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Reyes-Ávila A, Romero-González R, Garrido Frenich A. Degradation study of the trans-cinnamaldehyde and limonene biopesticides and their metabolites in cucumber by GC and UHPLC-HRMS: Laboratory and greenhouse studies. Food Chem 2024; 442:138443. [PMID: 38241992 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Degradation of trans-cinnamaldehyde and limonene in cucumber was evaluated under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Two commercial biopesticides, one based on cinnamon extract and other from orange oil, were utilized. Compound degradation was monitored using gas chromatography (GC) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to a quadrupole-high-resolution mass analyzer (Q-Orbitrap). In both studies, trans-cinnamaldehyde followed a second-order degradation kinetics, whereas limonene followed a first-order kinetics. The half-life values (DT50 or t1/2) for trans-cinnamaldehyde ranged from 2.02 to 2.49 h, while for limonene this value ranged from 0.49 to 6.17 h. Non-targeted analysis (suspect and unknown modes) allowed for the detection of trans-cinnamaldehyde and limonene metabolites. Benzyl alcohol, cinnamyl alcohol, cinnamic acid, p-tolylacetic acid and 4-hydoxycinnamic acid were tentatively identified as trans-cinnamaldehyde metabolites. While three limonene metabolites, carvone, limonene-1,2-epoxide, and perillyl alcohol, were tentatively identified. Greenhouse studies have not revealed any metabolites of these compounds because the parent compounds degrade more quickly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Reyes-Ávila
- Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agrifood Biotechnology (CIAMBITAL), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - Roberto Romero-González
- Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agrifood Biotechnology (CIAMBITAL), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - Antonia Garrido Frenich
- Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agrifood Biotechnology (CIAMBITAL), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain.
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2
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Cox A, Brown KC, Bender C, Valentovic MA. The e-liquid flavoring cinnamaldehyde induces cellular stress responses in human proximal tubule (HK-2) kidney cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116666. [PMID: 38677246 PMCID: PMC11293278 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Flavored e-liquid use has become popular among e-cigarette users recently, but the effects of such products outside the lung are not well characterized. In this work, acute exposure to the popular flavoring cinnamaldehyde (CIN) was performed on human proximal tubule (HK-2) kidney cells. Cells were exposed to 0-100 µM CIN for 24-48 h and cellular stress responses were assessed. Mitochondrial viability via MTT assay was significantly decreased at 20 µM for 24 and 48 h exposure. Seahorse XFp analysis showed significantly decreased mitochondrial energy output at 20 µM by 24 h exposure, in addition to significantly reduced ATP Synthase expression. Seahorse analysis also revealed significantly decreased glycolytic function at 20 µM by 24 h exposure, suggesting inability of glycolytic processes to compensate for reduced mitochondrial energy output. Cleaved caspase-3 expression, a mediator of apoptosis, was significantly increased at the 24 h mark. C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) expression, a mediator of ER-induced apoptosis, was induced by 48 h and subsequently lost at the highest concentration of 100 µM. This decrease was accompanied by a simultaneous decrease in its downstream target cleaved caspase-3 at the 48 h mark. The autophagy marker microtubule-associated protein 1 A/1B light chain 3 (LC3B-I and LC3B-II) expression was significantly increased at 100 µM by 24 h. Autophagy-related 7 (ATG7) protein and mitophagy-related proteins PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) and PARKIN expression were significantly reduced at 24 and 48 h exposure. These results indicate acute exposure to CIN in the kidney HK-2 model induces mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Cox
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Toxicology Research Cluster, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV 25701, United States
| | - Kathleen C Brown
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Toxicology Research Cluster, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV 25701, United States
| | - Christopher Bender
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Toxicology Research Cluster, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV 25701, United States
| | - Monica A Valentovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Toxicology Research Cluster, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV 25701, United States.
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Meng Y, Cai Y, Cui M, Xu Y, Wu L, Li X, Chu X. Solid self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (S-SMEDDS) prepared by spray drying to improve the oral bioavailability of cinnamaldehyde (CA). Pharm Dev Technol 2024; 29:112-122. [PMID: 38308442 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2024.2312851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to prepare a solid self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (S-SMEDDS) of cinnamaldehyde (CA) by spray drying technique to improve the oral bioavailability of CA. The preparation of CA S-SMEDDS with maltodextrin as the solid carrier, a core-wall material mass ratio of 1:1, a solid content of 20% (w/v), an inlet air temperature of 150 °C, an injection speed of 5.2 mL/min, and an atomization pressure of 0.1 MPa was determined by using the encapsulation rate as the index of investigation. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed the possibility of CA being encapsulated in S-SMEDDS in an amorphous form. The in-vitro release showed that the total amount of CA released by S-SMEDDS was approximately 1.3 times higher than that of the CA suspension. Pharmacokinetic results showed that the relative oral bioavailability of CA S-SMEDDS was also increased to 1.6-fold compared to CA suspension. Additionally, we explored the mechanism of CA uptake and transport of lipid-soluble drugs CA by S-SMEDDS in a Caco-2/HT29 cell co-culture system for the first time. The results showed that CA S-SMEDDS uptake on the co-culture model was mainly an energy-dependent endocytosis mechanism, including lattice protein-mediated endocytosis and vesicle-mediated endocytosis. Transport experiments showed that CA S-SMEDDS significantly increased the permeability of CA in this model. These findings suggested that CA S-SMEDDS is an effective oral solid dosage form for increasing the oral bioavailability of lipid-soluble drug CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, PR China
| | - Ye Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, PR China
| | - Mengyao Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, PR China
| | - Yuhang Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, PR China
| | - Long Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- Anhui Province Institute for Food and Drug Control, National Medical Products, Hefei, PR China
- Administration Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Traditional, Hefei, PR China
| | - Xiaoqin Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, PR China
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, PR China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, PR China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Modern Pharmaceutical Preparation, Hefei, PR China
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Kuru Bektaşoğlu P, Arıkök AT, Ergüder Bİ, Sargon MF, Altun SA, Ünlüler C, Börekci A, Kertmen H, Çelikoğlu E, Gürer B. Cinnamaldehyde has ameliorative effects on rabbit spinal cord ischemia and reperfusion injury. World Neurosurg X 2024; 21:100254. [PMID: 38148767 PMCID: PMC10750183 DOI: 10.1016/j.wnsx.2023.100254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Kuru Bektaşoğlu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ata Türker Arıkök
- Department of Pathology, University of Health Sciences, Dışkapı Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berrin İmge Ergüder
- Department of Biochemistry, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Fevzi Sargon
- Department of Anatomy, Lokman Hekim University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seda Akyıldız Altun
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Dışkapı Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Caner Ünlüler
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Dışkapı Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Börekci
- Istinye University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hayri Kertmen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Dışkapı Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erhan Çelikoğlu
- Istinye University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bora Gürer
- Istinye University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey
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Khaafi M, Tayarani-Najaran Z, Javadi B. Cinnamaldehyde as a Promising Dietary Phytochemical Against Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:355-369. [PMID: 37489782 DOI: 10.2174/1389557523666230725113446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (METS) is a set of unhealthy medical conditions considered essential health problems today. Cinnamaldehyde (CA) is the major phytochemical present in the essential oil of cinnamon and possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, and antihyperlipidemic activities. AIM We aim to systematically review the effects of CA in preventing and attenuating METS components. Moreover, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of actions of CA, its pharmacokinetics features, and potential structure-activity relationship (SAR) were also surveyed. METHODS PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched to retrieve the relevant papers. RESULTS CA possesses various anti-METS activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antidyslipidemia, antiobesity, and antihypertensive properties. Various molecular mechanisms such as stimulating pancreatic insulin release, exerting an insulinotropic effect, lowering lipid peroxidation as well as pancreatic islet oxidant and inflammatory toxicity, increasing the activities of pancreatic antioxidant enzymes, suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines production, regulating the molecular signaling pathways of the PPAR-γ and AMPK in preadipocytes and preventing adipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis are involved in these activities. CONCLUSIONS CA would effectively hinder METS; however, no robust clinical data supporting these effects in humans is currently available. Accordingly, conducting clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy, safe dosage, pharmacokinetics characteristics, and possible unwanted effects of CA in humans would be of great importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohaddeseh Khaafi
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Tayarani-Najaran
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Behjat Javadi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Azadi Square, Pardis University Campus, P.O. Box: 9188617871, Mashhad, Iran
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Lan H, Zheng Q, Wang K, Li C, Xiong T, Shi J, Dong N. Cinnamaldehyde protects donor heart from cold ischemia-reperfusion injury via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:114867. [PMID: 37385214 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
With the growing shortage of organs, improvements in donor organ protection are needed to meet the increasing demands for transplantation. Here, the aim was to investigate the protective effect of cinnamaldehyde against ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in donor hearts exposed to prolonged cold ischemia. Donor hearts were harvested from rats pretreated with or without cinnamaldehyde, then subjected to 24 h of cold preservation and 1 h of ex vivo perfusion. Hemodynamic changes, myocardial inflammation, oxidative stress, and myocardial apoptosis were evaluated. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway involved in the cardioprotective effects of cinnamaldehyde was explored through RNA sequencing and western blot analysis. Intriguingly, cinnamaldehyde pretreatment remarkably improved cardiac function through increasing coronary flow, left ventricular systolic pressure, +dp/dtmax, and -dp/dtmax, decreasing coronary vascular resistance and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. Moreover, our findings indicated that cinnamaldehyde pretreatment protected the heart from IRI by alleviating myocardial inflammation, attenuating oxidative stress, and reducing myocardial apoptosis. Further studies showed that the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was activated after cinnamaldehyde treatment during IRI. The protective effects of cinnamaldehyde were abolished by LY294002. In conclusion, cinnamaldehyde pretreatment alleviated IRI in donor hearts suffering from prolonged cold ischemia. Cinnamaldehyde exerted cardioprotective effects through the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwen Lan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kan Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenghao Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tixiusi Xiong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiawei Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Nianguo Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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7
