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Rabotnick MH, Ehlinger J, Haidari A, Goodrich JM. Prenatal exposures to endocrine disrupting chemicals: The role of multi-omics in understanding toxicity. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 578:112046. [PMID: 37598796 PMCID: PMC10592024 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are a diverse group of toxicants detected in populations globally. Prenatal EDC exposures impact birth and childhood outcomes. EDCs work through persistent changes at the molecular, cellular, and organ level. Molecular and biochemical signals or 'omics' can be measured at various functional levels - including the epigenome, transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, and the microbiome. In this narrative review, we introduce each omics and give examples of associations with prenatal EDC exposures. There is substantial research on epigenomic modifications in offspring exposed to EDCs during gestation, and a growing number of studies evaluating the transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, or microbiome in response to these exposures. Multi-omics, integrating data across omics layers, may improve understanding of disrupted function pathways related to early life exposures. We highlight several data integration methods to consider in multi-omics studies. Information from multi-omics can improve understanding of the biological processes and mechanisms underlying prenatal EDC toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret H Rabotnick
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jessa Ehlinger
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ariana Haidari
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jaclyn M Goodrich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Zhuang Y, Sun X, Deng S, Wen Y, Xu Q, Guan Q. In vivo effects of low dose prenatal bisphenol A exposure on adiposity in male and female ICR offspring. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 257:114946. [PMID: 37105096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA) is known to exhibit endocrine disrupting activities and is associated with adiposity. We examined the obesogenic effect of prenatal BPA exposure in the present study. METHODS Pregnant ICR mice were exposed to vehicle or BPA via the drinking water at a dose of 0.5 μg/kg·d throughout the gestation. Obesity-related indexes were investigated in the 12-wk-old offspring. Primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) collected from treated embryos were used to test effects of BPA on adipocyte differentiation. RESULTS Offspring presented a significantly higher rate of weight gain than the control, with impaired insulin sensitivity and increased adipocyte size. Differentiation of MEFs from BPA-treated mice showed a higher propensity for the adipocyte commitment as well as up-regulation of genes enriched in lipid biosynthesis. TGF-β signaling pathway was found to modulate obesogenic effect of BPA in MEF model, but estrogen signaling pathway had no effect. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides strong evidence of the association between prenatal exposure to low dose of BPA and a significant increase in body weight in the offspring mice with a critical role played by TGF-β signaling pathway. The potential interactions modulating the binding of BPA and TGF-β that activate its obesogenic effects need to be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhuang
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiangying Sun
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Siting Deng
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ya Wen
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qiujin Xu
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Science, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Quanquan Guan
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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3
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Fauconnier MB, Albert C, Tondreau A, Maumy L, Rouzier R, Bonneau C. [Bisphenol A and breast cancer: State of knowledge and meta-analysis]. Bull Cancer 2023; 110:151-159. [PMID: 36543681 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2022.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bisphenol A is an endocrine disruptor used in the composition of food containers. It was partially banned in France in 2015 and classified as a "very high-risk substance" in 2017. Bisphenol A's carcinogenic effects have been demonstrated in animal testing. Bisphenol A acts through estrogen-dependent and estrogen-independent pathways. It induces epigenetic changes and impacts the microenvironment of the mammary gland. However, the role of bisphenol A exposure in the development of breast cancer in humans remains controversial. This study documents the current thinking on bisphenol A with an analysis of the mechanisms and a meta-analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature review and a statistical analysis of linear regression type, with the creation of a Forest plot, were used to perform the meta-analysis of 9 studies including 10,695 patients. RESULTS Nine case-control studies, published between 1990 and 2021, investigating the association between breast cancer and mean urinary, blood or tissue bisphenol A levels were selected. The meta-analysis did not find a significant association between bisphenol A exposure and the development of breast cancer with an OR=(1 IC95% [0.92-1.08]). DISCUSSION This meta-analysis does not show a link between breast cancer and bisphenol A exposure. Nevertheless, the analysis of a pathogenic link between bisphenol A and breast cancer requires additional cohort studies to conclude because of methods of available studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Casilda Albert
- Institut Curie-Saint-Cloud, département de chirurgie, 35, rue Dailly, 92210 Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Ambre Tondreau
- Institut Curie-Saint-Cloud, département de chirurgie, 35, rue Dailly, 92210 Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Louise Maumy
- Institut Curie-Saint-Cloud, département de chirurgie, 35, rue Dailly, 92210 Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Roman Rouzier
- Institut François-Baclesse, département de chirurgie, 3, avenue du Général Harris, 14000 Caen, France; Inserm U900, Institut Curie, Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Claire Bonneau
- Institut Curie-Saint-Cloud, département de chirurgie, 35, rue Dailly, 92210 Saint-Cloud, France; Inserm U900, Institut Curie, Saint-Cloud, France.
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Ruiz TFR, Taboga SR, Leonel ECR. Molecular mechanisms of mammary gland remodeling: A review of the homeostatic versus bisphenol a disrupted microenvironment. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 105:1-16. [PMID: 34343637 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mammary gland (MG) undergoes critical points of structural changes throughout a woman's life. During the perinatal and pubertal stages, MG develops through growth and differentiation to establish a pre-mature feature. If pregnancy and lactation occur, the epithelial compartment branches and differentiates to create a specialized structure for milk secretion and nurturing of the newborn. However, the ultimate MG modification consists of a regression process aiming to reestablish the smaller and less energy demanding structure until another production cycle happens. The unraveling of these fascinating physiologic cycles has helped the scientific community elucidate aspects of molecular regulation of proliferative and apoptotic events and remodeling of the stromal compartment. However, greater understanding of the hormonal pathways involved in MG developmental stages led to concern that endocrine disruptors such as bisphenol A (BPA), may influence these specific development/involution stages, called "windows of susceptibility". Since it is used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, BPA is a ubiquitous chemical present in human everyday life, exerting an estrogenic effect. Thus, descriptions of its deleterious effects on the MG, especially in terms of serum hormone concentrations, hormonal receptor expression, molecular pathways, and epigenetic alterations, have been widely published. Therefore, allied to a didactic description of the main physiological mechanisms involved in different critical points of MG development, the current review provides a summary of key mechanisms by which the endocrine disruptor BPA impacts MG homeostasis at different windows of susceptibility, causing short- and long-term effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalles Fernando Rocha Ruiz
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São José Do Rio Preto, Brazil.
| | - Sebastião Roberto Taboga
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São José Do Rio Preto, Brazil.
| | - Ellen Cristina Rivas Leonel
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São José Do Rio Preto, Brazil; Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Goiânia, Brazil.
