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Yi SW, Lee HG, Kim E, Jung YH, Bok EY, Cho A, Do YJ, So KM, Hur TY, Oh SI. Gut microbiota alteration with growth performance, histopathological lesions, and immune responses in Salmonella Typhimurium-infected weaned piglets. Vet Anim Sci 2023; 22:100324. [PMID: 38125715 PMCID: PMC10730377 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2023.100324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Typhimurium can cause gastroenteritis in weaned piglets, which are particularly vulnerable to dietary changes and dysfunction of their immature organs. The colonization of S. Typhimurium could disrupt the gut microbiota and increase susceptibility to the bacterium. This study aimed to investigate the alterations of gut microbiota in S. Typhimurium-infected weaned piglets. Ten 49-day-old pigs were divided into two groups: S. Typhimurium-inoculated (ST, n = 6) and negative control (NC, n = 4) groups. The body weight and S. Typhimurium fecal shedding were monitored for 14 days after S. Typhimurium inoculation (dpi). The intestinal tissues were collected at 14 dpi; histopathological lesions and cytokine gene expression were evaluated. The gut microbiome composition and short-chain fatty acid concentrations were analyzed in fecal samples collected at 14 dpi. The average daily gain and gut microbiota alpha diversity in ST group tended to be lower than NC group at 14 dpi. Linear discriminant analysis effect size results showed a significant increase in the abundance of two genera and five species, while a significant decrease was observed in the five genera and nine species within the gut microbiota of ST group. Among the significantly less abundant bacteria in the ST group, Lachnospira eligens and Anaerobium acetethylicum produce acetate and butyrate, and may be considered as key S. Typhimurium infection-preventing bacteria. The overall results provide invaluable information about changes in the gut microbiota of S. Typhimurium-infected weaned piglets, which can be used to develop alternative measures to antibiotics and prevent ST bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Won Yi
- Division of Animal Diseases & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do 55365, South Korea
| | - Han Gyu Lee
- Division of Animal Diseases & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do 55365, South Korea
| | - Eunju Kim
- Division of Animal Diseases & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do 55365, South Korea
| | - Young-Hun Jung
- Division of Animal Diseases & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do 55365, South Korea
| | - Eun-Yeong Bok
- Division of Animal Diseases & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do 55365, South Korea
| | - Ara Cho
- Division of Animal Diseases & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do 55365, South Korea
| | - Yoon Jung Do
- Division of Animal Diseases & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do 55365, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Min So
- Division of Animal Diseases & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do 55365, South Korea
| | - Tai-Young Hur
- Division of Animal Diseases & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do 55365, South Korea
| | - Sang-Ik Oh
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology and Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54596, South Korea
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Inflammatory Responses Induced by the Monophasic Variant of Salmonella Typhimurium in Pigs Play a Role in the High Shedder Phenotype and Fecal Microbiota Composition. mSystems 2023; 8:e0085222. [PMID: 36629432 PMCID: PMC9948705 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00852-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pigs infected with Salmonella may excrete large amounts of Salmonella, increasing the risk of spread of this pathogen in the food chain. Identifying Salmonella high shedder pigs is therefore required to mitigate this risk. We analyzed immune-associated markers and composition of the gut microbiota in specific-pathogen-free pigs presenting different shedding levels after an oral infection with Salmonella. Immune response was studied through total blood cell counts, production of anti-Salmonella antibodies and cytokines, and gene expression quantification. Total Salmonella shedding for each pig was estimated and hierarchical clustering was used to cluster pigs into high, intermediate, and low shedders. Gut microbiota compositions were assessed using 16S rRNA microbial community profiling. Comparisons were made between control and inoculated pigs, then between high and low shedders pigs. Prior to infection, high shedders had similar immunological profiles compared to low shedders. As soon as 1 day postinoculation (dpi), significant differences on the cytokine production level and on the expression level of several host genes related to a proinflammatory response were observed between high and low shedders. Infection with Salmonella induced an early and profound remodeling of the immune response in all pigs, but the intensity of the response was stronger in high shedders. In contrast, low shedders seroconverted earlier than high shedders. Just after induction of the proinflammatory response (at 2 dpi), some taxa of the fecal microbiota were specific to the shedding phenotypes. This was related to the enrichment of several functional pathways related to anaerobic respiration in high shedders. In conclusion, our data show that the immune response to Salmonella modifies the fecal microbiota and subsequently could be responsible for shedding phenotypes. Influencing the gut microbiota and reducing intestinal inflammation could be a strategy for preventing Salmonella high shedding in livestock. IMPORTANCE Salmonellosis remains the most frequent human foodborne zoonosis after campylobacteriosis and pork meat is considered one of the major sources of human foodborne infections. At the farm, host heterogeneity in pig infection is problematic. High Salmonella shedders contribute more significantly to the spread of this foodborne pathogen in the food chain. The identification of predictive biomarkers for high shedders could help to control Salmonella in pigs. The purpose of the present study was to investigate why some pigs become super shedders and others low shedders. We thus investigated the differences in the fecal microbial composition and the immune response in orally infected pigs presenting different Salmonella shedding patterns. Our data show that the proinflammatory response induced by S. Typhimurium at 1 dpi could be responsible for the modification of the fecal microbiota composition and functions observed mainly at 2 and 3 dpi and to the low and super shedder phenotypes.
