory auto-immune diseases of the intestine and their management by natural bioactive compounds. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113158. [PMID: 35644116 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are caused by the overactivity of the immune system towards self-constituents. Risk factors of autoimmune diseases are multiple and include genetic, epigenetic, environmental, and psychological. Autoimmune chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, including celiac and inflammatory diseases (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis), constitute a significant health problem worldwide. Besides the complexity of the symptoms of these diseases, their treatments have only been palliative. Numerous investigations showed that natural phytochemicals could be promising strategies to fight against these autoimmune diseases. In this respect, plant-derived natural compounds such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, and terpenoids exhibited significant effects against three autoimmune diseases affecting the intestine, particularly bowel diseases. This review focuses on the role of natural compounds obtained from medicinal plants in modulating inflammatory auto-immune diseases of the intestine. It covers the most recent literature related to the effect of these natural compounds in the treatment and prevention of auto-immune diseases of the intestine.
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Wang Y, Ghosh S, Nickerson MT. Microencapsulation of Flaxseed Oil by Lentil Protein Isolate-κ-Carrageenan and -ι-Carrageenan Based Wall Materials through Spray and Freeze Drying. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103195. [PMID: 35630671 PMCID: PMC9145131 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lentil protein isolate (LPI)-κ-carrageenan (κ-C) and -ι-carrageenan (ι-C) based microcapsules were prepared through spray-drying and freeze-drying to encapsulate flaxseed oil in order to reach final oil levels of 20% and 30%. Characteristics of the corresponding emulsions and their dried microcapsules were determined. For emulsion properties, all LPI-κ-C and LPI-ι-C emulsions remained 100% stable after 48 h, while the LPI emulsions destabilized quickly (p < 0.05) after homogenization mainly due to low emulsion viscosity. For spray-dried microcapsules, the highest yield was attributed to LPI-ι-C with 20% oil, followed by LPI-κ-C 20% and LPI-ι-C 30% (p < 0.05). Flaxseed oil was oxidized more significantly among the spray-dried capsules compared to untreated oil (p < 0.05) due to the effect of heat. Flaxseed oil was more stable in all the freeze-dried capsules and showed significantly lower oil oxidation than the untreated oil after 8 weeks of storage (p < 0.05). As for in vitro oil release profile, a higher amount of oil was released for LPI-κ-C powders under simulated gastric fluid (SGF), while more oil was released for LPI-ι-C powders under simulated gastric fluid and simulated intestinal fluid (SGF + SIF) regardless of drying method and oil content. This study enhanced the emulsion stability by applying carrageenan to LPI and showed the potential to make plant-based microcapsules to deliver omega-3 oils.
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22
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Fang H, Zhuang Z, Huang L, Zhao W, Niu J. Dietary Klebsormidium sp. Supplementation Improves Growth Performance, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Status, Metabolism, and Mid-Intestine Morphology of Litopenaeus Vannamei. Front Nutr 2022; 9:857351. [PMID: 35634387 PMCID: PMC9136981 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.857351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamentous microalga Klebsormidium sp. has huge potential to become a natural and healthy additive in aquatic feed since it contains various bioactive nutrients, such as linoleic acid (LA), carotenoids, and chlorophylls. Therefore, an eight-week feeding experiment was performed to evaluate the effects of dietary Klebsormidium sp. on the growth performance, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory status, metabolism, and mid-intestine morphology of Litopenaeus vannamei. Two isonitrogenous and isolipid diets supplemented with and without 5% Klebsormidium sp. were prepared. Results showed that L. vannamei fed with Klebsormidium sp. had better growth performance and feed utilization by optimizing mid-intestine morphology and improving the carbohydrate metabolism. In addition, Klebsormidium sp. also enhanced the antioxidant capacity of L. vannamei by downregulating antioxidant parameters (hepatopancreas T-SOD, hepatopancreas GSH-PX, hemolymph T-SOD, hemolymph MDA) and RNA expression levels of antioxidant genes (gsh-px and cat). Furthermore, the supplementations of dietary Klebsormidium sp. significantly improved hepatopancreas health by downregulating RNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory related genes (relish and rho). Therefore, a dose of 5% Klebsormidium sp. is recommended for the daily diet of L. vannamei to improve the growth performance, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory status, metabolism, and mid-intestine morphology of shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- HaoHang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - ZhenXiao Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - LuoDong Huang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Zhao
| | - Jin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Jin Niu
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23
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Sundaram TS, Giromini C, Rebucci R, Pistl J, Bhide M, Baldi A. Role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, citrus pectin, and milk-derived exosomes on intestinal barrier integrity and immunity in animals. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:40. [PMID: 35399093 PMCID: PMC8996583 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00690-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract of livestock and poultry is prone to challenge by feedborne antigens, pathogens, and other stress factors in the farm environment. Excessive physiological inflammation and oxidative stress that arises firstly disrupts the intestinal epithelial barrier followed by other components of the gastrointestinal tract. In the present review, the interrelationship between intestinal barrier inflammation and oxidative stress that contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease was described. Further, the role of naturally existing immunomodulatory nutrients such as the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, citrus pectin, and milk-derived exosomes in preventing intestinal barrier inflammation was discussed. Based on the existing evidence, the possible molecular mechanism of these bioactive nutrients in the intestinal barrier was outlined for application in animal diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamil Selvi Sundaram
- Department of Veterinary Science for Health, Animal Production and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Trentacoste 2, 20134, Milan, Italy.