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Tavakkoli A, Abnous K, Vahdati Hassani F, Hosseinzadeh H, Birner-Gruenberger R, Mehri S. Alteration of protein profile in cerebral cortex of rats exposed to bisphenol a: a proteomics study. Neurotoxicology 2020; 78:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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de Aguiar Greca SC, Kyrou I, Pink R, Randeva H, Grammatopoulos D, Silva E, Karteris E. Involvement of the Endocrine-Disrupting Chemical Bisphenol A (BPA) in Human Placentation. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020405. [PMID: 32028606 PMCID: PMC7074564 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are environmental chemicals/toxicants that humans are exposed to, interfering with the action of multiple hormones. Bisphenol A (BPA) is classified as an EDC with xenoestrogenic activity with potentially adverse effects in reproduction. Currently, a significant knowledge gap remains regarding the complete spectrum of BPA-induced effects on the human placenta. As such, the present study examined the effects of physiologically relevant doses of BPA in vitro. Methods: qRT-PCR, Western blotting, immunofluorescence, ELISA, microarray analyses, and bioinformatics have been employed to study the effects of BPA using nonsyncytialised (non-ST) and syncytialised (ST) BeWo cells. Results: Treatment with 3 nM BPA led to an increase in cell number and altered the phosphorylation status of p38, an effect mediated primarily via the membrane-bound estrogen receptor (GPR30). Nonbiased microarray analysis identified 1195 and 477 genes that were differentially regulated in non-ST BeWo cells, whereas in ST BeWo cells, 309 and 158 genes had altered expression when treated with 3 and 10 nM, respectively. Enriched pathway analyses in non-ST BeWo identified a leptin and insulin overlap (3 nM), methylation pathways (10 nM), and differentiation of white and brown adipocytes (common). In the ST model, most significantly enriched were the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) pathway (3 nM) and mir-124 predicted interactions with cell cycle and differentiation (10 nM). Conclusion: Collectively, our data offer a new insight regarding BPA effects at the placental level, and provide a potential link with metabolic changes that can have an impact on the developing fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ioannis Kyrou
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK;
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- Institute of Precision Diagnostics and Translational Medicine, UHCW NHS Trust, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (H.R.); (D.G.)
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Ryan Pink
- Dept of Bio. & Med. Sci., Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK;
| | - Harpal Randeva
- Institute of Precision Diagnostics and Translational Medicine, UHCW NHS Trust, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (H.R.); (D.G.)
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Dimitris Grammatopoulos
- Institute of Precision Diagnostics and Translational Medicine, UHCW NHS Trust, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (H.R.); (D.G.)
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Elisabete Silva
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK;
- Correspondence: (E.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Emmanouil Karteris
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK;
- Correspondence: (E.S.); (E.K.)
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[Cancers and environmental exposures: Between uncertainties and certainties]. Bull Cancer 2019; 106:975-982. [PMID: 31607391 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2019.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
While improvements in the environment and living conditions have contributed to a significant increase in human longevity for over a century, the role of environmental factors in the occurrence of cancer has become a public health concern. It is recognized that a number of environmental factors such as environmental quality (air, water, soil), or environmental changes contribute to the occurrence of certain cancers. Despite this awareness, their potential impacts on health raise many scientific questions. The development of new methodological tools for the characterization of exposure, the study of the association between environmental agents and cancer through an exposure-cancer approach and the health impacts associated, have led to changes in scientific paradigms including the concept of exposome. This concept, at the heart of health and environmental issues, takes into account the determinants of health related to the quality of populations' living environments and provides assistance in public policy decision-making. Ultimately, the aim is to develop measures likely to reduce exposure and prevent health risks and damage to the most vulnerable populations, both in their physical environment and in their living environment, including the economic and social determinants.
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Murata M, Kang JH. Bisphenol A (BPA) and cell signaling pathways. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:311-327. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Vahdati Hassani F, Abnous K, Mehri S, Jafarian A, Birner-Gruenberger R, Yazdian Robati R, Hosseinzadeh H. Proteomics and phosphoproteomics analysis of liver in male rats exposed to bisphenol A: Mechanism of hepatotoxicity and biomarker discovery. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 112:26-38. [PMID: 29269058 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), discovered to be an artificial estrogen, has been shown to leach from some containers and mediate oxidative damage to cells and tissues and to be involved in reproductive disorders, obesity, diabetes, and liver dysfunction. In the current study, we investigated the effects of oral chronic exposure to low dose of BPA (0.5 mg kg-1) on the protein and phosphoprotein expression profiles in male Wistar rat liver using a gel-based proteomics approach based on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry identification. Our results showed that BPA exposure affected the levels of proteins and phosphoproteins involved in diverse biological processes associated with hepatotoxicity, fatty liver, and carcinoma. Moreover, we analyzed the effects of BPA on oxidative stress by assessing levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of lipid peroxidation, and reduced glutathione (GSH), a non-enzymatic antioxidant agent, in the liver. As expected BPA induced oxidative stress indicated by increased levels of MDA and decreased GSH content in the liver. In conclusion, chronic oral exposure of rats to BPA leads to increased oxidative stress in the liver and major alterations in the liver proteome and phosphoproteome, which may contribute to the pathophysiology of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Vahdati Hassani
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Soghra Mehri
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical, Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Amirhossein Jafarian
- Department of Pathology, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Ruth Birner-Gruenberger
- Medical University of Graz, Institute of Pathology, Research Unit Functional Proteomics and Metabolic Pathways, Stiftingtalstrasse 24, 8010 Graz, Austria; Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Rezvan Yazdian Robati
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical, Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Ryu DY, Rahman MS, Pang MG. Determination of Highly Sensitive Biological Cell Model Systems to Screen BPA-Related Health Hazards Using Pathway Studio. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091909. [PMID: 28878155 PMCID: PMC5618558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol-A (BPA) is a ubiquitous endocrine-disrupting chemical. Recently, many issues have arisen surrounding the disease pathogenesis of BPA. Therefore, several studies have been conducted to investigate the proteomic biomarkers of BPA that are associated with disease processes. However, studies on identifying highly sensitive biological cell model systems in determining BPA health risk are lacking. Here, we determined suitable cell model systems and potential biomarkers for predicting BPA-mediated disease using the bioinformatics tool Pathway Studio. We compiled known BPA-mediated diseases in humans, which were categorized into five major types. Subsequently, we investigated the differentially expressed proteins following BPA exposure in several cell types, and analyzed the efficacy of altered proteins to investigate their associations with BPA-mediated diseases. Our results demonstrated that colon cancer cells (SW480), mammary gland, and Sertoli cells were highly sensitive biological model systems, because of the efficacy of predicting the majority of BPA-mediated diseases. We selected glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1 (UQCRC1), and voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 (VDAC2) as highly sensitive biomarkers to predict BPA-mediated diseases. Furthermore, we summarized proteomic studies in spermatozoa following BPA exposure, which have recently been considered as another suitable cell type for predicting BPA-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Yeal Ryu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 456-756, Korea.
