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Basuray N, Deehan EC, Vieira FT, Avedzi HM, Duke RL, Colín-Ramírez E, Tun HM, Zhang Z, Wine E, Madsen KL, Field CJ, Haqq AM. Dichotomous effect of dietary fiber in pediatrics: a narrative review of the health benefits and tolerance of fiber. Eur J Clin Nutr 2024; 78:557-568. [PMID: 38480843 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-024-01429-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Dietary fibers are associated with favorable gastrointestinal, immune, and metabolic health outcomes when consumed at sufficient levels. Despite the well-described benefits of dietary fibers, children and adolescents continue to fall short of daily recommended levels. This gap in fiber intake (i.e., "fiber gap") might increase the risk of developing early-onset pediatric obesity and obesity-related comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus into adulthood. The structure-dependent physicochemical properties of dietary fiber are diverse. Differences in solubility, viscosity, water-holding capacity, binding capability, bulking effect, and fermentability influence the physiological effects of dietary fibers that aid in regulating appetite, glycemic and lipidemic responses, and inflammation. Of growing interest is the fermentation of fibers by the gut microbiota, which yields both beneficial and less favorable end-products such as short-chain fatty acids (e.g., acetate, propionate, and butyrate) that impart metabolic and immunomodulatory properties, and gases (e.g., hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and methane) that cause gastrointestinal symptoms, respectively. This narrative review summarizes (1) the implications of fibers on the gut microbiota and the pathophysiology of pediatric obesity, (2) some factors that potentially contribute to the fiber gap with an emphasis on undesirable gastrointestinal symptoms, (3) some methods to alleviate fiber-induced symptoms, and (4) the therapeutic potential of whole foods and commonly marketed fiber supplements for improved health in pediatric obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Basuray
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Edward C Deehan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Flávio T Vieira
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Hayford M Avedzi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Reena L Duke
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Hein M Tun
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Zhengxiao Zhang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Eytan Wine
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Karen L Madsen
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Catherine J Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Andrea M Haqq
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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2
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Hanlon N, Gillan N, Neil J, Seidler K. The role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in modulating intestinal ILC3s to optimise gut pathogen resistance in lupus and benefits of nutritional AhR ligands. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:1199-1215. [PMID: 38631087 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Dysbiosis is emerging as a potential trigger of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) are recognised as key regulators of intestinal homeostasis. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is critical to intestinal ILC3 development and function. This mechanistic review aimed to investigate whether AhR activation of gut ILC3s facilitates IL-22-mediated antimicrobial peptide (AMP) production to enhance colonisation resistance and ameliorate SLE pathology associated with intestinal dysbiosis. Furthermore, nutritional AhR ligand potential to enhance pathogen resistance was explored. METHODOLOGY This mechanistic review involved a three-tranche systematic literature search (review, mechanism, intervention) using PubMed with critical appraisal. Data was synthesised into themes and summarised in a narrative analysis. RESULTS Preclinical mechanistic data indicate that AhR modulation of intestinal ILC3s optimises pathogen resistance via IL-22-derived AMPs. Pre-clinical research is required to validate this mechanism in SLE. Data on systemic immune consequences of AhR modulation in lupus suggest UVB-activated ligands induce aberrant AhR signalling while many dietary ligands exert beneficial effects. Data on xenobiotic-origin ligands is varied, although considerable evidence has demonstrated negative effects on Th17 to Treg balance. Limited human evidence supports the role of nutritional AhR ligands in modulating SLE pathology. Preclinical and clinical data support anti-inflammatory effects of dietary AhR ligands. CONCLUSION Current evidence is insufficient to fully validate the hypothesis that AhR modulation of intestinal ILC3s can enhance pathogen resistance to ameliorate lupus pathology driven by dysbiosis. However, anti-inflammatory effects of dietary AhR ligands suggest a promising role as a therapeutic intervention for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Hanlon
- CNELM (Centre for Nutrition Education and Lifestyle Management), 14 Rectory Road, Wokingham, Berkshire RG40 1DH, UK.
| | - Natalie Gillan
- CNELM (Centre for Nutrition Education and Lifestyle Management), 14 Rectory Road, Wokingham, Berkshire RG40 1DH, UK.
| | - James Neil
- CNELM (Centre for Nutrition Education and Lifestyle Management), 14 Rectory Road, Wokingham, Berkshire RG40 1DH, UK.
| | - Karin Seidler
- CNELM (Centre for Nutrition Education and Lifestyle Management), 14 Rectory Road, Wokingham, Berkshire RG40 1DH, UK.
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3
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Spezzini J, Piragine E, Flori L, Calderone V, Martelli A. Natural H 2S-donors: A new pharmacological opportunity for the management of overweight and obesity. Phytother Res 2024; 38:2388-2405. [PMID: 38430052 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of overweight and obesity has progressively increased in the last few years, becoming a real threat to healthcare systems. To date, the clinical management of body weight gain is an unmet medical need, as there are few approved anti-obesity drugs and most require an extensive monitoring and vigilance due to risk of adverse effects and poor patient adherence/persistence. Growing evidence has shown that the gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and, therefore, H2S-donors could have a central role in the prevention and treatment of overweight/obesity. The main natural sources of H2S-donors are plants from the Alliaceae (garlic and onion), Brassicaceae (e.g., broccoli, cabbage, and wasabi), and Moringaceae botanical families. In particular, polysulfides and isothiocyanates, which slowly release H2S, derive from the hydrolysis of alliin from Alliaceae and glucosinolates from Brassicaceae/Moringaceae, respectively. In this review, we describe the emerging role of endogenous H2S in regulating adipose tissue function and the potential efficacy of natural H2S-donors in animal models of overweight/obesity, with a final focus on the preliminary results from clinical trials. We conclude that organosulfur-containing plants and their extracts could be used before or in combination with conventional anti-obesity agents to improve treatment efficacy and reduce inflammation in obesogenic conditions. However, further high-quality studies are needed to firmly establish their clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lorenzo Flori
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health (NUTRAFOOD)", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Biology and Pathology of Ageing", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health (NUTRAFOOD)", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Biology and Pathology of Ageing", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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4
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Alaba TE, Holman JM, Ishaq SL, Li Y. Current Knowledge on the Preparation and Benefits of Cruciferous Vegetables as Relates to In Vitro, In Vivo, and Clinical Models of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Curr Dev Nutr 2024; 8:102160. [PMID: 38779039 PMCID: PMC11108850 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.102160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic condition with a significant economic and social burden. The disease is complex and challenging to treat because it involves several pathologies, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, dysbiosis, and intestinal damage. The search for an effective treatment has identified cruciferous vegetables and their phytochemicals as potential management options for inflammatory bowel disease because they contain prebiotics, probiotics, and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant metabolites essential for a healthy gut. This critical narrative style review provides a robust insight into the pharmacological effects and benefits of crucifers and their documented bioactive compounds in in vitro and in vivo models, as well as clinical inflammatory bowel disease. The review highlights the significant impact of crucifer preparation and the presence of glucosinolates, isothiocyanates, flavonoids, and polyphenolic compounds, which are essential for the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative benefits of cruciferous vegetables, as well as their ability to promote the healthy microbial community and maintain the intestinal barrier. This review may serve as a viable nutritional guide for future research on methods and features essential to developing experiments, preventions, and treatments for inflammatory bowel disease. There is limited clinical information and future research may utilize current innovative tools, such as metabolomics, for adequate knowledge and effective translation into clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolu E Alaba
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - Johanna M Holman
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - Suzanne L Ishaq
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - Yanyan Li
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, SUNY Binghamton University, Johnson City, NY, United States
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5
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Lang W, Shu D, Liu S, Sun C, Liu H, Huang Q, Mao G, Yang S, Xing B. Enzyme-Responsive Fluorescent Labeling Strategy for In Vivo Imaging of Gut Bacteria. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38607989 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Myrosinase (Myr), as a unique β-thioglucosidase enzyme capable of converting natural and gut bacterial metabolite glucosinolates into bioactive agents, has recently attracted a great deal of attention because of its essential functions in exerting homeostasis dynamics and promoting human health. Such nutraceutical and biomedical significance demands unique and reliable strategies for specific identification of Myr enzymes of gut bacterial origin in living systems, whereas the dearth of methods for bacterial Myr detection and visualization remains a challenging concern. Herein, we present a series of unique molecular probes for specific identification and imaging of Myr-expressing gut bacterial strains. Typically, an artificial glucosinolate with an azide group in aglycone was synthesized and sequentially linked with the probe moieties of versatile channels through simple click conjugation. Upon gut bacterial enzymatic cleavage, the as-prepared probe molecules could be converted into reactive isothiocyanate forms, which can further act as reactive electrophiles for the covalent labeling of gut bacteria, thus realizing their localized fluorescent imaging within a wide range of wavelength channels in live bacterial strains and animal models. Overall, our proposed method presents a novel technology for selective gut bacterial Myr enzyme labeling in vitro and in vivo. We envision that such a rational probe design would serve as a promising solution for chemoprevention assessment, microflora metabolic mechanistic study, and gut bacterium-mediated physiopathological exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Lang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Dunji Shu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Songhan Liu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Caixia Sun
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Huihong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Qianqian Huang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Guojiang Mao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Bengang Xing
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
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6
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Kase BE, Liese AD, Zhang J, Murphy EA, Zhao L, Steck SE. The Development and Evaluation of a Literature-Based Dietary Index for Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2024; 16:1045. [PMID: 38613077 PMCID: PMC11013161 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to develop and evaluate a novel dietary index for gut microbiota (DI-GM) that captures dietary composition related to gut microbiota profiles. We conducted a literature review of longitudinal studies on the association of diet with gut microbiota in adult populations and extracted those dietary components with evidence of beneficial or unfavorable effects. Dietary recall data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2005-2010, n = 3812) were used to compute the DI-GM, and associations with biomarkers of gut microbiota diversity (urinary enterodiol and enterolactone) were examined using linear regression. From a review of 106 articles, 14 foods or nutrients were identified as components of the DI-GM, including fermented dairy, chickpeas, soybean, whole grains, fiber, cranberries, avocados, broccoli, coffee, and green tea as beneficial components, and red meat, processed meat, refined grains, and high-fat diet (≥40% of energy from fat) as unfavorable components. Each component was scored 0 or 1 based on sex-specific median intakes, and scores were summed to develop the overall DI-GM score. In the NHANES, DI-GM scores ranged from 0-13 with a mean of 4.8 (SE = 0.04). Positive associations between DI-GM and urinary enterodiol and enterolactone were observed. The association of the novel DI-GM with markers of gut microbiota diversity demonstrates the potential utility of this index for gut health-related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bezawit E. Kase
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Discovery 1, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (B.E.K.)
| | - Angela D. Liese
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Discovery 1, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (B.E.K.)
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Discovery 1, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (B.E.K.)
| | - Elizabeth Angela Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine Columbia, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Longgang Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Discovery 1, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (B.E.K.)
| | - Susan E. Steck
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Discovery 1, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (B.E.K.)