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 68/73, 04181, Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Carlotta Giromini
- Department of Veterinary Science for Health, Animal Production and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Trentacoste 2, 20134, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Rebucci
- Department of Veterinary Science for Health, Animal Production and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Trentacoste 2, 20134, Milan, Italy
| | - Juraj Pistl
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 68/73, 04181, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Mangesh Bhide
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 68/73, 04181, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Antonella Baldi
- Department of Veterinary Science for Health, Animal Production and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Trentacoste 2, 20134, Milan, Italy
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24
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Xi Y, Miao Y, Zhou R, Wang M, Zhang F, Li Y, Zhang Y, Yang H, Guo F. Exploration of the Specific Pathology of HXMM Tablet Against Retinal Injury Based on Drug Attack Model to Network Robustness. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:826535. [PMID: 35401181 PMCID: PMC8990835 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.826535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal degenerative diseases are related to retinal injury because of the activation of the complement cascade, oxidative stress-induced cell death mechanisms, dysfunctional mitochondria, chronic neuroinflammation, and production of the vascular endothelial growth factor. Anti-VEGF therapy demonstrates remarkable clinical effects and benefits in retinal degenerative disease patients. Hence, new drug development is necessary to treat patients with severe visual loss. He xue ming mu (HXMM) tablet is a CFDA-approved traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for retinal degenerative diseases, which can alleviate the symptoms of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) alone or in combination with anti-VEGF agents. To elucidate the mechanisms of HXMM, a quantitative evaluation algorithm for the prediction of the effect of multi-target drugs on the disturbance of the disease network has been used for exploring the specific pathology of HXMM and TCM precision positioning. Compared with anti-VEGF agents, the drug disturbance of HXMM on the functional subnetwork shows that HXMM reduces the network robustness on the oxidative stress subnetwork and inflammatory subnetwork to exhibit the anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation activity. HXMM provides better protection to ARPE-19 cells against retinal injury after H2O2 treatment. HXMM can elevate GSH and reduce LDH levels to exhibit antioxidant activity and suppress the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α for anti-inflammatory activity, which is different from the anti-VEGF agent with strong anti-VEGF activity. The experimental result confirmed the accuracy of the computational prediction. The combination of bioinformatics prediction based on the drug attack on network robustness and experimental validation provides a new strategy for precision application of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Xi
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maolin Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fangbo Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Feifei Guo, ; Hongjun Yang,
| | - Feifei Guo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Feifei Guo, ; Hongjun Yang,
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25
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Wong LW, Goh CBS, Tan JBL. A Systemic Review for Ethnopharmacological Studies on Isatis indigotica Fortune: Bioactive Compounds and their Therapeutic Insights. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:161-207. [PMID: 35139772 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Isatis indigotica Fortune is a biennial Chinese woad of the Cruciferae family. It is primarily cultivated in China, where it was a staple in indigo dye manufacture till the end of the 17th century. Today, I. indigotica is used primarily as a therapeutic herb in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The medicinal use of the plant is separated into its leaves (Da-Qing-Ye) and roots (Ban-Lan-Gen), whereas its aerial components can be processed into a dried bluish-spruce powder (Qing-Dai), following dehydration for long-term preservation. Over the past several decades, I. indigotica has been generally utilized for its heat-clearing effects and bodily detoxification in TCM, attributed to the presence of several classes of bioactive compounds, including organic acids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and flavonoids, as well as lignans, anthraquinones, glucosides, glucosinolates, sphingolipids, tetrapyrroles, and polysaccharides. This paper aims to delineate I. indigotica from its closely-related species (Isatis tinctoria and Isatis glauca) while highlighting the ethnomedicinal uses of I. indigotica from the perspectives of modern and traditional medicine. A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, PMC, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases was done for articles on all aspects of the plant, emphasizing those analyzing the bioactivity of constituents of the plant. The various key bioactive compounds of I. indigotica that have been found to exhibit anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-allergic properties, along with the protective effects against neuronal injury and bone fracture, will be discussed. Collectively, the review hopes to draw attention to the therapeutic potential of I. indigotica not only as a TCM, but also as a potential source of bioactive compounds for disease management and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wen Wong
- School of Science, Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Calvin Bok Sun Goh
- School of Science, Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Joash Ban Lee Tan
- School of Science, Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
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26
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Pascoal LB, Palma BB, Chaim FHM, de Castro MM, Damázio TA, Franceschini APMDF, Milanski M, Velloso LA, Leal RF. New translational and experimental insights into the role of pro-resolving lipid mediators in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Exp Med 2022; 12:1-15. [PMID: 35096550 PMCID: PMC8771592 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v12.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The resolution of inflammation is an active process, guided by specialized pro-resolution lipid mediators (SPMs). These mediators originate from polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as omega-3. Sufficient evidence suggests that the beneficial effects attributed to omega-3 are, at least in part, the result of the immunomodulatory action of the SPMs, which act systemically by overcoming inflammation and repairing tissue damage, without suppressing the immune response. Recent studies suggest that an imbalance in the synthesis and/or activity of these compounds may be associated with the pathogenesis of several inflammatory conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Thus, this review highlights the advances made in recent years with regard to the endo-genous synthesis and the biological role of lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and maresins, as well as their precursors, in the regulation of inflammation; and provides an update on the participation of these mediators in the development and evolution of IBD and the therapeutic approaches that these immunomodulating substances are involved in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Bitencourt Pascoal
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Laboratory, Colorectal Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Biazon Palma
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Laboratory, Colorectal Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Henrique Mendonça Chaim
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Laboratory, Colorectal Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Moreira de Castro
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Laboratory, Colorectal Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago Andrade Damázio
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Laboratory, Colorectal Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Menezes de Freitas Franceschini
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Laboratory, Colorectal Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marciane Milanski
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Laboratory, Colorectal Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lício Augusto Velloso
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-864, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Franco Leal
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Laboratory, Colorectal Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-878, São Paulo, Brazil
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27