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Herrera-Uribe J, Zaldívar-López S, Aguilar C, Entrenas-García C, Bautista R, Claros MG, Garrido JJ. Study of microRNA expression in Salmonella Typhimurium-infected porcine ileum reveals miR-194a-5p as an important regulator of the TLR4-mediated inflammatory response. Vet Res 2022; 53:35. [PMID: 35598011 PMCID: PMC9123658 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01056-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is a common cause of food-borne zoonosis leading to acute gastroenteritis in humans and pigs, causing economic losses to producers and farmers, and generating a food security risk. In a previous study, we demonstrated that S. Typhimurium infection produces a severe transcriptional activation of inflammatory processes in ileum. However, little is known regarding how microRNAs regulate this response during infection. Here, small RNA sequencing was used to identify 28 miRNAs differentially expressed (DE) in ileum of S. Typhimurium-infected pigs, which potentially regulate 14 target genes involved in immune system processes such as regulation of cytokine production, monocyte chemotaxis, or cellular response to interferon gamma. Using in vitro functional and gain/loss of function (mimics/CRISPR-Cas system) approaches, we show that porcine miR-194a-5p (homologous to human miR-194-5p) regulates TLR4 gene expression, an important molecule involved in pathogen virulence, recognition and activation of innate immunity in Salmonella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juber Herrera-Uribe
- Immunogenomics and Molecular Pathogenesis Group, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Viral Immunology Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sara Zaldívar-López
- Immunogenomics and Molecular Pathogenesis Group, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain. .,Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Research Group GA-14, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Carmen Aguilar
- Immunogenomics and Molecular Pathogenesis Group, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Institute for Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carmen Entrenas-García
- Immunogenomics and Molecular Pathogenesis Group, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Research Group GA-14, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rocío Bautista
- Andalusian Platform of Bioinformatics-SCBI, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - M Gonzalo Claros
- Andalusian Platform of Bioinformatics-SCBI, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan J Garrido
- Immunogenomics and Molecular Pathogenesis Group, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Research Group GA-14, Córdoba, Spain
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Systematic review of animal-based indicators to measure thermal, social, and immune-related stress in pigs. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266524. [PMID: 35511825 PMCID: PMC9070874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The intense nature of pig production has increased the animals’ exposure to stressful conditions, which may be detrimental to their welfare and productivity. Some of the most common sources of stress in pigs are extreme thermal conditions (thermal stress), density and mixing during housing (social stress), or exposure to pathogens and other microorganisms that may challenge their immune system (immune-related stress). The stress response can be monitored based on the animals’ coping mechanisms, as a result of specific environmental, social, and health conditions. These animal-based indicators may support decision making to maintain animal welfare and productivity. The present study aimed to systematically review animal-based indicators of social, thermal, and immune-related stresses in farmed pigs, and the methods used to monitor them. Peer-reviewed scientific literature related to pig production was collected using three online search engines: ScienceDirect, Scopus, and PubMed. The manuscripts selected were grouped based on the indicators measured during the study. According to our results, body temperature measured with a rectal thermometer was the most commonly utilized method for the evaluation of thermal stress in pigs (87.62%), as described in 144 studies. Of the 197 studies that evaluated social stress, aggressive behavior was the most frequently-used indicator (81.81%). Of the 535 publications examined regarding immune-related stress, cytokine concentration in blood samples was the most widely used indicator (80.1%). Information about the methods used to measure animal-based indicators is discussed in terms of validity, reliability, and feasibility. Additionally, the introduction and wide spreading of alternative, less invasive methods with which to measure animal-based indicators, such as cortisol in saliva, skin temperature and respiratory rate via infrared thermography, and various animal welfare threats via vocalization analysis are highlighted. The information reviewed was used to discuss the feasible and most reliable methods with which to monitor the impact of relevant stressors commonly presented by intense production systems on the welfare of farmed pigs.
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Applied Proteomics in 'One Health'. Proteomes 2021; 9:proteomes9030031. [PMID: 34208880 PMCID: PMC8293331 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes9030031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
‘One Health’ summarises the idea that human health and animal health are interdependent and bound to the health of ecosystems. The purpose of proteomics methodologies and studies is to determine proteins present in samples of interest and to quantify changes in protein expression during pathological conditions. The objectives of this paper are to review the application of proteomics technologies within the One Health concept and to appraise their role in the elucidation of diseases and situations relevant to One Health. The paper develops in three sections. Proteomics Applications in Zoonotic Infections part discusses proteomics applications in zoonotic infections and explores the use of proteomics for studying pathogenetic pathways, transmission dynamics, diagnostic biomarkers and novel vaccines in prion, viral, bacterial, protozoan and metazoan zoonotic infections. Proteomics Applications in Antibiotic Resistance part discusses proteomics applications in mechanisms of resistance development and discovery of novel treatments for antibiotic resistance. Proteomics Applications in Food Safety part discusses the detection of allergens, exposure of adulteration, identification of pathogens and toxins, study of product traits and characterisation of proteins in food safety. Sensitive analysis of proteins, including low-abundant ones in complex biological samples, will be achieved in the future, thus enabling implementation of targeted proteomics in clinical settings, shedding light on biomarker research and promoting the One Health concept.