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Baranowska-Wójcik E, Winiarska-Mieczan A, Olcha P, Kwiecień M, Jachimowicz-Rogowska K, Nowakowski Ł, Miturski A, Gałczyński K. Polyphenols Influence the Development of Endometrial Cancer by Modulating the Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2024; 16:681. [PMID: 38474808 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysbiosis of the microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract can induce the development of gynaecological tumours, particularly in postmenopausal women, by causing DNA damage and alterations in metabolite metabolism. Dysbiosis also complicates cancer treatment by influencing the body's immune response and disrupting the sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs. Therefore, it is crucial to maintain homeostasis in the gut microbiota through the effective use of food components that affect its structure. Recent studies have shown that polyphenols, which are likely to be the most important secondary metabolites produced by plants, exhibit prebiotic properties. They affect the structure of the gut microbiota and the synthesis of metabolites. In this review, we summarise the current state of knowledge, focusing on the impact of polyphenols on the development of gynaecological tumours, particularly endometrial cancer, and emphasising that polyphenol consumption leads to beneficial modifications in the structure of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Baranowska-Wójcik
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, University of Life Sciences, Skromna Street 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Winiarska-Mieczan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, Department of Bromatology and Nutrition Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Olcha
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Lublin, Aleje Racławickie 23, 20-049 Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kwiecień
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, Department of Bromatology and Nutrition Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Karolina Jachimowicz-Rogowska
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, Department of Bromatology and Nutrition Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Łukasz Nowakowski
- Department of Gynecology, 1st Clinical Military Hospital in Lublin, Al. Raclawickie 23, 20-049 Lublin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Miturski
- Department of Gynecology, 1st Clinical Military Hospital in Lublin, Al. Raclawickie 23, 20-049 Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Gałczyński
- Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Konarskiego 2, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
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8
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Lachmansingh DA, Valderrama B, Bastiaanssen T, Cryan J, Clarke G, Lavelle A. Impact of dietary fiber on gut microbiota composition, function and gut-brain-modules in healthy adults - a systematic review protocol. HRB Open Res 2024; 6:62. [PMID: 38525261 PMCID: PMC10958149 DOI: 10.12688/hrbopenres.13794.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The gut microbiota has been extensively implicated in health and disease. The functional outputs of the gut microbiota, such as microbial metabolites, are considered particularly important in this regard. Significant associations exist between alterations in the relative abundance of specific microbial taxa and mental health disorders. Dietary fiber has the potential to alter gut microbiota composition and function, modifying bacterial enzymatic function and the production of metabolites. As many taxa of microorganisms have enzymes capable of producing or degrading neurochemicals i.e. neuroactive gut brain modules, new predictive tools can be applied to existing datasets such as those harvested from dietary fiber interventions. We endeavor to perform a systematic review in order to identify studies reporting compositional gut microbiota alterations after interventions with dietary fiber in healthy individuals. We aim to also extract from the selected studies publicly available microbial genomic sequence datasets for reanalysis with a consistent bioinformatics pipeline, with the ultimate intention of identifying altered gut brain modules following dietary fiber interventions. Methods Interventional trials and randomized controlled studies that are originally published, including cross-over and non-crossover design and involving healthy adult humans will be included. A systematic search of PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE, two electronic databases, will be completed. Discussion Various types of dietary fiber have an impact on the gut microbiota composition, with some promoting the growth of particular taxa while others are reduced in relative abundance. Our search focuses on the impact of this food component on the microbiota of healthy individuals. Compositional gut microbial changes have been reported and our review will compile and update these observations after reanalysis of their datasets with a consistent bioinformatic pipeline. From this it may be possible to predict more detailed functional consequences in terms of neuroactive gut brain modules, of the compositional alterations in gut microbial taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Antoine Lachmansingh
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, County Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, County Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, County Cork, Ireland
| | - Benjamin Valderrama
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, County Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, County Cork, Ireland
| | - Thomaz Bastiaanssen
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, County Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, County Cork, Ireland
| | - John Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, County Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, County Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, County Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, County Cork, Ireland
| | - Aonghus Lavelle
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, County Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, County Cork, Ireland
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9
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Lluansí A, Llirós M, Carreras-Torres R, Bahí A, Capdevila M, Feliu A, Vilà-Quintana L, Elias-Masiques N, Cueva E, Peries L, Torrealba L, Miquel-Cusachs JO, Sàbat M, Busquets D, López C, Delgado-Aros S, Garcia-Gil LJ, Elias I, Aldeguer X. Impact of bread diet on intestinal dysbiosis and irritable bowel syndrome symptoms in quiescent ulcerative colitis: A pilot study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297836. [PMID: 38363772 PMCID: PMC10871487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota may be involved in the presence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)-like symptomatology in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients in remission. Bread is an important source of dietary fiber, and a potential prebiotic. To assess the effect of a bread baked using traditional elaboration, in comparison with using modern elaboration procedures, in changing the gut microbiota and relieving IBS-like symptoms in patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis. Thirty-one UC patients in remission with IBS-like symptoms were randomly assigned to a dietary intervention with 200 g/d of either treatment or control bread for 8 weeks. Clinical symptomatology was tested using questionnaires and inflammatory parameters. Changes in fecal microbiota composition were assessed by high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. A decrease in IBS-like symptomatology was observed after both the treatment and control bread interventions as reductions in IBS-Symptom Severity Score values (p-value < 0.001) and presence of abdominal pain (p-value < 0.001). The treatment bread suggestively reduced the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (p-value = 0.058). In addition, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio seemed to be associated with improving IBS-like symptoms as suggested by a slight decrease in patient without abdominal pain (p-value = 0.059). No statistically significant differential abundances were found at any taxonomic level. The intake of a bread baked using traditional elaboration decreased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, which seemed to be associated with improving IBS-like symptoms in quiescent ulcerative colitis patients. These findings suggest that the traditional bread elaboration has a potential prebiotic effect improving gut health (ClinicalTrials.gov ID number of study: NCT05656391).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleix Lluansí
- Digestive Diseases and Microbiota Group, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Marc Llirós
- Digestive Diseases and Microbiota Group, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Robert Carreras-Torres
- Digestive Diseases and Microbiota Group, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Anna Bahí
- Digestive Diseases and Microbiota Group, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Capdevila
- Digestive Diseases and Microbiota Group, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Anna Feliu
- Digestive Diseases and Microbiota Group, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Laura Vilà-Quintana
- Digestive Diseases and Microbiota Group, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | | | | | - Laia Peries
- Digestive Diseases and Microbiota Group, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | - Leyanira Torrealba
- Digestive Diseases and Microbiota Group, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | - Josep Oriol Miquel-Cusachs
- Digestive Diseases and Microbiota Group, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | - Míriam Sàbat
- Digestive Diseases and Microbiota Group, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital de Santa Caterina, Girona, Spain
| | - David Busquets
- Digestive Diseases and Microbiota Group, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | - Carmen López
- Digestive Diseases and Microbiota Group, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Delgado-Aros
- Gastroenterology Scientific advisor to Elias-Boulanger S.L., Vilassar de Mar, Spain
| | - Librado Jesús Garcia-Gil
- Digestive Diseases and Microbiota Group, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
- Department of Biology, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Isidre Elias
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | - Xavier Aldeguer
- Digestive Diseases and Microbiota Group, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
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10
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Bouranis JA, Beaver LM, Wong CP, Choi J, Hamer S, Davis EW, Brown KS, Jiang D, Sharpton TJ, Stevens JF, Ho E. Sulforaphane and Sulforaphane-Nitrile Metabolism in Humans Following Broccoli Sprout Consumption: Inter-individual Variation, Association with Gut Microbiome Composition, and Differential Bioactivity. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300286. [PMID: 38143283 PMCID: PMC10922398 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The glucosinolate glucoraphanin from broccoli is converted to sulforaphane (SFN) or sulforaphane-nitrile (SFN-NIT) by plant enzymes or the gut microbiome. Human feeding studies typically observe high inter-individual variation in absorption and excretion of SFN, however, the source of this variation is not fully known. To address this, a human feeding trial to comprehensively evaluate inter-individual variation in the absorption and excretion of all known SFN metabolites in urine, plasma, and stool, and tested the hypothesis that gut microbiome composition influences inter-individual variation in total SFN excretion has been conducted. METHODS AND RESULTS Participants (n = 55) consumed a single serving of broccoli or alfalfa sprouts and plasma, stool, and total urine are collected over 72 h for quantification of SFN metabolites and gut microbiome profiling using 16S gene sequencing. SFN-NIT excretion is markedly slower than SFN excretion (72 h vs 24 h). Members of genus Bifidobacterium, Dorea, and Ruminococcus torques are positively associated with SFN metabolite excretion while members of genus Alistipes and Blautia has a negative association. CONCLUSION This is the first report of SFN-NIT metabolite levels in human plasma, urine, and stool following consumption of broccoli sprouts. The results help explain factors driving inter-individual variation in SFN metabolism and are relevant for precision nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Bouranis
- College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Laura M Beaver
- College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Carmen P Wong
- College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Jaewoo Choi
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Sean Hamer
- College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Ed W Davis
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
- Center for Quantitative Life Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Kevin S Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Duo Jiang
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Thomas J Sharpton
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Jan F Stevens
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Emily Ho
- College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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11
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Pfäffle SP, Herz C, Brombacher E, Proietti M, Gigl M, Hofstetter CK, Mittermeier-Kleßinger VK, Claßen S, Tran HTT, Dawid C, Kreutz C, Günther S, Lamy E. A 14-Day Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Crossover Intervention Study with Anti-Bacterial Benzyl Isothiocyanate from Nasturtium ( Tropaeolum majus) on Human Gut Microbiome and Host Defense. Nutrients 2024; 16:373. [PMID: 38337658 PMCID: PMC10857499 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite substantial heterogeneity of studies, there is evidence that antibiotics commonly used in primary care influence the composition of the gastrointestinal microbiota in terms of changing their composition and/or diversity. Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) from the food and medicinal plant nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus) is known for its antimicrobial activity and is used for the treatment of infections of the draining urinary tract and upper respiratory tract. Against this background, we raised the question of whether a 14 d nasturtium intervention (3 g daily, N = 30 healthy females) could also impact the normal gut microbiota composition. Spot urinary BITC excretion highly correlated with a weak but significant antibacterial effect against Escherichia coli. A significant increase in human beta defensin 1 as a parameter for host defense was seen in urine and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) upon verum intervention. Pre-to-post analysis revealed that mean gut microbiome composition did not significantly differ between groups, nor did the circulating serum metabolome. On an individual level, some large changes were observed between sampling points, however. Explorative Spearman rank correlation analysis in subgroups revealed associations between gut microbiota and the circulating metabolome, as well as between changes in blood markers and bacterial gut species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon P. Pfäffle
- Molecular Preventive Medicine, University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Engesserstrasse 4, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 9, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Corinna Herz
- Molecular Preventive Medicine, University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Engesserstrasse 4, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eva Brombacher
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 26, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 19A, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies (CIBSS), University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 18, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michele Proietti
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Microbiome Core Facility, Breisacher Strasse 115, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Gigl
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Strasse 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 4, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Christoph K. Hofstetter
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Strasse 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Verena K. Mittermeier-Kleßinger
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Strasse 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Sophie Claßen
- Molecular Preventive Medicine, University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Engesserstrasse 4, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hoai T. T. Tran
- Molecular Preventive Medicine, University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Engesserstrasse 4, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Corinna Dawid
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Strasse 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 4, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Clemens Kreutz
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 26, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies (CIBSS), University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 18, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 9, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Evelyn Lamy
- Molecular Preventive Medicine, University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Engesserstrasse 4, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany
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12
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Shinn LM, Mansharamani A, Baer DJ, Novotny JA, Charron CS, Khan NA, Zhu R, Holscher HD. Fecal Metagenomics to Identify Biomarkers of Food Intake in Healthy Adults: Findings from Randomized, Controlled, Nutrition Trials. J Nutr 2024; 154:271-283. [PMID: 37949114 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Undigested components of the human diet affect the composition and function of the microorganisms present in the gastrointestinal tract. Techniques like metagenomic analyses allow researchers to study functional capacity, thus revealing the potential of using metagenomic data for developing objective biomarkers of food intake. OBJECTIVES As a continuation of our previous work using 16S and metabolomic datasets, we aimed to utilize a computationally intensive, multivariate, machine-learning approach to identify fecal KEGG (Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes) Orthology (KO) categories as biomarkers that accurately classify food intake. METHODS Data were aggregated from 5 controlled feeding studies that studied the individual impact of almonds, avocados, broccoli, walnuts, barley, and oats on the adult gastrointestinal microbiota. Deoxyribonucleic acid from preintervention and postintervention fecal samples underwent shotgun genomic sequencing. After preprocessing, sequences were aligned and functionally annotated with Double Index AlignMent Of Next-generation sequencing Data v2.0.11.149 and MEtaGenome ANalyzer v6.12.2, respectively. After the count normalization, the log of the fold change ratio for resulting KOs between pre- and postintervention of the treatment group against its corresponding control was utilized to conduct differential abundance analysis. Differentially abundant KOs were used to train machine-learning models examining potential biomarkers in both single-food and multi-food models. RESULTS We identified differentially abundant KOs in the almond (n = 54), broccoli (n = 2474), and walnut (n = 732) groups (q < 0.20), which demonstrated classification accuracies of 80%, 87%, and 86% for the almond, broccoli, and walnut groups using a random forest model to classify food intake into each food group's respective treatment and control arms, respectively. The mixed-food random forest achieved 81% accuracy. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal promise in utilizing fecal metagenomics to objectively complement self-reported measures of food intake. Future research on various foods and dietary patterns will expand these exploratory analyses for eventual use in feeding study compliance and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila M Shinn
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Aditya Mansharamani
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - David J Baer
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Janet A Novotny
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Craig S Charron
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Naiman A Khan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States; Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Ruoqing Zhu
- Department of Statistics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States; National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States.