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Rassu G, Sorrenti M, Catenacci L, Pavan B, Ferraro L, Gavini E, Bonferoni MC, Giunchedi P, Dalpiaz A. Conjugation, Prodrug, and Co-Administration Strategies in Support of Nanotechnologies to Improve the Therapeutic Efficacy of Phytochemicals in the Central Nervous System. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1578. [PMID: 37376027 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals, produced as secondary plant metabolites, have shown interesting potential therapeutic activities against neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Unfortunately, poor bioavailability and rapid metabolic processes compromise their therapeutic use, and several strategies are currently proposed for overcoming these issues. The present review summarises strategies for enhancing the central nervous system's phytochemical efficacy. Particular attention has been paid to the use of phytochemicals in combination with other drugs (co-administrations) or administration of phytochemicals as prodrugs or conjugates, particularly when these approaches are supported by nanotechnologies exploiting conjugation strategies with appropriate targeting molecules. These aspects are described for polyphenols and essential oil components, which can improve their loading as prodrugs in nanocarriers, or be part of nanocarriers designed for targeted co-delivery to achieve synergistic anti-glioma or anti-neurodegenerative effects. The use of in vitro models, able to simulate the blood-brain barrier, neurodegeneration or glioma, and useful for optimizing innovative formulations before their in vivo administration via intravenous, oral, or nasal routes, is also summarised. Among the described compounds, quercetin, curcumin, resveratrol, ferulic acid, geraniol, and cinnamaldehyde can be efficaciously formulated to attain brain-targeting characteristics, and may therefore be therapeutically useful against glioma or neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Rassu
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23a, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Milena Sorrenti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Catenacci
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Barbara Pavan
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation-Section of Physiology, University of Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luca Ferraro
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23a, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Giunchedi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23a, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Dalpiaz
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 19, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Pharmacokinetic and Permeation Studies in Rat Brain of Natural Compounds Led to Investigate Eugenol as Direct Activator of Dopamine Release in PC12 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021800. [PMID: 36675321 PMCID: PMC9862186 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Eugenol, cinnamaldehyde and D-limonene, the main components of natural essential oils, are endowed with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties which allow them to induce beneficial effects on intestinal, cardiac and neuronal levels. In order to characterize their pharmacokinetic profiles and aptitude to permeate in the central nervous system after intravenous and oral administration to rats, new analytical procedures, easily achievable with HPLC-UV techniques, were developed. The terminal half-lives of these compounds range from 12.4 ± 0.9 (D-limonene) and 23.1 ± 1.6 min (cinnamaldehyde); their oral bioavailability appears relatively poor, ranging from 4.25 ± 0.11% (eugenol) to 7.33 ± 0.37% (cinnamaldehyde). Eugenol evidences a marked aptitude to permeate in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of rats following both intravenous and oral administrations, whereas cinnamaldehyde appears able to reach the CSF only after intravenous administration; limonene is totally unable to permeate in the CSF. Eugenol was therefore recruited for in vitro studies of viability and time-/dose-dependent dopamine release in neuronal differentiated PC12 cells (a recognized cellular model mimicking dopaminergic neurons), evidencing its ability to increase cell viability and to induce dopamine release according to a U-shaped time-course curve. Moreover, concentration-response data suggest that eugenol may induce beneficial effects against Parkinson's disease after oral administration.
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Lu L, Xiong Y, Zhou J, Wang G, Mi B, Liu G. The Therapeutic Roles of Cinnamaldehyde against Cardiovascular Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9177108. [PMID: 36254234 PMCID: PMC9569207 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9177108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Evidence from epidemiological studies has demonstrated that the incidence and mortality of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) increase year by year, which pose a great threat on social economy and human health worldwide. Due to limited therapeutic benefits and associated adverse effects of current medications, there is an urgent need to uncover novel agents with favorable safety and efficacy. Cinnamaldehyde (CA) is a bioactive phytochemical isolated from the stem bark of Chinese herbal medicine Cinnamon and has been suggested to possess curative roles against the development of CVDs. This integrated review intends to summarize the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic features of CA and discuss the recent advances in underlying mechanisms and potential targets responsible for anti-CVD properties of CA. The CA-related cardiovascular protective mechanisms could be attributed to the inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress, improvement of lipid and glucose metabolism, regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis, suppression of cardiac fibrosis, and platelet aggregation and promotion of vasodilation and angiogenesis. Furthermore, CA is likely to inhibit CVD progression via affecting other possible processes including autophagy and ER stress regulation, gut microbiota and immune homeostasis, ion metabolism, ncRNA expression, and TRPA1 activation. Collectively, experiments reported previously highlight the therapeutic effects of CA and clinical trials are advocated to offer scientific basis for the compound future applied in clinical practice for CVD prophylaxis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yuan Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Guangji Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, China
| | - Bobin Mi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Guohui Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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Xiao Y, Zhang F, Xu H, Yang C, Song X, Zhou Y, Zhou X, Liu X, Miao J. Cinnamaldehyde microcapsules enhance bioavailability and regulate intestinal flora in mice. Food Chem X 2022; 15:100441. [PMID: 36132744 PMCID: PMC9483564 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Dong B, Chen J, Cai Y, Wu W, Chu X. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of cinnamaldehyde Microemulsion-Mucus interaction. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14307. [PMID: 35780300 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The current investigation explores the possible mechanism of the microemulsion drug delivery system to improve the oral bioavailability of cinnamaldehyde (CA), an important food spice, from the perspective of the microemulsion-mucus system. The cinnamaldehyde microemulsion (CA-ME) was prepared by the water titration method combined with the pseudo-ternary phase diagram. The dynamic analysis was applied to detect the drug release in vitro. An intestinal mucosal injury test was conducted to evaluate the safety of CA-ME and drug absorption across the intestinal tract of rats was investigated through an Ussing chamber system. The rheology of blank mucus and drug-loaded mucus was investigated using a rheometer. The bioavailability of CA-ME in rats was evaluated through pharmacokinetic characteristics. The ratio of optimal prescription was Tween 80: 1,2-propanediol: vitamin E oil: CA: water = 24.3:4.8:5:7.5:58.4. The droplets were uniform in size and evenly dispersed. Rheological studies showed that the microemulsion-mucus system all exhibit pseudoplastic fluid behavior, and CA-ME increased the viscosity of the mucus to a certain extent. Compared with CA solution, CA-ME promoted the absorption of CA in various intestinal segments, especially the ileum. Pharmacokinetic experiments showed that the relative bioavailability of CA-ME was enhanced 2.5-fold higher than that of CA solution. ME as a carrier for lipophobic substances, may increase the viscosity of the intestine mucus system to obtain longer residue time and better absorption. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In this study, in vitro absorption Ussing model was combined with rheological and pharmacokinetic analysis to systematically analyze the intestinal mucus mechanism of microemulsion to improve the oral bioavailability of cinnamic aldehyde. It laid the foundation for exploring the absorption and transport of drugs in the intestinal mucus barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoqi Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jingbao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ye Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Wenqing Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoqin Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, Anhui, China
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12
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Cai Y, Liu L, Xia M, Tian C, Wu W, Dong B, Chu X. SEDDS facilitate cinnamaldehyde crossing the mucus barrier: The perspective of mucus and Caco-2/HT29 co-culture models. Int J Pharm 2022; 614:121461. [PMID: 35026310 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) have potential applications in the delivery of hydrophobic components. Oral drugs are readily captured and cleared by intestinal mucus, a natural barrier that covers the mucosal epithelium and prevents the entry of foreign substances. In this study, we investigated for the first time the ability of SEDDS to deliver the lipophilic aldehyde cinnamaldehyde (CA-SEDDS) in rat mucus, mucin solution, Caco-2 and Caco-2/HT29 co-culture monolayer systems. CA-SEDDS was characterized by particle size, Zeta potential and the logDSEDDS/release medium. The capacity of CA-SEDDS to enhance mucus permeability was investigated in rat intestinal mucus gel and mucin solution with the period of in 12 h by Transwell® diffusion. We evaluated the potential of CA-SEDDS delivery of CA in a co-culture system of absorptive Caco-2 and mucus-secreting HT29 cells. CA-SEDDS exhibited excellent mucus permeability in mucus and mucin solutions, 5.1- and 2.8-fold higher than the free CA group, respectively. CA-SEDDS penetration increased by 2.5-fold compared with free CA when using the mucus-secreting co-culture cell model as a barrier. The relative oral bioavailability of CA-SEDDS was 242% compared to CA without formulation. These findings suggest that SEDDS exhibited good release and superior mucus permeability, displaying great potential for the future of hydrophobic oral applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, China
| | - Liu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, China
| | - Mengqiu Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, China
| | - Chunling Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, China
| | - Wenqing Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, China
| | - Baoqi Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, China
| | - Xiaoqin Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Modern Pharmaceutical Preparation, Anhui Province, China.