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Keratin intermediate filaments in the colon: guardians of epithelial homeostasis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 129:105878. [PMID: 33152513 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Keratin intermediate filament proteins are major cytoskeletal components of the mammalian simple layered columnar epithelium in the gastrointestinal tract. Human colon crypt epithelial cells express keratins 18, 19 and 20 as the major type I keratins, and keratin 8 as the type II keratin. Keratin expression patterns vary between species, and mouse colonocytes express keratin 7 as a second type II keratin. Colonic keratin patterns change during cell differentiation, such that K20 increases in the more differentiated crypt cells closer to the central lumen. Keratins provide a structural and mechanical scaffold to support cellular stability, integrity and stress protection in this rapidly regenerating tissue. They participate in central colonocyte processes including barrier function, ion transport, differentiation, proliferation and inflammatory signaling. The cell-specific keratin compositions in different epithelial tissues has allowed for the utilization of keratin-based diagnostic methods. Since the keratin expression pattern in tumors often resembles that in the primary tissue, it can be used to recognize metastases of colonic origin. This review focuses on recent findings on the biological functions of mammalian colon epithelial keratins obtained from pivotal in vivo models. We also discuss the diagnostic value of keratins in chronic colonic disease and known keratin alterations in colon pathologies. This review describes the biochemical properties of keratins and their molecular actions in colonic epithelial cells and highlights diagnostic data in colorectal cancer and inflammatory bowel disease patients, which may facilitate the recognition of disease subtypes and the establishment of personal therapies in the future.
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7
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Zhang L, Gui S, Liang Z, Liu A, Chen Z, Tang Y, Xiao M, Chu F, Liu W, Jin X, Zhu J, Lu X. Musca domestica Cecropin (Mdc) Alleviates Salmonella typhimurium-Induced Colonic Mucosal Barrier Impairment: Associating With Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Response, Tight Junction as Well as Intestinal Flora. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:522. [PMID: 30930887 PMCID: PMC6428779 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella typhimurium, a Gram-negative food-borne pathogen, induces impairment in intestinal mucosal barrier function frequently. The injury is related to many factors such as inflammation, oxidative stress, tight junctions and flora changes in the host intestine. Musca domestica cecropin (Mdc), a novel antimicrobial peptide containing 40 amino acids, has potential antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and immunological functions. It remains unclear exactly whether and how Mdc reduces colonic mucosal barrier damage caused by S. typhimurium. Twenty four 6-week-old male mice were divided into four groups: normal group, control group (S. typhimurium-challenged), Mdc group, and ceftriaxone sodium group (Cs group). HE staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed to observe the morphology of the colon tissues. Bacterial load of S. typhimurium in colon, liver and spleen were determined by bacterial plate counting. Inflammatory factors were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Oxidative stress levels in the colon tissues were also analyzed. Immunofluorescence analysis, RT-PCR, and Western blot were carried out to examine the levels of tight junction and inflammatory proteins. The intestinal microbiota composition was assessed via 16s rDNA sequencing. We successfully built and evaluated an S. typhimurium-infection model in mice. Morphology and microcosmic change of the colon tissues confirmed the protective qualities of Mdc. Mdc could inhibit colonic inflammation and oxidative stress. Tight junctions were improved significantly after Mdc administration. Interestingly, Mdc ameliorated intestinal flora imbalance, which may be related to the improvement of tight junction. Our results shed a new light on protective effects and mechanism of the antimicrobial peptide Mdc on colonic mucosal barrier damage caused by S. typhimurium infection. Mdc is expected to be an important candidate for S. typhimurium infection treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuiqing Gui
- Intensive Care Unit, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhaobo Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Along Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoxia Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanan Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingzhu Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fujiang Chu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobao Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayong Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuemei Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Herrera-Uribe J, Jiménez-Marín Á, Lacasta A, Monteagudo PL, Pina-Pedrero S, Rodríguez F, Moreno Á, Garrido JJ. Comparative proteomic analysis reveals different responses in porcine lymph nodes to virulent and attenuated homologous African swine fever virus strains. Vet Res 2018; 49:90. [PMID: 30208957 PMCID: PMC6134756 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-018-0585-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a pathology of pigs against which there is no treatment or vaccine. Understanding the equilibrium between innate and adaptive protective responses and immune pathology might contribute to the development of strategies against ASFV. Here we compare, using a proteomic approach, the course of the in vivo infection caused by two homologous strains: the virulent E75 and the attenuated E75CV1. Our results show a progressive loss of proteins by day 7 post-infection (pi) with E75, reflecting tissue destruction. Many signal pathways were affected by both infections but in different ways and extensions. Cytoskeletal remodelling and clathrin-endocytosis were affected by both isolates, while a greater number of proteins involved on inflammatory and immunological pathways were altered by E75CV1. 14-3-3 mediated signalling, related to immunity and apoptosis, was inhibited by both isolates. The implication of the Rho GTPases by E75CV1 throughout infection is also evident. Early events reflected the lack of E75 recognition by the immune system, an evasion strategy acquired by the virulent strains, and significant changes at 7 days post-infection (dpi), coinciding with the peak of infection and the time of death. The protein signature at day 31 pi with E75CV1 seems to reflect events observed at 1 dpi, including the upregulation of proteosomal subunits and molecules described as autoantigens (vimentin, HSPB1, enolase and lymphocyte cytosolic protein 1), which allow the speculation that auto-antibodies could contribute to chronic ASFV infections. Therefore, the use of proteomics could help understand ASFV pathogenesis and immune protection, opening new avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júber Herrera-Uribe
- Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ángeles Jiménez-Marín
- Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Anna Lacasta
- International Livestock Research Intitute (ILRI), Nairobi, 00100, Kenya.,Centre de Recerca En Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula L Monteagudo
- Centre de Recerca En Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Pina-Pedrero
- Centre de Recerca En Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez
- Centre de Recerca En Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ángela Moreno
- Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Campus Alameda del Obispo, 14080 CSIC, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan J Garrido
- Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
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9
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Argüello H, Estellé J, Zaldívar-López S, Jiménez-Marín Á, Carvajal A, López-Bascón MA, Crispie F, O'Sullivan O, Cotter PD, Priego-Capote F, Morera L, Garrido JJ. Early Salmonella Typhimurium infection in pigs disrupts Microbiome composition and functionality principally at the ileum mucosa. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7788. [PMID: 29773876 PMCID: PMC5958136 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26083-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is a major foodborne pathogen which successfully infects animal species for human consumption such as swine. The pathogen has a battery of virulence factors which it uses to colonise and persist within the host. The host microbiota may play a role in resistance to, and may also be indirectly responsible from some of the consequences of, Salmonella infection. To investigate this, we used 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing to determine the changes in the gut microbiota of pigs in response to infection by Salmonella Typhimurium at three locations: ileum mucosa, ileum content and faeces. Early infection (2 days post-infection) impacted on the microbiome diversity at the mucosa, reflected in a decrease in representatives of the generally regarded as desirable genera (i.e., Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus). Severe damage in the epithelium of the ileum mucosa correlated with an increase in synergistic (with respect to Salmonella infection; Akkermansia) or opportunistically pathogenic bacteria (Citrobacter) and a depletion in anaerobic bacteria (Clostridium spp., Ruminococcus, or Dialliser). Predictive functional analysis, together with metabolomic analysis revealed changes in glucose and lipid metabolism in infected pigs. The observed changes in commensal healthy microbiota, including the growth of synergistic or potentially pathogenic bacteria and depletion of beneficial or competing bacteria, could contribute to the pathogen's ability to colonize the gut successfully. The findings from this study could be used to form the basis for further research aimed at creating intervention strategies to mitigate the effects of Salmonella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Argüello
- Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, 14047, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Jordi Estellé
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sara Zaldívar-López
- Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, 14047, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ángeles Jiménez-Marín
- Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, 14047, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ana Carvajal
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Mª Asunción López-Bascón
- Departamento de Química Analítica Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, CeiA3 Campus de Excelencia Agroalimentaria, Universidad de Córdoba, 14047, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Fiona Crispie
- Teagasc, Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co., Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Institute, Cork, Ireland
| | - Orla O'Sullivan
- Teagasc, Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co., Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Institute, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul D Cotter
- Teagasc, Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co., Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Institute, Cork, Ireland
| | - Feliciano Priego-Capote
- Departamento de Química Analítica Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, CeiA3 Campus de Excelencia Agroalimentaria, Universidad de Córdoba, 14047, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Luis Morera
- Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, 14047, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan J Garrido
- Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, 14047, Córdoba, Spain
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10
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Herrera-Uribe J, Zaldívar-López S, Aguilar C, Luque C, Bautista R, Carvajal A, Claros MG, Garrido JJ. Regulatory role of microRNA in mesenteric lymph nodes after Salmonella Typhimurium infection. Vet Res 2018; 49:9. [PMID: 29391047 PMCID: PMC5796392 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-018-0506-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonellosis is a gastrointestinal disease caused by non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars such as Salmonella Typhimurium. This pathology is a zoonosis, and food animals with subclinical infection constitute a vast reservoir for disease. After intestinal colonization, Salmonella Typhimurium reaches mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), where infection is controlled avoiding systemic spread. Although the molecular basis of this infection has been extensively studied, little is known about how microRNA (miRNA) regulate the expression of proteins involved in the Salmonella-host interaction. Using small RNA-seq, we examined expression profiles of MLN 2 days after infection with Salmonella Typhimurium, and we found 110 dysregulated miRNA. Among them, we found upregulated miR-21, miR-155, miR-150, and miR-221, as well as downregulated miR-143 and miR-125, all of them previously linked to other bacterial infections. Integration with proteomic data revealed 30 miRNA potentially regulating the expression of 15 proteins involved in biological functions such as cell death and survival, inflammatory response and antigenic presentation. The inflammatory response was found increased via upregulation of miRNA such as miR-21 and miR-155. Downregulation of miR-125a/b, miR-148 and miR-1 were identified as potential regulators of MHC-class I components PSMB8, HSP90B1 and PDIA3, respectively. Furthermore, we confirmed that miR-125a is a direct target of immunoproteasome component PSMB8. Since we also found miR-130 downregulation, which is associated with upregulation of HSPA8, we suggest induction of both MHC-I and MHC-II antigen presentation pathways. In conclusion, our study identifies miRNA that could regulate critical networks for antigenic presentation, inflammatory response and cytoskeletal rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juber Herrera-Uribe
- Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, 14047, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Sara Zaldívar-López
- Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, 14047, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Carmen Aguilar
- Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, 14047, Córdoba, Spain.,Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Cristina Luque
- Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, 14047, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rocío Bautista
- Plataforma Andaluza de Bioinformática, Universidad de Málaga, 29590, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ana Carvajal
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, 24071, León, Spain
| | - M Gonzalo Claros
- Plataforma Andaluza de Bioinformática, Universidad de Málaga, 29590, Málaga, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan J Garrido
- Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, 14047, Córdoba, Spain
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11
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O'Reilly EL, Burchmore RJ, Sparks NH, Eckersall PD. The effect of microbial challenge on the intestinal proteome of broiler chickens. Proteome Sci 2017; 15:10. [PMID: 28572745 PMCID: PMC5450085 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-017-0118-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In poultry production intestinal health and function is paramount to achieving efficient feed utilisation and growth. Uncovering the localised molecular mechanisms that occur during the early and important periods of growth that allow birds to grow optimally is important for this species. The exposure of young chicks to used litter from older flocks, containing mixed microbial populations, is a widely utilised model in poultry research. It rarely causes mortality but effects an immunogenic stimulation sufficient enough to cause reduced and uneven growth that is reflective of a challenging growing environment. Methods A mixed microbial challenge was delivered as used litter containing Campylobacter jejuni and coccidial oocysts to 120 male Ross 308 broiler chicks, randomly divided into two groups: control and challenged. On day 12, 15, 18 and 22 (pre- and 3, 6 and 10 days post-addition of the used litter) the proximal jejunum was recovered from 6 replicates per group and differentially abundant proteins identified between groups and over time using 2D DiGE. Results The abundance of cytoskeletal proteins of the chicken small intestinal proteome, particularly actin and actin associated proteins, increased over time in both challenged and control birds. Villin-1, an actin associated anti-apoptotic protein, was reduced in abundance in the challenged birds indicating that many of the changes in cytoskeletal protein abundance in the challenged birds were as a result of an increased rate of apoptosis. A number of heat shock proteins decreased in abundance over time in the intestine and this was more pronounced in the challenged birds. Conclusions The small intestinal proteome sampled from 12 to 22 days of age showed considerable developmental change, comparable to other species indicating that many of the changes in protein abundance in the small intestine are conserved among vertebrates. Identifying and distinguishing the changes in proteins abundance and molecular pathways that occur as a result of normal growth from those that occur as a result of a challenging microbial environment is important in this major food producing animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L O'Reilly
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Richard J Burchmore
- Glasgow Polyomics Facility, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nicholas H Sparks
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG UK
| | - P David Eckersall
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow University, Glasgow, UK
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12
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Miarelli M, Drumo R, Signorelli F, Marchitelli C, Pavone S, Pesciaroli M, Ruggieri J, Chirullo B, Ammendola S, Battistoni A, Alborali GL, Manuali E, Pasquali P. Salmonella Typhimurium infection primes a nutriprive mechanism in piglets. Vet Microbiol 2016; 186:117-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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13
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Uribe JH, Collado-Romero M, Zaldívar-López S, Arce C, Bautista R, Carvajal A, Cirera S, Claros MG, Garrido JJ. Transcriptional analysis of porcine intestinal mucosa infected with Salmonella Typhimurium revealed a massive inflammatory response and disruption of bile acid absorption in ileum. Vet Res 2016; 47:11. [PMID: 26738723 PMCID: PMC4704413 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-015-0286-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Infected pork meat is an important source of non-typhoidal human salmonellosis. Understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in disease pathogenesis is important for the development of therapeutic and preventive strategies. Thus, hereby we study the transcriptional profiles along the porcine intestine during infection with Salmonella Typhimurium, as well as post-transcriptional gene modulation by microRNAs (miRNA). Sixteen piglets were orally challenged with S. Typhimurium. Samples from jejunum, ileum and colon, collected 1, 2 and 6 days post infection (dpi) were hybridized to mRNA and miRNA expression microarrays and analyzed. Jejunum showed a reduced transcriptional response indicating mild inflammation only at 2 dpi. In ileum inflammatory genes were overexpressed (e.g., IL-1B, IL-6, IL-8, IL1RAP, TNFα), indicating a strong immune response at all times of infection. Infection also down-regulated genes of the FXR pathway (e.g., NR1H4, FABP6, APOA1, SLC10A2), indicating disruption of the bile acid absorption in ileum. This result was confirmed by decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum of infected pigs. Ileal inflammatory gene expression changes peaked at 2 dpi and tended to resolve at 6 dpi. Furthermore, miRNA analysis of ileum at 2 dpi revealed 62 miRNAs potentially regulating target genes involved in this inflammatory process (e.g., miR-374 and miR-451). In colon, genes involved in epithelial adherence, proliferation and cellular reorganization were down-regulated at 2 and 6 dpi. In summary, here we show the transcriptional changes occurring at the intestine at different time points of the infection, which are mainly related to inflammation and disruption of the bile acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juber Herrera Uribe
- Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, 14047, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Melania Collado-Romero
- Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, 14047, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Sara Zaldívar-López
- Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, 14047, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Cristina Arce
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, 14047, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Rocío Bautista
- Plataforma Andaluza de Bioinformática, Universidad de Málaga, 29590, Málaga, Spain.