| | - Hannah D Holscher
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States; Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States; National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States.
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13
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Chen A, Jiang Z, Cai L, Tang D. On the road to colorectal cancer development: crosstalk between the gut microbiota, metabolic reprogramming, and epigenetic modifications. Carcinogenesis 2023; 44:631-641. [PMID: 37586059 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgad058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have reported the role of gut microbes in colorectal cancer (CRC) development, as they can be influenced by dietary metabolism and mediate alterations in host epigenetics, ultimately affecting CRC. Intake of specific dietary components can affect gut microbial composition and function, and their metabolism regulates important epigenetic functions that may influence CRC risk. Gut microbes can regulate epigenetic modifications through nutrient metabolism, including histone modification, DNA methylation, and noncoding RNAs. Epigenetics, in turn, determines the gut microbial composition and thus influences the risk of developing CRC. This review discusses the complex crosstalk between metabolic reprogramming, gut microbiota, and epigenetics in CRC and highlights the potential applications of the gut microbiota as a biomarker for the prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Chen
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225001, China
| | - Zhengting Jiang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225001, China
| | - Lingli Cai
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225001, China
| | - Dong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, 225001, China
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14
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El-Sayed MM, Mohak S, Gala D, Fabian R, Peterfi Z, Fabian Z. The Role of the Intestinal Microbiome in Multiple Sclerosis-Lessons to Be Learned from Hippocrates. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1463. [PMID: 38132289 PMCID: PMC10740531 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Based on recent advances in research of chronic inflammatory conditions, there is a growing body of evidence that suggests a close correlation between the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract and the physiologic activity of the immune system. This raises the idea that disturbances of the GI ecosystem contribute to the unfolding of chronic diseases including neurodegenerative pathologies. Here, we overview our current understanding on the putative interaction between the gut microbiota and the immune system from the aspect of multiple sclerosis, one of the autoimmune conditions accompanied by severe chronic neuroinflammation that affects millions of people worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mahmoud El-Sayed
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Fylde Rd, Preston PR1 2HE, UK;
| | - Sidhesh Mohak
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Saint James School of Medicine, Park Ridge, IL 60068, USA;
| | - Dhir Gala
- American University of the Caribbean School of Medicine, 1 University Drive, Jordan Road, Cupecoy, St Marteen, The Netherlands;
| | - Reka Fabian
- Salerno, Secondary School, Threadneedle Road, H91 D9H3 Galway, Ireland;
| | - Zoltan Peterfi
- Division of Infectology, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pecs, Clinical Centre, 7623 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Zsolt Fabian
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Fylde Rd, Preston PR1 2HE, UK;
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15
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Bouranis JA, Wong CP, Beaver LM, Uesugi SL, Papenhausen EM, Choi J, Davis EW, Da Silva AN, Kalengamaliro N, Chaudhary R, Kharofa J, Takiar V, Herzog TJ, Barrett W, Ho E. Sulforaphane Bioavailability in Healthy Subjects Fed a Single Serving of Fresh Broccoli Microgreens. Foods 2023; 12:3784. [PMID: 37893677 PMCID: PMC10606698 DOI: 10.3390/foods12203784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cruciferous vegetable consumption is associated with numerous health benefits attributed to the phytochemical sulforaphane (SFN) that exerts antioxidant and chemopreventive properties, among other bioactive compounds. Broccoli sprouts, rich in SFN precursor glucoraphanin (GRN), have been investigated in numerous clinical trials. Broccoli microgreens are similarly rich in GRN but have remained largely unexplored. The goal of this study was to examine SFN bioavailability and the microbiome profile in subjects fed a single serving of fresh broccoli microgreens. Eleven subjects participated in a broccoli microgreens feeding study. Broccoli microgreens GRN and SFN contents and stability were measured. Urine and stool SFN metabolite profiles and microbiome composition were examined. Broccoli microgreens had similar GRN content to values previously reported for broccoli sprouts, which was stable over time. Urine SFN metabolite profiles in broccoli microgreens-fed subjects were similar to those reported previously in broccoli sprouts-fed subjects, including the detection of SFN-nitriles. We also reported the detection of SFN metabolites in stool samples for the first time. A single serving of broccoli microgreens did not significantly alter microbiome composition. We showed in this study that broccoli microgreens are a significant source of SFN. Our work provides the foundation for future studies to establish the health benefits of broccoli microgreens consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A. Bouranis
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (J.A.B.); (C.P.W.); (L.M.B.); (S.L.U.); (E.M.P.); (J.C.)
- School of Public Health and Nutrition, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Carmen P. Wong
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (J.A.B.); (C.P.W.); (L.M.B.); (S.L.U.); (E.M.P.); (J.C.)
- School of Public Health and Nutrition, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Laura M. Beaver
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (J.A.B.); (C.P.W.); (L.M.B.); (S.L.U.); (E.M.P.); (J.C.)
- School of Public Health and Nutrition, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Sandra L. Uesugi
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (J.A.B.); (C.P.W.); (L.M.B.); (S.L.U.); (E.M.P.); (J.C.)
| | - Ethan M. Papenhausen
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (J.A.B.); (C.P.W.); (L.M.B.); (S.L.U.); (E.M.P.); (J.C.)
| | - Jaewoo Choi
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (J.A.B.); (C.P.W.); (L.M.B.); (S.L.U.); (E.M.P.); (J.C.)
| | - Edward W. Davis
- Center for Quantitative Life Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | | | | | - Rekha Chaudhary
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA;
| | - Jordan Kharofa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (J.K.); (V.T.); (W.B.)
| | - Vinita Takiar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (J.K.); (V.T.); (W.B.)
| | - Thomas J. Herzog
- Department of OB/GYN, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA;
| | - William Barrett
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (J.K.); (V.T.); (W.B.)
| | - Emily Ho
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (J.A.B.); (C.P.W.); (L.M.B.); (S.L.U.); (E.M.P.); (J.C.)