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13
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Stevens N, Allred K. Antidiabetic Potential of Volatile Cinnamon Oil: A Review and Exploration of Mechanisms Using In Silico Molecular Docking Simulations. Molecules 2022; 27:853. [PMID: 35164117 PMCID: PMC8840343 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cinnamon has been used as a flavoring and medicinal agent for centuries. Much research has focused on cinnamon bark powder, which contains antioxidants, flavonoids, carotenoids, vitamins, minerals, fiber, and small amounts of essential oil. However, isolated and concentrated cinnamon essential oil may also have important medicinal qualities, particularly in antidiabetic therapy. Some of the most common essential oil constituents identified in the literature include cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, and beta-caryophyllene. Due to their high concentration in cinnamon essential oil, these constituents are hypothesized to have the most significant physiological activity. Here, we present a brief review of literature on cinnamon oil and its constituents as they relate to glucose metabolism and diabetic pathogenesis. We also present molecular docking simulations of these cinnamon essential oil constituents (cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, beta-caryophyllene) that suggest interaction with several key enzymes in glucometabolic pathways.
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14
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Gulec Peker EG, Kaltalioglu K. Cinnamaldehyde and eugenol protect against LPS-stimulated oxidative stress and inflammation in Raw 264.7 cells. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13980. [PMID: 34676584 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are leukocytes that play a strategic role in immune response and can be associated with various diseases due to their effects on the inflammation process and oxidative events. The current study was evaluated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of cinnamaldehyde and eugenol, which are phyto-compounds with numerous bioactive properties, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage cells. For this purpose, Raw 264.7 cells were incubated with cinnamaldehyde or eugenol (15, 25, and 50 μM) then stimulated with LPS. After 24 hr, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6 levels (as inflammatory mediators), and malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NOx) levels as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities (as oxidative status markers) were determined in cell cultures. Cinnamaldehyde and eugenol pre-treatments decreased TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels as compared to LPS group at all concentrations. Furthermore, these pre-treatments increased SOD activity while decreased MDA and NOx levels as well as CAT activity at different concentrations. Our results demonstrated that these phyto-compounds have potential for the treatment of various diseases as protective agents against chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are complications that play a detrimental role in the pathophysiology of many diseases. Alternative treatment methods have been investigated to prevent them. Cinnamaldehyde and eugenol are phyto-compounds with high bioactivity that can be obtained from foods and spices. In this study, the protective effects of cinnamaldehyde and eugenol on lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in macrophage cells were investigated. According to the obtained results, cinnamaldehyde and eugenol pre-treatments decreased inflammation and also reduced oxidative stress. Cinnamaldehyde and eugenol may be a better natural alternative protective agent for the chronic inflammation- and oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaan Kaltalioglu
- Vocational School of Espiye, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
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15
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Zhu L, Andersen-Civil AIS, Myhill LJ, Thamsborg SM, Kot W, Krych L, Nielsen DS, Blanchard A, Williams AR. The phytonutrient cinnamaldehyde limits intestinal inflammation and enteric parasite infection. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 100:108887. [PMID: 34655757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Phytonutrients such as cinnamaldehyde (CA) have been studied for their effects on metabolic diseases, but their influence on mucosal inflammation and immunity to enteric infection are not well documented. Here, we show that consumption of CA in mice significantly down-regulates transcriptional pathways connected to inflammation in the small intestine, and alters T-cell populations in mesenteric lymph nodes. During infection with the enteric helminth Heligomosomoides polygyrus, CA treatment attenuated infection-induced changes in biological pathways connected to cell cycle and mitotic activity, and tended to reduce worm burdens. Mechanistically, CA did not appear to exert activity through a prebiotic effect, as CA treatment did not significantly change the composition of the gut microbiota. Instead, in vitro experiments showed that CA directly induced xenobiotic metabolizing pathways in intestinal epithelial cells and suppressed endotoxin-induced inflammatory responses in macrophages. Collectively, our results show that CA down-regulates inflammatory pathways in the intestinal mucosa and can limit the pathological response to enteric infection. These properties appear to be largely independent of the gut microbiota, and instead connected to the ability of CA to induce antioxidant pathways in intestinal cells. Our results encourage further investigation into the use of CA and related phytonutrients as functional food components to promote intestinal health in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhu
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Laura J Myhill
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Stig M Thamsborg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Witold Kot
- Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Lukasz Krych
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Dennis S Nielsen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Andrew R Williams
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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16
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Wang Z, Yao J, Guan Z, Wu H, Cheng H, Yan G, Tang R. pH-triggered small molecule nano-prodrugs emulsified from tryptamine-cinnamaldehyde twin drug for targeted synergistic glioma therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 207:112052. [PMID: 34416443 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy fails to achieve an ideal gliomas therapy due to the limited delivery of chemotherapeutics across the blood brain barrier (BBB), difficult accumulation of drugs in the gliomas area, and off-target toxicity. Herein, the pH-triggered small molecule nano-prodrugs (Try-CA-NPs) emulsified from hydrophobic tryptamine (Try)-cinnamaldehyde (CA) twin drug were successfully prepared through a facile method. Try-CA-NPs exhibited long-term storage and circulation stability. Furthermore, liposoluble Try-CA-NPs could easily cross BBB and efficiently accumulate in brain, selectively target to gliomas cells via Try-mediated cellular uptake, and enhance cytotoxicity through intracellular pH-triggered endosomal escape and efficient drug release, and synergistic effect between CA and Try, therefore achieving the complete destruction of SH-SY5Y multicellular spheroids (MCs). Thus, the pH-triggered small molecule nano-prodrugs emulsified from Try-CA twin drug have the great potential for clinically targeted synergistic glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhexiang Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, PR China
| | - Jinzhu Yao
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, PR China
| | - Zhaoyuan Guan
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, PR China
| | - Haifang Wu
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, PR China
| | - Huazheng Cheng
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, PR China
| | - Guoqing Yan
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, PR China.
| | - Rupei Tang
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, PR China.
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17
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Liu L, Chu X, Tian C, Xia M, Zhang L, Jiang J, Gui S. Chemo Proling and Simultaneous Analysis of Different Combinations of Sinomenii Caulis and Ramulus Cinnamomi Using UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS, GC-MS and HPLC Methods. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 59:606-617. [PMID: 33969409 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmab048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sinomenii Caulis (QingFengTeng) and Ramulus Cinnamomi (GuiZhi) are traditional Chinese drugs that have been used for anti-inflammation. In this study, the team plans to find out the material basis of a Chinese herb combination composed of the two herbs with different ratios. METHODS The extracts of the herbal compound with various ratios obtained from ethanol extraction were analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and gas chromatography coupled mass spectrometry to identify the basic chemical compounds. Simultaneously, the contents of the eight main components (sinomenine, magnoflorine, laurifoline, dauricine, coumarin, cinnamyl alcohol, cinnamic acid and cinnamaldehyde) from herb formula were determined by gradient elution by high-performance liquid chromatography. Furthermore, the content of sinomenine and cinnamaldehyde were determined by isocratic elution, respectively. RESULTS Eighteen compounds in the herb formula were identified by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS. The components in the GuiZhi are mostly volatile oils and the kinds of compounds isolated from the formula in the ratio of 4:1 were the most. Wherein eight compounds were identified as the main detection targets in the content determination. CONCLUSION The extraction rate of sinomenine in QingFengTeng was related to the proportion of GuiZhi in the drug pairs. Synchronously, the addition of sinomenine in different proportions also had some influence on the extraction of cinnamaldehyde in GuiZhi. Furthermore, the series of methods was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of chemical compounds in different samples of QingFengTeng-GuiZhi decoction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Xiaoqin Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Chunling Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Mengqiu Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Jianqin Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.,Cellular and molecular biology Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Shuangying Gui
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
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18
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Kuru Bektaşoğlu P, Koyuncuoğlu T, Demir D, Sucu G, Akakın D, Peker Eyüboğlu İ, Yüksel M, Çelikoğlu E, Yeğen BÇ, Gürer B. Neuroprotective Effect of Cinnamaldehyde on Secondary Brain Injury After Traumatic Brain Injury in a Rat Model. World Neurosurg 2021; 153:e392-e402. [PMID: 34224887 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.06.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the possible neuroprotective effects of cinnamaldehyde (CA) on secondary brain injury after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in a rat model. METHODS Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control (n = 9), TBI (n = 9), vehicle (0.1% Tween 80; n = 8), and CA (100 mg/kg) (n = 9). TBI was induced by the weight-drop model. In brain tissues, myeloperoxidase activity and the levels of luminol-enhanced and lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence were measured. Interleukin 1β, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor α, tumor growth factor β, caspase-3, and cleaved caspase-3 were evaluated with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Brain injury was histopathologically graded after hematoxylin-eosin staining. Y-maze and novel object recognition tests were performed before TBI and within 24 hours of TBI. RESULTS Higher myeloperoxidase activity levels in the TBI group (P < 0.001) were suppressed in the CA group (P < 0.05). Luminol-enhanced and lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence, which were increased in the TBI group (P < 0.001, for both), were decreased in the group that received CA treatment (P < 0.001 for both). Compared with the increased histologic damage scores in the cerebral cortex and dentate gyrus of the TBI group (P < 0.001), scores of the CA group were lower (P < 0.001). Decreased number of entries and spontaneous alternation percentage in the Y-maze test of the TBI group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively) were not evident in the CA group. CONCLUSIONS CA has shown neuroprotective effects by limiting neutrophil recruitment, suppressing reactive oxygen species and reducing histologic damage and acute hippocampal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Kuru Bektaşoğlu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Physiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Türkan Koyuncuoğlu
- Department of Physiology, Biruni University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilan Demir
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kırdar Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gizem Sucu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Akakın