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Li C, Luo Y, Zhang W, Cai Q, Wu X, Tan Z, Chen R, Chen Z, Wang S, Zhang L. A comparative study on chemical compositions and biological activities of four essential oils: Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf, Cinnamomum cassia (L.) Presl, Salvia japonica Thunb. and Rosa rugosa Thunb. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 280:114472. [PMID: 34332066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Essential oils (EOs) are important active ingredients in Chinese herbal medicine. Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf, Cinnamomum cassia (L.) Presl, Salvia japonica Thunb., and Rosa rugosa Thunb. are used in local and traditional medicine to treat inflammation-related diseases. While the constituents and bioactivities of EOs of the above four Chinese herbals have been reported previously, but their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities have not been systematically evaluated. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study was to research the chemical constituents, anti-inflammatory activities, and antioxidant activities of EOs of four Chinese herbal medicines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fresh plant materials were collected both in August 2018. The compositions of EOs were determined by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. TPA (12-O-tetradecylphophenol-13-acetate)-induced mouse ear model was evaluated the anti-inflammatory activities of EOs. The reduction of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and RelA protein of the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) in the signal pathway (P65) were measured. The antioxidant activities of EOs from four plants were determined by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method. RESULTS A total of 217 compounds were separated and identified from four EOs, mainly including trans-cinnamylaldehyde (68.75%), citronellal (38.16%), linalool (1.02-33.73%), geraniol (19.39%) and citronellol (17.18%). All four EOs reduced the damage of the ear tissue and had certain anti-inflammatory effects, and the EOs of C. citratus (CyCEOs) and S. japonica (SJEOs) had the best anti-inflammatory activities among others, even better than ibuprofen. The four EOs exhibited different DPPH radical-scavenging activities (IC50, 0.101-1.017%), where most of them were much lower than that of EOs of C. citratus (CiCEOs) (IC50, 0.101%) and EOs of R. rugosa (RREOs) (IC50, 0.142%). CONCLUSIONS The main components determine diverse propertise of these four EOs, our results suggested that four EOs presented anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect via reducing the expression of TNF-a, IL-6, COX-2, and NF-κB p65, which may provide a new approach for development of new anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlian Li
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yijie Luo
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Weicheng Zhang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qiuyang Cai
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xianyi Wu
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zekai Tan
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Rui Chen
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zehao Chen
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shimin Wang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lanyue Zhang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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28
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Dopkins N, Neameh WH, Hall A, Lai Y, Rutkovsky A, Gandy AO, Lu K, Nagarkatti PS, Nagarkatti M. Effects of Acute 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin Exposure on the Circulating and Cecal Metabolome Profile. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11801. [PMID: 34769237 PMCID: PMC8583798 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a polyhalogenated planar hydrocarbon belonging to a group of highly toxic and persistent environmental contaminants known as "dioxins". TCDD is an animal teratogen and carcinogen that is well characterized for causing immunosuppression through activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). In this study, we investigated the effect of exposure of mice to an acute dose of TCDD on the metabolic profile within the serum and cecal contents to better define the effects of TCDD on host physiology. Our findings demonstrated that within the circulating metabolome following acute TCDD exposure, there was significant dysregulation in the metabolism of bioactive lipids, amino acids, and carbohydrates when compared with the vehicle (VEH)-treated mice. These widespread changes in metabolite abundance were identified to regulate host immunity via modulating nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2) activity and work as biomarkers for a variety of organ injuries and dysfunctions that follow TCDD exposure. Within the cecal content of mice exposed to TCDD, we were able to detect changes in inflammatory markers that regulate NF-κB, markers of injury-related inflammation, and changes in lysine degradation, nicotinamide metabolism, and butanoate metabolism, which collectively suggested an immediate suppression of broad-scale metabolic processes in the gastrointestinal tract. Collectively, these results demonstrate that acute TCDD exposure results in immediate irregularities in the circulating and intestinal metabolome, which likely contribute to TCDD toxicity and can be used as biomarkers for the early detection of individual exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Dopkins
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA; (N.D.); (W.H.N.); (A.H.); (A.R.); (A.O.G.); (P.S.N.)
| | - Wurood Hantoosh Neameh
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA; (N.D.); (W.H.N.); (A.H.); (A.R.); (A.O.G.); (P.S.N.)
| | - Alina Hall
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA; (N.D.); (W.H.N.); (A.H.); (A.R.); (A.O.G.); (P.S.N.)
| | - Yunjia Lai
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Y.L.); (K.L.)
| | - Alex Rutkovsky
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA; (N.D.); (W.H.N.); (A.H.); (A.R.); (A.O.G.); (P.S.N.)
| | - Alexa Orr Gandy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA; (N.D.); (W.H.N.); (A.H.); (A.R.); (A.O.G.); (P.S.N.)
| | - Kun Lu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Y.L.); (K.L.)
| | - Prakash S. Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA; (N.D.); (W.H.N.); (A.H.); (A.R.); (A.O.G.); (P.S.N.)
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA; (N.D.); (W.H.N.); (A.H.); (A.R.); (A.O.G.); (P.S.N.)
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29
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Montenegro-Burke JR, Kok BP, Guijas C, Domingo-Almenara X, Moon C, Galmozzi A, Kitamura S, Eckmann L, Saez E, Siuzdak GE, Wolan DW. Metabolomics activity screening of T cell-induced colitis reveals anti-inflammatory metabolites. Sci Signal 2021; 14:eabf6584. [PMID: 34582249 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abf6584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rafael Montenegro-Burke
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Bernard P Kok
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Carlos Guijas
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Xavier Domingo-Almenara
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Clara Moon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Andrea Galmozzi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Seiya Kitamura
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Lars Eckmann
- Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla CA 92093, USA
| | - Enrique Saez
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Gary E Siuzdak
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, California 92037, USA.,Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Dennis W Wolan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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30
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Yuan Q, Xie F, Huang W, Hu M, Yan Q, Chen Z, Zheng Y, Liu L. The review of alpha-linolenic acid: Sources, metabolism, and pharmacology. Phytother Res 2021; 36:164-188. [PMID: 34553434 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3) is a carboxylic acid composed of 18 carbon atoms and three cis double bonds, and is an essential fatty acid indispensable to the human body. This study aims to systematically review related studies on the dietary sources, metabolism, and pharmacological effects of ALA. Information on ALA was collected from the internet database PubMed, Elsevier, ResearchGate, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library, and Europe PMC using a combination of keywords including "pharmacology," "metabolism," "sources." The following findings are mainly contained. (a) ALA can only be ingested from food and then converted into eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in the body. (b) This conversion process is relatively limited and affected by many factors such as dose, gender, and disease. (c) Pharmacological research shows that ALA has the anti-metabolic syndrome, anticancer, antiinflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-obesity, neuroprotection, and regulation of the intestinal flora properties. (d) There are the most studies that prove ALA has anti-metabolic syndrome effects, including experimental studies and clinical trials. (e) The therapeutic effect of ALA will be affected by the dosage. In short, ALA is expected to treat many diseases, but further high quality studies are needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of ALA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianghua Yuan
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Xie
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Hanyuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yaan, China
| | - Mei Hu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qilu Yan
- Hanyuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yaan, China
| | - Zemou Chen
- Hanyuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yaan, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Kangwan N, Pintha K, Khanaree C, Kongkarnka S, Chewonarin T, Suttajit M. Anti-inflammatory effect of Perilla frutescens seed oil rich in omega-3 fatty acid on dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in mice. Res Pharm Sci 2021; 16:464-473. [PMID: 34522194 PMCID: PMC8407152 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.323913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that involves diffused inflammation of the large intestine. Omega-3 fatty acid (FA) has been known to regulate the inflammatory response associated with ulcerative colitis pathogenesis. Perilla frutescens is a valuable source of omega-3 FA and α-linolenic acid (ALA) contained in its seed oil. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of Perilla seed oil (PSO) on colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in a mouse model. Experimental approach PSO was extracted using a cold-pressed extractor and FA composition of PSO was analyzed by GC-MS. Acute colitis in mice was induced with 3% DSS in drinking water for 7 days. Some mice were treated with PSO (20, 100, 200 mg/kg BW) for 3 weeks before the DSS administration. Sulfasalazine was used as a positive control. The clinical features, histopathologic, serum, and gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the colon were assessed. Finding/Results PSO contained the highest proportion of ALA (61.51%). Furthermore, PSO pretreatment evidently reduced body weight loss, diminished diarrhea, gross bleeding, and DSS-induced colon shortening. PSO pretreatment attenuated histopathological changes in response to DSS-induced colitis. PSO pretreatment also markedly decreased inflammatory response in serum and the colon tissue of DSS-induced mice. Conclusion and implication ALA in PSO is suggested to be mainly responsible for the reduction of DSS-induced colitis through suppressing inflammatory markers. PSO could be further developed as a functional health supplement, which would be beneficial for anti-inflammation in the colonic mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Napapan Kangwan
- Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Komsak Pintha
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Chakkrit Khanaree
- School of Traditional and Alternative Medicine, Chiang Rai Rajabhat University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Sarawut Kongkarnka
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Teera Chewonarin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Maitree Suttajit
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
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Ni Z, Ding J, Zhao Q, Cheng W, Yu J, Zhou L, Sun S, Yu C. Alpha-linolenic acid regulates the gut microbiota and the inflammatory environment in a mouse model of endometriosis. Am J Reprod Immunol 2021; 86:e13471. [PMID: 34022075 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM This study aims to investigate the effects of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) on the gut microbiota (GM) and the abdominal environment in mice with endometriosis (EMS). METHODS The effects of faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from EMS mice on mice treated with antibiotic cocktail were conducted. The 16S rRNA sequencing and PICRUSt software were used to detect the structure and function of GM respectively. The protein levels of Claudin 4 and ZO-2 in the intestinal wall were detected using the western blotting. The level of LPS in the abdominal cavity was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The content of macrophages in the abdominal cavity was detected using flow cytometry. RESULTS The exogenous supplementation of ALA could restore the abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidota in EMS mice. After the ALA treatment, the abundance of 125 functional pathways and 50 abnormal enzymes related to GM in EMS mice was significantly improved (p < .05). The expression of the ZO-2 protein in the intestinal wall was decreased, and the level of LPS in the abdominal cavity was significantly increased after FMT from EMS mice (p < .05). ALA could increase the expression of the ZO-2 protein in the intestinal wall of EMS mice, reduce the level of LPS in the abdominal cavity (p < .05) and reduce the aggregation of peritoneal macrophages (p < .05). CONCLUSION Alpha-linolenic acid can improve the GM, intestinal wall barrier and abdominal inflammatory environment and reduce the level of LPS in mice with EMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhexin Ni
- Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Cheng
- Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Yu
- Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Sun
- Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoqin Yu
- Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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The Egg Yolk Content in ω-3 and Conjugated Fatty Acids Can Be Sustainably Increased upon Long-Term Feeding of Laying Hens with a Diet Containing Flaxseeds and Pomegranate Seed Oil. Foods 2021; 10:foods10051134. [PMID: 34069647 PMCID: PMC8160806 DOI: 10.3390/foods10051134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term feeding trials examining the incorporation of conjugated linolenic acids (CLnA) into the diet of laying hens are lacking. In the present study, we compared two diets in sixty-six red Sex-Link hens (33 hens/treatment), fed for 26 weeks. The control diet was high in oleic acid, while the test diet was high in α-linolenic acid (ALA) and punicic acid (PunA). No significant differences were observed between treatments for hens’ performance, egg weight and yolk weight. In contrast, dietary ALA and PunA resulted in a significant increase in n-3 PUFA, rumenic acid (RmA) and PunA contents in egg yolk, as well as in the liver, heart, muscle and adipose tissue of the hens. Other conjugated dienes resulting from the metabolism of PunA or RmA also accumulated in the egg yolk and tissues. Unlike DHA, which was exclusively distributed in phospholipids, ALA, RmA and PunA were preferably distributed in triglycerides.
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34
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Ni ZJ, Zhang YG, Chen SX, Thakur K, Wang S, Zhang JG, Shang YF, Wei ZJ. Exploration of walnut components and their association with health effects. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5113-5129. [PMID: 33567903 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1881439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, walnuts have occupied an imperative position in the functional food market with consistently recognized nutritious and functional properties. In the past years, the lipid profile of walnuts has brought much scientific attention via linking a cascade of biological attributes and health-promoting effects. Over time, researchers have focused on diversified composition (polyphenols and vitamins) of different parts of walnut (flower, pellicle, and kernel) and emphasized their physiological significance. Consequently, a plethora of reports has emerged on the potential role of walnut consumption against a series of diseases including cancer, gut dysbiosis, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, we accumulated the updated data on composition and classification, extraction methods, and utilization of different parts of walnuts as well as associated beneficial effects under in vivo and clinical studies. Altogether, this review summarized the ameliorative effects of a walnut-enriched diet in chronic diseases which can be designated to the synergistic or individual effects of walnut components mainly through anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jing Ni
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China.,School of Food Science and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ge Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China.,School of Food Science and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Xiong Chen
- School of Food Science and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Kiran Thakur
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China.,School of Food Science and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyun Wang
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China.,School of Food Science and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Fang Shang
- School of Food Science and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Jun Wei
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China.,School of Food Science and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
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35
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Durkin LA, Childs CE, Calder PC. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and the Intestinal Epithelium-A Review. Foods 2021; 10:foods10010199. [PMID: 33478161 PMCID: PMC7835870 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells (enterocytes) form part of the intestinal barrier, the largest human interface between the internal and external environments, and responsible for maintaining regulated intestinal absorption and immunological control. Under inflammatory conditions, the intestinal barrier and its component enterocytes become inflamed, leading to changes in barrier histology, permeability, and chemical mediator production. Omega-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can influence the inflammatory state of a range of cell types, including endothelial cells, monocytes, and macrophages. This review aims to assess the current literature detailing the effects of ω-3 PUFAs on epithelial cells. Marine-derived ω-3 PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, as well as plant-derived alpha-linolenic acid, are incorporated into intestinal epithelial cell membranes, prevent changes to epithelial permeability, inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and eicosanoids and induce the production of anti-inflammatory eicosanoids and docosanoids. Altered inflammatory markers have been attributed to changes in activity and/or expression of proteins involved in inflammatory signalling including nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) α and γ, G-protein coupled receptor (GPR) 120 and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. Effective doses for each ω-3 PUFA are difficult to determine due to inconsistencies in dose and time of exposure between different in vitro models and between in vivo and in vitro models. Further research is needed to determine the anti-inflammatory potential of less-studied ω-3 PUFAs, including docosapentaenoic acid and stearidonic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke A. Durkin
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (C.E.C.); (P.C.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Caroline E. Childs
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (C.E.C.); (P.C.C.)
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Philip C. Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (C.E.C.); (P.C.C.)