- School of Public Health and Nutrition, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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16
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Aljuraiban GS, Algabsani SS, Sabico S, AlShammari S, Aljazairy EA, AL-Musharaf S. Types of fiber and gut microbiota composition and diversity among arab females. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103767. [PMID: 37609544 PMCID: PMC10440561 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Dietary fiber is recognized as an important nutrient for gut health. However, research on the relations of different types of fibers (soluble and insoluble) to the human microbiota health is limited. This study aimed to identify whether higher habitual intake of soluble and/or insoluble fiber have a different influence on the composition, diversity, and abundance of microbiota. Methods We examined the fecal microbial composition of 92 healthy females aged 18 and above using the novel shotgun metagenomics sequencing technique. The habitual fiber intake was determined using the Saudi food frequency questionnaire. Pearson's correlation was used for the correlations between total, soluble, and insoluble fiber and gut microbiota. α- and β-diversities were applied to acquire the distinctions in the relative abundances of bacterial taxa. Results Our findings show that higher dietary fiber, particularly insoluble fiber, was significantly correlated with the abundances of Bacteroides_u_s, Bacteroides uniformis, and Lactobacillus acidophilus (r = 0.26, 0.29, 0.26, p-value < 0.05, respectively). Non-significant difference was noted in the microbial α-diversity and β-diversity in low and high soluble/insoluble dietary fiber. Conclusions Current findings suggest that insoluble dietary-fiber intake is favorably correlated with the health of the human gut microbiota. However, further investigations are necessary to identify the effect of types of fiber on the specific species identified in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghadeer S. Aljuraiban
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah S. Algabsani
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaun Sabico
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem AlShammari
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esra'a A. Aljazairy
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara AL-Musharaf
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Montenegro J, Armet AM, Willing BP, Deehan EC, Fassini PG, Mota JF, Walter J, Prado CM. Exploring the Influence of Gut Microbiome on Energy Metabolism in Humans. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:840-857. [PMID: 37031749 PMCID: PMC10334151 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome has a profound influence on host physiology, including energy metabolism, which is the process by which energy from nutrients is transformed into other forms of energy to be used by the body. However, mechanistic evidence for how the microbiome influences energy metabolism is derived from animal models. In this narrative review, we included human studies investigating the relationship between gut microbiome and energy metabolism -i.e., energy expenditure in humans and energy harvest by the gut microbiome. Studies have found no consistent gut microbiome patterns associated with energy metabolism, and most interventions were not effective in modulating the gut microbiome to influence energy metabolism. To date, cause-and-effect relationships and mechanistic evidence on the impact of the gut microbiome on energy expenditure have not been established in humans. Future longitudinal observational studies and randomized controlled trials utilizing robust methodologies and advanced statistical analysis are needed. Such knowledge would potentially inform the design of therapeutic avenues and specific dietary recommendations to improve energy metabolism through gut microbiome modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Montenegro
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anissa M Armet
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Benjamin P Willing
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Edward C Deehan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States; Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States
| | - Priscila G Fassini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nutrology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João F Mota
- School of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil; APC Microbiome Ireland, School of Microbiology, and Department of Medicine, University College Cork - National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jens Walter
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; APC Microbiome Ireland, School of Microbiology, and Department of Medicine, University College Cork - National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Carla M Prado
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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18
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Gasmi A, Gasmi Benahmed A, Shanaida M, Chirumbolo S, Menzel A, Anzar W, Arshad M, Cruz-Martins N, Lysiuk R, Beley N, Oliinyk P, Shanaida V, Denys A, Peana M, Bjørklund G. Anticancer activity of broccoli, its organosulfur and polyphenolic compounds. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-19. [PMID: 37129118 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2195493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of natural bioactive constituents from various food sources for anticancer purposes has become increasingly popular worldwide. Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) is on the top of the consumed vegetables by the masses. Its raw matrix contains a plethora of phytochemicals, such as glucosinolates and phenolic compounds, along with rich amounts of vitamins, and minerals. Consumption of broccoli-derived phytochemicals provides strong antioxidant effects, particularly due to its sulforaphane content, while modulating numerous molecules involved in cell cycle regulation, control of apoptosis, and tuning enzyme activity. Thus, the inclusion of broccoli in the daily diet lowers the susceptibility to developing cancers. Numerous studies have underlined the undisputable role of broccoli in the diet as a chemopreventive raw food, owing to the content in sulforaphane, an isothiocyanate produced as a result of hydrolysis of precursor glucosinolates called glucoraphanin. This review will provide evidence supporting the specific role of fresh florets and sprouts of broccoli and its key bioactive constituents in the prevention and treatment of different cancers; a number of studies carried out in the in vitro and in vivo conditions as well as clinical trials were analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Gasmi
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
- International Congress of Nutritional Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
- Société Marocaine de Micronutrition et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Casablanca, Morocco
| | | | - Mariia Shanaida
- I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- CONEM Scientific Secretary, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Wajiha Anzar
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mehreen Arshad
- National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, Gandra PRD, Portugal
- TOXRUN - Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Roman Lysiuk
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
- CONEM Ukraine Life Science Research Group, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Nataliya Beley
- I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Petro Oliinyk
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
- CONEM Ukraine Life Science Research Group, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Shanaida
- Design of Machine Tools, Instruments and Machines Department, Ternopil Ivan Puluj National Technical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | | | - Massimiliano Peana
- Department of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Mo i Rana, Norway
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19
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MIRMOHAMMADALI SN, ROSENKRANZ SK. Dietary phytochemicals, gut microbiota composition, and health outcomes in human and animal models. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA, FOOD AND HEALTH 2023; 42:152-171. [PMID: 37404568 PMCID: PMC10315191 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2022-078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
The role of the composition of the gut microbiota on human health is not well understood. However, during the past decade, an increased emphasis has been placed on the influence of the impact of nutrition on the composition of gut microbiota and how the gut microbiota affects human health. The current review focuses on the role of some of the most studied phytochemicals on the composition of the gut microbiota. First, the review highlights the state of the research evidence regarding dietary phytochemical consumption and gut microbiota composition, including the influence of phytochemicals such as polyphenols, glucosinolates, flavonoids, and sterols that are present in vegetables, nuts, beans, and other foods. Second, the review identifies changes in health outcomes with altered gut microbiota composition, in both animal and human model studies. Third, the review highlights research that includes both associations between dietary phytochemical consumption and gut microbiota composition, and associations between the gut microbiota composition and health outcomes, in order to elucidate the role of the gut microbiota in the relationship between dietary phytochemical consumption and health outcomes in humans and animals. The current review indicated that phytochemicals can beneficially alter gut microbiota composition and decrease the risk for some diseases, such as cancers, and improve some cardiovascular and metabolic risk biomarkers. There is an urgent demand for high-quality studies that determine the relationships between the consumption of phytochemicals and health outcomes, examining gut microbiota as a moderator or mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Nooshan MIRMOHAMMADALI
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health, Kansas
State University, 110 Anderson Hall, 919 Mid-Campus Drive North, Manhattan, KS 66506-0110,
USA
| | - Sara K. ROSENKRANZ
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University
of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
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20
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Effect of two-week red beetroot juice consumption on modulation of gut microbiota in healthy human volunteers - A pilot study. Food Chem 2023; 406:134989. [PMID: 36527987 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
With very little research exploring intestinal effects of red beetroot consumption, the present pilot study investigated gut microbial changes following red beetroot consumption, via a 14-day intervention trial in healthy adults. Compared to baseline, the study demonstrates transient changes in abundance of some taxa e.g., Romboutsia and Christensenella, after different days of intervention (p < 0.05). Enrichment of Akkermansia muciniphila and decrease of Bacteroides fragilis (p < 0.05) were observed after 3 days of juice consumption, followed by restoration in abundance after 14 days. With native betacyanins and catabolites detected in stool after juice consumption, betacyanins were found to correlate positively with Bifidobacterium and Coprococcus, and inversely with Ruminococcus (p < 0.1), potentiating a significant rise in (iso)butyric acid content (172.7 ± 30.9 µmol/g stool). Study findings indicate the potential of red beetroot to influence gut microbial populations and catabolites associated with these changes, emphasizing the potential benefit of red beetroot on intestinal as well as systemic health.
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21
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Wang T, Holscher HD, Maslov S, Hu FB, Weiss ST, Liu YY. Predicting metabolic response to dietary intervention using deep learning. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.14.532589. [PMID: 36993761 PMCID: PMC10054958 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.14.532589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Due to highly personalized biological and lifestyle characteristics, different individuals may have different metabolic responses to specific foods and nutrients. In particular, the gut microbiota, a collection of trillions of microorganisms living in our gastrointestinal tract, is highly personalized and plays a key role in our metabolic responses to foods and nutrients. Accurately predicting metabolic responses to dietary interventions based on individuals' gut microbial compositions holds great promise for precision nutrition. Existing prediction methods are typically limited to traditional machine learning models. Deep learning methods dedicated to such tasks are still lacking. Here we develop a new method McMLP (Metabolic response predictor using coupled Multilayer Perceptrons) to fill in this gap. We provide clear evidence that McMLP outperforms existing methods on both synthetic data generated by the microbial consumer-resource model and real data obtained from six dietary intervention studies. Furthermore, we perform sensitivity analysis of McMLP to infer the tripartite food-microbe-metabolite interactions, which are then validated using the ground-truth (or literature evidence) for synthetic (or real) data, respectively. The presented tool has the potential to inform the design of microbiota-based personalized dietary strategies to achieve precision nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hannah D. Holscher
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Center for Artificial Intelligence and Modeling, The Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Sergei Maslov
- Center for Artificial Intelligence and Modeling, The Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Scott T. Weiss
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yang-Yu Liu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Artificial Intelligence and Modeling, The Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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22
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Karim MR, Iqbal S, Mohammad S, Lee JH, Jung D, Mathiyalagan R, Yang DC, Yang DU, Kang SC. A review on Impact of dietary interventions, drugs, and traditional herbal supplements on the gut microbiome. Microbiol Res 2023; 271:127346. [PMID: 36921399 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome is the community of healthy, and infectious organisms in the gut and its interaction in the host gut intestine (GI) environment. The balance of microbial richness with beneficial microbes is very important to perform healthy body functions like digesting food, controlling metabolism, and precise immune function. Alternately, this microbial dysbiosis occurs due to changes in the physiochemical condition, substrate avidity, and drugs. Moreover, various categories of diet such as "plant-based", "animal-based", "western", "mediterranean", and various drugs (antibiotic and common drugs) also contribute to maintaining microbial flora inside the gut. The imbalance (dysbiosis) in the microbiota of the GI tract can cause several disorders (such as diabetes, obesity, cancer, inflammation, and so on). Recently, the major interest is to use prebiotic, probiotic, postbiotic, and herbal supplements to balance such microbial community in the GI tract. But, there has still a large gap in understanding the microbiome function, and its relation to the host diet, drugs, and herbal supplements to maintain the healthy life of the host. So, the present review is about the updates on the microbiome concerns related to diet, drug, and herbal supplements, and also gives research evidence to improve our daily habits regarding diet, drugs, and herbal supplements. Because our regular dietary plan and traditional herbal supplements can improve our health by balancing the bacteria in our gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rezaul Karim
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea; Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh; Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
| | - Safia Iqbal
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea; Department of Microbiology, Varendra Institute of Biosciences, Affiliated by Rajshahi University, Natore, Rajshahi, Bangladesh; Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
| | - Shahnawaz Mohammad
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
| | - Jung Hyeok Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
| | - Daehyo Jung
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
| | - Ramya Mathiyalagan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
| | - Deok-Chun Yang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea; Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
| | - Dong Uk Yang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea; Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
| | - Se Chan Kang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea; Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
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23
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Holman J, Hurd M, Moses PL, Mawe GM, Zhang T, Ishaq SL, Li Y. Interplay of broccoli/broccoli sprout bioactives with gut microbiota in reducing inflammation in inflammatory bowel diseases. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 113:109238. [PMID: 36442719 PMCID: PMC9974906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) are chronic, reoccurring, and debilitating conditions characterized by inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, some of which can lead to more systemic complications and can include autoimmune dysfunction, a change in the taxonomic and functional structure of microbial communities in the gut, and complicated burdens in a person's daily life. Like many diseases based in chronic inflammation, research on IBD has pointed towards a multifactorial origin involving factors of the person's lifestyle, immune system, associated microbial communities, and environmental conditions. Treatment currently exists only as palliative care, and seeks to disrupt the feedback loop of symptoms by reducing inflammation and allowing as much of a return to homeostasis as possible. Various anti-inflammatory options have been explored, and this review focuses on the use of diet as an alternative means of improving gut health. Specifically, we highlight the connection between the role of sulforaphane from cruciferous vegetables in regulating inflammation and in modifying microbial communities, and to break down the role they play in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Holman
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
| | - Molly Hurd
- Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Peter L Moses
- Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA; Finch Therapeutics, Somerville, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gary M Mawe
- Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, SUNY Binghamton University, Johnson City, New York, USA
| | - Suzanne L Ishaq
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA.
| | - Yanyan Li
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA.