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İrem Peker Eyüboğlu
- Department of Medical Biology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meral Yüksel
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Marmara University Vocational School of Health-Related Services, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erhan Çelikoğlu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berrak Ç Yeğen
- Department of Physiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bora Gürer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Istinye University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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19
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Jong-Sik Ryu, Do J, Kang HY, Lee JK. The Protective Effects of Trans-Cinnamaldehyde against D-Galactose and Aluminum Chloride-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction in Mice. NEUROCHEM J+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712421010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Iqbal H, Menaa F, Khan NU, Razzaq A, Khan ZU, Ullah K, Kamal R, Sohail M, Thiripuranathar G, Uzair B, Rana NF, Khan BA, Menaa B. Two Promising Anti-Cancer Compounds, 2-Hydroxycinnaldehyde and 2-Benzoyloxycinnamaldehyde: Where do we stand? Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2021; 25:808-818. [PMID: 33593253 DOI: 10.2174/1386207324666210216094428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Natural bioactive compounds with anti-carcinogenic activity are gaining tremendous interest in the field of oncology. Cinnamon, an aromatic condiment commonly used in tropical regions, appeared incredibly promising as adjuvant for cancer therapy. Indeed, its whole or active parts (e.g., bark, leaf) exhibited significant anti-carcinogenic activity, which is mainly due to two cinnamaldehyde derivatives, namely 2-hydroxycinnaldehyde (HCA) and 2-benzoyloxycinnamaldehyde (BCA). In addition to their anti-cancer activity, HCA and BCA exert immunomodulatory, anti-platelets, and anti-inflammatory activities. Highly reactive α,ß-unsaturated carbonyl pharmacophore, called Michael acceptor, contribute to their therapeutic effects. The molecular mechanisms, underlying their anti-tumoral and anti-metastatic effects are miscellaneous, strongly suggesting that these compounds are multi-targeting compounds. Nevertheless, unravelling the exact molecular mechanisms of HCA and BCA remain a challenging matter which is necessary for optimal controlled-drug targeting delivery, safety, and efficiency. Eventually, their poor pharmacological properties (e.g., systemic bioavailability and solubility) represent a limitation, and depend both on their administration route (e.g., per os, intravenously) and the nature of the formulation (e.g., free, smart nano-). This concise review focused on the potential of HCA and BCA as adjuvants in Cancer. We described their medicinal effects as well as provide an update about their molecular mechanisms reported either in-vitro, ex-vivo, or in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Iqbal
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou. China
| | - Farid Menaa
- Department of Oncology, California Innovations Corp., San Diego, CA. United States
| | - Naveed Ullah Khan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou. China
| | - Anam Razzaq
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou. China
| | | | - Kifayat Ullah
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou. China
| | - Robia Kamal
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou. China
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai. China
| | - Gobika Thiripuranathar
- Institute of Chemistry Ceylon, College of Chemical Sciences, Welikada, Rajagiriya. Sri Lanka
| | - Bushra Uzair
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Islamic International University, Islamabad. Pakistan
| | - Nosheen Fatima Rana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Sciences, School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Sciences & Technology, Islamabad. Pakistan
| | - Barkat Ali Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Gomal University, D.I. Khan. Pakistan
| | - Bouzid Menaa
- Department of Oncology, California Innovations Corp., San Diego, CA. United States
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21
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Shetty V, Jakhade A, Shinde K, Chikate R, Kaul-Ghanekar R. Folate mediated targeted delivery of cinnamaldehyde loaded and FITC functionalized magnetic nanoparticles in breast cancer: in vitro, in vivo and pharmacokinetic studies. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj04319b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
FiCF NPs induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells, exhibited safety, reduced tumor burden in mice due to increased pharmacological efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Shetty
- Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA)
- Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University
- Pune-411043
- India
| | - Alok Jakhade
- Nanoscience Group
- Department of Chemistry
- Post-graduate and Research Center
- MES Abasaheb Garware College
- Pune
| | - Kavita Shinde
- Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA)
- Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University
- Pune-411043
- India
| | - Rajeev Chikate
- Nanoscience Group
- Department of Chemistry
- Post-graduate and Research Center
- MES Abasaheb Garware College
- Pune
| | - Ruchika Kaul-Ghanekar
- Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA)
- Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University
- Pune-411043
- India
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22
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Gai H, Zhou F, Zhang Y, Ai J, Zhan J, You Y, Huang W. Coniferaldehyde ameliorates the lipid and glucose metabolism in palmitic acid-induced HepG2 cells via the LKB1/AMPK signaling pathway. J Food Sci 2020; 85:4050-4060. [PMID: 33037652 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Impaired lipid and glucose metabolism in the liver is a crucial characteristic of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Coniferaldehyde (CA), a kind of phenolic compound found in many edible plants, has multiple biological and pharmacological functions. However, since the effect and molecular mechanism of CA on hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism disorders in NAFLD remain unknown, this study investigated its impact on the lipid and glucose metabolism of palmitic acid (PA)-induced HepG2 cells. Compared with the HepG2 cells treated only with PA, supplementation with 25, 50, and 100 µM CA reduced the levels of intracellular triglyceride (by 7.11%, 19.62%, and 31.57%) and total cholesterol (by 8.46%, 23.32%, and 27.17%), and enhanced glucose uptake (by 40.91%, 57.49%, and 61.32%) and intracellular glycogen content (by 12.75%, 41.27%, and 53.77%). Moreover, CA supplementation downregulated the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1, fatty acid synthase, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 related to lipogenesis while upregulating the expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1α related to fatty acid oxidation. CA supplementation also upregulated the glucose transporter 2 protein expression and phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β while downregulating the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase. Most importantly, most of these effects of CA were reversed by pretreatment with AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor and small interfering RNA-liver kinase B1 (LKB1). In conclusion, CA ameliorated the lipid and glucose metabolism in PA-induced HepG2 cells via the LKB1/AMPK signaling pathway. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: In this study, coniferaldehyde appeared to be effective in ameliorating hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism disorders in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by reducing the levels of intracellular triglyceride and total cholesterol and enhancing glucose uptake and intracellular glycogen content via the LKB1/AMPK signaling pathway in vitro. Therefore, our findings provide new evidence in support of that supplementation with coniferaldehyde or food rich in coniferaldehyde might be considered as a viable dietary intervention strategy for preventing and treating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Gai
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Tsinghua East Road 17, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Tsinghua East Road 17, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Tsinghua East Road 17, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jingya Ai
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Tsinghua East Road 17, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jicheng Zhan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Tsinghua East Road 17, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yilin You
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Tsinghua East Road 17, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China.,Xinghua Industrial Research Centre for Food Science and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Xinghua, Jiangsu, 225700, China
| | - Weidong Huang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Tsinghua East Road 17, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
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23
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Afify H, Abo-Youssef AM, Abdel-Rahman HM, Allam S, Azouz AA. The modulatory effects of cinnamaldehyde on uric acid level and IL-6/JAK1/STAT3 signaling as a promising therapeutic strategy against benign prostatic hyperplasia. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 402:115122. [PMID: 32628957 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a widespread disorder in elderly men. Cinnamaldehyde, which is a major constituent in the essential oil of cinnamon, has been previously reported to reduce xanthine oxidase activity, in addition to its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-proliferative activities. Our study was designed to investigate the potential modulatory effects of cinnamaldehyde on testosterone model of BPH in rats through reduction of uric acid level, and suppression of IL-6/JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway. Cinnamaldehyde (40 and 75 mg/kg) was orally administered to male Wistar rats for 3 weeks, and concurrently with testosterone (3 mg/kg, s.c.) from the second week. Cinnamaldehyde ameliorated the elevation in prostatic weight and index compared to rats treated with testosterone only, that was also confirmed by alleviation of histopathological changes in prostate architecture. The protective mechanisms of cinnamaldehyde were elucidated through inhibition of xanthine oxidase activity and reduced uric acid level. That was accompanied by reduction of the pro-inflammatory cytokines; interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and the nuclear translocation of the transcription factor NF-κB p65, that could be attributed also to the enhanced anti-oxidant defense by cinnamaldehyde. The protein expression of JAK1, which is IL-6 receptor linked protein, was reduced with subsequently reduced activation of STAT3 protein. That eventually suppressed the formation of the proliferation protein cyclin D1, while elevated Bax/Bcl2 ratio. It can be concluded that reducing uric acid level through xanthine oxidase inhibition and suppression of the inflammatory signaling cascade; IL-6/JAK1/STAT3; by cinnamaldehyde could be a novel and promising therapeutic approach against BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Afify
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian-Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amira M Abo-Youssef
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Hanaa M Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian-Russian University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shady Allam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Amany A Azouz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
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Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Microbial-Modulating Activities of Essential Oils: Implications in Colonic Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114152. [PMID: 32532055 PMCID: PMC7313461 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) are a complex mixture of hydrophobic and volatile compounds synthesized from aromatic plants, most of them commonly used in the human diet. In recent years, many studies have analyzed their antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and anticancer properties in vitro and on experimentally induced animal models of colitis and colorectal cancer. However, there are still few clinical studies aimed to understand their role in the modulation of the intestinal pathophysiology. Many EOs and some of their molecules have demonstrated their efficacy in inhibiting bacterial, fungi and virus replication and in modulating the inflammatory and oxidative processes that take place in experimental colitis. In addition to this, their antitumor activity against colorectal cancer models makes them extremely interesting compounds for the modulation of the pathophysiology of the large bowel. The characterization of these EOs is made difficult by their complexity and by the different compositions present in the same oil having different geographical origins. This review tries to shift the focus from the EOs to their individual compounds, to expand their possible applications in modulating colon pathophysiology.