| | - Md Saidur Rahman
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 456-756, Korea.
| | - Myung-Geol Pang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 456-756, Korea.
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Gray JM, Rasanayagam S, Engel C, Rizzo J. State of the evidence 2017: an update on the connection between breast cancer and the environment. Environ Health 2017; 16:94. [PMID: 28865460 PMCID: PMC5581466 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-017-0287-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this review, we examine the continually expanding and increasingly compelling data linking radiation and various chemicals in our environment to the current high incidence of breast cancer. Singly and in combination, these toxicants may have contributed significantly to the increasing rates of breast cancer observed over the past several decades. Exposures early in development from gestation through adolescence and early adulthood are particularly of concern as they re-shape the program of genetic, epigenetic and physiological processes in the developing mammary system, leading to an increased risk for developing breast cancer. In the 8 years since we last published a comprehensive review of the relevant literature, hundreds of new papers have appeared supporting this link, and in this update, the evidence on this topic is more extensive and of better quality than that previously available. CONCLUSION Increasing evidence from epidemiological studies, as well as a better understanding of mechanisms linking toxicants with development of breast cancer, all reinforce the conclusion that exposures to these substances - many of which are found in common, everyday products and byproducts - may lead to increased risk of developing breast cancer. Moving forward, attention to methodological limitations, especially in relevant epidemiological and animal models, will need to be addressed to allow clearer and more direct connections to be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet M. Gray
- Department of Psychology and Program in Science, Technology, and Society, Vassar College, 124 Raymond Avenue, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604-0246 USA
| | - Sharima Rasanayagam
- Breast Cancer Prevention Partners, 1388 Sutter St., Suite 400, San Francisco, CA 94109-5400 USA
| | - Connie Engel
- Breast Cancer Prevention Partners, 1388 Sutter St., Suite 400, San Francisco, CA 94109-5400 USA
| | - Jeanne Rizzo
- Breast Cancer Prevention Partners, 1388 Sutter St., Suite 400, San Francisco, CA 94109-5400 USA
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12
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Gassman NR. Induction of oxidative stress by bisphenol A and its pleiotropic effects. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2017; 58:60-71. [PMID: 28181297 PMCID: PMC5458620 DOI: 10.1002/em.22072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) has become a target of intense public scrutiny since concerns about its association with human diseases such as obesity, diabetes, reproductive disorders, and cancer have emerged. BPA is a highly prevalent chemical in consumer products, and human exposure is thought to be ubiquitous. Numerous studies have demonstrated its endocrine disrupting properties and attributed exposure with cytotoxic, genotoxic, and carcinogenic effects; however, the results of these studies are still highly debated and a consensus about BPA's safety and its role in human disease has not been reached. One of the contributing factors is a lack of molecular mechanisms or modes of action that explain the diverse and pleiotropic effects observed after BPA exposure. The increase in BPA research seen over the last ten years has resulted in more studies that examine molecular mechanisms and revealed links between BPA-induced oxidative stress and human disease. Here, a review of the current literature examining BPA exposure and the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or oxidative stress will be provided to examine the landscape of the current BPA literature and provide a framework for understanding how induction of oxidative stress by BPA may contribute to the pleiotropic effects observed after exposure. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 58:60-71, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie R Gassman
- University of South Alabama Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, Alabama, 36604-1405
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Xu J, Huang G, Guo TL. Developmental Bisphenol A Exposure Modulates Immune-Related Diseases. TOXICS 2016; 4:toxics4040023. [PMID: 29051427 PMCID: PMC5606650 DOI: 10.3390/toxics4040023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), used in polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, has a widespread exposure to humans. BPA is of concern for developmental exposure resulting in immunomodulation and disease development due to its ability to cross the placental barrier and presence in breast milk. BPA can use various mechanisms to modulate the immune system and affect diseases, including agonistic and antagonistic effects on many receptors (e.g., estrogen receptors), epigenetic modifications, acting on cell signaling pathways and, likely, the gut microbiome. Immune cell populations and function from the innate and adaptive immune system are altered by developmental BPA exposure, including decreased T regulatory (Treg) cells and upregulated pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Developmental BPA exposure can also contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, allergy, asthma and mammary cancer disease by altering immune function. Multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes mellitus may also be exacerbated by BPA, although more research is needed. Additionally, BPA analogs, such as bisphenol S (BPS), have been increasing in use, and currently, little is known about their immune effects. Therefore, more studies should be conducted to determine if developmental exposure BPA and its analogs modulate immune responses and lead to immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joella Xu
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-7382, USA.
| | - Guannan Huang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-7382, USA.
| | - Tai L Guo
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-7382, USA.