| | - Ana Carvajal
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, 24071, León, Spain.
| | - Susanna Cirera
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - M Gonzalo Claros
- Plataforma Andaluza de Bioinformática, Universidad de Málaga, 29590, Málaga, Spain.
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain.
| | - Juan J Garrido
- Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, 14047, Córdoba, Spain.
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14
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Lacasta A, Monteagudo PL, Jiménez-Marín Á, Accensi F, Ballester M, Argilaguet J, Galindo-Cardiel I, Segalés J, Salas ML, Domínguez J, Moreno Á, Garrido JJ, Rodríguez F. Live attenuated African swine fever viruses as ideal tools to dissect the mechanisms involved in viral pathogenesis and immune protection. Vet Res 2015; 46:135. [PMID: 26589145 PMCID: PMC4654842 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-015-0275-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the causal agent of African swine fever, a hemorrhagic and often lethal porcine disease causing enormous economical losses in affected countries. Endemic for decades in most of the sub-Saharan countries and Sardinia, the risk of ASFV-endemicity in Europe has increased since its last introduction into Europe in 2007. Live attenuated viruses have been demonstrated to induce very efficient protective immune responses, albeit most of the time protection was circumscribed to homologous ASFV challenges. However, their use in the field is still far from a reality, mainly due to safety concerns. In this study we compared the course of the in vivo infection caused by two homologous ASFV strains: the virulent E75 and the cell cultured adapted strain E75CV1, obtained from adapting E75 to grow in the CV1 cell-line. Interestingly, the kinetics of both viruses not only differed on the clinical signs that they caused and in the virus loads found, but also in the immunological pathways activated throughout the infections. Furthermore, E75CV1 confirmed its protective potential against the homologous E75 virus challenge and allowed the demonstration of poor cross-protection against BA71, thus defining it as heterologous. The in vitro specificity of the CD8(+) T-cells present at the time of lethal challenge showed a clear activation against the homologous virus (E75) but not against BA71. These findings will be of utility for a better understanding of ASFV pathogenesis and for the rational designing of safe and efficient vaccines against this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lacasta
- Centre de Recerca En Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain. .,International Livestock Research Intitute (ILRI), 00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Paula L Monteagudo
- Centre de Recerca En Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ángeles Jiménez-Marín
- Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Campus Alameda del Obispo, 14080 CSIC, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Francesc Accensi
- Centre de Recerca En Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain. .,Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - María Ballester
- Centre de Recerca En Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain. .,INRA, UMR, 1313, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, 78352, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | | | - Iván Galindo-Cardiel
- Centre de Recerca En Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain. .,WorldPathol Ltd. Co., 50005, Saragossa, Spain.
