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Yadav A, Dogra S, Boda AK, Kumari P, Kumar A, Dash MK, Yadav PN. Kappa Opioid Receptor Activation Induces Epigenetic Silencing of Brain-Derived Neurotropic Factor via HDAC5 in Depression. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:3286-3297. [PMID: 39190549 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) occurs in almost 50% of the depressed patients. Central kappa opioid receptor (KOR) agonism has been demonstrated to induce depression and anxiety, while KOR antagonism alleviates depression-like symptoms in rodent models and TRD in clinical studies. Previously, we have shown that sustained KOR activation leads to a TRD-like phenotype in mice, and modulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) appears to be one of the molecular determinants of the antidepressant response. In the present study, we observed that sustained KOR activation by a selective agonist, U50488, selectively reduced the levels of Bdnf transcripts II, IV, and Bdnf CDS (protein-coding Exon IX) in the PFC and cultured primary cortical neurons, which was blocked by selective KOR antagonist, norbinaltorphimine. Considering the crucial role of epigenetic pathways in BDNF expression, we further investigated the role of various epigenetic markers in KOR-induced BDNF downregulation in mice. We observed that treatment with U50488 resulted in selective and specific downregulation of acetylation at the ninth lysine residue of the histone H3 protein (H3K9ac) and upregulation of histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) expression in the PFC. Further, using anti-H3K9ac and anti-HDAC5 antibodies in the chromatin immune precipitation assay, we detected decreased enrichment of H3K9ac and increased HDAC5 binding at Bdnf II and IV transcripts after U50488 treatment, which were blocked by a selective KOR antagonist, norbinaltorphimine. Further mechanistic studies using HDAC5 selective inhibitor, LMK235, in primary cortical neurons and adeno-associated viral shRNA-mediated HDAC5-knockdown in the PFC of mice demonstrated an essential role of HDAC5 in KOR-mediated reduction of Bdnf expression in the PFC and in depression-like symptoms in mice. These results suggest that KOR engages multiple pathways to induce depression-like symptoms in mice and provide novel insights into the mechanisms by which activation of KOR regulates major depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anubhav Yadav
- Divison of Neuroscience & Ageing Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shalini Dogra
- Divison of Neuroscience & Ageing Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Arun Kumar Boda
- Divison of Neuroscience & Ageing Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Poonam Kumari
- Divison of Neuroscience & Ageing Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Ajeet Kumar
- Divison of Neuroscience & Ageing Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Manish K Dash
- Divison of Neuroscience & Ageing Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Prem N Yadav
- Divison of Neuroscience & Ageing Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Guo Z, Han X, Kong T, Wu Y, Kang Y, Liu Y, Wang F. The mediation effects of nightmares and depression between insomnia and suicidal ideation in young adults. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9577. [PMID: 38670978 PMCID: PMC11052998 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58774-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Suicide is prevalent among young adults, and epidemiological studies indicate that insomnia, nightmares, and depression are significantly associated with a high incidence of suicidal ideation (SI). However, the causal relationship between these factors and SI remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the association between nightmares and depression and insomnia and SI in young adults, as well as to develop a mediation model to investigate the causal relationship between insomnia, nightmare, depression, and SI. We assessed insomnia, nightmares, depression, and SI in 546 young adults using the Insomnia Severity Scale (ISI), Disturbing Dream and Nightmare Severity Scale (DDNSI), Depression Study Scale (CESD-20), and Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS). Using the Bootstrap method, the mediation effects of nightmares and depression between insomnia and SI were calculated. The results demonstrated that nightmares and depression fully mediated the relationship between insomnia and SI, including the chain-mediation of insomnia and SI between nightmare and depression with an effect value of 0.02, 95% CI 0.01-0.04, and depression as a mediator between insomnia and SI with an effect value of 0.22, 95% CI 0.15-0.29. This study found that depression and nightmares may be risk and predictive factors between insomnia and SI, which implies that the assessment and treatment of depression and the simple or linked effect of nightmares play crucial roles in preventing SI in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Guo
- Medical Neurobiology Lab, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot, 010110, China
- Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100096, China
| | - Xiaoli Han
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Friendship Hospital of Urumqi, Urumqi, 830049, China
| | - Tiantian Kong
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorder Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830063, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100096, China
| | - Yimin Kang
- Medical Neurobiology Lab, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot, 010110, China.
| | - Yanlong Liu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Fan Wang
- Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100096, China.
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorder Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830063, China.
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Kämpe R, Paul ER, Östman L, Heilig M, Howard DM, Hamilton JP. Contributions of Polygenic Risk and Disease Status to Gray Matter Abnormalities in Major Depression. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024; 9:437-446. [PMID: 38142967 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gray matter (GM) abnormalities in depression are potentially attributable to some combination of trait, state, and illness history factors. Here, we sought to determine the contributions of polygenic risk for depression, depressive disease status, and the interaction of these factors to these GM abnormalities. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional comparison using a 2 × 3 factorial design examining effects of polygenic risk for depression (lower vs. upper quartile) and depression status (never depressed, currently depressed, or remitted depression) on regional GM concentration and GM volume. Participants were a subset of magnetic resonance imaging-scanned UK Biobank participants comprising 2682 people (876 men, 1806 women) algorithmically matched on 16 potential confounders. RESULTS In women but not men, we observed that elevated polygenic risk for depression was associated with reduced cerebellar GM volume. This deficit occurred in salience and dorsal attention network regions of the cerebellum and was associated with poorer performance on tests of attention and executive function but not fluid intelligence. Moreover, in women with current depression compared to both women with remitted depression and women who never had depression, we observed GM reductions in ventral and medial prefrontal, insular, and medial temporal regions. These state-related abnormalities remained when accounting for antidepressant medication status. CONCLUSIONS Neuroanatomical deficits attributed broadly to major depression are more likely due to an aggregation of independent factors. Polygenic risk for depression accounted for cerebellar structural abnormalities that themselves accounted for cognitive deficits observed in this disorder. Medial and ventral prefrontal, insular, and temporal cortex deficits constituted a much larger proportion of the aggregate deficit and were attributable to the depressed state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Kämpe
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth R Paul
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lars Östman
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry in Linköping and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Markus Heilig
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry in Linköping and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - David M Howard
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - J Paul Hamilton
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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Akinbo OI, McNeal N, Hylin M, Hite N, Dagner A, Grippo AJ. The Influence of Environmental Enrichment on Affective and Neural Consequences of Social Isolation Across Development. AFFECTIVE SCIENCE 2022; 3:713-733. [PMID: 36519141 PMCID: PMC9743881 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-022-00131-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Social stress is associated with depression and anxiety, physiological disruptions, and altered brain morphology in central stress circuitry across development. Environmental enrichment strategies may improve responses to social stress. Socially monogamous prairie voles exhibit analogous social and emotion-related behaviors to humans, with potential translational insight into interactions of social stress, age, and environmental enrichment. This study explored the effects of social isolation and environmental enrichment on behaviors related to depression and anxiety, physiological indicators of stress, and dendritic structural changes in amygdala and hippocampal subregions in young adult and aging prairie voles. Forty-nine male prairie voles were assigned to one of six groups divided by age (young adult vs. aging), social structure (paired vs. isolated), and housing environment (enriched vs. non-enriched). Following 4 weeks of these conditions, behaviors related to depression and anxiety were investigated in the forced swim test and elevated plus maze, body and adrenal weights were evaluated, and dendritic morphology analyses were conducted in hippocampus and amygdala subregions. Environmental enrichment decreased immobility duration in the forced swim test, increased open arm exploration in the elevated plus maze, and reduced adrenal/body weight ratio in aging and young adult prairie voles. Age and social isolation influenced dendritic morphology in the basolateral amygdala. Age, but not social isolation, influenced dendritic morphology in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Environmental enrichment did not influence dendritic morphology in either brain region. These data may inform interventions to reduce the effects of social stressors and age-related central changes associated with affective behavioral consequences in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oreoluwa I. Akinbo
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - Neal McNeal
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - Michael Hylin
- Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA
| | - Natalee Hite
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Ashley Dagner
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - Angela J. Grippo
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
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Nunes A, Scott K, Alda M. Lessons from ecology for understanding the heterogeneity of bipolar disorder. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2022; 47:E359-E365. [PMID: 36257674 PMCID: PMC9584152 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.220172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Nunes