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25
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Carresi C, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Scicchitano M, Scarano F, Bosco F, Nucera S, Maiuolo J, Macrì R, Ruga S, Oppedisano F, Zito MC, Guarnieri L, Mollace R, Tavernese A, Palma E, Bombardelli E, Fini M, Mollace V. The Effect of Natural Antioxidants in the Development of Metabolic Syndrome: Focus on Bergamot Polyphenolic Fraction. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1504. [PMID: 32455840 PMCID: PMC7284500 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a set of clinical findings that include visceral adiposity, insulin-resistance, high triglycerides (TG), low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and hypertension, which is linked to an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The pathogenesis of MetS involves both genetic and acquired factors triggering oxidative stress, cellular dysfunction and systemic inflammation process mainly responsible for the pathophysiological mechanism. In recent years, MetS has gained importance due to the exponential increase in obesity worldwide. However, at present, it remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. The present review will summarize the pathogenesis of MetS and the existing pharmacological therapies currently used and focus attention on the beneficial effects of natural compounds to reduce the risk and progression of MetS. In this regard, emerging evidence suggests a potential protective role of bergamot extracts, in particular bergamot flavonoids, in the management of different features of MetS, due to their pleiotropic anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Carresi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Federica Scarano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Francesca Oppedisano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
- Department of Medicine, Chair of Cardiology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Annamaria Tavernese
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
- Department of Medicine, Chair of Cardiology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Ezio Bombardelli
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Massimo Fini
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy;
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00163 Roma, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy;
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Shetty V, Chellampillai B, Kaul-Ghanekar R. Development and validation of a bioanalytical HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of cinnamaldehyde and cinnamic acid in rat plasma: application for pharmacokinetic studies. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03183a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, sensitive and accessible HPLC-UV method was developed and validated for simultaneous detection of CNAD and CA up to 1.0 ng ml−1 in plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Shetty
- Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA)
- Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University)
- Katraj-Dhankawadi
- Pune-411043
- India
| | - Bothiraja Chellampillai
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University)
- Pune 411038
- India
| | - Ruchika Kaul-Ghanekar
- Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA)
- Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University)
- Katraj-Dhankawadi
- Pune-411043
- India
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Chiang YF, Chen HY, Huang KC, Lin PH, Hsia SM. Dietary Antioxidant Trans-Cinnamaldehyde Reduced Visfatin-Induced Breast Cancer Progression: In Vivo and In Vitro Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8120625. [PMID: 31817697 PMCID: PMC6943554 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8120625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive growth of cancer cells is the main cause of cancer mortality. Therefore, discovering how to inhibit cancer growth is an important research topic. Recently, the newly discovered adipokine, known as nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT, visfatin), which has been associated with metabolic syndrome and obesity, has also been found to be a major cause of cancer proliferation. Therefore, inhibition of NAMPT and reduction of Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) synthesis is one strategy for cancer therapy. Cinnamaldehyde (CA), as an antioxidant and anticancer natural compound, may have the ability to inhibit visfatin. The breast cancer cell line and xenograft animal models were treated under different dosages of visfatin combined with CA and FK866 (a visfatin inhibitor) to test for cell toxicity, as well as inhibition of tumor-related proliferation of protein expression. In the breast cancer cell and the xenograft animal model, visfatin significantly increased proliferation-related protein expression, but combination with CA or FK866 significantly reduced visfatin-induced carcinogenic effects. For the first time, a natural compound inhibiting extracellular and intracellular NAMPT has been demonstrated. We hope that, in the future, this can be used as a potential anticancer compound and provide further directions for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fen Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (K.-C.H.); (P.-H.L.)
| | - Hsin-Yuan Chen
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (K.-C.H.); (P.-H.L.)
| | - Ko-Chieh Huang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (K.-C.H.); (P.-H.L.)
| | - Po-Han Lin
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (K.-C.H.); (P.-H.L.)
| | - Shih-Min Hsia
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (K.-C.H.); (P.-H.L.)
- School of Food and Safety, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 6558)
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Nystoriak MA, Kilfoil PJ, Lorkiewicz PK, Ramesh B, Kuehl PJ, McDonald J, Bhatnagar A, Conklin DJ. Comparative effects of parent and heated cinnamaldehyde on the function of human iPSC-derived cardiac myocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 61:104648. [PMID: 31518667 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Many e-cigarette products contain cinnamaldehyde as a primary constituent of cinnamon flavorings. When used as a food additive, cinnamaldehyde is generally regarded as safe for ingestion. However, little is known about the effects of cinnamaldehyde or its degradation products, generated after heating and inhalation, which may lead to elevated circulatory exposure to the heart. Hence, in this study, we tested the in vitro cardiac toxicity of cinnamaldehyde and its thermal degradation products generated by heating at low (200 ± 50 °C) and high temperatures (700 ± 50 °C) on the contractility, rhythmicity and electrical signaling properties of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac myocytes (hiPSC-CMs). Cellular impedance measurements on spontaneously beating hiPSC-CMs revealed that cinnamaldehyde significantly alters contraction-dependent signal amplitude, beating rate, and cell morphology. These effects were attenuated after cinnamaldehyde was subjected to heating at low or high temperatures. Current clamp analysis of hiPSC-CM action potentials (APs) showed only modest effects of acute application of 1-100 μM cinnamaldehyde on resting membrane potential, while prolonged (~20 min) application of 100 μM cinnamaldehyde resulted in progressive depolarization and loss of rhythmic AP spiking activity. Collectively, these results suggest that micromolar levels of cinnamaldehyde could alter cardiac excitability, in part by impairing the processes that regulate membrane potential and depolarization. Our results further suggest that heating cinnamaldehyde by itself does not directly lead to the formation of products with greater cardiotoxicity in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Nystoriak
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Diabetes and Obesity Center, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America.
| | - Peter J Kilfoil
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, United States of America
| | - Pawel K Lorkiewicz
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Diabetes and Obesity Center, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, United States of America
| | - Bhargav Ramesh
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, United States of America
| | - Philip J Kuehl
- Lovelace Biomedical, Albuquerque, NM 87108-5127, United States of America
| | - Jacob McDonald
- Lovelace Biomedical, Albuquerque, NM 87108-5127, United States of America
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Diabetes and Obesity Center, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Diabetes and Obesity Center, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America
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Wölkart G, Kollau A, Stessel H, Russwurm M, Koesling D, Schrammel A, Schmidt K, Mayer B. Effects of flavoring compounds used in electronic cigarette refill liquids on endothelial and vascular function. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222152. [PMID: 31498828 PMCID: PMC6733504 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic cigarette refill liquids are commercially provided with a wide variety of flavoring agents. A recent study suggested that several common flavors may scavenge nitric oxide (NO) and cause endothelial dysfunction. It was the aim of the present study to investigate the effects of these flavors on NO/cyclic GMP-mediated signaling and vascular relaxation. We tested the flavoring agents for effects on Ca2+-induced cGMP accumulation and NO synthase activation in cultured endothelial cells. NO scavenging was studied with NO-activated soluble guanylate cyclase and as NO release from a NO donor, measured with a NO electrode. Blood vessel function was studied with precontracted rat aortic rings in the absence and presence of acetylcholine or a NO donor. Cinnamaldehyde inhibited Ca2+-stimulated endothelial cGMP accumulation and NO synthase activation at ≥0.3 mM. Cinnamaldehyde and diacetyl inhibited NO-activated soluble guanylate cyclase with IC50 values of 0.56 (0.54–0.58) and 0.29 (0.24–0.36) mM, respectively, and caused moderate NO scavenging at 1 mM that was not mediated by superoxide anions. The other compounds did not scavenge NO at 1 mM. None of the flavorings interfered with acetylcholine-induced vascular relaxation, but they caused relaxation of pre-contracted aortas. The most potent compounds were eugenol and cinnamaldehyde with EC50 values of ~0.5 mM. Since the flavors did not affect endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation, NO scavenging by cinnamaldehyde and diacetyl does not result in impaired blood vessel function. Although not studied in vivo, the low potency of the compounds renders it unlikely that the observed effects are relevant to humans inhaling flavored vapor from electronic cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Wölkart
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander Kollau
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Heike Stessel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Russwurm
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Doris Koesling
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Astrid Schrammel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Kurt Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bernd Mayer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Graz, Austria
- * E-mail:
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Etaee F, Komaki A, Faraji N, Rezvani-Kamran A, Komaki S, Hasanein P, Taheri M, Omidi G. The effects of cinnamaldehyde on acute or chronic stress-induced anxiety-related behavior and locomotion in male mice. Stress 2019; 22:358-365. [PMID: 30806129 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2019.1567710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety and stress are considered as universal psychiatric exhibitions of the present societies and lifestyles. Several experiments have been conducted to examine natural anxiolytic agents to find out an alternative to synthetic anxiolytic drugs. The present study investigated the anxiolytic effects of cinnamaldehyde (Cin) on mice behavior in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field (OF) tests. Sixty male Swiss mice, weighing 20-30 g, were divided into six groups including: acute stress + mazola oil; chronic stress + oil; acute stress + Cin (20 mg/kg); chronic stress + Cin; non-stress + oil; and non-stress + Cin groups. The groups were administered for seven days (once a day). The acute stress + Cin group showed a meaningful rise in the percentage of entries into the open arms compared to the acute stress + oil group (p <.05). The percentage of time spent in the open arms in the chronic stress + Cin group was significantly higher compared to the chronic stress + oil group (p < .01). The percentage of entries into the open arms increased significantly (p < .01) in the chronic stress + Cin group in comparison with the chronic stress + oil group. The Cin treated groups showed significant increases in the time spent in the center area and in the number of entries into the center area compared with the oil treated groups in OF test. The number of entries into the arms (total activity), as well as locomotor activity was not significant among groups. The results of the present study indicated that Cin, as a natural product, might have anxiolytic effects in mice behavior in the EPM and OF tests. Lay summary The results demonstrated that the administration of cinnamaldehyde (Cin) produced anxiolytic effects in mice. Natural antioxidant products have been reported effective for anxiety. Synthetic medications have notable adverse effects. Therefore, these natural substances with broad therapeutic applicability are able to reduce anxiety-related behavior with rare side effects. According to the results, Cin could decrease anxiety-related behavior in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshid Etaee
- a Neurophysiology Research Center , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
- b Rahe Sabz Addiction Rehabilitation Clinic , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- a Neurophysiology Research Center , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
| | - Nafiseh Faraji
- a Neurophysiology Research Center , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
| | - Arezoo Rezvani-Kamran
- a Neurophysiology Research Center , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
| | - Somayeh Komaki
- a Neurophysiology Research Center , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
| | - Parisa Hasanein
- c Department of Biology, School of Basic Sciences , University of Zabol , Zabol , Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- d Department of Medical Genetics , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Omidi
- a Neurophysiology Research Center , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
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Kang NH, Mukherjee S, Yun JW. Trans-Cinnamic Acid Stimulates White Fat Browning and Activates Brown Adipocytes. Nutrients 2019; 11:E577. [PMID: 30857158 PMCID: PMC6470544 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, pharmacological activation of brown fat and induction of white fat browning (beiging) have been considered promising strategies to treat obesity. To search for natural products that could stimulate the process of browning in adipocytes, we evaluated the activity of trans-cinnamic acid (tCA), a class of cinnamon from the bark of Cinnamomum cassia, by determining genetic expression using real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and protein expression by immunoblot analysis for thermogenic and fat metabolizing markers. In our study tCA induced brown like-phenotype in 3T3-L1 white adipocytes and activated HIB1B brown adipocytes. tCA increased protein content of brown-fat-specific markers (UCP1, PRDM16, and PGC-1α) and expression levels of beige-fat-specific genes (Cd137, Cidea, Cited1, Tbx1, and Tmen26) in 3T3-L1 white adipocytes, as well as brown-fat-specific genes (Lhx8, Ppargc1, Prdm16, Ucp1, and Zic1) in HIB1B brown adipocytes. Furthermore, tCA reduced expression of key adipogenic transcription factors C/EBPα and PPARγ in white adipocytes, but enhanced their expressions in brown adipocytes. In addition, tCA upregulates lipid catabolism. Moreover, mechanistic study revealed that tCA induced browning in white adipocytes by activating the β3-AR and AMPK signaling pathways. tCA can induce browning, increase fat oxidation, reduce adipogenesis and lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and activate HIB1B adipocytes, suggesting its potential to treat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Hyeon Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Korea.