| | - Joaquim Segalés
- Centre de Recerca En Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain. .,Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - María L Salas
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Ángela Moreno
- Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Campus Alameda del Obispo, 14080 CSIC, Córdoba, Spain. .,Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Ed. C-5, 14071, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Juan J Garrido
- Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Campus Alameda del Obispo, 14080 CSIC, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Fernando Rodríguez
- Centre de Recerca En Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
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15
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Collado-Romero M, Aguilar C, Arce C, Lucena C, Codrea MC, Morera L, Bendixen E, Moreno Á, Garrido JJ. Quantitative proteomics and bioinformatic analysis provide new insight into the dynamic response of porcine intestine to Salmonella Typhimurium. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2015; 5:64. [PMID: 26389078 PMCID: PMC4558531 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2015.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The enteropathogen Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is the most commonly non-typhoideal serotype isolated in pig worldwide. Currently, one of the main sources of human infection is by consumption of pork meat. Therefore, prevention and control of salmonellosis in pigs is crucial for minimizing risks to public health. The aim of the present study was to use isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) to explore differences in the response to Salmonella in two segment of the porcine gut (ileum and colon) along a time course of 1, 2, and 6 days post infection (dpi) with S. Typhimurium. A total of 298 proteins were identified in the infected ileum samples of which, 112 displayed significant expression differences due to Salmonella infection. In colon, 184 proteins were detected in the infected samples of which 46 resulted differentially expressed with respect to the controls. The higher number of changes in protein expression was quantified in ileum at 2 dpi. Further biological interpretation of proteomics data using bioinformatics tools demonstrated that the expression changes in colon were found in proteins involved in cell death and survival, tissue morphology or molecular transport at the early stages and tissue regeneration at 6 dpi. In ileum, however, changes in protein expression were mainly related to immunological and infection diseases, inflammatory response or connective tissue disorders at 1 and 2 dpi. iTRAQ has proved to be a proteomic robust approach allowing us to identify ileum as the earliest response focus upon S. Typhimurium in the porcine gut. In addition, new functions involved in the response to bacteria such as eIF2 signaling, free radical scavengers or antimicrobial peptides (AMP) expression have been identified. Finally, the impairment at of the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids and lipid metabolism by means the under regulation of FABP6 protein and FXR/RXR and LXR/RXR signaling pathway in ileum has been established for the first time in pigs. Taken together, our results provide a better understanding of the porcine response to Salmonella infection and the molecular mechanisms underlying Salmonella-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Collado-Romero
- Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carmen Aguilar
- Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba Córdoba, Spain
| | - Cristina Arce
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba Córdoba, Spain
| | - Concepción Lucena
- Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba Córdoba, Spain
| | - Marius C Codrea
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Luis Morera
- Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba Córdoba, Spain
| | - Emoke Bendixen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ángela Moreno
- Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba Córdoba, Spain ; Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan J Garrido
- Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba Córdoba, Spain
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16
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Rieger J, Janczyk P, Hünigen H, Plendl J. Enhancement of immunohistochemical detection of Salmonella in tissues of experimentally infected pigs. Eur J Histochem 2015; 59:2516. [PMID: 26428884 PMCID: PMC4598596 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2015.2516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Typhimurium is one of the main pathogens compromising porcine and human health as well as food safety, because it is a prevailing source of foodborne infections due to contaminated pork. A prominent problem in the management of this bacteriosis is the number of subclinically infected carrier pigs. As very little is known concerning the mechanisms allowing Salmonella to persist in pigs, the objective of this study was to develop an immunohistochemical approach for the detection of salmonellae in tissue of pigs experimentally infected with Salmonella Typhimurium. Samples were obtained from a challenge trial in which piglets of the German Landrace were intragastrically infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 (1.4-2.1x1010 CFU). Piglets were sacrificed on days 2 and 28 post infection. Tissue samples of jejunum, ileum, colon, ileocecal mesenteric lymph nodes (Lnn. ileocolici), and tonsils (Tonsilla veli palatini) were fixed in Zamboni's fixative and paraffin-embedded. Different immunohistochemical staining protocols were evaluated. Salmonella was detected in varying amounts in the tissues. Brown iron-containing pigments in the lymph nodes interfered with the identification of Salmonella if DAB was used as a staining reagent. Detergents like Triton X-100 or Saponin enhanced the sensitivity. It seems advisable not to use a detection system with brown staining for bacteria in an experimental setup involving intestinal damage including haemorrhage. The use of detergents appears to result in a higher sensitivity in the immunohistochemical detection of salmonellae.
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17
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Protective effect of CSN1S2 protein of goat milk on ileum microstructure and inflammation in rat-CFA-induced rheumatoid arthritis. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(15)60837-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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18
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Molecular cloning, characterization and mRNA expression of duck interleukin-17F. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2015; 164:194-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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19
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Rieger J, Janczyk P, Hünigen H, Neumann K, Plendl J. Intraepithelial lymphocyte numbers and histomorphological parameters in the porcine gut after Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 feeding in a Salmonella Typhimurium challenge. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2015; 164:40-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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20
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Bassols A, Costa C, Eckersall PD, Osada J, Sabrià J, Tibau J. The pig as an animal model for human pathologies: A proteomics perspective. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014; 8:715-31. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201300099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bassols
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular; Facultat de Veterinària; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
| | - Cristina Costa
- New Therapies of Genes and Transplants Group; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL); L'Hospitalet de Llobregat; Barcelona Spain
| | - P. David Eckersall
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine; University of Glasgow; Glasgow UK