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Nunes, Scott, Alda); and the Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Nunes)
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Yang C, Duan Y, Lei L, Liu P, Zhang A, Li G, Sun N, Wang Y, Liu Z, Zhang K. Altered Cingulum Functioning in Major Depressive Disorder Patient With Suicide Attempts: A Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:849158. [PMID: 35418833 PMCID: PMC8995705 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.849158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) with suicide attempts (SA) poses a significant public health issue. This study aims to identify neurobiological markers for MDD with SA on resting-state brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Methods Fifty-one unmedicated adult MDD participants, 27 with SA on the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation and 24 without SA, underwent rs-fMRI scanning. A group of 30 healthy controls (HC) matched for age, gender, and education-level with MDD were chosen. A whole brain analysis of regional homogeneity (ReHo) was performed on subjects to identify regions where brain activity was associated with SA. Multiple comparison analysis was performed for ReHo. Pearson’s correlation analysis was performed between HAMD-SA scores and ReHo. The statistical significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results We examined whether there were significant differences among the three groups in whole brain ReHo during resting state. Subjects with SA showed significant increase of ReHo in the right Cingulum Post in comparison with those without SA. Subjects with SA showed significant decrease of ReHo in the right Cingulate Gyrus/Precuneus in comparison with HC. The mean ReHo from the significant brain region was associated with HAMD-SA (item 3 of the HAMD) scores (r = 0.349, P = 0.012) but was not associated with HAMD-24 scores. Conclusion These results indicate that SA is associated with altered resting-state brain activity. The pattern of elevated activity in the cingulum functioning may be related to SA. Identifying cingulum activity associated with SA may help to elucidate its pathogenesis and etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yajuan Duan
- The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lei Lei
- The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Penghong Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Aixia Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Gaizhi Li
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ning Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Nursing College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yikun Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhifen Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhifen Liu,
| | - Kerang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Kerang Zhang,
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Strumila R, Nobile B, Korsakova L, Lengvenyte A, Olie E, Lopez-Castroman J, Guillaume S, Courtet P. Psilocybin, a Naturally Occurring Indoleamine Compound, Could Be Useful to Prevent Suicidal Behaviors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121213. [PMID: 34959614 PMCID: PMC8704767 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The available interventions for people who are at risk of suicide have limited efficacy. Recently, research on new mental health treatments has started to consider psychedelic compounds, particularly psilocybin, a molecule with a few thousand years of history of use in human societies. The possible effects of psilocybin on suicidal ideation and behaviors have not been specifically studied yet; however, the current knowledge on the suicidal process and the available data on es/ketamine suggest that psylocibin could be used to modulate the thoughts and behavioral patterns in individuals who are at risk of suicidal behaviors. Here, we summarize the available evidence on the possible mechanisms underlying psilocybin positive effects on suicide risk. Major pathways related to suicidal behaviors that might be modulated by psylocibin include serotonin receptors. Specifically, psylocibin directly stimulates the serotonin 2A receptor (5HT2A), targeting the inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways and leading to a rapid increase in brain plasticity and inflammation suppression and increases in cognitive flexibility, spirituality, and empathy. We also present preliminary epidemiological data and provide a rationale for studying psilocybin in individuals with suicidal ideation or who are at risk of suicidal behaviors. This review presents a framework to understand the basis for psilocybin use in individuals who are at risk of suicidal behaviors and calls for clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robertas Strumila
- Department of Urgent and Post Urgent Psychiatry, CHU Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France; (A.L.); (E.O.); (S.G.); (P.C.)
- Institute of Functional Genomics, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France;
- Psychiatric Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius University, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (B.N.)
| | - Bénédicte Nobile
- Department of Urgent and Post Urgent Psychiatry, CHU Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France; (A.L.); (E.O.); (S.G.); (P.C.)
- Institute of Functional Genomics, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France;
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (B.N.)
| | - Laura Korsakova
- Laboratory of Preclinical Drug Investigation, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Aiste Lengvenyte
- Department of Urgent and Post Urgent Psychiatry, CHU Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France; (A.L.); (E.O.); (S.G.); (P.C.)
- Institute of Functional Genomics, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France;
| | - Emilie Olie
- Department of Urgent and Post Urgent Psychiatry, CHU Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France; (A.L.); (E.O.); (S.G.); (P.C.)
- Institute of Functional Genomics, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France;
| | - Jorge Lopez-Castroman
- Institute of Functional Genomics, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France;
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Nimes University Hospital, 44307 Nimes, France
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28001 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sébastien Guillaume
- Department of Urgent and Post Urgent Psychiatry, CHU Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France; (A.L.); (E.O.); (S.G.); (P.C.)
- Institute of Functional Genomics, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France;
| | - Philippe Courtet
- Department of Urgent and Post Urgent Psychiatry, CHU Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France; (A.L.); (E.O.); (S.G.); (P.C.)
- Institute of Functional Genomics, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France;
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Artin H, Zisook S, Ramanathan D. How do serotonergic psychedelics treat depression: The potential role of neuroplasticity. World J Psychiatry 2021; 11:201-214. [PMID: 34168967 PMCID: PMC8209538 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v11.i6.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common mental disorder and one of the leading causes of disability around the world. Monoaminergic antidepressants often take weeks to months to work and are not effective for all patients. This has led to a search for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of depression as well as to the development of novel antidepressants. One such novel antidepressant is ketamine, which has demonstrated both clinically promising results and contributed to new explanatory models of depression, including the potential role of neuroplasticity in depression. Early clinical trials are now showing promising results of serotonergic psychedelics for depression; however, their mechanism of action remains poorly understood. This paper seeks to review the effect of depression, classic antidepressants, ketamine, and serotonergic psychedelics on markers of neuroplasticity at a cellular, molecular, electrophysiological, functional, structural, and psychological level to explore the potential role that neuroplasticity plays in the treatment response of serotonergic psychedelics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hewa Artin
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Sidney Zisook
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, United States
| | - Dhakshin Ramanathan
- Department of Psychiatry, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, United States
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Li X, Su X, Liu J, Li H, Li M, Li W, Luo XJ. Transcriptome-wide association study identifies new susceptibility genes and pathways for depression. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:306. [PMID: 34021117 PMCID: PMC8140098 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01411-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is the most prevalent mental disorder with substantial morbidity and mortality. Although genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified multiple risk variants for depression, due to the complicated gene regulatory mechanisms and complexity of linkage disequilibrium (LD), the biological mechanisms by which the risk variants exert their effects on depression remain largely unknown. Here, we perform a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) of depression by integrating GWAS summary statistics from 807,553 individuals (246,363 depression cases and 561,190 controls) and summary-level gene-expression data (from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of 1003 individuals). We identified 53 transcriptome-wide significant (TWS) risk genes for depression, of which 23 genes were not implicated in risk loci of the original GWAS. Seven out of 53 risk genes (B3GALTL, FADS1, TCTEX1D1, XPNPEP3, ZMAT2, ZNF501 and ZNF502) showed TWS associations with depression in two independent brain expression quantitative loci (eQTL) datasets, suggesting that these genes may represent promising candidates. We further conducted conditional analyses and identified the potential risk genes that driven the TWAS association signal in each locus. Finally, pathway enrichment analysis revealed biologically pathways relevant to depression. Our study identified new depression risk genes whose expression dysregulation may play a role in depression. More importantly, we translated the GWAS associations into risk genes and relevant pathways. Further mechanistic study and functional characterization of the TWS depression risk genes will facilitate the diagnostics and therapeutics for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650204, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xi Su
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Jiewei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650204, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Huijuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650204, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650204, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650204, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wenqiang Li
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
| | - Xiong-Jian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650204, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
- KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650204, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650204, Kunming, China.