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Yan Q, Tang S, Tan Z, Han X, Zhou C, Kang J, Wang M. Proteomic Analysis of Isolated Plasma Membrane Fractions from the Mammary Gland in Lactating Cows. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:7388-7398. [PMID: 26237224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The mammary gland of dairy cows is a formidable lipid-synthesizing machine for lactation. This unique function depends on the activities of plasma membrane (PM) proteins in mammary cells. Little information is known about the expression profiles of PM proteins and their functions during the lactating process. This study investigated the proteome map of PM fractions of mammary gland in lactating cows using 1D-Gel-LC-MS/MS and identified 872 nonredundant proteins with 141 unknown proteins, wherein 215 were PM-associated proteins. Most of the PM-associated proteins were binding, transport, and catalytic proteins such as annexin proteins, heat shock proteins, integrins, RAS oncogene family members, and S100 calcium binding proteins. The PM-associated pathways such as caveolae-mediated endocytosis, leukocyte extravasation, aldosterone signaling in epithelial cells, and remodeling of epithelial adherens junctions were also significantly over-represented. Proteomic analysis revealed the characteristics and predicted functions of PM proteins isolated from the lactating bovine mammary gland. These results further provide experimental evidence for the presence of many proteins predicted in the annotated bovine genome. The data generated here also provide a reference for the PM-related functional research in the mammary gland of lactating cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongxian Yan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha, Hunan 410125, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoxun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha, Hunan 410125, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiliang Tan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha, Hunan 410125, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Han
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha, Hunan 410125, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanshe Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha, Hunan 410125, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhe Kang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha, Hunan 410125, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha, Hunan 410125, People's Republic of China
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15
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Signaling related with biphasic effects of bisphenol A (BPA) on Sertoli cell proliferation: A comparative proteomic analysis. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:2663-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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16
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Chen ZJ, Yang XL, Liu H, Wei W, Zhang KS, Huang HB, Giesy JP, Liu HL, Du J, Wang HS. Bisphenol A modulates colorectal cancer protein profile and promotes the metastasis via induction of epithelial to mesenchymal transitions. Arch Toxicol 2014; 89:1371-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1301-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Betancourt A, Mobley J, Wang J, Jenkins S, Chen D, Kojima K, Russo J, Lamartiniere CA. Alterations in the rat serum proteome induced by prepubertal exposure to bisphenol a and genistein. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:1502-14. [PMID: 24552547 PMCID: PMC3993963 DOI: 10.1021/pr401027q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to an array of chemicals via the food, drink and air, including a significant number that can mimic endogenous hormones. One such chemical is Bisphenol A (BPA), a synthetic chemical that has been shown to cause developmental alterations and to predispose for mammary cancer in rodent models. In contrast, the phytochemical genistein has been reported to suppress chemically induced mammary cancer in rodents, and Asians ingesting a diet high in soy containing genistein have lower incidence of breast and prostate cancers. In this study, we sought to: (1) identify protein biomarkers of susceptibility from blood sera of rats exposed prepubertally to BPA or genistein using Isobaric Tandem Mass Tags quantitative mass spectrometry (TMT-MS) combined with MudPIT technology and, (2) explore the relevance of these proteins to carcinogenesis. Prepubertal exposures to BPA and genistein resulted in altered expression of 63 and 28 proteins in rat sera at postnatal day (PND) 21, and of 9 and 18 proteins in sera at PND35, respectively. This study demonstrates the value of using quantitative proteomic techniques to explore the effect of chemical exposure on the rat serum proteome and its potential for unraveling cellular targets altered by BPA and genistein involved in carcinogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Anticarcinogenic Agents/pharmacology
- Benzhydryl Compounds/pharmacology
- Blood Proteins/analysis
- Blood Proteins/genetics
- Blood Proteins/metabolism
- Carcinogenesis/genetics
- Carcinogens/pharmacology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Genistein/pharmacology
- Humans
- Lactation/drug effects
- Mammary Glands, Animal/drug effects
- Mammary Glands, Animal/metabolism
- Mammary Glands, Animal/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/blood
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/chemically induced
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/pathology
- Maternal Exposure
- Molecular Sequence Annotation
- Phenols/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Betancourt
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University
of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1670 University Boulevard, Volker Hall 241, Birmingham 35294, Alabama, United States
| | - James
A. Mobley
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1824 6th Avenue South, Wallace Tumor
Institute
202, Birmingham 35294, Alabama, United States
- Department of Surgery, University
of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1530 3rd Avenue South, BDB 502, Birmingham 35294, Alabama, United States
| | - Jun Wang
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University
of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1670 University Boulevard, Volker Hall 241, Birmingham 35294, Alabama, United States
| | - Sarah Jenkins
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University
of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1670 University Boulevard, Volker Hall 241, Birmingham 35294, Alabama, United States
| | - Dongquan Chen
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1824 6th Avenue South, Wallace Tumor
Institute
202, Birmingham 35294, Alabama, United States
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Medical Towers, MT-621, 1720 2nd
Ave South, Birmingham 35294, Alabama, United States
| | - Kyoko Kojima
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1824 6th Avenue South, Wallace Tumor
Institute
202, Birmingham 35294, Alabama, United States
| | - Jose Russo
- Breast Cancer Research Laboratory, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, United States
| | - Coral A. Lamartiniere
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University
of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1670 University Boulevard, Volker Hall 241, Birmingham 35294, Alabama, United States
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1824 6th Avenue South, Wallace Tumor
Institute
202, Birmingham 35294, Alabama, United States
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18