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
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36
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Alhouayek M, Ameraoui H, Muccioli GG. Bioactive lipids in inflammatory bowel diseases - From pathophysiological alterations to therapeutic opportunities. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1866:158854. [PMID: 33157277 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are lifelong diseases that remain challenging to treat. IBDs are characterized by alterations in intestinal barrier function and dysregulation of the innate and adaptive immunity. An increasing number of lipids are found to be important regulators of inflammation and immunity as well as gut physiology. Therefore, the study of lipid mediators in IBDs is expected to improve our understanding of disease pathogenesis and lead to novel therapeutic opportunities. Here, through selected examples - such as fatty acids, specialized proresolving mediators, lysophospholipids, endocannabinoids, and oxysterols - we discuss how lipid signaling is involved in IBD physiopathology and how modulating lipid signaling pathways could affect IBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Alhouayek
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium.
| | - Hafsa Ameraoui
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Giulio G Muccioli
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium.
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37
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Perera E, Sánchez-Ruiz D, Sáez MI, Galafat A, Barany A, Fernández-Castro M, Vizcaíno AJ, Fuentes J, Martínez TF, Mancera JM, Alarcón FJ, Martos-Sitcha JA. Low dietary inclusion of nutraceuticals from microalgae improves feed efficiency and modifies intermediary metabolisms in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Sci Rep 2020; 10:18676. [PMID: 33122726 PMCID: PMC7596551 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75693-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate two functional feeds for the gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata, containing low inclusion of two microalgae-based products (LB-GREENboost, LBGb; and LB-GUThealth, LBGh). Fish (12–13 g) were fed for 13 weeks a control diet or one of the four diets supplemented with both products at 0.5% or 1%. LBGb and LBGh did not affect specific growth rate or survival, but increased feed efficiency by decreasing feed intake and enlarging the intestines. LBGb increased hepatosomatic index and reduced cortisol levels in plasma, while both products lowered plasma lactate. Extensive metabolite and metabolic enzyme profiling revealed that microalgae supplementations, especially 1% LBGh: (i) decrease plasma lactate and increase hepatic glycogen, (ii) reduce hepatic gluconeogenesis, (iii) enhance hepatic lipogenic activity and lipid secretion, (iv) led fish to double triglyceride content in muscle and to stimulate its lipid oxidative capacity, and (v) increase the content of monounsaturated fatty acids and the omega-3 alpha-linolenic acid in muscle. This study demonstrates that both microalgae-based products are suited to improve feed efficiency and orchestrate significant changes in the intermediary metabolism in gilthead seabream juveniles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Perera
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), University of Cádiz, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - David Sánchez-Ruiz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), University of Cádiz, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.,Futuna Blue España S.L., Dársena Comercial Pesquera s/n, 11500, El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain
| | - María Isabel Sáez
- Department of Biology and Geology, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Alba Galafat
- Department of Biology and Geology, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - André Barany
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), University of Cádiz, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Miriam Fernández-Castro
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), University of Cádiz, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Antonio Jesús Vizcaíno
- Department of Biology and Geology, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Juan Fuentes
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMar), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Tomás Francisco Martínez
- Department of Biology and Geology, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Mancera
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), University of Cádiz, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Alarcón
- Department of Biology and Geology, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Martos-Sitcha
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), University of Cádiz, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
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38
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Shin DW, Lim BO. Nutritional Interventions Using Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals to Improve Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Med Food 2020; 23:1136-1145. [PMID: 33047999 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2020.4712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract, the second largest organ in the body, plays an important role in nutrient and mineral intake through the intestinal barrier. Dysfunction of intestinal permeability and related disorders commonly occur in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), one of the health problems in the Western societies that are considered to be mainly due to the Western diet. Although the exact etiology of IBD has not been elucidated, environmental and genetic factors may be involved in its pathogenesis. Many synthetic or biological drugs, such as 5-aminosalicylic acid corticosteroids as anti-inflammatory drugs, have been used clinically to treat IBD. However, their long-term use exhibits some adverse health consequences. Therefore, many researchers have devised alternative therapies to overcome this problem. Many studies have revealed that some functional nutrients in nature can relieve gastrointestinal inflammation by controlling proinflammatory cytokines. In this study, we review the ability of functional nutraceuticals such as phytochemicals, fatty acids, and bioactive peptides in improving IBD by regulating its underlying pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wook Shin
- College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea
| | - Beong Ou Lim
- College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea.,Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea
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39
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Li L, Li Y, Wang R, Chao L, Xiu Y, Wang H. Characterization of the stearoyl-ACP desaturase gene (PoSAD) from woody oil crop Paeonia ostii var. lishizhenii in oleic acid biosynthesis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 178:112480. [PMID: 32768716 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Paeonia ostii var. lishizhenii has been approved as a woody oil crop with the outstanding characteristic of abundant α-linolenic acid (C18:3, ALA) in its seed oil. The stearoyl-ACP desaturase gene (SAD) regulates the first key step from stearic acid (C18:0, SA) to oleic acid (C18:1, OA) in the ALA biosynthetic pathway, but its functional characterization in P. ostii var. lishizhenii is absent to date. In this study, a key PoSAD gene (1719 bp in length) was acquired from endosperm of P. ostii var. lishizhenii by transcriptome sequencing analysis and the RACE (rapid-amplification of cDNA ends) method. Bioinformatic analysis of the PoSAD protein showed high homology (ranging from 90.4% to 94.4%) and similar physical and chemical properties to SAD from other higher plants, indicating that it encodes a putative stearoyl-ACP desaturase. Analysis of cis-acting elements found several endosperm tissue-specific motifs; i.e., one Prolamin box, thirteen DOFCOREs and one RY repeat in its promoter. The results of the qRT-PCR experiments verified that PoSAD was most highly expressed in developing endosperm at 59 days after pollination (53.7 times that in shoots) compared with that in roots (1.4 times), stems (2.5 times), leaves (3.1 times), petals (13.1 times) and stamens (46.0 times). Meanwhile, the fatty acid contents in P. ostii var. lishizhenii endosperm at seven growth stages were compared with variation in PoSAD expression. Heterologous expression of PoSAD significantly decreased SA and increased OA content, which effectively reduced the ratios of SA to OA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Arabidopsis thaliana. However, contents and ratios of palmitic acid (C16:0) and palmitoleic acid (C16:1) were stable in transgenic yeast, and palmitoleic acid remained absent in transgenic A. thaliana seeds. These results illustrate that PoSAD plays an essential role in endosperm development of P. ostii var. lishizhenii, strictly in catalysis of SA desaturation and OA biosynthesis but without functioning in PA desaturation. The results contribute to our understanding of the characterization of PoSAD in OA biosynthesis in P. ostii var. lishizhenii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linkun Li
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yipei Li
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Ruoxin Wang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Longjun Chao
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Peonature Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, 101301, China.
| | - Yu Xiu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Huafang Wang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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40
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Opening a Window on Attention: Adjuvant Therapies for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 2020:7397523. [PMID: 32850517 PMCID: PMC7441453 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7397523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), most commonly known as Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative disease (UC), is a chronic and relapsing intestinal disease which cannot be cured completely. The prevalence of IBD in Europe and in North America has increased over the past 20 years. As most IBD patients are young at onset, their quality of life (QOL) can be influenced to varying degrees. Thus, current treatment goals are typically focused on preventing complications, including maintaining clinical remission and improving the QOL. Adjuvant therapies have been widely concerned as an effective treatment in alleviating IBD symptoms, including dietary intervention, traditional Chinese medicine, smoking, alcohol, and physical activities. This review focuses on different ancillary therapies for IBD treatments, in particular the mechanism of reducing inflammation based on the actual data from research studies. Moreover, comparing the latest data, this review also presented potential future prospect for adjuvant therapies.