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Li H, Zhang H, Yin L, Zhang F, Chen Z, Chen T, Jia Z, Gong Q. Altered cortical morphology in major depression disorder patients with suicidality. PSYCHORADIOLOGY 2021; 1:13-22. [PMID: 38665310 PMCID: PMC10917214 DOI: 10.1093/psyrad/kkaa002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with high risk of suicide, but the biological underpinnings of suicidality in MDD patients are far from conclusive. Previous neuroimaging studies using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) demonstrated that depressed individuals with suicidal thoughts or behaviors exhibit specific cortical structure alterations. To complement VBM findings, surface-based morphometry (SBM) can provide more details into gray matter structure, including the cortical complexity, cortical thickness and sulcal depth for brain images. Objective This study aims to use SBM to investigate cortical morphology alterations to obtain evidence for neuroanatomical alterations in depressed patients with suicidality. Methods Here, 3D T1-weighted MR images of brain from 39 healthy controls, 40 depressed patients without suicidality (patient controls), and 39 with suicidality (suicidal groups) were analyzed based on SBM to estimate the fractal dimension, gyrification index, sulcal depth, and cortical thickness using the Computational Anatomy Toolbox. Correlation analyses were performed between clinical data and cortical surface measurements from patients. Results Surface-based morphometry showed decreased sulcal depth in the parietal, frontal, limbic, occipital and temporal regions and decreased fractal dimension in the frontal regions in depressed patients with suicidality compared to both healthy and patient controls. Additionally, in patients with depression, the sulcal depth of the left caudal anterior cingulate cortex was negatively correlated with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores. Conclusions Depressed patients with suicidality had abnormal cortical morphology in some brain regions within the default mode network, frontolimbic circuitry and temporal regions. These structural deficits may be associated with the dysfunction of emotional processing and impulsivity control. This study provides insights into the underlying neurobiology of the suicidal brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiru Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 610041
| | - Huawei Zhang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 610041
| | - Li Yin
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 610041
| | - Feifei Zhang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 610041
| | - Ziqi Chen
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 610041
| | - Taolin Chen
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 610041
| | - Zhiyun Jia
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 610041
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 610041
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 610041
- Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China, 610041
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11
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Krzyżanowska M, Rębała K, Steiner J, Kaliszan M, Pieśniak D, Karnecki K, Wiergowski M, Brisch R, Braun K, Jankowski Z, Kosmowska M, Chociej J, Gos T. Reduced ribosomal DNA transcription in the prefrontal cortex of suicide victims: consistence of new molecular RT-qPCR findings with previous morphometric data from AgNOR-stained pyramidal neurons. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 271:567-576. [PMID: 33501518 PMCID: PMC7981327 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-021-01232-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prefrontal cortical regions play a key role in behavioural regulation, which is profoundly disturbed in suicide. The study was carried out on frozen cortical samples from the anterior cingulate cortex (dorsal and ventral parts, ACd and ACv), the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and the dorsolateral cortex (DLC) obtained from 20 suicide completers (predominantly violent) with unknown psychiatric diagnosis and 21 non-suicidal controls. The relative level of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) as a marker of the transcriptional activity of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) was evaluated bilaterally in prefrontal regions mentioned above (i.e. in eight regions of interest, ROIs) by reverse transcription and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The overall statistical analysis revealed a decrease in rDNA activity in suicide victims versus controls, particularly in male subjects. Further ROI-specific post hoc analyses revealed a significant decrease in this activity in suicides compared to non-suicides in five ROIs. This effect was accentuated in the ACv, where it was observed bilaterally. Our findings suggest that decreased rDNA transcription in the prefrontal cortex plays an important role in suicide pathogenesis and corresponds with our previous morphometric analyses of AgNOR-stained neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Krzyżanowska
- grid.11451.300000 0001 0531 3426Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Dębowa 23, 80-204 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Rębała
- grid.11451.300000 0001 0531 3426Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Dębowa 23, 80-204 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Johann Steiner
- grid.5807.a0000 0001 1018 4307Department of Psychiatry, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michał Kaliszan
- grid.11451.300000 0001 0531 3426Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Dębowa 23, 80-204 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Dorota Pieśniak
- grid.11451.300000 0001 0531 3426Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Dębowa 23, 80-204 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Karol Karnecki
- grid.11451.300000 0001 0531 3426Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Dębowa 23, 80-204 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marek Wiergowski
- grid.11451.300000 0001 0531 3426Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Dębowa 23, 80-204 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ralf Brisch
- grid.11451.300000 0001 0531 3426Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Dębowa 23, 80-204 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katharina Braun
- grid.5807.a0000 0001 1018 4307Department of Zoology/Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Zbigniew Jankowski
- grid.11451.300000 0001 0531 3426Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Dębowa 23, 80-204 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Monika Kosmowska
- grid.11451.300000 0001 0531 3426Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Dębowa 23, 80-204 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Joanna Chociej
- grid.11451.300000 0001 0531 3426Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Dębowa 23, 80-204 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Gos
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Dębowa 23, 80-204, Gdańsk, Poland. .,Department of Psychiatry, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany. .,Department of Zoology/Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
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12
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Freitas AE, Heinrich IA, Moura TM, Fraga DB, Costa AP, Azevedo D, Brocardo PS, Kaster MP, Leal RB, Rodrigues ALS. Agmatine potentiates antidepressant and synaptic actions of ketamine: Effects on dendritic arbors and spines architecture and Akt/S6 kinase signaling. Exp Neurol 2020; 333:113398. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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13
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Harrison PJ, Colbourne L, Harrison CH. The neuropathology of bipolar disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:1787-1808. [PMID: 30127470 PMCID: PMC6292507 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0213-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Various neuropathological findings have been reported in bipolar disorder (BD). However, it is unclear which findings are well established. To address this gap, we carried out a systematic review of the literature. We searched over 5000 publications, identifying 103 data papers, of which 81 were eligible for inclusion. Our main findings can be summarised as follows. First, most studies have relied on a limited number of brain collections, and have used relatively small sample sizes (averaging 12 BD cases and 15 controls). Second, surprisingly few studies have attempted to replicate closely a previous one, precluding substantial meta-analyses, such that the latter were all limited to two studies each, and comprising 16-36 BD cases and 16-74 controls. As such, no neuropathological findings can be considered to have been established beyond reasonable doubt. Nevertheless, there are several replicated positive findings in BD, including decreased cortical thickness and glial density in subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, reduced neuronal density in some amygdalar nuclei, and decreased calbindin-positive neuron density in prefrontal cortex. Many other positive findings have also been reported, but with limited or contradictory evidence. As an important negative result, it can be concluded that gliosis is not a feature of BD; neither is there neuropathological evidence for an inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Harrison
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK.