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Yoon K, Kwack SJ, Kim HS, Lee BM. Estrogenic endocrine-disrupting chemicals: molecular mechanisms of actions on putative human diseases. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2014; 17:127-74. [PMID: 24749480 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2014.882194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC), including phthalates, bisphenol A (BPA), phytoestrogens such as genistein and daidzein, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), are associated with a variety of adverse health effects in organisms or progeny by altering the endocrine system. Environmental estrogens, including BPA, phthalates, and phytoestrogens, are the most extensively studied and are considered to mimic the actions of endogenous estrogen, 17β-estradiol (E2). Diverse modes of action of estrogen and estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) have been described, but the mode of action of estrogenic EDC is postulated to be more complex and needs to be more clearly elucidated. This review examines the adverse effects of estrogenic EDC on male or female reproductive systems and molecular mechanisms underlying EDC effects that modulate ER-mediated signaling. Mechanisms of action for estrogenic EDC may involve both ER-dependent and ER-independent pathways. Recent findings from systems toxicology of examining estrogenic EDC are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungsil Yoon
- a Lung Cancer Branch , Research Institute, National Cancer Center , Goyang , Gyeonggi-do , South Korea
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19
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Kovanecz I, Gelfand R, Masouminia M, Gharib S, Segura D, Vernet D, Rajfer J, Li DK, Liao CY, Kannan K, Gonzalez-Cadavid NF. Chronic high dose intraperitoneal bisphenol A (BPA) induces substantial histological and gene expression alterations in rat penile tissue without impairing erectile function. J Sex Med 2013; 10:2952-66. [PMID: 24134786 PMCID: PMC4038545 DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bisphenol A (BPA), released from plastics and dental sealants, is a suspected endocrine disruptor and reproductive toxicant. In occupationally exposed workers, BPA has been associated with erectile dysfunction (ED). AIMS To determine whether long-term exposure to high doses of BPA in the rat affects serum levels of testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2), and induces corporal histopathology and resultant ED. METHODS Young rats were injected intraperitoneal (IP) injection daily with BPA at 25 mg/kg/day or vehicle (n = 8/group). Erectile function was measured at 3 months by cavernosometry and electrical field stimulation (EFS). BPA was assayed in serum, urine, and penile tissue, and serum T and E2 were determined. Quantitative Masson trichrome, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling, Oil Red O, immunohistochemistry for calponin, α-smooth muscle actin, and Oct 4 were applied to penile tissue sections. Protein markers were assessed by Western blots and 2-D minigels, and RNA by DNA microarrays. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Erectile function, histological, and biochemical markers in corporal tissue. RESULTS In the BPA-treated rats, total and free BPA levels were increased in the serum, urine, and penile tissue while serum T and E2 levels were reduced. In addition, the corpora cavernosa demonstrated a reduction in smooth muscle (SM) content, SM/collagen ratio, together with an increase in myofibroblasts, fat deposits, and apoptosis, but no significant change in collagen content or stem cells (nuclear/perinuclear Oct 4). In the penile shaft, BPA induced a downregulation of Nanog (stem cells), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nitrergic terminals), and vascular endothelial growth factor (angiogenesis), with genes related to SM tone and cytoskeleton upregulated 5- to 50-fold, accompanied by changes in the multiple protein profile. However, both cavernosometry and EFS were unaltered by BPA. CONCLUSIONS While rats treated chronically with a high IP dose of BPA developed hypogonadism and a corporal histo- and molecular-pathology usually associated with ED, no changes were detected in erectile function as measured by EFS and cavernosometry. Further studies using alternate routes of BPA administration with various doses and length of exposure are needed to expand these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Istvan Kovanecz
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert Gelfand
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Maryam Masouminia
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Sahir Gharib
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Denesse Segura
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Dolores Vernet
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Jacob Rajfer
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - De-Kun Li
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA, USA
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chun Yang Liao
- New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | | | - Nestor F. Gonzalez-Cadavid
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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20
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Janjanam J, Jamwal M, Singh S, Kumar S, Panigrahi AK, Hariprasad G, Jena MK, Anand V, Kumar S, Kaushik JK, Dang AK, Mukesh M, Mishra BP, Srinivasan A, Reddy VS, Mohanty AK. Proteome analysis of functionally differentiated bovine (Bos indicus
) mammary epithelial cells isolated from milk. Proteomics 2013; 13:3189-204. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201300031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jagadeesh Janjanam
- Animal Biotechnology Center, National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI); Karnal India
| | - Manu Jamwal
- Animal Biotechnology Center, National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI); Karnal India
| | - Surender Singh
- Animal Biotechnology Center, National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI); Karnal India
| | - Saravanan Kumar
- Plant Transformation Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB); New Delhi India
| | - Aswini K. Panigrahi
- Biosciences Core Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Gururao Hariprasad
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS); New Delhi India
| | - Manoj K. Jena
- Animal Biotechnology Center, National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI); Karnal India
| | - Vijay Anand
- Animal Biotechnology Center, National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI); Karnal India
| | - Sudarshan Kumar
- Animal Biotechnology Center, National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI); Karnal India
| | - Jai K. Kaushik
- Animal Biotechnology Center, National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI); Karnal India
| | - Ajay K. Dang
- Animal Biotechnology Center, National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI); Karnal India
| | - Manishi Mukesh
- DNA Fingerprinting Unit, National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources (NBAGR); Karnal India
| | - Bishnu P. Mishra
- DNA Fingerprinting Unit, National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources (NBAGR); Karnal India
| | - Alagiri Srinivasan
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS); New Delhi India
| | - Vanga S. Reddy
- Plant Transformation Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB); New Delhi India
| | - Ashok K. Mohanty
- Animal Biotechnology Center, National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI); Karnal India
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21
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Soto AM, Brisken C, Schaeberle C, Sonnenschein C. Does cancer start in the womb? altered mammary gland development and predisposition to breast cancer due to in utero exposure to endocrine disruptors. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2013; 18:199-208. [PMID: 23702822 PMCID: PMC3933259 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-013-9293-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We are now witnessing a resurgence of theories of development and carcinogenesis in which the environment is again being accepted as a major player in phenotype determination. Perturbations in the fetal environment predispose an individual to disease that only becomes apparent in adulthood. For example, gestational exposure to diethylstilbestrol resulted in clear cell carcinoma of the vagina and breast cancer. In this review the effects of the endocrine disruptor bisphenol-A (BPA) on mammary development and tumorigenesis in rodents is used as a paradigmatic example of how altered prenatal mammary development may lead to breast cancer in humans who are also widely exposed to it through plastic goods, food and drink packaging, and thermal paper receipts. Changes in the stroma and its extracellular matrix led to altered ductal morphogenesis. Additionally, gestational and lactational exposure to BPA increased the sensitivity of rats and mice to mammotropic hormones during puberty and beyond, thus suggesting a plausible explanation for the increased incidence of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Soto
- Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, USA
- Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cathrin Brisken
- Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, ISREC - Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, NCCR Molecular Oncology, SV2832 Station 19, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cheryl Schaeberle
- Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carlos Sonnenschein
- Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, USA
- Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue Boston, MA, USA
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22
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Vandenberg LN, Schaeberle CM, Rubin BS, Sonnenschein C, Soto AM. The male mammary gland: a target for the xenoestrogen bisphenol A. Reprod Toxicol 2013; 37:15-23. [PMID: 23348055 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Males of some strains of mice retain their mammary epithelium even in the absence of nipples. Here, we have characterized the mammary gland in male CD-1 mice both in whole mounts and histological sections. We also examined the effects of bisphenol A (BPA), an estrogen mimic that alters development of the female mouse mammary gland. BPA was administered at a range of environmentally relevant doses (0.25-250μg/kg/day) to pregnant and lactating mice and then the mammary glands of male offspring were examined at several periods in adulthood. We observed age- and dose-specific effects on mammary gland morphology, indicating that perinatal BPA exposures alter the male mammary gland in adulthood. These results may provide insight into gynecomastia, the most common male breast disease in humans, where proliferation of the mammary epithelium leads to breast enlargement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura N Vandenberg
- Tufts University, Department of Biology, and Center for Regenerative & Developmental Biology, 200 Boston Avenue, Suite 4600, Medford, MA 02155, United States
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23
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Hoffman B, Liebermann DA. Gadd45 in modulation of solid tumors and leukemia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 793:21-33. [PMID: 24104471 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8289-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The stress response gadd45 gene family participates in cell cycle control, cell survival, apoptosis, maintenance of genomic stability, DNA repair, and active DNA demethylation, in response to environmental and physiological stress including oncogenic stress. Given these diverse functions, it is anticipated that gadd45 genes can influence the initiation and progression of malignancy and the response to different treatments. This chapter will provide an overview of how the different members of the gadd45 gene family are expressed in different tumors and leukemia, how this may impact on progression of disease, and what happens when expression is manipulated. Studies from human tumor/leukemia samples, cell lines, and animal models are included in this review. An overriding theme is that each of the gadd45 genes has both tumor suppressor and tumor promoter functions, dependent on the tissue/cell type and transforming event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Hoffman
- Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA,
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24
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Identification of DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) as a novel target of bisphenol A. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50481. [PMID: 23227178 PMCID: PMC3515620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) forms the backbone of plastics and epoxy resins used to produce packaging for various foods and beverages. BPA is also an estrogenic disruptor, interacting with human estrogen receptors (ER) and other related nuclear receptors. Nevertheless, the effects of BPA on human health remain unclear. The present study identified DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) as a novel BPA-binding protein. DNA-PKcs, in association with the Ku heterodimer (Ku70/80), is a critical enzyme involved in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Low levels of DNA-PK activity are previously reported to be associated with an increased risk of certain types of cancer. Although the Kd for the interaction between BPA and a drug-binding mutant of DNA-PKcs was comparatively low (137 nM), high doses of BPA were required before cellular effects were observed (100–300 μM). The results of an in vitro kinase assay showed that BPA inhibited DNA-PK kinase activity in a concentration-dependent manner. In M059K cells, BPA inhibited the phosphorylation of DNA-PKcs at Ser2056 and H2AX at Ser139 in response to ionizing radiation (IR)-irradiation. BPA also disrupted DNA-PKcs binding to Ku70/80 and increased the radiosensitivity of M059K cells, but not M059J cells (which are DNA-PKcs-deficient). Taken together, these results provide new evidence of the effects of BPA on DNA repair in mammalian cells, which are mediated via inhibition of DNA-PK activity. This study may warrant the consideration of the possible carcinogenic effects of high doses of BPA, which are mediated through its action on DNA-PK.
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25
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Signorelli F, Francesca Cifuni G, Miarelli M. Differentially expressed mammary proteins during lactation in dairy sheep. Livest Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2012.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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26
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Vandenberg LN, Colborn T, Hayes TB, Heindel JJ, Jacobs DR, Lee DH, Shioda T, Soto AM, vom Saal FS, Welshons WV, Zoeller RT, Myers JP. Hormones and endocrine-disrupting chemicals: low-dose effects and nonmonotonic dose responses. Endocr Rev 2012; 33:378-455. [PMID: 22419778 PMCID: PMC3365860 DOI: 10.1210/er.2011-1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1986] [Impact Index Per Article: 165.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
For decades, studies of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have challenged traditional concepts in toxicology, in particular the dogma of "the dose makes the poison," because EDCs can have effects at low doses that are not predicted by effects at higher doses. Here, we review two major concepts in EDC studies: low dose and nonmonotonicity. Low-dose effects were defined by the National Toxicology Program as those that occur in the range of human exposures or effects observed at doses below those used for traditional toxicological studies. We review the mechanistic data for low-dose effects and use a weight-of-evidence approach to analyze five examples from the EDC literature. Additionally, we explore nonmonotonic dose-response curves, defined as a nonlinear relationship between dose and effect where the slope of the curve changes sign somewhere within the range of doses examined. We provide a detailed discussion of the mechanisms responsible for generating these phenomena, plus hundreds of examples from the cell culture, animal, and epidemiology literature. We illustrate that nonmonotonic responses and low-dose effects are remarkably common in studies of natural hormones and EDCs. Whether low doses of EDCs influence certain human disorders is no longer conjecture, because epidemiological studies show that environmental exposures to EDCs are associated with human diseases and disabilities. We conclude that when nonmonotonic dose-response curves occur, the effects of low doses cannot be predicted by the effects observed at high doses. Thus, fundamental changes in chemical testing and safety determination are needed to protect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura N Vandenberg
- Tufts University, Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, 200 Boston Avenue, Suite 4600, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA.