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41
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Chen Y, Qiu X, Yang J. Comparing the In Vitro Antitumor, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities between Two New Very Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Docosadienoic Acid (DDA) and Docosatrienoic Acid (DTA), and Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA). Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:1697-1707. [PMID: 32781843 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1804949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLCPUFAs) are widely used as nutraceutical supplements for human health. Recently, a high level of two new VLCPUFAs, docosadienoic acid (DDA, 22:2n-6) and docosatrienoic acid (DTA, 22:3n-3), was produced in oilseed crop Brassica carinata using a biotechnology approach. This study investigated the functional properties of these two VLCPUFAs in human cells. Compared to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the golden standard in evaluating the health-promoting activities of VLCPUFAs, both DDA and DTA exhibited comparable or even better antitumor and antioxidant effects against human breast cancer SK-BR-3 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Especially, DTA elicited much stronger antioxidant and pro-apoptotic effects than DHA. Furthermore, DDA and DTA showed strong anti-inflammatory effects in human macrophages differentiated from monocyte THP-1 cells through lowering the protein expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon γ (IFN-γ), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Future In Vivo and In Vivo studies are warranted to identify the mechanism of action (MOA) for the antitumor, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions of DDA and DTA and explore potential applications of these two VLCPUFAs as novel nutraceutical supplements in preventing inflammatory conditions, aging and even cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Xiao Qiu
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jian Yang
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Multiple Mechanisms of Flaxseed: Effectiveness in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:7974835. [PMID: 32765633 PMCID: PMC7374215 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7974835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Materials and Methods Aqueous-methanolic crude extracts of Flaxseed (Fs.Cr) and Flaxseed oil were tested against 6% acetic acid- (AA-) induced colitis in BALB/c mice. Microscopic damage parameters of the hematoxylin and eosin-stained and periodic acid-Schiff-alcian blue-stained sections of the colon were scored to be assessed. Possible antispasmodic mechanism was studied on isolated rabbit jejunum, while antibacterial activity was assessed in vitro for microbes implicated in IBD. Results In AA-induced colitis, Flaxseed oil was found to be more effective in reducing mortality and colonic ulcers than Fs.Cr at 500 mg/kg dose. Fs.Cr was more efficacious in increasing mucin content as compared to oil, exhibiting slightly greater anti-inflammatory effect (50% vs 35%) and reducing depth of lesion (55% vs 42.31%, respectively). Antispasmodic activity of Fs.Cr (0.03 and 0.1 mg/ml) was mediated by phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDEI, possibly PDE-4 subtype) with a resultant increase in cAMP levels. Flaxseed oil PDEI activity was mild (1 and 3 mg/ml). Fs.Cr (0.1 and 0.3 mg/ml) was potent in exhibiting anticholinergic activity, similar to dicyclomine, whereas Flaxseed oil showed anticholinergic effect at 1 and 3 mg/ml. Flaxseed oil (9 and 14 µg/ml) was bactericidal against enteropathogenic E.coli (EPEC), enterotoxigenic E.coli (ETEC), and enteroaggregative E.coli (EAEC), whereas Fs.Cr exhibited bactericidal effect against EPEC at 100 µg/ml. Conclusions Results of this study, taken together with previous studies, suggest that Flaxseed possesses anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antispasmodic action through multiple pathways and thus offers promising potential to be developed for IBD.
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Ethnopharmacological Potential of Aspilia africana for the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8091047. [PMID: 32733588 PMCID: PMC7321516 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8091047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases are major health concerns affecting millions of people worldwide. Aspilia africana has been used for centuries by many African communities in the treatment of a wide range of health conditions, including inflammatory diseases, osteoporosis, rheumatic pains, and wounds. Analysis of the phytochemical composition of A. africana indicated that the plant is rich in a broad range of secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, sterols, phenolic compounds, and glycosides. This explains the efficacy of the plant in treating inflammation-related diseases, as well as several other health conditions affecting different African communities. The mechanisms of action of the anti-inflammatory phytochemical compounds in A. africana include inhibition of a number of physiological processes involved in the inflammatory process and synthesis or action of proinflammatory enzymes. The phytochemicals enhance anti-inflammatory biological responses such as inhibition of a number of chemical mediators including histamine, prostanoids and kinins, 5-lipoxygenase. and cyclooxygenase and activation of phosphodiesterase and transcriptase. Currently used anti-inflammatory medications are associated with several disadvantages such as drug toxicity and iatrogenic reactions, thereby complicating the treatment process. The adverse effects related to the use of these conventional synthetic drugs have been the driving force behind consideration of natural remedies, and efforts are being made toward the development of anti-inflammatory agents based on natural extracts. A. africana is rich in secondary metabolites, and its use as a traditional medicine for treating inflammatory diseases has been validated through in vitro and in vivo studies. Therefore, the plant could be further explored for potential development of novel anti-inflammatory therapeutics.