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK.
| | - Lucy Colbourne
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Charlotte H Harrison
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
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14
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Rajkumar AP, Qvist P, Donskov JG, Lazarus R, Pallesen J, Nava N, Winther G, Liebenberg N, Cour SHL, Paternoster V, Fryland T, Palmfeldt J, Fejgin K, Mørk A, Nyegaard M, Pakkenberg B, Didriksen M, Nyengaard JR, Wegener G, Mors O, Christensen JH, Børglum AD. Reduced Brd1 expression leads to reversible depression-like behaviors and gene-expression changes in female mice. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:239. [PMID: 32681022 PMCID: PMC7367888 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-00914-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The schizophrenia-associated gene, BRD1, encodes an epigenetic regulator in which chromatin interactome is enriched with genes implicated in mental health. Alterations in histone modifications and epigenetic regulation contribute to brain transcriptomic changes in affective disorders and preclinical data supports a role for BRD1 in psychopathology. However, the implication of BRD1 on affective pathology remains poorly understood. In this study, we assess affective behaviors and associated neurobiology in Brd1+/- mice along with their responses to Fluoxetine and Imipramine. This involves behavioral, neurostructural, and neurochemical characterizations along with regional cerebral gene expression profiling combined with integrative functional genomic analyses. We report behavioral changes in female Brd1+/- mice with translational value to depressive symptomatology that can be alleviated by the administration of antidepressant medications. Behavioral changes are accompanied by altered brain morphometry and imbalances in monoaminergic systems. In accordance, gene expression changes across brain tissues reveal altered neurotransmitter signaling and cluster in functional pathways associated with depression including 'Adrenergic-, GPCR-, cAMP-, and CREB/CREM-signaling'. Integrative gene expression analysis specifically links changes in amygdaloid intracellular signaling activity to the behavioral treatment response in Brd1+/- mice. Collectively, our study highlights the importance of BRD1 as a modulator of affective pathology and adds to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying affective disorders and their treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anto P. Rajkumar
- grid.452548.a0000 0000 9817 5300IPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK ,grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Per Qvist
- IPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark. .,Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. .,Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. .,Synaptic Transmission, H. Lundbeck A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Julie G. Donskov
- grid.452548.a0000 0000 9817 5300IPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ross Lazarus
- grid.1051.50000 0000 9760 5620Computational Biology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes institute, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Jonatan Pallesen
- grid.452548.a0000 0000 9817 5300IPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nicoletta Nava
- grid.154185.c0000 0004 0512 597XTranslational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gudrun Winther
- grid.154185.c0000 0004 0512 597XTranslational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nico Liebenberg
- grid.154185.c0000 0004 0512 597XTranslational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sanne H. la Cour
- grid.452548.a0000 0000 9817 5300IPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Veerle Paternoster
- grid.452548.a0000 0000 9817 5300IPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tue Fryland
- grid.452548.a0000 0000 9817 5300IPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- grid.154185.c0000 0004 0512 597XResearch Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kim Fejgin
- grid.424580.f0000 0004 0476 7612Synaptic Transmission, H. Lundbeck A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arne Mørk
- grid.424580.f0000 0004 0476 7612Synaptic Transmission, H. Lundbeck A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Nyegaard
- grid.452548.a0000 0000 9817 5300IPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bente Pakkenberg
- grid.411702.10000 0000 9350 8874Research Laboratory for Stereology and Neuroscience, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Didriksen
- grid.424580.f0000 0004 0476 7612Synaptic Transmission, H. Lundbeck A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens R. Nyengaard
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gregers Wegener
- grid.154185.c0000 0004 0512 597XTranslational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.154185.c0000 0004 0512 597XPsychosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jane H. Christensen
- grid.452548.a0000 0000 9817 5300IPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders D. Børglum
- grid.452548.a0000 0000 9817 5300IPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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15
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Qiu H, Cao B, Cao J, Li X, Chen J, Wang W, Lv Z, Zhang S, Fang W, Ai M, Kuang L. Resting-state functional connectivity of the anterior cingulate cortex in young adults depressed patients with and without suicidal behavior. Behav Brain Res 2020; 384:112544. [PMID: 32035184 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Functional alterations in the subregions of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) have been observed in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Studies have shown that higher depressive symptoms are associated with altered functional connectivity (FC) in different ACC sub-regions. Suicide is highly prevalent in patients with MDD; however, it is unclear whether suicidal behavior is associated with the FC alterations in the subregions of the ACC in these indibiduals. Seventy-six patients with MDD (41 with and 35 without a history of suicidal behavior) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and were assessed using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD), the Scale for Suicide Ideation (SSI), and the Columbia Scale for Rating of Suicide Severity. We investigated the FC between the ACC subregions and other brain regions in young MDD patients with and without a history of suicidal behavior. The FC in the subregions of the ACC-superior frontal gyrus differed significantly between the two groups. Additionally, the anterior sgACC-right caudate FC and the pgACC-left insula FC were found to be abnormal in the suicidal MDD group. Interestingly, the suicidal ideation score positively correlated with decreased FC in the pgACC-superior frontal gyrus in both groups, but it negatively correlated with increased FC in the anterior sgACC-superior frontal gyrus in the non-suicidal MDD group. Our findings indicate that altered connections of subregions in the ACC may be involved in the neurological mechanisms underlying suicide in young adults with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitang Qiu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Bo Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton Alberta, Canada
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Xinke Li
- School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Jianmei Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Wo Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Zhen Lv
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Weidong Fang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Ming Ai
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
| | - Li Kuang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
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16
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Ribosomal DNA transcription in prefrontal pyramidal neurons is decreased in suicide. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 270:859-867. [PMID: 30859295 PMCID: PMC7474709 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-019-00996-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prefrontal cortical regions, which are crucial for the regulation of emotionally influenced behaviour, play most probably a dominant role in the pathogenesis of suicide. The study was carried out on paraffin-embedded brain tissue blocks containing specimens from the anterior cingulate cortex (dorsal and ventral parts), the orbitofrontal cortex, and the dorsolateral cortex obtained from 23 suicide completers (predominantly violent) with unknown psychiatric diagnosis and 25 non-suicidal controls. The transcriptional activity of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) as a surrogate marker of protein biosynthesis was evaluated separately in layers III and V pyramidal neurons in regions of interest (ROIs) mentioned above by the AgNOR silver staining method bilaterally. The overall statistical analysis revealed a decrease of AgNOR area suggestive of attenuated rDNA activity in suicide victims versus controls, particularly in male subjects. Further ROI-specific post-hoc analyses revealed decreases of the median AgNOR area in suicides compared to non-suicides in all 16 ROIs. However, this effect was only significant in the layer V pyramidal neurons of the right ventral anterior cingulate cortex. Our findings suggest that decreased rDNA transcription in prefrontal pyramidal neurons plays possibly an important role in suicide pathogenesis.