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24
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Bouranis JA, Beaver LM, Jiang D, Choi J, Wong CP, Davis EW, Williams DE, Sharpton TJ, Stevens JF, Ho E. Interplay between Cruciferous Vegetables and the Gut Microbiome: A Multi-Omic Approach. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010042. [PMID: 36615700 PMCID: PMC9824405 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassica vegetables contain a multitude of bioactive compounds that prevent and suppress cancer and promote health. Evidence suggests that the gut microbiome may be essential in the production of these compounds; however, the relationship between specific microbes and the abundance of metabolites produced during cruciferous vegetable digestion are still unclear. We utilized an ex vivo human fecal incubation model with in vitro digested broccoli sprouts (Broc), Brussels sprouts (Brus), a combination of the two vegetables (Combo), or a negative control (NC) to investigate microbial metabolites of cruciferous vegetables. We conducted untargeted metabolomics on the fecal cultures by LC-MS/MS and completed 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We identified 72 microbial genera in our samples, 29 of which were significantly differentially abundant between treatment groups. A total of 4499 metabolomic features were found to be significantly different between treatment groups (q ≤ 0.05, fold change > 2). Chemical enrichment analysis revealed 45 classes of compounds to be significantly enriched by brassicas, including long-chain fatty acids, coumaric acids, and peptides. Multi-block PLS-DA and a filtering method were used to identify microbe−metabolite interactions. We identified 373 metabolites from brassica, which had strong relationships with microbes, such as members of the family Clostridiaceae and genus Intestinibacter, that may be microbially derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A. Bouranis
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Laura M. Beaver
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Duo Jiang
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Jaewoo Choi
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Carmen P. Wong
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Edward W. Davis
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Center for Quantitative Life Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - David E. Williams
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Thomas J. Sharpton
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Jan F. Stevens
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Emily Ho
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Correspondence:
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25
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Goggans ML, Bilbrey EA, Quiroz-Moreno CD, Francis DM, Jacobi SK, Kovac J, Cooperstone JL. Short-Term Tomato Consumption Alters the Pig Gut Microbiome toward a More Favorable Profile. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0250622. [PMID: 36346230 PMCID: PMC9769997 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02506-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Diets rich in fruits and vegetables have been shown to exert positive effects on the gut microbiome. However, little is known about the specific effect of individual fruits or vegetables on gut microbe profiles. This study aims to elucidate the effects of tomato consumption on the gut microbiome, as tomatoes account for 22% of vegetable consumption in Western diets, and their consumption has been associated with positive health outcomes. Using piglets as a physiologically relevant model of human metabolism, 20 animals were assigned to either a control or a tomato powder-supplemented diet (both macronutrient matched and isocaloric) for 14 days. The microbiome was sampled rectally at three time points: day 0 (baseline), day 7 (midpoint), and day 14 (end of study). DNA was sequenced using shotgun metagenomics, and reads were annotated using MG-RAST. There were no differences in body weight or feed intake between our two treatment groups. There was a microbial shift which included a higher ratio of Bacteroidota to Bacillota (formerly known as Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, respectively) and higher alpha-diversity in tomato-fed animals, indicating a shift to a more desirable phenotype. Analyses at both the phylum and genus levels showed global microbiome profile changes (permutational multivariate analysis of variance [PERMANOVA], P ≤ 0.05) over time but not with tomato consumption. These data suggest that short-term tomato consumption can beneficially influence the gut microbial profile, warranting further investigation in humans. IMPORTANCE The composition of the microorganisms in the gut is a contributor to overall health, prompting the development of strategies to alter the microbiome composition. Studies have investigated the role of the diet on the microbiome, as it is a major modifiable risk factor contributing to health; however, little is known about the causal effects of consumption of specific foods on the gut microbiota. A more complete understanding of how individual foods impact the microbiome will enable more evidence-based dietary recommendations for long-term health. Tomatoes are of interest as the most consumed nonstarchy vegetable and a common source of nutrients and phytochemicals across the world. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of short-term tomato consumption on the microbiome, using piglets as a physiologically relevant model to humans. We found that tomato consumption can positively affect the gut microbial profile, which warrants further investigation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory L. Goggans
- Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Emma A. Bilbrey
- Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - David M. Francis
- Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Jasna Kovac
- Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Microbiome Center, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jessica L. Cooperstone
- Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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26
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Santos D, Frota EG, Vargas BK, Tonieto Gris CC, Santos LFD, Bertolin TE. What is the role of phenolic compounds of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) in gut microbiota? PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 203:113341. [PMID: 35952769 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Diet actively influences gut microbiota and body homeostasis. The predominance of beneficial species results in symbiosis, while dysbiosis is characterized by an imbalance between microbial communities. Food plays a key role in this dynamic and in promoting the health of individuals. Ilex paraguariensis, also known as yerba mate, is a traditional plant from Latin America that has a complex matrix of bioactive substances, including methylxanthines, triterpenes, saponins, and phenolics. The consumption of yerba mate is associated with antioxidant, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity effects. However, to the best of our knowledge, there have been no studies on yerba mate as a modulating agent of intestinal microbiota. Phenolics are the major compounds in yerba mate and have been reported to act in modulating the microbiome. In this review, we explore the activity of yerba mate as a possible stimulant of gut microbiota and present its main phenolics and their biological effects. We also propose different mechanisms of action of these phenolics and possible doses for their effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane Santos
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Campus I, km 171, BR 285, CEP: 99001-970, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Elionio Galvão Frota
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Campus I, km 171, BR 285, CEP: 99001-970, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Krieger Vargas
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Campus I, km 171, BR 285, CEP: 99001-970, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Cintia Cassia Tonieto Gris
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Campus I, km 171, BR 285, CEP: 99001-970, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Lára Franco Dos Santos
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Campus I, km 171, BR 285, CEP: 99001-970, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Telma Elita Bertolin
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Campus I, km 171, BR 285, CEP: 99001-970, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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27
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Núñez-Gómez V, González-Barrio R, Baenas N, Moreno DA, Periago MJ. Dietary-Fibre-Rich Fractions Isolated from Broccoli Stalks as a Potential Functional Ingredient with Phenolic Compounds and Glucosinolates. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113309. [PMID: 36362095 PMCID: PMC9656928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Brassica oleracea industry generates large amounts of by-products to which value could be added because of the characteristics of their composition. The aim was to extract different fibre fractions from broccoli stalks to obtain potential new added-value ingredients. Using an ethanol and water extraction procedure, two fibre-rich fractions (total fibre fraction, TFB, and insoluble fibre fraction, IFB) were obtained. These fractions were analysed to determine the nutritional, (poly)phenols and glucosinolates composition and physicochemical properties, comparing the results with those of freeze-dried broccoli stalks (DBS). Although TFB showed a higher content of total dietary fibre, IFB had the same content of insoluble dietary fibre as TFB (54%), better hydration properties, higher content of glucosinolates (100 mg/100 g d.w.) and (poly)phenols (74.7 mg/100 g d.w.). The prebiotic effect was evaluated in IFB and compared with DBS by in vitro fermentation with human faecal slurries. After 48 h, the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production was higher with IFB than with DBS because of the greater presence of both uronic acids, the main component of pectin, and (poly)phenols. These results reveal that novel fibre-rich ingredients—with antioxidant, technological and physiological effects—could be obtained from broccoli stalks by using green extraction methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Núñez-Gómez
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Rocío González-Barrio
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Nieves Baenas
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Diego A. Moreno
- Phytochemistry and Healthy Food Lab, Department of Food Science and Technology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS), CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Edificio 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Mª Jesús Periago
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-868-884-793
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Lucarini E, Micheli L, Pagnotta E, Toti A, Ferrara V, Ciampi C, Margiotta F, Martelli A, Testai L, Calderone V, Matteo R, Suriano S, Troccoli A, Pecchioni N, Manera C, Mannelli LDC, Ghelardini C. The Efficacy of Camelina sativa Defatted Seed Meal against Colitis-Induced Persistent Visceral Hypersensitivity: The Relevance of PPAR α Receptor Activation in Pain Relief. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153137. [PMID: 35956313 PMCID: PMC9370738 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brassicaceae are natural sources of bioactive compounds able to promote gut health. Belonging to this plant family, Camelina sativa is an ancient oil crop rich in glucosinolates, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and antioxidants that is attracting renewed attention for its nutraceutical potential. This work aimed at investigating the therapeutic effects of a defatted seed meal (DSM) of Camelina sativa on the colon damage and the persistent visceral hypersensitivity associated with colitis in rats. Inflammation was induced by the intrarectal injection of 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (DNBS). The acute administration of Camelina sativa DSM (0.1–1 g kg−1) showed a dose-dependent pain-relieving effect in DNBS-treated rats. The efficacy of the meal was slightly enhanced after bioactivation with myrosinase, which increased isothiocyanate availability, and drastically decreased by pre-treating the animals with the selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR α) receptor antagonist GW6471. Repeated treatments with Camelina sativa DSM (1 g kg−1) meal counteracted the development, as well as the persistence, of visceral hyperalgesia in DNBS-treated animals by reducing the intestinal inflammatory damage and preventing enteric neuron damage. In conclusion, Camelina sativa meal might be employed as a nutraceutical tool to manage persistent abdominal pain in patients and to promote gut healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lucarini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, and Child Health—NEUROFARBA—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (L.M.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Laura Micheli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, and Child Health—NEUROFARBA—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (L.M.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Eleonora Pagnotta
- CREA—Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (E.P.); (R.M.)
| | - Alessandra Toti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, and Child Health—NEUROFARBA—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (L.M.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Valentina Ferrara
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, and Child Health—NEUROFARBA—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (L.M.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Clara Ciampi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, and Child Health—NEUROFARBA—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (L.M.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Francesco Margiotta
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, and Child Health—NEUROFARBA—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (L.M.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (L.T.); (V.C.); (C.M.)
- Interdepartmental Research Centre Nutraceuticals and Food for Health—NUTRAFOOD, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lara Testai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (L.T.); (V.C.); (C.M.)
- Interdepartmental Research Centre Nutraceuticals and Food for Health—NUTRAFOOD, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (L.T.); (V.C.); (C.M.)