| | - Sulagna Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Korea.
| | - Jong Won Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Korea.
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Mohammed A, Islam MS. Spice-Derived Bioactive Ingredients: Potential Agents or Food Adjuvant in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:893. [PMID: 30186162 PMCID: PMC6113848 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Spices possess tremendous therapeutic potential including hypoglycemic action, attributed to their bioactive ingredients. However, there is no study that critically reviewed the hypoglycemic potency, safety and the bioavailability of the spice-derived bioactive ingredients (SDBI). Therefore, the aim of the study was to comprehensively review all published studies regarding the hypoglycemic action of SDBI with the purpose to assess whether the ingredients are potential hypoglycemic agents or adjuvant. Factors considered were concentration/dosages used, the extent of blood glucose reduction, the IC50 values, and the safety concern of the SDBI. From the results, cinnamaldehyde, curcumin, diosgenin, thymoquinone (TQ), and trigonelline were showed the most promising effects and hold future potential as hypoglycemic agents. Conclusively, future studies should focus on improving the tissue and cellular bioavailability of the promising SDBI to achieve greater potency. Additionally, clinical trials and toxicity studies are with these SDBI are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminu Mohammed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Md. Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Momtaz S, Hassani S, Khan F, Ziaee M, Abdollahi M. Cinnamon, a promising prospect towards Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacol Res 2017; 130:241-258. [PMID: 29258915 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decades, an exponential increase of efforts concerning the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been practiced. Phytochemicals preparations have a millenary background to combat various pathological conditions. Various cinnamon species and their biologically active ingredients have renewed the interest towards the treatment of patients with mild-to-moderate AD through the inhibition of tau protein aggregation and prevention of the formation and accumulation of amyloid-β peptides into the neurotoxic oligomeric inclusions, both of which are considered to be the AD trademarks. In this review, we presented comprehensive data on the interactions of a number of cinnamon polyphenols (PPs) with oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory signaling pathways in the brain. In addition, we discussed the potential association between AD and diabetes mellitus (DM), vis-à-vis the effluence of cinnamon PPs. Further, an upcoming prospect of AD epigenetic pathophysiological conditions and cinnamon has been sighted. Data was retrieved from the scientific databases such as PubMed database of the National Library of Medicine, Scopus and Google Scholar without any time limitation. The extract of cinnamon efficiently inhibits tau accumulations, Aβ aggregation and toxicity in vivo and in vitro models. Indeed, cinnamon possesses neuroprotective effects interfering multiple oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory pathways. Besides, cinnamon modulates endothelial functions and attenuates the vascular cell adhesion molecules. Cinnamon PPs may induce AD epigenetic modifications. Cinnamon and in particular, cinnamaldehyde seem to be effective and safe approaches for treatment and prevention of AD onset and/or progression. However, further molecular and translational research studies as well as prolonged clinical trials are required to establish the therapeutic safety and efficacy in different cinnamon spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran; Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokoufeh Hassani
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazlullah Khan
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IC-TUMS), Tehran Iran
| | - Mojtaba Ziaee
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran; Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IC-TUMS), Tehran Iran.
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Jiang J, Emont MP, Jun H, Qiao X, Liao J, Kim DI, Wu J. Cinnamaldehyde induces fat cell-autonomous thermogenesis and metabolic reprogramming. Metabolism 2017; 77:58-64. [PMID: 29046261 PMCID: PMC5685898 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cinnamaldehyde (CA) is a food compound that has previously been observed to be protective against obesity and hyperglycemia in mouse models. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the mechanisms behind this protective effect by assessing the cell-autonomous response of primary adipocytes to CA treatment. METHODS Primary murine adipocytes were treated with CA and thermogenic and metabolic responses were assessed after both acute and chronic treatments. Human adipose stem cells were differentiated and treated with CA to assess whether the CA-mediated signaling is conserved in humans. RESULTS CA significantly activated PKA signaling, increased expression levels of thermogenic genes and induced phosphorylation of HSL and PLIN1 in murine primary adipocytes. Inhibition of PKA or p38 MAPK enzymatic activity markedly inhibited the CA-induced thermogenic response. In addition, chronic CA treatment regulates metabolic reprogramming, which was partially diminished in FGF21KO adipocytes. Importantly, both acute and chronic effects of CA were observed in human adipose stem cells isolated from multiple donors of different ethnicities and ages and with a variety of body mass indexes (BMI). CONCLUSIONS CA activates thermogenic and metabolic responses in mouse and human primary subcutaneous adipocytes in a cell-autonomous manner, giving a mechanistic explanation for the anti-obesity effects of CA observed previously and further supporting its potential metabolic benefits on humans. Given the wide usage of cinnamon in the food industry, the notion that this popular food additive, instead of a drug, may activate thermogenesis, could ultimately lead to therapeutic strategies against obesity that are much better adhered to by participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jiang
- Life Sciences Institute, 210 Washtenaw Ave Rm 5115, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Margo P Emont
- Life Sciences Institute, 210 Washtenaw Ave Rm 5115, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Heejin Jun
- Life Sciences Institute, 210 Washtenaw Ave Rm 5115, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Xiaona Qiao
- Life Sciences Institute, 210 Washtenaw Ave Rm 5115, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R.China
| | - Jiling Liao
- Life Sciences Institute, 210 Washtenaw Ave Rm 5115, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Dong-Il Kim
- Life Sciences Institute, 210 Washtenaw Ave Rm 5115, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jun Wu
- Life Sciences Institute, 210 Washtenaw Ave Rm 5115, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Wu YK, Chen CC, Lin TW, Tsai PC, Kuo CF. Absolute bioavailability, tissue distribution, and excretion of 2,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde in rats. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Zhu R, Liu H, Liu C, Wang L, Ma R, Chen B, Li L, Niu J, Fu M, Zhang D, Gao S. Cinnamaldehyde in diabetes: A review of pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and safety. Pharmacol Res 2017; 122:78-89. [PMID: 28559210 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cinnamaldehyde, one of the active components derived from Cinnamon, has been used as a natural flavorant and fragrance agent in kitchen and industry. Emerging studies have been performed over the past decades to evaluate its beneficial role in management of diabetes and its complications. This review highlights recent advances of cinnamaldehyde in its glucolipid lowering effects, its pharmacokinetics, and its safety by consulting the Pubmed, China Knowledge Resource Integrated, China Science and Technology Journal, National Science and Technology Library, Wanfang Data, and the Web of Science Databases. For the inquiries, keywords such as Cinnamon, cinnamaldehyde, property, synthesis, diabetes, obesity, pharmacokinetics, and safety were used in various combinations. Accumulating evidence supports the notion that cinnamaldehyde exhibits glucolipid lowering effects in diabetic animals by increasing glucose uptake and improving insulin sensitivity in adipose and skeletal muscle tissues, improving glycogen synthesis in liver, restoring pancreatic islets dysfunction, slowing gastric emptying rates, and improving diabetic renal and brain disorders. Cinnamaldehyde exerts these effects through its action on multiple signaling pathways, including PPARs, AMPK, PI3K/IRS-1, RBP4-GLUT4, and ERK/JNK/p38MAPK, TRPA1-ghrelin and Nrf2 pathways. In addition, cinnamaldehyde seems to regulate the activities of PTP1B and α-amylase. Furthermore, cinnamaldehyde has the potential of metalizing into cinnamyl alcohol and methyl cinnamate and cinnamic acid in the body. Finally, there is a potential toxicity concern about this compound. In summary, cinnamaldehyde supplementation is shown to improve glucose and lipid homeostasis in diabetic animals, which may provide a new option for diabetic intervention. To this end, further scientific evidences are required from clinical trials on its glucose regulating effects and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyuan Zhu
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chenyue Liu
- Chinese Material Medica School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Rufeng Ma
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Beibei Chen
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lin Li
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jianzhao Niu
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Min Fu
- The Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Sihua Gao
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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Li XQ, Liu XX, Wang XY, Xie YH, Yang Q, Liu XX, Ding YY, Cao W, Wang SW. Cinnamaldehyde Derivatives Inhibit Coxsackievirus B3-Induced Viral Myocarditis. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2017; 25:279-287. [PMID: 27737525 PMCID: PMC5424638 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2016.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical property of cinnamaldehyde is unstable in vivo, although early experiments have shown its obvious therapeutic effects on viral myocarditis (VMC). To overcome this problem, we used cinnamaldehyde as a leading compound to synthesize derivatives. Five derivatives of cinnamaldehyde were synthesized: 4-methylcinnamaldehyde (1), 4-chlorocinnamaldehyde (2), 4-methoxycinnamaldehyde (3), α-bromo-4-methylcinnamaldehyde (4), and α-bromo-4-chlorocinnamaldehyde (5). Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and HeLa cells infected by coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) were used to evaluate their antiviral and cytotoxic effects. In vivo BALB/c mice were infected with CVB3 for establishing VMC models. Among the derivatives, compound 4 and 5 inhibited the CVB3 in HeLa cells with the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations values of 11.38 ± 2.22 μM and 2.12 ± 0.37 μM, respectively. The 50% toxic concentrations of compound 4 and 5-treated cells were 39-fold and 87-fold higher than in the cinnamaldehyde group. Compound 4 and 5 effectively reduced the viral titers and cardiac pathological changes in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, compound 4 and 5 significantly inhibited the secretion, mRNA and protein expressions of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in CVB3-infected cardiomyocytes, indicating that brominated cinnamaldehyde not only improved the anti-vital activities for VMC, but also had potent anti-inflammatory effects in cardiomyocytes induced by CVB3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qiang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xue-Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yan-Hua Xie