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17
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Bollinger J, Wohleb E. The formative role of microglia in stress-induced synaptic deficits and associated behavioral consequences. Neurosci Lett 2019; 711:134369. [PMID: 31422099 PMCID: PMC9875737 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Psychological stress can precipitate depression, and emerging preclinical data suggest a link between stress-induced alterations in microglia function and development of depressive-like behaviors. Microglia are highly dynamic, and play an integral role in maintaining neuronal homeostasis and synaptic plasticity. In this capacity, microglial dysfunction represents a compelling avenue through which stress might disrupt neuronal integrity and induce psychopathology. This review examines preclinical and clinical postmortem findings that indicate microglia-neuron interactions contribute to stress-induced synaptic deficits and associated behavioral and cognitive consequences. We focus on pathways that are implicated in microglia-mediated neuronal remodeling, including CSF1-CSF1R, CX3CL1-CX3CR1, and CD11b (CR3)-C3, as well as purinergic signaling via P2RX7 and P2RY12. We also highlight sex differences in stress effects on microglia, and the potential for microglia in the development of sex-specific treatments for depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E.S. Wohleb
- Corresponding author at: Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 2120 East Galbraith Road, Cincinnati, OH, 45237, USA. (E.S. Wohleb)
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18
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Rajkumar R, Dawe GS. OBscure but not OBsolete: Perturbations of the frontal cortex in common between rodent olfactory bulbectomy model and major depression. J Chem Neuroanat 2018; 91:63-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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19
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Early Maternal Deprivation Induces Microglial Activation, Alters Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Immunoreactivity and Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase during the Development of Offspring Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:1096-1108. [PMID: 29873040 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1161-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Maternal deprivation (MD) induces behavioral changes and impacts brain circuits that could be associated with the pathophysiology of depression. This study investigated the markers of microglia and astrocyte activation as well as indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) expression in developmental programming after early life MD (on postnatal days (PNDs) 20, 30, 40, and 60). On PND 60, the rats that were subjected to MD displayed depressive-like behavior. On PND 10, it was found that there was a decrease in the level of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunopositive cells, a decrease in the level of IDO expression, and an increase in the level of Iba-1 (microglial marker) in the hippocampus of rats that were subjected to MD. On PND 20, levels of GFAP were also found to have decreased in the hippocampus, and there was an increase in the level of Iba-1 in the hippocampus. AIF-1 (microglial marker) expression was observed in the PFC following MD. On PND 30, the levels of Iba-1 remained elevated. On PND 40, the levels of GFAP were found to have increased in the hippocampus of rats that were subjected to MD. On PND 60, the levels of GFAP and AIF-1 remained elevated following MD. These results suggest that early life stress induces negative developmental programming in rats, as demonstrated by depressive-like behavior in adult life. Moreover, MD increases microglial activation in both early and late developmental phases. The levels of GFAP and IDO decreased in the early stages but were found to be higher in later developmental periods. These findings suggest that MD could differentially affect the expression of the IDO enzyme, astrocytes, and microglial activation depending on the neurodevelopmental period. The onset of an inflammatory state from resident brain cells could be associated with the activation of the kynurenine pathway and the development of depressive behavior in adulthood.
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20
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BDNF effects on dendritic spine morphology and hippocampal function. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 373:729-741. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2782-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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21
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Balcioglu YH, Kose S. Neural substrates of suicide and suicidal behaviour: from a neuroimaging perspective. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2017.1420378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yasin Hasan Balcioglu
- Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Forensic Psychiatry Unit, Bakirkoy Prof. Mazhar Osman Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Samet Kose
- Department of Psychology, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep, Turkey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Medical School of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- eCenter for Neurobehavioral Research on Addictions, Houston, TX, USA
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22
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Sild M, Ruthazer ES, Booij L. Major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders from the glial perspective: Etiological mechanisms, intervention and monitoring. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 83:474-488. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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23
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Lutz PE, Mechawar N, Turecki G. Neuropathology of suicide: recent findings and future directions. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:1395-1412. [PMID: 28696430 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Suicide is a major public health concern and a leading cause of death in most societies. Suicidal behaviour is complex and heterogeneous, likely resulting from several causes. It associates with multiple factors, including psychopathology, personality traits, early-life adversity and stressful life events, among others. Over the past decades, studies in fields ranging from neuroanatomy, genetics and molecular psychiatry have led to a model whereby behavioural dysregulation, including suicidal behaviour (SB), develops as a function of biological adaptations in key brain systems. More recently, the unravelling of the unique epigenetic processes that occur in the brain has opened promising avenues in suicide research. The present review explores the various facets of the current knowledge on suicidality and discusses how the rapidly evolving field of neurobehavioural epigenetics may fuel our ability to understand, and potentially prevent, SB.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-E Lutz
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, McGill University, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - N Mechawar
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, McGill University, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - G Turecki
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, McGill University, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
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24
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Recent Progress in Functional Genomic Studies of Depression and Suicide. CURRENT GENETIC MEDICINE REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40142-017-0112-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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25
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Flores G, Flores-Gómez GD, de Jesús Gomez-Villalobos M. Neuronal changes after chronic high blood pressure in animal models and its implication for vascular dementia. Synapse 2016; 70:198-205. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.21887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Flores
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. 14 Sur 6301; Puebla 72570 México
| | - Gabriel D. Flores-Gómez
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud; Licenciatura en Medicina. Universidad de las Américas Puebla; Puebla Cholula México
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26
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Animal models of major depression and their clinical implications. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 64:293-310. [PMID: 25891248 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is a common, complex, and potentially life-threatening mental disorder that imposes a severe social and economic burden worldwide. Over the years, numerous animal models have been established to elucidate pathophysiology that underlies depression and to test novel antidepressant treatment strategies. Despite these substantial efforts, the animal models available currently are of limited utility for these purposes, probably because none of the models mimics this complex disorder fully. It is presumable that psychiatric illnesses, such as affective disorders, are related to the complexity of the human brain. Here, we summarize the animal models that are used most commonly for depression, and discuss their advantages and limitations. We discuss genetic models, including the recently developed optogenetic tools and the stress models, such as the social stress, chronic mild stress, learned helplessness, and early-life stress paradigms. Moreover, we summarize briefly the olfactory bulbectomy model, as well as models that are based on pharmacological manipulations and disruption of the circadian rhythm. Finally, we highlight common misinterpretations and often-neglected important issues in this field.
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27
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Guo Z, Zhang J, Liu X, Hou H, Cao Y, Wei F, Li J, Chen X, Shen Y, Chen W. Neurometabolic characteristics in the anterior cingulate gyrus of Alzheimer's disease patients with depression: a (1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. BMC Psychiatry 2015; 15:306. [PMID: 26626864 PMCID: PMC4667526 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-015-0691-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a common comorbid psychiatric symptom in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the prevalence of depression is higher among people with AD compared with healthy older adults. Comorbid depression in AD may increase the risk of cognitive decline, impair patients' function, and reduce their quality of life. However, the mechanisms of depression in AD remain unclear. Here, our aim was to identify neurometabolic characteristics in the brain that are associated with depression in patients with mild AD. METHODS Thirty-seven patients were evaluated using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17), and divided into two groups: 17 AD patients with depression (D-AD) and 20 non-depressed AD patients (nD-AD). Using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we characterized neurometabolites in the anterior cingulate gyrus (ACG) of D-AD and nD-AD patients. RESULTS Compared with nD-AD patients, D-AD patients showed lower N-acetylaspartate/creatine (NAA/Cr) and higher myo-inositol/creatine (mI/Cr) in the left ACG. NPI score correlated with NAA/Cr and mI/Cr in the left ACG, while HAMD correlated with NAA/Cr. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show neurometabolic alterations in D-AD patients. Thus, D-AD pathogenesis may be attributed to abnormal activity of neurons and glial cells in the left ACG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Guo
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province and Zhejiang Mental Health Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, China.
| | - Jiangtao Zhang
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province and Zhejiang Mental Health Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, China.
| | - Xiaozheng Liu
- Center for Cognitive Brain Disorders and Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310015, China.
| | - Hongtao Hou
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province and Zhejiang Mental Health Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, China.
| | - Yulin Cao
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province and Zhejiang Mental Health Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, China.
| | - Fuquan Wei
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province and Zhejiang Mental Health Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, China.
| | - Japeng Li
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province and Zhejiang Mental Health Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, China.
| | - Xingli Chen
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province and Zhejiang Mental Health Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, China.
| | - Yuedi Shen
- The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310015, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, No. 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China. .,Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Chinese Ministry of Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China.