- Interdepartmental Research Centre Nutraceuticals and Food for Health—NUTRAFOOD, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Matteo
- CREA—Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (E.P.); (R.M.)
| | - Serafino Suriano
- CREA—Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (S.S.); (A.T.); (N.P.)
| | - Antonio Troccoli
- CREA—Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (S.S.); (A.T.); (N.P.)
| | - Nicola Pecchioni
- CREA—Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (S.S.); (A.T.); (N.P.)
| | - Clementina Manera
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (L.T.); (V.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, and Child Health—NEUROFARBA—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (L.M.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, and Child Health—NEUROFARBA—Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (L.M.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
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29
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Zhang Q, Zhou S, Lim PE, Wei B, Xue C, Xue Y, Tang Q. Kappaphycus Alvarezii Compound Powder Prevents Chemotherapy-Induced Intestinal Mucositis in BALB/c Mice. Nutr Cancer 2022; 74:3735-3746. [PMID: 35758096 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2089699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to formulate Kappaphycus alvarezii compound powder containing Kappaphycus alvarezii powder (KP), cooked sorghum powder (SP), and longan powder (LP); which was evaluated for its therapeutic effects against chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucosal injury (CIMI). Based on rheological properties, sensory evaluation, and antioxidant activity and using single factor and response surface methodology, the optimal formula to develop the compound powder was determined to be 35% KP, 30% SP, 5% LP, and 30% xylitol. Thereafter, the efficacy of the compound powder was tested by feeding BALB/c mice with diets supplemented with the Kappaphycus alvarezii compound powder (3% and 5%) for 14 consecutive days. The chemotherapeutic drug 5-fluorouracil was intraperitoneally injected (50 mg/kg) in the mice to induce CIMI for the last three consecutive days. Compared to the CIMI mice, those fed 5% Kappaphycus alvarezii compound powder (HC) showed significantly improved the intestinal injury, increased mucin-2 secretion, and reduced TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, LT, and COX-2 levels. Furthermore, HC intake significantly reduced the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio, promoted the growth of beneficial bacteria, such as Alloprevotella, and inhibited the growth of harmful bacteria, such as Clostridium. In conclusion, HC has a protective effect against CIMI and provides a novel dietary strategy for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Sainan Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Phaik Eem Lim
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Biqian Wei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao, China
| | - Yong Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingjuan Tang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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30
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From Foods to Chemotherapeutics: The Antioxidant Potential of Dietary Phytochemicals. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10061222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Food plants have been recognized for their medicinal properties for millennia, a concept supported by epidemiological studies indicating long-term health benefits for people consuming greater amounts of fruits and vegetables. As our technology and instrumentation advance, researchers have the ability to identify promising phytochemicals, and examine their potential benefits, or detriments, to human health. While results from trials investigating single chemical supplementation have sometimes produced negative health results, studies investigating the synergistic action of phytochemicals—either within our diet or as an adjuvant to radiation or chemotherapy—appear promising. Utilizing phytochemicals as synergistic agents may lower the chemotherapeutic doses needed to incur physiological results, while also using chemicals with fewer toxic effects. This review investigates a variety of plant-produced chemicals humans typically ingest, their impacts on overall health patterns, molecular mechanisms associated with their health impacts, and the potential of their synergistic use for therapeutic purposes.
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31
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Abstract
Given the worldwide epidemic of diet-related chronic diseases, evidence-based dietary recommendations are fundamentally important for health promotion. Despite the importance of the human gut microbiota for the physiological effects of diet and chronic disease etiology, national dietary guidelines around the world are just beginning to capitalize on scientific breakthroughs in the microbiome field. In this review, we discuss contemporary nutritional recommendations from a microbiome science perspective, focusing on mechanistic evidence that established host-microbe interactions as mediators of the physiological effects of diet. We apply this knowledge to inform discussions of nutrition controversies, advance innovative dietary strategies, and propose an experimental framework that integrates the microbiome into nutrition research. The congruence of key paradigms in the nutrition and microbiome disciplines validates current recommendations in dietary guidelines, and the systematic incorporation of microbiome science into nutrition research has the potential to further improve and innovate healthy eating.
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Monjotin N, Amiot MJ, Fleurentin J, Morel JM, Raynal S. Clinical Evidence of the Benefits of Phytonutrients in Human Healthcare. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091712. [PMID: 35565680 PMCID: PMC9102588 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytonutrients comprise many different chemicals, including carotenoids, indoles, glucosinolates, organosulfur compounds, phytosterols, polyphenols, and saponins. This review focuses on the human healthcare benefits of seven phytochemical families and highlights the significant potential contribution of phytonutrients in the prevention and management of pathologies and symptoms in the field of family health. The structure and function of these phytochemical families and their dietary sources are presented, along with an overview of their potential activities across different health and therapeutic targets. This evaluation has enabled complementary effects of the different families of phytonutrients in the same area of health to be recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Monjotin
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Pierre Fabre Medical Care, 81100 Castres, France;
| | - Marie Josèphe Amiot
- Montpellier Interdisciplinary Center on Sustainable Agri-Food Systems, INRAE, Agro Institute, Université de Montpellier, CIHEAM-IAMM, CIRAD, IRD, 34000 Montpellier, France;
| | | | | | - Sylvie Raynal
- Direction Médicale Patients et Consommateurs, Pierre Fabre Medical Care, 81100 Castres, France
- Correspondence:
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33
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Cronin P, Murphy CL, Barrett M, Ghosh TS, Pellanda P, O'Connor EM, Zulquernain SA, Kileen S, McCourt M, Andrews E, O'Riordain MG, Shanahan F, O'Toole PW. Colorectal microbiota after removal of colorectal cancer. NAR Cancer 2022; 4:zcac011. [PMID: 35399186 PMCID: PMC8991967 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcac011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The colonic microbiome has been implicated in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) and intestinal microbiome alterations are not confined to the tumour. Since data on whether the microbiome normalises or remains altered after resection of CRC are conflicting, we studied the colonic microbiota of patients after resection of CRC. We profiled the microbiota using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing in colonic biopsies from patients after resection of CRC (n = 63) in comparison with controls (n = 52), subjects with newly diagnosed CRC (n = 93) and polyps (i = 28). The colonic microbiota after surgical resection remained significantly different from that of controls in 65% of patients. Genus-level profiling and beta-diversity confirmed two distinct groups of patients after resection of CRC: one with an abnormal microbiota similar to that of patients with newly diagnosed CRC and another similar to non-CRC controls. Consumption levels of several dietary ingredients and cardiovascular drugs co-varied with differences in microbiota composition suggesting lifestyle factors may modulate differential microbiome trajectories after surgical resection. This study supports investigation of the colonic microbiota as a marker of risk for development of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Cronin
- Department of Biological Science, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Clodagh L Murphy
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, T12 YT20, Ireland
| | - Maurice Barrett
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, T12 YT20, Ireland
| | | | - Paola Pellanda
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, T12 YT20, Ireland
| | - Eibhlis M O'Connor
- Department of Biological Science, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | | | - Shane Kileen
- Cork University Hospital, Cork, T12 DC4A, Ireland
| | | | | | | | - Fergus Shanahan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, T12 YT20, Ireland
| | - Paul W O'Toole
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, T12 YT20, Ireland
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34
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Zhao A, Jeffery EH, Miller MJ. Is Bitterness Only a Taste? The Expanding Area of Health Benefits of Brassica Vegetables and Potential for Bitter Taste Receptors to Support Health Benefits. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071434. [PMID: 35406047 PMCID: PMC9002472 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The list of known health benefits from inclusion of brassica vegetables in the diet is long and growing. Once limited to cancer prevention, a role for brassica in prevention of oxidative stress and anti-inflammation has aided in our understanding that brassica provide far broader benefits. These include prevention and treatment of chronic diseases of aging such as diabetes, neurological deterioration, and heart disease. Although animal and cell culture studies are consistent, clinical studies often show too great a variation to confirm these benefits in humans. In this review, we discuss causes of variation in clinical studies, focusing on the impact of the wide variation across humans in commensal bacterial composition, which potentially result in variations in microbial metabolism of glucosinolates. In addition, as research into host-microbiome interactions develops, a role for bitter-tasting receptors, termed T2Rs, in the gastrointestinal tract and their role in entero-endocrine hormone regulation is developing. Here, we summarize the growing literature on mechanisms of health benefits by brassica-derived isothiocyanates and the potential for extra-oral T2Rs as a novel mechanism that may in part describe the variability in response to brassica among free-living humans, not seen in research animal and cell culture studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Zhao
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
| | - Elizabeth H. Jeffery
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
| | - Michael J. Miller
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Panthee B, Gyawali S, Panthee P, Techato K. Environmental and Human Microbiome for Health. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12030456. [PMID: 35330207 PMCID: PMC8949289 DOI: 10.3390/life12030456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms are an essential part of life on the earth and can exist in association with virtually any living thing. The environmental microbiome is much more diverse than the human microbiome. It is reported that most microbes existing in the environment are difficult to culture in the laboratory. Whereas both pathogenic and beneficial microbes may be prevailing in the environment, the human body can have three categories of microbes- beneficial, pathogenic, and opportunistic pathogenic. With at least 10-fold more cells than human cells, microbes as normal flora are critical for human survival. The microbes present in the human body play a crucial role in maintaining human health, and the environmental microbiome influences the human microbiome makeup. The interaction between the environmental and human microbiome highly influences human health, however it is poorly understood. In addition, as an established infection is associated with health-seeking behavior, a large number of studies have focused on the transmission and dynamics of infectious microorganisms than the noninfectious or beneficial ones. This review will summarize how the interaction between the environmental and human microbiome affects human health and identify approaches that might be beneficial for humans to improve health by being exposed to the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimala Panthee
- Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand;
- Sustainable Study and Research Institute, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal;
- Correspondence: (B.P.); (K.T.)
| | - Saroj Gyawali
- Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand;
- Sustainable Study and Research Institute, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal;
| | | | - Kuaanan Techato
- Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand;
- Correspondence: (B.P.); (K.T.)
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36
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Lucarini E, Micheli L, Pagnotta E, Matteo R, Parisio C, Toti A, Ferrara V, Ciampi C, Martelli A, Testai L, Calderone V, Savino M, Russo M, Pecchioni N, Ghelardini C, Di Cesare Mannelli L. Beneficial Effects of Eruca sativa Defatted Seed Meal on Visceral Pain and Intestinal Damage Resulting from Colitis in Rats. Foods 2022; 11:foods11040580. [PMID: 35206057 PMCID: PMC8870774 DOI: 10.3390/foods11040580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Most therapies used in patients affected by inflammatory bowel diseases are ineffective in preventing the development of chronic visceral hypersensitivity, mainly due to inflammation-induced enteric neuroplasticity. Glucosinolates, secondary metabolites mainly of Brassicaceae with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, are effective in treating both neuropathic and arthritis pain through H2S release and Kv7 potassium channel activation. The aim of this work was to investigate the protective and anti-hyperalgesic efficacy of a defatted seed meal from Eruca sativa Mill. (Brassicaceae), rich in glucosinolates, in a rat model of colitis induced by 2,4-dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS). The mechanisms of action were also investigated. Visceral pain was assessed by measuring the abdominal response to colorectal distension. Fifteen days after colitis induction, the acute administration of E. sativa defatted seed meal (0.1–1 g kg−1 p.o.) dose-dependently relieved pain. This effect was hampered by co-administering an H2S scavenger or a selective Kv7 blocker. Administering E. sativa (1 g kg−1) for 14 days, starting after DNBS injection, contributed to counteracting visceral pain persistence in the post-inflammatory phase of colitis by promoting colon healing from the damage and reducing enteric gliosis. E. sativa defatted seed meal might be employed as a nutraceutical tool for supporting abdominal pain relief in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lucarini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (L.M.); (C.P.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (C.G.)
| | - Laura Micheli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (L.M.); (C.P.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (C.G.)
| | - Eleonora Pagnotta
- CREA-Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (E.P.); (R.M.)
| | - Roberto Matteo
- CREA-Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (E.P.); (R.M.)
| | - Carmen Parisio
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (L.M.); (C.P.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (C.G.)
| | - Alessandra Toti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (L.M.); (C.P.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (C.G.)
| | - Valentina Ferrara
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (L.M.); (C.P.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (C.G.)
| | - Clara Ciampi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (L.M.); (C.P.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (C.G.)
| | - Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (L.T.); (V.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Centre Nutraceuticals and Food for Health (NUTRAFOOD), University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lara Testai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (L.T.); (V.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Centre Nutraceuticals and Food for Health (NUTRAFOOD), University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (L.T.); (V.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Centre Nutraceuticals and Food for Health (NUTRAFOOD), University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Michele Savino
- CREA-Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.S.); (M.R.); (N.P.)
| | - Mario Russo
- CREA-Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.S.); (M.R.); (N.P.)
| | - Nicola Pecchioni
- CREA-Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.S.); (M.R.); (N.P.)