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27
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Jenkins S, Betancourt AM, Wang J, Lamartiniere CA. Endocrine-active chemicals in mammary cancer causation and prevention. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2012; 129:191-200. [PMID: 21729753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Revised: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-active chemicals alter or mimic physiological hormones. These compounds are reported to originate from a wide variety of sources, and recent studies have shown widespread human exposure to several of these compounds. Given the role of the sex steroid hormone, estradiol, in human breast cancer causation, endocrine-active chemicals which interfere with estrogen signaling constitute one potential factor contributing to the high incidence of breast cancer. Thus, the aim of this review is to examine several common endocrine-active chemicals and their respective roles in breast cancer causation or prevention. The plastic component, bisphenol A (BPA), the synthetic estrogen, diethylstilbestrol (DES), the by-product of organic combustion, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), the soy component, genistein, and the red grape phytoalexin, resveratrol, have some degree of structural similarities to each other and estradiol. However, despite these structural similarities, the in vitro and in vivo properties of each of these chemicals vary greatly in terms of breast cancer causation and prevention. Early life exposure to BPA and DES increases rodent susceptibility to chemically induced mammary carcinogenesis, presumably through retardation of normal mammary gland maturation and/or disrupting the ratio of cell proliferation and apoptosis in the mammary gland. On the other hand, early exposures to genistein and resveratrol protect rodents against chemically induced and spontaneous mammary cancers. This is reported to occur through the ability of genistein and resveratrol to accelerate mammary gland maturation. Interestingly, TCDD, which is the most structurally dissimilar to the above chemicals and functions as an anti-estrogen, also increases chemically induced mammary carcinogenesis through retardation of mammary gland maturation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Endocrine disruptors'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jenkins
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Durando M, Kass L, Perdomo V, Bosquiazzo VL, Luque EH, Muñoz-de-Toro M. Prenatal exposure to bisphenol A promotes angiogenesis and alters steroid-mediated responses in the mammary glands of cycling rats. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 127:35-43. [PMID: 21513798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Revised: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to BPA disturbs mammary gland histoarchitecture and increases the carcinogenic susceptibility to chemical challenges administered long after BPA exposure. Our aim was to assess the effect of prenatal BPA exposure on mammary gland angiogenesis and steroid hormone pathways in virgin cycling rats. Pregnant Wistar rats were exposed to either 25 or 250 g/kg/day (25 and 250 BPA, respectively) or to vehicle. Female offspring were autopsied on postnatal day (PND) 50 or 110. Ovarian steroid serum levels, the expression of steroid receptors and their co-regulators SRC-3 and SMRT in the mammary gland, and angiogenesis were evaluated. At PND 50, all BPA-treated animals had lower serum levels of progesterone, while estradiol levels remained unchanged. The higher dose of BPA increased mammary ERα and decreased SRC-3 expression at PND 50 and PND 110. SMRT protein levels were similar among groups at PND 50, whereas at PND 110, animals exposed to 250 BPA showed a lower SMRT expression. Interestingly, in the control and 25 BPA groups, SMRT increased from PND 50 to PND 110. At PND 50, an increased vascular area associated with higher VEGF expression was observed in the 250 BPA-treated rats. At PND 110, the vascular area was still increased, but VEGF expression was similar to that of control rats. The present results demonstrate that prenatal exposure to BPA alters the endocrine environment of the mammary gland and its angiogenic process. Increased angiogenesis and altered steroid hormone signals could explain the higher frequency of pre-neoplastic lesions found later in life. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Endocrine disruptors'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Durando
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología y Tumores Hormonodependientes, School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
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Wang ZC, E D, Batu DL, Saixi YL, Zhang B, Ren LQ. 2D-DIGE proteomic analysis of changes in estrogen/progesterone-induced rat breast hyperplasia upon treatment with the Mongolian remedy RuXian-I. Molecules 2011; 16:3048-65. [PMID: 21478820 PMCID: PMC6260641 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16043048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Revised: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
RuXian-I has traditionally been used as a remedy for breast hyperplasia in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China. As a first step toward the investigation of biomarkers associated with RuXian-I treatment, a proteome-wide analysis of rat breast tissue was conducted. First, rat breast hyperplasia was induced by injection of estradiol and progesterone. After treatment with RuXian-I, there is a marked decrease in the hyperplasia, as can be shown by decreases in the nipple diameter and the pathological changes in breast. Subsequently, we used an approach that integrates size-based 2D-DIGE, MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS, and bioinformatics to analyze data from the control group, the model group and the RuXian-I treatment group. Using this approach, seventeen affected proteins were identified. Among these, 15 (including annexin A1, annexin A2, superoxide dismutase [Mn], peroxiredoxin-1, translationally-controlled tumor protein and α B-crystallin) were significantly up-regulated in the model group and down-regulated upon treatment with RuXian-I, and two (Tpil protein and myosin-4) have the opposite change trend. The expression of annexin A1 was confirmed using immunohistochemistry. The expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was confirmed biochemically. These results indicated that RuXian-I treats rat breast hyperplasia through regulation of cell cycle, immune system, metabolic, signal transduction, etc. The differential expressions of these proteins (annexin A1, superoxide dismutase [Mn], alpha B-crystallins and translationally controlled tumor protein, among others) were associated with occurrence and metastasis of breast cancer. These findings might provide not only far-reaching valuable insights into the mechanism of RuXian-I action, but also leads for prognosis and diagnosis of breast hyperplasia and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Chao Wang
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Du E
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Institute of Mongolia and Western Medicinal treatment, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - De-Ligen Batu
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Institute of Mongolia and Western Medicinal treatment, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Ya-Latu Saixi
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Institute of Mongolia and Western Medicinal treatment, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Institute of Mongolia and Western Medicinal treatment, Tongliao 028000, China
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; (B.Z.); (L.-Q.R.); Tel.: +86-475-8267818 (B.Z.); +86-431-85619702 (L.-Q.R.); Fax: +86-475-8267813(B.Z.); +86-431-85619252(L.-Q.R.)
| | - Li-Qun Ren
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; (B.Z.); (L.-Q.R.); Tel.: +86-475-8267818 (B.Z.); +86-431-85619702 (L.-Q.R.); Fax: +86-475-8267813(B.Z.); +86-431-85619252(L.-Q.R.)