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28
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Hayley S, Du L, Litteljohn D, Palkovits M, Faludi G, Merali Z, Poulter MO, Anisman H. Gender and brain regions specific differences in brain derived neurotrophic factor protein levels of depressed individuals who died through suicide. Neurosci Lett 2015; 600:12-6. [PMID: 26033186 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Considerable evidence supports the view that depressive illness and suicidal behaviour stem from perturbations of neuroplasticity. Presently, we assessed whether depressed individuals who died by suicide displayed brain region-specific changes in brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and whether such effects varied by gender. Using postmortem samples from non-psychiatric controls and depressed individuals who died by suicide, BDNF protein levels were assessed within the hippocampus and frontopolar prefrontal cortex using Western blot. As expected, BDNF levels were reduced within the frontopolar prefrontal cortex among female depressed suicides; however, males showed no such effect. Contrastingly, within the hippocampus, depressed male but not female suicides displayed significant reductions of BDNF protein levels. Although the mechanisms driving the gender and brain region specific BDNF changes are unclear, our data do support the notion that complex alterations of neuroplasticity may be fundamentally involved in the illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Hayley
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Lisheng Du
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Darcy Litteljohn
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Miklós Palkovits
- Human Brain Tissue Bank and Laboratory, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Faludi
- Department of Clinical and Theoretical Mental Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zul Merali
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael O Poulter
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hymie Anisman
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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29
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Ballard ED, Lally N, Nugent AC, Furey ML, Luckenbaugh DA, Zarate CA. Neural correlates of suicidal ideation and its reduction in depression. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 18:pyu069. [PMID: 25550331 PMCID: PMC4307932 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyu069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neural correlates of suicidal ideation and its reduction after treatment are unknown. We hypothesized that increased regional cerebral glucose metabolism in the infralimbic cortex (Brodmann area 25), amygdala, and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex would be associated with suicidal ideation and its reduction after ketamine infusion. METHODS Medication-free patients (n=19) with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder underwent positron emission tomography imaging at baseline and 230 minutes after an open-label ketamine infusion (0.5 mg/kg for 40 minutes). RESULTS Baseline suicidal ideation and regional cerebral glucose metabolism in the infralimbic cortex were significantly correlated (r=.59, P=.007); but not overall mood scores (r=-.07, P=.79). Reductions in suicidal ideation after ketamine infusion were correlated with decreased regional cerebral glucose metabolism in the infralimbic cortex (r=.54, P=.02). Metabolism in other areas of interest was not significantly correlated with suicidal ideation or depression. CONCLUSION The infralimbic cortex may be implicated in suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth D Ballard
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Dr Ballard, Mr Lally, Dr Nugent, Dr Furey, Mr Luckenbaugh, and Dr Zarate); Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, WC1N 3AR, UK (Mr Lally).
| | - Níall Lally
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Dr Ballard, Mr Lally, Dr Nugent, Dr Furey, Mr Luckenbaugh, and Dr Zarate); Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, WC1N 3AR, UK (Mr Lally)
| | - Allison C Nugent
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Dr Ballard, Mr Lally, Dr Nugent, Dr Furey, Mr Luckenbaugh, and Dr Zarate); Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, WC1N 3AR, UK (Mr Lally)
| | - Maura L Furey
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Dr Ballard, Mr Lally, Dr Nugent, Dr Furey, Mr Luckenbaugh, and Dr Zarate); Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, WC1N 3AR, UK (Mr Lally)
| | - David A Luckenbaugh
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Dr Ballard, Mr Lally, Dr Nugent, Dr Furey, Mr Luckenbaugh, and Dr Zarate); Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, WC1N 3AR, UK (Mr Lally)
| | - Carlos A Zarate
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Dr Ballard, Mr Lally, Dr Nugent, Dr Furey, Mr Luckenbaugh, and Dr Zarate); Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, WC1N 3AR, UK (Mr Lally)
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30
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Modinos G, Allen P, Frascarelli M, Tognin S, Valmaggia L, Xenaki L, Keedwell P, Broome M, Valli I, Woolley J, Stone JM, Mechelli A, Phillips ML, McGuire P, Fusar-Poli P. Are we really mapping psychosis risk? Neuroanatomical signature of affective disorders in subjects at ultra high risk. Psychol Med 2014; 44:3491-3501. [PMID: 25066827 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291714000865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of people at ultra high risk (UHR) of psychosis also present with co-morbid affective disorders such as depression or anxiety. The neuroanatomical and clinical impact of UHR co-morbidity is unknown. METHOD We investigated group differences in grey matter volume using baseline magnetic resonance images from 121 participants in four groups: UHR with depressive or anxiety co-morbidity; UHR alone; major depressive disorder; and healthy controls. The impact of grey matter volume on baseline and longitudinal clinical/functional data was assessed with regression analyses. RESULTS The UHR-co-morbidity group had lower grey matter volume in the anterior cingulate cortex than the UHR-alone group, with an intermediate effect between controls and patients with major depressive disorder. In the UHR-co-morbidity group, baseline anterior cingulate volume was negatively correlated with baseline suicidality/self-harm and obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Co-morbid depression and anxiety disorders contributed distinctive grey matter volume reductions of the anterior cingulate cortex in people at UHR of psychosis. These volumetric deficits were correlated with baseline measures of depression and anxiety, suggesting that co-morbid depressive and anxiety diagnoses should be carefully considered in future clinical and imaging studies of the psychosis high-risk state.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Modinos
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry,King's College London,London,UK
| | - P Allen
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry,King's College London,London,UK
| | - M Frascarelli
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry,King's College London,London,UK
| | - S Tognin
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry,King's College London,London,UK
| | - L Valmaggia
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry,King's College London,London,UK
| | - L Xenaki
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry,King's College London,London,UK
| | - P Keedwell
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics,Cardiff University,Cardiff,UK
| | - M Broome
- Department of Psychiatry,University of Oxford,Oxford,UK
| | - I Valli
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry,King's College London,London,UK
| | - J Woolley
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry,King's College London,London,UK
| | - J M Stone
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry,King's College London,London,UK
| | - A Mechelli
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry,King's College London,London,UK
| | - M L Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic,University of Pittsburgh,Pittsburgh, PA,USA
| | - P McGuire
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry,King's College London,London,UK
| | - P Fusar-Poli
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry,King's College London,London,UK
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31
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Dysfunction of neural circuitry in depressive patients with suicidal behaviors: a review of structural and functional neuroimaging studies. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 53:61-6. [PMID: 24632395 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Suicide is an important public problem. Understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of suicidal behavior in depression will facilitate the development of more effective prevention strategies for suicide. There are several reviews of imaging studies of suicidal behavior, but none of these reviews have focused only on suicide in depression. We reviewed neuroimaging studies of suicide in depression in recent years. The majority of studies found structural and functional alterations in the orbital frontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex and striatum in depressive patients with suicidal behaviors. The evidence suggests that the frontal-striatal circuitry, which includes the striatum, orbital frontal and anterior cingulate cortices, is involved in the neurobiology of suicide in depressive patients. These findings also indicate that not all suicides have the same underlying neuropathology. Future studies require larger samples and more accurate subtypes of suicide. Furthermore, combining neuroimaging and other new technologies in molecular biology will be helpful to reveal the pathogenesis of suicidal behavior in depression.