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (L.M.); (C.P.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (C.G.)
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (L.M.); (C.P.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence:
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37
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Brown MD, Shinn LM, Reeser G, Browning M, Schwingel A, Khan NA, Holscher HD. Fecal and soil microbiota composition of gardening and non-gardening families. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1595. [PMID: 35102166 PMCID: PMC8804003 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05387-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Historically, humans have interacted with soils, which contain a rich source of microorganisms. Fruit and vegetable gardening is the primary interaction humans have with soil today. Animal research reveals that soil microorganisms can be transferred to the rodent intestine. However, studies on fecal and soil microbial changes associated with gardening in humans are lacking. The current case-controlled cohort study aimed to characterize the fecal and soil microbiota of gardening families (n = 10) and non-gardening (control) families (n = 9). Families included two adults and one child (5-18 years) for a total of 56 participants. All participants provided a fecal sample, soil sample, and diet history questionnaires before the gardening season (April) and during the peak of the gardening season (August). Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015) scores and nutrient analysis were performed. Fecal and soil DNA were extracted and amplified. Sequence data were then processed and analyzed. Peak season gardening families tended to have greater fecal operational features, a greater Faith's Phylogenetic Diversity score, greater fiber intake, and higher abundances of fiber fermenting bacteria than peak control families. Soil endemic microbes were also shared with gardening participant's fecal samples. This study revealed that the fecal microbiota of gardening families differs from non-gardening families, and that there are detectable changes in the fecal microbial community of gardeners and their family members over the course of the gardening season. Additional research is necessary to determine if changes induced by gardening on the gut microbiota contribute to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina D Brown
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Leila M Shinn
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Ginger Reeser
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Matthew Browning
- Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Andiara Schwingel
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Naiman A Khan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Family Resiliency Center, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Hannah D Holscher
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Family Resiliency Center, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
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Shi M, Watson E, Conlon M, Sanguansri L, Augustin MA. Impact of Co-Delivery of EGCG and Tuna Oil within a Broccoli Matrix on Human Gut Microbiota, Phenolic Metabolites and Short Chain Fatty Acids In Vitro. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030656. [PMID: 35163921 PMCID: PMC8839344 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and tuna oil (TO) are beneficial bioactive compounds. EGCG, TO or a combination of, delivered by broccoli by-products (BBP), were added to an in vitro anaerobic fermentation system containing human fecal inocula to examine their ability to generate short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), metabolize EGCG and change the gut microbiota population (assessed by 16 S gene sequencing). Following 24 h fermentation, EGCG was hydrolyzed to (-)-epigallocatechin and gallic acid. EGCG significantly inhibited the production of SCFA (p < 0.05). Total SCFA in facal slurries with BBP or TO-BBP (48–49 µmol/mL) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the negative control with cellulose (21 µmol/mL). EGCG-BBP and TO-EGCG-BBP treatment increased the relative abundance of Gluconacetobacter, Klebsiella and Trabulsiella. BBP and TO-BBP showed the greatest potential for improving gut health with the growth promotion of high butyrate producers, including Collinsella aerofaciens, Bacillus coagulans and Lactobacillus reuteri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Shi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia; (L.S.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Emma Watson
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Kintore Ave., Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Michael Conlon
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Kintore Ave., Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Luz Sanguansri
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia; (L.S.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Mary Ann Augustin
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia; (L.S.); (M.A.A.)
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Melim C, Lauro MR, Pires IM, Oliveira PJ, Cabral C. The Role of Glucosinolates from Cruciferous Vegetables (Brassicaceae) in Gastrointestinal Cancers: From Prevention to Therapeutics. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010190. [PMID: 35057085 PMCID: PMC8777706 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is composed of rapidly renewing cells, which increase the likelihood of cancer. Colorectal cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed GI cancers and currently stands in second place regarding cancer-related mortality. Unfortunately, the treatment of GI is limited, and few developments have occurred in the field over the years. With this in mind, new therapeutic strategies involving biologically active phytocompounds are being evaluated as anti-cancer agents. Vegetables such as broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, and radish, all belonging to the Brassicaceae family, are high in dietary fibre, minerals, vitamins, carotenoids, polyphenols, and glucosinolates. The latter compound is a secondary metabolite characteristic of this family and, when biologically active, has demonstrated anti-cancer properties. This article reviews the literature regarding the potential of Cruciferous vegetables in the prevention and/or treatment of GI cancers and the relevance of appropriate compound formulations for improving the stability and bioaccessibility of the major Cruciferous compounds, with a particular focus on glucosinolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Melim
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinic Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Maria R. Lauro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy;
| | - Isabel M. Pires
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK;
| | - Paulo J. Oliveira
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Célia Cabral
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinic Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Center for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-239-480-066
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Gut microbiota and metabolic changes towards improved gut health with supplementation of Woodfordia fruticosa, a medicinal plant: An in vitro study. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2021.102896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Bouranis JA, Beaver LM, Ho E. Metabolic Fate of Dietary Glucosinolates and Their Metabolites: A Role for the Microbiome. Front Nutr 2021; 8:748433. [PMID: 34631775 PMCID: PMC8492924 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.748433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Robust evidence shows that phytochemicals from cruciferous vegetables, like broccoli, are associated with numerous health benefits. The anti-cancer properties of these foods are attributed to bioactive isothiocyanates (ITCs) and indoles, phytochemicals generated from biological precursor compounds called glucosinolates. ITCs, and particularly sulforaphane (SFN), are of intense interest as they block the initiation, and suppress the progression of cancer, through genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. The efficacy of these compounds is well-demonstrated in cell culture and animal models, however, high levels of inter-individual variation in absorption and excretion of ITCs is a significant barrier to the use of dietary glucosinolates to prevent and treat disease. The source of inter-individual ITC variation has yet to be fully elucidated and the gut microbiome may play a key role. This review highlights evidence that the gut microbiome influences the metabolic fate and activity of ITCs. Human feeding trials have shown inter-individual variations in gut microbiome composition coincides with variations in ITC absorption and excretion, and some bacteria produce ITCs from glucosinolates. Additionally, consumption of cruciferous vegetables can alter the composition of the gut microbiome and shift the physiochemical environment of the gut lumen, influencing the production of phytochemicals. Microbiome and diet induced changes to ITC metabolism may lead to the decrease of cancer fighting phytochemicals such as SFN and increase the production of biologically inert ones like SFN-nitrile. We conclude by offering perspective on the use of novel “omics” technologies to elucidate the interplay of the gut microbiome and ITC formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Bouranis
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Laura M Beaver
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Emily Ho
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
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Das G, Heredia JB, de Lourdes Pereira M, Coy-Barrera E, Rodrigues Oliveira SM, Gutiérrez-Grijalva EP, Cabanillas-Bojórquez LA, Shin HS, Patra JK. Korean traditional foods as antiviral and respiratory disease prevention and treatments: A detailed review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021; 116:415-433. [PMID: 34345117 PMCID: PMC8321624 DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Korean traditional food (KTF), originated from ancestral agriculture and the nomadic traditions of the Korean peninsula and southern Manchuria, is based on healthy food that balances disease prevention and treatment. Fermented foods that include grains, herbs, fruits, and mushrooms are also an important practice in KTF, providing high levels of Lactobacilli, which confer relevant health benefits, including antiviral properties. Some of these probiotics may also protect against the Influenza virus through the modulation of innate immunity. SCOPE AND APPROACH The emerging of the COVID-19 pandemic, in addition to other diseases of viral origin, and the problems associated with other respiratory disorders, highlight how essential is a healthy eating pattern to strengthen our immune system.Key Findings and Conclusions: The present review covers the information available on edible plants, herbs, mushrooms, and preparations used in KTF to outline their multiple medicinal effects (e.g., antidiabetic, chemopreventive, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial), emphasizing their role and effects on the immune system with an emphasis on modulating properties of the gut microbiota that further support strong respiratory immunity. Potential functional foods commonly used in Korean cuisine such as Kimchi (a mixture of fermented vegetables), Meju, Doenjang, Jeotgal, and Mekgeolli and fermented sauces, among others, are highlighted for their great potential to improve gut-lung immunity. The traditional Korean diet and dietary mechanisms that may target viruses ACE-2 receptors or affect any step of a virus infection pathway that can determine a patient's prognosis are also highlighted. The regular oral intake of bioactive ingredients used in Korean foods can offer protection for some viral diseases, through protective and immunomodulatory effects, as evidenced in pre-clinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitishree Das
- Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, South Korea
| | - J Basilio Heredia
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera a Eldorado Km. 5.5, Col. Campo El Diez, CP. 80110, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Maria de Lourdes Pereira
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ericsson Coy-Barrera
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Campus Nueva Granada, 250247, Cajicá, Colombia
| | - Sonia Marlene Rodrigues Oliveira
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- HMRI and Hunter Cancer Research Alliance Centres, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Erick Paul Gutiérrez-Grijalva
- Catedras CONACYT-Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera a Eldorado Km. 5.5, Col. Campo El Diez, CP. 80110 Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Luis Angel Cabanillas-Bojórquez
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera a Eldorado Km. 5.5, Col. Campo El Diez, CP. 80110, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Han-Seung Shin
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, South Korea
| | - Jayanta Kumar Patra
- Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, South Korea
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Shock T, Badang L, Ferguson B, Martinez-Guryn K. The interplay between diet, gut microbes, and host epigenetics in health and disease. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 95:108631. [PMID: 33789148 PMCID: PMC8355029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms linking the function of microbes to host health are becoming better defined but are not yet fully understood. One recently explored mechanism involves microbe-mediated alterations in the host epigenome. Consumption of specific dietary components such as fiber, glucosinolates, polyphenols, and dietary fat has a significant impact on gut microbiota composition and function. Microbial metabolism of these dietary components regulates important epigenetic functions that ultimately influences host health. Diet-mediated alterations in the gut microbiome regulate the substrates available for epigenetic modifications like DNA methylation or histone methylation and/or acetylation. In addition, generation of microbial metabolites such as butyrate inhibits the activity of core epigenetic enzymes like histone deacetylases (HDACs). Reciprocally, the host epigenome also influences gut microbial composition. Thus, complex interactions exist between these three factors. This review comprehensively examines the interplay between diet, gut microbes, and host epigenetics in modulating host health. Specifically, the dietary impact on gut microbiota structure and function that in-turn regulates host epigenetics is evaluated in terms of promoting protection from disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tori Shock
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Luis Badang
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Bradley Ferguson
- Department of Nutrition, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV, USA; Center of Biomedical Research Excellence for Molecular and Cellular Signal Transduction in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV, USA
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Composition of the Gut Microbiome Influences Production of Sulforaphane-Nitrile and Iberin-Nitrile from Glucosinolates in Broccoli Sprouts. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093013. [PMID: 34578891 PMCID: PMC8468500 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Isothiocyanates, such as sulforaphane and iberin, derived from glucosinolates (GLS) in cruciferous vegetables, are known to prevent and suppress cancer development. GLS can also be converted by bacteria to biologically inert nitriles, such as sulforaphane-nitrile (SFN-NIT) and iberin-nitrile (IBN-NIT), but the role of the gut microbiome in this process is relatively undescribed and SFN-NIT excretion in humans is unknown. An ex vivo fecal incubation model with in vitro digested broccoli sprouts and 16S sequencing was utilized to explore the role of the gut microbiome in SFN- and IBN-NIT production. SFN-NIT excretion was measured among human subjects following broccoli sprout consumption. The fecal culture model showed high inter-individual variability in nitrile production and identified two sub-populations of microbial communities among the fecal cultures, which coincided with a differing abundance of nitriles. The Clostridiaceae family was associated with high levels, while individuals with a low abundance of nitriles were more enriched with taxa from the Enterobacteriaceae family. High levels of inter-individual variation in urine SFN-NIT levels were also observed, with peak excretion of SFN-NIT at 24 h post broccoli sprout consumption. These results suggest that nitrile production from broccoli, as opposed to isothiocyanates, could be influenced by gut microbiome composition, potentially lowering efficacy of cruciferous vegetable interventions.