| | - Jesús Osada
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Zaragoza; CIBEROBN; Zaragoza Spain
| | - Josefa Sabrià
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular; Facultat de Medicina; Institut de Neurociències (INc); Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
| | - Joan Tibau
- IRTA - Food Technology; Animal Genetics Program; Finca Camps i Armet; Monells Spain
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21
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Petriz BA, Franco OL. Application of Cutting-Edge Proteomics Technologies for Elucidating Host–Bacteria Interactions. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2014; 95:1-24. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800453-1.00001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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22
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Martins RP, Aguilar C, Graham JE, Carvajal A, Bautista R, Claros MG, Garrido JJ. Pyroptosis and adaptive immunity mechanisms are promptly engendered in mesenteric lymph-nodes during pig infections with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Vet Res 2013; 44:120. [PMID: 24308825 PMCID: PMC4028780 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-44-120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we explored the transcriptional response and the morphological changes occurring in porcine mesenteric lymph-nodes (MLN) along a time course of 1, 2 and 6 days post infection (dpi) with Salmonella Typhimurium. Additionally, we analysed the expression of some Salmonella effectors in tissue to complete our view of the processes triggered in these organs upon infection. The results indicate that besides dampening apoptosis, swine take advantage of the flagellin and prgJ expression by Salmonella Typhimuriun to induce pyroptosis in MLN, preventing bacterial dissemination. Furthermore, cross-presentation of Salmonella antigens was inferred as a mechanism that results in a rapid clearance of pathogen by cytotoxic T cells. In summary, although the Salmonella Typhimurium strain employed in this study was able to express some of its major virulence effectors in porcine MLN, a combination of early innate and adaptive immunity mechanisms might overcome virulence strategies employed by the pathogen, enabling the host to protect itself against bacterial spread beyond gut-associated lymph-nodes. Interestingly, we deduced that clathrin-mediated endocytosis could contribute to mechanisms of pathogen virulence and/or host defence in MLN of Salmonella infected swine. Taken together, our results are useful for a better understanding of the critical protective mechanisms against Salmonella that occur in porcine MLN to prevent the spread of infection beyond the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Prado Martins
- Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Gregor Mendel C5, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carmen Aguilar
- Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Gregor Mendel C5, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - James E Graham
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, 40202, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Ana Carvajal
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Rocío Bautista
- Plataforma Andaluza de Bioinformática, Universidad de Málaga, Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, 29590, Málaga, Spain
| | - M Gonzalo Claros
- Plataforma Andaluza de Bioinformática, Universidad de Málaga, Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, 29590, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan J Garrido
- Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Gregor Mendel C5, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
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23
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Proteomic analysis of intestinal mucosa responses to Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in naturally infected pig. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2013; 37:59-67. [PMID: 24268431 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (S. typhimurium) is one of the most frequent Salmonella serotypes isolated from European pigs. Despite the advances in understanding the mechanisms involved in host-pathogen interactions and host cell responses to S. typhimurium, the global change that occurs in naturally exposed populations has been poorly characterized. Here, we present a proteomics study on intestinal mucosa of pigs naturally infected with S. typhimurium, in order to better understand the pathogenesis of salmonellosis and the pathways which might be affected after infection. Samples were analyzed by 2D-DIGE and 44 different proteins exhibited statistically significant differences. The data set was analyzed by employing the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and the physiological function most significantly perturbed were immunological and infectious disease, cellular assembly and organization and metabolism. The pathways implicated in the porcine immune response to S. typhimurium were gluconeogenesis and Rho GDI/RhoA signaling, and our results suggest that keratins and the intermediate filaments could play an important role in the damage of the mucosa and in the success of infection. The role of these findings in salmonellosis has been discussed, as well as the importance of analyzing naturally infected animals to have a complete picture of the infection. Also, we compared the results found in this work with those obtained in a similar study using experimentally infected animals.
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Mensikova M, Stepanova H, Faldyna M. Interleukin-17 in veterinary animal species and its role in various diseases: A review. Cytokine 2013; 64:11-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Evaluation of protection conferred by a Salmonella Typhimurium inactivated vaccine in Salmonella-infected finishing pig farms. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2013; 36:489-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Martins RP, Lorenzi V, Arce C, Lucena C, Carvajal A, Garrido JJ. Innate and adaptive immune mechanisms are effectively induced in ileal Peyer's patches of Salmonella typhimurium infected pigs. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 41:100-104. [PMID: 23644015 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this report we employed laser-capture microdissection (LCM) coupled to qPCR technology and bioinformatic analysis to characterize, for the first time, the response of Peyer's patches (PP) from orally infected animals to Salmonella typhimurium, in a model of non-typhoidal salmonellosis. Pathogen was highly found in the cytoplasm of phagocytes in PP and differential gene expression analysis indicated an up-regulation of proinflammatory molecules, establishment of a Th1 driven response and triggering of DC and T-cell activity. Furthermore, predictions by bioinformatic analysis pointed to an activation of processes regarding stimulation and maturation of DC, influx of leukocytes in tissue and T lymphocytes priming and differentiation. In short, the approach used in this study proved to be a promising strategy to explore infectious processes. Indeed, it revealed an effective induction of innate and adaptive immune mechanisms in swine PP which appear to be distinct from those observed in mesenteric lymph nodes and closely related to response of gut mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Prado Martins
- Grupo de Genómica y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Gregor Mendel C5, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
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Xu WD, Pan HF, Ye DQ, Xu Y. Targeting IRF4 in autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2012; 11:918-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2012.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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de Almeida AM, Bendixen E. Pig proteomics: A review of a species in the crossroad between biomedical and food sciences. J Proteomics 2012; 75:4296-314. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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