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32
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Savitz JB, Price JL, Drevets WC. Neuropathological and neuromorphometric abnormalities in bipolar disorder: view from the medial prefrontal cortical network. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 42:132-47. [PMID: 24603026 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The question of whether BD is primarily a developmental disorder or a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder remains unresolved. Here, we review the morphometric postmortem and neuroimaging literature relevant to the neuropathology of bipolar disorder (BD). We focus on the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) network, a key system in the regulation of emotional, behavioral, endocrine, and innate immunological responses to stress. We draw four main conclusions: the mPFC is characterized by (1) a decrease in volume, (2) reductions in neuronal size, and/or changes in neuronal density, (3) reductions in glial cell density, and (4) changes in gene expression. These data suggest the presence of dendritic atrophy of neurons and the loss of oligodendroglial cells in BD, although some data additionally suggest a reduction in the cell counts of specific subpopulations of GABAergic interneurons. Based on the weight of the postmortem and neuroimaging literature discussed herein, we favor a complex hypothesis that BD primarily constitutes a developmental disorder, but that additional, progressive, histopathological processes also are associated with recurrent or chronic illness. Conceivably BD may be best conceptualized as a progressive neurodevelopmental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan B Savitz
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA; Faculty of Community Medicine, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA.
| | - Joseph L Price
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Wayne C Drevets
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA; Janssen Pharmaceuticals of Johnson & Johnson, Inc., Titusville, NJ, USA
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33
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Lucassen PJ, Pruessner J, Sousa N, Almeida OFX, Van Dam AM, Rajkowska G, Swaab DF, Czéh B. Neuropathology of stress. Acta Neuropathol 2014; 127:109-35. [PMID: 24318124 PMCID: PMC3889685 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-013-1223-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Environmental challenges are part of daily life for any individual. In fact, stress appears to be increasingly present in our modern, and demanding, industrialized society. Virtually every aspect of our body and brain can be influenced by stress and although its effects are partly mediated by powerful corticosteroid hormones that target the nervous system, relatively little is known about when, and how, the effects of stress shift from being beneficial and protective to becoming deleterious. Decades of stress research have provided valuable insights into whether stress can directly induce dysfunction and/or pathological alterations, which elements of stress exposure are responsible, and which structural substrates are involved. Using a broad definition of pathology, we here review the "neuropathology of stress" and focus on structural consequences of stress exposure for different regions of the rodent, primate and human brain. We discuss cytoarchitectural, neuropathological and structural plasticity measures as well as more recent neuroimaging techniques that allow direct monitoring of the spatiotemporal effects of stress and the role of different CNS structures in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in human brain. We focus on the hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, nucleus accumbens, prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortex, key brain regions that not only modulate emotions and cognition but also the response to stress itself, and discuss disorders like depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, Cushing syndrome and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Lucassen
- SILS-Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jens Pruessner
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | | | - Anne Marie Van Dam
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Grazyna Rajkowska
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS USA
| | - Dick F. Swaab
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Boldizsár Czéh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Szentágothai János Research Center, Neuroendocrinology Research Group, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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34
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Gos T, Steiner J, Krell D, Bielau H, Mawrin C, Krzyżanowski M, Brisch R, Pieśniak D, Bernstein HG, Jankowski Z, Braun K, Bogerts B. Ribosomal DNA transcription in the anterior cingulate cortex is decreased in unipolar but not bipolar I depression. Psychiatry Res 2013; 210:338-45. [PMID: 23541246 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2013.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The anterior cingulate cortex (AC) is consistently implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. However, it is not clear whether unipolar and bipolar depression display distinct neuropathological features. Therefore, the objective of this post-mortem study was to re-evaluate this important issue. Brains from 9 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 11 patients with bipolar disorder (BD) subtype I depression as well as 24 matched controls were analysed. The argyrophilic nucleolar organiser region (AgNOR) silver-staining method was applied on paraffin-embedded brain sections in order to assess the transcriptional activity of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) in layer III and V pyramidal neurons of the dorsal and ventral AC in both hemispheres. An AgNOR area decrease suggestive of a diminished transcriptional activity of rDNA was found in the MDD group both versus controls and versus the BD group. The effect was specific for the right hemisphere and dorsal AC and was restricted to layer V pyramidal neurons. The results suggest that only patients with MDD display region-specific chronic hypoactivity of these output neurons, which are critical for mood regulation. Furthermore, in our cohort, unipolar and bipolar I depression could be differentiated relative to the presumed AC hypoactivity and psychotropic medication did not counteract the observed effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Gos
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Dębowa 23, 80-204 Gdańsk, Poland; Department of Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Zoology/Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany.
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35
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Hayley S, Litteljohn D. Neuroplasticity and the next wave of antidepressant strategies. Front Cell Neurosci 2013; 7:218. [PMID: 24312008 PMCID: PMC3834236 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2013.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common chronic psychiatric disorder that is also often co-morbid with numerous neurological and immune diseases. Accumulating evidence indicates that disturbances of neuroplasticity occur with depression, including reductions of hippocampal neurogenesis and cortical synaptogenesis. Improper trophic support stemming from stressor-induced reductions of growth factors, most notably brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), likely drives such aberrant neuroplasticity. We posit that psychological and immune stressors can interact upon a vulnerable genetic background to promote depression by disturbing BDNF and neuroplastic processes. Furthermore, the chronic and commonly relapsing nature of depression is suggested to stem from "faulty wiring" of emotional circuits driven by neuroplastic aberrations. The present review considers depression in such terms and attempts to integrate the available evidence indicating that the efficacy of current and "next wave" antidepressant treatments, whether used alone or in combination, is at least partially tied to their ability to modulate neuroplasticity. We particularly focus on the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist, ketamine, which already has well documented rapid antidepressant effects, and the trophic cytokine, erythropoietin (EPO), which we propose as a potential adjunctive antidepressant agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Hayley
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University Ottawa, ON, Canada
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36
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Rajkowska G, Stockmeier CA. Astrocyte pathology in major depressive disorder: insights from human postmortem brain tissue. Curr Drug Targets 2013; 14:1225-36. [PMID: 23469922 PMCID: PMC3799810 DOI: 10.2174/13894501113149990156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present paper reviews astrocyte pathology in major depressive disorder (MDD) and proposes that reductions in astrocytes and related markers are key features in the pathology of MDD. Astrocytes are the most numerous and versatile of all types of glial cells. They are crucial to the neuronal microenvironment by regulating glucose metabolism, neurotransmitter uptake (particularly for glutamate), synaptic development and maturation and the blood brain barrier. Pathology of astrocytes has been consistently noted in MDD as well as in rodent models of depressive-like behavior. This review summarizes evidence from human postmortem tissue showing alterations in the expression of protein and mRNA for astrocyte markers such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), gap junction proteins (connexin 40 and 43), the water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4), a calcium-binding protein S100B and glutamatergic markers including the excitatory amino acid transporters 1 and 2 (EAAT1, EAAT2) and glutamine synthetase. Moreover, preclinical studies are presented that demonstrate the involvement of GFAP and astrocytes in animal models of stress and depressive-like behavior and the influence of different classes of antidepressant medications on astrocytes. In light of the various astrocyte deficits noted in MDD, astrocytes may be novel targets for the action of antidepressant medications. Possible functional consequences of altered expression of astrocytic markers in MDD are also discussed. Finally, the unique pattern of cell pathology in MDD, characterized by prominent reductions in the density of astrocytes and in the expression of their markers without obvious neuronal loss, is contrasted with that found in other neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazyna Rajkowska
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Box 127, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA.
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Abstract
Major depression is characterized by low mood, a reduced ability to experience pleasure and frequent cognitive, physiological and high anxiety symptoms. It is also the leading cause of years lost due to disability worldwide in women and men, reflecting a lifelong trajectory of recurring episodes, increasing severity and progressive treatment resistance. Yet, antidepressant drugs at best treat only one out of every two patients and have not fundamentally changed since their discovery by chance >50 yr ago. This status quo may reflect an exaggerated emphasis on a categorical disease classification that was not intended for biological research and on oversimplified gene-to-disease models for complex illnesses. Indeed, genetic, molecular and cellular findings in major depression suggest shared risk and continuous pathological changes with other brain-related disorders. So, an alternative is that pathological findings in major depression reflect changes in vulnerable brain-related biological modules, each with their own aetiological factors, pathogenic mechanisms and biological/environment moderators. In this model, pathological entities have low specificity for major depression and instead co-occur, combine and interact within individual subjects across disorders, contributing to the expression of biological endophenotypes and potentially clinical symptom dimensions. Here, we discuss current limitations in depression research, review concepts of gene-to-disease biological scales and summarize human post-mortem brain findings related to pyramidal neurons, γ-amino butyric acid neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, as prototypical brain circuit biological modules. Finally we discuss nested aetiological factors and implications for dimensional pathology. Evidence suggests that a focus on local cell circuits may provide an appropriate integration point and a critical link between underlying molecular mechanisms and neural network dysfunction in major depression.