- Department of Natural Medicine and Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Natural Medicine and Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xin-Xin Liu
- Department of Natural Medicine and Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Ding
- Department of Natural Medicine and Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Natural Medicine and Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Si-Wang Wang
- Department of Natural Medicine and Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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Ji B, Zhuo L, Yang B, Wang Y, Li L, Yu M, Zhao Y, Yu Z. Development and validation of a sensitive and fast UPLC–MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of seven bioactive compounds in rat plasma after oral administration of Guizhi-gancao decoction. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 137:23-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Buntinx L, Chang L, Amin A, Morlion B, de Hoon J. Development of an in vivo target-engagement biomarker for TRPA1 antagonists in humans. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 83:603-611. [PMID: 27685892 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To develop a non-invasive, safe and reproducible target-engagement biomarker for future TRPA1 antagonists in healthy volunteers. METHODS Dose finding (n = 11): 3%, 10%, and 30% cinnamaldehyde (CA) and placebo (= vehicle) was topically applied on the right forearm. One-way ANOVA with post-hoc Bonferroni was used to compare between doses. Reproducibility: 10% CA doses were topically applied during one visit on both arms (n = 10) or during two visits (n = 23) separated by a washout period of 7 days. CA-induced dermal blood flow (DBF) was assessed by laser Doppler imaging (LDI) at baseline and at 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 min post-CA. Paired t-test was used to compare between arms or visits. Concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) was calculated to assess reproducibility. Data are expressed as percent change from baseline (mean ± 95% CI). RESULTS All three doses increased DBF compared to vehicle at all time-points, with the maximum response at 10-20 min post-CA. Dose response was found when comparing AUC0-50min of 30% CA (51 364 ± 8475%*min) with 10% CA (32 239 ± 8034%*min, P = 0.03) and 3% CA (30 226 ± 11 958%*min, P = 0.015). 10% CA was chosen as an effective and safe dose. DBF response to 10% CA was found to be reproducible between arms (AUC0-50min , CCC = 0.91) and visits (AUC0-50min , CCC = 0.83). Based on sample size calculations, this model allows a change in CA-induced DBF of 30-50% to be detected between two independent groups of maximum 10-15 subjects with 80% power. CONCLUSIONS Evaluation of CA-induced changes in DBF offers a safe, non-invasive and reproducible target-engagement biomarker in vivo in humans to evaluate TRPA1 antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linde Buntinx
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lin Chang
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aasim Amin
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Morlion
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan de Hoon
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
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Lauw SJ, Zhong C, Webster RD. Studies on the electrochemical reduction and coupled homogeneous reactions of cinnamaldehyde in acetonitrile. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Dong X, Wang R, Zhou X, Li P, Yang H. Current mass spectrometry approaches and challenges for the bioanalysis of traditional Chinese medicines. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1026:15-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Zhang K, Han ES, Dellinger TH, Lu J, Nam S, Anderson RA, Yim JH, Wen W. Cinnamon extract reduces VEGF expression via suppressing HIF-1α gene expression and inhibits tumor growth in mice. Mol Carcinog 2016; 56:436-446. [PMID: 27253180 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Although many anti-VEGF agents are available for cancer treatment, side effects of these agents limit their application for cancer treatment and prevention. Here we studied the potential use of a diet-based agent as an inhibitor for VEGF production. Using a VEGF reporter assay, our data showed that an extract from cinnamon (CE) was a potent inhibitor of VEGF production in human cancer cells and suggested inhibition might be mediated through the suppression of HIF-1α gene expression and protein synthesis. Furthermore, CE treatment was found to inhibit expression and phosphorylation of STAT3 and AKT, which are key factors in the regulation of HIF-1α expression, and significantly reduce angiogenesis potential of cancer cells by migration assay. Consistent with these results, we observed significant suppression of VEGF expression, blood vessel formation, and tumor growth in a human ovarian tumor model in mice treated with CE. Cinnamaldehyde, a major component in cinnamon, was identified as one active component in CE that inhibits VEGF expression. Taken together, our findings provide a novel mechanism underlying anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor actions of CE and support the potential use of CE in cancer prevention and treatment. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqiang Zhang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California.,Department of Surgery, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Ernest S Han
- Department of Surgery, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Thanh H Dellinger
- Department of Surgery, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Jianming Lu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California.,Department of Surgery, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Sangkil Nam
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Richard A Anderson
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - John H Yim
- Department of Surgery, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Wei Wen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California.,Department of Surgery, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
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Hong SH, Ismail IA, Kang SM, Han DC, Kwon BM. Cinnamaldehydes in Cancer Chemotherapy. Phytother Res 2016; 30:754-67. [PMID: 26890810 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cinnamaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde-derived compounds are candidates for the development of anticancer drugs that have received extensive research attention. In this review, we summarize recent findings detailing the positive and negative aspects of cinnamaldehyde and its derivatives as potential anticancer drug candidates. Furthermore, we describe the in vivo pharmacokinetics and metabolism of cinnamaldehydes. The oxidative and antioxidative properties of cinnamaldehydes, which contribute to their potential in chemotherapy, have also been discussed. Moreover, the mechanism(s) by which cinnamaldehydes induce apoptosis in cancer cells have been explored. In addition, evidence of the regulatory effects of cinnamaldehydes on cancer cell invasion and metastasis has been described. Finally, the application of cinnamaldehydes in treating various types of cancer, including breast, prostate, and colon cancers, has been discussed in detail. The effects of cinnamaldehydes on leukemia, hepatocellular carcinoma, and oral cancer have been summarized briefly. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hyung Hong
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 700-412, Korea
| | - Ismail Ahmed Ismail
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 700-412, Korea.,Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Sung-Min Kang
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 700-412, Korea
| | - Dong Cho Han
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology in Korea, 125 Gwahakro Yoosunggu, Daejeon, 305-806, Korea
| | - Byoung-Mog Kwon
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology in Korea, 125 Gwahakro Yoosunggu, Daejeon, 305-806, Korea
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Gunawardena D, Karunaweera N, Lee S, van Der Kooy F, Harman DG, Raju R, Bennett L, Gyengesi E, Sucher NJ, Münch G. Anti-inflammatory activity of cinnamon (C. zeylanicum and C. cassia) extracts - identification of E-cinnamaldehyde and o-methoxy cinnamaldehyde as the most potent bioactive compounds. Food Funct 2016; 6:910-9. [PMID: 25629927 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00680a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a contributing factor in many age-related diseases. In a previous study, we have shown that Sri Lankan cinnamon (C. zeylanicum) was one of the most potent anti-inflammatory foods out of 115 foods tested. However, knowledge about the exact nature of the anti-inflammatory compounds and their distribution in the two major cinnamon species used for human consumption is limited. The aim of this investigation was to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of C. zeylanicum and C. cassia and elucidate their main phytochemical compounds. When extracts were tested in LPS and IFN-γ activated RAW 264.7 macrophages, most of the anti-inflammatory activity, measured by down-regulation of nitric oxide and TNF-α production, was observed in the organic extracts. The most abundant compounds in these extracts were E-cinnamaldehyde and o-methoxycinnamaldehyde. The highest concentration of E-cinnamaldehyde was found in the DCM extract of C. zeylanicum or C. cassia (31 and 34 mg g(-1) of cinnamon, respectively). When these and other constituents were tested for their anti-inflammatory activity in RAW 264.7 and J774A.1 macrophages, the most potent compounds were E-cinnamaldehyde and o-methoxycinnamaldehyde, which exhibited IC₅₀ values for NO with RAW 264.7 cells of 55 ± 9 μM (7.3 ± 1.2 μg mL(-1)) and 35 ± 9 μM (5.7 ± 1.5 μg mL(-1)), respectively; and IC₅₀ values for TNF-α of 63 ± 9 μM (8.3 ± 1.2 μg mL(-1)) and 78 ± 16 μM (12.6 ± 2.6 μg mL(-1)), respectively. If therapeutic concentrations can be achieved in target tissues, cinnamon and its components may be useful in the treatment of age-related inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanushka Gunawardena
- School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
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45
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Kiwamoto R, Ploeg D, Rietjens IMCM, Punt A. Dose-dependent DNA adduct formation by cinnamaldehyde and other food-borne α,β-unsaturated aldehydes predicted by physiologically based in silico modelling. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 31:114-25. [PMID: 26612355 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Genotoxicity of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes shown in vitro raises a concern for the use of the aldehydes as food flavourings, while at low dose exposures the formation of DNA adducts may be prevented by detoxification. Unlike many α,β-unsaturated aldehydes for which in vivo data are absent, cinnamaldehyde was shown to be not genotoxic or carcinogenic in vivo. The present study aimed at comparing dose-dependent DNA adduct formation by cinnamaldehyde and 18 acyclic food-borne α,β-unsaturated aldehydes using physiologically based kinetic/dynamic (PBK/D) modelling. In rats, cinnamaldehyde was predicted to induce higher DNA adducts levels than 6 out of the 18 α,β-unsaturated aldehydes, indicating that these 6 aldehydes may also test negative in vivo. At the highest cinnamaldehyde dose that tested negative in vivo, cinnamaldehyde was predicted to form at least three orders of magnitude higher levels of DNA adducts than the 18 aldehydes at their respective estimated daily intake. These results suggest that for all the 18 α,β-unsaturated aldehydes DNA adduct formation at doses relevant for human dietary exposure may not raise a concern. The present study illustrates a possible use of physiologically based in silico modelling to facilitate a science-based comparison and read-across on the possible risks posed by DNA reactive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kiwamoto