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Beam A, Clinger E, Hao L. Effect of Diet and Dietary Components on the Composition of the Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2021; 13:2795. [PMID: 34444955 PMCID: PMC8398149 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet and dietary components have profound effects on the composition of the gut microbiota and are among the most important contributors to the alteration in bacterial flora. This review examines the effects the "Western", "plant-based", "high-fat", "medical ketogenic", and "Mediterranean" diets have on the composition of the gut microbiota in both mice and human subjects. We show that specific dietary components that are commonly found in the "plant-based" and "Mediterranean" diet play a role in shifting the microbial composition. This review further evaluates the bacterial metabolites that are associated with diet, and their role in systemic inflammation and metabolic endotoxemia. Furthermore, the associations between diet/dietary components and altering bacterial composition, may lead to potential therapeutic targets for type II diabetes, obesity, and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Beam
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA 15705, USA; (A.B.); (E.C.)
| | - Elizabeth Clinger
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA 15705, USA; (A.B.); (E.C.)
- Nutrition with Elizabeth, LLC, Brookville, PA 15825, USA
| | - Lei Hao
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA 15705, USA; (A.B.); (E.C.)
- Department of Nursing and Allied Health Professions, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA 15705, USA
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46
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The Metabolism of Glucosinolates by Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082750. [PMID: 34444909 PMCID: PMC8401010 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GLS) and their derivatives are secondary plant metabolites abundant in Brassicaceae. Due to the enzymatic reaction between GLS and myrosinase enzyme, characteristic compounds with a pungent taste are formed, used by plants to defend themselves against insect herbivores. These GLS derivatives have an important impact on human health, including anti-inflammation and anti-cancer effects. However, GLS derivatives' formation needs previous enzymatic reactions catalyzed by myrosinase enzyme. Many of the brassica-based foods are processed at a high temperature that inactivates enzymes, hindering its bioavailability. In the last decade, several studies showed that the human gut microbiome can provide myrosinase activity that potentially can raise the beneficial effects of consumption of vegetables rich in GLS. The variability of the human gut microbiome (HGM) in human populations and the diverse intake of GLS through the diet may lead to greater variability of the real dose of pro-healthy compounds absorbed by the human body. The exploitation of the genetic and biochemical potential of HGM and correct ecological studies of both isolated strains and mixed population are of great interest. This review focuses on the most recent advances in this field.
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Berding K, Vlckova K, Marx W, Schellekens H, Stanton C, Clarke G, Jacka F, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Diet and the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Sowing the Seeds of Good Mental Health. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:1239-1285. [PMID: 33693453 PMCID: PMC8321864 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the gut microbiota has emerged as a key component in regulating brain processes and behavior. Diet is one of the major factors involved in shaping the gut microbiota composition across the lifespan. However, whether and how diet can affect the brain via its effects on the microbiota is only now beginning to receive attention. Several mechanisms for gut-to-brain communication have been identified, including microbial metabolites, immune, neuronal, and metabolic pathways, some of which could be prone to dietary modulation. Animal studies investigating the potential of nutritional interventions on the microbiota-gut-brain axis have led to advancements in our understanding of the role of diet in this bidirectional communication. In this review, we summarize the current state of the literature triangulating diet, microbiota, and host behavior/brain processes and discuss potential underlying mechanisms. Additionally, determinants of the responsiveness to a dietary intervention and evidence for the microbiota as an underlying modulator of the effect of diet on brain health are outlined. In particular, we emphasize the understudied use of whole-dietary approaches in this endeavor and the need for greater evidence from clinical populations. While promising results are reported, additional data, specifically from clinical cohorts, are required to provide evidence-based recommendations for the development of microbiota-targeted, whole-dietary strategies to improve brain and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wolfgang Marx
- Deakin University, iMPACT – the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC,Australia
| | - Harriet Schellekens
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Felice Jacka
- Deakin University, iMPACT – the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC,Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Black Dog Institute, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Zandani G, Anavi-Cohen S, Tsybina-Shimshilashvili N, Sela N, Nyska A, Madar Z. Broccoli Florets Supplementation Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Alters Gut Microbiome Population-A Steatosis Mice Model Induced by High-Fat Diet. Front Nutr 2021; 8:680241. [PMID: 34395490 PMCID: PMC8355420 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.680241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is linked to obesity, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and gut dysbiosis. Gut microbiota profoundly affects the host energy homeostasis, which, in turn, is affected by a high-fat diet (HFD) through the liver-gut axis, among others. Broccoli contains beneficial bioactive compounds and may protect against several diseases. This study aimed to determine the effects of broccoli supplementation to an HFD on metabolic parameters and gut microbiome in mice. Male (7–8 weeks old) C57BL/J6 mice were divided into four groups: normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), high-fat diet+10% broccoli florets (HFD + F), and high-fat diet + 10% broccoli stalks (HFD + S). Liver histology and serum biochemical factors were evaluated. Alterations in protein and gene expression of the key players in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism as well as in gut microbiota alterations were also investigated. Broccoli florets addition to the HFD significantly reduced serum insulin levels, HOMA-IR index, and upregulated adiponectin receptor expression. Conversely, no significant difference was found in the group supplemented with broccoli stalks. Both broccoli stalks and florets did not affect fat accumulation, carbohydrate, or lipid metabolism-related parameters. Modifications in diversity and in microbial structure of proteobacteria strains, Akermansia muciniphila and Mucispirillum schaedleri were observed in the broccoli-supplemented HFD-fed mice. The present study suggests that dietary broccoli alters parameters related to insulin sensitivity and modulates the intestinal environment. More studies are needed to confirm the results of this study and to investigate the mechanisms underlying these beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Zandani
- The Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | | | - Noa Sela
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Abraham Nyska
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Zecharia Madar
- The Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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Rose P, Moore PK, Whiteman M, Kirk C, Zhu YZ. Diet and Hydrogen Sulfide Production in Mammals. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:1378-1393. [PMID: 33372834 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Significance: In recent times, it has emerged that some dietary sulfur compounds can act on mammalian cell signaling systems via their propensity to release hydrogen sulfide (H2S). H2S plays important biochemical and physiological roles in the heart, gastrointestinal tract, brain, kidney, and immune systems of mammals. Reduced levels of H2S in cells and tissues correlate with a spectrum of pathophysiological conditions, including heart disease, diabetes, obesity, and altered immune function. Recent Advances: In the last decade, researchers have now begun to explore the mechanisms by which dietary-derived sulfur compounds, in addition to cysteine, can act as sources of H2S. This research has led to the identified several compounds, organic sulfides, isothiocyanates, and inorganic sulfur species including sulfate that can act as potential sources of H2S in mammalian cells and tissues. Critical Issues: We have summarised progress made in the identification of dietary factors that can impact on endogenous H2S levels in mammals. We also describe current research focused on how some sulfur molecules present in dietary plants, and associated chemical analogues, act as sources of H2S, and discuss the biological properties of these molecules as studied in a range of in vitro and in vivo systems. Future Directions: The identification of sulfur compounds in edible plants that can act as novel H2S releasing molecules is intriguing. Research in this area could inform future studies exploring the impact of diet on H2S levels in mammalian systems. Despite recent progress, additional work is needed to determine the mechanisms by which H2S is released from these molecules following ingestions of dietary plants in humans, whether the amounts of H2S produced is of physiological significance following the metabolism of these compounds in vivo, and if diet could be used to manipulated H2S levels in humans. Importantly, this will lead to a better understanding of the biological significance of H2S generated from dietary sources, and this information could be used in the development of plant breeding initiatives to increase the levels of H2S releasing sulfur compounds in crops, or inform dietary intervention strategies that could be used to alter the levels of H2S in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Rose
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Philip Keith Moore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Matthew Whiteman
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Kirk
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Yi-Zhun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
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El-Sayed A, Aleya L, Kamel M. The link among microbiota, epigenetics, and disease development. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:28926-28964. [PMID: 33860421 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13862-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The microbiome is a community of various microorganisms that inhabit or live on the skin of humans/animals, sharing the body space with their hosts. It is a sort of complex ecosystem of trillions of commensals, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganisms, including trillions of bacteria, archaea, protozoa, fungi, and viruses. The microbiota plays a role in the health and disease status of the host. Their number, species dominance, and viability are dynamic. Their long-term disturbance is usually accompanied by serious diseases such as metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, or even cancer. While epigenetics is a term that refers to different stimuli that induce modifications in gene expression patterns without structural changes in the inherited DNA sequence, these changes can be reversible or even persist for several generations. Epigenetics can be described as cell memory that stores experience against internal and external factors. Results from multiple institutions have contributed to the role and close interaction of both microbiota and epigenetics in disease induction. Understanding the mechanisms of both players enables a better understanding of disease induction and development and also opens the horizon to revolutionary therapeutic approaches. The present review illustrates the roles of diet, microbiome, and epigenetics in the induction of several chronic diseases. In addition, it discusses the application of epigenetic data to develop diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutics and evaluate their safety for patients. Understanding the interaction among all these elements enables the development of innovative preventive/therapeutic approaches for disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr El-Sayed
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, F-25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Mohamed Kamel
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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