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Rondanelli M, Lamburghini S, Faliva MA, Peroni G, Riva A, Allegrini P, Spadaccini D, Gasparri C, Iannello G, Infantino V, Alalwan TA, Perna S, Miccono A. A food pyramid, based on a review of the emerging literature, for subjects with inflammatory bowel disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 68:17-46. [PMID: 32499202 DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Emerging literature suggests that diet plays an important modulatory role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) through the management of inflammation and oxidative stress. The aim of this narrative review is to evaluate the evidence collected up till now regarding optimum diet therapy for IBD and to design a food pyramid for these patients. The pyramid shows that carbohydrates should be consumed every day (3 portions), together with tolerated fruits and vegetables (5 portions), yogurt (125ml), and extra virgin olive oil; weekly, fish (4 portions), white meat (3 portions), eggs (3 portions), pureed legumes (2 portions), seasoned cheeses (2 portions), and red or processed meats (once a week). At the top of the pyramid, there are two pennants: the red one means that subjects with IBD need some personalized supplementation and the black one means that there are some foods that are banned. The food pyramid makes it easier for patients to decide what they should eat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Rondanelli
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Unit of Human and Clinical Nutrition, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Silvia Lamburghini
- University of Pavia, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Human Nutrition, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Milena A Faliva
- University of Pavia, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Human Nutrition, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Gabriella Peroni
- University of Pavia, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Human Nutrition, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Antonella Riva
- Research and Development Unit, Indena, Milan 20146, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Spadaccini
- University of Pavia, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Human Nutrition, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Clara Gasparri
- University of Pavia, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Human Nutrition, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Iannello
- General Management, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona "Istituto Santa Margherita", Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Vittoria Infantino
- University of Bari Aldo Moro, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Section of Human Nutrition, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Tariq A Alalwan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir Campus, P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain
| | - Simone Perna
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir Campus, P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain
| | - Alessandra Miccono
- University of Pavia, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Human Nutrition, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona, Pavia 27100, Italy
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Zou J, Shen Y, Chen M, Zhang Z, Xiao S, Liu C, Wan Y, Yang L, Jiang S, Shang E, Qian D, Duan J. Lizhong decoction ameliorates ulcerative colitis in mice via modulating gut microbiota and its metabolites. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:5999-6012. [PMID: 32418127 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10665-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC), a kind of inflammatory bowel disease, is generally characterized by chronic, persistent, relapsing, and nonspecific ulceration of the bowel, which is widespread in the world. Although the pathogenesis of UC is multifactorial, growing evidence has demonstrated that gut microbiota and its metabolites are closely related to the development of UC. Lizhong decoction (LZD), a well-known classical Chinese herbal prescription, has been used to clinically treat UC for long time, but its mechanism is not clear. In this study, 16S rRNA gene sequencing combining with untargeted metabolomics profiling was used to investigate how LZD worked. Results indicated that LZD could shape the gut microbiota structure and modify metabolic profiles. The abundance of opportunistic pathogens such as Clostridium sensu stricto 1, Enterobacter, and Escherichia-Shigella correlated with intestinal inflammation markedly decreased, while the levels of beneficial bacteria including Blautia, Muribaculaceae_norank, Prevotellaceae UCG-001, and Ruminiclostridium 9 elevated in various degrees. Additionally, fecal metabolite profiles reflecting microbial activities showed that adenosine, lysoPC(18:0), glycocholic acid, and deoxycholic acid notably decreased, while cholic acid, α-linolenic acid, stearidonic acid, and L-tryptophan significantly increased after LZD treatment. Hence, based on the systematic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomics of gut flora, the results provided a novel insight that microbiota and its metabolites might be potential targets for revealing the mechanism of LZD on amelioration of UC.Key Points • The potential mechanism of LZD on the amelioration of UC was firstly investigated.• LZD could significantly shape the structure of gut microbiota.• LZD could notably modulate the fecal metabolic profiling of UC mice. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Zou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumeng Shen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengjun Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimiao Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Suwei Xiao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Jiang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Erxin Shang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Dawei Qian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
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Chen XY, Fan HN, Zhang HK, Qin HW, Shen L, Yu XT, Zhang J, Zhu JS. Rewiring of Microbiota Networks in Erosive Inflammation of the Stomach and Small Bowel. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:299. [PMID: 32478040 PMCID: PMC7237573 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of non-invasive, inexpensive, and effective early diagnosis tests for gastric and small-bowel lesions is an urgent requirement. The introduction of magnetically guided capsule endoscopy (MGCE) has aided examination of the small bowel for diagnoses. However, the distribution of the fecal microbiome in abnormal erosions of the stomach and small bowel remains unclear. Herein, alternations in the fecal microbiome in three groups [normal, small-bowel inflammation, and chronic gastritis (CG)] were analyzed by metagenomics and our well-developed method [individual-specific edge-network analysis (iENA)]. In addition to the dominant microbiota identified by the conventional differential analysis, iENA could recognize novel network biomarkers of microbiome communities, such as the genus Bacteroide in CG and small-bowel inflammation. Combined with differential network analysis, the network-hub microbiota within rewired microbiota networks revealed high-ranked iENA microbiota markers, which were disease specific and had particular pathogenic functions. Our findings illuminate the components of the fecal microbiome and the importance of specific bacteria in CG and small-bowel erosions, and could be employed to develop preventive and non-invasive therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Ning Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Huang-Kai Zhang
- Aginome-XMU Joint Laboratory, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Huang-Wen Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Shen
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Tian Yu
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Shui Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Walnut Oil Alleviates Intestinal Inflammation and Restores Intestinal Barrier Function in Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051302. [PMID: 32370215 PMCID: PMC7284466 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis belongs to inflammatory bowel diseases, which is a group of chronic disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. It is a debilitating condition with a wide range of symptoms including rectal bleeding, diarrhea, and visceral pain. Current dietary habits often lead to imbalance in n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in favor of n-6 PUFA. Recent data showed the potential anti-inflammatory advantage of n-3 PUFA. Walnut oil (WO) is rich in those fatty acids and mainly consists of linoleic and linolenic acids that may act via free fatty acids receptors (FFARs). We assessed the anti-inflammatory effect of WO in the mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Moreover, we examined changes in the expression of tight junction proteins (TJ), pro-inflammatory cytokines, and FFAR proteins in the inflamed mouse colon. WO improves the damage score in inflamed tissue, significantly restoring ion transport and colonic wall permeability. Inflammation caused changes in TJ, FFAR, and pro-inflammatory gene proteins expression, which WO was able to partially reverse. WO has anti-inflammatory properties; however, its exact mechanism of action remains unclear. This stems from the pleiotropic effects of n-3 PUFA ligands associated with receptor distribution and targeted signaling pathways.