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Tuinlaan 5, 6703 HE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - D Ploeg
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Tuinlaan 5, 6703 HE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - I M C M Rietjens
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Tuinlaan 5, 6703 HE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - A Punt
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Tuinlaan 5, 6703 HE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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46
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Simultaneous determination of cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid, and 2-methoxy cinnamic acid in rat whole blood after oral administration of volatile oil of Cinnamoni Ramulus by UHPLC-MS/MS: An application for a pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1001:107-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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47
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Zhao H, Yuan J, Yang Q, Xie Y, Cao W, Wang S. Cinnamaldehyde in a Novel Intravenous Submicrometer Emulsion: Pharmacokinetics, Tissue Distribution, Antitumor Efficacy, and Toxicity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:6386-6392. [PMID: 26118760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of our research is to find a new lipid emulsion to deliver a low water-soluble compound, cinnamaldehyde (CA). Its characteristics, pharmacokinetics, antitumor efficacy, and toxicity were evaluated. The mean particle size, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency of the submicromemter emulsion of CA (SME-CA) were 130 ± 5.92 nm, -25.7 ± 6.00 mV, and 99.5 ± 0.25%, respectively. The area under the curve from 0 h to termination time (AUC(0-t)) of SME-CA showed a significantly higher value than that of CA (589 ± 59.2 vs 375 ± 83.5 ng h/L, P < 0.01). Tissue distribution study showed various changes; among them, a 27% higher concentration was found in brain tissue when using SME-CA at 15 min after administration. For the efficacy evaluation, SME-CA exhibited 8- and 11-fold antitumor activity in the depression of HeLa and A549 cell lines with the IC50 decreasing to 0.003 and 0.001 mmol/L, respectively. The LD50 values of CA and SME-CA in mice were 74.8 and 125 mg/kg, suggesting increased safety from the new formulation. The new formulation exhibited lower toxicity, higher antitumor activity, and a more satisfactory pharmacokinetic property, which displayed great potential for future pharmacological application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhao
- ‡The Cultivation Project of Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine in QinBa Mountains, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jiani Yuan
- ‡The Cultivation Project of Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine in QinBa Mountains, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Qian Yang
- ‡The Cultivation Project of Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine in QinBa Mountains, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yanhua Xie
- ‡The Cultivation Project of Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine in QinBa Mountains, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wei Cao
- ‡The Cultivation Project of Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine in QinBa Mountains, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Siwang Wang
- ‡The Cultivation Project of Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine in QinBa Mountains, Xi'an 710032, China
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48
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Kim JE, Son JE, Jeong H, Joon Kim D, Seo SK, Lee E, Lim TG, Kim JR, Chen H, Bode AM, Lee KW, Dong Z. A Novel Cinnamon-Related Natural Product with Pim-1 Inhibitory Activity Inhibits Leukemia and Skin Cancer. Cancer Res 2015; 75:2716-2728. [PMID: 25948588 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Pim-1 kinase regulates cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation and is overexpressed frequently in many malignancies, including leukemia and skin cancer. In this study, we used kinase profiling analysis to demonstrate that 2'-hydroxycinnamicaldehyde (2'-HCA), a compound found in cinnamon, specifically inhibits Pim-1 activity. Cocrystallography studies determined the hydrogen bonding pattern between 2'-HCA and Pim-1. Notably, 2'-HCA binding altered the apo kinase structure in a manner that shielded the ligand from solvent, thereby acting as a gatekeeper loop. Biologically, 2'-HCA inhibited the growth of human erythroleukemia or squamous epidermoid carcinoma cells by inducing apoptosis. The compound was also effective as a chemopreventive agent against EGF-mediated neoplastic transformation. Finally, 2'-HCA potently suppressed the growth of mouse xenografts representing human leukemia or skin cancer. Overall, our results offered preclinical proof of concept for 2'-HCA as a potent anticancer principle arising from direct targeting of the Pim-1 kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Eun Kim
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-270, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Bio Food Industry, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 232-916, Republic of Korea.,The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Joe Eun Son
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-270, Republic of Korea.,WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyein Jeong
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Joon Kim
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Sang Kwon Seo
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjung Lee
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea.,Traditional Alcoholic Beverage Research Team, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Gyu Lim
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-270, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Bio Food Industry, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 232-916, Republic of Korea.,The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Jong Rhan Kim
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-270, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Bio Food Industry, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 232-916, Republic of Korea.,WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanyong Chen
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Ki Won Lee
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-270, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Bio Food Industry, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 232-916, Republic of Korea.,WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Zigang Dong
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
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Roth-Walter F, Moskovskich A, Gomez-Casado C, Diaz-Perales A, Oida K, Singer J, Kinaciyan T, Fuchs HC, Jensen-Jarolim E. Immune suppressive effect of cinnamaldehyde due to inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis in immune cells: implications in cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108402. [PMID: 25271635 PMCID: PMC4182734 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Besides its anti-inflammatory effects, cinnamaldehyde has been reported to have anti-carcinogenic activity. Here, we investigated its impact on immune cells. Methods Activation of nuclear factor-κB by cinnamaldehyde (0–10 µg/ml) alone or in combination with lipopolysaccharide was assessed in THP1XBlue human monocytic cell line and in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Proliferation and secretion of cytokines (IL10 and TNFα) was determined in primary immune cells and the human cell lines (THP1, Jurkat E6-1 and Raji cell lines) stimulated with cinnamaldehyde alone or in conjunction with lipopolysaccharide. Nitric oxide was determined in mouse RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, different treated PBMCs were stained for CD3, CD20 and AnnexinV. Results Low concentrations (up to 1 µg/ml) of cinnamaldehyde resulted in a slight increase in nuclar factor-kB activation, whereas higher concentrations led to a dose-dependent decrease of nuclear factor-kB activation (up to 50%) in lipopolysachharide-stimulated THP1 cells and PBMCs. Accordingly, nitric oxide, interleukin 10 secretion as well as cell proliferation were reduced in lipopolysachharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, PBMCs and THP1, Raji and Jurkat-E6 immune cells in the presence of cinnamaldehyde in a concentration-dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis of PBMCs revealed that CD3+ were more affected than CD20+ cells to apopotosis by cinnamaldehyde. Conclusion We attribute the anti-inflammatory properties of cinnamaldehyde to its ability to block nuclear factor-κB activation in immune cells. Treatment with cinnamaldehyde led to inhibition of cell viability, proliferation and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in primary and immortalized immune cells. Therefore, despite its described anti-carcinogenic property, treatment with cinnamaldehyde in cancer patients might be contraindicated due to its ability to inhibit immune cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Roth-Walter
- Comparative Medicine, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna and University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Moskovskich
- Comparative Medicine, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna and University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cristina Gomez-Casado
- Biotechnology Department, Center for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics, Technical University Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Araceli Diaz-Perales
- Biotechnology Department, Center for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics, Technical University Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kumiko Oida
- Comparative Medicine, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna and University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Josef Singer
- Comparative Immunology and Oncology, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tamar Kinaciyan
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases (DIAID), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heidemarie C. Fuchs
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Comparative Medicine, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna and University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comparative Immunology and Oncology, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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50
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Simultaneous determination of four volatile compounds in rat plasma after oral administration of Shexiang Baoxin Pill (SBP) by HS-SPDE-GC–MS/MS and its application to pharmacokinetic studies. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 963:47-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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