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Effect of bisphenol-A on the expression of selected genes involved in cell cycle and apoptosis in the OVCAR-3 cell line. Toxicol Lett 2011; 202:30-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Lamartiniere CA, Jenkins S, Betancourt AM, Wang J, Russo J. Exposure to the Endocrine Disruptor Bisphenol A Alters Susceptibility for Mammary Cancer. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2011; 5:45-52. [PMID: 21687816 PMCID: PMC3115692 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci.2010.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetically made chemical used in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Recent studies have shown over ninety percent of humans investigated have detectable BPA concentrations. Yet, the biggest concern for BPA is exposure during early development because BPA has been shown to bind to the estrogen receptors (ER) and cause developmental and reproductive toxicity. We have investigated the potential of perinatal BPA to alter susceptibility for chemically-induced mammary cancer in rats. We demonstrate that prepubertal exposure to low concentrations of orally administered BPA given to lactating dams resulted in a significantly decreased tumor latency and increased tumor multiplicity in the dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) model of rodent mammary carcinogenesis. Our data suggested that the mechanism of action behind this carcinogenic response was mediated through increased cell proliferation, decreased apoptosis, and centered on an up-regulation of steroid receptor coactivators (SRCs) 1-3, erbB3, and increased Akt signaling in the mammary gland.Also, we demonstrate that prenatal exposure to BPA shifts the time of susceptibility from 50 days to 100 days for chemically-induced mammary carcinogenesis. Proteomic data suggest that prenatal BPA exposure alters the expression of several proteins involved in regulating protein metabolism, signal transduction, developmental processes, and cell cycle and proliferation. Increases in ER-alpha, SRCs 1-3, Bcl-2, epidermal growth factor-receptor (EGFR), phospho-IGF-1R, phospho-c-Raf, phospho-ERKs 1/2, phospho-ErbB2 and phospho-Akt are accompanied by increase in cell proliferation. We conclude that exposure to low concentrations of BPA during the prenatal and early postnatal periods of life can predispose for chemically-induced mammary cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coral A. Lamartiniere
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sarah Jenkins
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Angela M. Betancourt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jose Russo
- Breast Cancer Research Laboratory, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
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Abstract
Exposure to environmental chemicals and other environmental stressors have health impacts on the fetus that may not be apparent until later in life. The concept of developmental origins of disease should be expanded to include these early life exposures in addition to the effects of nutrition and maternal factors. This paper will describe the toxicological, biological and epidemiological issues that are pertinent to conducting research on environmental exposures early in life and their health consequences over the life span.
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Endocrine disrupters—A threat to women's health? Maturitas 2011; 68:111-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2010.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Revised: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Moral R, Santucci-Pereira J, Wang R, Russo IH, Lamartiniere CA, Russo J. In utero exposure to butyl benzyl phthalate induces modifications in the morphology and the gene expression profile of the mammary gland: an experimental study in rats. Environ Health 2011; 10:5. [PMID: 21241498 PMCID: PMC3033239 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-10-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental estrogens are exogenous estrogen-mimicking compounds that can interfere with endogenous endocrine systems. Several of these endocrine disruptors have been shown to alter normal development and influence tumorigenesis in experimental models. N-butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), a widely used plasticizer, is a well-known endocrine disruptor. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of prenatal exposure to BBP on the morphology, proliferative index, and genomic signature of the rat mammary gland at different ages. METHODS In utero exposure was performed by gavage of pregnant Sprague Dawley CD rats with 120mg or 500mg BBP/kg/day from day 10 post-conception to delivery. Female litters were euthanized at 21, 35, 50 and 100 days. The morphology and proliferative index of the mammary gland were studied from whole mount preparations and BrdU incorporation, respectively. Gene expression profile was assessed by microarrays. Several genes found differentially expressed and related to different functional categories were further validated by real time RT-PCR. RESULTS Prenatal exposure of BBP induced delayed vaginal opening and changes in the post-natal mammary gland long after the end of the treatment, mainly by 35 days of age. Exposure to the high dose resulted in modifications in architecture and proliferative index of the mammary gland, mostly affecting the undifferentiated terminal end buds. Moreover, the expression profiles of this gland in the exposed rats were modified in a dose-dependent fashion. Analysis of functional categories showed that modified genes were related to immune function, cell signaling, proliferation and differentiation, or metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that in utero exposure to BBP induced a delayed pubertal onset and modified morphology of the mammary gland. These alterations were accompanied by modifications in gene expression previously associated with an increased susceptibility to carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Moral
- Breast Cancer Research Laboratory, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Medicine School, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | | | - Richard Wang
- Breast Cancer Research Laboratory, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Irma H Russo
- Breast Cancer Research Laboratory, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Coral A Lamartiniere
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jose Russo
- Breast Cancer Research Laboratory, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
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Betancourt AM, Eltoum IA, Desmond RA, Russo J, Lamartiniere CA. In utero exposure to bisphenol A shifts the window of susceptibility for mammary carcinogenesis in the rat. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2010; 118:1614-9. [PMID: 20675265 PMCID: PMC2974702 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1002148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Revised: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA) is a ubiquitous environmental chemical with reported endocrine-disrupting properties. OBJECTIVE Our goal in this study was to determine whether prenatal exposure to BPA predisposes the adult rat mammary gland to carcinogenesis. METHODS Pregnant rats were treated orally with 0, 25, or 250 microg BPA/kg body weight (BW) from gestation day (GD) 10 to GD21. For tumorigenesis experiments, prenatally exposed female offspring received a single gavage of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA; 30 mg/kg BW) on postnatal day (PND) 50, or PND100. RESULTS Prenatal exposure of the dam to 250 microg BPA/kg BW combined with a single exposure of female offspring to DMBA on PND100, but not on PND50, significantly increased tumor incidence while decreasing tumor latency compared with the control group. Prenatal exposure of the dam to 250 microg BPA/kg BW, in the absence of DMBA to the female offspring, increased cell proliferation and elicited differential effects at the protein level at PND100 compared with PND50. Differentially regulated proteins in the mammary gland included estrogen receptor-alpha, progesterone receptor-A, Bcl-2, steroid receptor coactivators, epidermal growth factor receptor, phospho-insulinlike growth factor 1 receptor, and phospho-Raf. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that oral prenatal exposure to BPA increases mammary cancer susceptibility in offspring and shifts the window of susceptibility for DMBA-induced tumorigenesis in the rat mammary gland from PND50 to PND100. These changes are accompanied by differential effects of prenatal BPA exposure on the expression of key proteins involved in cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isam A. Eltoum
- UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Pathology and
| | - Renee A. Desmond
- UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jose Russo
- Breast Cancer Research Laboratory, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Coral A. Lamartiniere
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Address correspondence to C.A. Lamartiniere, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University Blvd., Volker Hall L106, Birmingham AL 35294 USA. Telephone: (205) 934-7139. Fax: (205) 934-8240. E-mail:
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Scientific Opinion on Bisphenol A: evaluation of a study investigating its neurodevelopmental toxicity, review of recent scientific literature on its toxicity and advice on the Danish risk assessment of Bisphenol A. EFSA J 2010. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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