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Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation for Reducing Muscle Soreness after Eccentric Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8062017. [PMID: 32382573 PMCID: PMC7195643 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8062017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to determine the effectiveness of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n‐3 PUFA) supplement on muscle soreness after eccentric exercise. Methods PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and ISI Web of Science were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed the efficacy of n‐3 PUFA on muscle soreness after eccentric exercise. Mean difference (MD) and the associated 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated by RevMan 5.3 to indicate delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) that measured two days after eccentric trainings. Subgroup analyses according to duration and daily dosage of n‐3 PUFA supplements before eccentric exercises were performed to determine whether these factors will influence the overall effect size. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to evaluate the certainty of evidence. The protocol of this systematic review and meta-analysis was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42018085869). Results 12 RCTs containing 145 subjects and 156 controls were included in this study. Meta-analysis revealed a significantly decreased DOMS (MD -0.93; 95% CI -1.44, -0.42; P = 0.0004) in n‐3 PUFA supplement groups, while no significant differences in isometric muscle strength and range of motion (ROM) were detected. However, the pooled effect size for DOMS was lower than the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of 1.4 on the 10-unit VAS, suggesting that the effect size of less muscle soreness with n‐3 PUFA supplements did not appear to be clinically relevant. Conclusion There is low-quality evidence that n‐3 PUFA supplementation does not result in a clinically important reduction of muscle soreness after eccentric exercise. Isometric muscle soreness and range of motion were not improved by n‐3 PUFA supplementation either (low-quality evidence). To further elucidate the overall role of n‐3 PUFA on muscle damage in this area, large-scale RCTs are still needed.
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Todorov H, Kollar B, Bayer F, Brandão I, Mann A, Mohr J, Pontarollo G, Formes H, Stauber R, Kittner JM, Endres K, Watzer B, Nockher WA, Sommer F, Gerber S, Reinhardt C. α-Linolenic Acid-Rich Diet Influences Microbiota Composition and Villus Morphology of the Mouse Small Intestine. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030732. [PMID: 32168729 PMCID: PMC7146139 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Linolenic acid (ALA) is well-known for its anti-inflammatory activity. In contrast, the influence of an ALA-rich diet on intestinal microbiota composition and its impact on small intestine morphology are not fully understood. In the current study, we kept adult C57BL/6J mice for 4 weeks on an ALA-rich or control diet. Characterization of the microbial composition of the small intestine revealed that the ALA diet was associated with an enrichment in Prevotella and Parabacteroides. In contrast, taxa belonging to the Firmicutes phylum, including Lactobacillus, Clostridium cluster XIVa, Lachnospiraceae and Streptococcus, had significantly lower abundance compared to control diet. Metagenome prediction indicated an enrichment in functional pathways such as bacterial secretion system in the ALA group, whereas the two-component system and ALA metabolism pathways were downregulated. We also observed increased levels of ALA and its metabolites eicosapentanoic and docosahexanoic acid, but reduced levels of arachidonic acid in the intestinal tissue of ALA-fed mice. Furthermore, intestinal morphology in the ALA group was characterized by elongated villus structures with increased counts of epithelial cells and reduced epithelial proliferation rate. Interestingly, the ALA diet reduced relative goblet and Paneth cell counts. Of note, high-fat Western-type diet feeding resulted in a comparable adaptation of the small intestine. Collectively, our study demonstrates the impact of ALA on the gut microbiome and reveals the nutritional regulation of gut morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hristo Todorov
- Institute for Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Center for Computational Sciences in Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Staudingerweg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (H.T.); (S.G.)
- Fresenius Kabi Deutschland GmbH, Borkenberg 14, 61440 Oberursel, Germany
| | - Bettina Kollar
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (B.K.); (I.B.); (A.M.); (J.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Franziska Bayer
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (B.K.); (I.B.); (A.M.); (J.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Inês Brandão
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (B.K.); (I.B.); (A.M.); (J.M.); (G.P.)
- Centro de Apoio Tecnológico Agro Alimentar (CATAA), Zona Industrial de Castelo Branco, Rua A, 6000-459 Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - Amrit Mann
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (B.K.); (I.B.); (A.M.); (J.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Julia Mohr
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (B.K.); (I.B.); (A.M.); (J.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Giulia Pontarollo
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (B.K.); (I.B.); (A.M.); (J.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Henning Formes
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (B.K.); (I.B.); (A.M.); (J.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Roland Stauber
- Nanobiomedicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Jens M. Kittner
- Medical Department 2 (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Pneumology, Endocrinology) Klinikum Darmstadt GmbH, Grafenstr. 9, 64283 Darmstadt, Germany;
| | - Kristina Endres
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernhard Watzer
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Philipps-University, 35043 Marburg, Germany;
| | - Wolfgang Andreas Nockher
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Philipps-University, 35043 Marburg, Germany;
| | - Felix Sommer
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Susanne Gerber
- Institute for Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Center for Computational Sciences in Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Staudingerweg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (H.T.); (S.G.)
| | - Christoph Reinhardt
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (B.K.); (I.B.); (A.M.); (J.M.); (G.P.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6131-17-8280
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Chauhan A, Chauhan V. Beneficial Effects of Walnuts on Cognition and Brain Health. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020550. [PMID: 32093220 PMCID: PMC7071526 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation have important roles in the aging process, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and other brain disorders. Amyloid beta protein (Aβ) is the main component of amyloid plaques in the brains of people with AD. Several studies suggest that Aβ increases the generation of free radicals in neurons, which leads to oxidative damage and cell death. Aβ can also induce neuroinflammation by increasing pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes. Walnuts contain several components that have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Animal and human studies from our and other groups suggest that supplementation with walnuts in the diet may improve cognition and reduce the risk and/or progression of MCI and AD. In the transgenic AD mouse model (AD-tg), we have reported the beneficial effects of a diet with walnuts on memory, learning, motor coordination, anxiety, and locomotor activity. Human clinical trials have also suggested an association of walnut consumption with better cognitive performance and improvement in memory when compared to baseline in adults. Our recent study in AD-tg mice has shown that a walnut-enriched diet significantly improves antioxidant defense and decreases free radicals’ levels, lipid peroxidation, and protein oxidation when compared to a control diet without walnuts. These findings suggest that a diet with walnuts can reduce oxidative stress by decreasing the generation of free radicals and by boosting antioxidant defense, thus resulting in decreased oxidative damage to lipids and proteins. An in vitro study with synthetic Aβ showed that walnut extract can inhibit Aβ fibrillization and solubilize the preformed Aβ fibrils, suggesting an anti-amyloidogenic property of walnuts. Because it takes many years for cognitive impairment and dementia to develop, we suggest that early and long-term dietary supplementation with walnuts may help to maintain cognitive functions and may reduce the risk of developing, or delay the onset and/or slow the progression of, MCI and dementia by decreasing Aβ fibrillization, reducing oxidative damage, increasing antioxidant defense, and decreasing neuroinflammation. Furthermore, several animal and human studies have suggested that walnuts may also decrease the risk or progression of other brain disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, stroke, and depression, as well as of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Together, these reports suggest the benefits of a walnut-enriched diet in brain disorders and in other chronic diseases, due to the additive or synergistic effects of walnut components for protection against oxidative stress and inflammation in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abha Chauhan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-718-494-5258; Fax: +1-718-698-7916
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