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Mechawar N. [What can microscopy teach us on suicide?]. SANTE MENTALE AU QUEBEC 2013; 37:57-64. [PMID: 23666281 DOI: 10.7202/1014956ar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The fine neuroanatomy of mood disorders and suicide is a relatively recent field of investigation. Together with neuroimaging, molecular biology and biochemistry, histological analyses of post-mortem brain regions implicated in mood regulation allow gaining a better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying major depression and suicide. In this article, the author discusses recent studies conducted in his laboratory on the fine neuroanatomy of the anterior cingular cortex (ACC). In particular, he presents data showing that ACC white matter fibrous astrocytes are hypertrophic in depressed suicides compared to matched sudden-death controls. These data are interpreted in the context of the neuroimmune hypothesis of major depression and suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naguib Mechawar
- Groupe McGill d'Études sur le Suicide, Institut universitaire en santé mentale Douglas, Département de psychiatrie, Université McGill
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NOS1AP is associated with increased severity of PTSD and depression in untreated combat veterans. J Affect Disord 2013; 147:87-93. [PMID: 23146198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2012.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depressive disorder are over represented in combat veterans. Veterans with both disorders have an increased risk of suicide. The nitric oxide synthase 1 adaptor protein (NOS1AP) gene, which modulates stress-evoked N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) activity, was investigated in combat veterans. METHODS A comprehensive genetic analysis of NOS1AP and its association with PTSD was investigated in Vietnam combat veterans with PTSD (n=121) and a group of healthy control individuals (n=237). PTSD patients were assessed for symptom severity and level of depression using the Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related PTSD and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI). RESULTS The G allele of NOS1AP SNP rs386231 was significantly associated with PTSD (p=0.002). Analysis of variance revealed significant differences in BDI-II and Mississippi scores between genotypes for rs386231 with the GG genotype associated with increased severity of depression (p=0.002 F=6.839) and higher Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related PTSD scores (p=0.033). Haplotype analysis revealed that the C/G haplotype (rs451275/rs386231) was significantly associated with PTSD (p=0.001). LIMITATIONS The sample sizes in our study were not sufficient to detect SNP associations with very small effects. In addition the study was limited by its cross sectional design. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study reporting that a variant of the NOS1AP gene is associated with PTSD. Our data also suggest that a genetic variant in NOS1AP may increase the susceptibility to severe depression in patients with PTSD and increased risk for suicide.
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Mancuso JJ, Chen Y, Li X, Xue Z, Wong STC. Methods of dendritic spine detection: from Golgi to high-resolution optical imaging. Neuroscience 2012; 251:129-40. [PMID: 22522468 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic spines, the bulbous protrusions that form the postsynaptic half of excitatory synapses, are one of the most prominent features of neurons and have been imaged and studied for over a century. In that time, changes in the number and morphology of dendritic spines have been correlated to the developmental process as well as the pathophysiology of a number of neurodegenerative diseases. Due to the sheer scale of synaptic connectivity in the brain, work to date has merely scratched the surface in the study of normal spine function and pathology. This review will highlight traditional approaches to the imaging of dendritic spines and newer approaches made possible by advances in microscopy, protein engineering, and image analysis. The review will also describe recent work that is leading researchers toward the possibility of a systematic and comprehensive study of spine anatomy throughout the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Mancuso
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Ting Tsung and Wei Fong Chao Center for Bioinformatics Research and Imaging in Neurosciences, USA
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Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that cortical astrocytic function is disrupted in mood disorders and suicide. The fine neuroanatomy of astrocytes, however, remains to be investigated in these psychiatric conditions. In this study, we performed a detailed morphometric analysis of 3D-reconstructed gray and white matter astrocytes in Golgi-impregnated anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) samples from depressed suicides and matched controls. Postmortem ACC samples (BA24) from 10 well-characterized depressed suicides and 10 matched sudden-death controls were obtained from the Quebec Suicide Brain Bank. Golgi-impregnated protoplasmic astrocytes (gray matter, layer VI) and fibrous astrocytes (adjacent white matter) were reconstructed, and their morphometric features were analyzed using the Neurolucida software. For each cell, the soma size as well as the number, length, and branching of processes were determined. The densities of thorny protrusions found along the processes of both astrocytic subtypes were also determined. Protoplasmic astrocytes showed no significant difference between groups for any of the quantified parameters. However, fibrous astrocytes had significantly larger cell bodies, as well as longer, more ramified processes in depressed suicides, with values for these parameters being about twice as high as those measured in controls. These results provide the first evidence of altered cortical astrocytic morphology in mood disorders. The presence of hypertrophic astrocytes in BA24 white matter is consistent with reports suggesting white matter alterations in depression, and provides further support to the neuroinflammatory theory of depression.
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Gittins RA, Harrison PJ. A morphometric study of glia and neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex in mood disorder. J Affect Disord 2011; 133:328-32. [PMID: 21497910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2011.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Revised: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is a key region for the pathophysiology and treatment of depression. However, it remains unclear whether and how the morphology of the ACC is altered in subjects with mood disorders. METHOD A post mortem morphometric study of the supragenual ACC (Brodmann area 24b) in seven subjects with mood disorder and nine comparison subjects. We measured glial and neuronal density, and neuronal size and shape. We also quantified the astrocytic marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), using immunoautoradiography. RESULTS Cortical and layer thickness did not differ between groups. Subjects with mood disorder had a decreased density of glial cells across all layers, and a reduction in GFAP in white matter. The density of pyramidal neurons was decreased selectively in layer Vb, and their size was increased in layers V and VI. The shape of pyramidal neurons also differed in mood disorder, in layers Va and VI. CONCLUSION These data provide further evidence for morphometric alterations in glia and pyramidal neurons in mood disorder. They represent a possible cellular basis for the aberrant functioning and connectivity of the ACC apparent from neuroimaging and other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Gittins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK
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Jollant F, Lawrence NL, Olié E, Guillaume S, Courtet P. The suicidal mind and brain: a review of neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies. World J Biol Psychiatry 2011; 12:319-39. [PMID: 21385016 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2011.556200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES. We aimed at reviewing studies exploring dysfunctional cognitive processes, and their neuroanatomical basis, in suicidal behaviour, and to develop a neurocognitive working model. Methods. A literature search was conducted. RESULTS. Several limitations were found. The main reported neuropsychological findings are a higher attention to specific negative emotional stimuli, impaired decision-making, lower problem-solving abilities, reduced verbal fluency, and possible reduced non-specific attention and reversal learning in suicide attempters. Neuroimaging studies mainly showed the involvement of ventrolateral orbital, dorsomedial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices, the anterior cingulate gyrus, and, to a lesser extent, the amygdala. In addition, alterations in white matter connections are suggested. CONCLUSIONS. These studies support the concept of alterations in suicidal behaviour distinct from those of comorbid disorders. We propose that a series of neurocognitive dysfunctions, some with trait-like characteristics, may facilitate the development of a suicidal crisis during stressful circumstances: (1) an altered modulation of value attribution, (2) an inadequate regulation of emotional and cognitive responses, and (3) a facilitation of acts in an emotional context. This preliminary model may represent a framework for the design of future studies on the pathophysiology, prediction and prevention of these complex human behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Jollant
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
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